1
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Yuan X, Liu P, Xu L, Liang L, Dong Q, Fan T, Yue W, Qu M, Pei X, Xie X. miR-1915-3p regulates megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation by targeting SOCS4. Thromb J 2024; 22:74. [PMID: 39123189 PMCID: PMC11316338 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper control of the lineage bias of megakaryocytic and erythroid progenitor cells (MEPs) is of significant importance, the disorder of which will lead to abnormalities in the number and function of platelets and erythrocytes. Unfortunately, the signaling pathways regulating MEP differentiation largely remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the role and the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-1915-3p in megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation. METHODS We utilized miRNA mimics and miRNA sponge to alter the expression of miR-1915-3p in megakaryocytic and/or erythroid potential cells; siRNA and overexpression plasmid to change the expression of SOCS4, a potential target of miR-1915-3p. The expression of relevant surface markers was detected by flow cytometry. We scanned for miR-1915-3p target genes by mRNA expression profiling and bioinformatic analysis, and confirmed the targeting by dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blot and gain- and lost-of-function studies. One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to analyze the statistical significance. RESULTS In this study, overexpression or knockdown of miR-1915-3p inhibited or promoted erythroid differentiation, respectively. Accordingly, we scanned for miR-1915-3p target genes and confirmed that SOCS4 is one of the direct targets of miR-1915-3p. An attentive examination of the endogenous expression of SOCS4 during megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation suggested the involvement of SOCS4 in erythroid/megakaryocytic lineage determination. SOCS4 knockdown lessened erythroid surface markers expression, as well as improved megakaryocytic differentiation, similar to the effects of miR-1915-3p overexpression. While SOCS4 overexpression resulted in reversed effects. SOCS4 overexpression in miR-1915-3p upregulated cells rescued the effect of miR-1915-3p. CONCLUSIONS miR-1915-3p acts as a negative regulator of erythropoiesis, and positively in thrombopoiesis. SOCS4 is one of the key mediators of miR-1915-3p during the differentiation of MEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Pengcong Liu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Liqing Liang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mingyi Qu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
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2
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Zhang S, Rautela J, Bediaga NG, Kolesnik TB, You Y, Nie J, Dagley LF, Bedo J, Wang H, Sun L, Sutherland R, Surgenor E, Iannarella N, Allan R, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Xie Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Nutt SL, Lew AM, Huntington ND, Nicholson SE, Chopin M, Zhan Y. CIS controls the functional polarization of GM-CSF-derived macrophages. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:65-79. [PMID: 36471114 PMCID: PMC9794780 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00957-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) possesses the capacity to differentiate monocytes into macrophages (MØs) with opposing functions, namely, proinflammatory M1-like MØs and immunosuppressive M2-like MØs. Despite the importance of these opposing biological outcomes, the intrinsic mechanism that regulates the functional polarization of MØs under GM-CSF signaling remains elusive. Here, we showed that GM-CSF-induced MØ polarization resulted in the expression of cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) and that CIS deficiency skewed the differentiation of monocytes toward immunosuppressive M2-like MØs. CIS deficiency resulted in hyperactivation of the JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway, consequently promoting downregulation of the transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8). Loss- and gain-of-function approaches highlighted IRF8 as a critical regulator of the M1-like polarization program. In vivo, CIS deficiency induced the differentiation of M2-like macrophages, which promoted strong Th2 immune responses characterized by the development of severe experimental asthma. Collectively, our results reveal a CIS-modulated mechanism that clarifies the opposing actions of GM-CSF in MØ differentiation and uncovers the role of GM-CSF in controlling allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Zhang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Moonee Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Naiara G Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tatiana B Kolesnik
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yue You
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Junli Nie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Bedo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Biological Science, Anhui Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Robyn Sutherland
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elliot Surgenor
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadia Iannarella
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys Allan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yi Xie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Duke, Singapore
| | - Qike Wang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- College of Biological Science, Anhui Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Moonee Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michaël Chopin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Pelletier A, Carrier A, Zhao Y, Canouil M, Derhourhi M, Durand E, Berberian-Ferrato L, Greally J, Hughes F, Froguel P, Bonnefond A, Delahaye F. Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Programming of HSC Quiescence Signaling in Large for Gestational Age Neonates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7323. [PMID: 35806330 PMCID: PMC9267056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fetal growth is associated with DNA methylation alterations in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), but their functional impact remains elusive. We implemented an integrative analysis combining single-cell epigenomics, single-cell transcriptomics, and in vitro analyses to functionally link DNA methylation changes to putative alterations of HSPC functions. We showed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from large for gestational age neonates that both DNA hypermethylation and chromatin rearrangements target a specific network of transcription factors known to sustain stem cell quiescence. In parallel, we found a decreased expression of key genes regulating HSC differentiation including EGR1, KLF2, SOCS3, and JUNB. Our functional analyses showed that this epigenetic programming was associated with a decreased ability for HSCs to remain quiescent. Taken together, our multimodal approach using single-cell (epi)genomics showed that human fetal overgrowth affects hematopoietic stem cells' quiescence signaling via epigenetic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pelletier
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
- Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Carrier
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
- Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
- Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
| | - Lionel Berberian-Ferrato
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
| | - John Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Price Building, Room 322, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Francine Hughes
- Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
- Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
- Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Fabien Delahaye
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (E.D.); (L.B.-F.); (A.B.)
- Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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4
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Rigo R, Chelbi R, Agopian J, Letard S, Griffon A, Ghamlouch H, Vernerey J, Ladopoulos V, Voisset E, De Sepulveda P, Guittard G, Nunès JA, Bidaut G, Göttgens B, Weber M, Bernard OA, Dubreuil P, Soucie E. TET2 regulates immune tolerance in chronically activated mast cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154191. [PMID: 35393954 PMCID: PMC9057605 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the TET2 DNA-hydroxymethylase has been associated with a number of immune pathologies. The disparity in phenotype and clinical presentation among these pathologies leads to questions regarding the role of TET2 mutation in promoting disease evolution in different immune cell types. Here we show that, in primary mast cells, Tet2 expression is induced in response to chronic and acute activation signals. In TET2-deficient mast cells, chronic activation via the oncogenic KITD816V allele associated with mastocytosis, selects for a specific epigenetic signature characterized by hypermethylated DNA regions (HMR) at immune response genes. H3K27ac and transcription factor binding is consistent with priming or more open chromatin at both HMR and non-HMR in proximity to immune genes in these cells, and this signature coincides with increased pathological inflammation signals. HMR are also associated with a subset of immune genes that are direct targets of TET2 and repressed in TET2-deficient cells. Repression of these genes results in immune tolerance to acute stimulation that can be rescued with vitamin C treatment or reiterated with a Tet inhibitor. Overall, our data support a model where TET2 plays a direct role in preventing immune tolerance in chronically activated mast cells, supporting TET2 as a viable target to reprogram the innate immune response for innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rigo
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Rabie Chelbi
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Julie Agopian
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Sebastien Letard
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélien Griffon
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Hussein Ghamlouch
- INSERM, Mixed Research Unit (UMR) 1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Facility of Medicine, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Vernerey
- CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Vasileios Ladopoulos
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, and.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edwige Voisset
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Paulo De Sepulveda
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Geoffrey Guittard
- CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunès
- CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ghislain Bidaut
- CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, and.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Weber
- CNRS, University of Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM, Mixed Research Unit (UMR) 1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Facility of Medicine, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrice Dubreuil
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Erinn Soucie
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
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5
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Qian Y, Berryman DE, Basu R, List EO, Okada S, Young JA, Jensen EA, Bell SRC, Kulkarni P, Duran-Ortiz S, Mora-Criollo P, Mathes SC, Brittain AL, Buchman M, Davis E, Funk KR, Bogart J, Ibarra D, Mendez-Gibson I, Slyby J, Terry J, Kopchick JJ. Mice with gene alterations in the GH and IGF family. Pituitary 2022; 25:1-51. [PMID: 34797529 PMCID: PMC8603657 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of GH's action stems from animal models and the generation and characterization of genetically altered or modified mice. Manipulation of genes in the GH/IGF1 family in animals started in 1982 when the first GH transgenic mice were produced. Since then, multiple laboratories have altered mouse DNA to globally disrupt Gh, Ghr, and other genes upstream or downstream of GH or its receptor. The ability to stay current with the various genetically manipulated mouse lines within the realm of GH/IGF1 research has been daunting. As such, this review attempts to consolidate and summarize the literature related to the initial characterization of many of the known gene-manipulated mice relating to the actions of GH, PRL and IGF1. We have organized the mouse lines by modifications made to constituents of the GH/IGF1 family either upstream or downstream of GHR or to the GHR itself. Available data on the effect of altered gene expression on growth, GH/IGF1 levels, body composition, reproduction, diabetes, metabolism, cancer, and aging are summarized. For the ease of finding this information, key words are highlighted in bold throughout the main text for each mouse line and this information is summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most importantly, the collective data derived from and reported for these mice have enhanced our understanding of GH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jensen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R C Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Patricia Mora-Criollo
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mat Buchman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kevin R Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jolie Bogart
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Diego Ibarra
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Isaac Mendez-Gibson
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie Slyby
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Terry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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6
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Sobah ML, Liongue C, Ward AC. SOCS Proteins in Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, and Immune-Related Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:727987. [PMID: 34604264 PMCID: PMC8481645 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.727987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine signaling represents one of the cornerstones of the immune system, mediating the complex responses required to facilitate appropriate immune cell development and function that supports robust immunity. It is crucial that these signals be tightly regulated, with dysregulation underpinning immune defects, including excessive inflammation, as well as contributing to various immune-related malignancies. A specialized family of proteins called suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) participate in negative feedback regulation of cytokine signaling, ensuring it is appropriately restrained. The eight SOCS proteins identified regulate cytokine and other signaling pathways in unique ways. SOCS1–3 and CISH are most closely involved in the regulation of immune-related signaling, influencing processes such polarization of lymphocytes and the activation of myeloid cells by controlling signaling downstream of essential cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ. SOCS protein perturbation disrupts these processes resulting in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions as well as malignancies. As a consequence, SOCS proteins are garnering increased interest as a unique avenue to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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7
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Influences of the IL-6 cytokine family on bone structure and function. Cytokine 2021; 146:155655. [PMID: 34332274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The IL-6 family of cytokines comprises a large group of cytokines that all act via the formation of a signaling complex that includes the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor. Despite this, many of these cytokines have unique roles that regulate the activity of bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone-resident osteocytes, and cartilage cells (chondrocytes). These include specific functions in craniofacial development, longitudinal bone growth, and the maintenance of trabecular and cortical bone structure, and have been implicated in musculoskeletal pathologies such as craniosynostosis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and heterotopic ossifications. This review will work systematically through each member of this family and provide an overview and an update on the expression patterns and functions of each of these cytokines in the skeleton, as well as their negative feedback pathways, particularly suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). The specific cytokines described are interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), neuropoietin, humanin and interleukin 27 (IL-27).
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8
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Gao Y, Liu R, He C, Basile J, Vesterlund M, Wahren-Herlenius M, Espinoza A, Hokka-Zakrisson C, Zadjali F, Yoshimura A, Karlsson M, Carow B, Rottenberg ME. SOCS3 Expression by Thymic Stromal Cells Is Required for Normal T Cell Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642173. [PMID: 33815395 PMCID: PMC8012910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a major regulator of immune responses and inflammation as it negatively regulates cytokine signaling. Here, the role of SOCS3 in thymic T cell formation was studied in Socs3fl/flActin-creER mice (Δsocs3) with a tamoxifen inducible and ubiquitous Socs3 deficiency. Δsocs3 thymi showed a 90% loss of cellularity and altered cortico-medullary organization. Thymocyte differentiation and proliferation was impaired at the early double negative (CD4-CD8-) cell stage and apoptosis was increased during the double positive (CD4+CD8+) cell stage, resulting in the reduction of recent thymic emigrants in peripheral organs. Using bone marrow chimeras, transplanting thymic organoids and using mice deficient of SOCS3 in thymocytes we found that expression in thymic stromal cells rather than in thymocytes was critical for T cell development. We found that SOCS3 in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) binds to the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM 21 and that Trim21−/− mice showed increased thymic cellularity. Δsocs3 TECs showed alterations in the expression of genes involved in positive and negative selection and lympho-stromal interactions. SOCS3-dependent signal inhibition of the common gp130 subunit of the IL-6 receptor family was redundant for T cell formation. Together, SOCS3 expression in thymic stroma cells is critical for T cell development and for maintenance of thymus architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruining Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chenfei He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Basile
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- SciLife Lab, Department of Oncology-Patohology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Fahad Zadjali
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikael Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Carow
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin E Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Liu S, Sun WC, Zhang YL, Lin QY, Liao JW, Song GR, Ma XL, Li HH, Zhang B. SOCS3 Negatively Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy via Targeting GRP78-Mediated ER Stress During Pressure Overload. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629932. [PMID: 33585485 PMCID: PMC7874011 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload-induced hypertrophic remodeling is a critical pathological process leading to heart failure (HF). Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) has been demonstrated to protect against cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, but its mechanisms are largely unknown. Using primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac-specific SOCS3 knockout (SOCS3cko) or overexpression mice, we demonstrated that modulation of SOCS3 level influenced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction induced by hypertrophic stimuli. We found that glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) was a direct target of SOCS3, and that overexpression of SOCS3 inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis through promoting proteasomal degradation of GRP78, thereby inhibiting activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitophagy in the heart. Thus, our results uncover SOCS3-GRP78-mediated ER stress as a novel mechanism in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to HF induced by sustained pressure overload, and suggest that modulating this pathway may provide a new therapeutic approach for hypertrophic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Chang Sun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gui-Rong Song
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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10
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Karki P, Ke Y, Zhang CO, Li Y, Tian Y, Son S, Yoshimura A, Kaibuchi K, Birukov KG, Birukova AA. SOCS3-microtubule interaction via CLIP-170 and CLASP2 is critical for modulation of endothelial inflammation and lung injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100239. [PMID: 33372035 PMCID: PMC7949054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 induce endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and trigger an inflammatory response in part by activating the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. The protein suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of JAK-STAT, but its role in modulation of lung EC barrier dysfunction caused by bacterial pathogens has not been investigated. Using human lung ECs and EC-specific SOCS3 knockout mice, we tested the hypothesis that SOCS3 confers microtubule (MT)-mediated protection against endothelial dysfunction. SOCS3 knockdown in cultured ECs or EC-specific SOCS3 knockout in mice resulted in exacerbated lung injury characterized by increased permeability and inflammation in response to IL-6 or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA). Ectopic expression of SOCS3 attenuated HKSA-induced EC dysfunction, and this effect required assembled MTs. SOCS3 was enriched in the MT fractions, and treatment with HKSA disrupted SOCS3-MT association. We discovered that-in addition to its known partners gp130 and JAK2-SOCS3 interacts with MT plus-end binding proteins CLIP-170 and CLASP2 via its N-terminal domain. The resulting SOCS3-CLIP-170/CLASP2 complex was essential for maximal SOCS3 anti-inflammatory effects. Both IL-6 and HKSA promoted MT disassembly and disrupted SOCS3 interaction with CLIP-170 and CLASP2. Moreover, knockdown of CLIP-170 or CLASP2 impaired SOCS3-JAK2 interaction and abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of SOCS3. Together, these findings demonstrate for the first time an interaction between SOCS3 and CLIP-170/CLASP2 and reveal that this interaction is essential to the protective effects of SOCS3 in lung endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sophia Son
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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11
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Damerau A, Gaber T, Ohrndorf S, Hoff P. JAK/STAT Activation: A General Mechanism for Bone Development, Homeostasis, and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9004. [PMID: 33256266 PMCID: PMC7729940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway serves as an important downstream mediator for a variety of cytokines, hormones, and growth factors. Emerging evidence suggests JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in bone development, metabolism, and healing. In this light, pro-inflammatory cytokines are now clearly implicated in these processes as they can perturb normal bone remodeling through their action on osteoclasts and osteoblasts at both intra- and extra-articular skeletal sites. Here, we summarize the role of JAK/STAT pathway on development, homeostasis, and regeneration based on skeletal phenotype of individual JAK and STAT gene knockout models and selective inhibition of components of the JAK/STAT signaling including influences of JAK inhibition in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Damerau
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Ohrndorf
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
| | - Paula Hoff
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.D.); (S.O.); (P.H.)
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Endokrinologikum Berlin am Gendarmenmarkt, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Sims NA. The JAK1/STAT3/SOCS3 axis in bone development, physiology, and pathology. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1185-1197. [PMID: 32788655 PMCID: PMC8080635 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone growth and the maintenance of bone structure are controlled by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including cytokines expressed locally within the bone microenvironment and those that are elevated, both locally and systemically, under inflammatory conditions. This review focuses on those bone-active cytokines that initiate JAK–STAT signaling, and outlines the discoveries made from studying skeletal defects caused by induced or spontaneous modifications in this pathway. Specifically, this review describes defects in JAK1, STAT3, and SOCS3 signaling in mouse models and in humans, including mutations designed to modify these pathways downstream of the gp130 coreceptor. It is shown that osteoclast formation is generally stimulated indirectly by these pathways through JAK1 and STAT3 actions in inflammatory and other accessory cells, including osteoblasts. In addition, in bone remodeling, osteoblast differentiation is increased secondary to stimulated osteoclast formation through an IL-6-dependent pathway. In growth plate chondrocytes, STAT3 signaling promotes the normal differentiation process that leads to bone lengthening. Within the osteoblast lineage, STAT3 signaling promotes bone formation in normal physiology and in response to mechanical loading through direct signaling in osteocytes. This activity, particularly that of the IL-6/gp130 family of cytokines, must be suppressed by SOCS3 for the normal formation of cortical bone. Maintaining normal bone structure and strength depends on a group of signaling proteins called cytokines that bind to receptor molecules on cell surfaces. Natalie Sims at St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne in Australia reviews the role of cytokines in a specific signaling pathway in bone development and disease. Two of the proteins in this pathway respond to cytokine activity, whereas the third inhibits the cytokines’ effects. Studies in mice and humans have identified links between specific bone defects and spontaneous or experimentally induced mutations in the genes that code for the three proteins. The review covers the significance of recent findings to several types of cells that form new bone, degrade bone as part of normal bone turnover, and sustain the structure of bone and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Gotthardt D, Trifinopoulos J, Sexl V, Putz EM. JAK/STAT Cytokine Signaling at the Crossroad of NK Cell Development and Maturation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2590. [PMID: 31781102 PMCID: PMC6861185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system and play a critical role in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses. NK cells develop in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) to NK lineage-restricted progenitors (NKPs). The orchestrated action of multiple cytokines is crucial for NK cell development and maturation. Many of these cytokines such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-27, and interferons (IFNs) signal via the Janus Kinase / Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. We here review the current knowledge about these cytokines and the downstream signaling involved in the development and maturation of conventional NK cells and their close relatives, innate lymphoid cells type 1 (ILC1). We further discuss the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in NK cells and highlight their potential for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Gotthardt
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Trifinopoulos
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Putz
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
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14
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Izquierdo AG, Crujeiras AB, Casanueva FF, Carreira MC. Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance: Where Are We 25 Years Later? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112704. [PMID: 31717265 PMCID: PMC6893721 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone that is capable of effectively reducing food intake and body weight, was initially considered for use in the treatment of obesity. However, obese subjects have since been found to have high levels of circulating leptin and to be insensitive to the exogenous administration of leptin. The inability of leptin to exert its anorexigenic effects in obese individuals, and therefore, the lack of clinical utility of leptin in obesity, is defined as leptin resistance. This phenomenon has not yet been adequately characterized. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin resistance is of vital importance for the application of leptin as an effective treatment for obesity. Leptin must cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the hypothalamus and exert its anorexigenic functions. The mechanisms involved in leptin transportation across the blood–brain barrier continue to be unclear, thereby preventing the clinical application of leptin in the treatment of obesity. In recent years, new strategies have been developed to recover the response to leptin in obesity. We have summarized these strategies in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Izquierdo
- Laboratory of Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.I.); (A.B.C.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.I.); (A.B.C.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinolgy, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.F.C.); (M.C.C.); Tel.: +34-9-8195-6189 (F.F.C.); +34-9-8195-6189 (M.C.C.)
| | - Marcos C. Carreira
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.F.C.); (M.C.C.); Tel.: +34-9-8195-6189 (F.F.C.); +34-9-8195-6189 (M.C.C.)
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15
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Wang B, Wangkahart E, Secombes CJ, Wang T. Insights into the Evolution of the Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Gene Family in Vertebrates. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:393-411. [PMID: 30521052 PMCID: PMC6368001 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOCS family are key negative regulators of cytokine and growth factor signaling. Typically, 8-17 SOCS genes are present in vertebrate species with eight known in mammals, classified as type I (SOCS4-7) and type II (CISH and SOCS1-3) SOCS. It was believed that the type II SOCS were expanded through the two rounds of whole genome duplication (1R and 2R WGDs) from a single CISH/SOCS1-3 precursor. Previously, 12 genes were identified in rainbow trout but here we report 15 additional loci are present, and confirm 26 of the genes are expressed, giving rainbow trout the largest SOCS gene repertoire identified to date. The discovery of the additional SOCS genes in trout has led to a novel model of SOCS family evolution, whereby the vertebrate SOCS gene family was derived from CISH/SOCS2, SOCS1/SOCS3, SOCS4/5, SOCS6, and SOCS7 ancestors likely present before the two WGD events. It is also apparent that teleost SOCS2b, SOCS4, and SOCS5b molecules are not true orthologues of mammalian SOCS2, SOCS4, and SOCS5, respectively. The rate of SOCS gene structural changes increased from 2R vertebrates, to 4R rainbow trout, and the genes with structural changes show large differences and low correlation coefficient of expression levels relative to their paralogues, suggesting a role of structural changes in expression and functional diversification. This study has important impacts in the functional prediction and understanding of the SOCS gene family in different vertebrates, and provides a framework for determining how many SOCS genes could be expected in a particular vertebrate species/lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China.,Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Research Unit of Excellence for Tropical Fisheries and Technology, Division of Fisheries, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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16
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Khan MGM, Ghosh A, Variya B, Santharam MA, Kandhi R, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. Hepatocyte growth control by SOCS1 and SOCS3. Cytokine 2019; 121:154733. [PMID: 31154249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary capacity of the liver to regenerate following injury is dependent on coordinated and regulated actions of cytokines and growth factors. Whereas hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are direct mitogens to hepatocytes, inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6 also play essential roles in the liver regeneration process. These cytokines and growth factors activate different signaling pathways in a sequential manner to elicit hepatocyte proliferation. The kinetics and magnitude of these hepatocyte-activating stimuli are tightly regulated to ensure restoration of a functional liver mass without causing uncontrolled cell proliferation. Hepatocyte proliferation can become deregulated under conditions of chronic inflammation, leading to accumulation of genetic aberrations and eventual neoplastic transformation. Among the control mechanisms that regulate hepatocyte proliferation, negative feedback inhibition by the 'suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)' family proteins SOCS1 and SOCS3 play crucial roles in attenuating cytokine and growth factor signaling. Loss of SOCS1 or SOCS3 in the mouse liver increases the rate of liver regeneration and renders hepatocytes susceptible to neoplastic transformation. The frequent epigenetic repression of the SOCS1 and SOCS3 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma has stimulated research in understanding the growth regulatory mechanisms of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in hepatocytes. Whereas SOCS3 is implicated in regulating JAK-STAT signaling induced by IL-6 and attenuating EGFR signaling, SOCS1 is crucial for the regulation of HGF signaling. These two proteins also module the functions of certain key proteins that control the cell cycle. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the functions of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in controlling hepatocyte proliferation, and its implications to liver health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Gulam Musawwir Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Bhavesh Variya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Madanraj Appiya Santharam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Rajani Kandhi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.
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17
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Alston CI, Dix RD. SOCS and Herpesviruses, With Emphasis on Cytomegalovirus Retinitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:732. [PMID: 31031749 PMCID: PMC6470272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins provide selective negative feedback to prevent pathogeneses caused by overstimulation of the immune system. Of the eight known SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the best studied, and systemic deletion of either gene causes early lethality in mice. Many viruses, including herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus, can manipulate expression of these host proteins, with overstimulation of SOCS1 and/or SOCS3 putatively facilitating viral evasion of immune surveillance, and SOCS suppression generally exacerbating immunopathogenesis. This is particularly poignant within the eye, which contains a diverse assortment of specialized cell types working together in a tightly controlled microenvironment of immune privilege. When the immune privilege of the ocular compartment fails, inflammation causing severe immunopathogenesis and permanent, sight-threatening damage may occur, as in the case of AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) retinitis. Herein we review how SOCS1 and SOCS3 impact the virologic, immunologic, and/or pathologic outcomes of herpesvirus infection with particular emphasis on retinitis caused by HCMV or its mouse model experimental counterpart, murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). The accumulated data suggests that SOCS1 and/or SOCS3 can differentially affect the severity of viral diseases in a highly cell-type-specific manner, reflecting the diversity and complexity of herpesvirus infection and the ocular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine I Alston
- Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Richard D Dix
- Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Obesity-Induced TNFα and IL-6 Signaling: The Missing Link between Obesity and Inflammation-Driven Liver and Colorectal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010024. [PMID: 30591653 PMCID: PMC6356226 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes the development of numerous cancers, such as liver and colorectal cancers, which is at least partly due to obesity-induced, chronic, low-grade inflammation. In particular, the recruitment and activation of immune cell subsets in the white adipose tissue systemically increase proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These proinflammatory cytokines not only impair insulin action in metabolic tissues, but also favor cancer development. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on how obesity affects inflammatory TNFα and IL-6 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancers.
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Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 Are Stimulated within the Eye during Experimental Murine Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Mice with Retrovirus-Induced Immunosuppression. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00526-18. [PMID: 29976680 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00526-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus retinitis remains the leading cause of blindness among untreated HIV/AIDS patients worldwide. To study mechanisms of this disease, we used a clinically relevant animal model of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) retinitis with retrovirus-induced murine AIDS (MAIDS) that mimics the progression of AIDS in humans. We found in this model that MCMV infection significantly stimulates ocular suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3, host proteins which hinder immune-related signaling by cytokines, including antiviral type I and type II interferons. The present study demonstrates that in the absence of retinal disease, systemic MCMV infection of mice without MAIDS, but not in mice with MAIDS, leads to mild stimulation of splenic SOCS1 mRNA. In sharp contrast, when MCMV is directly inoculated into the eyes of retinitis-susceptible MAIDS mice, high levels of intraocular SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA and protein are produced which are associated with significant intraocular upregulation of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression. We also show that infiltrating macrophages, granulocytes, and resident retinal cells are sources of intraocular SOCS1 and SOCS3 protein production during development of MAIDS-related MCMV retinitis, and SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA transcripts are detected in retinal areas histologically characteristic of MCMV retinitis. Furthermore, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are found in both MCMV-infected cells and uninfected cells, suggesting that these SOCS proteins are stimulated via a bystander mechanism during MCMV retinitis. Taken together, our findings suggest a role for MCMV-related stimulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the progression of retinal disease during ocular, but not systemic, MCMV infection.IMPORTANCE Cytomegalovirus infection frequently causes blindness in untreated HIV/AIDS patients. This virus manipulates host cells to dysregulate immune functions and drive disease. Here, we use an animal model of this disease to demonstrate that cytomegalovirus infection within eyes during retinitis causes massive upregulation of immunosuppressive host proteins called SOCS. As viral overexpression of SOCS proteins exacerbates infection with other viruses, they may also enhance cytomegalovirus infection. Alternatively, the immunosuppressive effect of SOCS proteins may be protective against immunopathology during cytomegalovirus retinitis, and in such a case SOCS mimetics or overexpression treatment strategies might be used to combat this disease. The results of this work therefore provide crucial basic knowledge that contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis and, together with future studies, may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic targets that could improve the treatment or management of this sight-threatening disease.
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Abstract
The development and activity of our immune system are largely controlled by the action of pleiotropic cytokines and growth factors, small secreted proteins, which bind to receptors on the surface of immune cells to initiate an appropriate physiological response. Cytokine signalling is predominantly executed by intracellular proteins known as the Janus kinases (JAKs) and the signal transducers and activators of transcriptions (STATs). Although the 'nuts and bolts' of cytokine-activated pathways have been well established, the nuanced way in which distinct cellular outcomes are achieved and the precise molecular details of the proteins that regulate these pathways are still being elucidated. This is highlighted by the intricate role of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins. The SOCS proteins act as negative feedback inhibitors, dampening specific cytokine signals to prevent excessive cellular responses and returning the cell to a homeostatic state. A great deal of study has demonstrated their ability to inhibit these pathways at the receptor complex, either through direct inhibition of JAK activity or by targeting the receptor complex for proteasomal degradation. Detailed analysis of individual SOCS proteins is slowly revealing the complex and highly controlled manner by which they can achieve specificity for distinct substrates. However, for many of the SOCS, a level of detail is still lacking, including confident identification of the full suite of tyrosine phosphorylated targets of their SH2 domain. This review will highlight the general mechanisms which govern SOCS specificity of action and discuss the similarities and differences between selected SOCS proteins, focusing on CIS, SOCS1 and SOCS3. Because of the functional and sequence similarities within the SOCS family, we will also discuss the evidence for functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond M Linossi
- a Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Dale J Calleja
- a Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- a Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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22
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Nicholson SE, Keating N, Belz GT. Natural killer cells and anti-tumor immunity. Mol Immunol 2017; 110:40-47. [PMID: 29233542 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors harness the power of the immune system to fight cancer. The clinical success achieved with antibodies against the inhibitory T cell receptors PD-1 and CTLA4 has focused attention on the possibility of manipulating other immune cells, in particular those involved in innate immunity. Here we review the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and their contribution to tumor immunity. As the prototypical ILC, the natural killer (NK) cell has an intrinsic ability to detect and kill cancer cells. NK cells are dependent on the cytokine interleukin (IL)-15 for their development and effector activity. We discuss the role of the Suppressor of cytokine (SOCS) proteins in negatively regulating IL-15 and NK cell responses and the potential for targeting these small intracellular regulators as new immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Nicholson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
| | - Narelle Keating
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
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Kim E, Cheng Y, Bolton-Gillespie E, Cai X, Ma C, Tarangelo A, Le L, Jambhekar M, Raman P, Hayer KE, Wertheim G, Speck NA, Tong W, Viatour P. Rb family proteins enforce the homeostasis of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells by repressing Socs3 expression. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1901-1912. [PMID: 28550162 PMCID: PMC5502420 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating the homeostasis of HSCs remain poorly understood. Here, Kim et al. identify the Rb/E2f module as a central molecular hub in the regulation of cell cycle and homeostasis in HSCs. This mechanism drives the enforced differentiation of proliferative HSCs to avoid their unnecessary accumulation. Prolonged exit from quiescence by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) progressively impairs their homeostasis in the bone marrow through an unidentified mechanism. We show that Rb proteins, which are major enforcers of quiescence, maintain HSC homeostasis by positively regulating thrombopoietin (Tpo)-mediated Jak2 signaling. Rb family protein inactivation triggers the progressive E2f-mediated transactivation of Socs3, a potent inhibitor of Jak2 signaling, in cycling HSCs. Aberrant activation of Socs3 impairs Tpo signaling and leads to impaired HSC homeostasis. Therefore, Rb proteins act as a central hub of quiescence and homeostasis by coordinating the regulation of both cell cycle and Jak2 signaling in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Kim
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ying Cheng
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Xiongwei Cai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Connie Ma
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy Tarangelo
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Linh Le
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madhumita Jambhekar
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pichai Raman
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katharina E Hayer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gerald Wertheim
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wei Tong
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Patrick Viatour
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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A missense mutation in zbtb17 blocks the earliest steps of T cell differentiation in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44145. [PMID: 28266617 PMCID: PMC5339814 DOI: 10.1038/srep44145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are an evolutionarily conserved feature of the adaptive immune systems of vertebrates. Comparative studies using evolutionarily distant species hold great promise for unraveling the genetic landscape underlying this process. To this end, we used ENU mutagenesis to generate mutant zebrafish with specific aberrations in early T cell development. Here, we describe the identification of a recessive missense mutation in the transcriptional regulator zbtb17 (Q562K), which affects the ninth zinc finger module of the protein. Homozygous mutant fish exhibit an early block of intrathymic T cell development, as a result of impaired thymus colonization owing to reduced expression of the gene encoding the homing receptor ccr9a, and inefficient T cell differentiation owing to reduced expression of socs1a. Our results reveal the zbtb17-socs1 axis as an evolutionarily conserved central regulatory module of early T cell development of vertebrates.
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Folic Acid Is Able to Polarize the Inflammatory Response in LPS Activated Microglia by Regulating Multiple Signaling Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5240127. [PMID: 27738387 PMCID: PMC5055986 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5240127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ability of folic acid to modulate the inflammatory responses of LPS activated BV-2 microglia cells and the signal transduction pathways involved. To this aim, the BV-2 cell line was exposed to LPS as a proinflammatory response inducer, in presence or absence of various concentrations of folic acid. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by the Griess test. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS), nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, MAPKs protein, and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 were analyzed by western blotting. TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as iNOS dependent NO production, resulted significantly inhibited by folic acid pretreatment in LPS-activated BV-2 cells. We also observed that folic acid dose-dependently upregulated both SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression in BV-2 cells, leading to an increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Finally, p-IκBα, which indirectly reflects NF-κB complex activation, and JNK phosphorylation resulted dose-dependently downregulated by folic acid pretreatment of LPS-activated cells, whereas p38 MAPK phosphorylation resulted significantly upregulated by folic acid treatment. Overall, these results demonstrated that folic acid was able to modulate the inflammatory response in microglia cells, shifting proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory responses through regulating multiple signaling pathways.
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Liu YX, Wang L, Liu WJ, Zhang HT, Xue JH, Zhang ZW, Gao CJ. MiR-124-3p/B4GALT1 axis plays an important role in SOCS3-regulated growth and chemo-sensitivity of CML. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:69. [PMID: 27516205 PMCID: PMC4982324 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal expression of SOCS3 has been implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms, but the role of SOCS3 in the pathogenesis of leukemia remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the function of SOCS3 in the growth and chemo-sensitivity of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and explored the involved mechanisms. METHODS Expression levels of SOCS3 in several leukemia cell lines and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) from CML patients were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting (WB). The roles of SOCS3 in the proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance of CML cells were examined by clonogenic progenitor cell assay, flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assay. A detailed analysis of the underlying mechanism of SOCS3 in K562 cells was performed using the Human HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip, which has more than 48000 gene probes including 600 microRNAs (miRNA) probes. The correlation between the mRNA expression of SOCS3 and miR-124-3p in BMNCs from 30 CML patients was tested by qPCR and analyzed by Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis. The potential target of miR-124-3p in CML cells was explored using the luciferase reporter assay, qPCR, and WB. The effect of SOCS3 on the miR-124-3p/B4GALT1 axis was investigated by qPCR, WB, CCK-8 assay, and tumorigenicity assays in nude mice. RESULTS SOCS3 was down-regulated in CML cell lines and most of BMNCs from CML patients, and the expression level of SOCS3 was associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and drug resistance of CML cells. Over-expression of SOCS3 in K562 cells inhibited the expression of leukemia-specific genes and promoted the expression of some miRNAs, among which miR-124-3p was the highest. SOCS3 over-expression enhanced the expression of miR-124-3p and vice versa. The mRNA expression of miR-124-3p and SOCS3 in BMNCs from 30 CML patients was positively correlated. Consistently, the tumor suppressing effects of SOCS3 were partially neutralized by the miR-124-3p inhibitor. B4GALT1 was downstream of miR-124-3p and regulated by SOCS3/miR-124-3p in vitro. Furthermore, SOCS3 over-expression could inhibit the growth and B4GALT expression of K562 cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SOCS3/miR-124-3p/B4GALT1 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fushi Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Laoshan Branch, No. 401, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jia Liu
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fushi Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hui Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fushi Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fushi Road, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ji Gao
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Li Y, Kinzenbaw DA, Modrick ML, Pewe LL, Faraci FM. Context-dependent effects of SOCS3 in angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction and hypertension in mice: mechanisms and role of bone marrow-derived cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H146-56. [PMID: 27106041 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00204.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotid artery disease is a major contributor to stroke and cognitive deficits. Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes vascular dysfunction and disease through mechanisms that include the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Here, we investigated the importance of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in models of Ang II-induced vascular dysfunction. We examined direct effects of Ang II on carotid arteries from SOCS3-deficient (SOCS3(+/-)) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates using organ culture and then tested endothelial function with acetylcholine (ACh). A low concentration of Ang II (1 nmol/l) did not affect ACh-induced vasodilation in WT but reduced that of SOCS3(+/-) mice by ∼50% (P < 0.05). In relation to mechanisms, effects of Ang II in SOCS3(+/-) mice were prevented by inhibitors of STAT3, IL-6, NF-κB, or superoxide. Systemic Ang II (1.4 mg/kg per day for 14 days) also reduced vasodilation to ACh in WT. Surprisingly, SOCS3 deficiency prevented most of the endothelial dysfunction. To examine potential underlying mechanisms, we performed bone marrow transplantation. WT mice reconstituted with SOCS3(+/-) bone marrow were protected from Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction, whereas reconstitution of SOCS3(+/-) mice with WT bone marrow exacerbated Ang II-induced effects. The SOCS3 genotype of bone marrow-derived cells did not influence direct effects of Ang II on vascular function. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the influence of SOCS3 on the vasculature, including divergent effects depending on the source of Ang II. Bone marrow-derived cells deficient in SOCS3 protect against systemic Ang II-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dale A Kinzenbaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mary L Modrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lecia L Pewe
- Department of Microbiology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Department of Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa
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28
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McCormick SM, Heller NM. Regulation of Macrophage, Dendritic Cell, and Microglial Phenotype and Function by the SOCS Proteins. Front Immunol 2015; 6:549. [PMID: 26579124 PMCID: PMC4621458 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells of dynamic phenotype that rapidly respond to external stimuli in the microenvironment by altering their phenotype to respond to and to direct the immune response. The ability to dynamically change phenotype must be carefully regulated to prevent uncontrolled inflammatory responses and subsequently to promote resolution of inflammation. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins play a key role in regulating macrophage phenotype. In this review, we summarize research to date from mouse and human studies on the role of the SOCS proteins in determining the phenotype and function of macrophages. We will also touch on the influence of the SOCS on dendritic cell (DC) and microglial phenotype and function. The molecular mechanisms of SOCS function in macrophages and DCs are discussed, along with how dysregulation of SOCS expression or function can lead to alterations in macrophage/DC/microglial phenotype and function and to disease. Regulation of SOCS expression by microRNA is discussed. Novel therapies and unanswered questions with regard to SOCS regulation of monocyte-macrophage phenotype and function are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McCormick
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Sun Y, Ju M, Lin Z, Fredrick TW, Evans LP, Tian KT, Saba NJ, Morss PC, Pu WT, Chen J, Stahl A, Joyal JS, Smith LEH. SOCS3 in retinal neurons and glial cells suppresses VEGF signaling to prevent pathological neovascular growth. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra94. [PMID: 26396267 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa8695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurons and glial cells in the retina contribute to neovascularization, or the formation of abnormal new blood vessels, in proliferative retinopathy, a condition that can lead to vision loss or blindness. We identified a mechanism by which suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in neurons and glial cells prevents neovascularization. We found that Socs3 expression was increased in the retinal ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers after oxygen-induced retinopathy. Mice with Socs3 deficiency in neuronal and glial cells had substantially reduced vaso-obliterated retinal areas and increased pathological retinal neovascularization in response to oxygen-induced retinopathy, suggesting that loss of neuronal/glial SOCS3 increased both retinal vascular regrowth and pathological neovascularization. Furthermore, retinal expression of Vegfa (which encodes vascular endothelial growth factor A) was higher in these mice than in Socs3 flox/flox controls, indicating that neuronal and glial SOCS3 suppressed Vegfa expression during pathological conditions. Lack of neuronal and glial SOCS3 resulted in greater phosphorylation and activation of STAT3, which led to increased expression of its gene target Vegfa, and increased endothelial cell proliferation. In summary, SOCS3 in neurons and glial cells inhibited the STAT3-mediated secretion of VEGF from these cells, which suppresses endothelial cell activation, resulting in decreased endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. These results suggest that neuronal and glial cell SOCS3 limits pathological retinal angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meihua Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas W Fredrick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucy P Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine T Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas J Saba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peyton C Morss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- University Eye Hospital Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T1C4, Canada
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Liu YX, Dong X, Gong F, Su N, Li SB, Zhang HT, Liu JL, Xue JH, Ji SP, Zhang Z. Promotion of Erythropoietic Differentiation in Hematopoietic Stem Cells by SOCS3 Knock-Down. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135259. [PMID: 26252772 PMCID: PMC4529111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) plays an important role in mice fetal liver erythropoiesis, but the roles of SOCS3 in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have not been well investigated. In the present study, lentiviral small interference RNA expression vectors (shRNA) of SOCS3 were constructed and stably transferred into HSCs. We found that SOCS3 knockdown induced erythroid expansion in HSCs. Conversely, Ectopic expression of SOCS3 in progenitor cells blocked erythroid expansion and erythroid colony formation of HSCs. To further explore the involved mechanism, we compared gene expression profiles of SOCS3-shRNA tranduced HSCs with that of control HSCs by whole genome microarrays. The results indicated that cell developmental process related genes, especially hematopoietic lineage-specific genes, associated with the responses to SOCS3 in HSCs.Downexpression of SOCS3 in HSCs or differentiated erythroid progenitor cells induced a transcriptional program enriched for erythroid development relative genes. Our results proved that SOCS3 down-expression induced lineage commitment towards erythroid progenitor cell fate by activation of erythroid-specific gene in HSCs and provided new insight into the mechanism of erythropoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xiao Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Dong
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gong
- Beijing Institution of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Su
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su-bo Li
- Beijing Institution of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-tao Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-ling Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-hui Xue
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JHX); (SPJ); (ZWZ)
| | - Shou-ping Ji
- Beijing Institution of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JHX); (SPJ); (ZWZ)
| | - Zhi–wen Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JHX); (SPJ); (ZWZ)
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Abstract
Three classes of E3 ubiquitin ligases, members of the Cbl, Hakai, and SOCS-Cul5-RING ligase families, stimulate the ubiquitination of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, including receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and their phosphorylated substrates. Because ubiquitination frequently routes proteins for degradation by the lysosome or proteasome, these E3 ligases are able to potently inhibit tyrosine kinase signaling. Their loss or mutational inactivation can contribute to cancer, autoimmunity, or endocrine disorders, such as diabetes. However, these ligases also have biological functions that are independent of their ubiquitination activity. Here we review relevant literature and then focus on more-recent developments in understanding the structures, substrates, and pathways through which the phosphotyrosine-specific ubiquitin ligases regulate diverse aspects of cell biology.
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Rottenberg ME, Carow B. SOCS3 and STAT3, major controllers of the outcome of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:518-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 are upregulated in brain resident cells in response to virus-induced inflammation of the central nervous system via at least two distinctive pathways. J Virol 2014; 88:14090-104. [PMID: 25253351 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01346-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are intracellular proteins that inhibit cytokine signaling in a variety of cell types. A number of viral infections have been associated with SOCS upregulation; however, not much is known about the mechanisms regulating SOCS expression during viral infection. In this study, we used two pathologically distinct intracerebral (i.c.) infection models to characterize temporal and spatial aspects of SOCS expression in the virus-infected central nervous system (CNS), and by employing various knockout mouse models, we sought to identify regulatory mechanisms that may underlie a virus induced upregulation of SOCS in the CNS. We found that i.c. infection with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or yellow fever virus (YF) results in gradual upregulation of SOCS1/3 mRNA expression peaking at day 7 postinfection (p.i.). In the LCMV model, SOCS mRNA was expressed in brain resident cells, including astrocytes and some neurons, and for SOCS1 in particular this upregulation was almost entirely mediated by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) produced by infiltrating T cells. After infection with YF, we also found SOCS expression to be upregulated in brain resident cells with a peak on day 7 p.i., but in this model, the upregulation was only partially dependent on IFN-γ and T cells, indicating that at least one other mediator was involved in the upregulation of SOCS following YF infection. We conclude that virus-induced inflammation of the CNS is associated with upregulation of SOCS1/3 mRNA expression in brain resident cells and that at least two distinctive pathways can lead to this upregulation. IMPORTANCE In the present report, we have studied the induction of SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression in the context of virus-induced CNS infection. We found that both a noncytolytic and a cytolytic virus induce marked upregulation of SOCS1 and -3 expression. Notably, the kinetics of the observed upregulation follows that of activity within proinflammatory signaling pathways and, interestingly, type II interferon (IFN), which is also a key inducer of inflammatory mediators, seems to be essential in initiating this counterinflammatory response. Another key observation is that not only cells of the immune system but also CNS resident cells are actively involved in both the pro- and the counterinflammatory immune circuits; thus, for example, astrocytes upregulate both C-X-C-motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and SOCS when exposed to type II IFN in vivo.
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Nam KW, Chae S, Song HY, Mar W, Han MD. The role of wogonin in controlling SOCS3 expression in neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1518-24. [PMID: 25035930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the wogonin-mediated increase in the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is unclear. Promoter deletion assay results revealed that wogonin-induced SOCS3 expression is dependent on the AP-1 consensus sequences and two STAT responsive elements (TTACAAGAA and TTCCAGGAA) in the 5'-flanking region of the SOCS3 gene in SH-SY5Y cells. Wogonin-induced SOCS3 expression was blocked by inhibitors of PI3K, Akt, Raf, p38, JNK, MEK, and STAT3, respectively. However, JAK2 inhibitors did not inhibit wogonin-induced SOCS3 expression. These results indicate that SOCS3-inducing effect of wogonin is caused by the activation of PI3K-mediated MAPK signaling pathways (Akt, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), and the subsequent activation of AP-1 consensus sequences and STAT responsive elements in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Quality Control Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 488 Expo, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 330-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongchon Mar
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Deuk Han
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Four CISH paralogues are present in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: differential expression and modulation during immune responses and development. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:186-98. [PMID: 25014904 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family members are crucial in the control and attenuation of cytokine induced responses via activation of the JAK/STAT, TLR and NF-kB signalling pathways. SOCS proteins orchestrate the termination of many types of immune responses and are often the targets of microbial pathogens exploiting SOCS mechanisms to evade the host's immune response. Through whole and lineage specific genome duplication events, the teleost cytokine/SOCS network is complex. Not only are the orthologues of all mammalian SOCS members present, namely cytokine inducible Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein (CISH) and SOCS-1 to -7, but multiple gene copies exist that may potentially become functionally divergent. In this paper we focus on the CISH genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and have cloned two further paralogues, CISHa2 and CISHb2, additional to the known CISHa1 and CISHb1 genes. We present for the first time a comparative expression analysis of these four paralogues, to establish whether subfunctionalisation is apparent. In vivo examination of gene expression revealed a higher constitutive expression level of CISHa paralogues compared to CISHb expression in adult trout tissues. All CISHs were relatively highly abundant in immune tissues but CISHa2 and CISHb2 had highest expression in the heart and muscle. An inverse picture of CISH abundance during trout ontogeny was seen, and further hints at differential roles of the four genes in immune regulation and development. Stimulation of head kidney (HK) leukocytes with trout recombinant interleukin (rIL)-15 and rIL-21 had a major effect on CISHa2 and to a lesser extent CISHa1 expression. In HK macrophages rIL-1β, phytohemagglutinin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also had a strong impact on CISHa2 expression. Yersinia ruckeri infection caused a temporally and spatially differential onset of CISH expression that may be viewed in the context of pathogen evasion strategies. These data, against the backdrop of fish specific whole genome duplication events and functional divergence, provide the first evidence for differential roles of the four trout CISH genes in immune control and development.
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36
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Wunderlich CM, Hövelmeyer N, Wunderlich FT. Mechanisms of chronic JAK-STAT3-SOCS3 signaling in obesity. JAKSTAT 2014; 2:e23878. [PMID: 24058813 PMCID: PMC3710326 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.23878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways are critical for the maintenance of homeostatic and developmental processes; however, deregulation and chronic activation of JAK-STAT3 results in numerous diseases. Among others, obesity is currently being intensively studied. In obesity, chronic JAK-STAT3 is activated by the CNS by increased circulating leptin levels leading to the development of leptin resistance, whereas in the peripheral organs chronic IL-6-induced JAK-STAT3 impairs insulin action. We report the consequences of chronic JAK-STAT3 induced signaling as present under obese conditions in the main metabolic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research; Institute for Genetics; University of Cologne and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Cologne, Germany
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37
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Abstract
The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins are cytokine-inducible inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of the transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Among the family, SOCS1 and SOCS3 potently suppress cytokine actions by inhibiting JAK kinase activities. The generation of mice lacking individual SOCS genes has been instrumental in defining the role of individual SOCS proteins in specific cytokine pathways in vivo; SOCS1 is an essential negative regulator of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and SOCS3 is an essential negative regulator of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). JAK-STAT3 activating cytokines have exhibited cardioprotective roles in the heart. The cardiac-specific deletion of SOCS3 enhances the activation of cardioprotective signaling pathways, inhibits myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis and results in the inhibition of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We propose that myocardial SOCS3 is a key determinant of left ventricular remodeling after MI, and SOCS3 may serve as a novel therapeutic target to prevent left ventricular remodeling after MI. In this review, we discuss the signaling pathways mediated by JAK-STAT and SOCS proteins and their roles in the development of myocardial injury under stress (e.g., pressure overload, viral infection and ischemia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Yasukawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume, Japan ; Cardiovascular Research Institute; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume, Japan
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38
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Liu Z, Gan L, Yang X, Zhang Z, Sun C. Hydrodynamic tail vein injection of SOCS3 eukaryotic expression vector in vivo promoted liver lipid metabolism and hepatocyte apoptosis in mouse. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:119-25. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a signal transduction cytokine, is involved in lipid metabolism as well as in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and so on. To explore the effects of SOCS3 on apoptosis and lipid metabolism in liver, we used a simple effective method named hydrodynamic tail vein injection to overexpress SOCS3. Then orbital blood was obtained for the assessment of blood lipid after injection. Lipid metabolism related genes were detected by Western blot after the determination of serum lipids. Meanwhile, liver cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst and TUNEL staining and the expression of apoptosis related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase3 were detected as well as the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, we also demonstrated the effect of SOCS3 in prime hepatocyte by overexpression or interference of SOCS3 along with SD1008, which is a specific inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, all the results indicated that SOCS3 promoted lipid synthesis in mice liver and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, however the detailed regulation mechanism had not yet been fully understood and needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
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39
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The role of suppressors of cytokine signalling in human neoplasms. Mol Biol Int 2014; 2014:630797. [PMID: 24757565 PMCID: PMC3976820 DOI: 10.1155/2014/630797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signalling 1-7 (SOCS1-7) and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) are a group of intracellular proteins that are well known as JAK-STAT and several other signalling pathways negative feedback regulators. More recently several members have been identified as tumour suppressors and dysregulation of their biological roles in controlling cytokine and growth factor signalling may contribute to the development of many solid organ and haematological malignancies. This review explores their biological functions and their possible tumour suppressing role in human neoplasms.
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40
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Carow B, Rottenberg ME. SOCS3, a Major Regulator of Infection and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:58. [PMID: 24600449 PMCID: PMC3928676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in modulating the outcome of infections and autoimmune diseases as well as the underlying mechanisms. SOCS3 regulates cytokine or hormone signaling usually preventing, but in some cases aggravating, a variety of diseases. A main role of SOCS3 results from its binding to both the JAK kinase and the cytokine receptor, which results in the inhibition of STAT3 activation. Available data also indicate that SOCS3 can regulate signaling via other STATs than STAT3 and also controls cellular pathways unrelated to STAT activation. SOCS3 might either act directly by hampering JAK activation or by mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation of the cytokine/growth factor/hormone receptor. Inflammation and infection stimulate SOCS3 expression in different myeloid and lymphoid cell populations as well as in diverse non-hematopoietic cells. The accumulated data suggest a relevant program coordinated by SOCS3 in different cell populations, devoted to the control of immune homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions such as infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Carow
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Martin E Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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41
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Nasreen N, Gonzalves L, Peruvemba S, Mohammed KA. Fluticasone furoate is more effective than mometasone furoate in restoring tobacco smoke inhibited SOCS-3 expression in airway epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:153-60. [PMID: 24434372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluticasone furoate (FF) and mometasone furoate (MF) are potent glucocorticoids recommended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory diseases. However, whether these drugs render any anti-inflammatory effects in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is unclear. Emerging data on suppressors of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) activation in the lungs during inflammation suggests that SOCS3 can be potential targets for regulating pulmonary inflammatory responses in COPD. In this study, we compared the effect of FF with MF on SOCS-3 expression in tobacco smoke (TS) exposed BAEpCs in vitro and in a mouse model of COPD in vivo. BAEpCs were exposed to TS or room air and later were treated with either FF (1nmol-100nmol) or MF (10-500nmol) inhibitors in the presence and absence of Jak1 and Stat-3 inhibitors. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to TS for 6 months, and treated with either FF, MF for 2 and 4 weeks. FF induced 7 fold increases in SOCS-3 expression in BAEpCs whereas MF induced a three fold increase when compared to control. Jak1 and Stat-3 inhibitors significantly inhibited the FF and MF induced SOCS-3 expression in BAEpCs. In addition, FF and MF restored TS inhibited SOCS-3 expression in the airway epithelium of COPD mice. FF and MF treatments significantly reduced leukocyte infiltration in airways and inhibited lung inflammation. Our study elucidates a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory action of FF in COPD. The superior efficacy of FF may be in part due to the increased expression of SOCS-3 in BAEpCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmunnisa Nasreen
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States; NF/SGVHS, Malcom Randal VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lixandra Gonzalves
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States
| | - Sriram Peruvemba
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States; NF/SGVHS, Malcom Randal VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kamal A Mohammed
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States; NF/SGVHS, Malcom Randal VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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42
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Protective role of JAK/STAT signaling against renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Clin Immunol 2013; 150:78-87. [PMID: 24333535 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in renal fibrosis, a final common pathway for kidney diseases. To clarify how JAK/STAT/SOCS system was involved in renal fibrosis, UUO was induced in BALB/c or SOCS3(+/-) mice in the presence or absence of JAK inhibitor-incorporated nanoparticle (pyridine6-PGLA). UUO increased pSTAT3 and subsequently elevated SOCS3 levels in the obstructed kidneys. pSTAT3 levels were further increased in SOCS3(+/-) mice. UUO-induced renal fibrosis was markedly suppressed in SOCS3(+/-) mice, while it was aggravated by pre-treatment with pyridine6-PGLA. Although there were no differences in renal mRNA levels of TGF-β and collagens between wild and SOCS3(+/-) mice, MMP-2 activity was enhanced in SOCS3(+/-) UUO mice. Activated MMP-2 was completely suppressed by pyridine6-PGLA-pre-treatment. TNF-α one of JAK/STAT activators, increased pSTAT3 levels and subsequently induced MMP-2 activation in proximal tubular cells. These results suggest that JAK/STAT3 signaling may play a role in repair process of renal fibrosis in UUO partly via MMP-2 activation.
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43
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Springer J, Scholz FR, Peiser C, Dinh QT, Fischer A, Quarcoo D, Groneberg DA. Transcriptional down-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Occup Med Toxicol 2013; 8:29. [PMID: 24138793 PMCID: PMC4015747 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is a leading environmental factor in the initiation of respiratory diseases and causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and SOCS-3 has been shown to play an important role in the regulation, onset and maintenance of airway allergic inflammation indicating that SOCS-3 displays a potential therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory respiratory drugs development. Since chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is also characterized by inflammatory changes and airflow limitation, the present study assessed the transcriptional expression of SOCS-3 in COPD. METHODS Real-time PCR was performed to assess quantitative changes in bronchial biopsies of COPD patients in comparison to unaffected controls. RESULTS SOCS-3 was significantly down-regulated in COPD at the transcriptional level while SOCS-4 and SOCS-5 displayed no change. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the presently observed inhibition of SOCS-3 mRNA expression may be related to the dysbalance of cytokine signaling observed in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Springer
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Pneumology and Immunology, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
- Division of Applied Cachexia Research, Dept. of Medicine, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt-University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - Frank R Scholz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - Christian Peiser
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Pneumology and Immunology, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - Q Thai Dinh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Pneumology and Immunology, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - David Quarcoo
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
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44
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Carow B, Reuschl AK, Gavier-Widén D, Jenkins BJ, Ernst M, Yoshimura A, Chambers BJ, Rottenberg ME. Critical and independent role for SOCS3 in either myeloid or T cells in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003442. [PMID: 23853585 PMCID: PMC3701707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) negatively regulates STAT3 activation in response to several cytokines such as those in the gp130-containing IL-6 receptor family. Thus, SOCS3 may play a major role in immune responses to pathogens. In the present study, the role of SOCS3 in M. tuberculosis infection was examined. All Socs3(fl/fl) LysM cre, Socs3(fl/fl) lck cre (with SOCS3-deficient myeloid and lymphoid cells, respectively) and gp130(F/F) mice, with a mutation in gp130 that impedes binding to SOCS3, showed increased susceptibility to infection with M. tuberculosis. SOCS3 binding to gp130 in myeloid cells conveyed resistance to M. tuberculosis infection via the regulation of IL-6/STAT3 signalling. SOCS3 was redundant for mycobacterial control by macrophages in vitro. Instead, SOCS3 expression in infected macrophages and DCs prevented the IL-6-mediated inhibition of TNF and IL-12 secretion and contributed to a timely CD4+ cell-dependent IFN-γ expression in vivo. In T cells, SOCS3 expression was essential for a gp130-independent control of infection with M. tuberculosis, but was neither required for the control of infection with attenuated M. bovis BCG nor for M. tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated mice. Socs3(fl/fl) lck cre mice showed an increased frequency of γδ+ T cells in different organs and an enhanced secretion of IL-17 by γδ+ T cells in response to infection. Socs3(fl/fl) lck cre γδ+ T cells impaired the control of infection with M. tuberculosis. Thus, SOCS3 expression in either lymphoid or myeloid cells is essential for resistance against M. tuberculosis via discrete mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Carow
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Kathrin Reuschl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dolores Gavier-Widén
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brendan J. Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cell Signaling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Martin E. Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Suman P, Malhotra SS, Gupta SK. LIF-STAT signaling and trophoblast biology. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25155. [PMID: 24416645 PMCID: PMC3876431 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic growth factor that regulates several biological functions. This review focuses on the LIF-dependent STAT activation and its impact on modulation of trophoblast functions during embryo implantation. LIF is mainly produced by the maternal endometrium at the time of implantation while its receptors are present both on the endometrium and trophoblasts. It might influence blastocyst attachment through STAT3 activation and expression of integrins. After attachment of the blastocyst, trophoblasts undergo proliferation and differentiation into invasive EVTs and non-invasive STBs. Under in vitro conditions, LIF regulates all these processes through activation of STAT- and MAPK-dependent signaling pathways. The observations that LIF and STAT3 knockout mice are infertile further strengthen the notion about the critical involvement of LIF-mediated signaling during embryo implantation. Hence, a better understanding of LIF-STAT signaling would help in improving fertility as use of LIF in in vitro blastocyst culture improves the implanting ability of blastocyst after IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Suman
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Saryu Malhotra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
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White CA, Nicola NA. SOCS3: An essential physiological inhibitor of signaling by interleukin-6 and G-CSF family cytokines. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25045. [PMID: 24416642 PMCID: PMC3876435 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SOCS3 is an inducible negative feedback inhibitor of cytokine signaling. Conditional deletion of SOCS3 in mice using the Cre-lox system has now been applied to a range of cell types in the steady-state and under inflammatory, pathogenic, or tumorigenic stress, with the resulting phenotypes demonstrating the effects of SOCS3 in physiological and disease contexts. Together with recent structural and biochemical studies on the mechanisms of SOCS3 binding to cytokine receptors and associated kinases, we now have a better understanding of the non-redundant roles of SOCS3 in the inhibition of cytokine signaling via the receptors gp130, G-CSFR, leptinR, and IL-12Rβ. This review discusses the known functional activities of SOCS3 in fertility and development, inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, and malignancy as determined by genetic studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A White
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville, VIC Australia ; Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville, VIC Australia ; Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia
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Cycloheximide stimulates suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Toxicol Lett 2013; 217:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ye J, Zheng R, Wang Q, Liao L, Ying Y, Lu H, Cianflone K, Ning Q, Luo X. Downregulating SOCS3 with siRNA ameliorates insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in hepatocytes of IUGR rats with catch-up growth. Pediatr Res 2012; 72:550-9. [PMID: 23007031 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) who demonstrate a catch-up in body weight are prone to insulin resistance. High expressions of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) are thought to aggravate insulin resistance. We hypothesized that downregulating SOCS3 expression via small interfering RNA (siRNA) might have beneficial effects on insulin-resistant hepatocytes of catch-up growth IUGR rats (CG-IUGRs). METHODS An IUGR rat model was employed via maternal nutritional restriction. After evaluating metabolic states of CG-IUGR offspring, effective SOCS3-specific siRNA (siSOCS3) was transfected into cultured hepatocytes using liposomes. mRNA levels of SOCS3, insulin receptor substrates (IRSs), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt2, key gluconeogenesis genes, were assessed via real-time PCR. Protein expression and phosphorylation changes were evaluated via western blot. RESULTS CG-IUGR hepatocytes showed increases in SOCS3 and gluconeogenic gene expressions, and decreases in IRS1 and PI3K expressions as compared with controls. After transfecting CG-IUGR hepatocytes with siSOCS3, protein levels of IRS1, PI3K, and phosphorylated Akt2 were higher as compared with those of untransfected CG-IUGR cells. Transcriptional suppression effects of gluconeogenesis genes were more obvious in siSOCS3-treated cells after insulin stimulation. CONCLUSION Additional insights were provided to understand mechanisms of insulin resistance in CG-IUGR rats. Downregulating SOCS3 might improve insulin signaling transduction and ameliorate hepatic glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant CG-IUGR rats in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Delgado-Ortega M, Marc D, Dupont J, Trapp S, Berri M, Meurens F. SOCS proteins in infectious diseases of mammals. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 151:1-19. [PMID: 23219158 PMCID: PMC7112700 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As for most biological processes, the immune response to microbial infections has to be tightly controlled to remain beneficial for the host. Inflammation is one of the major consequences of the host's immune response. For its orchestration, this process requires a fine-tuned interplay between interleukins, endothelial cells and various types of recruited immune cells. Suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins are crucially involved in the complex control of the inflammatory response through their actions on various signalling pathways including the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways. Due to their cytokine regulatory functions, they are frequent targets for exploitation by infectious agents trying to escape the host's immune response. This review article aims to summarize our current knowledge regarding SOCS family members in the different mammalian species studied so far, and to display their complex molecular interactions with microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Delgado-Ortega
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Chang HH, Huang YM, Wu CP, Tang YC, Liu CW, Huang CH, Ho LT, Wu LY, Kuo YC, Kao YH. Endothelin-1 stimulates suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 gene expression in adipocytes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 178:450-8. [PMID: 22766240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 were respectively found to regulate energy metabolism and hormone signaling in fat cells. Although ET-1 can also regulate the expression of SOCS-3-stimulating hormones, it is still unknown whether ET-1 regulates SOCS-3 gene expression. This study investigated the pathways involved in ET-1's modulation of SOCS-3 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ET-1 upregulated SOCS-3 mRNA and protein expression in dose- and time-dependent manners. The concentration of ET-1 that increased SOCS-3 mRNA levels by 250-400% was ∼100nM with 2-4h of treatment. Treatment with actinomycin D prevented ET-1-stimulated SOCS-3 mRNA expression, suggesting that the effect of ET-1 requires new mRNA synthesis. Pretreatment with the ET type A receptor (ET(A)R) antagonist, BQ-610, but not the ET type B receptor (ET(B)R) antagonist, BQ-788, prevented the stimulatory effect of ET-1 on SOCS-3 gene expression. The specific inhibitors of either MEK1 (U-0126 and PD-98059), JAK (AG-490), JNK (SP-600125), or PI3K (LY-294002 and wortmannin) reduced ET-1-increased levels of SOCS-3 mRNA and respectively inhibited ET-1-stimulated activities of MEK1, JAK, JNK, and PI3K. These results imply that the ET(A)R, ERK, JAK, JNK, and PI3K are functionally necessary for ET-1's stimulation of SOCS-3 gene expression. Moreover, ET-1 was observed to upregulate expressions of SOCS-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 mRNAs, but not SOCS-7 or cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein-1 mRNAs. This suggests that ET-1 selectively affects particular types of SOCS family members. Changes in SOCS gene expressions induced by ET-1 may help explain the mechanism by which ET-1 modulates hormone signaling of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Huei Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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