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Souza LFB, Teixeira KF, Cadore-Rodrigues AC, Pires TDS, Valandro LF, Moraes RR, Özcan M, Pereira GKR. Evaluating mechanical and surface properties of zirconia-containing composites: 3D printing, subtractive, and layering techniques. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 157:106608. [PMID: 38833781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the monotonic and fatigue flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (E), and surface characteristics of a 3D printed zirconia-containing resin composite compared to subtractive and conventional layering methods. Specimens, including discs (n = 15; Ø = 15 mm × 1.2 mm) and bars (n = 15; 14 × 4 × 1.2 mm), were prepared and categorized into three groups: 3D printing (3D printing - PriZma 3D Bio Crown, Makertech), Subtractive (Lava Ultimate blocks, 3M), and Layering (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M). Monotonic tests were performed on the discs using a piston-on-three-balls setup, while fatigue tests employed similar parameters with a frequency of 10 Hz, initial stress at 20 MPa, and stress increments every 5000 cycles. The E was determined through three-point-bending test using bars. Surface roughness, fractographic, and topographic analyses were conducted. Statistical analyses included One-way ANOVA for monotonic FS and roughness, Kruskal-Wallis for E, and Kaplan-Meier with post-hoc Mantel-Cox and Weibull analysis for fatigue strength. Results revealed higher monotonic strength in the Subtractive group compared to 3D printing (p = 0.02) and Layering (p = 0.04), while 3D Printing and Layering exhibited similarities (p = 0.88). Fatigue data indicated significant differences across all groups (3D Printing < Layering < Subtractive; p = 0.00 and p = 0.04, respectively). Mechanical reliability was comparable across groups. 3D printing and Subtractive demonstrated similar E, both surpassing Layering. Moreover, 3D printing exhibited higher surface roughness than Subtractive and Layering (p < 0.05). Fractographic analysis indicated that fractures initiated at surface defects located in the area subjected to tensile stress concentration. A porous surface was observed in the 3D Printing group and a more compact surface in Subtractive and Layering methods. This study distinguishes the unique properties of 3D printed resin when compared to conventional layering and subtractive methods for resin-based materials. 3D printed shows comparable monotonic strength to layering but lags behind in fatigue strength, with subtractive resin demonstrating superior performance. Both 3D printed and subtractive exhibit similar elastic moduli, surpassing layering. However, 3D printed resin displays higher surface roughness compared to subtractive and layering methods. The study suggests a need for improvement in the mechanical performance of 3D printed material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Freitas Brum Souza
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Kétlin Fagundes Teixeira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Cadore-Rodrigues
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Telma de Souza Pires
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Rafael R Moraes
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic for Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Tauseef K, Amin F, Moin SF, Khurshid Z, Aslam K, Jabeen B. Evaluation of the Impact of Irradiance Lamps and Storage Media on Elution of TEGDMA from Dental Composites. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38788770 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of irradiance light and storage media on the elution of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) from conventional Filtek Z350XT 3M ESPE and two bulk-fill composites Shofu Beautifil-Bulk and Filtek Bulk fill flowable 3M ESPE using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Shofu Beautifil-Bulk, Filtek Bulk fill flowable 3M ESPE, and Filtek Z350XT 3M ESPE were the three types of composites used in this study. Disk shaped samples of 4-mm thickness and 10-mm diameter were fabricated using a stainless steel mold and were polymerized using light emitting diode (LED) and quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) lamps. After polymerization, the samples were immersed in ethanol, artificial saliva with betel quid extract, and distilled water for 1, 7, and 30 days, respectively. The elution of monomer TEGDMA was evaluated using HPLC. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS To evaluate the mean concentration difference, mixed way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. Between different light, materials, and within the time duration, Tukey's post hoc test was used. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS During the first day of storage, a significant amount of monomer TEGDMA elution was seen in all the materials. The highest values observed to be in the disks cured with QTH lamp. However, the highest elution was seen when the disks were immersed in ethanol/water solution. While the most stable medium was distilled water, artificial saliva with betel nut extract also had a significant effect on the elution of TEGDMA. The highest value obtained was of Filtek Bulk fill flowable 3M ESPE after 30 days of immersion in both LED and QTH cured disks. CONCLUSION Filtek Bulk fill flowable 3M ESPE shows better properties in relation to the release of monomer TEGDMA as it releases less amount of monomer in the storage media. The release of monomer was highest in ethanol as compared to artificial saliva and distilled water with the passage of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Tauseef
- Department of Dental Material, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Amin
- Department of Dental Material, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Faraz Moin
- Dr. Zafar H Zaidi Centre for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Aslam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Jabeen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Néma V, Kunsági-Máté S, Őri Z, Kiss T, Szabó P, Szalma J, Fráter M, Lempel E. Relation between internal adaptation and degree of conversion of short-fiber reinforced resin composites applied in bulk or layered technique in deep MOD cavities. Dent Mater 2024; 40:581-592. [PMID: 38368136 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), internal adaptation (IA) and closed porosity (CP) of short-fiber reinforced resin composites (SFRC) associated with layered or bulk restorative procedures in deep MOD cavities. METHODS Eighty third molars with standardized MOD cavities (5-mm-depth, 2.5-mm-width) were randomly divided into four groups and restored as follows: 1) bulk SFRC; 2) layered SFRC; 3) flowable bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBC); 4) layered conventional RBC. After one-month wet storage the samples were subjected to micro-computed tomography measurements and scanning electron microscopy to assess the IA and CP. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the DC in different depths. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, multivariate analysis and partial eta-squared statistics (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to assess the relationship among the parameters of interest. RESULTS Gap/total interface volume ratio ranged between 0.22-0.47%. RBCs applied in bulk revealed significantly lower gap volume (p < 0.001) and CP (p < 0.05). Each group showed complete detachment on the pulpal and partial on the lateral walls, except for group3. While the highest DC% was achieved by the conventional RBC (87.2%), followed by the flowable bulk-fill (81.2%), SFRC provided the best bottom to top DC ratio (bulk: 96.4%, layered: 98.7%). The effect of factors studied (RBC type, filling technique) on IA and DC was significant (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Bulk placement of RBCs exhibited lower interfacial gap volume and achieved satisfactory DC without significant correlation between these parameters. Incremental insertion of SFRC had no advantage over bulk placement in terms of IA and DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Néma
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos Blvd 64-66, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of Organic and Pharmacological Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Faculty of Pharmacy, Honvéd street 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Pécs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Vörösmarty Street 4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság Street 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Szabó
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márk Fráter
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos Blvd 64-66, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary.
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Oliveira H, Ribeiro M, Oliveira G, Peres TS, Bragança GF, Silva GR, Soares CJ. Mechanical and Optical Characterization of Single-shade Resin Composites Used in Posterior Teeth. Oper Dent 2024; 49:210-221. [PMID: 38349816 DOI: 10.2341/22-112-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the optical and mechanical performance of two single-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) compared to those of a conventional RBC for restoring posterior teeth. METHODS Two single-shade RBCs, Omnichroma (Tukoyama) and Vittra Unique APS (FGM), and a conventional RBC, Filtek Z350XT shade A2 (3M Oral Care), were evaluated in this study. The optical shade-matching performance was measured using a spectrophotometer. The light emitted by VALO Grand (Ultradent) and transmitted through the 2.0-mm RBC specimens was evaluated using beam profiling. Knoop hardness (KH, N/mm2), degree of conversion (DC, %) at the top and bottom, flexural strength (FS, MPa), elastic modulus (E, GPa), postgel shrinkage (Shr, %), and shrinkage stress (MPa) were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the filler. Data for FS, E, and Shr were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and KH and DC by repeated one-way ANOVA measurement followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). The modified von Mises stress values, light transmission, and SEM images were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS All single-shade RBCs exhibited higher chromatic adaptation than the Filtek Z350XT (p<0.001). Omnichroma exhibited less color difference than Vittra Unique APS, irrespective of the shade. The light transmitted through Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS increased during polymerization. KH and DC values were significantly reduced from the top to the bottom of the specimens for all RBCs (p<0.001); however, the ratio values were always higher than 80%. In general, all RBCs demonstrated similar mechanical properties. All RBCs exhibited a similar FS (p=0.083) and Shr value (p=0.144). Filtek Z350XT exhibited significantly higher E (p<0.001) than both single-shade RBCs. All RBCs exhibited similar shrinkage stress during restoration and similar residual stress during occlusal loading. CONCLUSIONS Single-shade Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS increased light transmission during light-activation, demonstrating better chromatic adaptation than conventional Filtek Z350XT. In general, Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS exhibited similar mechanical properties and shrinkage stress distributions as Filtek Z350XT during light-activation and occlusal loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlq Oliveira
- Helena Letícia Quirino Oliveira, DDS, MSc, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mth Ribeiro
- Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G Oliveira
- Gabriella Oliveira, DDS student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T S Peres
- Thiago Silva Peres, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G F Bragança
- Gabriel Felipe Bragança, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G R Silva
- Gisele Rodrigues Silva, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C J Soares
- *Carlos J Soares, DDS, MS, PhD, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Akiya S, Sato K, Kibe K, Tichy A, Hiraishi N, Prasansuttiporn T, Hosaka K, Foxton RM, Shimada Y, Nakajima M. Polymerization shrinkage of light-cured conventional and bulk-fill composites -The effect of cavity depth and post-curing. Dent Mater J 2023. [PMID: 37032103 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric shrinkage (VS) of conventional, bulk-fill, and core build-up resin-based composites (RBCs) of various thickness (1-5 mm) was measured using the modified bonded-disk method with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, the bottom-to-top ratio of Vickers hardness (%VH) was measured. Conventional RBCs exhibited significantly higher VS than bulk-fill and core build-up RBCs (p<0.05). As specimen thickness increased, VS relative to volume (%VS) and difference in VS at each depth (VSdepth) decreased. For conventional RBCs, there was a significant drop in VSdepth between 1 mm and 2 mm (p<0.05), and another drop was observed between 3 mm and 4 mm (p<0.05) where %VH decreased below 90%. For bulk-fill and core build-up RBCs, VSdepth decreased significantly between 2 mm and 3 mm (p<0.05), but %VH exceeded 90% even in 5 mm deep cavities. These results indicated that post-curing contributed to lower shrinkage in deeper layers, and that conventional RBCs were not adequately polymerized at the depth of over 3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Akiya
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kento Sato
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kouta Kibe
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Antonin Tichy
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Taweesak Prasansuttiporn
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University
- Institute of Global Affairs, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Richard M Foxton
- Institute of Global Affairs, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Center for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University
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Mohammed OK, Younis MT, Dawood AE. The effect of light curing time and intensity on the bond strength and fracture resistance of orthodontic adhesive. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2023; 17:23-27. [PMID: 37650018 PMCID: PMC10462919 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.36990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to measure the shear bond strength and compressive strength of orthodontic adhesives at different curing times and intensities. Methods Ninety extracted human premolars were used. Orthodontic brackets were bonded on the buccal surface of the teeth with orthodontic adhesive light-cured using VRN-VAFU LED curing light at different curing times (1, 3 and 5 seconds) and intensities (1000, 1600 and 2300 mW/cm2 ). A universal testing machine was used to measure the shear bond strength. The ratio of the adhesive remnant and compressive strength of the orthodontic adhesive, at each curing time at the different intensities, were also evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Results The lowest bond strength values (6.4, 9.9 and 12.6 MPa) were recorded with 1000 mW/ cm2 intensity (at all curing times) in comparison with the other intensities (P<0.05). Increasing the curing time significantly increased the bond strength of the orthodontic brackets (P<0.05), except when the curing time was increased from 3 sec to 5 sec at 1600 mW/cm2 intensity. The highest compressive strength values (130.3, 147.1 and 174 MPa) were recorded at 2300 mW/ cm2 intensity (at all curing times) compared to the other intensities (P<0.05). The highest values of the ratio of the adhesive remnants were recorded at 1000 mW/cm2 intensity (at all curing times) compared to the other intensities (P<0.05). Conclusion Although, increasing the curing time and\or the curing intensity has a positive effect on the bond strength and compressive strength of the orthodontic adhesive, it might be possible to suggest reducing the curing time of orthodontic adhesive to 1 sec at curing intensity of 2300 mW/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar K. Mohammed
- Department of Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammed T. Younis
- Department of Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Alaa E. Dawood
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Kincses D, Jordáki D, Szebeni D, Kunsági-Máté S, Szalma J, Lempel E. Effect of Ceramic and Dentin Thicknesses and Type of Resin-Based Luting Agents on Intrapulpal Temperature Changes during Luting of Ceramic Inlays. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065466. [PMID: 36982546 PMCID: PMC10057599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesive cementation of ceramic inlays may increase pulpal temperature (PT) and induce pulpal damage due to heat generated by the curing unit and the exothermic reaction of the luting agent (LA). The aim was to measure the PT rise during ceramic inlay cementation by testing different combinations of dentin and ceramic thicknesses and LAs. The PT changes were detected using a thermocouple sensor positioned in the pulp chamber of a mandibular molar. Gradual occlusal reduction obtained dentin thicknesses of 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0 mm. Light-cured (LC) and dual-cured (DC) adhesive cements and preheated restorative resin-based composite (RBC) were applied to luting of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm lithium disilicate ceramic blocks. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to compare the thermal conductivity of dentin and ceramic slices. Although ceramic reduced heat delivered by the curing unit, the exothermic reaction of the LAs significantly increased it in each investigated combination (5.4–7.9 °C). Temperature changes were predominantly influenced by dentin thickness followed by LA and ceramic thickness. Thermal conductivity of dentin was 24% lower than that of ceramic, and its thermal capacity was 86% higher. Regardless of the ceramic thickness, adhesive inlay cementation can significantly increase the PT, especially when the remaining dentin thickness is <2 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kincses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pécs Medical School, PTüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dóra Jordáki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pécs Medical School, PTüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Donát Szebeni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pécs Medical School, PTüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Honvéd Street 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pécs Medical School, PTüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(72)-536402
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Wuersching SN, Högg C, Kohl L, Reichl FX, Hickel R, Kollmuss M. Leaching components and initial biocompatibility of novel bioactive restorative materials. Dent Mater 2023; 39:293-304. [PMID: 36754734 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioactive restorative materials were developed on the premise that direct restorations should not only serve the purpose of reconstructing dental hard tissue defects but also exhibit biological features that prevent secondary caries development, without having adverse effects on the host cells. This study focuses on assessing the in vitro biocompatibility of two novel bioactive restorative materials. METHODS Specimens of the bioactive restorative materials, Cention Forte (CF) and ACTIVA BioACTIVE RESTORATIVE (AB), a glass ionomer cement/glass hybrid (EQUIA Forte HT, EF) and an established nanohybrid composite (Venus Diamond, VD) were produced and finished. The specimens were eluted in water and methanol and the resulting eluates were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. hGF-1 cells were exposed to eluates prepared in cell culture medium. Cellular ATP levels, oxidized glutathione concentration, caspase-3/7 activity and the inflammatory response (IL-6 and PGE2 levels) were determined. Microscopic images were taken to examine the cell morphology. RESULTS Methyl methacrylate and 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate were the main monomers detected in CF and AB eluates. All materials inhibited cell proliferation and led to significantly reduced ATP-levels. The cells exhibited a healthy morphology in the presence of CF and AB. Cells exposed to VD showed increased oxidized glutathione levels. Only EF led to enhanced caspase-3/7 activity. CF and AB caused IL-6 levels to increase, while EF and AB led to enhanced PGE2 levels. SIGNIFICANCE CF and AB are promising materials from a biological point of view and seem to have improved bioactive properties compared to glass ionomer cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Noreen Wuersching
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany. .-muenchen.de
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Kohl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kollmuss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Han SH, Shimada Y, Sadr A, Tagami J, Tabata T, Nakagawa H, Yang SE. Effects of Material Thickness and Pretreatment on the Interfacial Gap of Translucent Zirconia Restorations with Self-adhesive Resin Cement. Oper Dent 2022; 47:535-548. [DOI: 10.2341/21-024-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Purpose
The first objective was to determine if the dual-curing of self-adhesive resin cement (SAC) with reduced light penetrating through zirconia had an effect on interfacial gap of zirconia restorations. The second purpose was to examine whether pretreatment methods for universal adhesive affected interfacial gap. The last aim was to compare the microhardness of SAC polymerized under different zirconia thicknesses.
Methods and Materials
This study evaluated self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE) after different pretreatment with universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) under different polymerization conditions. CAD/CAM inlay cavities were prepared on extracted third molars. Translucent zirconia restorations were milled using Katana UTML (Kuraray). The teeth were divided into three groups: Groups I, II, and III in which the restoration thicknesses were 1, 2, and 3 mm. Each Group had three subgroups according to different pretreatment methods. For subgroup-1, no pretreatment was done on the prepared cavity. For subgroup-2, universal adhesive was applied and light-cured before cement placement (precure method). For subgroup-3, universal adhesive was applied; however, light-curing was done after cement placement (cocure method). After thermo-cycling, the interfacial gap at the restoration-tooth interface was investigated using swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging. Finally, microhardness was measured for SAC under different zirconia thicknesses. For statistical analysis, the interfacial gap was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the effect of cavity depth and pretreatment. In terms of each cavity depth and pretreatment, the interfacial gap was compared using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s test. One-way ANOVA was also performed for comparison of the Vickers hardness results.
Results
Different thicknesses of the restoration resulted in differences in interfacial gaps except between the precure method of Groups I and II (p<0.05). The effect of universal adhesive pretreatment was different depending on the restoration thickness with exceptions in Groups I and III (p<0.05). Vickers hardness number decreased as the low radiant exposure of light was applied (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Interfacial gap of zirconia restorations can differ depending on the material thickness, pretreatment, and activation mode. Reduced light intensity penetrating through zirconia may lead to higher interfacial gap percentage and lower microhardness of the self-adhesive resin cement. Application of a universal adhesive showed similar or reduced interfacial gaps in the cement space.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Han
- Seung-Hoon Han, DDS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, St Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Y Shimada
- Yasushi Shimada, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - A Sadr
- Alireza Sadr, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington
| | - J Tagami
- Junji Tagami, DDS, PhD, professor emeritus, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - T Tabata
- Tomoko Tabata, DDS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - H Nakagawa
- Hisaichi Nakagawa, DDS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - S-E Yang
- *Sung-Eun Yang, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Lopes-Rocha L, Hernandez C, Gonçalves V, Pinho T, Tiritan ME. Analytical Methods for Determination of BPA Released from Dental Resin Composites and Related Materials: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:653-668. [PMID: 35776702 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2093097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) on human health, this systematic review aimed to gather the analytical methods for the quantification of BPA release of BPA in dental materials in in vitro and in vivo (biological fluids) studies. A brief critical discussion of the impacts of BPA on human health and the possible association with BPA in dental materials was also presented. The research was carried out by three independent researchers, (according to PRISMA guidelines) in PUBMED and SCOPUS databases, by searching for specific keywords and articles published between January 2011 and February 2022. Seventeen articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review: 10 in vitro and 7 in vivo. In in vitro studies, the highest amounts of BPA released were from flowable to conventional resins, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer. In contrast, the smallest amount was released from "BPA-free" composites and CAD-CAM blocks. Regarding in vivo studies, a higher concentration of BPA were found in saliva than urine or blood. The best analytical method for trace quantifying BPA is LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry) due to its selectivity, low quantification limits, and the unequivocal identification. However, further studies are required to develop faster and more sensitive methods, in order to obtain more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Lopes-Rocha
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Clara Hernandez
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Gonçalves
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, i3S-Institute of Innovation and Research in Health, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), Portugal. Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Ludovichetti FS, Lucchi P, Zambon G, Pezzato L, Bertolini R, Zerman N, Stellini E, Mazzoleni S. Depth of Cure, Hardness, Roughness and Filler Dimension of Bulk-Fill Flowable, Conventional Flowable and High-Strength Universal Injectable Composites: An In Vitro Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121951. [PMID: 35745293 PMCID: PMC9228197 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Objective: To evaluate and compare the depth of cure (DOC) of two bulk-fill flowable composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill), two conventional flowable composites (Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable Restorative and G-ænial Flo X) and one high-strength universal injectable composite (G-ænial Universal Injectable). (2) Methods: specimens were placed in a stainless-steel mold with an orifice of 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in depth and light-cured for 20 s using a light emitting diode (LED) light-curing unit (LCU) with an irradiance of 1000 mW/cm2; depth of cure was assessed using the ISO 4049 scrape technique, and the absolute length of the specimen of cured composite was measured in millimeters with a digital caliper. The same procedure was repeated with 14 samples for each material under investigation, for a total number of 70 test bodies. Material roughness and hardness results were also investigated using, respectively, a 3D laser confocal microscope (LEXT OLS 4100; Olympus) at ×5 magnification and a Vickers diamond indenter (Vickers microhardness tester, Shimadzu®, Kyoto, Japan) under 10-N load and a 30 s dwell time. SEM images at 3000 and 9000 magnification were collected in order to study the materials’ filler content. Statistical analysis were performed by a commercial statistical software package (SPSS) and data were analyzed using multiple comparison Dunnett’s test. (3) Results: The average DOC of both bulk-fill composites was more than 4 mm, as a range of 3.91 and 4.53 mm with an average value of 4.24 and 4.12 mm, while that of the conventional flowable composites was much lower, as a range of 2.47 and 2.90 mm with an average value of 2.58 and 2.84 mm; DOC of the high-strength injectable composite was greater than the one of traditional composites, but not to the level of bulk-fill materials, as a range of 2.82 and 3.01 mm with an average value of 3.02 mm. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p-values < 0.05) in the depth of cure between bulk fill flowable composites and other composites, while there was no difference (p-values > 0.05) between the materials of the same type. (4) Conclusions: Bulk-fill flowable composites showed significantly higher depth of cure values than both traditional flowable composites and high-strength injectable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Ludovichetti
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498212040
| | - Patrizia Lucchi
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Giulia Zambon
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Luca Pezzato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Rachele Bertolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Pediatric Dentisrty, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Stellini
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sergio Mazzoleni
- Department of Neurosciences–Dentistry Section, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.L.); (G.Z.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
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12
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Go YR, Kim KM, Park SH. Influence of inhomogeneity of the polymerization light beam on the microhardness of resin cement under a CAD-CAM block. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 127:802.e1-802.e10. [PMID: 35272842 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The beam profile of a light polymerization unit shows an inhomogeneous distribution. Therefore, the light passing through indirect restorations may be inhomogeneous and affect the polymerization of the resin cement. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of the inhomogeneous distribution of irradiance passing through a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) block on the microhardness of resin cement. MATERIAL AND METHODS IPS e.max CAD (A3 LT, A3 HT), Celtra Duo (A3 LT), LAVA Ultimate (A3 LT), and Vita Enamic (A3 T) blocks were tested and cut into 1.0-, 1.5-, 2.0-, and 4.0-mm thicknesses (N=100). The resin cements were Variolink N base (light-polymerized) and RelyX U200 (dual-polymerized). The light transmission, irradiance, and beam profile of each block were measured. For microhardness measurement, 5 points (-4 mm, -2 mm, 0 mm, +2 mm, and +4 mm) that coincided with the distance from the center to the periphery of the tip were marked on the specimen's surface. At each point, microhardness was measured 24 hours after polymerization. Repeated measured 1-way ANOVA with the LSD test was performed to analyze the effect of measuring points on the microhardness (α=.05). RESULTS The microhardness of the resin cements decreased with an increase of the CAD-CAM block thickness (P<.05). Resin cements under a 1-mm CAD-CAM block showed relatively uniform microhardness, whereas those under 2-mm and 4-mm blocks showed inhomogeneous microhardness (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Inhomogeneous light transmission from a light polymerization unit through CAD-CAM blocks resulted in the nonuniform microhardness of resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ra Go
- Post graduate student, Department of Conservative of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Resident, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Man Kim
- Professor, Department and research Institute of Dental Biomaterials & Bioengineering, BK21 Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Professor, Department of Conservative of Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Properties of A Model Self-Healing Microcapsule-Based Dental Composite Reinforced with Silica Nanoparticles. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010019. [PMID: 35225982 PMCID: PMC8883938 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of an experimental self-healing dental composite model (SHDC) composed of SiO2 nanoparticles with varying percentages of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomer and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT) amine microcapsules. Materials and methods: Microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerisation of PUF shells, as explained in our previous work. The model SHDC included bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA:TEGDMA) (1:1), 1 wt% phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (BAPO), 0.5 wt% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) catalyst, 20 wt% silanised silica dioxide (SiO2) (15 nm) and (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 wt%) of microcapsules (120 ± 45 μm). Light transmission, hardness, degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength and elastic modulus of the SHDC model were measured. Results: The degree of conversion of the SHDC ranged from 73 to 76% 24 h after polymerisation. Hardness measurements ranged from 22 to 26 VHN (p > 0.05); however, the flexural strength was adversely affected from 80 to 55 MPa with increasing microcapsules of up to 10 wt% in the composites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Only flexural strength decreased drastically ~30% with increasing microcapsules (>10 wt%) in the composites. All other measured properties were not significantly affected. Accordingly, we recommend a stronger composite material that could be created by increasing the filler content distribution in order to achieve a hybrid self-healing composite with enhanced mechanical properties.
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14
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Prochnow FHO, Kunz PVM, Correr GM, Kaizer MDR, Gonzaga CC. Relationship between battery level and irradiance of light-curing units and their effects on the hardness of a bulk-fill composite resin. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e45. [DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gisele Maria Correr
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina da Rosa Kaizer
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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15
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Kincses D, Böddi K, Őri Z, Lovász BV, Jeges S, Szalma J, Kunsági-Máté S, Lempel E. Pre-Heating Effect on Monomer Elution and Degree of Conversion of Contemporary and Thermoviscous Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Dental Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203599. [PMID: 34685358 PMCID: PMC8538921 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of unreacted monomers from pre-heated resin-based dental composites (RBC) is not a well-investigated topic so far. The objectives were to determine the temperature changes during the application and polymerization, the degree of conversion (DC) and unreacted monomer elution of room temperature (RT), and pre-heated thermoviscous [VisCalor Bulk(VCB)] and high-viscosity full-body contemporary [Filtek One Bulk(FOB)] bulk-fill RBCs. The RBCs' temperatures during the sample preparation were recorded with a K-type thermocouple. The DC at the top and bottom was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy and the amounts of eluted BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA, and TEGDMA were assessed with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The temperatures of the pre-heated RBCs decreased rapidly during the manipulation phase. The temperature rise during photopolymerization reflects the bottom DCs. The differences in DC% between the top and the bottom were significant. RT VCB had a lower DC% compared to FOB. Pre-heating did not influence the DC, except on the bottom surface of FOB where a significant decrease was measured. Pre-heating significantly decreased the elution of BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA in the case of FOB, meanwhile, it had no effect on monomer release from VCB, except TEGDMA, which elution was decreased. In comparison, RBC composition had a stronger influence on DC and monomer elution, than pre-cure temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kincses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Katalin Böddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (B.V.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sára Jeges
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (B.V.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-535-926
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16
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Tichy A, Bradna P. Applicability of Exposure Reciprocity Law for Fast Polymerization of Restorative Composites Containing Various Photoinitiating Systems. Oper Dent 2021; 46:406-418. [PMID: 34478559 DOI: 10.2341/20-112-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The exposure reciprocity law (ERL) has been used to calculate the optimal irradiation time of dental composites. This study examined the applicability of ERL for fast polymerization of restorative composites containing various photoinitiating systems using a high-power multi-peak light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. METHODS Three commercial composites differing in photoinitiating systems were tested: Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative (FU) with a camphorquinone-amine (CQ-A) photoinitiating system, Tetric EvoCeram (TEC) with CQ-A and (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), and Estelite Σ Quick (ESQ) with CQ and a radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) initiator. Specimens 2-mm thick were polymerized using a high-power multipeak LED lamp (Valo) at 3 pairs of radiant exposures (referred to as low, moderate, and high) ranging from 15.8-26.7 J/cm2. They were achieved by different combinations of irradiation time (5-20 seconds) and irradiance (1300-2980 mW/cm2) as determined with a calibrated spectrometer. Knoop microhardness was measured 1, 24, and 168 hours after polymerization on specimen top (irradiated) and bottom surfaces to characterize the degree of polymerization. The results were statistically analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests, α = 0.05. RESULTS Microhardness increased with radiant exposure and except for ESQ, top-surface microhardness was significantly higher than that on bottom surfaces. Combinations of high irradiance and short irradiation time significantly increased the top-surface microhardness of TEC at low and moderate radiant exposures, and the bottom-surface microhardness of FU at a low radiant exposure. In contrast, the microhardness of ESQ on both surfaces at high radiant exposure increased significantly when low irradiance and long irradiation time were used. With all tested composites, bottom-surface microhardness obtained at low radiant exposure was below 80% of the maximum top-surface microhardness, indicating insufficient polymerization. CONCLUSION Combinations of irradiance and irradiation time had a significant effect on microhardness, which was affected by photoinitiators and the optical properties of composites as well as spectral characteristics of the polymerization lamp. Therefore, ERL cannot be universally applied for the calculation of optimal composite irradiation time. Despite high irradiance, fast polymerization led to insufficient bottom-surface microhardness, suggesting the necessity to also characterize the degree of polymerization on the bottom surfaces of composite increments when assessing the validity of ERL.
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17
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Yılmaz B, Bakkal M, Zengin Kurt B. Structural and mechanical analysis of three orthodontic adhesive composites cured with different light units. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 18:2280800020901716. [PMID: 32242502 DOI: 10.1177/2280800020901716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of three different curing units on the physical and mechanical features of three different orthodontic adhesive resin materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS 45 specimens (5 mm in diameter, and 2 mm in thickness) of each of the three different adhesive composite resin materials (Transbond XT, Grēngloo™ Adhesive and Light Bond Paste) were cured with three different light units (a polywave third generation (Valo), a monowave (DemiUltra), and a second-generation LED (Optima 10)). To quantify degree of conversion (DC), the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used in transmission mode (ALPHA FT-IR Spectrometer, Bruker Optics, Germany). Vickers hardness value was recorded under constant load 100 g for 10 s with a microhardness tester (HMV M-1, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. The level of significance was considered p < 0.05. RESULTS The highest DC values were obtained as a result of curing with Optima 10. This rate was followed by Demi Ultra and Valo, respectively. Transbond XT samples showed a lower level of conversion than the samples of Light Bond Paste and Grēngloo™ Adhesive. The top surfaces of each material showed higher hardness values than the bottom surfaces (p < 0.05). The Light Bond Paste showed the highest hardness values both on the top and bottom surfaces among the three materials, followed by Grēngloo™ Adhesive. While the hardness values of the top surfaces of the samples cured with Demi Ultra and Valo light units were similar, higher hardness values are recorded with Valo on the bottom surfaces (Valo; 85.200/75.200 (top/bottom) versus Demi Ultra; 86.100/66.000 (top/bottom)). CONCLUSIONS The different DC and the surface hardness properties were recorded for the resin as orthodontic adhesives depending on different light units. Shorter radiation time caused lower DC and surface hardness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berza Yılmaz
- Department of Orthodontics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Bakkal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Belma Zengin Kurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Lopes-Rocha L, Ribeiro-Gonçalves L, Henriques B, Özcan M, Tiritan ME, Souza JCM. An integrative review on the toxicity of Bisphenol A (BPA) released from resin composites used in dentistry. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1942-1952. [PMID: 33834604 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to perform an integrative review on the release of bisphenol A (BPA) from resin-matrix composites and potential toxic effects. A bibliographic search was performed on the PubMed platform using the following keywords: "Bisphenol A" OR "BPA" AND "resin composite" OR "composite resin" AND "toxicity" OR "cytotoxicity" OR "release". Inclusion criteria involved in vitro and in vivo studies on the release and toxicity of BPA. Results highlighted the release of BPA from resin-matrix composites due to insufficient polymerization and/or degradation of the polymeric matrix. BPA is part of the organic matrix of resin-matrix composites and may be hydrolysed in human saliva, although studies report that low doses might not be detected by traditional chemical analysis. Studies exposing zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of Bis-GMA, showed 55% mortality at 10 μM Bis-GMA while 30% mortality was recorded at 1 μM Bis-GMA. In patients, a BPA concentration of around 2.09 × 10-2 μg/ml was found in the saliva after placement of lingual orthodontic retainers with resin-matrix composites. Also, the BPA molecule can be swallowed and absorbed by the oral/gastrointestinal mucosa, which might result in systemic toxicity. The degradation of resin-matrix composites and release of BPA in oral environment are dependent on the organic matrix content and on the polymerization method. A increased release of BPA can lead to the absorption into oral and gastrointestinal mucosa with high risks of local and systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Lopes-Rocha
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Lara Ribeiro-Gonçalves
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal.,Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
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Arana AFM, Justus B, DÁvila-SÁnchez A, Sugahara MDO, Coelho U, Farago PV, Arrais C. Influence of radiant exposure values from two third generation LED curing units on polymerization profile and microhardness of orthodontic composite under ceramic and metallic brackets. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e2119150. [PMID: 33729290 PMCID: PMC8018747 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.1.e2119150.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Third generation of LED light curing units might be used in short exposure periods for orthodontic brackets bonding. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of the different radiant exposure (RE) values: Manufacturers' instructions (MI), ½ MI, 1/4 MI and Turbo mode. Two third-generation LED curing units were used: VALO® and Bluephase 20i® . The degree of conversion (DC) and Vickers hardness (VHN) of an orthodontic composite (OC) (Transbond XT) under metallic (MB) or ceramic brackets (CB) were measured. METHODS OC was applied to the bracket base, which was then placed over an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) table coupled to an infrared light spectroscope, or to a glass surface for the VHN analysis. The specimens were light-cured and DC values were calculated. The VHN was obtained in a microhardness tester. The data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (pre-set α=0.05). Linear regression analysis evaluated the relationship between RE values and dependent variables. RESULTS CB allowed higher DC and VHN values than MB (p< 0.001). No significant difference was noted among groups when CB were used. For MB, MI groups showed the highest DC and VHN values. A significant, but weak relationship was found between delivered RE values and dependent variables. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in RE values from third generation LED CU did not jeopardize the DC values when CB were used, but can compromise DC and VHN values when MB are used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Justus
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas (Ponta Grossa/PR, Brazil)
| | | | | | - Ulisses Coelho
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia (Ponta Grossa/PR, Brazil)
| | - Paulo Vitor Farago
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas (Ponta Grossa/PR, Brazil)
| | - Cesar Arrais
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Odontologia (Ponta Grossa/PR, Brazil)
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20
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Degree of conversion and in vitro temperature rise of pulp chamber during polymerization of flowable and sculptable conventional, bulk-fill and short-fibre reinforced resin composites. Dent Mater 2021; 37:983-997. [PMID: 33714623 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the degree of conversion (DC) and in vitro pulpal temperature (PT) rise of low-viscosity (LV) and high-viscosity (HV) conventional resin-based composites (RBC), bulk-fill and short-fibre reinforced composites (SFRC). METHODS The occlusal surface of a mandibular molar was removed to obtain dentine thickness of 2 mm above the roof of the pulp chamber. LV and HV conventional (2 mm), bulk-fill RBCs (2-4 mm) and SFRCs (2-4 mm) were applied in a mold (6 mm inner diameter) placed on the occlusal surface. PT changes during the photo-polymerization were recorded with a thermocouple positioned in the pulp chamber. The DC at the top and bottom of the samples was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, multivariate analysis and partial eta-squared statistics were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). RESULTS The PT changes ranged between 5.5-11.2 °C. All LV and 4 mm RBCs exhibited higher temperature changes. Higher DC were measured at the top (63-76%) of the samples as compared to the bottom (52-72.6%) in the 2 mm HV conventional and bulk-fill RBCs and in each 4 mm LV and HV materials. The SFRCs showed higher temperature changes and DC% as compared to the other investigated RBCs. The temperature and DC were influenced by the composition of the material followed by the thickness. SIGNIFICANCE Exothermic temperature rise and DC are mainly material dependent. Higher DC values are associated with a significant increase in PT. LV RBCs, 4 mm bulk-fills and SFRCs exhibited higher PTs. Bulk-fills and SFRCs applied in 4 mm showed lower DCs at the bottom.
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21
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Aati S, Akram Z, Ngo H, Fawzy AS. Development of 3D printed resin reinforced with modified ZrO 2 nanoparticles for long-term provisional dental restorations. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e360-e374. [PMID: 33663884 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and investigate efficacy of loading functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles in 3-dimensional (3D) printed acrylate ester-based resin subjected to accelerated aging in artificial saliva. As well as to evaluate the effect of ZrO2 nanoparticle volume fraction addition on mechanical and physical properties of printed composite. METHODS Functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles were characterized using TEM and Raman spectroscopy. 3D printed dental resin was reinforced, with ZrO2 nanoparticles, in the concentration range (0-5wt.%). The resulted nanocomposites, in term of structure and physical/mechanical properties were evaluated using different mechanical testing, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS ZrO2 based nanocomposite was successful and formed composites were more ductile. Degree of conversion was significant at the highest level with blank resin and 1wt.%. Sorption revealed reduction associated with volume fraction significant to neat resin, however solubility indicated neat and 4wt.% had the lowest significant dissolution. Vickers represented critical positive correlation with filler content, while nanohardness and elasticity behaved symmetrically and had the maximum strength at 3wt.% addition. In addition, 3wt.% showed the highest fracture toughness and modulus. Improvement of flexural strength was significantly linked to filler concentration. Overall properties dramatically were enhanced after 3 months aging in artificial saliva, especially degree of conversion, microhardness, nanoindentation/elasticity, and flexural modulus. However, significant reduction was observed with flexural modulus and fracture toughness. SIGNIFICANCE The outcomes suggest that the newly developed 3D printed nanocomposites modified with ZrO2 nanoparticle have the superior potential and efficacy as long-term provisional dental restoration materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Aati
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia; Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hien Ngo
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.
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22
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Abdou A, Takahashi R, Saad A, Nozaki K, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Influence of resin-coating on bond strength of resin cements to dentin and CAD/CAM resin block in single-visit and multiple-visit treatment. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:674-682. [PMID: 33518691 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of resin-coating using one-bottle adhesives on the bond strength of resin cements in single-visit and multiple-visit treatments. Three one-bottle adhesives were used for resin-coating and/or pre-treatment adhesives prior to cementation, in conjunction with resin cements from the same manufacturers: Clearfil Universal Bond Quick with Panavia V5 (UBQ/Pv5), Scotchbond Universal Adhesive with RelyX Ultimate (SBU/RxU), and Optibond All-in-one with NX3 Nexus (OP/NX3). Bovine dentin surfaces were left uncoated or resin-coated. After 1-h water storage (single-visit) or 1-week water storage with a non-eugenol temporary cement (multiple-visit), a CAD/CAM resin block was cemented to uncoated or resin-coated dentin surfaces. Microtensile bond strengths (µTBSs) were measured and statistically analyzed (α=0.05). Application of resin-coating improved µTBSs. The multiple-visit group exhibited lower values of µTBS than the single-visit group. Selection of the materials affected µTBSs. Resin-coating and single-visit treatment are desirable for CAD/CAM resin composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information
| | - Rena Takahashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Amr Saad
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Department of Operative Dentistry, Batterjee Medical College
| | - Kosuke Nozaki
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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Elshazly TM, Bourauel C, Aboushelib MN, Sherief DI, El-Korashy DI. The polymerization efficiency of a bulk-fill composite based on matrix-modification technology. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e32. [PMID: 32839713 PMCID: PMC7431929 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the polymerization efficiency of a matrix-modified bulk-fill composite, and compare it to a conventional composite which has a similar filler system. The degree of conversion (DC%) and monomer elution were measured over different storage periods. Additionally, fillers' content was examined. Materials and Methods Cylindrical specimens were prepared, in bulk and incrementally, from Filtek Bulk Fill (B) and Filtek Supreme XTE (S) composites using a Teflon mold, for each test (n = 6). Using attenuated total reflection method of Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, DC% was measured after 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, elution of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, and bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate was measured after 24 hours, 7 days and 30 days. Filler content was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using 2-way mixed-model analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Results There was no significant difference in DC% over different storage periods between B-bulk and S-incremental. Higher monomer elution was detected significantly from S than B. The elution quantity and rate varied significantly over storage periods and between different monomers. SEM images showed differences in fillers' sizes and agglomeration between both materials. Conclusions Matrix-modified bulk-fill composites could be packed and cured in bulk with polymerization efficiency similar to conventional composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Elshazly
- Oral Technology, School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Dalia I Sherief
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia I El-Korashy
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Evaluation of Two Resin Composites Having Different Matrix Compositions. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8030076. [PMID: 32709056 PMCID: PMC7559380 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared two resin composites with similar filler systems and different matrix compositions. The depth of cure (DoC), polymerization shrinkage, and marginal leakage were evaluated. A Filtek Bulk Fill resin composite (FB) and a Filtek Supreme resin composite (FS) were used. For the DoC and polymerization shrinkage, cylindrical specimens with different thicknesses were prepared. The DoC was attributed to the bottom/top ratios of Vickers microhardness numbers. For polymerization shrinkage, each specimen was firstly scanned using micro-computed tomography (µCT) then cured for 20 s, then for 10 s, and then for 10 s, and they were rescanned between each curing time. Data were processed using the Mimics software. For marginal leakage, standardized 5 mm cavities were prepared in 90 molars. After etching and bonding, materials were packed according to groups: FB-bulk, FB-incremental, and FS-incremental, which were cured for 20, 30, and 40 s, respectively. After thermo-cycling, teeth were stored in 1% methylene blue dye for 24 h and then sectioned and observed for dye penetration. The results showed insignificant differences in the shrinkage and leakage between the different packing techniques and curing times of both materials. In conclusion, the introduction of a novel matrix into resin composite composition enabled bulk-filling in one layer up to 5 mm deep while keeping a tolerable polymerization shrinkage.
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25
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Palagummi SV, Hong T, Wang Z, Moon CK, Chiang MYM. Resin viscosity determines the condition for a valid exposure reciprocity law in dental composites. Dent Mater 2019; 36:310-319. [PMID: 31866065 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide conditions for the validity of the exposure reciprocity law as it pertains to the photopolymerization of dimethacrylate-based dental composites. METHODS Composites made from different mass ratios of resin blends (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA and UDMA/TEGDMA) and silanized micro-sized glass fillers were used. All the composites used camphorquinone and ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate as the photo initiator system. A cantilever beam-based instrument (NIST SRI 6005) coupled with NIR spectroscopy and a microprobe thermocouple was used to simultaneously measure the degree of conversion (DC), the polymerization stress (PS) due to the shrinkage, and the temperature change (TC) in real time during the photocuring process. The instrument has an integrated LED light curing unit providing irradiances ranging from 0.01W/cm2 to 4W/cm2 at a peak wavelength of 460nm (blue light). Vickers hardness of the composites was also measured. RESULTS For every dental composite there exists a minimum radiant exposure required for an adequate polymerization (i.e., insignificant increase in polymerization with any further increase in the radiant exposure). This minimum predominantly depends on the resin viscosity of composite and can be predicted using an empirical equation established based on the test results. If the radiant exposure is above this minimum, the exposure reciprocity law is valid with respect to DC for high-fill composites (filler contents >50% by mass) while invalid for low-fill composites (that are clinically irrelevant). SIGNIFICANCE The study promotes better understanding on the applicability of the exposure reciprocity law for dental composites. It also provides a guidance for altering the radiant exposure, with the clinically available curing light unit, needed to adequately cure the dental composite in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Vikram Palagummi
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Taeseung Hong
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengzhi Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Kwon Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Y M Chiang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.
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26
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Ide K, Nakajima M, Hayashi J, Hosaka K, Ikeda M, Shimada Y, Foxton RM, Sumi Y, Tagami J. Effect of light-curing time on light-cure/post-cure volumetric polymerization shrinkage and regional ultimate tensile strength at different depths of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:621-629. [PMID: 31178547 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate volumetric polymerization shrinkage (VS), using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), of bulk-fill composites with different light-curing strategies; immediately after light-irradiation and after 24 h, and to evaluate their regional ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at different curing depths. The immediate VS after photo-polymerization decreased when the curing light-curing time was reduced from 20 to 10 to 5 s. On the other hand, their VS values after 24 h significantly increased due to the post-cure polymerization, resulting in similar VS values at all the light-curing times. Five seconds light-curing decreased the regional UTS of resin composites after the 24 h period compared with the 10 and 20 s light-curing regimes; therefore, the remarkable progress of post-cure polymerization after light-curing for a short time would not lead to an improvement in the mechanical properties of resin composites. The influence of the light-curing time on the curing depth was dependent upon the bulk-fill composite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Ide
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Juri Hayashi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Department of Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Richard M Foxton
- Division of Conservative Dentistry, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals, King's College London
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- National Center for Geriatrics oand Gerontology, Department of Advanced Dental Research, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Disease
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Global Center of Excellence Program; International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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27
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Sirovica S, Skoda MWA, Podgorski M, Thompson PBJ, Palin WM, Guo Y, Smith AJ, Dewan K, Addison O, Martin RA. Structural Evidence That the Polymerization Rate Dictates Order and Intrinsic Strain Generation in Photocured Methacrylate Biomedical Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Sirovica
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Aston, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Maximilian W. A. Skoda
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Maciej Podgorski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Gliniana Street 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - William M. Palin
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Mill Pool Way,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, U.K
| | - Yilan Guo
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Karun Dewan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Mill Pool Way,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, U.K
| | - Owen Addison
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Mill Pool Way,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, U.K
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Richard A. Martin
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Aston, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
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Özduman ZC, Kazak M, Fildisi MA, Özlen RH, Dalkilic E, Donmez N. Effect of Polymerization Time and Home Bleaching Agent on the Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Composites: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. SCANNING 2019; 2019:2307305. [PMID: 31281561 PMCID: PMC6589237 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2307305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the microhardness and surface roughness of two different bulk-fill composites polymerized with light-curing unit (LCU) with different polymerization times before and after the application of a home bleaching agent. MATERIALS-METHODS For both microhardness and surface roughness tests, 6 groups were prepared with bulk-fill materials (SonicFill, Filtek Bulk Fill) according to different polymerization times (10, 20, and 30 s). 102 specimens were prepared using Teflon molds (4 mm depth and 5 mm diameter) and polymerized with LCU. 30 specimens (n = 5) were assessed for microhardness. Before home bleaching agent application, the bottom/top (B/T) microhardness ratio was evaluated. After bleaching agent application, the microhardness measurements were performed on top surfaces. Roughness measurements were performed in 72 specimens (n = 12) before and after bleaching application. Additionally, for SEM analyses, two specimens from all tested groups were prepared before and after bleaching agent application. The data B/T microhardness ratio before bleaching was analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. The data from the top surface of specimens' microhardness before and after bleaching were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U tests. The data from surface roughness tests were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The B/T microhardness ratio results revealed no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). Comparing the microhardness values of the composites' top surfaces before and after bleaching, a significant decrease was observed exclusively in FB30s (p < 0.05). No significant differences in surface roughness values were observed when the groups were compared based on bulk-fill materials (p > 0.05) while the polymerization time affected the surface roughness of the SF20s and SF30s groups (p < 0.05). After bleaching, surface roughness values were significantly increased in the SF20s and SF30s groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The clinicians should adhere to the polymerization time recommended by the manufacturer to ensure the durability of the composite material in the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zümrüt Ceren Özduman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magrur Kazak
- Bahcesehir University, School of Dental Medicine, Restorative Dentistry Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Fildisi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rümeysa Hatice Özlen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Dalkilic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazmiye Donmez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang J, Gao P, Wei Q, Yan M, Zhao Q, Xu T, Zhu S. Influence of water aging on surface hardness of low-shrinkage light-cured composite resins. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:89-94. [PMID: 30814389 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the microhardness of four types of low-shrinkage composite resins and two types of universal composite resins with either 12 or 16 J/cm2 light power energy. Three disks were made for each group (n = 3) for a total of 36 specimens. The specimens were prepared by condensing the composite resin into a circular copper mold (diameter: 6 mm; height: 2 mm) and polymerizing with 700 mW/cm2 light power density. The microhardness values of the resin specimens were measured using a Vickers hardness tester after different storage durations. Z250 and Clearfil Majesty Posterior composites showed softer subsurfaces when comparing the 24 h samples for all six types. Conversely, Kalore GC and Admira (AD) composites showed harder subsurfaces during the 24 h samples. All the composite resins showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in microhardness values at one of the aging times when they were polymerized with either 12 or 16 J/cm2 light power energy. Composite resin AD had a higher microhardness value after polymerization with 12 J/cm2 than with 16 J/cm2. The results indicated that low-shrinkage composite resins have better subsurface characteristics, and the light power energy of 16 J/cm2 is better for the polymerization of most composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Ping Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Qianqian Wei
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Min Yan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Qi Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Tong Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
| | - Song Zhu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University
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30
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Comba A, Scotti N, Mazzoni A, Maravic T, Ribeiro Cunha S, Michelotto Tempesta R, Carossa M, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L. Carbodiimide inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases in radicular dentine. J Dent 2019; 82:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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31
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Long-term elution of monomers from resin-based dental composites. Dent Mater 2019; 35:477-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lempel E, Őri Z, Szalma J, Lovász BV, Kiss A, Tóth Á, Kunsági-Máté S. Effect of exposure time and pre-heating on the conversion degree of conventional, bulk-fill, fiber reinforced and polyacid-modified resin composites. Dent Mater 2018; 35:217-228. [PMID: 30503020 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the degree of conversion (DC) of different type of resin-based composites (RBC) in eight-millimeter-deep clinically relevant molds, and investigate the influence of exposure time and pre-heating on DC. METHODS Two-millimeter-thick samples of conventional sculptable [FiltekZ250 (FZ)], flowable [Filtek Ultimate Flow (FUF)] and polyacid-modified [Twinky Star Flow (TS)] RBCs, and four-millimeter-thick samples of flowable bulk-fill [Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (FBF), Surefil SDR (SDR)] and sculptable fibre-reinforced [EverX Posterior (EX)] RBCs were prepared in an eight-millimeter-deep mold. The RBCs temperature was pre-set to 25, 35 and 55°C. The RBCs were photopolymerized with the recommended and its double exposure time. The DC at the top and bottom was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Scheffe post-hoc test (p<0.05). RESULTS The differences in DC% between the top/bottom and the recommended/extended exposure time were significant for the materials, except SDR (64.5/63.0% and 67.4/63.0%). FUF (69.0% and 53.4%) and TS (64.9% and 60.9%) in 2mm provided higher DC% at the top and bottom with the recommended curing time, compared to the other materials, except SDR. Pre-heating had negative effect on DC at the bottom in flowable RBCs (FUF: 48.9%, FBF: 36.7%, SDR: 43%, TS: 54.7%). Pre-heating to 55 °C significantly increased the DC% in fibre-reinforced RBC (75.0% at the top, 64.7% at the bottom). SIGNIFICANCE Increased exposure time improves the DC for each material. Among bulk-fills, only SDR performed similarly, compared to the two-millimeter-thick flowable RBCs. Pre-heating of low-viscosity RBCs decreased the DC% at the bottom. Pre-heating of fibre-reinforced RBC to 55°C increased the DC% at a higher rate than the extended curing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adél Kiss
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Tóth
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Leite TDV, Cavalcanti AN, Lima AFD, Gonçalves LDS, Watts DC, Baron GMM, Martins LRM. Light curing resin cements containing iodonium salts promote suitable apical bonding of posts to radicular dentin. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e116. [PMID: 30462750 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the efficiency of experimental light-curing resin cements (ERCs) with a ternary photo-initiator system containing diphenyliodonium hexafluorphosphate (DPI) and different amines on retention of glass-fiber posts to dentin (GFP). ERCs formulations: a 1:1 mass ratio of 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenylpropane and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. Camphorquinone was used as initiator. Six experimental groups were established according to the amine used: [ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate-EDMAB or 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-DMAEMA] and the concentration of DPI (0, 0.5 mol%, 1 mol%). The resin cements Variolink II (dual- and light-cured versions) were used as commercial reference. Eighty recently extracted bovine incisors (n = 10) were selected for this study. The roots were prepared and the fiber posts were cemented with the resin cement specified for each experimental group. Specimens from coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root were subjected to push-out bond strength test 24 hours after bonding. Data were subjected to split-plot ANOVA and the Tukey test (p = 0.05). ERCs containing DPI showed statistically significant higher bond strengths compared with ERCs without DPI. ERCs containing DPI were statistically similar to VARIOLINK II - dual-cured and superior to VARIOLINK II - light-cured (except for EDMAB - 1DPI in the medium third and DMAEMA - 1DPI in the coronal third). Different amines did not influence post retention. The apical root region showed the lowest bond strength for the groups EDAB-0DPI, DMAEMA-0DPI and VARIOLINK II light-cured. Light-cured ERCs containing DPI were efficient for GFP retention to radicular dentin, with similar behaviour to that of dual-curing commercial resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatiana de Vicente Leite
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Adriano Fonseca de Lima
- Universidade Paulista - UNIP, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Souza Gonçalves
- Uiversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - David Christopher Watts
- University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, Division of Dentistry, Manchester, UK
| | - Giselle Maria Marchi Baron
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Roberto Marcondes Martins
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Vervliet P, de Nys S, Boonen I, Duca RC, Elskens M, van Landuyt KL, Covaci A. Qualitative analysis of dental material ingredients, composite resins and sealants using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1576:90-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Lima RBW, Troconis CCM, Moreno MBP, Murillo-Gómez F, De Goes MF. Depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites: A systematic review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:492-501. [PMID: 30375146 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate scientific evidence regarding depth of cure of bulk-fill resin composites (BFRCs) and related factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were accessed from October 2016 to May 2017. Investigations published in English language, assessing depth of cure of BFRCs by microhardness test and/or degree of conversion (DC) were included. Studies using exclusively ISO 4049, employing specimens deepness less than 4 mm, as well as those not reporting exposure time and/or irradiance from light curing units (LCUs) were excluded. RESULTS In total, 742 studies were found from which 33 were included. From 21 studies evaluating BFRCs microhardness, 10 showed acceptable bottom/top ratios (≥0.8) for all tested materials. However, material-dependent results and non-satisfactory bottom/top microhardness ratios (<0.8) were reported in 9 and 2 investigations, respectively. From 19 studies that assessed DC, 11 showed acceptable results (≥50%) for all tested BFRCs, while 8 studies reported material-dependent outcomes. Overall, irradiance from LCUs ranged from 650 to 1330 mW/cm2 and exposure time from 5 to 60 seconds. Favorable depth of cure results were observed with the use of LCUs emitting irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm2 and exposure times ≥20 seconds. CONCLUSIONS High depth of cure rates by BFRCs, depends on some factors as material, irradiance and exposure time. Polywave LCUs were useful but not essential on polymerizing alternative photoinitiator-containing BFRC. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE LED curing devices (polywave or monowave) displaying an irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm2 and 20 seconds of exposure time are imperative to accomplish successful polymerization of most BFRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renally Bezerra Wanderley Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Cristhian Camilo Madrid Troconis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marina Barrêto Pereira Moreno
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Fabián Murillo-Gómez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica-UCR, Rodrigo Facio "Campus,", San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Fernando De Goes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, Campinas, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
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Drost T, Reimann S, Frentzen M, Meister J. Effectiveness of photopolymerization in composite resins using a novel 445-nm diode laser in comparison to LED and halogen bulb technology. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:729-736. [PMID: 30291465 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Challenges especially in the minimal invasive restorative treatment of teeth require further developments of composite polymerization techniques. These include, among others, the securing of a complete polymerization with moderate thermal stress for the pulp. The aim of this study is to compare current light curing sources with a blue diode laser regarding curing depth and heat generation during the polymerization process. A diode laser (445 nm), a LED, and a halogen lamp were used for polymerizing composite resins. The curing depth was determined according to the norm ISO 4049. Laser output powers of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 W were chosen. The laser beam diameter was adapted to the glass rod of the LED and the halogen lamp (8 mm). The irradiation time was fixed at 40 s. To ascertain ΔT values, the surface and ground area temperatures of the cavities were simultaneously determined during the curing via a thermography camera and a thermocouple. The curing depths for the LED (3.3 mm), halogen lamp (3.1 mm) and laser(0.5/1 W) (3/3.3 mm) showed no significant differences (p < 0.05). The values of ΔTsurface as well as ΔTground also showed no significant differences among LED, halogen lamp, and laser(1 W). The ΔTsurface values were 4.1LED, 4.3halogen lamp, and 4.5 °C for the laser while the ΔTground values were 2.7LED, 2.6halogen lamp, and 2.9 °C for the laser. The results indicate that the blue diode laser (445 nm) is a feasible alternative for photopolymerization of complex composite resin restorations in dentistry by the use of selected laser parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Drost
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn University, Dental Faculty, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Reimann
- Oral Technology, Bonn University, Dental Faculty, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Frentzen
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn University, Dental Faculty, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Meister
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn University, Dental Faculty, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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Gürdal I, Atay A, Eichberger M, Cal E, Üsümez A, Stawarczyk B. Color change of CAD-CAM materials and composite resin cements after thermocycling. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:546-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Daugherty MM, Lien W, Mansell MR, Risk DL, Savett DA, Vandewalle KS. Effect of high-intensity curing lights on the polymerization of bulk-fill composites. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1531-1541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Çetindemir AB, Şermet B, Öngül D. The effect of light sources and CAD/CAM monolithic blocks on degree of conversion of cement. J Adv Prosthodont 2018; 10:291-299. [PMID: 30140396 PMCID: PMC6104501 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2018.10.4.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the degree of conversion (DC) and light irradiance delivered to light-cured and dual-cured cements by application of different light sources through various types of monolithic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS RelyX Ultimate Clicker light-cured and dual-cured resin cement specimens with 1.5-mm thicknesses (n=300, 10/group), were placed under four types of crystalline core structure (Vita Enamic, Vita Suprinity, GC Ceresmart, Degudent Prettau Anterior). The specimens were irradiated for 40 seconds with an LED Soft-Start or pulse-delay unit or 20 seconds with a QTH unit. DC ratios were determined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after curing the specimen at 1 day and 1 month. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (for paired comparison) and the Kruskal-Wallis H test (for multiple comparison), with a significance level of P<.05. RESULTS DC values were the highest for RelyX Ultimate Clicker light-cure specimens polymerized with the LED Soft-Start unit. The combination of the Vita Suprinity disc and RelyX Ultimate Clicker dual-cure resin cement yielded significantly higher values at both timepoints with all light units (all, P<.05). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that the DC of RelyX Ultimate Clicker dual-cure resin cement was improved significantly by the use of Vita Suprinity and the LED Soft-Start light unit. We strongly recommend the combined use of an LED light unit and dual-cure luting cement for monolithic ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bülent Şermet
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Değer Öngül
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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40
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Shim JS, Han SH, Jha N, Hwang ST, Ahn W, Lee JY, Ryu JJ. Effect of Irradiance and Exposure Duration on Temperature and Degree of Conversion of Dual-Cure Resin Cement for Ceramic Restorations. Oper Dent 2018; 43:E280-E287. [PMID: 30106334 DOI: 10.2341/17-283-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of irradiance and exposure duration on dual-cured resin cements irradiated through ceramic restorative materials. A single light-curing unit was calibrated to three different irradiances (500, 1000, and 1500 mW/cm2) and irradiated to three different attenuating materials (transparent acryl, lithium disilicate, zirconia) with 1-mm thicknesses for 20 or 60 seconds. The changes in irradiance and temperature were measured with a radiometer (or digital thermometer) under the attenuating materials. The degree of conversion (DC) of dual-cure resin cement after irradiation at different irradiances and exposure durations was measured with Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that irradiance ( p<0.001) and exposure duration ( p<0.001) significantly affected temperature and DC. All groups showed higher DCs with increased exposure times ( p<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups irradiated with 1000 mW/cm2 and 1500 mW/cm2 ( p>0.05). Higher-intensity irradiances yielded higher temperatures ( p<0.05), but exposure time did not affect temperature when materials were irradiated at 500 mW/cm2 ( p>0.05).
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Moreno MBP, Costa AR, Rueggeberg FA, Correr AB, Sinhoreti MAC, Ambrosano GMB, Consani S, Correr L. Effect of Ceramic Interposition and Post-activation Times on Knoop Hardness of Different Shades of Resin Cement. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:76-81. [PMID: 29267529 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate Knoop hardness of different shades of a resin cement light-cured directly or through ceramic discs, measured 15 min or 24 h after light exposure, and at different depths. Specimens of a commercial resin cement (Variolink Veneer) in seven shades, were fabricated in an elastomeric mold, covered with a mylar strip, a 0.7 mm thick ceramic disc (IPS e.max Press) was placed and the cement was light-activated for 20 s using a blue LED (Radii-Cal). The cured resin cement specimens were transversely wet-flattened to their middle portion and microhardness (Knoop) values were recorded at 15 min after light exposure and after deionized water storage at 37 ºC for 24 h. Five indentations were made in the cross-sectional area at 100 and 700 μm depths from the top surface. Ten specimens were made for each test conditions. Data were submitted to ANOVA split-plot design (shade, post-cure time, mode of activation and depth), followed by Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05). Significant differences for shade (p<0.0001), mode of activation (p<0.001), post-cure time (p<0.0001) and depth (p<0.0001) were detected. No significant interactions (p>0.05) were found, except for shade x post-cure time (p<0.0045) and mode of activation x post-cure time (p<0.0003). Resin cement shade has a significant effect on Knoop hardness. Indirect activation through a ceramic material reduced significantly Knoop hardness. Hardness Knoop significantly increased after 24 h in all cements shades compared to values obtained after 15 min. Resin cement depth significantly reduced Knoop hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barrêto Pereira Moreno
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rosa Costa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Frederick Allen Rueggeberg
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Dental Materials, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Américo Bortolazzo Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano
- Department of Community Dentistry, Statistics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Simonides Consani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Putzeys E, Cokic SM, Chong H, Smet M, Vanoirbeek J, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL, Duca RC. Simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A based compounds and other monomers leaching from resin-based dental materials by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2018; 40:1063-1075. [PMID: 28054450 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Resin-based dental materials have raised debates concerning their safety and biocompatibility, resulting in a growing necessity of profound knowledge on the quantity of released compounds into the oral cavity. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive and reliable procedure based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of various leached compounds (including bisphenol A based compounds) in samples from in vitro experiments. Different experiments were performed to determine the optimal analytical parameters, comprising mass spectrometry parameters, chromatographic separation conditions, and sample preparation. Four internal standards were used as follows: deuterated diethyl phthalate and bisphenol A (commercially available), and deuterated analogues of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and urethane dimethacrylate (custom-made). The optimized method was validated for linearity of the calibration curves and the associated correlation coefficient, lower limit of quantification, higher limit of quantification, and intra- and interassay accuracy and precision. Additionally, the developed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to the analysis of leaching compounds from four resin-based dental materials. The results indicated that this method is suitable for the analysis of different target compounds leaching from dental materials. This method might serve as a valuable basis for quick and accurate quantification of leached compounds from resin-based dental materials in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Putzeys
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevan M Cokic
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hui Chong
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Moharam LM, Salem HN, Elgamily HM. The effect of incorporating different concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate on the degree of conversion of an experimental adhesive resin. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e371-e377. [PMID: 29750099 PMCID: PMC5937954 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate incorporation on the degree of conversion of an experimental adhesive resin. Material and Methods The experimental resin was prepared from 70 wt% bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate, 30 wt% hydroxyethyl methacrylate, silanized SiO2 nanofillers, 0.5% of camphorquinone and ethyl 4-dimethylaminebenzoate (binary photo-initiator system). Five chlorhexidine digluconate concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 wt%) were then incorporated into the experimental resin. Thirty Potassium Bromide pellets were prepared then divided into six groups (n=5/group), repre¬senting the tested adhesive resins (Single Bond 2, 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 wt% chlohexidine-incorporated experimental adhesive resins), that were applied to the pellets without light-curing (uncured specimens). Another 30 pellets were prepared and treated with the previous materials then light-cured using LED light-curing device (cured specimens). Degree of conversion of the uncured and the cured specimens were evaluated using FTIR analysis. Results Adper Single Bond 2 showed the highest degree of conversion mean values followed by 0.5 wt% chlorhexidine concentration then 2 wt% followed by 4 wt% then 1 wt% concentrations, while 0 wt% concentration showed the lowest mean values. Conclusions Chlorhexidine digluconate had slight significant influence on the efficiency of polymerization of the experimental adhesive resin. Key words:Chlorhexidine digluconate, different concentrations, degree of conversion, experimental adhesive resin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haidy-Nabil Salem
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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De Santis R, Gloria A, Maietta S, Martorelli M, De Luca A, Spagnuolo G, Riccitiello F, Rengo S. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Dental Composites Cured with CAD/CAM Assisted Solid-State Laser. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040504. [PMID: 29584683 PMCID: PMC5951350 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, it has been frequently reported that the properties of dental restorative composites cured with argon laser are similar or superior to those achieved with conventional halogen and light emitting diode (LED) curing units. Whereas laser curing is not dependent on the distance between the curing unit and the material, such distance represents a drawback for conventional curing units. However, a widespread clinical application of this kind of laser remains difficult due to cost, heavy weight, and bulky size. Recently, with regard to the radiation in the blue region of the spectrum, powerful solid-state lasers have been commercialized. In the current research, CAD (computer-aided design)/CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) assisted solid-state lasers were employed for curing of different dental restorative composites consisting of micro- and nanoparticle-reinforced materials based on acrylic resins. Commercial LED curing units were used as a control. Temperature rise during the photopolymerisation process and bending properties were measured. By providing similar light energy dose, no significant difference in temperature rise was observed when the two light sources provided similar intensity. In addition, after 7 days since curing, bending properties of composites cured with laser and LED were similar. The results suggested that this kind of laser would be suitable for curing dental composites, and the curing process does not suffer from the tip-to-tooth distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Santis
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council of Italy, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54-Mostra d'Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gloria
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council of Italy, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54-Mostra d'Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Saverio Maietta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Fraunhofer JL IDEAS-University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Martorelli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Fraunhofer JL IDEAS-University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy.
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Riccitiello
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sandro Rengo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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Lanza MDS, Andreeta MRB, Pegoraro TA, Pegoraro LF, Carvalho RMD. Influence of curing protocol and ceramic composition on the degree of conversion of resin cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 25:700-707. [PMID: 29211292 PMCID: PMC5701541 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to increasing of aesthetic demand, ceramic crowns are widely used in different situations. However, to obtain long-term prognosis of restorations, a good conversion of resin cement is necessary. To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of one light-cure and two dual-cure resin cements under a simulated clinical cementation of ceramic crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prepared teeth were randomly split according to the ceramic's material, resin cement and curing protocol. The crowns were cemented as per manufacturer's directions and photoactivated either from occlusal suface only for 60 s; or from the buccal, occlusal and lingual surfaces, with an exposure time of 20 s on each aspect. After cementation, the specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 7 days. Specimens were transversally sectioned from occlusal to cervical surfaces and the DC was determined along the cement line with three measurements taken and averaged from the buccal, lingual and approximal aspects using micro-Raman spectroscopy (Alpha 300R/WITec®). Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey test at =5%. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed significant differences among cements, curing protocols and ceramic type (p<0.001). The curing protocol 3x20 resulted in higher DC for all tested conditions; lower DC was observed for Zr ceramic crowns; Duolink resin cement culminated in higher DC regardless ceramic composition and curing protocol. CONCLUSION The DC of resin cement layers was dependent on the curing protocol and type of ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcello Rubens Barsi Andreeta
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Laboratório de Materiais Vítreos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Thiago Amadei Pegoraro
- Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Prótese e Implantodontia, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Fernando Pegoraro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Prótese e Periodontia, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Marins De Carvalho
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Division of Biomaterials, Vancouver, Canada
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Karacolak G, Turkun LS, Boyacioglu H, Ferracane JL. Influence of increment thickness on radiant energy and microhardness of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater J 2017; 37:206-213. [PMID: 29176302 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Determining the energy transferred at the bottom of eleven bulk-fill resin composites, comparing top and bottom microhardness's and evaluating the correlation between microhardness and radiant energy were aimed. Samples were placed over the bottom sensor of a visible light transmission spectrophotometer and polymerized for 20 s. The bottom and top Knoop microhardness were measured. Paired t-test and correlation analysis were used for statistics (p≤0.05). In all groups, the bottom radiant energy decreased significantly with increasing thickness. For groups of Aura 2 mm, X-tra Fil 2 and 4 mm, SDR 2 and 4 mm, X-tra Base 2 mm no significant difference was found between top and bottom microhardness. For the bottom levels of Aura, X-tra Fil, Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior, SDR, X-tra Base groups no significant difference was found between the microhardness's of 2 and 4 mm thicknesses. For X-tra Fil, Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk-Fill, Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable and Z100 groups radiant energy affected positively the microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Karacolak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University
| | - L Sebnem Turkun
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University
| | | | - Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University
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Fleming GJ, Cao X, Romanyk DL, Addison O. Favorable residual stress induction by resin-cementation on dental porcelain. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1258-1265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Comparative bonding ability to dentin of a universal adhesive system and monomer conversion as functions of extended light curing times and storage. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 75:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Misilli T, Gönülol N. Water sorption and solubility of bulk-fill composites polymerized with a third generation LED LCU. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e80. [PMID: 29019552 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the degree of water sorption and solubility in bulk-fills after curing with a polywave light source. A total of 120 disc-shaped specimens (8 mm diameter; 4 mm depth) were prepared from three regular bulk-fill materials (X-tra Fil, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, SonicFill), and a control material (Filtek Z250), cured in 3 different modes (standard: 1000 mW/cm2-20 s; high power: 1400 mW/cm2-12 s; xtra power: 3200 mW/cm2-6 s) using a third generation light-emitting diode light curing unit. Water sorption and solubility levels of the specimens were measured according to the ISO 4049:2009 specification after storing in distilled water for 30 days. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). The Z250 sample exposed to high power presented a higher sorption compared to the X-tra Fil and SonicFill samples. In xtra power mode, the values of Z250 and SonicFill were similar to each other and higher compared to those of X-tra Fil. Only SonicFill exhibited significantly different sorption values depending on the curing mode, the highest of which was achieved when using the xtra power mode. The highest solubility values were obtained for SonicFill. No statistically significant differences were found among other groups. No significant correlation was detected between water sorption and solubility. The traditional composite group exhibited a higher water sorption values than the bulk-fills. The reduction in polymerization time significantly increased the sorption of SonicFill. SonicFill showed the highest water solubility value among the composites tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Misilli
- Balıkesir Oral and Dental Health Center, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Nihan Gönülol
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
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Tongtaksin A, Leevailoj C. Battery Charge Affects the Stability of Light Intensity from Light-emitting Diode Light-curing Units. Oper Dent 2017; 42:497-504. [DOI: 10.2341/15-294-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study investigated the influence of battery charge levels on the stability of light-emitting diode (LED) curing-light intensity by measuring the intensity from fully charged through fully discharged batteries. The microhardness of resin composites polymerized by the light-curing units at various battery charge levels was measured. The light intensities of seven fully charged battery LED light-curing units—1) LY-A180, 2) Bluephase, 3) Woodpecker, 4) Demi Plus, 5) Saab II, 6) Elipar S10, and 7) MiniLED—were measured with a radiometer (Kerr) after every 10 uses (20 seconds per use) until the battery was discharged. Ten 2-mm-thick cylindrical specimens of A3 shade nanofilled resin composite (PREMISE, Kerr) were prepared per LED light-curing unit group. Each specimen was irradiated by the fully charged light-curing unit for 20 seconds. The LED light-curing units were then used until the battery charge fell to 50%. Specimens were prepared again as described above. This was repeated again when the light-curing units' battery charge fell to 25% and when the light intensity had decreased to 400 mW/cm2. The top/bottom surface Knoop hardness ratios of the specimens were determined. The microhardness data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey test at a significance level of 0.05. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine significant correlations between surface hardness and light intensity. We found that the light intensities of the Bluephase, Demi Plus, and Elipar S10 units were stable. The intensity of the MiniLED unit decreased slightly; however, it remained above 400 mW/cm2. In contrast, the intensities of the LY-A180, Woodpecker, and Saab II units decreased below 400 mW/cm2. There was also a significant decrease in the surface microhardnesses of the resin composite specimens treated with MiniLED, LY-A180, Woodpecker, and Saab II. In conclusion, the light intensity of several LED light-curing units decreased as the battery was discharged, with a coincident reduction in the units' ability to polymerize resin composite. Therefore, the intensity of an LED light-curing unit should be evaluated during the life of its battery charge to ensure that sufficient light intensity is being generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tongtaksin
- Apichat Tongtaksin, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Leevailoj
- Chalermpol Leevailoj, DDS, MSD, ABOD, FRCDT, Director of Esthetic Restorative and Implant Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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