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Nacher M, Wang Q, Cenciu B, Aboikoni A, Santa F, Quet F, Vergeade F, Adenis A, Deschamps N, Drak Alsibai K. The Epidemiological Particularities of Malignant Hemopathies in French Guiana: 2005-2014. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2128. [PMID: 38893247 PMCID: PMC11171329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
French Guiana is a French Overseas territory with singular features: it has a high prevalence of HIV and HTLV-1, its population is ethnically mixed, with widespread poverty, and up to 20% of the population lives in geographic isolation. In this context, we used registry data to estimate incidence and mortality due to hematological malignancies and to compare them with France and tropical Latin America. ICD codes C90 and C88 were compiled between 2005 and 2014. The direct standardization of age structure was performed using the world population. Survival analysis was performed, and Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn. The overall standardized incidence rate was 32.9 per 100,000 male years and 24.5 per 100,000 female years. Between 2005 and 2009, the standardized incidence rate was 29.6 per 100,000 among men and 23.6 per 100,000 among women, and between 2010 and 2014, it was 35.6 per 100,000 among men and 25.2 per 100,000 among women. Multiple myeloma/plasmocytoma and mature t/NK cell lymphomas, notably adult t-cell lymphoma/leukemia due to HTLV-1 infection, were the two most common hematologic malignancies and causes of death. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence estimates were greater than global estimates. After adjusting for age, sex, and type of malignancy, people born in a foreign country independently had a poorer case-fatality rate, presumably reflecting difficulties in accessing care. The epidemiology of hematological malignancies in French Guiana has features that distinguish it from mainland France or from Latin America. The incidence of multiple myeloma and adult t-cell lymphoma/leukemia was significantly greater in French Guiana than in France or other Latin American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nacher
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana; (A.A.); (F.Q.); (A.A.); (N.D.)
- Département Formation Recherche Santé, Université de Guyane, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
- Amazonian Institute for Population Health, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Registre des Cancers de Guyane, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana; (Q.W.); (K.D.A.)
| | - Beatrice Cenciu
- Hôpital de Jour Adultes, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana;
| | - Alolia Aboikoni
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana; (A.A.); (F.Q.); (A.A.); (N.D.)
- Service d’Hépatogastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
| | - Florin Santa
- Service de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana;
| | - Fabrice Quet
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana; (A.A.); (F.Q.); (A.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Fanja Vergeade
- Service de Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier de l’Ouest Guyanais, Saint Laurent du Maroni 97320, French Guiana;
| | - Antoine Adenis
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana; (A.A.); (F.Q.); (A.A.); (N.D.)
- Département Formation Recherche Santé, Université de Guyane, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
- Amazonian Institute for Population Health, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
| | - Nathalie Deschamps
- CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana; (A.A.); (F.Q.); (A.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Kinan Drak Alsibai
- Registre des Cancers de Guyane, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana; (Q.W.); (K.D.A.)
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Amazonie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana
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Gong H, Zhang S, Dou J, Chen J. Is human herpesvirus 8 infection more common in men than in women? an updated meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:454. [PMID: 38684967 PMCID: PMC11059601 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, most patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are male, and several direct and indirect mechanisms may underlie this increased susceptibility in men, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is considered to be the primary etiological agent responsible for KS. Thus, we propose the hypothesis that men are more susceptible to HHV-8 infection, leading to a higher incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma among males. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between gender and HHV-8 seropositivity in the general population. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using 6 online databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. Studies published before March 15, 2023, were included. RESULTS In all, 33 articles including 41 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the included adult population. men had a higher risk of HHV-8 infection than did women in adult populations from all over the world (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.15), but no differences were found in child population from all over the world (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79-1.01). There was a significant difference in HHV-8 seroprevalence between men and women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) adult population (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.26). However, no significant differences were observed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) child population (OR: 0.90, 95%CI 0.78-1.03). As for other continents, the results showed no significant difference, such as the Asian population (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 0.92-1.16). or the European and American populations (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.87-1.17). CONCLUSION There was a slight gender disparity for HHV-8 infection in the adult population. Among the adult populations from SSA and globally, men were more likely to be infected with HHV-8 than were women. However, no statistical significance was observed in the child populations from SSA and globally. In the future, the inclusion of more standardized studies may strengthen the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jinfa Dou
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
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Mertelsmann AM, Mukerebe C, Miyaye D, Shigella P, Mhango L, Lutonja P, Corstjens PLAM, de Dood C, van Dam GJ, Colombe S, Maganga JK, Aristide C, Kalluvya SE, Ward MM, Cordeiro AA, Lee MH, Changalucha JM, Downs JA. Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Shedding in Saliva or Cervical Secretions in a Cohort of Tanzanian Women. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae161. [PMID: 38654970 PMCID: PMC11036159 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Reasons for the high prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in sub-Saharan Africa, and risk factors leading to viral reactivation and shedding, remain largely undefined. Preliminary studies have suggested that schistosome infection, which has been associated with impaired viral control, is associated with KSHV. In this study we sought to determine the relationship between active Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium infection and KSHV shedding. Methods We quantified KSHV DNA in saliva and cervical swabs from 2 cohorts of women living in northwestern Tanzanian communities endemic for S mansoni or S haematobium by real-time polymerase chain reaction. χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to determine differences in clinical and demographic factors between those who were and were not shedding KSHV. Results Among 139 total women, 44.6% were KSHV seropositive. Six percent of those with S mansoni and 17.1% of those with S haematobium were actively shedding KSHV in saliva and none in cervical samples. Women from the S mansoni cohort who were shedding virus reported infertility more frequently (80% vs 19.5%, P = .009). There was no difference in frequency of KSHV salivary shedding between schistosome-infected and -uninfected women. Conclusions In an area with high KSHV seroprevalence and endemic schistosome infections, we provide the first report with data demonstrating no association between schistosome infection and salivary or cervical herpesvirus shedding. KSHV salivary shedding was associated with infertility, a known effect of another herpesvirus, human herpesvirus 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Mertelsmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Crispin Mukerebe
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Donald Miyaye
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Peter Shigella
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Loyce Mhango
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Peter Lutonja
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Paul L A M Corstjens
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia de Dood
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Govert J van Dam
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Soledad Colombe
- Outbreak Research Team, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jane K Maganga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Christine Aristide
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Maureen M Ward
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Myung Hee Lee
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M Changalucha
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jennifer A Downs
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Münz C. Immune checkpoints in T cells during oncogenic γ-herpesvirus infections. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e27840. [PMID: 35524342 PMCID: PMC9790391 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two persistent oncogenic γ-herpesviruses with an exclusive tropism for humans. They cause cancers of lymphocyte, epithelial and endothelial cell origin, such as Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Kaposi sarcoma. Mutations in immune-related genes but also adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer patients have revealed molecular requirements for immune control of EBV and KSHV. These include costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors on T cells that are currently explored or already therapeutically targeted in tumor patients. This review discusses these co-receptors and their influence on EBV- and KSHV-associated diseases. The respective studies reveal surprising specificities of some of these receptors for immunity to these tumor viruses, benefits of their blockade for some but not other virus-associated diseases, and that EBV- and KSHV-specific immune control should be monitored during immune checkpoint inhibition to prevent adverse events that might be associated with their reactivation during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology Department, Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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Lamoureux C, Drak Alsibai K, Pradinaud R, Sainte-Marie D, Couppie P, Blaizot R. Kaposi Sarcoma with Mucocutaneous Involvement in French Guiana: An Epidemiological Study between 1969 and 2019. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00709. [DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on Kaposi sarcoma in French Guiana are scarce and out of date. This territory presents unique epidemiological features. The objectives of this retrospective study were to analyse the clinical features, outcome and incidence of the different forms of Kaposi sarcoma in patients diagnosed between 1969 and 2019. The study population comprised a total of 52 patients. Clinical forms included epidemic Kaposi sarcoma (n=30), endemic (n=18), iatrogenic (n=2), classic (n=1) and unclassified Kaposi sarcoma (n=1). The mean annual incidence rate of epidemic Kaposi reached a peak in the 1990s (0.93/100,000) then decreased in the 2000s (0.33/100,000), while the incidence of endemic Kaposi sarcoma reached a peak in the 1980s (0.82/100,000) before decreasing in the 2000s (0.12/100,000). Factors associated with the epidemic form were: sexual intercourse between men (p=0.0054) and Haitian origin (p=0.035). The presence of nodules and/or tumour, lesions limited to the lower limbs, and age >65 years were associated with the endemic form. While Creole populations seem to be as affected by endemic Kaposi sarcoma as their African counterparts, the dynamics of Kaposi sarcoma in French Guiana are now dominated by the epidemic form.
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Jary A, Veyri M, Gothland A, Leducq V, Calvez V, Marcelin AG. Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, the Etiological Agent of All Epidemiological Forms of Kaposi's Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246208. [PMID: 34944828 PMCID: PMC8699694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is one of the seven oncogenic viruses currently recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Its presence for Kaposi’s sarcoma development is essential and knowledge on the oncogenic process has increased since its discovery in 1994. However, some uncertainties remain to be clarified, in particular on the exact routes of transmission and disparities in KSHV seroprevalence and the prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma worldwide. Here, we summarized the current data on the KSHV viral particle’s structure, its genome, the replication, its seroprevalence, the viral diversity and the lytic and latent oncogenesis proteins involved in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Lastly, we reported the environmental, immunological and viral factors possibly associated with KSHV transmission that could also play a role in the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is an oncogenic virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. The viral particle is composed of a double-stranded DNA harboring 90 open reading frames, incorporated in an icosahedral capsid and enveloped. The viral cycle is divided in the following two states: a short lytic phase, and a latency phase that leads to a persistent infection in target cells and the expression of a small number of genes, including LANA-1, v-FLIP and v-cyclin. The seroprevalence and risk factors of infection differ around the world, and saliva seems to play a major role in viral transmission. KSHV is found in all epidemiological forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma including classic, endemic, iatrogenic, epidemic and non-epidemic forms. In a Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion, KSHV is mainly in a latent state; however, a small proportion of viral particles (<5%) are in a replicative state and are reported to be potentially involved in the proliferation of neighboring cells, suggesting they have crucial roles in the process of tumorigenesis. KSHV encodes oncogenic proteins (LANA-1, v-FLIP, v-cyclin, v-GPCR, v-IL6, v-CCL, v-MIP, v-IRF, etc.) that can modulate cellular pathways in order to induce the characteristics found in all cancer, including the inhibition of apoptosis, cells’ proliferation stimulation, angiogenesis, inflammation and immune escape, and, therefore, are involved in the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Jary
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-4217-7401
| | - Marianne Veyri
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Adélie Gothland
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Valentin Leducq
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
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Naimo E, Zischke J, Schulz TF. Recent Advances in Developing Treatments of Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus-Related Diseases. Viruses 2021; 13:1797. [PMID: 34578378 PMCID: PMC8473310 DOI: 10.3390/v13091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the causative agent of several malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Active KSHV replication has also been associated with a pathological condition called KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS), and KSHV may play a role in rare cases of post-transplant polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorders. Several commonly used herpesviral DNA polymerase inhibitors are active against KSHV in tissue culture. Unfortunately, they are not always efficacious against KSHV-induced diseases. To improve the outcome for the patients, new therapeutics need to be developed, including treatment strategies that target either viral proteins or cellular pathways involved in tumor growth and/or supporting the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize the most commonly established treatments against KSHV-related diseases and review recent developments and promising new compounds that are currently under investigation or on the way to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Naimo
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (E.N.); (J.Z.)
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jasmin Zischke
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (E.N.); (J.Z.)
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (E.N.); (J.Z.)
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence 2155 RESIST, Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Blumenthal MJ, Cornejo Castro EM, Whitby D, Katz AA, Schäfer G. Evidence for altered host genetic factors in KSHV infection and KSHV-related disease development. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2160. [PMID: 33043529 PMCID: PMC8047912 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS-related malignancy. It also causes other rare, but certainly underreported, KSHV-associated pathologies, namely primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. Epidemiology and pathogenicity studies point to the potential for host genetic predisposition to KSHV infection and/or the subsequent development of KSHV-associated pathologies partly explaining the peculiar geographic and population-specific incidence of KSHV and associated pathologies and discrepancies in KSHV exposure and infection and KSHV infection and disease development. This review consolidates the current knowledge of host genetic factors involved in the KSHV-driven pathogenesis. Studies reviewed here indicate a plausible connection between KSHV susceptibility and host genetic factors that affect either viral access to host cells via entry mechanisms or host innate immunity to viral infection. Subsequent to infection, KSHV-associated pathogenesis, reviewed here primarily in the context of KS, is likely influenced by an orchestrated concert of innate immune system interactions, downstream inflammatory pathways and oncogenic mechanisms. The association studies reviewed here point to interesting candidate genes that may prove important in achieving a more nuanced understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of KSHV and associated diseases. Recent studies on host genetic factors suggest numerous candidate genes strongly associated with KSHV infection or subsequent disease development, particularly innate immune system mediators. Taken together, these contribute toward our understanding of the geographic prevalence and population susceptibility to KSHV and KSHV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Blumenthal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Elena Maria Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Arieh A. Katz
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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Epidemiology and Genetic Variability of HHV-8/KSHV among Rural Populations and Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients in Gabon, Central Africa. Review of the Geographical Distribution of HHV-8 K1 Genotypes in Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020175. [PMID: 33503816 PMCID: PMC7911267 DOI: 10.3390/v13020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiological agent of all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). K1 gene studies have identified five major molecular genotypes with geographical clustering. This study described the epidemiology of HHV-8 and its molecular diversity in Gabon among Bantu and Pygmy adult rural populations and KS patients. Plasma antibodies against latency-associated nuclear antigens (LANA) were searched by indirect immunofluorescence. Buffy coat DNA samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to obtain a K1 gene fragment. We studied 1020 persons; 91% were Bantus and 9% Pygmies. HHV-8 seroprevalence was 48.3% and 36.5% at the 1:40 and 1:160 dilution thresholds, respectively, although the seroprevalence of HHV-8 is probably higher in Gabon. These seroprevalences did not differ by sex, age, ethnicity or province. The detection rate of HHV-8 K1 sequence was 2.6% by PCR. Most of the 31 HHV-8 strains belonged to the B genotype (24), while the remaining clustered within the A5 subgroup (6) and one belonged to the F genotype. Additionally, we reviewed the K1 molecular diversity of published HHV-8 strains in Africa. This study demonstrated a high seroprevalence of HHV-8 in rural adult populations in Gabon and the presence of genetically diverse strains with B, A and also F genotypes.
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Sallah N, Miley W, Labo N, Carstensen T, Fatumo S, Gurdasani D, Pollard MO, Dilthey AT, Mentzer AJ, Marshall V, Cornejo Castro EM, Pomilla C, Young EH, Asiki G, Hibberd ML, Sandhu M, Kellam P, Newton R, Whitby D, Barroso I. Distinct genetic architectures and environmental factors associate with host response to the γ2-herpesvirus infections. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3849. [PMID: 32737300 PMCID: PMC7395761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establish life-long infections and are associated with malignancies. Striking geographic variation in incidence and the fact that virus alone is insufficient to cause disease, suggests other co-factors are involved. Here we present epidemiological analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 4365 individuals from an African population cohort, to assess the influence of host genetic and non-genetic factors on virus antibody responses. EBV/KSHV co-infection (OR = 5.71(1.58-7.12)), HIV positivity (OR = 2.22(1.32-3.73)) and living in a more rural area (OR = 1.38(1.01-1.89)) are strongly associated with immunogenicity. GWAS reveals associations with KSHV antibody response in the HLA-B/C region (p = 6.64 × 10-09). For EBV, associations are identified for VCA (rs71542439, p = 1.15 × 10-12). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and trans-ancestry fine-mapping substantiate that distinct variants in HLA-DQA1 (p = 5.24 × 10-44) are driving associations for EBNA-1 in Africa. This study highlights complex interactions between KSHV and EBV, in addition to distinct genetic architectures resulting in important differences in pathogenesis and transmission.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Coinfection
- Disease Resistance/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- HIV/genetics
- HIV/immunology
- HIV/pathogenicity
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/genetics
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/immunology
- Henipavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Henipavirus Infections/genetics
- Henipavirus Infections/immunology
- Henipavirus Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Rural Population
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/genetics
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Uganda/epidemiology
- Urban Population
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Affiliation(s)
- Neneh Sallah
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Wendell Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- MRC/UVRI at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Martin O Pollard
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander T Dilthey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vickie Marshall
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena M Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Paul Kellam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Complex, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Newton
- MRC/UVRI at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Exeter Centre of ExcEllence in Diabetes (ExCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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11
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Herpes Virus Infections Other than Cytomegalovirus in the Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019; 33:467-484. [PMID: 31005137 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of herpes viruses other than cytomegalovirus in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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12
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Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Glycoprotein H Is Indispensable for Infection of Epithelial, Endothelial, and Fibroblast Cell Types. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00630-19. [PMID: 31142670 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00630-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an emerging pathogen and is the causative infectious agent of Kaposi sarcoma and two malignancies of B cell origin. To date, there is no licensed KSHV vaccine. Development of an effective vaccine against KSHV continues to be limited by a poor understanding of how the virus initiates acute primary infection in vivo in diverse human cell types. The role of glycoprotein H (gH) in herpesvirus entry mechanisms remains largely unresolved. To characterize the requirement for KSHV gH in the viral life cycle and in determination of cell tropism, we generated and characterized a mutant KSHV in which expression of gH was abrogated. Using a bacterial artificial chromosome containing a complete recombinant KSHV genome and recombinant DNA technology, we inserted stop codons into the gH coding region. We used electron microscopy to reveal that the gH-null mutant virus assembled and exited from cells normally, compared to wild-type virus. Using purified virions, we assessed infectivity of the gH-null mutant in diverse mammalian cell types in vitro Unlike wild-type virus or a gH-containing revertant, the gH-null mutant was unable to infect any of the epithelial, endothelial, or fibroblast cell types tested. However, its ability to infect B cells was equivocal and remains to be investigated in vivo due to generally poor infectivity in vitro Together, these results suggest that gH is critical for KSHV infection of highly permissive cell types, including epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast cells.IMPORTANCE All homologues of herpesvirus gH studied to date have been implicated in playing an essential role in viral infection of diverse permissive cell types. However, the role of gH in the mechanism of KSHV infection remains largely unresolved. In this study, we generated a gH-null mutant KSHV and provided evidence that deficiency of gH expression did not affect viral particle assembly or egress. Using the gH-null mutant, we showed that gH was indispensable for KSHV infection of epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast cells in vitro This suggests that gH is an important target for the development of a KSHV prophylactic vaccine to prevent initial viral infection.
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13
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Blumenthal MJ, Schutz C, Meintjes G, Mohamed Z, Mendelson M, Ambler JM, Whitby D, Mackelprang RD, Carse S, Katz AA, Schäfer G. EPHA2 sequence variants are associated with susceptibility to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and Kaposi's sarcoma prevalence in HIV-infected patients. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 56:133-139. [PMID: 30176543 PMCID: PMC6206435 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if variations exist in the KSHV host receptor EPHA2's coding region that affect KSHV infectivity and/or KS prevalence among South African HIV-infected patients. METHODS A retrospective candidate gene association study was performed on 150 patients which were randomly selected from a total of 756 HIV-infected patients and grouped according to their KS status and KSHV serodiagnosis; namely group 1: KS+/KSHV+; group 2: KS-/KSHV+; group 3: KS-/KSHV-. Peripheral blood DNA was used to extract DNA and PCR amplify and sequence the entire EPHA2 coding region, which was compared to the NCBI reference through multiple alignment. RESULTS 100% (95% CI 92.9-100%) of the KS positive patients, and 31.6% (95% CI 28.3-35.1%) of the KS negative patients were found to be KSHV seropositive. Aggregate variation across the entire EPHA2 coding region identified an association with KS (OR = 6.6 (95% CI 2.8, 15.9), p = 2.2 × 10-5). This was primarily driven by variation in the functionally important protein tyrosine kinase domain (Pkinase-Tyr; OR = 4.9 (95% CI 1.9, 12.4), p = 0.001) and the sterile-α-motif (SAM; OR = 13.8 (95% CI 1.7, 111.6), p = 0.014). Mutation analysis revealed two novel, non-synonymous heterozygous variants (c.2254 T > C: OR undefined, adj. p = 0.02; and c.2990 G > T: OR undefined, adj. p = 0.04) in Pkinase-Tyr and SAM, respectively, to be statistically associated with KS; and a novel heterozygous transition (c.2727C > T: OR = 6.4 (95% CI 1.4, 28.4), adj. p = 0.03) in Pkinase-Tyr to be statistically associated with KSHV. CONCLUSIONS Variations in the KSHV entry receptor gene EPHA2 affected susceptibility to KSHV infection and KS development in a South African HIV-infected patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Blumenthal
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zainab Mohamed
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon M Ambler
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NIH, USA
| | | | - Sinead Carse
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arieh A Katz
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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14
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Omura Y, Lu D, Duvvi H, Nihrane A, Shimotsuura Y, Ohki M. Human Papilloma Virus-Type 16 (HPV-16) & Human Herpes Virus-Type 8 (HHV-8) infections were found to be co-existing major cancer-contributing factors. Individualized, safe, effective treatment of hopelessly advanced cancer patients with metastasis by combining 4 methods of effective
treatment: 1) Optimal dose of Vitamin D 3 using its 10 unique beneficial effects, 2) Selective Drug Uptake Enhancement Method, 3) Stimulation of newly discovered Thymus gland representation areas on the back of each hand, & 4) Identification & removal of co-existing cancer-contributing
factors. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 2018. [DOI: 10.3727/036012918x15353852193140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous study indicated Human Papilloma Virus-Type 16 (HPV-16) has important role in genesis of ovarian cancer, uterus cancer, & breast cancer. Omura, Y. noticed HPV-16 virus co-exists with single-cell parasite Toxoplasma Gondii (T.G.) infection in most of the cancer tissues he
examined. Therefore, he thought some unknown virus must exist in the T.G. In early 2018, he found there is strong Human Herpes Virus-Type 8 (HHV-8) infection in every cell of Toxoplasma Gondii he examined. Thus, we found in every cancer cells there are co-existing cancer-promoting factors
of HPV-16 & HHV-8 infection associated with Toxoplasma Gondii. As a common source of these infections in human cancer patients, we found most egg yolk has co-existing HPV-16, HHV-8 & Toxoplasma Gondii, but egg whites are free of these infections & can be eaten safely as protein
supply. Many cats and dogs also have these infections. As most important, safe treatment of cancer, we found repeated optimal dose of Vitamin D3 with optimal interval of about 8 hours is ideal because of 10 unique, beneficial effects discovered by him. Individually determined one
optimal dose of Vitamin D3 has most effective anti-cancer effects in hopeless, advanced, cancer patients by reducing extremely high Integrin α5β1 of over 1500ng to normal value of 0.002∼0.004ng and 8-OH-dG (proportional to DNA mutation which
is required for cancer growth) of over 60∼80ng to normal value of 0.1∼0.25ng for average 8 hours and 6000∼9000ng of strong pathogenic infection of HPV-16 & HHV-8 in cancer tissue reduced to safe range of less than 500ng by markedly increased urinary excretion. Concerning beneficial
effect of optimal dose of Vitamin D3, all the previous studies failed to use individualized optimal dose. As a result, they could not properly evaluate beneficial effects & side effects and many reports claimed there were no significant beneficial effects including anti-cancer
effects. Although optimal dose of Vitamin D3 can eliminate these viral infections very significantly but not less than 500∼300ng. Cancer incidence is only significant when these viruses are above 6000ng inside the body. Thus, we can keep potentially serious patients with strong
cancer-contributing virus infections at relatively safe low degree of infection of much less than 3000ng. Our ideal treatment for advanced cancer patients is a combination of 1) Individually determined Optimal dose of Vitamin D3 with optimal interval of about 8 hours, 2) Selective
Drug Uptake Enhancement Method by manual stimulation organ representation area of pathological organs at hands, 3) Stimulation of Thymus gland representation area of the back of the hand which was discovered by Omura, Y. in 2017, & 4) Identification & removal of multiple co-existing
cancer-promoting factors. This combination of 4 new methods of treatment was found to be most effective & safe treatment for not only hopelessly advanced cancer patients but also many other difficult medical problems.
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15
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Mariggiò G, Koch S, Schulz TF. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus pathogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0275. [PMID: 28893942 PMCID: PMC5597742 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), taxonomical name human gammaherpesvirus 8, is a phylogenetically old human virus that co-evolved with human populations, but is now only common (seroprevalence greater than 10%) in sub-Saharan Africa, around the Mediterranean Sea, parts of South America and in a few ethnic communities. KSHV causes three human malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and many cases of the plasmablastic form of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) as well as occasional cases of plasmablastic lymphoma arising from MCD; it has also been linked to rare cases of bone marrow failure and hepatitis. As it has colonized humans physiologically for many thousand years, cofactors are needed to allow it to unfold its pathogenic potential. In most cases, these include immune defects of genetic, iatrogenic or infectious origin, and inflammation appears to play an important role in disease development. Our much improved understanding of its life cycle and its role in pathogenesis should now allow us to develop new therapeutic strategies directed against key viral proteins or intracellular pathways that are crucial for virus replication or persistence. Likewise, its limited (for a herpesvirus) distribution and transmission should offer an opportunity for the development and use of a vaccine to prevent transmission. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human oncogenic viruses’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mariggiò
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Koch
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany .,German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Lee YM, Hung PS, Lin CW. Seroepidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of human herpesvirus type 8 in injection drug users and men who have sex with men in northern Taiwan. J Int Med Res 2018; 48:300060518764747. [PMID: 29595344 PMCID: PMC7113484 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518764747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is transmissible and causes Kaposi’s sarcoma and
other malignancies. This study analyzed the seroepidemiology and phylogeny
of HHV-8 among 515 injection drug users (IDUs) and 229 men who have sex with
men (MSM) in Taiwan. Methods Blood and peripheral mononuclear cells were analyzed for HHV-8 seroprevalence
using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunofluorescence assays. Viral loads
were measured using a real-time PCR assay. Phylogenetic analysis of the K1
gene was performed using nested PCR and DNA sequencing. Results HHV-8 infection rate was higher in MSM (24.9%) than in IDUs (3.8%). The rate
of HHV-8 infection was higher in HIV-1-positive patients (32.8%, MSM; 5.5%,
IDUs) than in HIV-1 negative patients. HHV-8 load was not significantly
different between HHV-8 seropositive and seronegative patients. HHV-8
genotypes C and A variants were detected at frequencies of 80% and 20%,
respectively, among IDUs; and genotypes C, D, E, and A were detected at
frequencies of 55.6%, 11.1%, 11.1%, and 5.6%, respectively, among MSM.
Variants of K1 amino acid residues 54–84 were detected in most IDUs and
MSM. Conclusions HHV-8 prevalence was significantly higher among MSM than among IDUs.
Evolution of the K1 gene occurred in HHV-8 variants of IDUs and MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ming Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shih Hung
- Department of Education and Medical Research, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, 38019 China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Ueda K. KSHV Genome Replication and Maintenance in Latency. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1045:299-320. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7230-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Crabtree KL, Wojcicki JM, Minhas V, Kankasa C, Mitchell C, Wood C. Association of Household Food- and Drink-Sharing Practices With Human Herpesvirus 8 Seroconversion in a Cohort of Zambian Children. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:842-849. [PMID: 28961804 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection occurs in early childhood and is associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and risk for Kaposi sarcoma, but behaviors associated with HHV-8 transmission are not well described. Methods We enrolled and followed a prospective cohort of 270 children and their household members to investigate risk factors for HHV-8 transmission in Lusaka, Zambia. Results We report an incidence of 30.07 seroconversions per 100 child-years. Independent risk factors for HHV-8 incident infection included having a child who shared utensils with a primary caregiver (hazards ratio [HR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-7.14), having an increasing number of HHV-8-infected household members (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09-2.79), and having ≥5 siblings/children in the household (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.03-4.88). Playing with >5 children a day was protective against infection (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, .33-0.89), as was increasing child age (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, .93-.99). Conclusions This is the first study to find a temporal association between limited child feeding behaviors and risk for HHV-8 infection. Child food- and drink-sharing behaviors should be included in efforts to minimize HHV-8 transmission, and households with a large number of siblings should receive additional counseling as childhood infections occur in the home context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L Crabtree
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln
| | - Janet M Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Veenu Minhas
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Chipepo Kankasa
- Department of Pediatrics, University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Charles Wood
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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19
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Dicko A, Fofana Y, Traoré A, Berthé S, Touré S, Lamissa C, Guindo B, Keita A, Faye O. Kaposi's disease in an HIV positive child, with probable contamination from his grandmother. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28623553 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-017-0566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's disease in children with HIV is rarely reported in everyday practice. This is a case study of cutaneous Kaposi's disease revealing HIV in a 5-year-old child with polymorphic eruption of papules and nodules on the face, trunk, back, and limbs. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi's disease. The child's HIV serology was positive with a CD4 count of 240/mm3, normochromic and normocytic anemia, and a hemoglobin level at 8.5 g/dl. It was found that the child, after early weaning from his HIV-negative mother, had repeatedly suckled his healthy grandmother, who had no skin lesions but was HIV1 positive. Both grandmother and child were referred for treatment in their locality. The case is noteworthy for the way in which the HIV1 virus infected the child during weaning and then being suckled by his grandmother. The child already had an initial dental flare that could have injured his grandmother. Thus, in our case, there is a contamination by HIV1 virus most likely from the grandmother and contamination by the HHV8 virus, source unidentified as a technical plateau was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dicko
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Y Fofana
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali
| | - A Traoré
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali
| | - S Berthé
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali
| | - S Touré
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali
| | - C Lamissa
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali
| | - B Guindo
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali
| | - A Keita
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali
| | - O Faye
- Centre national d'appui à la lutte contre la maladie (CNAM), Secondary Rte, Bamako, Mali
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20
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Sikora AG, Shnayder Y, Yee H, DeLacure MD. Oropharyngeal Kaposi Sarcoma in Related Persons Negative for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017; 117:172-6. [DOI: 10.1177/000348940811700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor that can affect the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Although KS is the most common malignancy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, it is rare in immunocompetent persons. We describe an unusual presentation of KS in 2 related individuals and describe our attempts to determine whether oropharyngeal KS is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Methods: All relevant clinical and surgical information, including information on tumor histopathologic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serologic tests, was abstracted from the patient charts and electronic databases. HHV-8 immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-fixed specimens. Results: Both patient 1 and patient 2 (the nephew of patient 1) were referred for workup of a tonsillar mass that was pathologically confirmed to be KS. In each case, HIV serologic testing was negative, and a screening immunologic workup, including a quantitative natural killer cell count, a B- and T-lymphocyte count, and immunoglobulin analysis, also yielded findings that were within normal limits. Immunohistochemistry performed on 1 pathological specimen showed positive staining for the presence of HHV-8, the etiologic agent of KS. Conclusions: The presence of oropharyngeal KS in 2 related HIV-negative individuals supports a role for genetic factors in susceptibility to KS, a common exposure to an infectious agent such as HHV-8, or both. Whereas most KS cases in industrialized countries are associated with immunodeficiency, clinical and laboratory data do not suggest that either of the patients described in this report are immunodeficient. Their susceptibility to KS may be secondary to a subtle inherited defect in host resistance to HHV-8, or another unknown factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Sikora
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yelizaveta Shnayder
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Herman Yee
- Departments of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark D. DeLacure
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Pedergnana V, Martel-Jantin C, Nicol JTJ, Leblond V, Tortevoye P, Coursaget P, Touzé A, Abel L, Gessain A. Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus Infection Occurs during Early Childhood with Intrafamilial Transmission, Especially from Mother to Child. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1181-1183. [PMID: 28108298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pedergnana
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Martel-Jantin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR3569, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme T J Nicol
- Université F Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France; INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Leblond
- Université F Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France; INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Patricia Tortevoye
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Coursaget
- Université F Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Touzé
- Université F Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France; INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR3569, Paris, France.
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22
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Li S, Bai L, Dong J, Sun R, Lan K. Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology and Molecular Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1018:91-127. [PMID: 29052134 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5765-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is a member of the lymphotropic gammaherpesvirus subfamily and a human oncogenic virus. Since its discovery in AIDS-associated KS tissues by Drs. Yuan Chang and Patrick Moore, much progress has been made in the past two decades. There are four types of KS including classic KS, endemic KS, immunosuppressive therapy-related KS, and AIDS-associated KS. In addition to KS, KSHV is also involved in the development of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and certain types of multicentric Castleman's disease. KSHV manipulates numerous viral proteins to promote the progression of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology and molecular biology of KSHV and the mechanisms underlying KSHV-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Kumar B, Chandran B. KSHV Entry and Trafficking in Target Cells-Hijacking of Cell Signal Pathways, Actin and Membrane Dynamics. Viruses 2016; 8:v8110305. [PMID: 27854239 PMCID: PMC5127019 DOI: 10.3390/v8110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is etiologically associated with human endothelial cell hyperplastic Kaposi's sarcoma and B-cell primary effusion lymphoma. KSHV infection of adherent endothelial and fibroblast cells are used as in vitro models for infection and KSHV enters these cells by host membrane bleb and actin mediated macropinocytosis or clathrin endocytosis pathways, respectively. Infection in endothelial and fibroblast cells is initiated by the interactions between multiple viral envelope glycoproteins and cell surface associated heparan sulfate (HS), integrins (α3β1, αVβ3 and αVβ5), and EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase (EphA2R). This review summarizes the accumulated studies demonstrating that KSHV manipulates the host signal pathways to enter and traffic in the cytoplasm of the target cells, to deliver the viral genome into the nucleus, and initiate viral gene expression. KSHV interactions with the cell surface receptors is the key platform for the manipulations of host signal pathways which results in the simultaneous induction of FAK, Src, PI3-K, Rho-GTPase, ROS, Dia-2, PKC ζ, c-Cbl, CIB1, Crk, p130Cas and GEF-C3G signal and adaptor molecules that play critical roles in the modulation of membrane and actin dynamics, and in the various steps of the early stages of infection such as entry and trafficking towards the nucleus. The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins are also recruited to assist in viral entry and trafficking. In addition, KSHV interactions with the cell surface receptors also induces the host transcription factors NF-κB, ERK1/2, and Nrf2 early during infection to initiate and modulate viral and host gene expression. Nuclear delivery of the viral dsDNA genome is immediately followed by the host innate responses such as the DNA damage response (DDR), inflammasome and interferon responses. Overall, these studies form the initial framework for further studies of simultaneous targeting of KSHV glycoproteins, host receptor, signal molecules and trafficking machinery that would lead into novel therapeutic methods to prevent KSHV infection of target cells and consequently the associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Bala Chandran
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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24
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Teo CG. Conceptual Emergence of Human Herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus) as an Oral Herpesvirus. Adv Dent Res 2016; 19:85-90. [PMID: 16672556 DOI: 10.1177/154407370601900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of the various clinico-epidemiologic forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma, a disease putatively caused by an infectious agent, did not provide ready clues as to how that agent might be transmitted, although fecal and sexual routes were implicated. Application of serologic and genome-detection assays, and cell-culture studies following the identification of human herpesvirus 8 as the causative agent now implicate that virus as one that is orally shed. While oral transmission of the virus might account for the viral endemicity in Africa and Mediterranean countries, why it is particularly prevalent among male homosexuals in the West remains more difficult to explain. Such explanation may be sought from behavioral studies into the role saliva plays in sexual interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Teo
- Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Ave., London NW9 5HT, UK.
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25
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Hulaniuk ML, Torres O, Bartoli S, Fortuny L, Burgos Pratx L, Nuñez F, Salamone H, Corach D, Trinks J, Caputo M. Increased prevalence of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) genome among blood donors from North-Western Argentina. J Med Virol 2016; 89:518-527. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Hulaniuk
- Basic Science and Experimental Medicine Institute (ICBME); University Institute of the Italian Hospital; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Oscar Torres
- Transfusion Medicine Unit; “Ramón Sardá” Maternity Hospital; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sonia Bartoli
- Transfusion Medicine Unit; “Pablo Soria” Hospital; San Salvador de Jujuy Jujuy Argentina
| | - Lisandro Fortuny
- Transfusion Medicine Unit; Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Leandro Burgos Pratx
- Transfusion Medicine Unit; Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Félix Nuñez
- Transfusion Medicine Unit; Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Horacio Salamone
- Transfusion Medicine Unit; Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Daniel Corach
- Universidad de Buenos Aires; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Departamento de Microbiología; Inmunología y Biotecnología; Cátedra de Genética Forense y Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Julieta Trinks
- Basic Science and Experimental Medicine Institute (ICBME); University Institute of the Italian Hospital; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariela Caputo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Departamento de Microbiología; Inmunología y Biotecnología; Cátedra de Genética Forense y Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
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26
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Stutzman-Rodriguez K, Rovnak J, VandeWoude S, Troyer RM. Domestic cats seropositive for Felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 are often qPCR negative. Virology 2016; 498:23-30. [PMID: 27540873 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (FcaGHV1) is a newly described virus that infects domestic cats. To identify FcaGHV1 antigens, we developed an immunofluorescent antibody assay by expressing FcaGHV1 open reading frames (ORFs) in feline cells and incubating fixed cells with sera from FcaGHV1-positive cats. Of the seven ORFs tested, ORF52 and ORF38 had the strongest, most consistent antibody responses. We used recombinant ORF52 and ORF38 proteins to develop two FcaGHV1 ELISAs. These assays were used to detect reactivity in cats previously tested by qPCR for FcaGHV1 in blood cell DNA. Results indicated 32%FcaGHV1seroprevalence, compared to 15%qPCR-evaluated prevalence (n=133);all but one qPCR positive animal was seropositive. ELISA results confirmed infection risk factors previously identified by qPCR: geographic location, male sex, and adult age. These data suggest that FcaGHV1is a common infection of domestic cats that has a seropositive but often qPCR negative state characteristic of herpesviral latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Stutzman-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Joel Rovnak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Ryan M Troyer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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27
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Hesamizadeh K, Keyvani H, Bokharaei-Salim F, Monavari SH, Esghaei M, Jahanbakhsh Sefidi F. Molecular Epidemiology of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpes Virus, and Risk Factors in HIV-infected Patients in Tehran, 2014. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e32603. [PMID: 28191343 PMCID: PMC5292624 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.32603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) remains the most common malignancy among HIV-infected patients. Human herpesvirus type-8 (HHV-8) is regarded as the infectious etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KSHV). Diagnostic procedures associated with KSHV are not routinely performed in HIV-infected subjects. Objectives The main objective of this study is to obtain information on KSHV epidemiology in Iranian HIV-infected individuals. Patients and Methods In the present cross-sectional study, 109 patients with established HIV infection, who visited a governmental and referral center for HIV screening in Tehran (Tehran west health center (TWHC)) between May 2014 and July 2015 were enrolled according to the convenience sample strategy. After peripheral blood collection, isolation of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) compartments, DNA extraction was performed. KSHV DNA was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) using primers from ORF-26 (virus minor capsid). Results Among all 109 HIV-infected patients, 67 (61.5%) were male, with an age range of 2 - 64 years (mean ± standard deviation 35.8 ± 13.3). KSHV DNA was found in PBMC and plasma samples of six (5.5%) and four (3.6%) patients, respectively. Conclusions This study revealed a considerable prevalence of KSHV DNA, during latent and lytic phases, among HIV-infected patients. Risk factors for KSHV infection acquisition and concurrent. 0+infection with HIV were also evaluated. Diagnosis of KSHV in the group could be helpful for prognosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Hesamizadeh
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- HIV Laboratory of National Center, Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Maryam Esghaei, Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2186703014, E-mail:
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28
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Feiterna-Sperling C, Königs C, Notheis G, Buchholz B, Krüger R, Weizsäcker K, Eberle J, Hanhoff N, Gärtner B, Heider H, Krüger DH, Hofmann J. High seroprevalence of antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) among HIV-1-infected children and adolescents in a non-endemic population. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:425-34. [PMID: 27240652 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which primarily affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with advanced immunodeficiency. Currently, only limited prevalence data for HHV-8 infection in HIV-infected children living in non-endemic areas are available. This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in four university hospitals in Germany specializing in pediatric HIV care. Stored serum specimens obtained from 207 vertically HIV-1-infected children and adolescents were tested for antibodies against lytic and latent HHV-8 antigens. Logistic regression was used to assess independent risk factors associated with HHV-8 seropositivity. The overall HHV-8 seroprevalence was 24.6 % (n = 51/207) without significant differences related to sex, age, or ethnicity. In univariate analysis, HHV-8 seropositivity was significantly associated with a child having being born outside Germany, maternal origin from sub-Saharan Africa, a history of breastfeeding, CDC immunologic category 3, and deferred initiation of antiretroviral therapy (>24 months of age). In multivariate analysis, a child's birth outside Germany was the only significant risk factor for HHV-8 seropositivity (odds ratio 3.98; 95 % confidence interval 1.27-12.42). HHV-8-associated malignancies were uncommon; only one patient had a history of KS. Serum specimen of vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents living in Germany showed a high HHV-8 seroprevalence. These findings suggest that primary HHV-8 infection-a risk factor for KS and other HHV-8-associated malignancies-occurs early in life. Thus, management of perinatally HIV-infected children should include testing for HHV-8 coinfection and should consider future risks of HHV-8-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Feiterna-Sperling
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christoph Königs
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gundula Notheis
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Buchholz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Krüger
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Josef Eberle
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikola Hanhoff
- German Association of Physicians in HIV Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Gärtner
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Saarland Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Harald Heider
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev H Krüger
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Begré L, Rohner E, Mbulaiteye SM, Egger M, Bohlius J. Is human herpesvirus 8 infection more common in men than in women? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:776-83. [PMID: 27062038 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
All forms of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) are more common in men than in women. It is unknown if this is due to a higher prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the underlying cause of KS, in men compared to women. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between HHV-8 seropositivity and gender in the general population. Studies in selected populations like for example, blood donors, hospital patients and men who have sex with men were excluded. We searched Medline and Embase from January 1994 to February 2015. We included observational studies that recruited participants from the general population and reported HHV-8 seroprevalence for men and women or boys and girls. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool odds ratios (OR) of the association between HHV-8 and gender. We used meta-regression to identify effect modifiers, including age, geographical region and type of HHV-8 antibody test. We included 22 studies, with 36,175 participants. Men from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [OR 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.34], but not men from elsewhere (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.06), were more likely to be HHV-8 seropositive than women (p value for interaction = 0.010). There was no difference in HHV-8 seroprevalence between boys and girls from SSA (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.72-1.13). The type of HHV-8 assay did not affect the overall results. A higher HHV-8 seroprevalence in men than women in SSA may partially explain why men have a higher KS risk in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Begré
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Rohner
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthias Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Research, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia Bohlius
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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El-Mallawany NK, Kamiyango W, Slone JS, Villiera J, Kovarik CL, Cox CM, Dittmer DP, Ahmed S, Schutze GE, Scheurer ME, Kazembe PN, Mehta PS. Clinical Factors Associated with Long-Term Complete Remission versus Poor Response to Chemotherapy in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents with Kaposi Sarcoma Receiving Bleomycin and Vincristine: A Retrospective Observational Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153335. [PMID: 27082863 PMCID: PMC4833299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV-associated malignancy in children and adolescents in Africa. Pediatric KS is distinct from adult disease. We evaluated the clinical characteristics associated with long-term outcomes. We performed a retrospective observational analysis of 70 HIV-infected children and adolescents with KS less than 18 years of age diagnosed between 8/2010 and 6/2013 in Lilongwe, Malawi. Local first-line treatment included bleomycin and vincristine plus nevirapine-based highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Median age was 8.6 years (range 1.7–17.9); there were 35 females (50%). Most common sites of presentation were: lymph node (74%), skin (59%), subcutaneous nodules (33%), oral (27%), woody edema (24%), and visceral (16%). Eighteen (26%) presented with lymphadenopathy only. Severe CD4 suppression occurred in 28%. At time of KS diagnosis, 49% were already on HAART. Overall, 28% presented with a platelet count < 100 x 109/L and 37% with hemoglobin < 8 g/dL. The 2-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 46% and 58% respectively (median follow-up 29 months, range 15–50). Multivariable analysis of risk of death and failure to achieve EFS demonstrated that visceral disease (odds ratios [OR] 19.08 and 11.61, 95% CI 2.22–163.90 and 1.60–83.95 respectively) and presenting with more than 20 skin/oral lesions (OR 9.57 and 22.90, 95% CI 1.01–90.99 and 1.00–524.13 respectively) were independent risk factors for both. Woody edema was associated with failure to achieve EFS (OR 7.80, 95% CI 1.84–33.08) but not death. Univariable analysis revealed that lymph node involvement was favorable for EFS (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.99), while T1 TIS staging criteria, presence of cytopenias, and severe immune suppression were not associated with increased mortality. Long-term complete remission is achievable in pediatric KS, however outcomes vary according to clinical presentation. Based on clinical heterogeneity, treatment according to risk-stratification is necessary to improve overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Kim El-Mallawany
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - William Kamiyango
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jeremy S. Slone
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jimmy Villiera
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Carrie L. Kovarik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carrie M. Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dirk P. Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gordon E. Schutze
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter N. Kazembe
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Parth S. Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Jackson CC, Dickson MA, Sadjadi M, Gessain A, Abel L, Jouanguy E, Casanova J. Kaposi Sarcoma of Childhood: Inborn or Acquired Immunodeficiency to Oncogenic HHV-8. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:392-7. [PMID: 26469702 PMCID: PMC4984265 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an endothelial malignancy caused by human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) infection. The epidemic and iatrogenic forms of childhood KS result from a profound and acquired T cell deficiency. Recent studies have shown that classic KS of childhood can result from rare single-gene inborn errors of immunity, with mutations in WAS, IFNGR1, STIM1, and TNFRSF4. The pathogenesis of the endemic form of childhood KS has remained elusive. We review childhood KS pathogenesis and its relationship to inherited and acquired immunodeficiency to oncogenic HHV-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn C. Jackson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
- Department of PediatricsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York
| | - Mark A. Dickson
- Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York
- Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York
| | - Mahan Sadjadi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unit of Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic VirusesInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesNecker BranchINSERM U1163ParisFrance
- Paris Descartes UniversityImagine InstituteParisFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesNecker BranchINSERM U1163ParisFrance
- Paris Descartes UniversityImagine InstituteParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesNecker BranchINSERM U1163ParisFrance
- Paris Descartes UniversityImagine InstituteParisFrance
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Pediatric Hematology‐Immunology UnitNecker Hospital for Sick ChildrenParisFrance
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection is one of the main risk factors for cancer. OBJECTIVES Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and disease burden of infection-related cancers were reviewed by infectious agents. FINDINGS Chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, human papillomavirus (HPV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Helicobacter pylori, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Schistosoma haematobium are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; lymphoma and leukemia, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; Kaposi sarcoma; oropharyngeal carcinoma; cervical carcinoma and carcinoma of other anogential sites; adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; gastric carcinoma; cholangiocarcinoma; and urinary bladder cancer. In 2008, approximately 2 million new cancer cases (16%) worldwide were attributable to infection. If these infections could be prevented and/or treated, it is estimated that there would be about 23% fewer cancers in less developed regions of the world, and about 7% fewer cancers in more developed regions. CONCLUSION Widespread application of existing public health methods for the prevention of infection, such as vaccination, safer injection practices, quality-assured screening of all donated blood and blood components, antimicrobial treatments, and safer sex practices, including minimizing one's lifetime number of sexual partners and condom use, could have a substantial effect on the future burden of cancer worldwide.
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Golchin N, Kheirandish M, Sharifi Z, Samiee S, Kokhaei P, Pourpak Z. Quantification of viral genome in cord blood donors by real time PCR to investigate human herpesvirus type 8 active infection. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:378-80. [PMID: 26283174 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is one of the most important sources of hematopoietic stem cells which can be used for transplantation. The transplanted CB stem cells might cause infections in recipients. The aim of this study is to evaluate Human Herpes Virus8 (HHV8) as a Rhadinovirus among CB samples in order to assess safety of cord blood stem cells transplantation. To assess this aim, we surveyed 800 cord blood specimens by Real Time PCR.The overall HHV8 incidence in cord blood mononuclear cells was 1.38% and none of them was in lytic phase of HHV8. The authors suggest further HHV8 study on CB samples for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Golchin
- Department of Immunology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheirandish
- Department of Immunology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Samiee
- Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourpak
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Incidence rate of Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa: a prospective multicohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 67:547-54. [PMID: 25393941 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) among HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not well defined in resource-limited settings. We studied KS incidence rates and associated risk factors in children and adults on ART in Southern Africa. METHODS We included patient data of 6 ART programs in Botswana, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We estimated KS incidence rates in patients on ART measuring time from 30 days after ART initiation to KS diagnosis, last follow-up visit, or death. We assessed risk factors (age, sex, calendar year, WHO stage, tuberculosis, and CD4 counts) using Cox models. FINDINGS We analyzed data from 173,245 patients (61% female, 8% children aged <16 years) who started ART between 2004 and 2010. Five hundred and sixty-four incident cases were diagnosed during 343,927 person-years (pys). The overall KS incidence rate was 164/100,000 pys [95% confidence interval (CI): 151 to 178]. The incidence rate was highest 30-90 days after ART initiation (413/100,000 pys; 95% CI: 342 to 497) and declined thereafter [86/100,000 pys (95% CI: 71 to 105), >2 years after ART initiation]. Male sex [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.61], low current CD4 counts (≥500 versus <50 cells/μL, adjusted HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.55), and age (5-9 years versus 30-39 years, adjusted HR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.79) were relevant risk factors for developing KS. INTERPRETATION Despite ART, KS risk in HIV-infected persons in Southern Africa remains high. Early HIV testing and maintaining high CD4 counts is needed to further reduce KS-related morbidity and mortality.
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Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses in the general population of burkina faso. HEPATITIS RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 2014:781843. [PMID: 25161770 PMCID: PMC4138785 DOI: 10.1155/2014/781843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. In Burkina Faso, few studies reported the prevalence of HBV and HCV in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in the general population and to determine the most affected groups in relation to the risk factors associated with the infection. Method. A voluntary testing opened to anyone interested was held at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou. Rapid tests were carried out on 995 persons who voluntarily answered a range of questions before the venous blood sampling. Results. The results revealed that the antigen HBs carriers in the general population represented 14.47% (144/995) and the prevalence of HCV was 1.00% (10/995). The difference between HBV's prevalence in men (18.58%) and that in women (11.60%) was statistically significant (P = 0.002). The most affected groups were undergraduated students (19.57%) and persons working in the informal sector (15.98%). The least affected group was high level students (8.82%). Conclusion. Burkina Faso is a country with a high prevalence of HBV, while the incidence of HCV is still low in the general population. Therefore, more campaigns on the transmission routes of HBV and HCV are needed to reduce the spread of these viruses in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Lee YM, Chuang SY, Wang SF, Lin YT, Chen YMA. Epidemiology of human herpesvirus type 8 and parvovirus B19 infections and their association with HIV-1 among men who have sex with men and injection drug users in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 47:233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Betsem E, Cassar O, Afonso PV, Fontanet A, Froment A, Gessain A. Epidemiology and genetic variability of HHV-8/KSHV in Pygmy and Bantu populations in Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2851. [PMID: 24831295 PMCID: PMC4022623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) is the causal agent of all forms of Kaposi sarcoma. Molecular epidemiology of the variable K1 region identified five major subtypes exhibiting a clear geographical clustering. The present study is designed to gain new insights into the KSHV epidemiology and genetic diversity in Cameroon. Methodology/Principal Findings Bantu and Pygmy populations from remote rural villages were studied. Antibodies directed against latent nuclear antigens (LANA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence using BC3 cells. Peripheral blood cell DNAs were subjected to a nested PCR amplifying a 737 bp K1 gene fragment. Consensus sequences were phylogenetically analyzed. We studied 2,063 persons (967 females, 1,096 males, mean age 39 years), either Bantus (1,276) or Pygmies (787). The Bantu group was older (42 versus 35 years: P<10−4). KSHV anti-LANA seroprevalence was of 37.2% (768/2063), with a significant increase with age (P<10−4) but no difference according to sex. Seroprevalence, as well as the anti-LANA antibodies titres, were higher in Bantus (43.2%) than in Pygmies (27.6%) (P<10−4), independently of age. We generated 29 K1 sequences, comprising 24 Bantus and five Pygmies. These sequences belonged to A5 (24 cases) or B (five cases) subtypes. They exhibited neither geographical nor ethnic aggregation. A5 strains showed a wide genetic diversity while the B strains were more homogenous and belonged to the B1 subgroup. Conclusion These data demonstrate high KSHV seroprevalence in the two major populations living in Southern and Eastern Cameroon with presence of mostly genetically diverse A5 but also B K1 subtypes. Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) is the causal agent of one of the most frequent skin tumors found endemically or epidemically associated to HIV in Central and Eastern Africa. This highly variable virus tends to cluster geographically according to specific major subtypes. Its prevalence is high in that area and increases with age. Despite its association to all forms of Kaposi sarcoma and high prevalence described in some low income populations in Cameroon, KSHV arouses limited interest, and only few focused previous studies have looked into prevalence and modes of transmission, especially in families. Extended molecular epidemiology is unknown both in healthy individuals and in Kaposi patients, which led to looking for new insights among Bantu and Pygmy populations from rural villages in three regions of Cameroon sharing a quite similar living environment but yet genetically, socially, and culturally different. The present study is designed to describe variations of molecular subtypes in each of these population groups regarding their geography in rural areas of southern, central, and eastern Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Betsem
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3569, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Olivier Cassar
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Philippe V. Afonso
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Alain Froment
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Musée de l'Homme, Place du Trocadéro, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3569, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Dow DE, Cunningham CK, Buchanan AM. A Review of Human Herpesvirus 8, the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, in the Pediatric Population. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2014; 3:66-76. [PMID: 24567845 PMCID: PMC3933043 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pit051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus, is the etiologic agent responsible for all types of KS. Although the majority of pediatric KS cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa, a rise in pediatric transplant KS has been reported in developed countries. In addition, HHV-8 is increasingly described as an infectious cause of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children. Transmission of HHV-8 among children is poorly understood; however, the literature strongly suggests that horizontal transmission plays a critical role. Acute infection with HHV-8 and progression to KS in children may be different than in adults, and diagnosis may be overlooked. Currently, neither adult nor pediatric treatment guidelines exist. This review provides an overview of HHV-8 disease in children as it relates to epidemic KS, transplant KS, and other disease manifestations. The current state of the literature is reviewed and knowledge gaps are identified for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy E. Dow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Coleen K. Cunningham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ann M. Buchanan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Rohner E, Wyss N, Trelle S, Mbulaiteye SM, Egger M, Novak U, Zwahlen M, Bohlius J. HHV-8 seroprevalence: a global view. Syst Rev 2014; 3:11. [PMID: 24521144 PMCID: PMC3925012 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-3-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) is the underlying infectious cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and other proliferative diseases; that is, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. In regions with high HHV-8 seroprevalence in the general population, KS accounts for a major burden of disease. Outside these endemic regions, HHV-8 prevalence is high in men who have sex with men (MSM) and in migrants from endemic regions. We aim to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis in order 1) to define the global distribution of HHV-8 seroprevalence (primary objective) and 2) to identify risk factors for HHV-8 infection, with a focus on HIV status (secondary objective). METHODS/DESIGN We will include observational studies reporting data on seroprevalence of HHV-8 in children and/or adults from any region in the world. Case reports and case series as well as any studies with fewer than 50 participants will be excluded. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, and relevant conference proceedings without language restriction. Two reviewers will independently screen the identified studies and extract data on study characteristics and quality, study population, risk factors, and reported outcomes, using a standardized form. For the primary objective we will pool the data using a fully bayesian approach for meta-analysis, with random effects at the study level. For the secondary objective (association of HIV and HHV-8) we aim to pool odds ratios for the association of HIV and HHV-8 using a fully bayesian approach for meta-analysis, with random effects at the study level. Sub-group analyses and meta-regression analyses will be used to explore sources of heterogeneity, including factors such as geographical region, calendar years of recruitment, age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, different risk groups for sexually and parenterally transmitted infections (MSM, sex workers, hemophiliacs, intravenous drug users), comorbidities such as organ transplantation and malaria, test(s) used to measure HHV-8 infection, study design, and study quality. DISCUSSION Using the proposed systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to better define the global seroprevalence of HHV-8 and its associated risk factors. This will improve the current understanding of HHV-8 epidemiology, and could suggest measures to prevent HHV-8 infection and to reduce its associated cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Rohner
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Familial aggregation of metabolic syndrome indicators in Portuguese families. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:314823. [PMID: 24171163 PMCID: PMC3793391 DOI: 10.1155/2013/314823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Family studies are well suited to investigate the genetic architecture underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purposes of this paper were (i) to estimate heritabilities for each of the MetS indicators, and (ii) to test the significance of familial intratrait and cross-trait correlations in MetS markers. Methods and Results. This study included 1,363 individuals from 515 Portuguese families in which five MetS components, including waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and glucose (GLU), were measured. Intratrait and cross-trait familial correlations of these five components were estimated using Generalized Estimating Equations. Each MetS component was significantly heritable (h2 ranged from 0.12 to 0.60) and exhibited strong familial resemblance with correlations between biological relatives of similar magnitude to those observed between spouses. With respect to cross-trait correlations, familial resemblance was very weak except for the HDL-TG pair. Conclusions. The present findings confirm the idea of familial aggregation in MetS traits. Spousal correlations were, in general, of the same magnitude as the biological relatives' correlations suggesting that most of the phenotypic variance in MetS traits could be explained by shared environment.
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Shebl FM, Emmanuel B, Bunts L, Biryahwaho B, Kiruthu C, Huang ML, Pfeiffer RM, Casper C, Mbulaiteye SM. Population-based assessment of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus DNA in plasma among Ugandans. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1602-10. [PMID: 23852686 PMCID: PMC3755768 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is linked to detection of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA in plasma, but little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for plasma KSHV DNA detection among the general population where KS is endemic. Correlates of KSHV plasma detection were investigated in a population-based sample of adult Ugandans (15-59 years) who participated in an HIV/AIDS serobehavioral survey in 2004/2005. KSHV DNA was measured in plasma of 1,080 KSHV seropositive and 356 KSHV seronegative persons using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). KSHV DNA in plasma was detected in 157 (8.7%) persons; of these 149 (95%) were KSHV seropositive and 8 (5%) were seronegative. Detection of KSHV DNA in plasma was significantly associated with male sex (P < 0.001), older age (P = 0.003), residence in a rural versus urban area (P = 0.002), geographic region (P = 0.02), and being KSHV seropositive (13.8% seropositive vs. 2.3% seronegative, P < 0.001). In a multivariable model, KSHV DNA plasma quantity was significantly higher in men (P = 0.002), inversely associated with age (P = 0.05), and residing in an urban area (P = 0.01). In Uganda, KSHV is detected more frequently in the plasma of adult males and residents of rural regions, potentially explaining the increased risk of KS in these subsets of the Ugandan population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Emmanuel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Bunts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Public Health Sciences and Clinical Research Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Christine Kiruthu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corey Casper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Public Health Sciences and Clinical Research Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sam M. Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Byun M, Ma CS, Akçay A, Pedergnana V, Palendira U, Myoung J, Avery DT, Liu Y, Abhyankar A, Lorenzo L, Schmidt M, Lim HK, Cassar O, Migaud M, Rozenberg F, Canpolat N, Aydogan G, Fleckenstein B, Bustamante J, Picard C, Gessain A, Jouanguy E, Cesarman E, Olivier M, Gros P, Abel L, Croft M, Tangye SG, Casanova JL. Inherited human OX40 deficiency underlying classic Kaposi sarcoma of childhood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1743-59. [PMID: 23897980 PMCID: PMC3754857 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human OX40 is necessary for robust CD4+ T cell memory and confers selective protective immunity against HHV-8 infection in endothelial cells. Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8; also called KSHV)–induced endothelial tumor, develops only in a small fraction of individuals infected with HHV-8. We hypothesized that inborn errors of immunity to HHV-8 might underlie the exceedingly rare development of classic KS in childhood. We report here autosomal recessive OX40 deficiency in an otherwise healthy adult with childhood-onset classic KS. OX40 is a co-stimulatory receptor expressed on activated T cells. Its ligand, OX40L, is expressed on various cell types, including endothelial cells. We found OX40L was abundantly expressed in KS lesions. The mutant OX40 protein was poorly expressed on the cell surface and failed to bind OX40L, resulting in complete functional OX40 deficiency. The patient had a low proportion of effector memory CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood, consistent with impaired CD4+ T cell responses to recall antigens in vitro. The proportion of effector memory CD8+ T cells was less diminished. The proportion of circulating memory B cells was low, but the antibody response in vivo was intact, including the response to a vaccine boost. Together, these findings suggest that human OX40 is necessary for robust CD4+ T cell memory and confers apparently selective protective immunity against HHV-8 infection in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Byun
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Martel-Jantin C, Pedergnana V, Nicol JTJ, Leblond V, Trégouët DA, Tortevoye P, Plancoulaine S, Coursaget P, Touzé A, Abel L, Gessain A. Merkel cell polyomavirus infection occurs during early childhood and is transmitted between siblings. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:288-91. [PMID: 23829968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is thought to be the etiological agent of Merkel cell carcinoma, but little is known about its distribution and modes of transmission. We conducted seroepidemiological surveys in more than 1000 individuals, from two populations from Cameroon. Overall MCPyV seroprevalence was high in both populations (>75% in adults). Data from the first population, comprising mainly children, indicated that MCPyV infections mostly occurred during early childhood, after the disappearance of specific maternal antibodies. Results from the second family-based population provided evidence for familial aggregation of MCPyV infection status. We observed significant sib-sib correlation (odds ratio=3.42 [95% CI 1.27-9.19], p=0.014), particularly for siblings close together in age, and a trend for mother-child correlation (OR=2.71 [0.86-8.44], p=0.08). Overall, our results suggest that MCPyV infection is acquired through close contact, possibly involving saliva and/or the skin, especially between young siblings and between mothers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Martel-Jantin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, F-75015 Paris, France
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King CC, Ellington SR, Kourtis AP. The role of co-infections in mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Curr HIV Res 2013; 11:10-23. [PMID: 23305198 PMCID: PMC4411038 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x11311010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In HIV-infected women, co-infections that target the placenta, fetal membranes, genital tract, and breast tissue, as well as systemic maternal and infant infections, have been shown to increase the risk for mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT). Active co-infection stimulates the release of cytokines and inflammatory agents that enhance HIV replication locally or systemically and increase tissue permeability, which weakens natural defenses to MTCT. Many maternal or infant co-infections can affect MTCT of HIV, and particular ones, such as genital tract infection with herpes simplex virus, or systemic infections such as hepatitis B, can have substantial epidemiologic impact on MTCT. Screening and treatment for co-infections that can make infants susceptible to MTCT in utero, peripartum, or postpartum can help reduce the incidence of HIV infection among infants and improve the health of mothers and infants worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C King
- Division of Reproductive Health, NCCDPHP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS-K34, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Brunet-Possenti F, Pages C, Rouzier R, Dupin N, Bagot M, Lebbé C. Kaposi's Sarcoma and Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review. Dermatology 2013; 226:311-4. [DOI: 10.1159/000349987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Wolz MM, Sciallis GF, Pittelkow MR. Human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 from a dermatologic perspective. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87:1004-14. [PMID: 22819486 PMCID: PMC3538396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) have frequently been suspected as etiologic agents or cofactors in cutaneous disease. However, clearly established associations are rare. Investigations into an etiologic association between HHVs and cutaneous disease are complicated by the ubiquity and nearly universal prevalence of some herpesviruses. This article summarizes the associations between cutaneous disease and HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. In addition to a personal library of references, the PubMed database of biomedical literature was searched using the following Medical Subject Heading terms: HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8, each in conjunction with cutaneous manifestations, virology, epidemiology, dermatopathology, and therapeutics, between 1998 and March 2011. Free-text searches with known or suspected disease associations were added for broader coverage. The results have been summarized to provide a practical review for the physician likely to encounter cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel F. Sciallis
- Correspondence: Address to Gabriel F. Sciallis, MD, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905
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Borie R, Cadranel J, Galicier L, Couderc LJ. [Pulmonary involvement due to HHV-8 virus during the course of HIV infection]. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:1209-23. [PMID: 23228679 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
HHV-8 is a herpes virus discovered in 1994 in Kaposi sarcoma cells. Its involvement was later demonstrated in multicentric Castleman disease and in primary lymphoma effusion lymphoma. These diseases arise almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients, mostly in association with HIV infection. Apart from Kaposi's sarcoma, combined antiretroviral therapy does not seem to have reduced the incidence of these diseases, which remain rare. In these three diseases, pulmonary involvement is common and may be the presenting feature. Kaposi's sarcoma of the lung is usually asymptomatic but may require specific therapy. Pulmonary involvement is mostly associated with cutaneous disease. Patients with Castleman disease typically present with fever and lymphadenopathy, associated with interstitial lung disease without opportunistic infection. Patients with primary lymphoma effusion presents with fever and an exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion, without a pleural mass on the CT-scan. Rapid diagnosis of these conditions avoids unnecessary invasive examinations and leads to prompt specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Borie
- Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares Pulmonaires, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris Cedex 18, France.
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Borges JD, Souza VAUF, Giambartolomei C, Dudbridge F, Freire WS, Gregório SA, Torrez PPQ, Quiroga M, Mayaud P, Pannuti CS, Nascimento MC. Transmission of human herpesvirus type 8 infection within families in american indigenous populations from the Brazilian Amazon. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:1869-76. [PMID: 22474036 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intrafamilial dynamics of endemic infection with human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) in Amerindian populations is unknown. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 517 Amerindians and tested for HHV-8 anti-latent nuclear antigen (anti-LANA) and antilytic antibodies by immunofluorescence assays. Logistic regression and mixed logistic models were used to estimate the odds of being HHV-8 seropositive among intrafamilial pairs. RESULTS HHV-8 seroprevalence by either assay was 75.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.5%-79.1%), and it was age-dependent (P(trend) < .001). Familial dependence in HHV-8 seroprevalence by either assay was found between mother-offspring (odds ratio [OR], 5.44; 95% CI: 1.62-18.28) and siblings aged ≥10 years (OR 4.42, 95% CI: 1.70-11.45) or siblings in close age range (<5 years difference) (OR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.21-9.40), or in families with large (>4) number of siblings (OR, 3.20, 95% CI: 1.33-7.67). In separate analyses by serological assay, there was strong dependence in mother-offspring (OR 8.94, 95% CI: 2.94-27.23) and sibling pairs aged ≥10 years (OR, 11.91, 95% CI: 2.23-63.64) measured by LANA but not lytic antibodies. CONCLUSIONS This pattern of familial dependence suggests that, in this endemic population, HHV-8 transmission mainly occurs from mother to offspring and between close siblings during early childhood, probably via saliva. The mother to offspring dependence was derived chiefly from anti-LANA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaila D Borges
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo
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Cloning a human saliva-derived peptide for preventing KSHV transmission. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1733-5. [PMID: 22377758 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pedergnana V, Gessain A, Tortevoye P, Byun M, Bacq-Daian D, Boland A, Casanova JL, Abel L, Plancoulaine S. A major locus on chromosome 3p22 conferring predisposition to human herpesvirus 8 infection. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:690-5. [PMID: 22258534 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, has been shown to display strong familial aggregation, in countries in which HHV-8 infection is endemic. We investigated 40 large families (608 subjects aged one to 88 years) living in an isolated area of Cameroon in which HHV-8 is highly endemic. We performed a two-step genetic analysis for HHV-8 infection status (HHV-8+/HHV-8- determined by immunofluorescence) consisting of an initial segregation analysis followed by a model-based genome-wide linkage analysis. Overall HHV-8 seroprevalence was 60%, increasing with age. Segregation analysis provided strong evidence for a recessive major gene conferring predisposition to HHV-8 infection. This gene is predicted to have a major effect during childhood, with almost all homozygous predisposed subjects (∼7% of the population) becoming infected by the age of 10. Linkage analysis was carried out on the 15 most informative families, corresponding to 205 genotyped subjects. A single region on chromosome 3p22 was significantly linked to HHV-8 infection (LOD score=3.83, P=2.0 × 10(-5)). This study provides the first evidence that HHV-8 infection in children in endemic areas has a strong genetic basis involving at least one recessive major locus on chromosome 3p22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pedergnana
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U980, Paris, France
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