1
|
Crespi A, Van Uum R, Lathouris H, Masterman C, Muncaster K, Gaete K, Capraru C, Shah H, Feld JJ, Biondi MJ. Increasing linkage to hepatitis C care following trauma-informed rehabilitation: An education and quality improvement project among women. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:1093-1103. [PMID: 37439376 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The on-going substance use crisis has led to unprecedented rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Canada, with increasing positivity among women who use drugs (WWUD). Despite efforts to reduce barriers to HCV testing and treatment, follow-up remains a major issue. METHODS In this quality improvement project (QIP), we partnered with a short-stay trauma-informed residential drug treatment facility specifically for WWUD, to provide an engaging peer-led HCV education session, followed by low-barrier nurse and peer-led testing and treatment. We sought to evaluate these interventions, as well as determine what factors could improve engagement after women leave. RESULTS The session was attended by 217 participants, 130 completed the survey and 153 opted into testing. Survey results indicated that participants were highly motivated to access general care as well as HCV testing and treatment. The most frequently reported barriers to testing and treatment were a previous negative test and being asymptomatic, respectively. Follow-up facilitators included a non-judgmental provider (88%), monetary incentives (67%), follow-up phone calls (77%), e-mails (66%) and text messages (58%). Of those who were RNA positive, 5 of 13 initiated treatment on-site. By using the results of the QIP in real-time, 6 of 13 were started after leaving the centre (one pending and one lost to follow-up). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The implementation of co-localised peer-led testing and treatment for HCV, along with persistent follow-up efforts, led to increases in linkage to care and treatment. Co-localisation of testing and care with substance-use services, especially if residential, is a viable, low-barrier strategy for increasing linkage to care among WWUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Crespi
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease/VIRCAN, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Chelsea Masterman
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Kody Muncaster
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, & Women's Studies, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Kayla Gaete
- School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Camelia Capraru
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease/VIRCAN, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hemant Shah
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease/VIRCAN, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease/VIRCAN, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mia J Biondi
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease/VIRCAN, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Omega Specialty Nurses, Toronto, Canada
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mercado M, Law L, Ferguson-Colvin K, Wolfersteig W. Intersectional Structural Stigma: A Qualitative Study With Persons Experiencing Homelessness in the Southwest United States. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:10497323241239209. [PMID: 38902919 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241239209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the manifestations of intersectional structural stigma and stigma-reducing strategies in the context of health among a diverse group of persons experiencing homelessness in the southwest United States. Purposive sampling was used to recruit youth (ages 12-17), young adults (ages 18-24), adults (ages 25 years old or older), women with children, veterans, and males over 60 years old who self-identified as homeless. Grounded theory was applied, and thematic analysis was conducted using data collected from seven focus groups (n = 76 participants). A model of intersectional stigma was adapted from the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework. This adaptation depicts pathways for addressing intersectional stigmatization experienced by individuals with multiple intersecting identities across the interpersonal, organization, and community levels not explicitly addressed in the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework. At the interpersonal level, participants indicated they experienced stigmatizing behaviors and practices by service providers due primarily to their identities related to economic or unhoused statuses, gender, age, and mental health. Facilitators of intersectional stigma were identified through organization practices and processes. Multiple stigmatized identities due to social beliefs also facilitated stigmatization at the community level. Health outcomes influenced by stigmatization were also identified. Despite the stigmatization they experienced, participants discussed stigma-reducing strategies related to community assets, medical care, and destigmatizing practices by service providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Mercado
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lara Law
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Wendy Wolfersteig
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Brien M, Dempsey B, Higgins MF. The experiences and outcomes of Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller pregnant people in pregnancy: A scoping review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38887905 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within Europe, Roma, Gypsy, and Traveller groups have been marginalized and discriminated against by larger society. Persecution and displacement have resulted in high rates of unemployment, reduced access to education, and poorer health, with significantly increased risk of poverty compared with the general population. In pregnancy, there appears to be a gap in the literature surrounding the experiences and outcomes of pregnant people within these ethnic groups. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was therefore to scope published research, specifically questioning "What is the experience of Roma Gypsy and Traveller pregnant people who access maternity care?" and "What are the obstetric outcomes within these groups?" SEARCH STRATEGY This review followed frameworks proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, Levac, and the Joanna Brigg's Institute. The PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool was used. The search strategy and specific terms were chosen using the population-concepts-context framework. SELECTION CRITERIA Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently by two reviewers. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to set clear guidance for reviewers to identify appropriate studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Five electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE [OVID] Web of Science and SCOPUS). A charting form was developed to record key characteristics systematically and uniformly from the studies. MAIN RESULTS Five themes were identified: systemic issues, antenatal care, complications of pregnancy, birth experience, and postnatal care. Systemic issues included racism, barriers to care, and adapted antenatal care. Antenatal issues included teenage pregnancy, smoking, risk of venous thrombus embolism, dietary issues, risk of communicable diseases, domestic violence, and mental health concerns. Increased risks of congenital abnormalities, growth restriction, premature labor, and perinatal and early childhood mortality were identified. For Roma women, negative birth experiences were reported, whereas the experiences of Traveller women varied. CONCLUSIONS The findings identified in this study serve to create a framework upon which healthcare providers can tailor the way in which pregnant people from a Roma, Gypsy, or Irish Traveller background are cared for. Using such a framework would hopefully begin to reduce the systematic marginalization and discrimination of these minorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M O'Brien
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Dempsey
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M F Higgins
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eshun E, Burke O, Do F, Maciver A, Mathur A, Mayne C, Mohamed Jemseed AA, Novak L, Siddique A, Smith E, Tapia-Stocker D, FitzGerald A. Exploring the Role of Rehabilitation Medicine within an Inclusion Health Context: Examining a Population at Risk from Homelessness and Brain Injury in Edinburgh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:769. [PMID: 38929015 PMCID: PMC11203637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
People experiencing homelessness are at risk from a number of comorbidities, including traumatic brain injury, mental health disorders, and various infections. Little is known about the rehabilitation needs of this population. This study took advantage of unique access to a specialist access GP practice for people experiencing homelessness and a local inclusion health initiative to explore the five-year period prevalence of these conditions in a population of people experiencing homelessness through electronic case record searches and to identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare provision for this population in the context of an interdisciplinary and multispecialist inclusion health team through semi-structured interviews with staff working in primary and secondary care who interact with this population. The five-year period prevalence of TBI, infections, and mental health disorders was 9.5%, 4%, and 22.8%, respectively. Of those who had suffered a brain injury, only three had accessed rehabilitation services. Themes from thematic analysis of interviews included the impact of psychological trauma, under-recognition of the needs of people experiencing homelessness, resource scarcity, and the need for collaborative and adaptive approaches. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data suggests a potential role for rehabilitation medicine in inclusion health initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Eshun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Astley Ainslie Hospital, NHS Lothian, 133 Grange Loan, Edinburgh EH9 2HL, UK;
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Orla Burke
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Florence Do
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Angus Maciver
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Anushka Mathur
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Cassie Mayne
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Aashik Ahamed Mohamed Jemseed
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Levente Novak
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Anna Siddique
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Eve Smith
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - David Tapia-Stocker
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK (A.A.M.J.)
| | - Alasdair FitzGerald
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Astley Ainslie Hospital, NHS Lothian, 133 Grange Loan, Edinburgh EH9 2HL, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hidad S, de Greeff SC, Haenen A, de Haan F, Leusink GL, Timen A. Mind the gap: knowledge, attitudes and perceptions on antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control in long-term care facilities for people with disabilities in the Netherlands. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:56. [PMID: 38835090 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the major public health threats worldwide, emphasizing the necessity of preventing the development and transmission of drug resistant microorganisms. This is particularly important for people with vulnerable health conditions, such as people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and long-term care residents. This study aimed to assess the current status of AMR, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and infection prevention and control (IPC) in Dutch long-term care facilities for people with intellectual disabilities (ID-LTCFs). METHODS A web-based cross-sectional survey distributed between July and November 2023, targeting (both nonmedically and medically trained) healthcare professionals working in ID-LTCFs in The Netherlands, to study knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding AMR, AMS and IPC. RESULTS In total, 109 participants working in 37 long-term care organizations for people with intellectual disabilities throughout the Netherlands completed the questionnaire. The knowledge levels of AMR and IPC among nonmedically trained professionals (e.g., social care professionals) were lower than those among medically trained professionals (p = 0.026). In particular regarding the perceived protective value of glove use, insufficient knowledge levels were found. Furthermore, there was a lack of easy-read resources and useful information regarding IPC and AMR, for both healthcare professionals as well as people with disabilities. The majority of the participants (> 90%) reported that AMR and IPC need more attention within the disability care sector, but paradoxically, only 38.5% mentioned that they would like to receive additional information and training about IPC, and 72.5% would like to receive additional information and training about AMR. CONCLUSION Although the importance of AMR and IPC is acknowledged by professionals working in ID-LTCFs, there is room for improvement in regards to appropriate glove use and setting-specific IPC and hygiene policies. As nonmedically trained professionals comprise most of the workforce within ID-LTCFs, it is also important to evaluate their needs. This can have a substantial impact on developing and implementing AMR, AMS and/or IPC guidelines and policies in ID-LTCFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hidad
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - S C de Greeff
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Haenen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - F de Haan
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - G L Leusink
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Timen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
O'Leary C, Ralphs R, Stevenson J, Smith A, Harrison J, Kiss Z, Armitage H. The effectiveness of abstinence-based and harm reduction-based interventions in reducing problematic substance use in adults who are experiencing homelessness in high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis: A systematic review. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2024; 20:e1396. [PMID: 38645303 PMCID: PMC11032639 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Homelessness is a traumatic experience, and can have a devastating effect on those experiencing it. People who are homeless often face significant barriers when accessing public services, and have often experienced adverse childhood events, extreme social disadvantage, physical, emotional and sexual abuse, neglect, low self-esteem, poor physical and mental health, and much lower life expectancy compared to the general population. Rates of problematic substance use are disproportionately high, with many using drugs and alcohol to deal with the stress of living on the street, to keep warm, or to block out memories of previous abuse or trauma. Substance dependency can also create barriers to successful transition to stable housing. Objectives To understand the effectiveness of different substance use interventions for adults experiencing homelessness. Search Methods The primary source of studies for was the 4th edition of the Homelessness Effectiveness Studies Evidence and Gaps Maps (EGM). Searches for the EGM were completed in September 2021. Other potential studies were identified through a call for grey evidence, hand-searching key journals, and unpacking relevant systematic reviews. Selection Criteria Eligible studies were impact evaluations that involved some comparison group. We included studies that tested the effectiveness of substance use interventions, and measured substance use outcomes, for adults experiencing homelessness in high income countries. Data Collection and Analysis Descriptive characteristics and statistical information in included studies were coded and checked by at least two members of the review team. Studies selected for the review were assessed for confidence in the findings. Standardised effect sizes were calculated and, if a study did not provide sufficient raw data for the calculation of an effect size, author(s) were contacted to obtain these data. We used random-effects meta-analysis and robust-variance estimation procedures to synthesise effect sizes. If a study included multiple effects, we carried out a critical assessment to determine (even if only theoretically) whether the effects are likely to be dependent. Where dependent effects were identified, we used robust variance estimation to determine whether we can account for these. Where effect sizes were converted from a binary to continuous measure (or vice versa), we undertook a sensitivity analysis by running an additional analysis with these studies omitted. We also assessed the sensitivity of results to inclusion of non-randomised studies and studies classified as low confidence in findings. All included an assessment of statistical heterogeneity. Finally, we undertook analysis to assess whether publication bias was likely to be a factor in our findings. For those studies that we were unable to include in meta-analysis, we have provided a narrative synthesis of the study and its findings. Main Results We included 48 individual papers covering 34 unique studies. The studies covered 15, 255 participants, with all but one of the studies being from the United States and Canada. Most papers were rated as low confidence (n = 25, or 52%). By far the most common reason for studies being rated as low confidence was high rates of attrition and/or differential attrition of study participants, that fell below the What Works Clearinghouse liberal attrition standard. Eleven of the included studies were rated as medium confidence and 12 studies as high confidence. The interventions included in our analysis were more effective in reducing substance use than treatment as usual, with an overall effect size of -0.11 SD (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.27, 0.05). There was substantial heterogeneity across studies, and the results were sensitive to the removal of low confidence studies (-0.21 SD, 95% CI [-0.59, 0.17] - 6 studies, 17 effect sizes), the removal of quasi-experimental studies (-0.14 SD, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.02] - 14 studies, 41 effect sizes) and the removal of studies where an effect size had been converted from a binary to a continuous outcome (-0.08 SD, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.15] - 10 studies, 31 effect sizes). This suggests that the findings are sensitive to the inclusion of lower quality studies, although unusually the average effect increases when we removed low confidence studies. The average effect for abstinence-based interventions compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU) service provision was -0.28 SD (95% CI, -0.65, 0.09) (6 studies, 15 effect sizes), and for harm reduction interventions compared to a TAU service provision is close to 0 at 0.03 SD (95% CI, -0.08, 0.14) (9 studies, 30 effect sizes). The confidence intervals for both estimates are wide and crossing zero. For both, the comparison groups are primarily abstinence-based, with the exception of two studies where the comparison group condition was unclear. We found that both Assertative Community Treatment and Intensive Case Management were no better than treatment as usual, with average effect on substance use of 0.03 SD, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.13] and -0.47 SD, 95% CI [-0.72, -0.21] 0.05 SD, 95% CI [-0.28, 0.39] respectively. These findings are consistent with wider research, and it is important to note that we only examined the effect on substance use outcomes (these interventions can be effective in terms of other outcomes). We found that CM interventions can be effective in reducing substance use compared to treatment as usual, with an average effect of -0.47 SD, 95% CI (-0.72, -0.21). All of these results need to be considered in light of the quality of the underlying evidence. There were six further interventions where we undertook narrative synthesis. These syntheses suggest that Group Work, Harm Reduction Psychotherapy, and Therapeutic Communities are effective in reducing substance use, with mixed results found for Motivational Interviewing and Talking Therapies (including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy). The narrative synthesis suggested that Residential Rehabilitation was no better than treatment as usual in terms of reducing substance use for our population of interest. Authors' Conclusions Although our analysis of harm reduction versus treatment as usual, abstinence versus treatment as usual, and harm reduction versus abstinence suggests that these different approaches make little real difference to the outcomes achieved in comparison to treatment as usual. The findings suggest that some individual interventions are more effective than others. The overall low quality of the primary studies suggests that further primary impact research could be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob Ralphs
- Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kennedy F, Ní Cheallaigh C, Romero-Ortuno R, Doyle SL, Broderick J. Outcomes of the LEAP feasibility trial-A low-threshold, exercise programme with protein supplementation to target frailty and poor physical functioning in people experiencing homelessness and addiction issues. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301926. [PMID: 38820432 PMCID: PMC11142616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People experiencing homelessness are more likely to experience poor health with physical functioning deficits and frailty commonly reported. It is not well known how strategies to target physical functioning deficits and frailty work in practice in this group. The primary aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of an exercise intervention with protein supplementation to target physical functioning and frailty in people experiencing homelessness evaluated by recruitment and retention rates, adherence to the exercise sessions and protein supplement, adverse effects, programme feedback and characteristics of non-returners, sporadic and frequent attenders. The secondary aim was to evaluate changes in effectiveness outcomes of grip strength, muscle mass, lower extremity physical function, pain, frailty, and risk of malnutrition. METHOD This prospective single-arm study evaluated the feasibility of a 16-week rolling, low-threshold, 'drop-in' once weekly exercise programme with protein supplementation. The main recruitment site was a day-service centre for people who are homeless. Feasibility was assessed by the recruitment and retention rates, adherence to the exercise sessions and protein supplement as well as adverse effects, programme feedback and evaluation of characteristics of non-returners, sporadic (≤50% of available sessions) and frequent attenders (≥50% of available sessions). Effectiveness outcomes included pain (Visual Analogue Scale), physical functioning and performance (hand-grip dynamometry, limb circumference, the Short Physical Performance Battery), frailty (SHARE-FI and Clinical Frailty Scale) and nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment). RESULTS Thirty-one participants were recruited mean (SD) age 45(16) years. There was a recruitment rate of a median (IQR) of 2(1-3) new participants per week. The retention rate was 45% (n = 14) to the main recruitment site. Adherence to the exercise sessions and nutritional intervention was 90% and 100% respectively. Three adverse events were recorded during 74 interventions over the 16-week programme. The acceptability of the programme was highlighted in participant feedback. Characteristics of frequent returners (≥50%) were older age, female, more stably housed and more stable in addiction. The programme did not induce any changes in effectiveness outcomes. CONCLUSION The feasibility of this programme was demonstrated. Overall, the programme was well received with higher retention rates in older participants, females, those more stably housed and those stable in addiction. A higher powered, more intense programme is needed to demonstrate programme effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Kennedy
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roman Romero-Ortuno
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L. Doyle
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Broderick
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hayashi K, Rabu G, Cui Z, Klaire S, Homayra F, Milloy MJ, Nosyk B. Characterizing the Use of Healthcare Access Supports Among People Who Use Drugs in Vancouver, Canada, 2017 to 2020: A Cohort Study. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024:29767342241249870. [PMID: 38804580 DOI: 10.1177/29767342241249870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For structurally marginalized populations, including people who use drugs (PWUD), equitable access to healthcare can be achieved through healthcare access supports. However, few studies characterized utilization of formal (eg, outreach workers, healthcare professionals) and informal (eg, friends/family) supports. Therefore, we sought to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with receiving each type of support among PWUD. METHODS We used data from 2 prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada, in 2017 to 2020. We constructed separate multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects models to identify factors associated with receiving each of the 3 types of supports (ie, healthcare professionals, outreach workers/peer navigators, and informal supports) compared to no supports. RESULTS Of 996 participants, 350 (35.1%) reported receiving supports in the past 6 months at baseline, through informal supports (6.2%), outreach workers (14.1%), and healthcare professionals (20.9%). In multivariable analyses, HIV positivity, chronic pain, and avoiding healthcare due to the past mistreatment were positively associated with receiving supports from each of healthcare professionals and outreach workers. Men were less likely to receive any types of the supports (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Utilization of healthcare access supports was relatively low in this sample. However, formal supports appeared to have reached PWUD exhibiting more comorbidities and experiencing discrimination in healthcare. Further efforts to make formal supports more available would benefit PWUD with unmet healthcare needs, particularly men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Hayashi
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Rabu
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zishan Cui
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sukhpreet Klaire
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Addiction Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Michael-John Milloy
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bohdan Nosyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Potter LC, Stone T, Swede J, Connell F, Cramer H, McGeown H, Carvalho M, Horwood J, Feder G, Farr M, Gaps B. Improving access to general practice for and with people with severe and multiple disadvantage: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract 2024; 74:e330-e338. [PMID: 38575183 PMCID: PMC11005924 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp.2023.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe and multiple disadvantage (SMD) who experience combinations of homelessness, substance misuse, violence, abuse, and poor mental health have high health needs and poor access to primary care. AIM To improve access to general practice for people with SMD by facilitating collaborative service improvement meetings between healthcare staff, people with lived experience of SMD, and those who support them; participants were then interviewed about this work. DESIGN AND SETTING The Bridging Gaps group is a collaboration between healthcare staff, researchers, women with lived experience of SMD, and a charity that supports them in a UK city. A project was co-produced by the Bridging Gaps group to improve access to general practice for people with SMD, which was further developed with three inner-city general practices. METHOD Nine service improvement meetings were facilitated at three general practices, and six of these were formally observed. Nine practice staff and four women with lived experience of SMD were interviewed. Three women with lived experience of SMD and one staff member who supports them participated in a focus group. Data were analysed inductively and deductively using thematic analysis. RESULTS By providing time and funding opportunities to motivated general practice staff and involving participants with lived experience of SMD, service changes were made in an effort to improve access for people with SMD. These included prioritising patients on an inclusion patient list with more flexible access, providing continuity for patients via a care coordinator and micro-team of clinicians, and developing an information-sharing document. The process and outcomes improved connections within and between general practices, support organisations, and people with SMD. CONCLUSION The co-designed strategies described in this study could be adapted locally and evaluated in other areas. Investing in this focused way of working may improve accessibility to health care, health equity, and staff wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Potter
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
| | - Tracey Stone
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol
| | | | | | - Helen Cramer
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
| | - Helen McGeown
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
| | | | - Jeremy Horwood
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol
| | - Gene Feder
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
| | - Michelle Farr
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jolof L, Rocca P, Carlsson T. Women's experiences of trauma-informed care for forced migrants: A qualitative interview study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28866. [PMID: 38596047 PMCID: PMC11002685 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Forced migration affect the health and wellbeing of millions of women. The aim was to explore experiences of trauma-informed care among women who are forced migrants. Methods This was an exploratory qualitative study. Eleven women who had concluded treatment at multidisciplinary trauma centers in Sweden were interviewed, recruited through consecutive sampling. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed with systematic text condensation. Results Women dealt with mental and physical manifestations in a challenging psychosocial situation. Various structural and individual barriers were addressed that hindered access to adequate health services. Women appreciated various benefits of the treatment and recalled the care as supportive and compassionate. However, undergoing treatment was considered demanding, requiring significant determination and energy. Participants suggested that peer support could enhance the support. Conclusions Migrant women experience a range of health-related burdens and encounter barriers to trauma-informed care. While demanding, treatment has the potential to alleviate symptoms. Health professionals and stakeholders providing trauma-informed care need to ensure that their services are accessible and culturally sensitive towards the unique needs of women. Peer support has the potential to enhance support further, which need further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jolof
- The Red Cross Treatment Center for Persons Affected by War and Torture, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rocca
- The Red Cross Treatment Center for Persons Affected by War and Torture, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Carlsson
- The Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University, Huddinge, Sweden
- The Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosenblad AK, Klarare A, Rapaport P, Mattsson E, Gaber SN. Health literacy and its association with mental and spiritual well-being among women experiencing homelessness. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae019. [PMID: 38430507 PMCID: PMC10908353 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Low health literacy (HL) has been linked to low self-rated health, reduced efficacy of behaviour change, and challenges in preventing, treating, or managing health conditions. People experiencing homelessness are at risk of poor HL; however, few studies have investigated HL in relation to mental and spiritual well-being among people experiencing homelessness in general, or women experiencing homelessness specifically. This cross-sectional study of 46 women experiencing homelessness in Stockholm, Sweden, recruited during the period October 2019-December 2020, aimed to examine how HL was associated with mental and spiritual well-being among women experiencing homelessness. Participants answered questions about socio-demographic characteristics (age, length of homelessness, education) and digital technology (mobile phone/the Internet) use, in addition to Swedish language versions of three questionnaires administered through structured, face-to-face interviews: the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Scale, the General Health Questionnaire 12 and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being. Data were analysed using linear regression, which revealed statistically significant associations between HL and mental well-being (p = .009), and between HL and spiritual well-being (p = .022). However, neither socio-demographic characteristics nor digital technology use were significantly associated with HL. In conclusion, promoting HL may improve mental and spiritual well-being in this vulnerable population. An advisory board of women with lived experiences of homelessness (n = 5) supported the interpretation of the findings and emphasised the need to consider HL in relation to basic needs such as 'housing first'. Moreover, health information and services should be accessible to people with different degrees of HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karlsson Rosenblad
- Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, Box 513, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Klarare
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Healthcare Services and e-Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Box 11189, 100 61, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Penny Rapaport
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Maple House, W1T 7BN, London, UK
| | - Elisabet Mattsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Healthcare Services and e-Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Box 11189, 100 61, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Nadia Gaber
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Healthcare Services and e-Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Box 11189, 100 61, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Favril L, Rich JD, Hard J, Fazel S. Mental and physical health morbidity among people in prisons: an umbrella review. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e250-e260. [PMID: 38553144 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who experience incarceration are characterised by poor health profiles. Clarification of the disease burden in the prison population can inform service and policy development. We aimed to synthesise and assess the evidence regarding the epidemiology of mental and physical health conditions among people in prisons worldwide. METHODS In this umbrella review, five bibliographic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Global Health) were systematically searched from inception to identify meta-analyses published up to Oct 31, 2023, which examined the prevalence or incidence of mental and physical health conditions in general prison populations. We excluded meta-analyses that examined health conditions in selected or clinical prison populations. Prevalence data were extracted from published reports and study authors were contacted for additional information. Estimates were synthesised and stratified by sex, age, and country income level. The robustness of the findings was assessed in terms of heterogeneity, excess significance bias, small-study effects, and review quality. The study protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023404827. FINDINGS Our search of the literature yielded 1909 records eligible for screening. 1736 articles were excluded and 173 full-text reports were examined for eligibility. 144 articles were then excluded due to not meeting inclusion criteria, which resulted in 29 meta-analyses eligible for inclusion. 12 of these were further excluded because they examined the same health condition. We included data from 17 meta-analyses published between 2002 and 2023. In adult men and women combined, the 6-month prevalence was 11·4% (95% CI 9·9-12·8) for major depression, 9·8% (6·8-13·2) for post-traumatic stress disorder, and 3·7% (3·2-4·1) for psychotic illness. On arrival to prison, 23·8% (95% CI 21·0-26·7) of people met diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder and 38·9% (31·5-46·2) for drug use disorder. Half of those with major depression or psychotic illness had a comorbid substance use disorder. Infectious diseases were also common; 17·7% (95% CI 15·0-20·7) of people were antibody-positive for hepatitis C virus, with lower estimates (ranging between 2·6% and 5·2%) found for hepatitis B virus, HIV, and tuberculosis. Meta-regression analyses indicated significant differences in prevalence by sex and country income level, albeit not consistent across health conditions. The burden of non-communicable chronic diseases was only examined in adults aged 50 years and older. Overall, the quality of the evidence was limited by high heterogeneity and small-study effects. INTERPRETATION People in prisons have a specific pattern of morbidity that represents an opportunity for public health to address. In particular, integrating prison health within the national public health system, adequately resourcing primary care and mental health services, and improving linkage with post-release health services could affect public health and safety. Population-based longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the extent to which incarceration affects health. FUNDING Research Foundation-Flanders, Wellcome Trust, National Institutes of Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Favril
- Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josiah D Rich
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Seena Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lorentsen MK, Sanoff HK. Social Determinants of Health and the Link to Colorectal Cancer Outcomes. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:453-464. [PMID: 38498252 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most deadly cancer in the United States, behind only lung cancer. Despite improvements in incidence due to screening and mortality in part due to better treatments, there are some groups that have not seen these promising changes. American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Black individuals, certain geographic regions, and lower socioeconomic groups have all been shown to have worse CRC outcomes. A significant body of evidence has linked these disparities in outcomes to social determinants of health (SDH). SDH are defined by the WHO as "the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes." These factors include but are not limited to income, education, social support, neighborhood of residence, and access to healthcare. Individuals who are negatively impacted by SDH have been shown to have a higher incidence of CRC. These individuals are also less likely to receive adequate CRC screening, are less likely to receive appropriate treatment, and have increased CRC mortality. Interventions that target different SDH domains have been shown to lead to increased rates of CRC screening and receipt of appropriate treatment while simultaneously improving CRC mortality. The aim of this review is to highlight the connection between SDH and CRC outcomes while also exploring interventions that target SDH and thereby improve CRC outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lorentsen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, CB 7305, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, CB 7305, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hanna K Sanoff
- Division of Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, CB 7305, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hutchings H, Behinaein P, Enofe N, Brue K, Tam S, Chang S, Movsas B, Poisson L, Wang A, Okereke I. Association of Social Determinants with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1015. [PMID: 38473374 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores have been utilized more frequently, but the relationship of PRO scores to determinants of health and social inequities has not been widely studied. Our goal was to determine the association of PRO scores with social determinants. All patients with a new cancer diagnosis who completed a PRO survey from 2020 to 2022 were included. The PRO survey recorded scores for depression, fatigue, pain interference and physical function. Higher depression, fatigue and pain scores indicated more distress. Higher physical condition scores indicated improved functionality. A total of 1090 patients were included. Married patients had significantly better individual PRO scores for each domain. Patients who were able to use the online portal to complete their survey also had better individual scores. Male patients and non-White patients had worse pain scores than female and White patients, respectively. Patients with prostate cancer had the best scores while patients with head and neck and lung cancer had the worst scores. PRO scores varied by cancer disease site and stage. Social support may act in combination with specific patient/tumor factors to influence PRO scores. These findings present opportunities to address patient support at institutional levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hollis Hutchings
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Parnia Behinaein
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Nosayaba Enofe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kellie Brue
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Samantha Tam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Steven Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Benjamin Movsas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ikenna Okereke
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jeleff M, Haider S, Schiffler T, Gil-Salmerón A, Yang L, Barreto Schuch F, Grabovac I. Cancer risk factors and access to cancer prevention services for people experiencing homelessness. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e128-e146. [PMID: 38307679 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most pressing global health issues, and populations with complex needs, such as people experiencing homelessness, have higher cancer incidence and mortality rates compared with the housed population. We mapped the evidence on cancer risk factors as well as barriers and facilitators to cancer prevention services among people experiencing homelessness, which is key to localising research gaps and identifying strategies for tailored interventions adapted to people experiencing homelessness. The results of 40 studies contribute to an understanding of the dynamic, interactive factors at different levels that determine access to cancer prevention services: socioeconomic, psychological, and physical factors (individual level); practical support and relational loops between health-care providers and people experiencing homelessness (interpersonal level); housing and regular medical care (system level); and interventions to facilitate access to cancer prevention (policy level). Furthermore, studies reported higher prevalence of various cancer-associated risk factors among people experiencing homelessness with the most common being tobacco use, ranging from 26% to 73%. The results show the importance of interventions to facilitate cancer prevention services through social support and low-threshold interventions (eg, navigation programmes), and training health-care staff in creating supportive and trusting environments that increase the likelihood of the continuity of care among people experiencing homelessness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Jeleff
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tobias Schiffler
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alejandro Gil-Salmerón
- International Foundation for Integrated Care, Oxford, UK; International University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Department of Oncology and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adan GIA. Imagery as a Participatory Tool of Resilience for Marginalized Persons. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:188-189. [PMID: 38207221 PMCID: PMC10862197 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Iona A Adan
- Grace Iona A. Adan is a DrPh candidate at the School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Martyn E, O'Regan S, Harris P, Leonard M, Veitch M, Sultan B, Matthews PC, Ghosh I, Story A, Surey J. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening, linkage and retention-in-care in inclusion health populations: Evaluation of an outreach screening programme in London. J Infect 2024; 88:167-172. [PMID: 38159579 PMCID: PMC7615690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated a hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening programme, delivered by a specialist pan-London multidisciplinary outreach team, to understand population characteristics and care cascade among people who experience extreme social exclusion (Inclusion Health (IH) groups). METHODS Point-of-care HBV screening was performed in temporary accommodation for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) and people seeking asylum (initial accommodation centres, IACs) via a mobile unit staffed by peers with lived experience, nurses, and doctors. We analysed demographics and HBV characteristics of adults screened between May 2020 and January 2022. We ascertained linkage-to-care (LTC), retention-in-care (RIC) and loss-to-follow-up (LTFU). People LTFU were contacted by peers to re-engage in care. RESULTS 2473 people were screened: 809 in IACs, 1664 in other temporary accommodation. Overall hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence was 1.7% (43/2473), highest in IACs (3.5%, 28/809). LTC within 3 months was 56% (24/43) and RIC, 87% (26/30). LTC was higher when referred to a local IH-specialist hepatitis service, compared to other services (77%, 17/22 vs 33%, 7/21; p = 0.006). LTFU was 30% (13/43), reduced to 21% (9/43) after intervention by peers. CONCLUSION Our findings support outreach screening among IH populations and peer-supported linkage to IH-specialist hepatitis services. We recommend increased HBV testing and HBV-specific IH specialist services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Martyn
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Sive O'Regan
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Philippa Harris
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Mark Leonard
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Martha Veitch
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Binta Sultan
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation Trust, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK; Institute of Global Health, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation Trust, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK; Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation Trust, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Alistair Story
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK; Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Julian Surey
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK; Institute of Global Health, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alang SM, Letcher AS, Mitsdarffer ML, Kieber-Emmons A, Rivera J, Moeller C, Biery N, Batts H. The Radical Welcome Engagement Restoration Model and Assessment Tool for Community-Engaged Partnerships. Health Promot Pract 2024:15248399231223744. [PMID: 38293773 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231223744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
People experiencing addiction, houselessness, or who have a history of incarceration have worse health outcomes compared with the general population. This is due, in part, to practices and policies of historically White institutions that exclude the voices, perspectives, and contributions of communities of color in leadership, socio-economic development, and decision-making that matters for their wellbeing. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches hold promise for addressing health inequities. However, full engagement of people harmed by systemic injustices in CBPR partnerships is challenging due to inequities in power and access to resources. We describe how an Allentown-based CBPR partnership-the Health Equity Activation Research Team of clinicians, researchers, and persons with histories of incarceration, addiction, and houselessness-uses the Radical Welcome Engagement Restoration Model (RWERM) to facilitate full engagement by all partners. Data were collected through participatory ethnography, focus groups, and individual interviews. Analyses were performed using deductive coding in a series of iterative meaning-making processes that involved all partners. Findings highlighted six defining phases of the radical welcome framework: (a) passionate invitation, (b) radical welcome, (c) authentic sense of belonging, (d) co-creation of roles, (e) prioritization of issues, and (f) individual and collective action. A guide to assessing progression across these phases, as well as a 32-item radical welcome instrument to help CBPR partners anticipate and overcome challenges to engagement are introduced and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirry M Alang
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jose Rivera
- Promise Neighborhoods of the Lehigh Valley, Allentown, PA, USA
- Pinebrook Family Answers, Allentown, PA, USA
| | | | - Nyann Biery
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Hasshan Batts
- Promise Neighborhoods of the Lehigh Valley, Allentown, PA, USA
- Prison Survivor Network, Allentown, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Crooks J, Flemming K, Shulman C, Hudson B. Understanding aims, successes and challenges of palliative care and homelessness initiatives across the UK: an exploratory study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075498. [PMID: 38272553 PMCID: PMC10824023 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the recognition that people experiencing homelessness (PEH) often die young and unsupported, a growing number of initiatives focusing on palliative care and homelessness are emerging across the UK. However, there has been no systematic exploration of the nature and landscape of this work. AIMS To understand the range, aims, successes and challenges of current initiatives within the field of palliative care and homelessness in the UK, by exploring existing projects and initiatives. METHOD An online survey was distributed to members of an Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes network focusing on palliative care and homelessness for a mixed professional audience. The survey collated the aims, successes and challenges of initiatives aiming to improve palliative care for PEH. Responses were summarised using descriptive statistics, and free-text responses were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS 162 professionals completed the survey. Of these, 62% reported involvement in at least one palliative care and homelessness initiative. Initiatives focused on service delivery (59%), training (28%) and research (28%). Themes for success included improved service engagement, relationship formation, housing provision, honouring end-of-life wishes, upskilling staff and enabling safe hospital discharge. The main challenges included stigma around substance misuse, securing funding, staff capacity, equipment and facilities, and engaging communities. CONCLUSION The number and scope of initiatives aiming to support PEH with advanced ill health and palliative care needs across the UK is growing, with a range of professionals engaging in the field. Future research may benefit from exploring initiatives in more detail to understand the specific drivers of impact on PEH and the staff and services supporting them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Shulman
- Pathway, London, UK
- UCL, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, London, UK
| | - Briony Hudson
- Policy and Research, Marie Curie, London, UK
- UCL, Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Daaleman TP, Johnson J, Gelberg L, Agans R, Biederman DJ. Protocol of a mixed method research design to study medical respite programs for persons experiencing homelessness. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295543. [PMID: 38206961 PMCID: PMC10783722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical Respite Programs (MRPs) characterize a care model that has been developed to address the health care and social needs of persons experiencing homelessness by providing post-acute hospital care in a safe environment. Although this model has been shown to reduce hospitalizations, improve health outcomes and increase access to health services, prior studies of MRP programs and outcomes have been limited to individual sites and may not generalize to the population of individuals receiving MRP care. This study protocol describes a mixed method design to collect organizational, provider, and patient-level data from a sample of MRPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Daaleman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Joanne Johnson
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lillian Gelberg
- Department of Family Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Agans
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Donna J. Biederman
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Siersbaek R, O'Donnell C, Parker S, Ford J, Burke S, Ní Cheallaigh C. Social exclusion and its impact on health over the life course: A realist review protocol. HRB Open Res 2023; 6:34. [PMID: 38357513 PMCID: PMC10864819 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13746.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Social exclusion is a process whereby certain individuals are born into or pushed to the margins of society and prevented from participating in social, cultural, economic, and political life. People who experience social exclusion are not afforded the same rights and privileges as other population groups. Socially excluded people often experience poorer outcomes in a variety of domains including health, education, employment, and housing than people with socio-economic privilege. People experiencing social exclusion frequently have higher and more complex health needs and poorer access to healthcare than the general population. The aim of this study is to better understand and explain how social exclusion occurs and how it impacts health over the life course. Methods A realist review will be undertaken. Data will be collected via a systematic search of databases of peer-reviewed literature and further iterative searches of peer-reviewed and other literatures as needed. The following data bases will be searched: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and ASSIA, using both indexed subject headings in each database and relevant key words. Grey literature will be searched via Google Scholar and relevant websites of organisations that work with populations affected by social exclusion. Conclusion A realist review will be conducted to explain the underlying societal mechanisms which produce social exclusion and related health outcomes in particular contexts affecting excluded population groups across the life course. The study has the potential to inform policy makers and service managers of how and why social exclusion occurs and potential key intervention points to prevent exclusion from happening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Siersbaek
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT, Ireland
| | - Chris O'Donnell
- Safetynet Primary Care, Catherine Mc Auley Education & Research Centre, Dublin 7, D07 A8NN, Ireland
| | - Sarah Parker
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 3-4 Foster Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John Ford
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sara Burke
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 3-4 Foster Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ward A, Andrews L, Black A, Williamson AE. Communicating effectively with inclusion health populations: 2022 ICCH symposium. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 117:107977. [PMID: 37708698 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe communication strategies for clinical practice that allow practitioners to work more effectively with marginalised population groups and to discuss how to incorporate these into medical practice. METHODS Active practitioners working in inclusion health and people with lived experience of homelessness and the asylum-seeking process shared their perspectives in the symposium at the 2022 International Conference on Communication in Healthcare (ICCH) and a subsequent conference on empathy in healthcare. The views of attendees were sought. SYMPOSIUM DISCUSSION We describe the perspectives shared at the symposia under two main themes: communication needs in people experiencing homelessness and migrant populations, and trauma-informed practice. CONCLUSIONS People experiencing homelessness have more communication challenges compared to the general adult population. Migrant, refugee, and asylum-seeking populations also face the complexity of negotiating unfamiliar healthcare, legal and social systems with the added burden of language barriers. Trauma-informed practice provides a useful framework that can improve communication with these groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Ward
- Stoneygate Centre for Empathic Healthcare, Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | | | - Anna Black
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang CX, Lewer D, Aldridge RW, Hayward AC, Cornaglia C, Trussell P, Lillford-Wildman C, Castle J, Gommon J, Campos-Matos I. Small numbers, big impact: making a utilitarian case for the contribution of inclusion health to population health in England. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:816-820. [PMID: 37734936 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion health groups make up a small proportion of the general population, so despite the extreme social exclusion and poor health outcomes that these groups experience, they are often overlooked in public health investment and policy development. In this paper, we demonstrate that a utilitarian argument can be made for investment in better support for inclusion health groups despite their small size. That is, by preventing social exclusion, there is the potential for large aggregate health benefits to the whole population. We illustrate this by reframing existing published mortality estimates into population attributable fractions to show that 12% of all-cause premature deaths (95% CI 10.03% to 14.29%) are attributable to the circumstances of people who experience homelessness, use drugs and/or have been in prison. We also show that a large proportion of cause-specific premature deaths in the general population can be attributed to specific inclusion health groups, such as 43% of deaths due to viral hepatitis (95% CI 30.35% to 56.61%) and nearly 4000 deaths due to cancer (3844, 95% CI 3438 to 4285) between 2013 and 2021 attributed to individuals who use illicit opioids. Considering the complexity of the inclusion health policy context and the sparseness of evidence, we discuss how a shift in policy framing from 'inclusion health vs the rest of the population' to 'the impact of social exclusion on broader population health' makes a better case for increased policy attention and investment in inclusion health. We discuss the strengths and limitations of this approach and how it can be applied to public health policy, resource prioritisation and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire X Zhang
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Lewer
- Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Robert W Aldridge
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew C Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlotta Cornaglia
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Peta Trussell
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Lillford-Wildman
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Joanna Castle
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Jake Gommon
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Ines Campos-Matos
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Emanuel E, Slater L, Croxford S, Edmundson C, Ibitoye A, Njoroge J, Ijaz S, Hope V, Platt L, Phipps E, Desai M. Adverse health outcomes among people who inject drugs who engaged in recent sex work: findings from a national survey. Public Health 2023; 225:79-86. [PMID: 37922590 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores trends in sex work among people who inject drugs (PWID) by gender and the relationship between sex work and adverse health outcomes including overdose, injection-site, and blood-borne virus (BBV) infections. STUDY DESIGN The Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey of PWID is an annual cross-sectional survey that monitors BBV prevalence and behaviours, including transactional sex, among PWID recruited through specialist services in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. METHODS Trends in sex work among PWID (2011-2021) were described. Data were analysed to assess differences between PWID who engaged in sex work in the past year (sex workers [SWs]) and those who did not (non-SWs) by gender (Pearson Chi2 tests) (2018-2021). Associations between sex work in the past year and adverse health outcomes were investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2021, sex work among PWID remained stable, with 31% of women and 6.3% of men who inject, reporting having ever engaged in sex work, and 14% of women and 2.2% of men engaging in sex work in the past year. Between 2018 and 2021, SWs had greater odds of reporting symptoms of an injection-site infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.68 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.31-2.16], P < 0.001) and reporting overdose (aOR: 2.21 [CI: 1.74-2.80], P < 0.001) than non-SWs had in the past year. Among men, SWs had 243% greater odds of having HIV than non-SWs (aOR: 3.43 [CI: 1.03-11.33], P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight disproportionate vulnerability and intersection of overlapping risk factors experienced by PWID SWs and a need for tailored interventions which are inclusive and low-threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Emanuel
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Slater
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom.
| | - S Croxford
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom; St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, United Kingdom
| | - C Edmundson
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Ibitoye
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Njoroge
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Ijaz
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Hope
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom; Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Platt
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Phipps
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Desai
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Plage S, Baker K, Parsell C, Stambe R, Kuskoff E, Mansuri A. Staying safe, feeling welcome, being seen: How spatio-temporal configurations affect relations of care at an inclusive health and wellness centre. Health Expect 2023; 26:2620-2629. [PMID: 37656503 PMCID: PMC10632618 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People experiencing homelessness also experience poorer health and frequently attend acute care settings when primary health care would be better equipped to meet their needs. Existing scholarship identifies a complex mix of individual and structural-level factors affecting primary health care engagement driving this pattern of health services utilisation. We build on this existing knowledge, by bringing the spatio-temporal configurations of primary health care into focus. Specifically, we interrogate how space and time inflect situated practices and relations of care. METHODS This study took an ethnographic approach and was conducted 2021-2022 at an inclusive health and wellness centre ("the Centre") in Southeast Queensland, Australia. The data consists of 46 interviews with 48 people with lived experience of homelessness, including participants who use the services offered at the Centre (n = 26) and participants who do not (n = 19). We also interviewed 20 clinical and non-clinical service providers affiliated with the Centre and observed how service delivery took place. Interviews and observations were complemented by visual data, including participant-produced photography. All data were analysed employing a narrative framework. RESULTS We present three interrelated themes demonstrating how space and time affect care, that is 'staying safe', 'feeling welcome' and 'being seen'. 'Staying safe' captures the perceptions and practices around safety, which sit in tension with making service users feel welcome. 'Feeling welcome' attends to the sense of being invited to use services free of judgment. 'Being seen' depicts capacities to see a health care provider as well as being understood in one's lived experience. CONCLUSION Spatio-temporal configurations, such as attendance policies, consultation modalities and time allocated to care encounters afford differential opportunities to nurture reciprocal relations. We conclude that flexible service configurations can leverage a relational model of care. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Service providers were consulted during the design stage of the project and had opportunities to inform data collection instruments. Two service providers contributed to the manuscript as co-authors. People with lived experience of homelessness who use the services at the inclusive health centre contributed as research participants and provided input into the dissemination of findings. The photography they produced has been featured in an in-person exhibition, to which some have contributed as consultants or curators. It is hoped that their insights into experiences of welcomeness, safety and being seen will inform flexible and relational primary health care design, delivery, and evaluation to better cater for people experiencing housing instability and poverty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Plage
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life CourseIndooroopillyAustralia
| | - Kirsten Baker
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineThe University of Technology SydneyBroadwayAustralia
- Inclusive Health and Wellness HubSouth BrisbaneAustralia
| | - Cameron Parsell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life CourseIndooroopillyAustralia
| | - Rose‐Marie Stambe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life CourseIndooroopillyAustralia
| | - Ella Kuskoff
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life CourseIndooroopillyAustralia
| | - Arif Mansuri
- Inclusive Health and Wellness HubSouth BrisbaneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Modena MG, Lodi E, Rodighiero E, Gasparini PA. 50 shades of lockdown: sex workers' hidden world during COVID pandemic. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:964-969. [PMID: 37632397 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on psychological health and socioeconomic structures. The consequences of COVID-19 on the physical, psychological, and social spheres have been extensively studied, except for aspects concerning sexuality and sex workers, in terms of physical, social and economic impact, but also as a possible cause for viral transmission. METHODS With the intention of counteracting the lack of research, from September 2020 to August 2022, we distributed an anonymous questionnaire to Sex Workers' associations aimed at investigating the impact of the pandemics on sex workers. In the period examined we received and reviewed 147 questionnaires from women, men, and transsexuals. CONCLUSIONS The prevention of the viral transmission during a pandemic is of utmost importance but should not be exclusively promoted at the expense of other important prevention initiatives. Safeguarding psycho-physical health of the general population, including effective health educational communications emphasizing the importance of sexual activity in mental and physical health should be part of ongoing health objectives. These approaches need to include sex workers of all genders-particularly racialized and marginalized sex workers-in public health planning and messaging alongside structural interventions. Full decriminalization of sex work and access to workplace protections are key to protecting both sex workers' and clients' health. Sex workers of all genders have often been among the first hit by epidemics and the last to be protected-it is long past time to change that.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Lodi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Campbell AC, Young J, Calais Ferreira L, Pearce LA, Shuttleworth RR, Kinner SA. Response to: 'Small numbers, big impact: making a utilitarian case for the contribution of inclusion health to population health in England' by Zhang et al. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 78:jech-2023-221635. [PMID: 38053267 PMCID: PMC11045360 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Charles Campbell
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse Young
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Mental Health Policy, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas Calais Ferreira
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Justice Health Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lindsay A Pearce
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Justice Health Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca R Shuttleworth
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Justice Health Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Retzer A, Jones J, Damery S, Ullah H, Omonijo M, Varney J, Jolly K. Retaining public health volunteers beyond COVID-19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294157. [PMID: 37956146 PMCID: PMC10642819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a change in people's volunteering behaviours; participation has increased in informal volunteering (giving unpaid help to those who are not a relative) while decreasing in formal volunteering (unpaid help to groups or clubs). There is an interest from stakeholders who have experienced increased participation in maintaining the positive patterns of volunteering, aligning with National Health Service (NHS) objectives and realising benefits in a wider public health context. This research uses a local COVID-19 public health volunteering programme case study to explore the volunteer's journey and perspective using volunteers' reported experiences to consider the potential for volunteer retention and role expansion into other public health issues beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Recruitment was undertaken by Birmingham City Council Public Health Team via the COVID-19 Community Champions programme mailing list. Semi-structured focus group discussions, one-to-one interviews and email interviews were conducted with volunteers. Data were analysed through directed thematic analysis using an iteratively developed coding frame. RESULTS Data were collected from three focus group discussions, four interviews, and one email interview involving a total of 16 participants. Six themes were identified: volunteer motivations and expectations; volunteer management; programme organisation; feeling valued; continued need for role, and interest in new responsibilities. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the factors which are conducive to volunteer recruitment, retention and re-purposing were: maintaining the original terms of engaging with the volunteering opportunity (including retaining the original brief and remit), adjusting these through consultative processes with an emphasis on seeking permission from the volunteers already involved and ensuring a reliable and consistent management and support structure. While some of the learning is specific to the local volunteer programme in question and the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are lessons that can be generalised to other scenarios and settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameeta Retzer
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Jones
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Damery
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Habib Ullah
- Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Justin Varney
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham City Council, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bayuo J, Kuug AK. The extended case method in nursing research: Unpacking the 'what', 'why' and 'how'. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:4245-4254. [PMID: 37737518 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extended case method approach has been in existence for decades, albeit remains poorly utilized in nursing, though there are several phenomena of interest to the discipline that may potentially benefit from this unique approach. This provides an avenue to examine the extended case method approach and how to employ it to examine phenomena of interest to the discipline of nursing. OBJECTIVES To examine what the extended case method is, why it should be employed to examine phenomena of interest to nursing, highlight some studies that have employed the approach in nursing, and offer methodological guidance to support its conduct and uptake in nursing research. DESIGN Discussion paper. FINDINGS The extended case method emphasizes the use of a theory and focuses on discovering how underlying structures at the micro level are affected by broader social forces. This makes it a useful approach to examine how macro level theories affect vulnerable, marginalized persons, which makes it particularly useful to the discipline of nursing. The approach is flexible, and there are no strict steps to be followed, albeit three important stages are highlighted. DISCUSSION The extended case method offers a unique approach to examining how policies, rules and structures come into play in phenomena of interest to the discipline of nursing. This notwithstanding, the use of this approach is resource intensive. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: The extended case method is a unique qualitative design applicable to examining understudied, emerging and established phenomena relevant to nursing. The focus of the extended case method is to examine 'what is' and 'what ought to be'. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bayuo
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Siersbaek R, Ford J, Ní Cheallaigh C, Thomas S, Burke S. How do health system factors (funding and performance) impact on access to healthcare for populations experiencing homelessness: a realist evaluation. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:218. [PMID: 37848878 PMCID: PMC10583475 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People experiencing long-term homelessness face significant difficulties accessing appropriate healthcare at the right time and place. This study explores how and why healthcare performance management and funding arrangements contribute to healthcare accessibility or the lack thereof using long-term homeless adults as an example of a population experiencing social exclusion. METHODS A realist evaluation was undertaken. Thirteen realist interviews were conducted after which data were transcribed, coded, and analysed. RESULTS Fourteen CMOCs were created based on analysis of the data collected. These were then consolidated into four higher-level CMOCs. They show that health systems characterised by fragmentation are designed to meet their own needs above the needs of patients, and they rely on practitioners with a special interest and specialised services to fill the gaps in the system. Key contexts identified in the study include: health system fragmentation; health service fragmentation; bio-medical, one problem at a time model; responsive specialised services; unresponsive mainstream services; national strategy; short health system funding cycles; and short-term goals. CONCLUSION When health services are fragmented and complex, the needs of socially excluded populations such as those experiencing homelessness are not met. Health systems focus on their own metrics and rely on separate actors such as independent NGOs to fill gaps when certain people are not accommodated in the mainstream health system. As a result, health systems lack a comprehensive understanding of the needs of all population groups and fail to plan adequately, which maintains fragmentation. Policy makers must set policy and plan health services based on a full understanding of needs of all population groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Siersbaek
- Discipline of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - John Ford
- Wolfson Institute for Population Health, Queen Mary University, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- Discipline of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Steve Thomas
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, 3-4 Foster Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sara Burke
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, 3-4 Foster Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Campbell AC, Pearce LA, Willoughby M, Borschmann R, Young J, Bruun A, Sundbery J, Kinner SA. Adverse childhood experiences, morbidity, mortality and resilience in socially excluded populations: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074314. [PMID: 37848305 PMCID: PMC10582898 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Socially excluded populations, defined by homelessness, substance use disorder, sex work or criminal justice system contact, experience profound health inequity compared with the general population. Cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including neglect, abuse and household dysfunction before age 18, has been found to be independently associated with both an increased risk of social exclusion and adverse health and mortality outcomes in adulthood.Despite this, the impact of ACEs on health and mortality within socially excluded populations is poorly understood. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts and Criminal Justice Database for peer-reviewed studies measuring ACEs and their impact on health and mortality in socially excluded populations.Three review questions will guide our data extraction and analysis. First, what is the prevalence of ACEs among people experiencing social exclusion in included studies? Second, what is the relationship between ACEs and health and mortality outcomes among people experiencing social exclusion? Does resilience modify the strength of association between ACEs and health outcomes among people experiencing social exclusion?We will meta-analyse the relationship between ACE exposure and health outcomes classified into six a prior categories: (1) substance use disorders; (2) sexual and reproductive health; (3) communicable diseases; (4) mental illness; (5) non-communicable diseases and (6) violence victimisation, perpetration and injury. If there are insufficient studies for meta-analysis, we will conduct a narrative synthesis. Study quality will be assessed using the MethodologicAl STandards for Epidemiological Research scale. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Our findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, in presentations at academic conferences and in a brief report for policy makers and service providers. We do not require ethics approval as this review will use data that have been previously published. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022357565.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Charles Campbell
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lindsay A Pearce
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Willoughby
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse Young
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Bruun
- Youth Support and Advocacy Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui Sundbery
- Youth Support and Advocacy Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Potter L, McDonagh L, Horwood J, Farr M, Feder G, Wong G. Improving access to general practice for people with severe and multiple disadvantage: a realist review protocol (The Connection Study). Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:331. [PMID: 38074196 PMCID: PMC10704067 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19460.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite having high unmet health need, people with severe and multiple disadvantage (SMD, including combinations of homelessness, substance misuse, poor mental health and domestic violence and abuse) have poor access to general practice. This realist review will examine the existing evidence on interventions or aspects of routine care in general practice that are likely to increase or decrease access to general practice for people with SMD. Methods and analysis: he aim of this review is to identify how these interventions or aspects of routine care increase or decrease access to general practice for people with SMD, in which contexts and for which patients. This review will involve a process comprising five sequential phases: (1) identifying established theories, (2) conducting an extensive search for proof, (3) selecting appropriate articles, (4) gathering and organising relevant data, and (5) utilising a realist analytical approach to synthesise evidence and make conclusions. Local implementation documents, in addition to published research studies, will be incorporated to enrich the analysis. We will collaborate with a stakeholder group consisting of people with lived experience of SMD and those who support them to advise us throughout. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required. Our findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and lay summaries and will be used to develop a complex intervention for improving access to general practice for and with people with severe and multiple disadvantage. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023390495.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Potter
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Lorraine McDonagh
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, England, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Jeremy Horwood
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2PN, UK
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK
| | - Michelle Farr
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2PN, UK
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK
| | - Gene Feder
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2PN, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Carmichael C, Schiffler T, Smith L, Moudatsou M, Tabaki I, Doñate-Martínez A, Alhambra-Borrás T, Kouvari M, Karnaki P, Gil-Salmeron A, Grabovac I. Barriers and facilitators to health care access for people experiencing homelessness in four European countries: an exploratory qualitative study. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:206. [PMID: 37803317 PMCID: PMC10559410 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are known to be at higher risk of adverse health outcomes and premature mortality when compared to the housed population and often face significant barriers when attempting to access health services. This study aimed to better understand the specific health care needs of PEH and the barriers and facilitators associated with their timely and equitable access to health services in the European context. METHODS We conducted an exploratory cross-national qualitative study involving people with lived experience of homelessness and health and social care professionals in Austria, Greece, Spain, and the UK. A total of 69 semi-structured interviews comprising 15 social care professionals, 19 health care professionals, and 35 PEH were completed, transcribed, and analysed thematically. RESULTS Findings were organised into three overarching themes relating to the research question: (a) Health care needs of PEH, (b) Barriers to health care access, and (c) Facilitators to health care access. Overall, the general health of PEH was depicted as extremely poor, and mainstream health services were portrayed as ill-equipped to respond to the needs of this population. Adopting tailored approaches to care, especially involving trusted professionals in the delivery of care, was identified as a key strategy for overcoming existing barriers. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate there to be a high degree of consistency in the health care needs of PEH and the barriers and facilitators associated with their access to health care across the various European settings. Homelessness in itself is recognized to represent an essential social determinant of health, with PEH at risk of unequal access to health services. Changes are thus required to facilitate PEH's access to mainstream primary care. This can also be further complemented by investment in 'in-reach' services and other tailored and person-centred forms of health care. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered retrospectively on June 6, 2022, in the registry of ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT05406687.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Carmichael
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, East Rd, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Tobias Schiffler
- Centre for Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, East Rd, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Maria Moudatsou
- PRAKSIS - Programs of Development, Social Support and Medical Cooperation, Stournari 57, Athens, 104 32, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tabaki
- PRAKSIS - Programs of Development, Social Support and Medical Cooperation, Stournari 57, Athens, 104 32, Greece
| | - Ascensión Doñate-Martínez
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Carrer del Serpis, 29, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Tamara Alhambra-Borrás
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Carrer del Serpis, 29, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Environmental and Occupational Health, PROLEPSIS - Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fragoklisias street 7, Athens, 151 25, Greece
| | - Pania Karnaki
- Environmental and Occupational Health, PROLEPSIS - Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fragoklisias street 7, Athens, 151 25, Greece
| | - Alejandro Gil-Salmeron
- International Foundation for Integrated Care, Linton Road, Oxford, OX2 6UD, UK
- International University of Valencia, Calle del Pintor Sorolla, 21, Valencia, 46002, Spain
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Centre for Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tulloch AD, Khan Z, Hewett N, Koehne S, Rao R. Evaluation of a Pathway team for homeless mental health in-patients. BJPsych Bull 2023; 47:255-262. [PMID: 36872081 PMCID: PMC10764855 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2022.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND METHOD The Pathway model is an enhanced care coordination model for homeless people in hospital. We aimed to evaluate the first attempt to apply it on psychiatric wards, which started in 2015 in South London. We developed a logic model which expressed how the Pathway approach might work. Two predictions from this model were tested, using propensity scores and regression to estimate the effect of the intervention among people who were eligible for it. RESULTS The Pathway team theorised that their interventions would reduce length of stay, improve housing outcomes and optimise the use of primary care - and, more tentatively, reduce readmission and emergency presentations. We were able to estimate effects on length of stay (-20.3 days; 95% CI -32.5 to -8.1; P = 0.0012) and readmission (a non-significant reduction). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The marked reduction in length of stay, explicable in terms of the logic model, constitutes preliminary support for the Pathway model in mental health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex D. Tulloch
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, UK
| | - Zana Khan
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Sophie Koehne
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ranga Rao
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rapaport P, Kidd G, Jeraldo RE, Mason A, Knapp M, Manthorpe J, Shulman C, Livingston G. A qualitative exploration of older people's lived experiences of homelessness and memory problems - stakeholder perspectives. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:556. [PMID: 37700235 PMCID: PMC10498566 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The numbers of older people experiencing both homelessness and memory problems are growing, yet their complex health, housing and care needs remain undelineated and unmet. There is a critical gap in understanding what can improve the care, support and experiences of this group. In this qualitative study we explore how stakeholders understand memory problems among older people in the context of homelessness and consider what they judge gets in the way of achieving positive outcomes. METHOD We conducted reflexive thematic analysis of qualitative interviews (n = 49) using a semi-structured topic guide, with 17 older people (aged ≥ 50 years) experiencing memory problems and homelessness, 15 hostel staff and managers, and 17 health, housing and social care practitioners. We recruited participants from six homelessness hostels, one specialist care home and National Health and Local Authority Services in England. RESULTS We identified four overarching themes. The population is not taken seriously; multiple causes are hard to disentangle; risk of exploitation and vulnerability; and (dis)connection and social isolation. The transience and lack of stability associated with homelessness intensified the disorienting nature of memory and cognitive impairment, and those providing direct and indirect support required flexibility and persistence, with staff moving beyond traditional roles to advocate, provide care and safeguard individuals. Memory problems were perceived by frontline staff and older people to be overlooked, misinterpreted, and misattributed as being caused by alcohol use, resulting in pervasive barriers to achieving positive and desired outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to meet the needs of older people living with memory problems and experiencing homelessness and future interventions must reflect the complexity of their lives, often in the context of long-term alcohol use and current service provision and we make suggestions as to what could be done to improve the situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penny Rapaport
- UCL Department of Mental Health of Older People, Division of Psychiatry, Wing B, Floor 6 Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
| | - Garrett Kidd
- UCL Department of Mental Health of Older People, Division of Psychiatry, Wing B, Floor 6 Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Rosario Espinoza Jeraldo
- UCL Department of Mental Health of Older People, Division of Psychiatry, Wing B, Floor 6 Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Ava Mason
- UCL Department of Mental Health of Older People, Division of Psychiatry, Wing B, Floor 6 Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health and Social Care Workforce, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Shulman
- Pathway, London, UK
- Healthy London Partnership, London, UK
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- UCL Department of Mental Health of Older People, Division of Psychiatry, Wing B, Floor 6 Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7NF, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tay Wee Teck J, Butner JL, Baldacchino A. Understanding the use of telemedicine across different opioid use disorder treatment models: A scoping review. J Telemed Telecare 2023:1357633X231195607. [PMID: 37661829 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x231195607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has instigated the development of telemedicine-mediated provision of medications for opioid use disorder such as buprenorphine and methadone, referred to as TMOUD in this study. As services start to return to pre-pandemic norms, there is a debate around the role of TMOUD as addition to or replacement of the conventional cascade of care for people with opioid use disorder (PWOUD). This scoping review is designed to characterize existing TMOUD services and provide insights to enable a more nuanced discussion on the role of telemedicine in the care of PWOUD. METHODS The literature search was conducted in OVID Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, from inception up to and including April 2023, using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The review considered any study design that detailed sufficient descriptive information on a given TMOUD service. A data extraction form was developed to collect and categorize a range of descriptive characteristics of each discrete TMOUD model identified from the obtained articles. RESULTS A total of 45 articles met the inclusion criteria, and from this, 40 discrete TMOUD services were identified. In total, 33 services were US-based, three from Canada, and one each from India, Ireland, the UK, and Norway. Through a detailed analysis of TMOUD service characteristics, four models of care were identified. These were TMOUD to facilitate inclusion health, to facilitate transitions in care, to meet complex healthcare needs, and to maintain opioid use disorder (OUD) service resilience. CONCLUSIONS Characterizing TMOUD according to its functional benefits to PWOUD and OUD services will help support evidence-based policy and practice. Additionally, particular attention is given to how digital exclusion of PWOUD can be mitigated against.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tay Wee Teck
- DigitAS Project, Population and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Forward Leeds and Humankind Charity, Durham, UK
| | - Jenna L Butner
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex Baldacchino
- DigitAS Project, Population and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gittins R, Teck JTW, Knowles R, Clarke N, Baldacchino A. Implementing buprenorphine prolonged-release injection using a health at the margins approach for transactional sex-workers. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1224376. [PMID: 37547196 PMCID: PMC10400437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1224376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Access to prescribed interventions and retention in treatment services are associated with improved health outcomes and reduced premature mortality rates for people living with opioid use disorder (OUD). In Leeds, transactional sex-workers frequently cycled in and out of treatment for OUD such that they never reached a level of engagement that permitted opportunities to meet their healthcare or housing needs. Barriers to accessing care provision include an itinerant lifestyle, difficulties with travel at unpredictable hours, impacting upon adherence to medication regimens including daily supervised consumption. Objectives To use a co-produced, "health at the margins" approach, to reach the sex-working population in Leeds, and support informed choices about the potential to receive buprenorphine prolonged-release injection (BPRI) as a treatment option for OUD. Methods BPRI was introduced using a theory of change model and improvements in sex-worker care delivery was reviewed. Strategies included buprenorphine micro-induction, shared decision-making, collaborative multi-agency working and supporting a strengths-based and trauma-informed approach. Results Benefits of BPRI included removal of the need for daily pharmacy visits, reducing the risk of diversion, improved medication adherence, stability and engagement with treatment and supportive services. Conclusion BPRI may offer an additional option for pharmacological interventions for people with OUD where there may be increased barriers to accessing treatment for example due to sex-working. Strategies for effective BPRI include micro-induction, shared decision-making, collaborative multi-agency working and supporting a strengths-based approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Tay Wee Teck
- Forward Leeds and Humankind Charity, Durham, United Kingdom
- Population and Behavioural Science Research Division, School of Medicine, St Andrews University, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicole Clarke
- Forward Leeds and Humankind Charity, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Baldacchino
- Population and Behavioural Science Research Division, School of Medicine, St Andrews University, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brean SJ, Recoche K, William L, Lakhani A, Zhong Y, Shimoinaba K. Advance care plans for vulnerable and disadvantaged adults: systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023:spcare-2023-004162. [PMID: 37380215 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that there is a gap in advance care planning (ACP) completion between vulnerable and disadvantaged populations compared with the general population. This review seeks to identify tools, guidelines or frameworks that have been used to support ACP interventions with vulnerable and disadvantaged adult populations as well as their experiences and outcomes with them. The findings will inform practice in ACP programmes. METHODS A systematic search of six databases from 1 January 2010 to 30 March 2022 was conducted to identify original peer-reviewed research that used ACP interventions via tools, guidelines or frameworks with vulnerable and disadvantaged adult populations and reported qualitative findings. A narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Relatives, caregivers or substitute decision-makers were included in eight studies. SETTINGS hospital outpatient clinics (N=7), community settings (N=7), nursing homes (N=2), prison (N=1) and hospital (N=1). A variety of ACP tools, guidelines or frameworks were identified; however, the facilitator's skills and approach in delivering the intervention appeared to be as important as the intervention itself. Participants indicated mixed experiences, some positive, some negative and four themes emerged: uncertainty, trust, culture and decision-making behaviour. The most common descriptors relating to these themes were prognosis uncertainty, poor end-of-life communication and the importance of building trust. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that ACP communication could be improved. ACP conversations should incorporate a holistic and personalised approach to optimise efficacy. Facilitators should be equipped with the necessary skills, tools and information needed to assist ACP decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Jane Brean
- Advance Care Planning, Eastern Health, Wantirna, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, School of Nursing and Midwifery Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina Recoche
- Monash University, School of Nursing and Midwifery Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leeroy William
- Supportive and Palliative Care Service, Eastern Health, Wantirna, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali Lakhani
- La Trobe University, School of Psychology and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yaping Zhong
- Monash University, School of Nursing and Midwifery Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaori Shimoinaba
- Monash University, School of Nursing and Midwifery Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gottvall M, Brunell C, Eldebo A, Kissiti R, Mattsson E, Jirwe M, Carlsson T. Nurse education about forced migrants with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and gender expressions: An exploratory focus group study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 128:105880. [PMID: 37356186 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, forced migrants can seek asylum based on persecution and danger related to self-identifying as having diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and gender expressions; herein defined as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or other non-heterosexual orientations, non-cisgender identities, gender expressions and/or reproductive development considered beyond cultural, societal or physiological norms. Nurse education has a significant role in promoting cultural competence among future health professionals. OBJECTIVES To explore the experiences and views regarding education about forced migrants with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and gender expressions, among students and lecturers in nurse education. DESIGN Explorative qualitative study with focus group discussions. SETTINGS Swedish nursing programs. PARTICIPANTS Final-year nursing students and lecturers (n = 25 participants) at nursing programs were recruited with convenience and snowball sampling. METHODS Semi-structured digital focus group discussions (n = 9) were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed with inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Promoting a broader understanding regarding societal structures and preparing students to provide culturally sensitive care were considered as essential components in nurse education. Challenges and problems involved a need for increased awareness, the associated topics and target populations seldom being addressed, and a need for improvements within clinical placements. Participants suggested the utilization of external resources, presented a range of different specific learning activities that would promote in-depth understanding, and articulated a need for overarching decisions and guidelines regarding mandatory inclusion in nurse education. CONCLUSIONS Students and lecturers describe several challenges and problems that need to be addressed in regard to forced migration, sexual health, and inclusion health. There seems to be a need for utilization of external competence in learning activities as well as establishing clearer guidelines, which may increase the quality of education and better prepare future nurses to support patients with diverse backgrounds and identities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gottvall
- The Swedish Red Cross University, Huddinge, Sweden; The Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Eldebo
- The Swedish Red Cross University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Elisabet Mattsson
- The Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Department of Health Care Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Jirwe
- The Swedish Red Cross University, Huddinge, Sweden; The Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tommy Carlsson
- The Swedish Red Cross University, Huddinge, Sweden; The Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pakhomova TE, Nicholson V, Fischer M, Ferguson J, Moore DM, Salters K, Lester RT, Kremer H, Dawydiuk N, Barrios R, Parashar S. Exploring Primary Healthcare Experiences and Interest in Mobile Technology Engagement Amongst an Urban Population Experiencing Barriers to Care. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2023:10497323231167829. [PMID: 37225177 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231167829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone-based engagement approaches provide potential platforms for improving access to primary healthcare (PHC) services for underserved populations. We held two focus groups (February 2020) with residents (n = 25) from a low-income urban neighbourhood (downtown Vancouver, Canada), to assess recent healthcare experiences and elicit interest in mobile phone-based healthcare engagement for underserved residents. Note-based analysis, guided by interpretative description, was used to explore emerging themes. Engagement in PHC was complicated by multiple, intersecting personal-level and socio-structural factors, and experiences of stigma and discrimination from care providers. Perceived inadequacy of PHC services and pervasive discrimination reported by participants indicate a significant and ongoing need to improve client-provider relationships to address unmet health needs. Mobile phone-based engagement was endorsed, highlighting phone ownership and client-provider text-messaging, facilitated by non-clinical staff such as peers, as helpful to strengthening retention and facilitating care team connection. Concerns raised included reliability, cost, and technology and language accessibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Pakhomova
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valerie Nicholson
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew Fischer
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanna Ferguson
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David M Moore
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Salters
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Richard T Lester
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Hayden Kremer
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole Dawydiuk
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rolando Barrios
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Surita Parashar
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Crooks J, Flemming K, Shulman C, Hudson B. Opportunities and challenges in involving people with lived experience of inclusion health as co-researchers in palliative and end of life research: a rapid review and thematic synthesis. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 37081580 PMCID: PMC10116696 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-research is a collaborative approach to research, promoting involvement of individuals with lived experience of a research area as experts by experience. Recently, the importance of co-research within palliative and end of life care (PEoLC) has been highlighted, yet few recommendations exist regarding best practice for involving inclusion health groups (i.e., groups that are socially excluded, typically experiencing multiple disadvantages that contribute to poor health outcomes). AIMS To identify and synthesise qualitative literature outlining barriers and facilitators for involving four inclusion health groups (individuals with lived experience of: homelessness, substance use disorder, incarceration or exchanging sex for money) in PEoLC research, from the perspectives of both the researchers and individuals with lived experience. METHODS This report is a rapid review with thematic synthesis methodology. Three electronic databases were searched (2012-30th August 2022). Thematic synthesis was used to generate themes across qualitative studies. RESULTS Three qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion. Two involved individuals with lived experience of incarceration, and one lived experience of homelessness. No papers outlined best-practice guidance for co-research; all offered reflections on the co-research process. Challenges for involvement included: facilitating appropriate reimbursement; overcoming stigma; fear of tokenism; pre-conceived views and the emotional burden of research. Successes and benefits included: advanced level of insight, a two-way learning opportunity and relatability of lived experience co-researchers. CONCLUSIONS This review did not identify any best-practice guidance for co-production of PEoLC research with inclusion health groups. There are few, good quality, qualitative studies offering insight into challenges and facilitators for lived experience co-researcher involvement. Further research and formal policy development is required to produce formal best-practice guidance to support safe, impactful inclusion in PEoLC research. It is important that researchers work together with people who have lived experience of the topic they are researching. Palliative care is specialised medical care for people living with a terminal illness. There is some collaboration between researchers and people with lived experience in palliative and end-of-life care research. However, some groups of people have been excluded. This includes people experiencing homelessness, or people with drug or alcohol addictions. This review aimed to understand what works and what doesn't work when involving four excluded groups in palliative and end-of-life research. These groups were people experiencing homelessness, those who had spent time in prison, people with drug or alcohol disorders, and people who exchanged sex for money. This review used a shortened methodology, which allowed it to be done quickly. Three online academic databases (Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO) were searched for research projects: three papers were included in the review. No clear guidance for working with these groups was found. Analysis identified themes across papers. Challenges for collaboration included: appropriate payment methods; overcoming stigma; fear of being talked down to,; assumptions made before meeting people, and the potential of becoming upset. Successes and benefits included: better understanding of the research topic, the opportunity to learn from one another, and how research participants could relate to lived experience co-researchers. There are few, good quality papers, but more research is needed to produce guidance to support safe, impactful collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Flemming
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Caroline Shulman
- Pathway, London, UK
- Healthy London Partnership, London, UK
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Briony Hudson
- Research and Policy, Marie Curie, London, UK
- Pathway, London, UK
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lubeck-Schricker M, Patil-Deshmukh A, Murthy SL, Chaubey MD, Boomkar B, Shaikh N, Shitole T, Eliasziw M, Subbaraman R. Divided infrastructure: legal exclusion and water inequality in an urban slum in Mumbai, India. ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION 2023; 35:178-198. [PMID: 37275771 PMCID: PMC10237587 DOI: 10.1177/09562478221121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate water access is central to the experience of urban inequality across low- and middle-income countries and leads to adverse health and social outcomes. Previous literature on water inequality in Mumbai, India's second largest city, offers diverse explanations for water disparities between and within slums.(1) This study provides new insights on water disparities in Mumbai's slums by evaluating the influence of legal status on water access. We analyzed data from 593 households in Mandala, a slum with legally recognized (notified) and unrecognized (non-notified) neighborhoods. Relative to households in a notified neighborhood, households in a non-notified neighborhood suffered disadvantages in water infrastructure, accessibility, reliability, and spending. Non-notified households used significantly fewer liters per capita per day of water, even after controlling for religion and socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that legal exclusion may be a central driver of water inequality. Extending legal recognition to excluded slum settlements, neighborhoods, and households could be a powerful intervention for reducing urban water inequality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Lubeck-Schricker
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Misha Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at the Tufts University School of Medicine
| | - Ramnath Subbaraman
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine and Associate Director of the Tufts Center for Global Public Health at the Tufts University School of Medicine. He is also an Attending Physician in the Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA. He is also a research advisor for PUKAR
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nambiar D, Mathew B, Dubey S, Moola S. Interventions addressing maternal and child health among the urban poor and homeless: an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:492. [PMID: 36918855 PMCID: PMC10015840 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequalities in access to and utilization of maternal and child health (MCH) care are hampering progress on the path to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In a number of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) population subgroups at disproportionate risk of being left behind are the urban poor. Within this neglected group is the further neglected group of the homeless. Concomitantly, a number of interventions from the antenatal period onward have been piloted, tested, and scaled in these contexts. We carried out an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) to characterize the evidence around maternal and child health interventions relevant to urban poor homeless populations in LMICs. METHODS We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Health Systems Evidence and EBSCOhost databases for SRs published between January 2009 and 2020 (with an updated search through November 2021). Our population of interest was women or children from urban poor settings in LMICs; interventions and outcomes corresponded with the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidance document. Each SR was assessed by two reviewers using established standard critical appraisal checklists. The overview was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021229107). RESULTS In a sample of 33 high quality SRs, we found no direct relevant evidence for pregnant and lactating homeless women (and children) in the reviewed literature. There was a lack of emphasis on evidence related to family planning, safe abortion care, and postpartum care of mothers. There was mixed quality evidence that the range of nutritional interventions had little, unclear or no effect on several child mortality and development outcomes. Interventions related to water, sanitation, and hygiene, ensuring acceptability of community health services and health promotion type programs could be regarded as beneficial, although location seemed to matter. Importantly, the risk of bias reporting in different reviews did not match, suggesting that greater attention to rigour in their conduct is needed. CONCLUSION The generalizability of existing systematic reviews to our population of interest was poor. There is a clear need for rigorous primary research on MCH interventions among urban poor, and particularly homeless populations in LMICs, as it is as yet unclear whether the same, augmented, or altogether different interventions would be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devaki Nambiar
- The George Institute for Global Health, 308 Elegance Tower, Jasola District Centre, 110025, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Shubhankar Dubey
- Indian Council of Medical Research- Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Marjadi B, Flavel J, Baker K, Glenister K, Morns M, Triantafyllou M, Strauss P, Wolff B, Procter AM, Mengesha Z, Walsberger S, Qiao X, Gardiner PA. Twelve Tips for Inclusive Practice in Healthcare Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4657. [PMID: 36901666 PMCID: PMC10002390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper outlines practical tips for inclusive healthcare practice and service delivery, covering diversity aspects and intersectionality. A team with wide-ranging lived experiences from a national public health association's diversity, equity, and inclusion group compiled the tips, which were reiteratively discussed and refined. The final twelve tips were selected for practical and broad applicability. The twelve chosen tips are: (a) beware of assumptions and stereotypes, (b) replace labels with appropriate terminology, (c) use inclusive language, (d) ensure inclusivity in physical space, (e) use inclusive signage, (f) ensure appropriate communication methods, (g) adopt a strength-based approach, (h) ensure inclusivity in research, (i) expand the scope of inclusive healthcare delivery, (j) advocate for inclusivity, (k) self-educate on diversity in all its forms, and (l) build individual and institutional commitments. The twelve tips are applicable across many aspects of diversity, providing a practical guide for all healthcare workers (HCWs) and students to improve practices. These tips guide healthcare facilities and HCWs in improving patient-centered care, especially for those who are often overlooked in mainstream service provision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brahmaputra Marjadi
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Joanne Flavel
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- Stretton Health Equity, Stretton Institute, School of Social Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kirsten Baker
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Consortium in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kristen Glenister
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Melbourne, Wangaratta, VIC 3677, Australia
| | - Melissa Morns
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mel Triantafyllou
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Penelope Strauss
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brittany Wolff
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alexandra Marie Procter
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Zelalem Mengesha
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia
| | - Scott Walsberger
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- ACON, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xiaoxi Qiao
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Paul A. Gardiner
- Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Special Interest Group, Public Health Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT 2600, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Paradis-Gagné E, Jacques MC, Pariseau-Legault P, Ben Ahmed HE, Stroe IR. The perspectives of homeless people using the services of a mobile health clinic in relation to their health needs: a qualitative study on community-based outreach nursing. J Res Nurs 2023; 28:154-167. [PMID: 37128359 PMCID: PMC10141280 DOI: 10.1177/17449871231159595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Significant social and health issues are associated with homelessness. Negative experiences with the healthcare system are also frequent and cause people experiencing homelessness to avoid health services. Aims The purpose of this study was to (1) explore participants' health needs concerning outreach nursing services and (2) describe the perceptions and preferences of people who access this form of community-based intervention. Methods We conducted a critical ethnography with semi-structured interviews of 12 people experiencing homelessness who receive the services of a nurse-led mobile clinic, and 60 hours of observation during the provision of these services. Results Our results describe the perspectives of people experiencing homelessness in three main categories: (1) worrisome health and social needs, (2) non-use of healthcare and (3) what connects us to health services. Conclusions Timely access to healthcare is an important issue for people experiencing homelessness. Nurse-led clinics meet needs that go far beyond health issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Paradis-Gagné
- Etienne Paradis-Gagné, Faculty of Nursing,
Université de Montréal, 2375, chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal
(Québec), H3T 1A8, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Jacques
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine,
School of Nursing, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Pierre Pariseau-Legault
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing,
Université du Québec en Outaouais, Quebec, Canada
| | - Houssem Eddine Ben Ahmed
- Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Sociological and
Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Singh S, Fitzpatrick S, Lakshminarayanan M, Saran A, Wood J, Yang T, White H. PROTOCOL: An evidence and gap map of studies of implementation issues for interventions for those affected by and at risk of homelessness in high-income countries. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2023; 19:e1305. [PMID: 36911861 PMCID: PMC9942265 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The proposed evidence and gap map will present relevant process evaluations and other studies of barriers and facilitators, both qualitative and quantitative, for eligible homelessness interventions to highlight the issues arising in the implementation of these interventions. Specifically, the objectives of the map are to: (i) develop a clear taxonomy of interventions and implementation issues (e.g., barriers and facilitators-factors which works as barriers to hinder successful implementation of policies and programmes and factors which facilitate the intervention and therefore support its implementation) related to homelessness in high-income countries; (ii) map available systematic reviews and primary studies of the implementation issues of interventions for those experiencing homelessness and those at risk of homelessness, with an overview provided in a summary report; (iii) provide a searchable database of included studies accessible to research users via CHI website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Singh
- Campbell South AsiaGlobal Development NetworkNew DelhiIndia
| | - Suzanne Fitzpatrick
- Institute for Social Policy, Housing and Equalities Research (I‐SPHERE)Heriott‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | | | - Ashrita Saran
- Campbell South AsiaGlobal Development NetworkNew DelhiIndia
| | - Jenny Wood
- Institute for Social Policy, Housing and Equalities Research (I‐SPHERE)Heriott‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kopanitsa V, McWilliams S, Leung R, Schischa B, Sarela S, Perelmuter S, Sheeran E, d'Algue LM, Tan GC, Rosenthal DM. A systematic scoping review of primary health care service outreach for homeless populations. Fam Pract 2023; 40:138-151. [PMID: 35809035 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeless populations (HPs) have difficulties obtaining necessary medical care, and primary health care service outreach (PHSO) might be useful to bridge this gap. OBJECTIVE Using the Centre for Evidence-Based Management Critically Appraised Topics framework, to provide systematic evidence of the usefulness of PHSO interventions for HPs. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in 4 electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane (publication dates between January 1980 and November 2020). In total, 2,872 articles were identified. Primary research about PHSO for HPs in high-income countries were included. Data were extracted from eligible studies, summarized, and collated into a narrative account. RESULTS Twenty-four studies that described and evaluated PHSO interventions for adults experiencing homelessness were selected in the final synthesis. Most studies had a nonrandomized design. PHSO was found to successfully address some barriers to health care access for HPs through flexible appointments in convenient locations, fostering an understanding relationship between doctor and patients, and provision of additional basic necessities and referrals. Outreach was provided for a range of health care concerns, and several solutions to engage more HPs in primary care, improve continuity of care and to decrease the running costs were identified. Outreach also helped to implement preventative measures and reduced emergency service admissions. CONCLUSION Our review adds to the evidence that PHSO likely improves health care access for HPs. Further studies over longer time periods, involving collaborations with experts with lived experience of homelessness, and utilizing randomized study designs are needed to test outreach efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kopanitsa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Stephen McWilliams
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Richard Leung
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Shazia Sarela
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Sara Perelmuter
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Sheeran
- Health Humanities Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Guan Chwen Tan
- Arts and Sciences Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Margot Rosenthal
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Martyn E, Eisen S, Longley N, Harris P, Surey J, Norman J, Brown M, Sultan B, Maponga TG, Iwuji C, Flanagan S, Ghosh I, Story A, Matthews PC. The forgotten people: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a priority for the inclusion health agenda. eLife 2023; 12:e81070. [PMID: 36757862 PMCID: PMC9910830 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a significant global health threat, accounting for 300 million chronic infections and up to 1 million deaths each year. HBV disproportionately affects people who are under-served by health systems due to social exclusion, and can further amplify inequities through its impact on physical and mental health, relationship with stigma and discrimination, and economic costs. The 'inclusion health' agenda focuses on excluded and vulnerable populations, who often experience barriers to accessing healthcare, and are under-represented by research, resources, interventions, advocacy, and policy. In this article, we assimilate evidence to establish HBV on the inclusion health agenda, and consider how this view can inform provision of better approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We suggest approaches to redress the unmet need for HBV interventions among excluded populations as an imperative to progress the global goal for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Martyn
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Eisen
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicky Longley
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Philippa Harris
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julian Surey
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Global Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de CantoblancoMadridSpain
| | - James Norman
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Brown
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Binta Sultan
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tongai G Maponga
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesTygerbergSouth Africa
| | - Collins Iwuji
- Department of Global Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
- Africa Health Research InstituteDurban, KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa
| | - Stuart Flanagan
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alistair Story
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Faulks D. Oral health inequalities and disability: Closing the gap. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023. [PMID: 36732929 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The social determinants of health impact disproportionately on disabled people creating a cumulative risk of unequal oral health outcomes, compounded by impairment. Problems in early life, education and employment, poor social status and support, social exclusion, poverty and stress characterize the life course of many disabled people. Ableism and exclusion combine to ensure that disabled voices are rarely heard, ignorance and indifference lead to prejudice in policy-making and enforcement and negative media attitudes fuelled by political austerity lead to stigmatization. Yet, the health disparities experienced by disabled people are still perceived as being uniquely caused by a medical condition or impaired body function, excluding disabled people from the inequalities discourse. In parallel, the influence of medical conditions within other marginalized groups are minimized (e.g. mental health), leading to the underestimation of the impact of disability on oral health generally. The common ground between all groups subject to oral health inequalities can be conceptualized using the WHO International Classification of Functioning. Outcomes for all might be improved by emphasizing this common ground; by considering disability as a primary variable, such as gender or age; by identifying disabled people within existing inequalities research; and by explicitly including disabled people in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Faulks
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Johnson L, Potter LC, Beeching H, Bradbury M, Matos B, Sumner G, Wills L, Worthing K, Aldridge RW, Feder G, Hayward AC, Pathak N, Platt L, Story A, Sultan B, Luchenski SA. Interventions to improve health and the determinants of health among sex workers in high-income countries: a systematic review. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e141-e154. [PMID: 36334613 PMCID: PMC10564624 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Many sex worker populations face high morbidity and mortality, but data are scarce on interventions to improve their health. We did a systematic review of health and social interventions to improve the health and wider determinants of health among adult sex workers in high-income countries. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EthOS, OpenGrey, and Social Care Online, as well as the Global Network of Sex Work Projects and the Sex Work Research Hub for studies published between Jan 1, 2005 and Dec 16, 2021 (PROSPERO CRD42019158674). Quantitative studies reporting disaggregated data for sex workers were included and no comparators were specified. We assessed rigour using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. We summarised studies using vote counting and a narrative synthesis. 20 studies were included. Most reported findings exclusively for female sex workers (n=17) and street-based sex workers (n=11). Intervention components were divided into education and empowerment (n=14), drug treatment (n=4), sexual and reproductive health care (n=7), other health care (n=5), and welfare (n=5). Interventions affected a range of mental health, physical health, and health behaviour outcomes. Multicomponent interventions and interventions that were focused on education and empowerment were of benefit. Interventions that used peer design and peer delivery were effective. An outreach or drop-in component might be beneficial in some contexts. Sex workers who were new to working in an area faced greater challenges accessing services. Data were scarce for male, transgender, and indoor-based sex workers. Co-designed and co-delivered interventions that are either multicomponent or focus on education and empowerment are likely to be effective. Policy makers and health-care providers should improve access to services for all genders of sex workers and those new to an area. Future research should develop interventions for a greater diversity of sex worker populations and for wider health and social needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Johnson
- Department of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Lucy C Potter
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Molly Bradbury
- Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bella Matos
- Department of Psychology, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Grace Sumner
- Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lorna Wills
- Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kitty Worthing
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Robert W Aldridge
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gene Feder
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew C Hayward
- Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neha Pathak
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucy Platt
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Al Story
- Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Find & Treat, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Binta Sultan
- Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Find & Treat, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Serena A Luchenski
- Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|