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Ouahed JD. Understanding inborn errors of immunity: A lens into the pathophysiology of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026511. [PMID: 36248828 PMCID: PMC9556666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease-undefined (IBD-U). IBD are understood to be multifactorial, involving genetic, immune, microbial and environmental factors. Advances in next generation sequencing facilitated the growing identification of over 80 monogenic causes of IBD, many of which overlap with Inborn errors of immunity (IEI); Approximately a third of currently identified IEI result in gastrointestinal manifestations, many of which are inflammatory in nature, such as IBD. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract represents an opportune system to study IEI as it consists of the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body and employs a thin layer of intestinal epithelial cells as the critical barrier between the intestinal lumen and the host. In this mini-review, a selection of pertinent IEI resulting in monogenic IBD is described involving disorders in the intestinal epithelial barrier, phagocytosis, T and B cell defects, as well as those impairing central and peripheral tolerance. The contribution of disrupted gut-microbiota-host interactions in disturbing intestinal homeostasis among patients with intestinal disease is also discussed. The molecular mechanisms driving pathogenesis are reviewed along with the personalized therapeutic interventions and investigational avenues this growing knowledge has enabled.
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LaBere B, Gutierrez MJ, Wright H, Garabedian E, Ochs HD, Fuleihan RL, Secord E, Marsh R, Sullivan KE, Cunningham-Rundles C, Notarangelo LD, Chen K. Chronic Granulomatous Disease With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes From the USIDNET Registry. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1325-1333.e5. [PMID: 35033700 PMCID: PMC9086117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity caused by defects in the phagocytic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex, leading to increased susceptibility to infection and inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Up to 50% of patients have gastrointestinal (GI) involvement and meet diagnostic criteria for inflammatory bowel disease (CGD-IBD). OBJECTIVE We analyzed patients with CGD from the US Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) registry to determine whether IBD changes the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of patients with CGD. METHODS A retrospective evaluation of CGD cases from the USIDNET registry was completed. CGD-IBD was defined as the presence of any major physician-reported inflammatory, noninfectious GI disease manifestation. Demographic information, conditions, infections, antimicrobial therapies, immunomodulator use, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation data were analyzed. RESULTS Of 194 patients with a diagnosis of CGD, 96 met criteria for IBD and 98 were categorized in the non-IBD group. Patients with CGD-IBD had an increased rate of infection compared with the non-IBD group (0.66 vs 0.36 infections/patient/year). Enteric organism infections were more common in patients with IBD. Immunomodulators were used at a significantly higher percentage in patients with IBD compared with patients without IBD (80% vs 56%, P < .001). Of the entire CGD cohort, 17 patients died (8.8%), with no significant difference between patients with IBD and patients without IBD (P = 1.00). CONCLUSION Infectious events, enteric organism infections, and use of immunomodulatory drugs were higher in patients with IBD than patients without IBD; however, mortality was not increased. Patients with CGD and concurrent IBD are at increased risk for disease complications, supporting the importance of early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna LaBere
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Elizabeth Garabedian
- National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Ramsay L Fuleihan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian and Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Secord
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Wayne Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Mich
| | - Rebecca Marsh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, and Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Karin Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash.
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3
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Rappl P, Brüne B, Schmid T. Role of Tristetraprolin in the Resolution of Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010066. [PMID: 33477783 PMCID: PMC7832405 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic inflammatory diseases account for up to 60% of deaths worldwide and, thus, are considered a great threat for human health by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, acute inflammatory reactions are an integral part of the host defense against invading pathogens or injuries. To avoid excessive damage due to the persistence of a highly reactive environment, inflammations need to resolve in a coordinate and timely manner, ensuring for the immunological normalization of the affected tissues. Since post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are essential for effective resolution, the present review discusses the key role of the RNA-binding and post-transcriptional regulatory protein tristetraprolin in establishing resolution of inflammation. Abstract Inflammation is a crucial part of immune responses towards invading pathogens or tissue damage. While inflammatory reactions are aimed at removing the triggering stimulus, it is important that these processes are terminated in a coordinate manner to prevent excessive tissue damage due to the highly reactive inflammatory environment. Initiation of inflammatory responses was proposed to be regulated predominantly at a transcriptional level, whereas post-transcriptional modes of regulation appear to be crucial for resolution of inflammation. The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) interacts with AU-rich elements in the 3′ untranslated region of mRNAs, recruits deadenylase complexes and thereby facilitates degradation of its targets. As TTP regulates the mRNA stability of numerous inflammatory mediators, it was put forward as a crucial post-transcriptional regulator of inflammation. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the function of TTP with a specific focus on its role in adding to resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rappl
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Tauber S, Christoffel S, Thiel CS, Ullrich O. Transcriptional Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress-Related Pathways in Altered Gravity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2814. [PMID: 30231541 PMCID: PMC6164947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereby several types of cultured cells are sensitive to gravity, the immune system belongs to the most affected systems during spaceflight. Since reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are serving as signals of cellular homeostasis, particularly in the cells of the immune system, we investigated the immediate effect of altered gravity on the transcription of 86 genes involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism, antioxidative systems, and cellular response to oxidative stress, using parabolic flight and suborbital ballistic rocket experiments and microarray analysis. In human myelomonocytic U937 cells, we detected a rapid response of 19.8% of all of the investigated oxidative stress-related transcripts to 1.8 g of hypergravity and 1.1% to microgravity as early as after 20 s. Nearly all (97.2%) of the initially altered transcripts adapted after 75 s of hypergravity (max. 13.5 g), and 100% adapted after 5 min of microgravity. After the almost complete adaptation of initially altered transcripts, a significant second pool of differentially expressed transcripts appeared. In contrast, we detected nearly no response of oxidative stress-related transcripts in human Jurkat T cells to altered gravity. In conclusion, we assume a very well-regulated homeostasis and transcriptional stability of oxidative stress-related pathways in altered gravity in cells of the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svantje Tauber
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Space Life Sciences Laboratory (SLSL), Kennedy Space Center, 505 Odyssey Way, Exploration Park, FL 32953, USA.
| | - Swantje Christoffel
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Cora Sandra Thiel
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Space Life Sciences Laboratory (SLSL), Kennedy Space Center, 505 Odyssey Way, Exploration Park, FL 32953, USA.
| | - Oliver Ullrich
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Space Life Sciences Laboratory (SLSL), Kennedy Space Center, 505 Odyssey Way, Exploration Park, FL 32953, USA.
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Newson J, Motwani MP, Kendall AC, Nicolaou A, Muccioli GG, Alhouayek M, Bennett M, Van De Merwe R, James S, De Maeyer RPH, Gilroy DW. Inflammatory Resolution Triggers a Prolonged Phase of Immune Suppression through COX-1/mPGES-1-Derived Prostaglandin E 2. Cell Rep 2018; 20:3162-3175. [PMID: 28954232 PMCID: PMC5639146 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is characterized by granulocyte infiltration followed by efferocytosing mononuclear phagocytes, which pave the way for inflammatory resolution. Until now, it was believed that resolution then leads back to homeostasis, the physiological state tissues experience before inflammation occurred. However, we discovered that resolution triggered a prolonged phase of immune suppression mediated by prostanoids. Specifically, once inflammation was switched off, natural killer cells, secreting interferon γ (IFNγ), infiltrated the post-inflamed site. IFNγ upregulated microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) alongside cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1) within macrophage populations, resulting in sustained prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis. Whereas PGE2 suppressed local innate immunity to bacterial infection, it also inhibited lymphocyte function and generated myeloid-derived suppressor cells, the net effect of which was impaired uptake/presentation of exogenous antigens. Therefore, we have defined a sequence of post-resolution events that dampens the propensity to develop autoimmune responses to endogenous antigens at the cost of local tissue infection. Inflammatory resolution triggers T/NK cell infiltration, which synthesizes IFNγ Through IP-10, IFNγ indirectly triggers monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration Macrophages are directly acted upon by IFNγ to make abundant PGE2 PGE2 exerts a phase of post-inflammation immune suppression and tolerance
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Newson
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Madhur P Motwani
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 72 (B1.72.01), 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 72 (B1.72.01), 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Melanie Bennett
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Rachel Van De Merwe
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Sarah James
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Roel P H De Maeyer
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
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Motwani MP, Colas RA, George MJ, Flint JD, Dalli J, Richard-Loendt A, De Maeyer RP, Serhan CN, Gilroy DW. Pro-resolving mediators promote resolution in a human skin model of UV-killed Escherichia coli-driven acute inflammation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:94463. [PMID: 29563331 PMCID: PMC5926908 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the treatment of inflammatory disorders is generally based on inhibiting factors that drive onset of inflammation, these therapies can compromise healing (NSAIDs) or dampen immunity against infections (biologics). In search of new antiinflammatories, efforts have focused on harnessing endogenous pathways that drive resolution of inflammation for therapeutic gain. Identification of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins) as effector molecules of resolution has shown promise in this regard. However, their action on inflammatory resolution in humans is unknown. Here, we demonstrate using a model of UV-killed Escherichia coli–triggered skin inflammation that SPMs are biosynthesized at the local site at the start of resolution, coinciding with the expression of receptors that transduce their actions. These include receptors for lipoxin A4 (ALX/FPR2), resolvin E1 (ChemR23), resolvin D2 (GPR18), and resolvin D1 (GPR32) that were differentially expressed on the endothelium and infiltrating leukocytes. Administering SPMs into the inflamed site 4 hours after bacterial injection caused a reduction in PMN numbers over the ensuing 6 hours, the phase of active resolution in this model. These results indicate that in humans, the appearance of SPMs and their receptors is associated with the beginning of inflammatory resolution and that their therapeutic supplementation enhanced the resolution response. In humans, the appearance of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and their receptors is associated with the start of inflammatory resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur P Motwani
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romain A Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J George
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia D Flint
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Richard-Loendt
- Division of Neuropathology and, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roel Ph De Maeyer
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Motwani MP, Bennett F, Norris PC, Maini AA, George MJ, Newson J, Henderson A, Hobbs AJ, Tepper M, White B, Serhan CN, MacAllister R, Gilroy DW. Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Effects of Anabasum in a Human Model of Self-Resolving Acute Inflammation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:675-686. [PMID: 29238967 PMCID: PMC6175297 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anabasum is a synthetic analog of Δ8‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)‐11‐oic acid that in preclinical models of experimental inflammation exerts potent anti‐inflammatory actions with minimal central nervous system (CNS) cannabimimetic activity. Here we used a novel model of acute inflammation driven by i.d. UV‐killed E. coli in healthy humans and found that anabasum (5 mg) exerted a potent anti‐inflammatory effect equivalent to that of prednisolone in terms of inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, the hallmark of acute inflammation. These effects arose from the inhibition of the neutrophil chemoattractant LTB4, while the inhibition of antiphagocytic prostanoids (PGE2, TxB2, and PGF2α) resulted in enhanced clearance of inflammatory stimulus from the injected site. Anabasum at the higher dose of 20 mg possessed the additional properties of triggering the biosynthesis of specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators including LXA4, LXB4, RvD1, and RvD3. Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time a striking anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolution effects of a synthetic analog of THC in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur P Motwani
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Frances Bennett
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul C Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander A Maini
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marc J George
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justine Newson
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Henderson
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Heart Centre, Barts & the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark Tepper
- Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Norwood, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond MacAllister
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Sorce S, Stocker R, Seredenina T, Holmdahl R, Aguzzi A, Chio A, Depaulis A, Heitz F, Olofsson P, Olsson T, Duveau V, Sanoudou D, Skosgater S, Vlahou A, Wasquel D, Krause KH, Jaquet V. NADPH oxidases as drug targets and biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: What is the evidence? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:387-396. [PMID: 28811143 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease are frequently characterized by microglia activation and/or leukocyte infiltration in the parenchyma of the central nervous system and at the molecular level by increased oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) emerged as a novel promising class of pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to their role in oxidant generation and presumably in regulating microglia activation. The unique function of NOX is the generation of superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However in the context of neuroinflammation, they present paradoxical features since O2•-/H2O2 generated by NOX and/or secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from O2•-/H2O2 can either lead to neuronal oxidative damage or resolution of inflammation. The role of NOX enzymes has been investigated in many models of neurodegenerative diseases by using either genetic or pharmacological approaches. In the present review we provide a critical assessment of recent findings related to the role of NOX in the CNS as well as how the field has advanced over the last 5 years. In particular, we focus on the data derived from the work of a consortium (Neurinox) funded by the European Commission's Programme 7 (FP7). We discuss the evidence gathered from animal models and human samples linking NOX expression/activity with neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as well as autoimmune demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We address the possibility to use measurement of the activity of the NOX2 isoform in blood samples as biomarker of disease severity and treatment efficacy in neurodegenerative disease. Finally we clarify key controversial aspects in the field of NOX, such as NOX cellular expression in the brain, measurement of NOX activity, impact of genetic deletion of NOX in animal models of neurodegeneration and specificity of NOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sorce
- Neuropathology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Neuropathology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Chio
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm U1216 and Univ, Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Peter Olofsson
- Redoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden; Pronoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | | | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sara Skosgater
- Arttic, 58A rue du Dessous des Berges, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Motwani MP, Newson J, Kwong S, Richard-Loendt A, Colas R, Dalli J, Gilroy DW. Prolonged immune alteration following resolution of acute inflammation in humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186964. [PMID: 29073216 PMCID: PMC5658111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is an immediate response to infection and injury characterised by the influx of granulocytes followed by phagocytosing mononuclear phagocytes. Provided the antigen is cleared and the immune system of the host is fully functional, the acute inflammatory response will resolve. Until now it is considered that resolution then leads back to homeostasis, the physiological state tissues experienced before inflammation occurred. Using a human model of acute inflammation driven by intradermal UV killed Escherichia coli, we found that bacteria and granulocyte clearance as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine catabolism occurred by 72h. However, following a lag phase of about 4 days there was an increase in numbers of memory T cells and CD163+ macrophage at the post-resolution site up to day 17 as well as increased biosynthesis of cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids and DHA-derived D series resolvins. Inhibiting post-resolution prostanoids using naproxen showed that numbers of tissue memory CD4 cells were under the endogenous control of PGE2, which exerts its suppressive effects on T cell proliferation via the EP4 receptor. In addition, we re-challenged the post-resolution site with a second injection of E. coli, which when compared to saline controls resulted in primarily a macrophage-driven response with comparatively fewer PMNs; the macrophage-dominated response was reversed by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Re-challenge experiments were also carried out in mice where we obtained similar results as in humans. Therefore, we report that acute inflammatory responses in both humans and rodents do not revert back to homeostasis, but trigger a hitherto unappreciated sequence of immunological events that dictate subsequent immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur P. Motwani
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justine Newson
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kwong
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Richard-Loendt
- Division of Neuropathology and, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romain Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek W. Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Hill HR, Augustine NH, Pryor RJ, Reed GH, Bagnato JD, Tebo AE, Bender JM, Pasi BM, Chinen J, Hanson IC, de Boer M, Roos D, Wittwer CT. Rapid genetic analysis of x-linked chronic granulomatous disease by high-resolution melting. J Mol Diagn 2010; 12:368-76. [PMID: 20228266 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution melting analysis was applied to X-linked chronic granulomatous disease, a rare disorder resulting from mutations in CYBB. Melting curves of the 13 PCR products bracketing CYBB exons were predicted by Poland's algorithm and compared with observed curves from 96 normal individuals. Primer plates were prepared robotically in batches and dried, greatly simplifying the 3- to 6-hour workflow that included DNA isolation, PCR, melting, and cycle sequencing of any positive products. Small point mutations or insertions/deletions were detected by mixing the hemizygous male DNA with normal male DNA to produce artificial heterozygotes, whereas detection of gross deletions was performed on unmixed samples. Eighteen validation samples and 22 clinical kindreds were analyzed for CYBB mutations. All blinded validation samples were correctly identified. The clinical probands were identified after screening for neutrophil oxidase activity. Nineteen different mutations were found, including seven near intron-exon boundaries predicting splicing defects, five substitutions within exons, three small deletions predicting premature termination, and four gross deletions of multiple exons. Ten novel mutations were found, including (c.) two missense (730T>A, 134T>G), one nonsense (90C>A), four splice site defects (45 + 1G>T, 674 + 4A>G, 1461 + 2delT, and 1462-2A>C), two small deletions (636delT, 1661_1662delCT), and one gross deletion of exons 6 to 8. High-resolution melting can provide timely diagnosis at low cost for effective clinical management of rare, genetic primary immunodeficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Hill
- Department of Pathology, Pediatrics and Medicine, 5B114, University of Utah School of Medicine, 50 N. Medical Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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11
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Jones LBKR, McGrogan P, Flood TJ, Gennery AR, Morton L, Thrasher A, Goldblatt D, Parker L, Cant AJ. Special article: chronic granulomatous disease in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a comprehensive national patient-based registry. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:211-8. [PMID: 18410635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no epidemiological studies from the British Isles of chronic granulomatous disease, characterized by recurrent, life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and inflammatory sequelae. Patients were enrolled in a national registry and medical records were analysed. Of 94 subjects, 69 had X-linked disease, 16 had autosomal recessive disease and nine were unknown. Prevalence was 7.5/million for 1990-99 and 8.5/million for 1980-89. Suppurative adenitis, abscesses and pneumonia presented commonly. Twenty-three of 30 patients who underwent high resolution computerized tomography had chronic respiratory disease. Inflammatory sequelae included bowel stricture and urogenital tract granulomata. Growth failure was common; 75% of those measured were below the population mean. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics and 93% anti-fungal prophylaxis. Interferon gamma was used to treat infection, but rarely as prophylaxis. Despite prophylaxis, estimated survival was 88% at 10 years but 55% at age 30 years. Morbidity remains significant, severe infectious complications common. Curative treatments including stem cell transplantation should be considered for patients with frequent or serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B K R Jones
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Child Health, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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12
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Genetics and immunopathology of chronic granulomatous disease. Semin Immunopathol 2008; 30:209-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-008-0121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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14
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Bernas T, Dobrucki JW. Backscattered light confocal imaging of intracellular MTT-formazan crystals. Microsc Res Tech 2004; 64:126-34. [PMID: 15352083 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolically active animal and plant cells reduce MTT tetrazolium salt to a corresponding nonfluorescent formazan. Reduction of MTT by viable cells is exploited in a number of tests widely used in biological research. The aim of this study was to optimize a microscopy method of detecting small crystals of MTT-formazan formed in intact cells maintained in in vitro cultures. We examined scattering properties of small intracellular crystals of MTT formazan and found that the efficiency of light scattering was dependent on wavelength. Small (<3 microm) crystals of MTT-formazan, formed in viable cells, scattered red, but not blue, light. Large crystals, which are formed later at a stage when cells begin to lose viability, scattered both red and blue light. We conclude that optimal detection of early stages of crystallization of MTT-formazan in living cells is possible using confocal microscopy of red, but not blue, scattered light. High contrast and resolution of images can be achieved by filtering out interference effects in the frequency domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytus Bernas
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goldblatt
- Immunobiology Unit, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Trust, London, UK.
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16
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Thrasher AJ, Keep NH, Wientjes F, Segal AW. Chronic granulomatous disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1227:1-24. [PMID: 7918677 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(94)90100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Thrasher
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University College London, Medical School, UK
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17
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Bloomfield FJ, Young MM. Enhanced chemiluminescence production by phagocytosing neutrophils in psoriasis. Inflammation 1988; 12:153-9. [PMID: 3391684 DOI: 10.1007/bf00916398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using serum-coated zymosan, the generation of reactive oxidants by measurement of chemiluminescence was shown to be significantly enhanced in isolated peripheral psoriatic neutrophils compared to normal controls. This response was observed irrespective of whether zymosan was opsonized with fresh autologous or normal AB serum. However, this increased activity was reduced with zymosan was opsonized with serum that was preheated at 56 degrees C for 30 min. There was no statistical correlation of chemiluminescence activity with degranulation of beta-glucuronidase in either normal or psoriatic subjects. In addition, chemiluminescence produced by normal cells was significantly increased when zymosan was opsonized with psoriatic serum. The plasma membrane-bound enzyme, NAD(P)H oxidase, which produces superoxide in response to phagocytic stimulation, was significantly increased in psoriatic neutrophils compared to normal controls. These data add further evidence for activated neutrophils in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Bloomfield
- Department of Clinical Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Abstract
The formation of oxygen-derived free radicals by the phagocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and macrophages) is catalysed by a membrane-bound NADPH oxidase which is dormant in resting cells and becomes activated during phagocytosis or following interaction of the cells with suitable soluble stimulants. This enzyme is under investigation in many laboratories but its molecular structure remains to be clarified. Possible components such as flavoproteins, cytochrome b558, and quinones have been proposed on the basis of enzyme purification studies, effects of inhibitors, kinetic properties and analysis of genetic defects of the oxidase. An extensive discussion of the evidence for the participation of these constituents is reported. On the basis of the available information on the structure and the catalytic properties of the NADPH oxidase, a series of possible models of the electron-transport chain from NADPH to O2 is presented. Finally, the triggering mechanism of the respiratory burst is discussed, with particular reference to the stimulus-response coupling and the final modification(s) of the oxidase (phosphorylation, assembly, change of lipid environment, etc.) which are involved in its activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bellavite
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università di Verona, Italy
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19
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Ishii E, Irita K, Fujita I, Takeshige K, Kobayashi M, Usui T, Ueda K. Protein phosphorylation of neutrophils from normal children and patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Eur J Pediatr 1986; 145:22-6. [PMID: 3015627 DOI: 10.1007/bf00441847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins in neutrophils from normal children and patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) were studied with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, followed by densitometric scanning. In normal neutrophils the radioactivities of 11 spots among approximately 50 radioactive spots were changed by stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 6 of the 11 spots were also changed by stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and NaF. The phosphorylation of only two spots (Mr = 48 000 and 62 000) was inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulphonamide (W-7), which inhibits superoxide production, while it was not affected by dibutyryl cAMP, KCN and ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), which do not affect superoxide production. The observation indicates that the Mr = 48 000 and 62 000 proteins may be involved in the activation process of superoxide production. When the neutrophils of four male and two female CGD patients were examined, the changes in 11 spots on stimulation were similar to those of normal children, indicating that the (de)phosphorylation of the proteins which seems to be involved in the activation process is not affected in CGD neutrophils.
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20
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McPhail LC, Snyderman R. Mechanisms of regulating the respiratory burst in leukocytes. CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN IMMUNOBIOLOGY 1984; 14:247-81. [PMID: 6088173 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4862-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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22
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Borregaard N, Cross AR, Herlin T, Jones OT, Segal AW, Valerius NH. A variant form of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease with normal nitroblue tetrazolium slide test and cytochrome b. Eur J Clin Invest 1983; 13:243-8. [PMID: 6409648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease was diagnosed in a boy who suffered from severe generalized infections. Family investigations revealed the inheritance of the disease to be X-linked. However, unlike other cases of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease, the membrane oxidase of the neutrophils from this patient was not totally defective and sufficient activity was left to result in a normal phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium slide test. Also, unlike the usual findings in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease, cytochrome b was present in normal amounts in the neutrophils from this patient. The cytochrome was normal, judged from its midpoint potential of -245 mV and its ability to bind CO. It is thus apparent that X-linked chronic granulomatous disease may result from at least two different defects and that the phorbol myristate acetate stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium slide test fails to detect some cases.
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23
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Stroobant J, Harris MC, Cody CS, Polin RA, Douglas SD. Diminished bactericidal capacity for group B streptococci of neutrophils from children with chronic granulomatous disease. Infect Immun 1983; 39:966-9. [PMID: 6339394 PMCID: PMC348041 DOI: 10.1128/iai.39.2.966-969.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The bactericidal capacity of neutrophils from healthy adults, male children with chronic granulomatous disease, and obligate heterozygote mothers for type Ic group B streptococci was assessed, using a fluorochrome microassay. Neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease had impaired bactericidal capacity for group B streptococci when compared with adults (P less than 0.01). Carriers demonstrated intermediate killing capacity.
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24
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25
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Ramasarma T, Swaroop A, MacKellar W, Crane FL. Generation of hydrogen peroxide on oxidation of NADH by hepatic plasma membranes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1981; 13:241-53. [PMID: 7334020 DOI: 10.1007/bf00743203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of NADH by mouse liver plasma membranes was shown to be accompanied by the formation of H2O2. The rate of H2O2 formation was less than one-tenth the rate of oxygen uptake and much slower than the rate of reduction of artificial electron acceptors. The optimum pH for this reaction was 7.0 and the Km value for NADH was found to be 3 X 10(-6) M. The H2O2-generating system of plasma membranes was inhibited by quinacrine and azide, thus distinguishing it from similar activities in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Both NADH and NADPH served as substrates for plasma membrane H2O2 generation. Superoxide dismutase and adriamycin inhibited the reaction. Vanadate, known to stimulate the oxidation of NADH by plasma membranes, did not increase the formation of H2O2. In view of the growing evidence that H2O2 can be involved in metabolic control, the formation of H2O2 by a plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase system may be pertinent to control sites at the plasma membrane.
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26
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Moroff G, Kosow DP. Characterization of a membrane-associated NADH-dependent cytochrome C reductase of human platelets. Thromb Res 1981; 23:23-31. [PMID: 6272444 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(81)90234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Scully C. Orofacial manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1981; 51:148-51. [PMID: 6937837 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(81)90032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood is a rare partial defect of leukocyte microbicidal function. Four cases studied with particular regard to orofacial lesions are presented.
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28
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NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide production by phagocytic vesicles from guinea pig and human granulocytes. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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29
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Heyne K, Gahr M. Differentiation between glycogenosis types Ia and Ib by measurement of extra respiration during phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes? Eur J Pediatr 1980; 133:69. [PMID: 6928122 DOI: 10.1007/bf00444759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Chronic granulomatous disease and HLA recombinant gene in a family. Ir J Med Sci 1979; 148:232-3. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02938088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Badwey JA, Curnutte JT, Karnovsky ML. The enzyme of granulocytes that produces superoxide and peroxide. An elusive Pimpernel. N Engl J Med 1979; 300:1157-60. [PMID: 219342 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197905173002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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33
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34
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Halliwell B, Rycker JD. SUPEROXIDE AND PEROXIDASE-CATALYSED REACTIONS. OXIDATION OF DIHYDROXYFUMARATE, NADH AND DITHIOTHREITOL BY HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE*. Photochem Photobiol 1978. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Ismail G, Boxer LA, Allen JM, Baehner RL. Improvement of polymorphonuclear leucocyte oxidative and bactericidal functions in chronic granulomatous disease with 4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulphone. Br J Haematol 1978; 40:219-29. [PMID: 708642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1978.tb03659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to restore oxidant-dependent capabilities to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), we studied a dapsone derivative, 4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulphone (DDS-NOH), known to generate H2O2. After incubation of CGD PMN with 0.2 and 1.0 mM DDS-NOH for 30 min, the rate of glucose-1-14C oxidation via hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt increased 2--4-fold and that of iodination of ingested zymosan particles 1.5--2.7-fold. Both effects could be further enhanced by superoxide dismutase (SOD) but inhibited by catalase. In three patients, 0.2 mM DDS-NOH improved in vitro killing of Staph. aureus. DDS-NOH 0.02 mM induced capping of Concanavalin A (Con A) receptor complexes suggesting interference by the drug with microtubule-associated function. Thus, optimal concentrations of DDS-NOH may be employed as an oxidant to improve metabolic and bactericidal functions of PMN from patients with CGD.
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36
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37
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38
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Abstract
Cells and tissues are protected against oxidising free radicals by a complexity of antioxidant mechanisms. In disease these mechanisms may fail; or the mechanisms may fail and cause disease. The primary products of free-radical oxidation undergo rapid and spontaneous fragmentation. Many of these fragments are highly active in biological systems. Some may have considerable survival value. Others are potentially lethal.
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39
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40
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Elgefors B, Olling S, Peterson H. Chronic granulomatous disease in three siblings. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1978; 10:79-85. [PMID: 635481 DOI: 10.3109/inf.1978.10.issue-1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A family of 7 persons is described in which one male and two female siblings have chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The CGD diagnosis was established by histories of recurring infections, typical histopathology, deficient nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and deficient neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus. Noteworthy infections were liver abscesses, pneumonia, pleurisy, lymphadenitis, skin pustules, urinary tract infection and dental abscesses. The affected boy was the most severely ill with liver abscesses. One sister also had liver abscesses with Staph. aureus and both were treated with cloxacillin in combination with fucidin and surgical intervention. A survey of the closest relatives with the NBT test disclosed no further cases. In this family in the heredity seems to be of the recessive type.
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41
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Auclair C, Torres M, Hakim J, Troube H. NADPH-oxidation activities in subcellular fractions isolated from resting or phagocytozing human polymorphonuclears. Am J Hematol 1978; 4:113-20. [PMID: 27984 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Using a fluorometric assay for the determination of oxidized pyridine nucleotides (NAD[P]+), total and cyanide-resistant NADPH-oxidative activities have been measured in subcellular fractions isolated from resting and phagocytosing human polymorphonuclears. Enzymatic activies responsible for the oxidation of the NADPH have been recovered in the heavy particles (15,000g/15 min), the low-density particles (100,000g/30 min), and the cytosolic fraction. Stimulation of the cells with opsonized zymosan had a different effect on the NADPH-oxidative activities of these subcellular fractions, which suggests the involvement of various types of enzymatic systems in the oxidation of NADPH. The cytosolic fraction interacted strongly with the enzymatic activities occurring in the sedimentable fractions and is therefore thought to play a central role in the regulation of the activation of the oxidative metabolism associated with phagocytosis.
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42
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Halliwell B. Lignin synthesis: The generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide by horseradish peroxidase and its stimulation by manganese (II) and phenols. PLANTA 1978; 140:81-88. [PMID: 24414365 DOI: 10.1007/bf00389384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/1977] [Accepted: 01/09/1978] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) catalyses oxidation of NADH. NADH oxidation is prevented by addition of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) to the reaction mixture before adding peroxidase but addition of dismutase after peroxidase has little inhibitory effect. Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) inhibits peroxidase-catalysed NADH oxidation when added at any time during the reaction. Apparently the peroxidase uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by non-enzymic breakdown of NADH to catalyse oxidation of NADH to a free-radical, NAD., which reduces oxygen to the superoxide free-radical ion, O2 (.-). Some of the O2 (.-) reacts with peroxidase to give peroxidase compound III, which is catalytically inactive in NADH oxidation. The remaining O2 (.-) undergoes dismutation to O2 and H2O2. O2 (.-) does not react with NADH at significant rates. Mn(2+) or lactate dehydrogenase stimulate NADH oxidation by peroxidase because they mediate a reaction between O2 (.-) and NADH. 2,4-Dichlorophenol, p-cresol and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid stimulate NADH oxidation by peroxidase, probably by breaking down compound III and so increasing the amount of active peroxidase in the reaction mixture. Oxidation in the presence of these phenols is greatly increased by adding H2O2. The rate of NADH oxidation by peroxidase is greatest in the presence of both Mn(2+) and those phenols which interact with compound III. Both O2 (.-) and H2O2 are involved in this oxidation, which plays an important role in lignin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, King's College, University of London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, U.K
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43
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Peters TJ, Wells G, Oakley CM, Brooksby IA, Jenkins BS, Webb-Peploe MM, Coltart DJ. Enzymic analysis of endomyocardial biopsy specimens from patients with cardiomyopathies. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 1977; 39:1333-9. [PMID: 564201 PMCID: PMC483418 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.39.12.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial biopsies have been obtained from patients with hypertrophic or congestive cardiomyopathies. Marker enzymes for the principal subcellular organelles of the myocardium were estimated using highly sensitive assay procedures. The results were compared with those obtained in tissue from patients with valvular heart disease with good or poor left ventricular function. Left ventricular myocardial tissue from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showed essentially normal levels of enzymic activities. In congestive cardiomyopathy, right ventricular tissue showed reduced levels of mitochondrial enzymes with increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase. Left ventricular tissue from patients with congestive cardiomyopathy showed reduced levels of mitochondrial and myofibril enzymes but high levels of lactate dehydrogenase. The reduced levels of myofibril Ca++-activated ATP in congestive cardiomyopathy is similar to that found in patients with impaired left ventricular function secondary to valvular disease. It is suggested that defective mitochondrial function is a characteristic feature of congestive cardiomyopathy and that the increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase reflect a compensatory response.
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44
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Thong YH, Rencis V. Bilirubin inhibits hexose-monophosphate shunt activity of phagocytosing neutrophils. ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 1977; 66:757-9. [PMID: 920169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1977.tb07985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil hexose monophosphate (H.M.P.) shunt activity was measured by the conversion of 14C-1-glucose to 14CO2 during ingestion of polystyrene latex particles. Unconjugated bilrubin at the concentration of 1 X 10(5) M was found to markedly inhibit H.M.P. shunt activity. Since H.M.P. shunt activity of neutrophils is an important prerequisite of microbicidal function, it is suggested that jaundiced newborns may be more susceptible to bacterial infections.
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45
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46
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Taylor DC. Compensation for vaccine-damaged children. Lancet 1977; 1:314. [PMID: 64845 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Iverson D, DeChatelet LR, Spitznagel JK, Wang P. Comparison of NADH and NADPH oxidase activities in granules isolated from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes with a fluorometric assay. J Clin Invest 1977; 59:282-90. [PMID: 833275 PMCID: PMC333358 DOI: 10.1172/jci108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluormetric method for the determination of pyridine nucleotides has been adapted for use in studying the reduced pyridine nucleotide oxidases in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the presence of strong base the oxidized forms of the pyridine nucleotides form a highly fluorescent product. The small amounts of NAD(P) formed by the oxidase reactions can be determined with great sensitivity. This method has been compared to the radioisotopic assay for NADPH oxidation. Both methods gave essentially the same results in terms of nanomoles NADP produced by control, resting, and phagocytizing samples. Both NADPH and NADH oxidase activities were insensitive to cyanide. NADPH oxidation had a pH optimum of 5.5, while that for NADH appeared to be 6.0. Granules isolated from phagocytizing cells routinely showed more activity toward both substrates (two to threefold) than granules from resting cells. Both activities were located primarily in a granule fraction prepared by differential centrifugation. Oxidation of NADPH was routinely four to five times that of NADH at all except very high substrate levels. Measurable NADH oxidation was rarely seen below 0.80 mM NADH, while NADPH oxidation was easily measurable at 0.20 mM. One patient with chronic granulomatous disease was studied. At low substrate levels, there was no activity toward either substrate in granules isolated from either resting or phagocytizing cells of this patient, while granules isolated from normal control cells showed substantial activity at these substrate levels. Purification of the activities had been initiated with linear sucrose gradients. Both activities co-sediment to a very dense region of the gradient, a region different from that in which membrane or azurophil granules usually equilibrate. The peak gradient fractions show a 10-30-fold increase in specific activity over comparable granule fractions. These data suggest that the oxidase activities are associated with one enzyme that has different affinities for the two substrates ans support the contention that the oxidation of NADPH is responsible for the metabolic burst accompanying phagocytosis in human PMNL.
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Norman J. Letter: Expiratory bacterial filters. Lancet 1976; 2:151. [PMID: 59221 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Dickson JA. Letter: Journal of I.D.E.A.S. Lancet 1976; 2:151. [PMID: 59222 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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