1
|
Tadokoro T, Kato A, Ohmori H, Matsumoto T, Kuro-O M, Kobayashi T, Ohdan H. Serum Calcification Propensity T50 Is Associated with Soluble Thrombomodulin in Patients on Hemodialysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3491. [PMID: 38930020 PMCID: PMC11205071 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Levels of circulating soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), an anticoagulant factor, are associated with the severity and progression of arteriosclerotic diseases. However, the role of elevated sTM levels remains to be clarified in patients on dialysis. As the calcification propensity time T50 is a novel marker of arterial calcification, we aimed to determine the association between sTM and T50 in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 49 adult patients on maintenance HD. Correlation analysis was performed to test the association between T50 and patient characteristics. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between T50 and sTM. Results: Partial correlation analysis showed a strong association between T50 and glycated albumin, phosphorous, and sTM levels (partial correlation coefficient: r [partial] = -0.359, p = 0.023; r [partial] = -0.579, p < 0.001; and r [partial] = 0.346, p = 0.029, respectively). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that only sTM level was significantly and positively associated with T50 (β = 0.288; t = 2.27; p = 0.029; 95% confidence interval, 0.082-1.403). Conclusions: sTM is independently and positively associated with the propensity time for calcification, suggesting that sTM could be a good marker of arterial calcification progression in patients on HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tadokoro
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, 95 Ihonosho, Yanai-shi 742-1352, Yamaguchi, Japan;
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (T.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Akihiko Kato
- Blood Purification Unit, Hamamatsu University Hospital, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chūō-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Hiromitsu Ohmori
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, 95 Ihonosho, Yanai-shi 742-1352, Yamaguchi, Japan;
| | - Tomio Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center, 95 Ihonosho, Yanai-shi 742-1352, Yamaguchi, Japan;
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (T.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (T.K.); (H.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peyronnel C, Totoson P, Martin H, Demougeot C. Relevance of circulating markers of endothelial activation for cardiovascular risk assessment in rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review. Life Sci 2023; 314:121264. [PMID: 36470540 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with excessive cardiovascular mortality secondary to premature atherosclerosis, in which endothelial activation (EA) plays a central role. EA is characterized by loss of vascular integrity, expression of leucocyte adhesion molecules, transition from antithrombotic to prothrombotic phenotype, cytokines production, shedding of membrane microparticles and recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells. As EA is an early event in atherogenesis, circulating markers of EA are putative markers of vascular pathology and cardiovascular (CV) risk. After a presentation of biology of EA, the present review analyzed the available data regarding changes in EA markers in RA in link with the vascular pathology and CV events, discussed their relevance as biomarkers of CV risk and proposed future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célian Peyronnel
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A missense mutation in lectin domain of thrombomodulin causing functional deficiency. Transl Res 2023; 251:74-83. [PMID: 35921923 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) functions in coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation by its cofactor activity for protein C, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) degradation induced by thrombin. It has been widely reported that mutations in TM are related to thromboembolic diseases but hardly in lectin domain. Here we report our findings about the functional deficiencies in TM caused by substitution of aspartate with tyrosine at residue 126. Three patients suffering from recurrent thromboembolic diseases were identified with this mutation and their plasma soluble TM levels were decreased. Transfected cells expressing wild-type TM or the variant and corresponding proteins were used to examine TM functions in vitro. The cofactor activity of the mutant for protein C, TAFI activation was reduced to approximately 50% and 60% respectively. Loss in anti-inflammation due to weakened HMGB1 degradation was also observed. And the study with thrombosis models of mice suggested the decreased inhibition of thrombus development of the mutant. Together the results showed deleterious changes on TM function caused by this mutation, which may explain the thrombophilia tendency of the patients. This work provided supportive evidence that mutation in lectin domain of TM might be related to thrombotic diseases and may help us better understand the physiological roles of TM.
Collapse
|
4
|
High plasma soluble thrombomodulin levels indicated poor prognosis of decompensated liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:1140-1146. [PMID: 35946457 PMCID: PMC9528942 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial injury is a prominent characteristic of liver cirrhosis. We determined plasma soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) levels in cirrhosis patients to evaluate the relationship between vascular injury and long-term prognosis. METHODS A prospective single-center study was performed. The participants were followed up for every 6 months or until death or transplantation. A chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay was used to establish a baseline sTM. RESULTS Among the 219 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, 53.42% were caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Plasma sTM levels were much higher in cirrhosis than in healthy controls and increased parallel with Child-Pugh classification ( P < 0.01) and the amount of ascites ( P = 0.04). After adjusting for sex, age, international normalized ratio, bilirubin, and other potential factors, multivariate Cox regression revealed that per TU/ml elevation of plasma sTM causes an increase of 8% in mortality, and per-SD elevation of thrombomodulin causes a 53% increase in mortality. As the mortality rates in low (5.90-12.60 TU/ml) and medium (12.70-18.00 TU/ml) sTM levels were similar, so we chose the cutoff of 18.00 TU/ml to divide into two groups, and K-M analysis indicated that patients with sTM >18.0 TU/ml demonstrated an additional 2.01 times death risk (95% CI, 1.13-7.93; P = 0.01) than those with sTM ≤18.0 TU/ml. CONCLUSION Plasma sTM in cirrhosis was significantly increased in parallel with the severity of liver dysfunction. sTM elevation than 18 TU/ml indicated a poor prognosis of decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Cimaglia P, Manfrini M, Fortini F, Marracino L, Bernucci D, Pompei G, Scala A, Trichilo M, De Carolis B, Dalla Paola L, Ferrari R, Rizzo P, Campo G. Circulating Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810641. [PMID: 36142551 PMCID: PMC9506462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease characterized by ischemic pain, which is frequently associated with diabetes and non-healing lesions to inferior limbs. The clinical management of diabetic patients with CLI typically includes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to restore limb circulation and surgical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). However, even after successful treatment, CLI patients are prone to post-procedure complications, which may lead to unplanned revascularization or foot surgery. Unfortunately, the factors predicting adverse events in treated CLI patients are only partially known. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers that predict the disease course in diabetic patients with CLI. For this purpose, we measured the circulating levels of a panel of 23 molecules related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and thrombophilia in 92 patients with CLI and DFU requiring PTA and foot surgery. We investigated whether these putative biomarkers were associated with the following clinical endpoints: (1) healing of the treated DFUs; (2) need for new revascularization of the limb; (3) appearance of new lesions or relapses after successful healing. We found that sICAM-1 and endothelin-1 are inversely associated with DFU healing and that PAI-1 and endothelin-1 are associated with the need for new revascularization. Moreover, we found that the levels of thrombomodulin and sCD40L are associated with new lesions or recurrence, and we show that the levels of these biomarkers could be used in a decision tree to assign patients to clusters with different risks of developing new lesions or recurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Cimaglia
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Marco Manfrini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Francesca Fortini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Luisa Marracino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Graziella Pompei
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Scala
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Trichilo
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice De Carolis
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Dalla Paola
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Phowira J, Ahmed FW, Bakhashab S, Weaver JU. Upregulated miR-18a-5p in Colony Forming Unit-Hill’s in Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Metformin Therapy; MERIT Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092136. [PMID: 36140236 PMCID: PMC9496122 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony forming unit-Hill’s (CFU-Hill’s) colonies are hematopoietic-derived cells that participate in neovasculogenesis and serve as a biomarker for vascular health. In animals, overexpression of miR-18a-5p was shown to be pro-atherogenic. We had shown that well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by an inflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction, and reduced number of CFU-Hill’s, a model of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). MERIT study explored the role of miR-18a-5p expression in CFU-Hill’s colonies in T1DM, and the cardioprotective effect of metformin in subclinical CVD. In T1DM, miR-18a-5p was significantly upregulated whereas metformin reduced it to HC levels. MiR-18a-5p was inversely correlated with CFU-Hill’s colonies, CD34+, CD34+CD133+ cells, and positively with IL-10, C-reactive protein, vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D), and thrombomodulin. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated, miR-18a-5p as a biomarker of T1DM, and upregulated miR-18a-5p defining subclinical CVD at HbA1c of 44.5 mmol/mol (pre-diabetes). Ingenuity pathway analysis documented miR-18a-5p inhibiting mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1, estrogen receptor-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α cellular communication network factor-2, and protein inhibitor of activated STAT 3, whilst metformin upregulated these mRNAs via transforming growth factor beta-1 and VEGF. We confirmed the pro-atherogenic effect of miR-18a-5p in subclinical CVD and identified several target genes for future CVD therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Phowira
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fahad W. Ahmed
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle upon Tyne NE9 6SH, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Madinah 42522, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jolanta U. Weaver
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle upon Tyne NE9 6SH, UK
- Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-191-445-2181
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boron M, Hauzer-Martin T, Keil J, Sun XL. Circulating Thrombomodulin: Release Mechanisms, Measurements, and Levels in Diseases and Medical Procedures. TH OPEN 2022; 6:e194-e212. [PMID: 36046203 PMCID: PMC9273331 DOI: 10.1055/a-1801-2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a type-I transmembrane protein that is mainly expressed on endothelial cells and plays important roles in many biological processes. Circulating TM of different forms are also present in biofluids, such as blood and urine. Soluble TM (sTM), comprised of several domains of TM, is the major circulating TM which is generated by either enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the intact protein under different conditions. Under normal conditions, sTM is present in low concentrations (<10 ng/mL) in the blood but is elevated in several pathological conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, infection, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, sTM level has been examined for monitoring disease development, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently. In addition, microvesicles (MVs) that contain membrane TM (MV-TM) have been found to be released from activated cells which also contribute to levels of circulating TM in certain diseases. Several release mechanisms of sTM and MV-TM have been reported, including enzymatic, chemical, and TM mutation mechanisms. Measurements of sTM and MV-TM have been developed and explored as biomarkers in many diseases. In this review, we summarize all these advances in three categories as follows: (1) release mechanisms of circulating TM, (2) methods for measuring circulating TM in biological samples, and (3) correlation of circulating TM with diseases. Altogether, it provides a whole picture of recent advances on circulating TM in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallorie Boron
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Tiffany Hauzer-Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph Keil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh A, Rawat A, Kaur A, Kaur A, Kumrah R, Johnson N, Chaudhary H, Pilania RK, Srivastava P, Singh S. Association of SNP (rs1042579) in thrombomodulin gene and plasma thrombomodulin level in North Indian children with Kawasaki disease. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7399-7407. [PMID: 35587845 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is the commonest systemic vasculitis in children. It predisposes to development of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs). Thrombomodulin (THBD) gene polymorphism rs1042579 is associated with high risk of cerebrovascular diseases. However, association of THBD polymorphism (rs1042579) and plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels with susceptibility to KD and CAAs remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Polymorphism in THBD gene (rs1042579) was analysed in 50 KD patients and 50 age, gender and ethnicity matched controls using Sanger sequencing. Plasma TM levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Mean plasma TM level (± SD) in KD patients was 2549.41 (± 853.18) pg/ml and in controls was 2298.03 (± 869.14) pg/ml; p = 0.042. Mean plasma TM levels in CC genotype was 2299.98 (± 834.88) pg/ml and in CT/TT genotype was 2837.96 (± 857.14) pg/ml; p = 0.005. Genotyping data did not reveal significant differences in patients with KD as compared to controls (p = 0.25), and in KD patients with and without CAAs (p = 0.407). Odds of finding T allele in cases were 2.07 times greater than in controls (p = 0.093). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study from India, and second in the world, that investigates association of THBD gene polymorphism with KD. This is also the first study to assess plasma TM levels in KD patients. Our data show that plasma TM levels were significantly higher in KD patients with CT/TT genotypes. Further, the polymorphism rs1042579 at exon 1 of THBD gene was found to be more common in KD patients than in controls although the difference was not statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anit Kaur
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anupriya Kaur
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rajni Kumrah
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Nameirakpam Johnson
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Himanshi Chaudhary
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Pilania
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Surjit Singh
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Watanabe-Kusunoki K, Nakazawa D, Ishizu A, Atsumi T. Thrombomodulin as a Physiological Modulator of Intravascular Injury. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575890. [PMID: 33042158 PMCID: PMC7525002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM), which is predominantly expressed on the endothelium, plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating the coagulation system. Intravascular injury and inflammation are complicated physiological processes that are induced by injured endothelium-mediated pro-coagulant signaling, necrotic endothelial- and blood cell-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and DAMP-mediated inflammation. During the hypercoagulable state after endothelial injury, TM is released into the intravascular space by proteolytic cleavage of the endothelium component. Recombinant TM (rTM) is clinically applied to patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, resulting in protection from tissue injury. Recent studies have revealed that rTM functions as an inflammatory regulator beyond hemostasis through various molecular mechanisms. More specifically, rTM neutralizes DAMPs, including histones and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), suppresses excessive activation of the complement system, physiologically protects the endothelium, and influences both innate and acquired immunity. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote immunothrombosis by orchestrating platelets to enclose infectious invaders as part of the innate immune system, but excessive immunothrombosis can cause intravascular injury. However, rTM can directly and indirectly regulate NET formation. Furthermore, rTM interacts with mediators of acquired immunity to resolve vascular inflammation. So far, rTM has shown good efficacy in suppressing inflammation in various experimental models, including thrombotic microangiopathy, sterile inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. Thus, rTM has the potential to become a novel tool to regulate intravascular injury via pleiotropic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Watanabe-Kusunoki
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daigo Nakazawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Algahtani FH, Stuckey R. High factor VIII levels and arterial thrombosis: illustrative case and literature review. Ther Adv Hematol 2019; 10:2040620719886685. [PMID: 31798819 PMCID: PMC6868576 DOI: 10.1177/2040620719886685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic disorders are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries. Several well-known genetic traits underlie predisposition to venous thrombosis. In particular, high factor VIII levels are a risk factor for venous thrombosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, similar insight into the genetic component of arterial thrombosis predisposition has not materialized fully, despite considerable effort. The authors present an illustrative case of a 32-year-old Saudi Arabian patient with peripheral arterial thrombosis whose only identifiable risk factor were high factor VIII levels. We also provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge concerning the role of high factor VIII levels in determining the risk of arterial thrombosis or ischemic heart disease (IHD). We conclude that high factor VIII levels are a risk factor for thrombosis, with a greater impact on venous than on arterial thrombosis. However, due to a lack of international consensus on methods for the laboratory testing of factor VIII levels in plasma, we would not currently recommend the measurement of factor VIII levels as part of routine thrombophilia screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farjah Hassan Algahtani
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruth Stuckey
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sapp RM, Evans WS, Eagan LE, Chesney CA, Zietowski EM, Prior SJ, Ranadive SM, Hagberg JM. The effects of moderate and high-intensity exercise on circulating markers of endothelial integrity and activation in young, healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1245-1256. [PMID: 31487226 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00477.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function typically exhibits a hormetic response to exercise. It is unknown whether endothelial damage occurs in response to acute exercise and could be a contributing mechanism. We sought to determine the effects of acute exercise on endothelial-derived circulating factors proposed to reflect endothelial integrity and activation. Young, healthy men (n = 10) underwent 30-min moderate continuous (MOD) and high-intensity interval (HII) cycling exercise bouts. Venous blood samples were taken immediately before and after exercise for quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), apoptotic and activated endothelial microvesicles (EMVs), thrombomodulin (TM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), syndecan-1, and circulating microRNAs (ci-miRs) 126-3p and 126-5p. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery before, 10 min after, and 60 min after exercise. Numbers of CECs and EMVs were unchanged by either exercise bout (P > 0.05). Numbers of all measured CAC subtypes decreased in response to MOD (21%-34%, P < 0.05), whereas only CD31+/34+/45dim/- CACs decreased following HII (21%, P < 0.05). TM and syndecan-1 increased with both exercise intensities (both ~20%, P < 0.05). HII, but not MOD, increased vWF (88%, P < 0.001), ci-miR-126-3p (92%, P = 0.009) and ci-miR-126-5p (110%, P = 0.01). The changes in several circulating factors correlated with changes in FMD following either one or both intensities. Changes in circulating factors do not support the concept of exercise-induced endothelial cell denudation, apoptosis, or activation, though slight disruption of endothelial glycocalyx and membrane integrity may occur. A related loss of mechanotransduction along with mechanisms underlying endothelial activation and ci-miR-126 secretion may relate to changes in endothelial function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using circulating endothelial-derived factors, we show that endothelial denudation, apoptosis, and activation do not appear to increase, whereas disrupted endothelial glycocalyx and membrane integrity may occur during both high-intensity interval and moderate intensity cycling. Increases in factors nonspecific to endothelial damage, including von Willebrand factor and microRNA-126, occurred only after high-intensity interval exercise. These results shed light on the hypothesis that disrupted endothelial integrity contributes to the endothelial function response to exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Sapp
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - William S Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Lauren E Eagan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Catalina A Chesney
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Evelyn M Zietowski
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - James M Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grafetstätter M, Pletsch-Borba L, Sookthai D, Karavasiloglou N, Johnson T, Katzke VA, Hoffmeister M, Bugert P, Kaaks R, Kühn T. Thrombomodulin and Thrombopoietin, Two Biomarkers of Hemostasis, Are Positively Associated with Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations for Cancer Prevention in a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092067. [PMID: 31484340 PMCID: PMC6770787 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A pro-coagulative state is related to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases but also certain cancers. Since experimental and smaller human studies suggest that diet, physical activity, and body weight may all affect coagulation, we evaluated associations between these lifestyle factors and hemostatic biomarkers in a population-based study. Cross-sectional baseline data from 2267 randomly selected participants of EPIC-Heidelberg (age range 35–65 years) was used. Fibrinogen, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, P-selectin, thrombomodulin (TM), and thrombopoietin (TPO) were measured in baseline plasma samples. A score reflecting adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations for cancer prevention was created. Associations between the WCRF/AICR score as well as its individual components and hemostatic biomarkers were analyzed by linear regression models. Multivariable-adjusted geometric means (95% confidence intervals) of TM and TPO were higher with greater adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations (TM, lowest vs. highest score category: 2.90 (2.7,3.1) vs. 3.10 (2.9,3.3) ng/mL, plinear trend = 0.0001; TPO: 328 (302,356) vs. 348 (321,378) pg/mL, plinear trend = 0.0007). These associations were driven by lower alcohol and meat consumption among persons with higher WCRF/AICR scores. Our results indicate that lifestyle factors favorably affect TM and TPO, two hemostatic factors implicated in chronic disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Grafetstätter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Laura Pletsch-Borba
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Disorn Sookthai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nena Karavasiloglou
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zürich, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, and German Red Cross Blood Service, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 107, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Endothelial injury is closely related to osteopontin and TNF receptor-mediated inflammation in end-stage renal disease. Cytokine 2019; 121:154729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Lee GH, Chang CL, Chiu WT, Hsiao TH, Chen PY, Wang KC, Kuo CH, Chen BH, Shi GY, Wu HL, Fu TF. A thrombomodulin-like gene is crucial to the collective migration of epibolic blastomeres during germ layer formation and organogenesis in zebrafish. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:60. [PMID: 31451113 PMCID: PMC6709559 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombomodulin (TM), an integral membrane protein, has long been known for its anticoagulant activity. Recent studies showed that TM displays multifaceted activities, including the involvement in cell adhesion and collective cell migration in vitro. However, whether TM contributes similarly to these biological processes in vivo remains elusive. Methods We adapted zebrafish, a prominent animal model for studying molecular/cellular activity, embryonic development, diseases mechanism and drug discovery, to examine how TM functions in modulating cell migration during germ layer formation, a normal and crucial physiological process involving massive cell movement in the very early stages of life. In addition, an in vivo assay was developed to examine the anti-hemostatic activity of TM in zebrafish larva. Results We found that zebrafish TM-b, a zebrafish TM-like protein, was expressed mainly in vasculatures and displayed anti-hemostatic activity. Knocking-down TM-b led to malformation of multiple organs, including vessels, heart, blood cells and neural tissues. Delayed epiboly and incoherent movement of yolk syncytial layer were also observed in early TM-b morphants. Whole mount immunostaining revealed the co-localization of TM-b with both actin and microtubules in epibolic blastomeres. Single-cell tracking revealed impeded migration of blastomeres during epiboly in TM-b-deficient embryos. Conclusion Our results showed that TM-b is crucial to the collective migration of blastomeres during germ layer formation. The structural and functional compatibility and conservation between zebrafish TM-b and mammalian TM support the properness of using zebrafish as an in vivo platform for studying the biological significance and medical use of TM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-019-0549-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Hui Lee
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Hsien Hsiao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chieh Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Safety/ Hygiene and Risk Management College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Fun Fu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ito T, Thachil J, Asakura H, Levy JH, Iba T. Thrombomodulin in disseminated intravascular coagulation and other critical conditions-a multi-faceted anticoagulant protein with therapeutic potential. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:280. [PMID: 31416465 PMCID: PMC6694689 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin plays a vital role in maintaining intravascular patency due to its anticoagulant, antiinflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. However, under pathological conditions such as sepsis and systemic inflammation, endothelial thrombomodulin expression is downregulated and its function impaired. As a result, administering thrombomodulin represents a potential therapeutic modality. Recently, the effect of recombinant thrombomodulin administration in sepsis-induced coagulopathy was evaluated in a randomized controlled study (SCARLET). A 2.6% 28-day absolute mortality reduction (26.8% vs. 29.4%) was reported in 800 patients studied that was not statistically significant; however, a post hoc analysis revealed a 5.4% absolute mortality reduction among the patients who fulfilled the entry criterion at baseline. The risk of bleeding did not increase compared to placebo control. Favorable effects of thrombomodulin administration have been reported not only in sepsis-induced coagulopathy but also in disseminated intravascular coagulations with various backgrounds. Interestingly, beneficial effects of recombinant thrombomodulin in respiratory, renal, and cardiovascular diseases might depend on its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the accumulated knowledge of endogenous as well as recombinant thrombomodulin from basic to clinical aspects and suggest future directions for this novel therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Hidesaku Asakura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aussel A, Boiziau C, L'Azou B, Siadous R, Delmond S, Montembault A, David L, Bordenave L, Thébaud NB. Cell and tissue responses at the interface with a chitosan hydrogel intended for vascular applications: in vitro and in vivo exploration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:025009. [PMID: 30609413 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aafbf0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The need for small caliber vessels to treat cardiovascular diseases has grown. However, synthetic polymers perform poorly in small-diameter applications. Chitosan hydrogels can provide a novel biological scaffold for vascular engineering. The goal of this study was to explore host cell and tissue behavior at the interface with chitosan-based scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS in vitro, we assessed the ability of endothelial cells lining chitosan hydrogels to produce tissue factor (TF), thrombomodulin (TM) and nitric oxide. We showed that endothelial cells behave as a native endothelium since under stimulation, TF and TM expression increased and decreased, respectively. Endothelial cells seeded on chitosan produced nitric oxide, but no change was observed under stimulation. After in vivo subcutaneous implantation of chitosan hydrogels in rats, macrophage activation phenotypes, playing a crucial role in biomaterial/tissue, were explored by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggested a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signals since we observed an inflammatory response in favor of macrophage M2 phenotype. CONCLUSION in vitro exploration of endothelial cell response at the interface with chitosan hydrogel showed a functional endothelium and in vivo exploration of tissue response revealed a biointegration of chitosan hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Aussel
- Univ. Bordeaux, BIOTIS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France. CHU Bordeaux, Pôle Odontologie et Santé Buccale, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Comparison of anti-inflammatory effects of rivaroxaban vs. dabigatran in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (RIVAL-AF study): multicenter randomized study. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1002-1013. [PMID: 30599063 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-01324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Some experimental studies have shown that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the interval changes in inflammatory markers in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who receive DOACs remain unknown. Between July 2013 and April 2014, a total of 187 AF patients randomly assigned to receive rivaroxaban (n = 91) or dabigatran (n = 96) were assessed for eligibility. The levels of the following inflammatory markers were serially evaluated: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, pentraxin-3, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, growth and differentiation factor-15, and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM). The aim in this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of rivaroxaban and dabigatran in patients with AF, in addition to the impact of markers on bleeding events. Finally, 117 patients (rivaroxaban: n = 55, dabigatran: n = 62) were included in the analysis at 12 months. Although the interval changes in sTM levels tended to be greater in the dabigatran group [0.3 (0-0.7) vs. 0.5 (0-1.0) FU/ml, p = 0.061], there were no significant differences in the interval changes in any inflammatory marker between 2 groups. There were no significant differences in bleeding events between 2 groups. The interval changes in sTM levels were significantly greater in patients with bleeding compared with those without [0.8 (0.5-1.3) vs. 0.4 (- 0.1-0.8) FU/ml, p = 0.017]. There were no significant differences in the interval changes in any inflammatory marker between rivaroxaban and dabigatran treatments in patients with AF. The increased levels of sTM after DOACs treatment might be related to bleeding events.
Collapse
|
18
|
Uaprasert N, Satitthummanid S, Akkawat B, Sutcharitchan P, Rojnuckarin P. Vascular and hemostatic alterations associated with pulmonary hypertension in β-thalassemia hemoglobin E patients receiving regular transfusion and iron chelation. Thromb Res 2018; 174:104-112. [PMID: 30584959 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the commonest cardiac complication in β-thalassemia intermedia, including β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (β-thal/HbE), and is strongly associated with splenectomy. We aimed to define the prevalence and comprehensively explore mechanisms of PH in β-thal/HbE patients receiving regular transfusion and iron chelation, which were reported to alleviate PH. MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Thal/HbE patients receiving regular transfusion and iron chelation over one year were enrolled. Patients at risk for PH were defined by tricuspid-regurgitant-jet-velocity (TRV) ≥ 2.5 m/s. Laboratory and echocardiographic variables were compared with healthy controls. RESULTS There were 68 β-thal/HbE, including 31 (45.6%) splenectomized patients, and 38 controls included for analysis. PH was detected in 29 β-thal/HbE (42.6%). β-Thal/HbE with PH had a significant reduction in nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) but elevations in thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) values compared to those without PH (all, p < 0.05). TRV was significantly correlated with NOx, TAT, sTM, ET-1 and FMD values (r = -0.514, r = 0.281, r = 0.313, r = 0.245 and r = -0.474; all p < 0.05). Erythropoietic activity, serum ferritin, circulating total tissue factor (TF) antigen, microparticle-associated TF activity, microparticle's procoagulant activity and soluble p-selectin levels were not different between PH and non-PH subgroups. Notably, there were no significant associations between splenectomy and PH. CONCLUSIONS PH remains prevalent in β-thal/HbE patients receiving long-term transfusion and iron chelation. PH is not associated with splenectomy status but correlated with NO depletion, TF-independent hypercoagulability and endothelial perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noppacharn Uaprasert
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sudarat Satitthummanid
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Cardiac Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Benjaporn Akkawat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pranee Sutcharitchan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ponlapat Rojnuckarin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Plasma Concentration of Biomarkers Reflecting Endothelial Cell- and Glycocalyx Damage are Increased in Patients With Suspected ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock. Shock 2018; 50:538-544. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
20
|
Kashyap S, Kumar S, Agarwal V, Misra DP, Phadke SR, Kapoor A. Gene expression profiling of coronary artery disease and its relation with different severities. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
21
|
Tani S, Matsuo R, Hirayama A. Does administration of eicosapentaenoic acid increase soluble thrombomodulin level in statin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease? Heart Vessels 2018; 34:368-374. [PMID: 30143885 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interventions targeting the serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio could be useful for the prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). Few data exist regarding the effects of administration of EPA on the serum levels of soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) as a marker of endothelial damage, or on the relationship between the sTM and EPA/AA ratio in patients with CAD receiving statin treatment. We assigned stable CAD patients already receiving statin therapy to an EPA group (1800 mg/day: n = 50) or control group (n = 50). A significant increase of the sTM level was observed in the EPA group as compared to that in the control group 0.40 (0.10/0.70) FU/mL vs. 0.20 (0/0.40) FU/mL, p = 0.004 at the 6-month follow-up examination. Multivariate regression analysis after adjustments for coronary risk factors and changes of the serum lipid levels identified an increased EPA/AA ratio as an independent predictor of increased serum sTM level (β = 0.244, p = 0.02). The results suggest that an increased sTM level caused by additional administration of EPA to statin might be associated with an increased EPA/AA ratio. The increase of the serum sTM after administration of EPA might reflect an increase of the TM expression on the endothelial surface rather than endothelial damage in CAD patients under statin treatment.Clinical Trial Registration Information UMIN ( http://www.umin.ac.jp/ ), Study ID: UMIN000010452.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8309, Japan. .,Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rei Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mughal MA, Soomro MS, AlSaani SMAJ, Shahid S, Ahmed S. Association of Thrombomodulin Gene Polymorphism (C1418T) With Coronary Artery Disease in Pakistani Population. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:730-735. [PMID: 30034448 PMCID: PMC6041510 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.343.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To find out the association between Thrombomodulin gene polymorphism (C1418T) with coronary artery disease in population of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods This case-control study was conducted in Tabba Heart Institute in collaboration with the National Institute of Blood Diseases, Karachi. We compared C/T dimorphism in 92 cases with 90 control subjects by allele-specific amplification. The results of PCR were confirmed by Gene sequencing. All the laboratory methods were strictly in compliance with the international standards. All variables that were either statistically significant in the univariate analyses or potentially important with respect to prevention or biologically relevant variables were included in logistic-regression analyses. Potential confounding was assessed with the use of multivariate models adjusted for participant's characteristics and other major risk factors for coronary artery disease. All reported p values are two-tailed, with statistical significance at p value < 0.05. Results The frequency of CC, C/T and TT genotype was 81 (90%), 6 (6.7%) 3 (3.3%) in controls and 67 (72.8%), 20 (21.7%) and 5 (5.4%) in cases respectively. In cases group the CT/TT genotypes were found to be significantly highly represented among the patients with coronary artery diseases when compared with control group (p-value 0.009). Conclusion TM C1418T polymorphism emerges as a risk marker in Coronary Artery Disease patients in the population of Karachi, Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akbar Mughal
- Dr. Muhammad Akbar Mughal, MBBS, MPhil. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleh Soomro
- Prof. Dr. Muhammad Saleh Soomro, Ph.D. Chairman. Department of Physiology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Saba Shahid
- Dr. Saba Shahid, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Genomics and Molecular Pathology Lab, National Institute of Blood Disease (NIBD), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shariq Ahmed
- Shariq Ahmed, MSc, Clinical Scientist/Lab. Supervisor, Genomics and Molecular Pathology Lab, National Institute of Blood Disease (NIBD), Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Exploring traditional and nontraditional roles for thrombomodulin. Blood 2018; 132:148-158. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-768994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThrombomodulin (TM) is an integral component of a multimolecular system, localized primarily to the vascular endothelium, that integrates crucial biological processes and biochemical pathways, including those related to coagulation, innate immunity, inflammation, and cell proliferation. These are designed to protect the host from injury and promote healing. The “traditional” role of TM in hemostasis was determined with its discovery in the 1980s as a ligand for thrombin and a critical cofactor for the major natural anticoagulant protein C system and subsequently for thrombin-mediated activation of the thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (also known as procarboxypeptidase B2). Studies in the past 2 decades are redefining TM as a molecule with many properties, exhibited via its multiple domains, through its interacting partners, complex regulated expression, and synthesis by cells other than the endothelium. In this report, we review some of the recently reported diverse properties of TM and how these may impact on our understanding of the pathogenesis of several diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
D’arrigo G, Pizzini P, Cutrupi S, Tripepi R, Tripepi G, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Vitamin D receptor activation raises soluble thrombomodulin levels in chronic kidney disease patients: a double blind, randomized trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 34:819-824. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella D’arrigo
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pizzini
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cutrupi
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rocco Tripepi
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Y, Jia PY, Chen BJ, Chen Y, Yu H, Yu Y, Yang HM, Jia DL, Ma CY. Evaluation of Plasma Thrombomodulin in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow. Cardiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000460239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: It has been reported that coronary slow flow (CSF) is associated with acute myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and even sudden cardiac death. Although studies concerning the etiopathogenesis of CSF are scarce, diffuse atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction are thought to play important roles. It has been suggested that a high plasma thrombomodulin (TM) level seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Objectives: We hypothesized that a high plasma TM level might be associated with CSF and aimed to research the relationship between plasma TM level and CSF. Methods: Fifty-two CSF patients with angiographically proven CSF and 44 cases with normal coronary flow were included in this study. Coronary flow velocity was determined by the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count method. Plasma TM levels were measured in all the study subjects. Results: Plasma TM levels were significantly higher in the CSF group compared to the control group (3.9 ± 0.5 vs. 3.6 ± 0.3 ng/mL, p = 0.01). There was a positive relationship (r = 0.31, p = 0.002) between plasma TM level and mean TIMI frame count (TFC). Factors associated with mean TFC were plasma TM level (β = 0.206, p = 0.038) and red cell distribution width (β = 0.088, p = 0.009) in multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: Patients with CSF have a higher plasma TM level, and this may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CSF. An elevated plasma TM level may be a predictor of CSF. Future studies are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
|
26
|
Depleted nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 levels are correlated with endothelial dysfunction in β-thalassemia/HbE patients. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:366-374. [PMID: 28474291 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of vascular disorders in β-thalassemia/HbE patients remain poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to determine the presence of endothelial dysfunction and its association with altered vascular mediators in this population. Forty-three β-thalassemia/HbE patients without clinically documented vascular symptoms and 43 age-sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) before and after administration of nitroglycerine (NTG). β-Thalassemia/HbE patients showed a significant endothelial dysfunction using FMD. The percentage change in the brachial artery diameter before NTG was significantly lower in the thalassemia group compared to the control (5.0 ± 5.9 vs. 9.0 ± 4.0%, p < 0.01) while no significant differences after NTG (18.4 ± 8.3 vs. 17.8 ± 6.3%, p = 0.71). Plasma nitric oxide metabolites (NO x ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were significantly decreased in β-thalassemia/HbE (117.2 ± 27.3 vs. 135.8 ± 11.3 µmol/L, p < 0.01) and (701.9 ± 676.0 vs. 1374.7 ± 716.5 pg/mL, p < 0.01), respectively, while a significant elevation in soluble thrombomodulin levels in β-thalassemia/HbE (3587.7 ± 1310.0 vs. 3093.9 ± 583.8 pg/mL, p = 0.028). NO x and PGE2 levels were significantly correlated with FMD (r = 0.27, p = 0.025) and (r = 0.35, p = 0.003), respectively. These findings suggest roles for endothelial mediators and a new mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction in β-thalassemia/HbE patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sepúlveda C, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction during aging: Predisposition to thrombosis. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:91-99. [PMID: 28477984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is aging. In the elderly endothelial dysfunction occurs as altered endothelial ability to regulate hemostasis, vascular tone and cell permeability. In addition, there are changes in the expression and plasma levels of important endothelial components related to endothelial-mediated modulation in hemostasis. These include alterations in the metabolism of nitric oxide and prostanoides, endothelin-1, thrombomodulin and Von Willebrand factor. These alterations potentiate the pro-coagulant status developed with aging, highlighting the endothelial role in the development of thrombosis in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Sepúlveda
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Chile; Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hasibuzzaman MM, Hossain S, Islam MS, Rahman A, Anjum A, Hossain F, Mohanto NC, Karim MR, Hoque MM, Saud ZA, Miyataka H, Himeno S, Hossain K. Association between arsenic exposure and soluble thrombomodulin: A cross sectional study in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175154. [PMID: 28399171 PMCID: PMC5388467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, plausible biomarker for early prediction and the underlying mechanism of arsenic-related CVD have not yet been clearly understood. Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the development of CVD. We hypothesized that endothelial damage or dysfunction is an important aspect and may be an early event of arsenic-related CVD. Soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) in serum is thought to be a specific and stable marker for endothelial damage or dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the association between chronic exposure to arsenic and sTM among human subjects in arsenic-endemic and non-endemic rural areas in Bangladesh. A total of 321 study subjects (217 from arsenic-endemic areas and 104 from a non-endemic area) were recruited. Subjects' arsenic exposure levels (i.e., drinking water, hair and nail arsenic concentrations) were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy. The subjects' serum sTM levels were quantified by immunoassay kit. The average sTM levels of the subjects in arsenic-endemic and non-endemic areas were 4.58 ± 2.20 and 2.84 ± 1.29 (ng mL-1) respectively, and the difference was significant (p<0.001). Arsenic exposure levels showed a significant (water arsenic: rs = 0.339, p<0.001, hair arsenic: rs = 0.352, p<0.001 and nail arsenic: rs = 0.308, p<0.001) positive associations with sTM levels. Soluble TM levels were higher in the higher exposure gradients if we stratified the subjects into tertile groups (low, medium and high) based on the arsenic concentrations of the subjects' drinking water, hair and nails. Finally, increased levels of sTM were negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and positively correlated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Results of this study show that chronic exposure to arsenic has mild to moderate association with sTM levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Hasibuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shofikul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Faruk Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nayan Chandra Mohanto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rezaul Karim
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mominul Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Hideki Miyataka
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Association of Serum Thrombomodulin with Endothelial Injuring Factors in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2791082. [PMID: 28473982 PMCID: PMC5394357 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2791082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of serum thrombomodulin (sTM) in the AAA patients and to examine its correlation with various factors which may potentially participate in the endothelial injury. Materials and Methods. Forty-one patients with AAA were involved and divided into subgroups based on different criteria. Concentration of sTM was measured using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were compared with those obtained in 30 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. Results. The higher concentration of sTM was observed in AAA patients compared with those in controls volunteers [2.37 (1.97–2.82) ng/mL versus 3.93 (2.43–9.20) ng/mL, P < 0.001]. An elevated sTM associated significantly with increased triglycerides (TAG) [P = 0.022], cholesterol [P = 0.029], hsCRP [P = 0.031], and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [P = 0.033]. Conclusions. The elevation of serum sTM level suggests that endothelial damage occurs in AAA pathogenesis. The correlations observed indicate that lipids abnormalities, inflammation, and oxidative stress may be involved in this destructive process.
Collapse
|
30
|
Single-molecule force spectroscopy study of the effect of cigarette carcinogens on thrombomodulin–thrombin interaction. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Caramuru LH, Lopes AA, Maeda NY, Aiello VD, Filho CC. Long-term Behavior of Endothelial and Coagulation Markers in Eisenmenger Syndrome. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 12:175-83. [PMID: 16708119 DOI: 10.1177/107602960601200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term behavior of endothelial markers was studied in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome who were subjected to conventional therapy (no vasodilators) and observed for 18 months. Biochemical markers were analyzed comparatively in patients with class II or III symptoms (group 1, n=10) and patients with class IV symptoms (group 2, n=7). Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF: Ag), thrombomodulin, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1), and D-dimer were determined by immunoenzymatic assay at baseline, and at 6, 12, and 18 months. At baseline, the main clinical difference between groups was a decreased peripheral oxygen saturation in group 2 versus group 1 (77±5% and 86±4%, respectively, p=0.001). Basal vWF: Ag and t-PA were increased and thrombomodulin was decreased in both groups in comparison with controls (p<0.0001), while D-dimer was increased in group 2 only (p=0.0003). In response to treatment, there was a decrease in vWF: Ag in both groups (19% and 23%, respectively in groups 1 and 2, at 18 months vs. baseline, p<0.0001) and t-PA in group 1 (38% vs. baseline, p=0.0485). Plasma vWF: Ag tended to be higher in group 2 in comparison with group 1 during the whole follow-up. Levels of PAI-1 greater than 38.4 ng/mL (upper 90% limit for normals) and D-dimer greater than 500 ng/mL were detected in individual patients (both groups) during the follow-up period. Thrombomodulin remained decreased in both groups. Thus, severity of symptoms in the Eisenmenger syndrome appears to correlate with low oxygen saturation and higher vWF: Ag levels. Improvement of endothelial dysfunction may occur in response to treatment, although increased risk for thrombosis persists, in view of residual abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia H Caramuru
- The Heart Institute, InCor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fenton M, Simmonds J, Shah V, Brogan P, Klein N, Deanfield J, Burch M. Inflammatory Cytokines, Endothelial Function, and Chronic Allograft Vasculopathy in Children: An Investigation of the Donor and Recipient Vasculature After Heart Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1559-68. [PMID: 26614396 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits the lifespan of pediatric heart transplant recipients. We investigated blood markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and damage to both the native and transplanted vasculature in children after heart transplantation. Serum samples were taken from pediatric heart transplant recipients for markers of inflammation and endothelial activation. The systemic vasculature was investigated using brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation and carotid artery intima-medial hyperplasia. CAV was investigated using intravascular ultrasound. Mean intima-media thickness (mIMT) > 0.5 mm was used to define significant CAV. Forty-eight children (25 male) aged 8-18 years were enrolled in the study. Patients were a median (interquartile range) 4.1 (2.2-8.7) years after transplant. Patients had increased levels of circulating IL6 (3.86 [2.84-4.95] vs. 1.66 [1.22-2.63] p < 0.0001), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (539 [451-621] vs. 402 [342-487] p < 0.001), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 305 (247-346) vs. 256 (224-294) p = 0.002 and thrombomodulin (7.1 [5.5-8.1] vs. 3.57 [3.03-4.71] p < 0.0001) and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, E selectin, and P selectin, compared with controls. The systemic vasculature was unaffected. Patients with severe CAV had raised serum von Willebrand factor and decreased serum thrombomodulin. Posttransplant thrombomodulin levels are elevated after transplant but significantly lower in those with mIMT > 0.5 mm. This suggests that subclinical inflammation is present and that natural anticoagulant/thrombomodulin activity is important after transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fenton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Simmonds
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - V Shah
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Brogan
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Deanfield
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, London, UK
| | - M Burch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thrombomodulin gene proximal promoter polymorphisms in premature acute coronary syndrome patients in Bahrain. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 26:919-24. [PMID: 26226255 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin is expressed on endothelial cells and monocytes (mTM) where it has an anticoagulant function. Enzymatic cleavage from the cell surface produces soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) in plasma. Abnormal levels of sTM and mutations in the thrombomodulin gene (THBD) are linked to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate THBD proximal promoter mutations and levels of sTM and mTM in men presenting with premature acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This prospective cross-sectional study included 100 adult men with premature ACS (age <55 years) and 60 healthy age-matched controls. Plasma sTM was assayed by ELISA. mTM expression was assessed by flow cytometry with CD141 antibody. The -33 G/A polymorphism was identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the THBD proximal promoter region was sequenced. Significantly lower sTM (P < 0.001) and higher mTM (P < 0.001) were seen in ACS patients. Heterozygous THBD promoter polymorphisms -33 G/A and -9/-10 GG/AT were found in eight patients and five control individuals. In patients and control individuals, allele frequencies of A were 0.02 and 0.025, and that of AT were 0.025 and 0.017, respectively. There were no significant associations of these polymorphisms with ACS, sTM levels or mTM expression. THBD polymorphisms -33 G/A and -9/-10 GG/AT are present in low frequency in our patient population, and are more frequent in the South Asians as compared to the Arabs. The frequency of -33 G/A is lower, whereas that of -9/-10 GG/AT is higher than that reported in the Orientals. The presence of THBD proximal promoter polymorphisms do not explain variations in levels of sTM and mTM in this patient population.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is considered the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. An estimated 200 million prescriptions are issued per year for statins to treat hypercholesterolemia. Importantly, statins have additional beneficial effects independent of their effects on lipids. Recent studies have shown that statins reduce thrombosis via multiple pathways, including inhibiting platelet activation and reducing the pathologic expression of the procoagulant protein tissue factor. Many of the antithrombotic effects of statins are attributed to inhibiting prenylation of RhoA and effects on other intracellular signaling molecules such as NF-κB and KLF2. These antithrombotic activities of statins likely contribute to the ability of statins to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Phillip Owens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Soluble thrombomodulin is a paracrine anti-apoptotic factor for vascular endothelial protection. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:340-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
36
|
Freestone B, Krishnamoorthy S, Lip GYH. Assessment of endothelial dysfunction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 8:557-71. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
37
|
Lin WL, Chang CF, Shi CS, Shi GY, Wu HL. Recombinant Lectin-Like Domain of Thrombomodulin Suppresses Vascular Inflammation by Reducing Leukocyte Recruitment via Interacting With Lewis Y on Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2366-73. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Lin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.-L.L., C.-S.S., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (W.-L.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center (W.-L.L., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology (H.-L.W.); and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology (C.-F.C.), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.-L.L., C.-S.S., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (W.-L.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center (W.-L.L., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology (H.-L.W.); and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology (C.-F.C.), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.-L.L., C.-S.S., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (W.-L.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center (W.-L.L., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology (H.-L.W.); and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology (C.-F.C.), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.-L.L., C.-S.S., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (W.-L.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center (W.-L.L., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology (H.-L.W.); and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology (C.-F.C.), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.-L.L., C.-S.S., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (W.-L.L.); Cardiovascular Research Center (W.-L.L., G.-Y.S., H.-L.W.); Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology (H.-L.W.); and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology (C.-F.C.), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Martin FA, Murphy RP, Cummins PM. Thrombomodulin and the vascular endothelium: insights into functional, regulatory, and therapeutic aspects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1585-97. [PMID: 23604713 PMCID: PMC7212260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00096.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a 557-amino acid protein with a broad cell and tissue distribution consistent with its wide-ranging physiological roles. When expressed on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells in both large vessels and capillaries, its primary function is to mediate endothelial thromboresistance. The complete integral membrane-bound protein form displays five distinct functional domains, although shorter soluble (functional) variants comprising the extracellular domains have also been reported in fluids such as serum and urine. TM-mediated binding of thrombin is known to enhance the specificity of the latter serine protease toward both protein C and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), increasing their proteolytic activation rate by almost three orders of magnitude with concomitant anticoagulant, antifibrinolytic, and anti-inflammatory benefits to the vascular wall. Recent years have seen an abundance of research into the cellular mechanisms governing endothelial TM production, processing, and regulation (including flow-mediated mechanoregulation)--from transcriptional and posttranscriptional (miRNA) regulation of TM gene expression, to posttranslational processing and release of the expressed protein--facilitating greater exploitation of its therapeutic potential. The goal of the present paper is to comprehensively review the endothelial/TM system from these regulatory perspectives and draw some fresh conclusions. This paper will conclude with a timely examination of the current status of TM's growing therapeutic appeal, from novel strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of recombinant TM analogs for resolution of vascular disorders such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), to an examination of the complex pleiotropic relationship between statin treatment and TM expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Martin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vaverkova H, Karasek D, Novotny D, Kovarova D, Halenka M, Slavik L, Frohlich J. Positive association of adiponectin with soluble thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor and soluble VCAM-1 in dyslipidemic subjects. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:766-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
Ostrowski SR, Pedersen SH, Jensen JS, Mogelvang R, Johansson PI. Acute myocardial infarction is associated with endothelial glycocalyx and cell damage and a parallel increase in circulating catecholamines. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2013; 17:R32. [PMID: 23433357 PMCID: PMC4057225 DOI: 10.1186/cc12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Excessive sympathoadrenal activation in critical illness contributes directly to organ damage, and high concentrations of catecholamines damage the vascular endothelium. This study investigated associations between potential drivers of sympathoadrenal activation, circulating catecholamines and biomarkers of endothelial damage and outcome in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)-patients, hypothesizing that the catecholamine surge would reflect shock degree and correlate with biomarkers of endothelial damage. Methods This was a prospective study of 678 consecutive STEMI-patients admitted to a single high-volume invasive heart centre for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) from September 2006 to July 2008. Blood samples were drawn immediately before pPCI. Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin were measured retrospectively with complete data in 571 patients (84%). Median follow-up time was 28 (IQR 23 to 34) months. Follow-up was 99.7% complete. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, re-myocardial infarction and admission due to heart failure. Results Circulating noradrenaline and adrenaline correlated weakly but independently with syndecan-1 (rho = 0.15 and rho = 0.13, both P <0.01) and thrombomodulin (rho = 0.11 and rho = 0.17, both P <0.01), biomarkers of glycocalyx and endothelial cell damage, respectively. Considering biomarkers, patients with shock pre-pPCI had higher adrenaline and syndecan-1 and patients admitted to ICU post-pPCI had higher syndecan-1 (all P <0.05), and in the patients with shock (n = 51) catecholamines correlated strongly with thrombomodulin and syndecan-1 (rho = 0.31 to 0.42, all P <0.05). During follow-up, 78 (14%) patients died (37 cardiovascular deaths) and 65 (11%) were admitted with heart failure. By multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, one quartile higher plasma adrenaline was weakly but independently associated with both 30-day and long term mortality and heart failure (30-day all-cause mortality hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.39 (1.01 to 1.92), P = 0.046; 30-day heart failure 1.65 (1.17 to 2.34), P = 0.005; and long-term cardiovascular mortality 1.49 (1.08 to 2.04), P = 0.014). Furthermore, one quartile higher syndecan-1 was also weakly but independently associated with long-term all cause mortality (1.26 (1.02 to 1.57), P = 0.034). Conclusions In STEMI patients treated with pPCI, catecholamines correlated weakly with biomarkers of endothelial damage, with the strongest correlations and highest adrenaline and syndecan-1 levels in patients with shock. Furthermore, adrenaline and syndecan-1 were weakly but independently associated with mortality and heart failure. Acute myocardial infarction appears to cause significant endothelial cell and glycocalyx injury and a parallel increase in circulating catecholamines.
Collapse
|
41
|
Tang L, Wang HF, Lu X, Jian XR, Jin B, Zheng H, Li YQ, Wang QY, Wu TC, Guo H, Liu H, Guo T, Yu JM, Yang R, Yang Y, Hu Y. Common genetic risk factors for venous thrombosis in the Chinese population. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:177-87. [PMID: 23332921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thrombosis is a major medical disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Little is known about the genetic background of venous thrombosis in the Chinese population. A total of 1,304 individuals diagnosed with a first venous thrombosis and 1,334 age- and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled in this study. Resequencing of THBD (encoding thrombomodulin) in 60 individuals with venous thrombosis and 60 controls and a functional assay showed that a common variant, c.-151G>T (rs16984852), in the 5' UTR significantly reduced the gene expression and could cause a predisposition to venous thrombosis. Therefore, this variant was genotyped in a case-control study, and results indicated that heterozygotes had a 2.80-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.88-4.29) increased risk of venous thrombosis. The THBD c.-151G>T variant was further investigated in a family analysis involving 176 first-degree relatives from 38 index families. First-degree relatives with this variant had a 3.42-fold increased risk of venous thrombosis, and their probability of remaining thrombosis-free was significantly lower than that of relatives without the variant. In addition, five rare mutations that might be deleterious were also identified in thrombophilic individuals by sequencing. This study is the largest genetic investigation of venous thrombosis in the Chinese population. Further study on genetics of thrombosis should focus on resequencing of THBD and other hemostasis genes in different populations.
Collapse
|
42
|
Maternal familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) confers altered haemostatic profile in offspring with and without FH. Thromb Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Thrombomodulin regulates keratinocyte differentiation and promotes wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1638-45. [PMID: 23321922 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The membrane glycoprotein thrombomodulin (TM) has been implicated in keratinocyte differentiation and wound healing, but its specific function remains undetermined. The epidermis-specific TM knockout mice were generated to investigate the function of TM in these biological processes. Primary cultured keratinocytes obtained from TM(lox/lox); K5-Cre mice, in which TM expression was abrogated, underwent abnormal differentiation in response to calcium induction. Poor epidermal differentiation, as evidenced by downregulation of the terminal differentiation markers loricrin and filaggrin, was observed in TM(lox/lox); K5-Cre mice. Silencing TM expression in human epithelial cells impaired calcium-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway activation and subsequent keratinocyte differentiation. Compared with wild-type mice, the cell spreading area and wound closure rate were lower in keratinocytes from TM(lox/lox); K5-Cre mice. In addition, the lower density of neovascularization and smaller area of hyperproliferative epithelium contributed to slower wound healing in TM(lox/lox); K5-Cre mice than in wild-type mice. Local administration of recombinant TM (rTM) accelerated healing rates in the TM-null skin. These data suggest that TM has a critical role in skin differentiation and wound healing. Furthermore, rTM may hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of nonhealing chronic wounds.
Collapse
|
44
|
Galea V, Triantafyllidi H, Theodoridis T, Koutroumbi M, Christopoulou-Cokkinou V, Kremastinos D, Anastasiou-Nana M, Lekakis J. Long-term treatment with ramipril favourably modifies the haemostatic response to acute submaximal exercise in hypertensives. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320312466125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Galea
- Haematology Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Triantafyllidi
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Matina Koutroumbi
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Kremastinos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Anastasiou-Nana
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John Lekakis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wei Y, Zhang X, Xu L, Yi S, Li Y, Fang X, Liu H. The effect of cigarette smoke extract on thrombomodulin-thrombin binding: an atomic force microscopy study. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:891-7. [PMID: 23108866 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Smoking can cause vascular endothelial dysfunction and consequently trigger haemostatic activation and thrombosis. However, the mechanism of how smoking promotes thrombosis is not fully understood. Thrombosis is associated with the imbalance of the coagulant system due to endothelial dysfunction. As a vital anticoagulation cofactor, thrombomodulin (TM) located on the endothelial cell surface is able to regulate intravascular coagulation by binding to thrombin, and the binding results in thrombosis inhibition. This work focused on the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on TM-thrombin binding by atomic force microscopy (AFM) based single-molecule force spectroscopy. The results from both in vitro and live-cell experiments indicated that CSE could notably reduce the binding probability of TM and thrombin. This study provided a new approach and new evidence for studying the mechanism of thrombosis triggered by cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shah SA, Ashavaid TF, Mankeshwar R, Ponde CK, Rajani R. Role of thrombomodulin gene in Indian population with coronary artery disease. Biomarkers 2012; 17:610-7. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.706642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
47
|
Thrombomodulin as a regulator of the anticoagulant pathway: implication in the development of thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2012; 23:1-10. [PMID: 22036808 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32834cb271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin is a cell surface-expressed glycoprotein that serves as a cofactor for thrombin-mediated activation of protein C (PC), an event further amplified by the endothelial cell PC receptor. The PC pathway is a major anticoagulant mechanism that downregulates thrombin formation and hedges thrombus formation. The objectives of this review were to review recent findings regarding thrombomodulin structure, its involvement in the regulation of hemostasis and further discuss the implication, if any, of the genetic polymorphisms in the thrombomodulin gene in the risk of development of thrombosis. We performed a literature search by using electronic bibliographic databases. Although the direct evaluation of risk situations associated with thrombomodulin mutations/polymorphisms could be of clinical significance, it appears that mutations that affect the function of thrombomodulin are rarely associated with venous thromboembolism. However, several polymorphisms are reported to be associated with increased risk for arterial thrombosis. Additionally studies on knock out mice as well studies on humans bearing rare mutations suggest that thrombomodulin dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial infraction.
Collapse
|
48
|
Dogra R, Das R, Ahluwalia J, Kumar RM, Talwar KK. Association of thrombomodulin gene polymorphisms and plasma thrombomodulin levels with acute myocardial infarction in north Indian patients. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 19:637-43. [PMID: 22734102 DOI: 10.1177/1076029612449900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study from north India that investigated the association of thrombomodulin (TM) polymorphisms with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 350 patients (≤ 40 years, n = 184 and ≥ 60 years, n = 166) and 350 matched-controls. The TM polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing. The TM 1418TT genotype (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.4; P = .012) was independent risk predictor of young AMI as were hypertension (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.8-5.9; P < .001), diabetes mellitus (OR 14.3; 95% CI 2.9-44.6; P = .001), smoking (OR 13.8; 95% CI 7.7-24.7; P < .001), family history (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.3; P = .045), high body mass index (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.6; P = .002), and high waist-hip ratio (OR 4.1; 95% CI 2.4-7.1; P < .001). Mean plasma TM also showed association with young AMI (P < .001). Smoking carriers of TM 1418CT + TT genotype had significantly higher risk of AMI (OR 12.8; 95% CI 6.0-27.3; P < .001) when compared with nonsmoking noncarriers. In conclusion, TM 1418C/T polymorphism is independent predictor of AMI and synergies with smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder Dogra
- 1Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Kuo et al have used recombinant lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin domain 1 (TMD1) to demonstrate the action of lectin-like domain in blocking Lewis Y antigen (LeY)–mediated angiogenesis and control of tumor growth.
Collapse
|
50
|
Conway EM. Thrombomodulin and its role in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:107-25. [PMID: 21805323 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal is to provide an extensive review of the physiologic role of thrombomodulin (TM) in maintaining vascular homeostasis, with a focus on its anti-inflammatory properties. Data were collected from published research. TM is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of all vascular endothelial cells. Expression of TM is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis and to ensure a rapid and localized hemostatic and inflammatory response to injury. By virtue of its strategic location, its multidomain structure and complex interactions with thrombin, protein C (PC), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), complement components, the Lewis Y antigen, and the cytokine HMGB1, TM exhibits a range of physiologically important anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-fibrinolytic properties. TM is an essential cofactor that impacts on multiple biologic processes. Alterations in expression of TM and its partner proteins may be manifest by inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Administration of soluble forms of TM holds promise as effective therapies for inflammatory diseases, and infections and malignancies that are complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Conway
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Blood Research (CBR), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|