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Yu Y, Martins LM. Mitochondrial One-Carbon Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6302. [PMID: 38928008 PMCID: PMC11203557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism provides carbon units to several pathways, including nucleic acid synthesis, mitochondrial metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and methylation reactions. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, characterised by impaired energy metabolism, and is potentially linked to mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here, we discuss the intersection between the molecular pathways linked to both mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism and Alzheimer's disease. We propose that enhancing one-carbon metabolism could promote the metabolic processes that help brain cells cope with Alzheimer's disease-related injuries. We also highlight potential therapeutic avenues to leverage one-carbon metabolism to delay Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yu
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - L. Miguel Martins
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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2
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A novel γ-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic pathway in Lentilactobacillus curieae CCTCC M 2011381T. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Lv J, Ye Y, Zhong Y, Liu W, Chen M, Guo A, Lv J, Ma H. Microbial diversity and functional genes of red vinasse acid based on metagenome analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025886. [PMID: 36312974 PMCID: PMC9611532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red vinasse acid has a distinct flavor and a vivid red color that are directly tied to the intricate metabolic activities of microorganisms that produce it. In this study, metagenomic technology was used to mine its functional genes and examine the microbial diversity of red vinasse acid. The findings revealed the identification of 2,609 species, 782 genera, and 63 phyla of microorganisms, and the dominant genus was Lactobacillus. Amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were significant activities among the 16,093 and 49,652 genes that were annotated in the evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, respectively. In gluconeogenesis, red vinasse acid encodes 194 genes controlling the transporter protein systems of different sugars and has key enzyme genes that catalyze the conversion of intracellular sugars into glycolytic intermediates. In amino acid flavor formation, red vinasse acid contains 32 control genes for branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT), 27 control genes for aromatic-amino-acid transaminase (ArAT), 60 control genes for keto acid invertase, 123 control genes for alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase, and 27 control genes for acetyl esterase, which have the basis for the formation of strong flavor substances from amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianman Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaolu Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukang Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ailing Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lv, ; Ailing Guo,
| | - Jun Lv
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lv, ; Ailing Guo,
| | - Huawei Ma
- Aquatic Preservation and Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, China
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4
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Gao C, Wang R, Zhang F, Sun Z, Meng X. The process monitors of probiotic fermented sour cherry juice based on the HS-GC-IMS. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Lang F, Wen J, Wu Z, Pan D, Wang L. Evaluation of probiotic yoghurt by the mixed culture with Lactobacillus plantarum A3. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Chen P, Chen X, Yu W, Zhou B, Liu L, Yang Y, Du P, Liu L, Li C. Ciprofloxacin stress changes key enzymes and intracellular metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum DNZ-4. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Guan C, Yuan Y, Ma Y, Wang X, Zhang C, Lu M, Gu R, Chen D. Development of a novel expression system in lactic acid bacteria controlled by a broad-host-range promoter P srfA. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:23. [PMID: 35168614 PMCID: PMC8845276 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latic acid bacteria (LAB) are exploited for development of gene expression system owing to its health promoting properties and a high degree of safety status. Most of the expression systems were constructed in Lactobacillus lactis with inducible promoters. It is necessary to exploit novel promoters to develop LAB host platforms which are indispensable in dairy and health application to satisfy the production demand of increased number of target-genes. Previously, promoter PsrfA had been displayed broad host range and used to construct auto-inducible expression system in B. subtilis and E. coli. In this work, the feasibility of PsrfA in LAB was estimated. RESULTS Plasmid with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) inserting downstream of PsrfA was transformed into L. casei 5257, L. plantarum 97, L. fermentum 087 and Weissella confusa 10, respectively. The recombinant strains grew well and displayed different fluorescence which could be detected by spectrophotometer and laser scanning confocal microscope. Moreover, the promoter activity was strain- specifically influenced by particular carbon and nitrogen sources. Heterologous laccase CotA could be expressed by PsrfA in L. casei 5257-05 and L. plantarum 97-06. By adjusting the pH value from 4.5 to 6.5 during incubation, the CotA activity detected from L. plantarum 97-05 and L. casei 5257-05 was increased by 137.7% and 61.5%, respectively. Finally, the fermentation pH was variably up-regulated along with the production of NADH oxidase which was controlled by the PsrfA and its derivative mutated with core regions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that PsrfA was valid for gene expression in different species of LAB. Moreover, PsrfA could be used as an attractive candidate for fine-tuning gene expression in a broad range of prokaryotic expression plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengran Guan
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shandong Yinfeng Life Science Research Institute, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maolin Lu
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixia Gu
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China.
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Nutritional and Volatile Characterisation of Milk Inoculated with Thermo-Tolerant Lactobacillus bulgaricus through Adaptive Laboratory Evolution. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122944. [PMID: 34945497 PMCID: PMC8701330 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, thermo-tolerant strain of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) was developed using gradual increase in temperature to induce Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE). Viable colony count of 1.87 ± 0.98 log cfu/mL was achieved at 52 °C, using MRS agar supplemented with 2% lactose. Changes in bacteria morphology were discovered, from rod (control) to filament (52 °C) to cocci after frozen storage (−80 °C). When milk was inoculated with thermo-tolerant L. bulgaricus, lactic acid production was absent, leaving pH at 6.84 ± 0.13. This has caused weakening of the protein network, resulting in high whey separation and lower water-holding capacity (37.1 ± 0.35%) compared to the control (98.10 ± 0.60%). Significantly higher proteolytic activity was observed through free amino acids analysis by LC-MS. Arginine and methionine (237.24 ± 5.94 and 98.83 ± 1.78 µg/100 g, respectively) were found to be 115- and 275-fold higher than the control, contributing to changing the aroma similar to cheese. Further volatile analysis through SPME-GC-MS has confirmed significant increase in cheese-aroma volatiles compared to the control, with increase in diacetyl formation. Further work on DNA profiling, metabolomics and peptidomics will help to answer mechanisms behind the observed changes made in the study.
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Fatani S, Saito Y, Alarawi M, Gojobori T, Mineta K. Genome sequencing and identification of cellulase genes in Bacillus paralicheniformis strains from the Red Sea. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:254. [PMID: 34548024 PMCID: PMC8456639 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellulolytic microorganisms are considered a key player in the degradation of plant biomass in various environments. These microorganisms can be isolated from various environments, such as soils, the insect gut, the mammalian rumen and oceans. The Red Sea exhibits a unique environment in terms of presenting a high seawater temperature, high salinity, low nutrient levels and high biodiversity. However, there is little information regarding cellulase genes in the Red Sea environment. This study aimed to examine whether the Red Sea can be a resource for the bioprospecting of microbial cellulases by isolating cellulase-producing microorganisms from the Red Sea environment and characterizing cellulase genes. Results Three bacterial strains were successfully isolated from the plankton fraction and the surface of seagrass. The isolated strains were identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis and showed strong cellulase activity. These results suggested that these three isolates secreted active cellulases. By whole genome sequencing, we found 10 cellulase genes from the three isolates. We compared the expression of these cellulase genes under cellulase-inducing and non-inducing conditions and found that most of the cellulase genes were generally upregulated during cellulolysis in the isolates. Our operon structure analysis also showed that cellulase genes form operons with genes involved in various kinds of cellular reactions, such as protein metabolism, which suggests the existence of crosstalk between cellulolysis and other metabolic pathways in the bacterial isolates. These results suggest that multiple cellulases are playing important roles in cellulolysis. Conclusions Our study reports the isolation and characterization of cellulase-producing bacteria from the Red Sea. Our whole-genome sequencing classified our three isolates as Bacillus paralicheniformis, and we revealed the presence of ten cellulase orthologues in each of three isolates’ genomes. Our comparative expression analysis also identified that most of the cellulase genes were upregulated under the inducing conditions in general. Although cellulases have been roughly classified into three enzyme groups of beta-glucosidase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase and exoglucanase, these findings suggest the importance to consider microbial cellulolysis as a more complex reaction with various kinds of cellulase enzymes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02316-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Fatani
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yoshimoto Saito
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Marine Open Innovation Institute (MaOI), Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mohammed Alarawi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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Muhialdin BJ, Meor Hussin AS, Kadum H, Abdul Hamid A, Jaafar AH. Metabolomic changes and biological activities during the lacto-fermentation of jackfruit juice using Lactobacillus casei ATCC334. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Suo F, Liu J, Chen J, Li X, Solem C, Jensen PR. Efficient Production of Pyruvate Using Metabolically Engineered Lactococcus lactis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:611701. [PMID: 33490054 PMCID: PMC7815928 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.611701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial production of commodity chemicals has gained increasing attention and most of the focus has been on reducing the production cost. Selecting a suitable microorganism, which can grow rapidly on cheap feedstocks, is of key importance when developing an economically feasible bioprocess. We chose Lactococcus lactis, a well-characterized lactic acid bacterium, as our microbial host to produce pyruvate, which is a commodity chemical with various important applications. Here we report the engineering of Lactococcus lactis into becoming an efficient microbial platform for producing pyruvate. The strain obtained, FS1076 (MG1363 Δ3 ldh Δpta ΔadhE Δals), was able to produce pyruvate as the sole product. Since all the competitive pathways had been knocked out, we achieved growth-coupled production of pyruvate with high yield. More than 80 percent of the carbon flux was directed toward pyruvate, and a final titer of 54.6 g/L was obtained using a fed-batch fermentation setup. By introducing lactose catabolism into FS1076, we obtained the strain FS1080, which was able to generate pyruvate from lactose. We then demonstrated the potential of FS1080 for valorizing lactose contained in dairy side-streams, by achieving a high titer (40.1 g/L) and high yield (78.6%) of pyruvate using residual whey permeate (RWP) as substrate. The results obtained, show that the L. lactis platform is well-suited for transforming lactose in dairy waste into food-grade pyruvate, and the yields obtained are the highest reported in the literature. These results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve sustainable bioconversion of waste products from the dairy industry (RWP) to valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Suo
- Division of Production and Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jianming Liu
- Division of Production and Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Production and Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xuanji Li
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- Division of Production and Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Jensen
- Division of Production and Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Hernandez-Valdes JA, Solopova A, Kuipers OP. Development of Lactococcus lactis Biosensors for Detection of Diacetyl. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1032. [PMID: 32523575 PMCID: PMC7261850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some secondary metabolites of fermentative bacteria are desired compounds for the food industry. Examples of these compounds are diacetyl and acetaldehyde, which are produced by species of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) family. Diacetyl is an aromatic compound, giving the buttery flavor associated with dairy products, and acetaldehyde is the compound responsible for the yogurt flavor and aroma. The quantification of these compounds in food matrices is a laborious task that involves sample preparation and specific analytical methods. The ability of bacteria to naturally sense metabolites has successfully been exploited to develop biosensors that facilitate the identification and quantification of certain metabolites (Mahr and Frunzke, 2016). The presence of a specific metabolite is sensed by the biosensors, and it is subsequently translated into the expression of one or more reporter genes. In this study we aimed to develop fluorescence-based biosensors to detect diacetyl and acetaldehyde. Since the metabolic pathways for production and degradation of these compounds are present in Lactococcus lactis, the sensing mechanisms in this bacterium are expected. Thus, we identified diacetyl and acetaldehyde responsive promoters by performing transcriptome analyses in L. lactis. The characterization of the biosensors showed their response to the presence of these compounds, and a further analysis of the diacetyl-biosensors (its dynamics and orthogonality) was performed. Moreover, we attempted to produce natural diacetyl from producer strains, namely L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis, to benchmark the performance of our biosensors. The diacetyl-biosensors responded linearly to the amounts of diacetyl obtained in the bacterial supernatants, i.e., the increases in GFP expression were proportional to the amounts of diacetyl present in the supernatants of L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis MR3-T7 strain. The biosensors developed in this study may eventually be used to engineer strains or pathways for increased diacetyl and acetaldehyde production, and may facilitate the detection of these metabolites in complex food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan A Hernandez-Valdes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Solopova
- School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Sharma A, Gupta G, Ahmad T, Kaur B, Hakeem KR. Tailoring cellular metabolism in lactic acid bacteria through metabolic engineering. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 170:105862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Liu CJ, Luo MY, Li QK, Deng G, Li XR, Yang E, Luo YY. Analysis of the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum YM-4-3: implications of suitable conditions for extending the shelf life of fermented soybean products. Food Funct 2019; 10:5282-5289. [PMID: 31465046 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum is typically used as a starter culture in salt-fermented foods. Here we report 3-4% NaCl reducing the antimicrobial activity of Lb. plantarum strain YM-4-3, owing to the decrease of bacterial growth, plantaricin activity and expression levels of plantaricin biosynthesis-related genes (PBGs). Meanwhile, 1% NaCl promoted slightly the growth of YM-4-3 and up-regulated the expression of PBGs to the greatest level. The results from a spoilage experiment of fermented soybean products revealed that the 1% NaCl and YM-4-3 treatment group had the longest shelf life representing the minimum number of pathogenic bacteria and the lowest degree of mildew. Therefore, a combination of Lb. plantarum with a low concentration of salt, such as 1% NaCl, is a recommended condition for preparing fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jian Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Ming-Yue Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Qiang-Kun Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Gang Deng
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - En Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Yi-Yong Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
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Effects of new technology on the current manufacturing process of yogurt-to increase the overall marketability of yogurt. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Ricciardi A, Zotta T, Ianniello RG, Boscaino F, Matera A, Parente E. Effect of Respiratory Growth on the Metabolite Production and Stress Robustness of Lactobacillus casei N87 Cultivated in Cheese Whey Permeate Medium. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:851. [PMID: 31068919 PMCID: PMC6491770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cheese whey permeate (WP) is a low-cost feedstock used for the production of biomass and metabolites from several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. In this study, Lactobacillus casei N87 was cultivated in an optimized WP medium (WPM) to evaluate the effect of anaerobic and respiratory conditions on the growth performances (kinetics, biomass yield), consumption of sugars (lactose, galactose, glucose) and citrate, metabolite production [organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)] and stress survival (oxidative, heat, freezing, freeze-drying). The transcription of genes involved in the main pathways for pyruvate conversion was quantified through Real Time-PCR to elucidate the metabolic shifts due to respiratory state. Cultivation in WPM induced a diauxic growth in both anaerobic and respiratory conditions, and L. casei N87 effectively consumed the lactose and galactose present in WPM. Genomic information suggested that membrane PTS system and tagatose-6-P pathway mediated the metabolism of lactose and galactose in L. casei N87. Respiration did not affect specific growth rate and biomass production, but significantly altered the pyruvate conversion pathways, reducing lactate accumulation and promoting the formation of acetate, acetoin and diacetyl to ensure the redox balance. Ethanol was not produced under either cultivation. Pyruvate oxidase (pox), acetate kinase (ack), α-acetolactate decarboxylase (ald), acetolactate synthase (als) and oxaloacetate decarboxylase (oad) genes were up-regulated under respiration, while L-lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), pyruvate formate lyase (pfl), pyruvate carboxylase (pyc), and phosphate acetyltransferase (pta) were down regulated by oxygen. Transcription analysis was consistent with metabolite production, confirming that POX-ACK and ALS-ALD were the alternative pathways activated under aerobic cultivation. Respiratory growth affected the production of volatile compounds useful for the development of aroma profile in several fermented foods, and promoted the survival of L. casei N87 to oxidative stresses and long-term storage. This study confirmed that the respiration-based technology coupled with cultivation on low-cost medium may be effectively exploited to produce competitive and functional starter and/or adjunct cultures. Our results, additionally, provided further information on the activation and regulation of metabolic pathways in homofermentative LAB grown under respiratory promoting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Ricciardi
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Zotta
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Rocco Gerardo Ianniello
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Floriana Boscaino
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Attilio Matera
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Ghasemi A, Moosavi-Nasab M, Setoodeh P, Mesbahi G, Yousefi G. Biosurfactant Production by Lactic Acid Bacterium Pediococcus dextrinicus SHU1593 Grown on Different Carbon Sources: Strain Screening Followed by Product Characterization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5287. [PMID: 30918296 PMCID: PMC6437191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on producing and characterizing a type of biosurfactant (BS) derived from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and its potential applications in pharmaceutical and food industries due to the preference of employing nonpathogenic organisms in bioprocesses. To this aim, several screening approaches were applied to identify an efficient BS-producing strain from a set of LAB, and Pediococcus dextrinicus SHU1593 was selected as the most operative one. The BS produced by P. dextrinicus was isolated and structurally characterized as a lipoprotein with an approximately equal ratio of lipids (~52% (w/w)) and proteins (47% (w/w)). It reduced the surface tension (ST) of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) from 72.80 ± 0.10 to 39.01 ± 0.32 mN/m. The results also indicated the potential of developing low-cost strategies aimed at the production of efficient LAB-derived BSs which are structurally and quantitatively similar to the ones obtained from conventional media. Finally, given the physical and functional characterization (i.e. critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsification index (%E24), stability, as well as antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activities) of the BS produced in the present study, it can be introduced as a promising candidate to be employed in plenty of areas in pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Ghasemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. .,Seafood Processing Research Group, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Payam Setoodeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mesbahi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Yousefi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhuang K, Jiang Y, Feng X, Li L, Dang F, Zhang W, Man C. Transcriptomic response to GABA-producing Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.2437T induced by L-MSG. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199021. [PMID: 29894506 PMCID: PMC5997328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system of mammals. A range of bacterial species can synthesize GABA, including Lactobacillus plantarum of which L-monosodium glutamate (L-MSG) is an inducer of its production. In order to synthesize GABA in high concentrations, L-MSG was utilized as the single inducing factor, a chemically defined medium (CDM) was used as the fermentation substrate, with L. plantarum CGMCC 1.2437T cultured in medium supplemented with or without L-MSG. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the differential genes expression of bacterial cells at 36 h of fermentation, where the GABA concentration of CDM with L-MSG reached the peak value and was 7.7 times higher than that of medium without L-MSG at the same timepoint. A total of 87 genes showed significant differential expression induced by L-MSG: of these, 69 were up-regulated genes and 18 were down-regulated. The up-regulated genes were assigned to biological processes and molecular function, while the down-regulated genes covered biological process, cellular process and molecular function. Interrogation of results using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, indicated carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism were closely associated with GABA synthesis induced by L-MSG. This study provides insights into L. plantarum-mediated GABA fermentation at the molecular level and will provide a new approach for further studies related to GABA production by the other Lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Dang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang W, He J, Pan D, Wu Z, Guo Y, Zeng X, Lian L. Metabolomics analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 adhesion activity under initial acid and alkali stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196231. [PMID: 29795550 PMCID: PMC5967736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion ability of Lactobacillus plantarum affects retention time in the human gastro-intestinal tract, as well as influencing the interaction with their host. In this study, the relationship between the adhesion activity of, and metabolic changes in, L. plantarum ATCC 14917 under initial acid and alkali stress was evaluated by analyzing auto-aggregation, protein adhesion and cell adhesion in vitro. Based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, the morphology of the bacteria became thickset and the thickness of their cell walls decreased under initial alkali stress. The fold changes of auto-aggregation, adhere to mucin and HT-29 cell lines of L. plantarum ATCC 14917 in the acid group were increased by 1.141, 1.125 and 1.156, respectively. But decreased significantly in the alkali group (fold changes with 0.842, 0.728 and 0.667). Adhesion-related protein increased in the acid group but declined in the alkali group at the mRNA expression level according to real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The changes in the metabolite profiles of L. plantarum ATCC 14917 were characterized using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray ionization-Quadrupole-Time of Flight-mass spectrometry (UPLS-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). In the alkali group, the content of a lot of substances involved in the energy and amino acid metabolism decreased, but the content of some substances involved in the energy metabolism was slightly increased in the acid group. These findings demonstrate that energy metabolism is positively correlated with the adhesion ability of L. plantarum ATCC 14917. The amino-acids metabolism, especially the amino acids related to pH-homeostasis mechanisms (lysine, aspartic acid, arginine, proline and glutamic acid), showed an obvious effect on the adhesion ability of L. plantarum ATCC 14917. This investigation provides a better understanding of L. plantarum's adhesion mechanisms under initial pH stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DDP); (ZW)
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DDP); (ZW)
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Lian
- Ningbo Dairy Group, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Zotta T, Parente E, Ricciardi A. Aerobic metabolism in the genusLactobacillus: impact on stress response and potential applications in the food industry. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:857-869. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zotta
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione-CNR; Avellino Italy
| | - E. Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - A. Ricciardi
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
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21
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Zotta T, Tabanelli G, Montanari C, Ianniello R, Parente E, Gardini F, Ricciardi A. Tween 80 and respiratory growth affect metabolite production and membrane fatty acids inLactobacillus caseiN87. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:759-769. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zotta
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione-CNR; Avellino Italy
| | - G. Tabanelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Sede di Cesena Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Sede di Cesena Italy
| | - R.G. Ianniello
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie; Forestali; Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - E. Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - F. Gardini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Sede di Cesena Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari; Alma Mater Studiorum; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Cesena Italy
| | - A. Ricciardi
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie; Forestali; Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
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Development of Synthetic Microbial Platforms to Convert Lignocellulosic Biomass to Biofuels. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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23
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Reale A, Ianniello RG, Ciocia F, Di Renzo T, Boscaino F, Ricciardi A, Coppola R, Parente E, Zotta T, McSweeney PL. Effect of respirative and catalase-positive Lactobacillus casei adjuncts on the production and quality of Cheddar-type cheese. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Kandasamy V, Liu J, Dantoft SH, Solem C, Jensen PR. Synthesis of (3R)-acetoin and 2,3-butanediol isomers by metabolically engineered Lactococcus lactis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36769. [PMID: 27857195 PMCID: PMC5114678 DOI: 10.1038/srep36769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential that lies in harnessing the chemical synthesis capabilities inherent in living organisms is immense. Here we demonstrate how the biosynthetic machinery of Lactococcus lactis, can be diverted to make (3R)-acetoin and the derived 2,3-butanediol isomers meso-(2,3)-butanediol (m-BDO) and (2R,3R)-butanediol (R-BDO). Efficient production of (3R)-acetoin was accomplished using a strain where the competing lactate, acetate and ethanol forming pathways had been blocked. By introducing different alcohol dehydrogenases into this strain, either EcBDH from Enterobacter cloacae or SadB from Achromobacter xylosooxidans, it was possible to achieve high-yield production of m-BDO or R-BDO respectively. To achieve biosustainable production of these chemicals from dairy waste, we transformed the above strains with the lactose plasmid pLP712. This enabled efficient production of (3R)-acetoin, m-BDO and R-BDO from processed whey waste, with titers of 27, 51, and 32 g/L respectively. The corresponding yields obtained were 0.42, 0.47 and 0.40 g/g lactose, which is 82%, 89%, and 76% of maximum theoretical yield respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that L. lactis is an excellent choice as a cell factory for transforming lactose containing dairy waste into value added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianming Liu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shruti Harnal Dantoft
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Kavitha S, Jeevaratnam K. Molecular Characterization of Lactobacilli Isolated fromPiper betleL. var. Pachaikodi and Comparative Analysis of the Antimicrobial Effects of IsolateLactobacillus plantarumKJB23 and Betel Leaves Extract. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2016.1166440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Zha M, Yu J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Bai N, Qin Y, Liangliang D, Liu W, Zhang H, Bilige M. Study on Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from Qula and associated characteristic of acetaldehyde and diacetyl in their fermented milk. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 61:50-6. [PMID: 26018501 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the lactic acid bacterial population of Qula cheese from the Gansu and Sichuan provinces of China were isolated and identified. Eight strains of Streptococcus thermophilus were isolated, of which five strains were selected for further characterization based on their fermentation properties. The changes in a number of parameters, including titration acidity, pH, viable counts, PrtS protease activity and the production of acetaldehyde, diacetyl and organic acid, were monitored during fermentation and the storage of fermented milks produced by the respective strain. All of the strains displaying acidifying capacity and all five fermented milks maintained high viable counts of S. thermophilus from fermentation to storage. Our study found that the changes in the monitored parameters were strain-specific and varied considerably among the five tested strains. Fermented milks produced by strain IMAU80809 had the highest concentration of acetaldehyde and were most favorable in the sensory evaluation. This study confirms that Qula cheese is a good source for isolating novel lactic acid bacterial strains with different fermentation properties, which will be very useful for further development and industrialization of traditionally fermented dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musu Zha
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry Education of China
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27
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Liu J, Dantoft SH, Würtz A, Jensen PR, Solem C. A novel cell factory for efficient production of ethanol from dairy waste. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:33. [PMID: 26925162 PMCID: PMC4768334 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustainable and economically feasible ways to produce ethanol or other liquid fuels are becoming increasingly relevant due to the limited supply of fossil fuels and the environmental consequences associated with their consumption. Microbial production of fuel compounds has gained a lot of attention and focus has mostly been on developing bio-processes involving non-food plant biomass feedstocks. The high cost of the enzymes needed to degrade such feedstocks into its constituent sugars as well as problems due to various inhibitors generated in pretreatment are two challenges that have to be addressed if cost-effective processes are to be established. Various industries, especially within the food sector, often have waste streams rich in carbohydrates and/or other nutrients, and these could serve as alternative feedstocks for such bio-processes. The dairy industry is a good example, where large amounts of cheese whey or various processed forms thereof are generated. Because of their nutrient-rich nature, these substrates are particularly well suited as feedstocks for microbial production. RESULTS We have generated a Lactococcus lactis strain which produces ethanol as its sole fermentation product from the lactose contained in residual whey permeate (RWP), by introducing lactose catabolism into a L. lactis strain CS4435 (MG1363 Δ(3) ldh, Δpta, ΔadhE, pCS4268), where the carbon flow has been directed toward ethanol instead of lactate. To achieve growth and ethanol production on RWP, we added corn steep liquor hydrolysate (CSLH) as the nitrogen source. The outcome was efficient ethanol production with a titer of 41 g/L and a yield of 70 % of the theoretical maximum using a fed-batch strategy. The combination of a low-cost medium from industrial waste streams and an efficient cell factory should make the developed process industrially interesting. CONCLUSIONS A process for the production of ethanol using L. lactis and a cheap renewable feedstock was developed. The results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve sustainable bioconversion of waste products from the dairy industry (RWP) and corn milling industry (CSLH) to ethanol and the process developed shows great potential for commercial realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liu
- />National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shruti Harnal Dantoft
- />National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Würtz
- />Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Sønderhøj 10-12, 8260 Viby J, Denmark
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- />National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- />National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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28
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Zhu D, Liu F, Xu H, Bai Y, Zhang X, Saris PEJ, Qiao M. Isolation of strong constitutive promoters from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis N8. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv107. [PMID: 26156144 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of heterologous proteins in Lactococcus lactis is strongly influenced by the promoter selected for the expression. The nisin A promoter is commonly used for induced expression of proteins in L. lactis, whereas few constitutive promoters (P45 and the weaker P32) have been used for protein expression studies. In this study, eight different putative strong constitutive promoters were identified through transcriptional analysis of L. lactis N8 and were investigated for their capability to drive nisZ gene expression with promoters P45 and P32 as control. Four strong promoters (P8, P5, P3 and P2) were identified as having a transcriptional activity that was higher than that of P45 through RT-qPCR and agar-diffusion experiments. In addition, these four promoters were fused to the erythromycin resistant gene (ermC) with promoter P45 as control and inserted into the backbone of the pNZ8048 vector. The transcriptional efficiencies of promoters P8, P5, P2 and P3 were all higher than promoter P45 based on the obtained MIC50 values and they all showed different activity levels. In conclusion, four strong constitutive promoters with a wide range of promoter activities were identified and are suitable for protein production in L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duolong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fulu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanling Bai
- College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Mingqiang Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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29
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Ferrer Valenzuela J, Pinuer LA, García Cancino A, Bórquez Yáñez R. Metabolic Fluxes in Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Review. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2015.1027913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Aunsbjerg S, Honoré A, Marcussen J, Ebrahimi P, Vogensen F, Benfeldt C, Skov T, Knøchel S. Contribution of volatiles to the antifungal effect of Lactobacillus paracasei in defined medium and yogurt. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 194:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Growth phase-dependent proteomes of the Malaysian isolated Lactococcus lactis dairy strain M4 using label-free qualitative shotgun proteomics analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:642891. [PMID: 24982972 PMCID: PMC3984853 DOI: 10.1155/2014/642891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is the most studied mesophilic fermentative lactic acid bacterium. It is used extensively in the food industry and plays a pivotal role as a cell factory and also as vaccine delivery platforms. The proteome of the Malaysian isolated L. lactis M4 dairy strain, obtained from the milk of locally bred cows, was studied to elucidate the physiological changes occurring between the growth phases of this bacterium. In this study, ultraperformance liquid chromatography nanoflow electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC- nano-ESI-MSE) approach was used for qualitative proteomic analysis. A total of 100 and 121 proteins were identified from the midexponential and early stationary growth phases, respectively, of the L. lactis strain M4. During the exponential phase, the most important reaction was the generation of sufficient energy, whereas, in the early stationary phase, the metabolic energy pathways decreased and the biosynthesis of proteins became more important. Thus, the metabolism of the cells shifted from energy production in the exponential phase to the synthesis of macromolecules in the stationary phase. The resultant proteomes are essential in providing an improved view of the cellular machinery of L. lactis during the transition of growth phases and hence provide insight into various biotechnological applications.
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Regulation of acetate kinase isozymes and its importance for mixed-acid fermentation in Lactococcus lactis. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:1386-93. [PMID: 24464460 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01277-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetate kinase (ACK) converts acetyl phosphate to acetate along with the generation of ATP in the pathway for mixed-acid fermentation in Lactococcus lactis. The reverse reaction yields acetyl phosphate for assimilation purposes. Remarkably, L. lactis has two ACK isozymes, and the corresponding genes are present in an operon. We purified both enzymes (AckA1 and AckA2) from L. lactis MG1363 and determined their oligomeric state, specific activities, and allosteric regulation. Both proteins form homodimeric complexes, as shown by size exclusion chromatography and static light-scattering measurements. The turnover number of AckA1 is about an order of magnitude higher than that of AckA2 for the reaction in either direction. The Km values for acetyl phosphate, ATP, and ADP are similar for both enzymes. However, AckA2 has a higher affinity for acetate than does AckA1, suggesting an important role under acetate-limiting conditions despite the lower activity. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and phospho-enol-pyruvate inhibit the activities of AckA1 and AckA2 to different extents. The allosteric regulation of AckA1 and AckA2 and the pool sizes of the glycolytic intermediates are consistent with a switch from homolactic to mixed-acid fermentation upon slowing of the growth rate.
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33
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Laëtitia G, Pascal D, Yann D. The Citrate Metabolism in Homo- and Heterofermentative LAB: A Selective Means of Becoming Dominant over Other Microorganisms in Complex Ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.510106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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From physiology to systems metabolic engineering for the production of biochemicals by lactic acid bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:764-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Metabolic engineering of Lactobacillus plantarum for succinic acid production through activation of the reductive branch of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Hess BM, Xue J, Markillie LM, Taylor RC, Wiley HS, Ahring BK, Linggi B. Coregulation of Terpenoid Pathway Genes and Prediction of Isoprene Production in Bacillus subtilis Using Transcriptomics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66104. [PMID: 23840410 PMCID: PMC3686787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoprenoid pathway converts pyruvate to isoprene and related isoprenoid compounds in plants and some bacteria. Currently, this pathway is of great interest because of the critical role that isoprenoids play in basic cellular processes, as well as the industrial value of metabolites such as isoprene. Although the regulation of several pathway genes has been described, there is a paucity of information regarding system level regulation and control of the pathway. To address these limitations, we examined Bacillus subtilis grown under multiple conditions and determined the relationship between altered isoprene production and gene expression patterns. We found that with respect to the amount of isoprene produced, terpenoid genes fall into two distinct subsets with opposing correlations. The group whose expression levels positively correlated with isoprene production included dxs, which is responsible for the commitment step in the pathway, ispD, and two genes that participate in the mevalonate pathway, yhfS and pksG. The subset of terpenoid genes that inversely correlated with isoprene production included ispH, ispF, hepS, uppS, ispE, and dxr. A genome-wide partial least squares regression model was created to identify other genes or pathways that contribute to isoprene production. These analyses showed that a subset of 213 regulated genes was sufficient to create a predictive model of isoprene production under different conditions and showed correlations at the transcriptional level. We conclude that gene expression levels alone are sufficiently informative about the metabolic state of a cell that produces increased isoprene and can be used to build a model that accurately predicts production of this secondary metabolite across many simulated environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky M. Hess
- Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tri-Cities, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- Chemical and Biological Signature Sciences Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Junfeng Xue
- Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tri-Cities, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ronald C. Taylor
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - H. Steven Wiley
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Birgitte K. Ahring
- Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tri-Cities, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bryan Linggi
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Q, Brashears MM, Yu Z, Ren J, Li Y, Zhao M. Effect of ultrafiltered fractions from casein on lactic acid biosynthesis and enzyme activity in yoghurt starter cultures. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mindy M. Brashears
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences; Texas Tech University; Lubbock; TX; 79409; USA
| | - Zhimin Yu
- School of Biological Engineering; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian; 116038; China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
| | - Yinjuan Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
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Papagianni M. Metabolic engineering of lactic acid bacteria for the production of industrially important compounds. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2012; 3:e201210003. [PMID: 24688663 PMCID: PMC3962192 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201210003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are receiving increased attention for use as cell factories for the production of metabolites with wide use by the food and pharmaceutical industries. The availability of efficient tools for genetic modification of LAB during the past decade permitted the application of metabolic engineering strategies at the levels of both the primary and the more complex secondary metabolism. The recent developments in the area with a focus on the production of industrially important metabolites will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papagianni
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
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Engineering the central pathways in Lactococcus lactis: Functional expression of the phosphofructokinase (pfk) and alternative oxidase (aox1) genes from Aspergillus niger in Lactococcus lactis facilitates improved carbon conversion rates under oxidizing conditions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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BOULARES MOUNA, AOUADHI CHEDIA, MANKAI MELIKA, MOUSSA OLFABEN, ESSID INES, HASSOUNA MNASSER. CHARACTERISATION, IDENTIFICATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PSYCHOTROPHIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ORIGINATING FROM TUNISIAN FRESH FISH. J Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2012.00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Recent advances in engineering the central carbon metabolism of industrially important bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:50. [PMID: 22545791 PMCID: PMC3461431 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the recent advances in engineering the central carbon metabolism of the industrially important bacteria Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Corynobacterium glutamicum, Streptomyces spp., Lactococcus lactis and other lactic acid bacteria. All of them are established producers of important classes of products, e.g. proteins, amino acids, organic acids, antibiotics, high-value metabolites for the food industry and also, promising producers of a large number of industrially or therapeutically important chemicals. Optimization of existing or introduction of new cellular processes in these microorganisms is often achieved through manipulation of targets that reside at major points of central metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle with the glyoxylate shunt. Based on the huge progress made in recent years in biochemical, genetic and regulatory studies, new fascinating engineering approaches aim at ensuring an optimal carbon and energy flow within central metabolism in order to achieve optimized metabolite production.
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Guo T, Kong J, Zhang L, Zhang C, Hu S. Fine tuning of the lactate and diacetyl production through promoter engineering in Lactococcus lactis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36296. [PMID: 22558426 PMCID: PMC3338672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a well-studied bacterium widely used in dairy fermentation and capable of producing metabolites with organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. For fine tuning of the distribution of glycolytic flux at the pyruvate branch from lactate to diacetyl and balancing the production of the two metabolites under aerobic conditions, a constitutive promoter library was constructed by randomizing the promoter sequence of the H2O-forming NADH oxidase gene in L. lactis. The library consisted of 30 promoters covering a wide range of activities from 7,000 to 380,000 relative fluorescence units using a green fluorescent protein as reporter. Eleven typical promoters of the library were selected for the constitutive expression of the H2O-forming NADH oxidase gene in L. lactis, and the NADH oxidase activity increased from 9.43 to 58.17-fold of the wild-type strain in small steps of activity change under aerobic conditions. Meanwhile, the lactate yield decreased from 21.15±0.08 mM to 9.94±0.07 mM, and the corresponding diacetyl production increased from 1.07±0.03 mM to 4.16±0.06 mM with the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratios varying from 0.711±0.005 to 0.383±0.003. The results indicated that the reduced pyruvate to lactate flux was rerouted to the diacetyl with an almost linear flux variation via altered NADH/NAD+ ratios. Therefore, we provided a novel strategy to precisely control the pyruvate distribution for fine tuning of the lactate and diacetyl production through promoter engineering in L. lactis. Interestingly, the increased H2O-forming NADH oxidase activity led to 76.95% lower H2O2 concentration in the recombinant strain than that of the wild-type strain after 24 h of aerated cultivation. The viable cells were significantly elevated by four orders of magnitude within 28 days of storage at 4°C, suggesting that the increased enzyme activity could eliminate H2O2 accumulation and prolong cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Nguyen TT, Mathiesen G, Fredriksen L, Kittl R, Nguyen TH, Eijsink VGH, Haltrich D, Peterbauer CK. A food-grade system for inducible gene expression in Lactobacillus plantarum using an alanine racemase-encoding selection marker. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5617-5624. [PMID: 21504147 DOI: 10.1021/jf104755r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Food-grade gene expression systems for lactic acid bacteria are useful for applications in the food industry. We describe a new food-grade host/vector system for Lactobacillus plantarum based on pSIP expression vectors and the use of the homologous alanine racemase gene (alr) as selection marker. A new series of expression vectors were constructed by exchanging the erythromycin resistance gene (erm) in pSIP vectors by the L. plantarum WCFS1 alr gene. The vectors were applied for the overexpression of β-galactosidase genes from L. reuteri L103 and L. plantarum WCFS1 in an alr deletion mutant of L. plantarum WCFS1. The expression levels obtained in this way, i.e. without the use of antibiotics, were comparable to the levels obtained with the conventional system based on selection for erythromycin resistance. The new system is suitable for the production of ingredients and additives for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Noreen N, Hooi WY, Baradaran A, Rosfarizan M, Sieo CC, Rosli MI, Yusoff K, Raha AR. Lactococcus lactis M4, a potential host for the expression of heterologous proteins. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:28. [PMID: 21518457 PMCID: PMC3101652 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many plasmid-harbouring strains of Lactococcus lactis have been isolated from milk and other sources. Plasmids of Lactococcus have been shown to harbour antibiotic resistance genes and those that express some important proteins. The generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status of L. lactis also makes it an attractive host for the production of proteins that are beneficial in numerous applications such as the production of biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical. In the present work, strains of L. lactis were isolated from cow's milk, plasmids were isolated and characterised and one of the strains was identified as a potential new lactococcal host for the expression of heterologous proteins. Results Several bacterial strains were isolated from cow's milk and eight of those were identified as Lactococcus lactis by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility tests that were carried out showed that 50% of the isolates had almost identical antibiotic resistance patterns compared to the control strains MG1363 and ATCC 11454. Plasmid profiling results indicated the lack of low molecular weight plasmids for strain M4. Competent L. lactis M4 and MG1363 were prepared and electrotransformed with several lactococcal plasmids such as pMG36e, pAR1411, pAJ01 and pMG36e-GFP. Plasmid isolation and RE analyses showed the presence of these plasmids in both M4 and the control strain after several generations, indicating the ability of M4 to maintain heterologous plasmids. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses also confirmed the presence of GFP, demonstrating the potential of heterologous protein expression in M4. Conclusions Based on the 16S rRNA gene molecular analysis, eight Gram-positive cocci milk isolates were identified as L. lactis subsp. lactis. One of the strains, L. lactis M4 was able to maintain transformed low molecular weight plasmid vectors and expressed the GFP gene. This strain has the potential to be developed into a new lactococcal host for the expression of heterologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Noreen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Lin YW, Mou YC, Su CC, Chiang BH. Antihepatocarcinoma activity of lactic acid bacteria fermented Panax notoginseng. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8528-8534. [PMID: 20681639 DOI: 10.1021/jf101543k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng was used as the medium for lactic acid bacteria fermentation to manufacture product with antihepatocarcinoma activity. The fermentation broth prepared in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask was found to possess antiproliferation activity against hepatoma Hep3B cells. At the dosage of 500 microg/mL, the viability of hepatoma Hep3B cells was approximately 2.2%. When the fermentation was scaled up to a 6.6 L fermenter, it was found that the fermentation broth produced at 37 degrees C for 2 days showed the highest antihepatoma activity. Animal study revealed that when Hep3B implanted SCID mice were treated with 1000 mg/kg BW/day of the fermentation broth, tumor volume and tumor weight were reduced approximately 60% as compared to the negative control group. HPLC analyses showed that saponins in P. notoginseng including notoginsenoside R(1) and ginsenosides Rg(1), Rb(1), Rd, and Rh(4) decreased, but ginsenosides Rh(1) and Rg(3) increased during fermentation. LC-MS/MS revealed that the minor saponins ginsenoside F(1), protopanaxatriol, and notoginseng R(2) also exist in the fermentation product. It appears that ginsenoside Rg(3), ginsenoside Rh(1), and protopanaxatriol are possibly responsible for the enhanced antihepatocarcinoma activity of the P. notoginseng fermentation broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Novel metabolites from cereal-associated lactobacilli – Novel functionalities for cereal products? Food Microbiol 2009; 26:712-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mazzio EA, Smith B, Soliman KFA. Evaluation of endogenous acidic metabolic products associated with carbohydrate metabolism in tumor cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2009; 26:177-88. [PMID: 19784859 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-009-9138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells have a high tolerance for acidic and hypoxic microenvironments, also producing abundant lactic acid through accelerated glycolysis in the presence or absence of O(2). While the accumulation of lactate is thought to be a major contributor to the reduction of pH-circumscribing aggressive tumors, it is not known if other endogenous metabolic products contribute this acidity. Furthermore, anaerobic metabolism in cancer cells bears similarity to homo-fermentative lactic acid bacteria, however very little is known about an alternative pathway that may drive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production independent of glycolysis. In this study, we quantify over 40 end-products (amines, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, or ketones) produced by malignant neuroblastoma under accelerated glycolysis (+glucose (GLU) supply 1-10 mM) +/- mitochondrial toxin; 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) to abate aerobic respiration to delineate differences between anaerobic vs. aerobic cell required metabolic pathways. The data show that an acceleration of anaerobic glycolysis prompts an expected reduction in extracellular pH (pH(ex)) from neutral to 6.7 +/- 0.006. Diverse metabolic acids associated with this drop in acidity were quantified by ionic exchange liquid chromatography (LC), showing concomitant rise in lactate (Ctrls 7.5 +/- 0.5 mM; +GLU 12.35 +/- 1.3 mM; +GLU + MPP 18.1 +/- 1.8 mM), acetate (Ctrl 0.84 +/- 0.13 mM: +GLU 1.3 +/- 0.15 mM; +GLU + MPP 2.7 +/- 0.4 mM), fumarate, and a-ketoglutarate (<10 microM) while a range of other metabolic organic acids remained undetected. Amino acids quantified by o-phthalaldehyde precolumn derivatization/electrochemical detection-LC show accumulation of L: -alanine (1.6 +/- .052 mM), L: -glutamate (285 +/- 9.7 microM), L: -asparagine (202 +/- 2.1 microM), and L: -aspartate (84.2 +/- 4.9 microM) produced during routine metabolism, while other amino acids remain undetected. In contrast, the data show no evidence for accumulation of acetaldehyde, aldehydes, or ketones (Purpald/2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-Brady's reagent), acetoin (Voges-Proskauer test), or alcohols (NAD(+)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase). In conclusion, these results provide preliminary evidence to suggest the existence of an active pyruvate-alanine transaminase or phosphotransacetylase/acetyl-CoA synthetase pathway to be involved with anaerobic energy metabolism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A& M University, Dyson Building-Room 104, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Patra F, Tomar S, Arora S. Technological and Functional Applications of Low-Calorie Sweeteners from Lactic Acid Bacteria. J Food Sci 2009; 74:R16-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Nagayasu M, Wardani AK, Nagahisa K, Shimizu H, Shioya S. Analysis of hemin effect on lactate reduction in Lactococcus lactis. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 103:529-34. [PMID: 17630124 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.103.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a facultative anaerobic microorganism that produces lactate as the major product, and acetate and acetoin as by-products; some strains of this species produce an antimicrobial compound, nisin. Lactate has a strong inhibitory effect on L. lactis growth. On the other hand, hemin has a suppressive effect on lactate production during L. lactis growth under aerobic condition. To achieve the optimum effect of hemin on lactate amount reduction in L. lactis ATCC11454, cultures entailing various conditions were performed with and without hemin. In the culture with hemin, L. lactis growth and lactate reduction improved compared with those in the culture without hemin; that is, lactate production was suppressed by 1.8- and 1.3-fold under batch and fed-batch cultures, respectively. In microaerobic fed-batch culture with hemin, lactate production was sufficiently suppressed. This result suggests that microaerobic fed-batch culture could be applied to the maintenance of the low lactate amount. Under this condition, metabolic shift was observed from lactate to acetoin and acetate. However, no increase in nisin production was observed even though lactate production could significantly decrease in L. lactis ATCC11454.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Nagayasu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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