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Atsakou AE, Remonatto D, Júnior RHM, Paz-Cedeno FR, Masarin F, Andrade GSS, de Lucca Gattas EA, de Paula AV. Synthesis of dietary lipids from pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo. L) oil obtained by enzymatic extraction: a sustainable approach. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:358. [PMID: 37822549 PMCID: PMC10562325 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the nutritional properties of dietary lipids obtained through the modification of aqueous enzymatically extracted pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo. L) oil. The optimal growth conditions for producing pectinase using strain Aspergillus sp. 391 were determined, and partial characterization of pectinase and commercial cellulase was conducted. The enzymatic extraction was performed at pH 4.0, 50 °C, for 24 h, using a combination of pectinase and cellulase for optimum effectiveness. The crude oil obtained was analyzed for acid, peroxide, and fatty acid composition. The study found a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid (C18:2), and a 59% oil recovery rate. Subsequently, this oil was subjected to enzymatic acidolysis with capric acid in solvent-free media, catalyzed by lipase Lipozyme RM IM®, resulting in a product with a higher incorporation degree (48.39 ± 0.5 mol%), observed after 24 h at 60 °C using molar ratio oil:acid capric of 1:9 (run 4). The nutritional properties of this oil were improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abra Eli Atsakou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | - Daniela Remonatto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | - Rodney Helder Miotti Júnior
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | - Fernando Roberto Paz-Cedeno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | - Fernando Masarin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
| | | | | | - Ariela Veloso de Paula
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP CEP 14800-903 Brazil
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Carvalho T, Pereira ADS, Bonomo RC, Franco M, Finotelli PV, Amaral PF. Simple physical adsorption technique to immobilize Yarrowia lipolytica lipase purified by different methods on magnetic nanoparticles: Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:889-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Tan H, Yang G, Chen W, Liu Q, Li K, Yin H. Identification and characterization of thermostable endo-polygalacturonase II B from Aspergillus luchuensis. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13133. [PMID: 31903633 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endo-polygalacturonase II B (PgaB) from Aspergillus luchuensis was orthologous to endo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger with mutant sites Thr42Ser and Glu52Ala. Mature pgaB gene was cloned from the genomic DNA of A. luchuensis and secreted expressed with over 90% purity in Pichia Pastoris and reached 1.0 g/L after 144 hr culture. The recombinant PgaB was further purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Using polygalacturonic acid (PGA) as substrate, the optimal condition for PgaB activity was 40°C and pH 4.5, respectively. Km and Vmax of PgaB were 0.19 mmol/l and 103.58 μmol min-1 mg-1 , respectively. The relative activity of PgaB remained more than 60% and 40% of maximum activity at 50 and 60°C for 7 hr. PgaB increased the light transmittance by 85% and showed high efficiency in juice clarification. The main product was galacturonic acid oligosaccharides with degrees of polymers (DP) 1-3. The PgaB is a potential pectinolytic enzyme in food industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Endo-polygalacturonase II B (PgaB) was identified from Aspergillus luchuensis, a filamentous fungus widely used in food and beverage fermentation in East Asia. PgaB still kept its most activity at 60°C for 7 hr. Polygalacturonic acid (PGA) can be digested effectively by the PgaB and the main products are galacturonic acid oligosaccharides with degrees of polymers (DP) 1-3. PgaB shows high efficiency in juice clarification. The PgaB is a potential pectinolytic enzyme for the applications in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tan
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Guojun Yang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qishun Liu
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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Ferreira MM, de Oliveira GF, Basso RC, Mendes AA, Hirata DB. Optimization of free fatty acid production by enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetable oils using a non-commercial lipase from Geotrichum candidum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1647-1659. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Kang DU, Lee YS, Lee JW. Construction of Escherichia coli BL21/A-53 producing histidine-tagged carboxymethylcellulase and comparison of its characteristics with CMCase without histidine-tag. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:167-175. [PMID: 30689537 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1566140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To enhance recovery yield of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), E. coli BL21/A-53 producing the histidine-tagged CMCase was constructed in this study. The recovery yield of the histidine-tagged CMCase using the His-tag affinity chromatography was 39.8%. The predicted molecular weight of the histidine-tagged CMCase was determined as 56,260 Da. Its Km and Vmax were 9.3 g l-1 and 76.3 g l-1·min-1, respectively. The histidine-tagged CMCase hydrolyzed avicel, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), filter paper, pullulan, xylan, but there was no detectable activity on cellobiose, p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). The optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction of the histidine-tagged CMCase was 50 °C and 5.0. The histidine-tagged CMCase was enhanced by CoCl2 until the concentration of 100 mM, but inhibited by EDTA, HgCl2, MnCl2, NiCl2, and RbCl2. The characteristics of the histidine-tagged CMCase produced by E. coli BL21/A-53 were compared with those of CMCase without the histidine-tag of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis A-53. The little changed characteristics of the histidine-tagged CMCase compared to the CMCase without a His-tag seemed to be the conformational change in the structure due to a His-tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Un Kang
- a Department of Applied Biology of Graduate School , Dong-A University , Busan , Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- b Department of Biotechnology , Dong-A University , Busan , Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- b Department of Biotechnology , Dong-A University , Busan , Korea
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Conjugation of Agrobacterium radiobacter epoxide hydrolase with ficoll: Catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1098-1105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ferreira MM, Santiago FL, Silva NA, Luiz JH, Fernandéz-Lafuente R, Mendes AA, Hirata DB. Different strategies to immobilize lipase from Geotrichum candidum : Kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Hernández C, Milagres AMF, Vázquez-Marrufo G, Muñoz-Páez KM, García-Pérez JA, Alarcón E. An ascomycota coculture in batch bioreactor is better than polycultures for cellulase production. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:467-478. [PMID: 29423709 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Efficient hydrolysis of holocellulose depends on a proper balance between cellulase (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase) and xylanase activities. The present study aimed to induce the production of cellulases and xylanases using liquid cultures (one, two, three, and four fungal strains on the same bioreactor) of wild strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum. The strains were identified by amplification and analysis of the ITS rDNA region and the obtained sequences were deposited in Genbank. Enzymes (endoglucanase, exoglucansae, β-glucosidase, and xylanase activities) and the profile of extracellular protein isoforms (SDS-PAGE) produced by different fungal combinations (N = 14) were analyzed by Pearson's correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA). According to our results, induction of endoglucanase (19.02%) and β-glucosidase (6.35%) were obtained after 4 days when A. niger and F. oxysporum were cocultured. The combination of A. niger-T. harzianum produced higher endoglucanase in a shorter time than monocultures. On the contrary, when more than two strains were cultured in the same reactor, the relationships of competition were established, trending to diminish the amount of enzymes and the extracellular protein isoforms produced. The xylanase production was sensible to stress produced by mixed cultures, decreasing their activity. This is important when the aim is to produce cellulase-free xylanase. In addition, exoglucanase activity did not change in the combinations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las culturas veracruzanas no. 101, colonia Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Adriane M F Milagres
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Escola de engenharia de Lorena (EEL), Universidade de São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho s/n - Pte Nova, Lorena, SP, 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología (CMEB), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Calle Morelia-Zinapecuaro Km 9.5, colonia La Palma, 58262, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Karla María Muñoz-Páez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Procesos Avanzados de Tratamiento de Aguas, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - José Antonio García-Pérez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán, Zona Universitaria, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Enrique Alarcón
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las culturas veracruzanas no. 101, colonia Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Boggione MJ, Mahl CR, Beppu MM, Farruggia B. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan membranes functionalized with amino acids and copper for adsorption of endoglucanase. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Virgen-Ortíz J, Ibarra-Junquera V, Escalante-Minakata P, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Osuna-Castro J, González-Potes A. Kinetics and thermodynamic of the purified dextranase from Chaetomium erraticum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Minireactor-based high-throughput temperature profiling for the optimization of microbial and enzymatic processes. J Biol Eng 2014; 8:22. [PMID: 25126113 PMCID: PMC4128537 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bioprocesses depend on a number of different operating parameters and temperature is one of the most important ones. Unfortunately, systems for rapid determination of temperature dependent reaction kinetics are rare. Obviously, there is a need for a high-throughput screening procedure of temperature dependent process behavior. Even though, well equipped micro-bioreactors are a promising approach sufficient temperature control is quite challenging and rather complex. Results In this work a unique system is presented combining an optical on-line monitoring device with a customized temperature control unit for 96 well microtiter plates. By exposing microtiter plates to specific temperature profiles, high-throughput temperature optimization for microbial and enzymatic systems in a micro-scale of 200 μL is realized. For single well resolved temperature measurement fluorescence thermometry was used, combining the fluorescent dyes Rhodamin B and Rhodamin 110. The real time monitoring of the microbial and enzymatic reactions provides extensive data output. To evaluate this novel system the temperature optima for Escherichia coli and Kluyveromyces lactis regarding growth and recombinant protein production were determined. Furthermore, the commercial cellulase mixture Celluclast as a representative for enzymes was investigated applying a fluorescent activity assay. Conclusion Microtiter plate-based high-throughput temperature profiling is a convenient tool for characterizing temperature dependent reaction processes. It allows the evaluation of numerous conditions, e.g. microorganisms, enzymes, media, and others, in a short time. The simple temperature control combined with a commercial on-line monitoring device makes it a user friendly system.
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Enhanced production of cellulose degrading CMCase by newly isolated strain of Aspergillus versicolor. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 104:199-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Optimization of cellulase production using Trichoderma reesei by RSM and comparison with genetic algorithm. Front Chem Sci Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-012-1225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Öztürk NÇ, Kazan D, Denizci AA, Erarslan A. The influence of copper on alkaline protease stability toward autolysis and thermal inactivation. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nurçin Çelik Öztürk
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute (GEBI); Marmara Research Center Campus (MRC); Gebze - Kocaeli; Turkey
| | - Dilek Kazan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering; Marmara University; Kadıköy-İstanbul; Turkey
| | - Aziz Akın Denizci
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK), Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute (GEBI); Marmara Research Center Campus (MRC); Gebze - Kocaeli; Turkey
| | - Altan Erarslan
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Biochemistry; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Kocaeli University; İzmit-Kocaeli; Turkey
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Saqib AAN, Farooq A, Iqbal M, Hassan JU, Hayat U, Baig S. A Thermostable Crude Endoglucanase Produced by Aspergillus fumigatus in a Novel Solid State Fermentation Process Using Isolated Free Water. Enzyme Res 2012; 2012:196853. [PMID: 22919467 PMCID: PMC3399398 DOI: 10.1155/2012/196853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus was grown on chopped wheat straw in a solid state fermentation (SSF) process carried out in constant presence of isolated free water inside the fermentation chamber. The system allowed maintaining a constant vapor pressure inside the fermentor throughout the fermentation process. Crude endoglucanase produced by A. fumigatus under such conditions was more thermostable than previously reported enzymes of the same fungal strain which were produced under different conditions and was also more thermostable than a number of other previously reported endoglucanases as well. Various thermostability parameters were calculated for the crude endoglucanase. Half lives (T(1/2)) of the enzyme were 6930, 866, and 36 min at 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C, respectively. Enthalpies of activation of denaturation (ΔH(D)*) were 254.04, 253.96, and 253.88 K J mole(-1), at 60°C, 70°C and 80°C, respectively, whereas entropies of activation of denaturation (ΔS(D)*) and free energy changes of activation of denaturation (ΔG(D)*) were 406.45, 401.01, and 406.07 J mole(-1) K(-1) and 118.69, 116.41, and 110.53 K J mole(-1) at 60°C, 70°C and 80°C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul A. N. Saqib
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Labs Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ansa Farooq
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Labs Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Iqbal
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Labs Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Jalees Ul Hassan
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Labs Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Umar Hayat
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Labs Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Shahjahan Baig
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Labs Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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Das A, Ghosh U, Mohapatra PKD, Pati BR, Mondal KC. Study on thermodynamics and adsorption kinetics of purified endoglucanase (CMCase) from Penicillium notatum NCIM NO-923 produced under mixed solid-state fermentation of waste cabbage and bagasse. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1103-11. [PMID: 24031934 PMCID: PMC3768859 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study, one thermostable endoglucanase was purified from Penicillium notatum NCIM NO-923 through mixed solid state fermentation of waste cabbage and bagasse. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 55kDa as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme had low activation energy (Ea) of 36.39KJ mol(-1) for carboxymethyl cellulose hydrolysis and the enthalpy and entropy for irreversible inactivation was 87 kJ mol (-1) and 59.3 J mol (-1) K(-1) respectively. The enzyme was quite thermostable with a Tm value of 62.2°C. The pKa1 and pKa2 of ionizable groups of the active sites were 2.5 and 5.3 respectively. Apparent Km, Vmax and Kcat of the enzyme were found to be 5.2 mg mL(-1), 80 U/gds and 322.4 sec(-1) respectively. The enzyme showed about 1.4 fold increased activity in presence of 10mM MgSO4. Adsorption of endoglucanase on Avicel at wide pH range was studied at different temperatures. Langmuir type adsorption isotherm at 10°C showed maximum adsorption strength of enzyme at pH 3.0, which was in a range of optimum pH of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Das
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore – 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Uma Ghosh
- Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Bikas Ranjan Pati
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore – 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Keshab Chandra Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore – 721102, West Bengal, India
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Diversity of cellulolytic microbes and the biodegradation of municipal solid waste by a potential strain. Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:325907. [PMID: 22518141 PMCID: PMC3299345 DOI: 10.1155/2012/325907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste contains high amounts of cellulose, which is an ideal organic waste for the growth of most of microorganism as well as composting by potential microbes. In the present study, Congo red test was performed for screening of microorganism, and, after selecting a potential strains, it was further used for biodegradation of organic municipal solid waste. Forty nine out of the 250 different microbes tested (165 belong to fungi and 85 to bacteria) produced cellulase enzyme and among these Trichoderma viride was found to be a potential strain in the secondary screening. During the biodegradation of organic waste, after 60 days, the average weight losses were 20.10% in the plates and 33.35% in the piles. There was an increase in pH until 20 days. pH however, stabilized after 30 days in the piles. Temperature also stabilized as the composting process progressed in the piles. The high temperature continued until 30 days of decomposition, after which the temperature dropped to 40°C and below during the maturation. Good quality compost was obtained in 60 days.
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18
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Shafique S, Shafique S. Kinetic study of partially purified cellulase enzyme produced by Trichoderma viride FCBP-142 and its hyperactive mutants. Microbiology (Reading) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261711020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Gautam SP, Bundela PS, Pandey AK, Khan J, Awasthi MK, Sarsaiya S. Optimization for the production of cellulase enzyme from municipal solid waste residue by two novel cellulolytic fungi. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:810425. [PMID: 21350668 PMCID: PMC3042683 DOI: 10.4061/2011/810425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to reduce the production cost of cellulase by optimizing the production medium and using an alternative carbon source such as municipal solid waste residue. In the present investigation, we aim to isolate the two novel cellulase producing fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp.) from municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste residue (4-5% (w/v)) and peptone and yeast extract (1.0% (w/v)) were found to be the best combination of carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of cellulase by A. niger and Trichoderma sp. Optimum temperature and pH of the medium for the cellulase production by A. niger were 40°C and 6-7, whereas those for the production of cellulase by Trichoderma sp. were 45°C and 6.5. Cellulase production from A. niger and Trichoderma sp. can be an advantage as the enzyme production rate is normally higher as compared to other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Gautam
- Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India
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20
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Singh RS, Saini GK, Kennedy JF. Covalent immobilization and thermodynamic characterization of pullulanase for the hydrolysis of pullulan in batch system. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Saqib AA, Hassan M, Khan NF, Baig S. Thermostability of crude endoglucanase from Aspergillus fumigatus grown under solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF). Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim BK, Lee BH, Lee YJ, Jin IH, Chung CH, Lee JW. Purification and characterization of carboxymethylcellulase isolated from a marine bacterium, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis A-53. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hussain A, Rashid MH, Perveen R, Ashraf M. Purification, kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of soluble acid invertase from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:188-194. [PMID: 19091583 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time kinetic and thermodynamic properties of soluble acid invertase (SAI) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) salt sensitive local cultivar CP 77-400 (CP-77). The SAI was purified to apparent homogeneity on FPLC system. The crude enzyme was about 13 fold purified and recovery of SAI was 35%. The invertase was monomeric in nature and its native molecular mass on gel filtration and subunit mass on SDS-PAGE was 28 kDa. SAI was highly acidic having an optimum pH lower than 2. The acidic limb was missing. Proton transfer (donation and receiving) during catalysis was controlled by the basic limb having a pKa of 2.4. Carboxyl groups were involved in proton transfer during catalysis. The kinetic constants for sucrose hydrolysis by SAI were determined to be: k(m)=55 mg ml(-1), k(cat)=21s(-1), k(cat)/k(m)=0.38, while the thermodynamic parameters were: DeltaH*=52.6 kJ mol(-1), DeltaG*=71.2 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS*=-57 J mol(-1) K(-1), DeltaG*(E-S)=10.8 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaG*(E-T)=2.6 kJ mol(-1). The kinetics and thermodynamics of irreversible thermal denaturation at various temperatures 53-63 degrees C were also determined. The half -life of SAI at 53 and 63 degrees C was 112 and 10 min, respectively. At 55 degrees C, surprisingly the half -life increased to twice that at 53 degrees C. DeltaG*, DeltaH* and DeltaS* of irreversible thermal stability of SAI at 55 degrees C were 107.7 kJ mol(-1), 276.04 kJ mol(-1) and 513 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Hussain
- Enzyme Engineering Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Liu P, Xia W, Liu J. The role of carboxyl groups on the chitosanase and CMCase activity of a bifunctional enzyme purified from a commercial cellulase with EDC modification. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Catalytic and thermodynamic characterization of endoglucanase (CMCase) from Aspergillus oryzae cmc-1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:483-97. [PMID: 18704277 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric extracellular endoglucanase (25 kDa) of transgenic koji (Aspergillus oryzae cmc-1) produced under submerged growth condition (7.5 U mg(-1) protein) was purified to homogeneity level by ammonium sulfate precipitation and various column chromatography on fast protein liquid chromatography system. Activation energy for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrolysis was 3.32 kJ mol(-1) at optimum temperature (55 degrees C), and its temperature quotient (Q (10)) was 1.0. The enzyme was stable over a pH range of 4.1-5.3 and gave maximum activity at pH 4.4. V (max) for CMC hydrolysis was 854 U mg(-1) protein and K (m) was 20 mg CMC ml(-1). The turnover (k (cat)) was 356 s(-1). The pK (a1) and pK (a2) of ionisable groups of active site controlling V (max) were 3.9 and 6.25, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters for CMC hydrolysis were as follows: DeltaH* = 0.59 kJ mol(-1), DeltaG* = 64.57 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS* = -195.05 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. Activation energy for irreversible inactivation 'E (a(d))' of the endoglucanase was 378 kJ mol(-1), whereas enthalpy (DeltaH*), Gibbs free energy (DeltaG*) and entropy (DeltaS*) of activation at 44 degrees C were 375.36 kJ mol(-1), 111.36 kJ mol(-1) and 833.06 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively.
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Kinetics and thermodynamics of a novel endoglucanase (CMCase) from Gymnoascella citrina produced under solid-state condition. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:515-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mohapatra BR, Douglas Gould W, Dinardo O, Papavinasam S, Koren DW, Winston Revie R. Effect of Immobilization on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Sulfide Oxidase fromArthrobacterSpecies. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 38:61-73. [DOI: 10.1080/10826060701774361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Karagulyan HK, Gasparyan VK, Decker SR. Immobilization of Fungal β-Glucosidase on Silica Gel and Kaolin Carriers. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 146:39-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
By far the largest proportion of the Earth's biosphere is comprised of organisms that thrive in cold environments (psychrophiles). Their ability to proliferate in the cold is predicated on a capacity to synthesize cold-adapted enzymes. These enzymes have evolved a range of structural features that confer a high level of flexibility compared to thermostable homologs. High flexibility, particularly around the active site, is translated into low-activation enthalpy, low-substrate affinity, and high specific activity at low temperatures. High flexibility is also accompanied by a trade-off in stability, resulting in heat lability and, in the few cases studied, cold lability. This review addresses the structure, function, and stability of cold-adapted enzymes, highlighting the challenges for immediate and future consideration. Because of the unique properties of cold-adapted enzymes, they are not only an important focus in extremophile biology, but also represent a valuable model for fundamental research into protein folding and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Bhatti HN, Rashid MH, Asgher M, Nawaz R, Khalid AM, Perveen R. Chemical modification results in hyperactivation and thermostabilization ofFusarium solaniglucoamylase. Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:177-85. [PMID: 17496965 DOI: 10.1139/w06-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of carboxyl groups of glucoamylase from a mesophilic fungus, Fusarium solani , was carried out using ethylenediamine as nucleophile in the presence of water-soluble 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. Modification brought about a dramatic enhancement of catalytic activity and thermal stability of glucoamylase. Temperature and pH optima of ethylenediamine-coupled glucoamylase (ECG) increased as compared with those of native enzyme. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) of native, ECG-2, ECG-11, and ECG-17 was 136, 173, 225, and 170, respectively, at 55 °C. The enthalpy of activation (ΔH*) and free energy of activation (ΔG*) for soluble starch hydrolysis were lower for the chemically modified forms. All of the modified forms werestable at higher temperatures and possessed high ΔG* against thermal unfolding. The effects of α-chymotrypsin and subtilisin on the modified forms were activating as compared with native. Moreover, denaturation of ECG-2, ECG-11, and ECG-17 in urea at 4 mol·L–1also showed an activation trend. A possible explanation for the thermal denaturation of native and increased thermal stability of ECG-2, ECG-11, and ECG-17 at higher temperatures is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 38040
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Bhatti HN, Rashid MH, Nawaz R, Khalid AM, Asgher M, Jabbar A. Effect of aniline coupling on kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Fusarium solani glucoamylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 73:1290-8. [PMID: 17031637 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purified glucoamylase (GA) from Fusarium solani was chemically modified by cross-linking with aniline hydrochloride in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) for 1 [aniline-coupled glucoamylase-1 (ACG-1)], 7 (ACG-7), and 13 min (ACG-13). The aniline coupling of GA had a profound enhancing effect on temperature, pH optima, and pK (a)'s of active site residues. The specificity constants (K (cat)/K (m)) of native, ACG-1, ACG-7, and ACG-13 were 136, 244, 262, and 208 at 55 degrees C for starch, respectively. The enthalpy of activation (DeltaH*) and free energy of activation (DeltaG*) for soluble starch hydrolysis were lower for the chemically modified forms compared to native GA. Proteolysis of ACGs by alpha-chymotrypsin and subtilisin resulted in activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
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Siddiqui KS, Poljak A, Guilhaus M, Feller G, D'Amico S, Gerday C, Cavicchioli R. Role of disulfide bridges in the activity and stability of a cold-active alpha-amylase. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:6206-12. [PMID: 16109962 PMCID: PMC1196145 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.17.6206-6212.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cold-adapted alpha-amylase from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis unfolds reversibly and cooperatively according to a two-state mechanism at 30 degrees C and unfolds reversibly and sequentially with two transitions at temperatures below 12 degrees C. To examine the role of the four disulfide bridges in activity and conformational stability of the enzyme, the eight cysteine residues were reduced with beta-mercaptoethanol or chemically modified using iodoacetamide or iodoacetic acid. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that all of the cysteines were modified. The iodoacetamide-modified enzyme reversibly folded/unfolded and retained approximately one-third of its activity. Removal of all disulfide bonds resulted in stabilization of the least stable region of the enzyme (including the active site), with a concomitant decrease in activity (increase in activation enthalpy). Disulfide bond removal had a greater impact on enzyme activity than on stability (particularly the active-site region). The functional role of the disulfide bridges appears to be to prevent the active site from developing ionic interactions. Overall, the study demonstrated that none of the four disulfide bonds are important in stabilizing the native structure of enzyme, and instead, they appear to promote a localized destabilization to preserve activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Siddiqui KS, Cavicchioli R. Improved thermal stability and activity in the cold-adapted lipase B from Candida antarctica following chemical modification with oxidized polysaccharides. Extremophiles 2005; 9:471-6. [PMID: 15999221 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-005-0464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the thermal stability (t(1/2)) and activity of lipase B from cold-adapted Candida antarctica (CALB), amino groups of the enzyme were chemically linked to a range of oxidized polysaccharides using a range of reducing agents. By chemically modifying CALB using 0.1% dextran (250 kDa) at pH 8.6 for 10 days using borane-pyridine complex as reducing agent, increased thermal stability (t(1/2), 168 min at 70 degrees C) and activity (65% higher specific activity) was achieved compared to the unmodified enzyme (t(1/2), 18 min at 70 degrees C). Improvements in thermostability were generally better with high molecular weight polymers such as dextran (40 and 250 kDa) or ficoll (70 and 400 kDa) in comparison to low molecular weight inulin (5 kDa). The shape of the polymer also appeared to be important with elongated, elipsoidal-shaped dextran providing better thermostabilization than spherical-shaped ficoll. Borane-pyridine complex was found to be a good, non-toxic reducing agent for improving thermostability, compared with sodium borohydride and sodium cyanoborohydride. An interesting finding was that, in all cases, specific activity of the modified enzymes increased with a concomitant increase in thermostability. This response defies the general principle of a trade-off between activity and stability, and demonstrates that chemical modification provides new avenues for improving the thermal stability of enzymes from psychrophiles without sacrificing their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
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