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Sun J, Li W, Liao H, Li L, Ni H, Chen F, Li Q. Adding sorbitol improves the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger and increases the conversion of hesperidin. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14055. [PMID: 34967461 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found the addition of sorbitol could improve the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger. When α-l-rhamnosidase with sorbitol was heat-treated at 60°C, 65°C, and 70°C, the half-life t1/2 increased by 28-, 18-, and 9-fold, respectively. Inactivation thermodynamic analysis showed that both Ea and ΔG≠ of α-l-rhamnosidase increased. Through the response surface methodology (RSM) analysis, the higher hesperidin conversion (63.26%) by α-l-rhamnosidase was attained with 0.7 M sorbitol at 60°C and pH 4.5 for 10 min. Furthermore, hesperidin could be completely hydrolyzed after 10 hr of reaction. Overall, the results indicated that the addition of sorbitol improved the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase and increased the enzymatic conversion of hesperidin to hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (HMG). It also provided a simple and efficient way to increase enzymatic conversion of other valuable flavonoid monomers due to the broad substrate specificities of α-l-rhamnosidase from A. niger. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (HMG), a derhamnosylation product of hesperidin, is considered as a synthetic precursor for novel and efficient sweeteners and is important in food, functional food, and nutraceutical industries. Compared to chemical hydrolysis methods, the enzymatic conversion of hesperidin is milder and has the advantages of high specificity. Adding sorbitol can improve the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase and increase the enzyme efficacy against hesperidin. This study gave more evidence that adding sorbitol could improve the thermostability of enzymes and provide a better choice for improving biotransformation potency of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Liao
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
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2
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Zhao H. What do we learn from enzyme behaviors in organic solvents? - Structural functionalization of ionic liquids for enzyme activation and stabilization. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107638. [PMID: 33002582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme activity in nonaqueous media (e.g. conventional organic solvents) is typically lower than in water by several orders of magnitude. There is a rising interest of developing new nonaqueous solvent systems that are more "water-like" and more biocompatible. Therefore, we need to learn from the current state of nonaqueous biocatalysis to overcome its bottleneck and provide guidance for new solvent design. This review firstly focuses on the discussion of how organic solvent properties (such as polarity and hydrophobicity) influence the enzyme activity and stability, and how these properties impact the enzyme's conformation and dynamics. While hydrophobic organic solvents usually lead to the maintenance of enzyme activity, solvents carrying functional groups like hydroxys and ethers (including crown ethers and cyclodextrins) can lead to enzyme activation. Ionic liquids (ILs) are designable solvents that can conveniently incorporate these functional groups. Therefore, we systematically survey these ether- and/or hydroxy-functionalized ILs, and find most of them are highly compatible with enzymes leading to high activity and stability. In particular, ILs carrying both ether and tert-alcohol groups are among the most enzyme-activating solvents. Future direction is to learn from enzyme behaviors in both water and nonaqueous media to design biocompatible "water-like" solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States.
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3
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Zhao H, Harter GA, Martin CJ. "Water-like" Dual-Functionalized Ionic Liquids for Enzyme Activation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15234-15239. [PMID: 31552369 PMCID: PMC6751713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
By mimicking the water structure to improve the enzyme activity, we designed imidazolium (Im)-based ionic liquids (ILs) functionalized with both ether and tert-alcohol groups (e.g., [CH3(OCH2CH2) n -Im-t-BuOH][Tf2N]). This unique combination of the "water-like" structure enabled very high transesterification (synthetic) activities for immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica, which are up to 2-4 folds higher than nonfunctionalized "classical" ionic liquids (such as [BMIM][Tf2N]) and up to 40-100% higher than diisopropyl ether and tert-butanol. Fluorescence emission spectra confirmed the general protein structural preservation in these tailored ionic solvents. In addition, functionalized ILs showed high thermal stabilities, which are comparable with diisopropyl ether but much higher than tert-butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado 80639, United States
| | - Glenn A. Harter
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado 80639, United States
| | - Caden J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado 80639, United States
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4
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Ooya T, Ogawa T, Takeuchi T. Temperature-induced recovery of a bioactive enzyme using polyglycerol dendrimers: correlation between bound water and protein interaction. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:701-715. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1434988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tooru Ooya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaya Ogawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Rani A, Venkatesu P. Changing relations between proteins and osmolytes: a choice of nature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20315-20333. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02949k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The stabilization and destabilization of the protein in the presence of any additive is mainly attributed to its preferential exclusion from protein surface and its preferential binding to the protein surface, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjeeta Rani
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
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6
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Ge L, Chen A, Pei J, Zhao L, Fang X, Ding G, Wang Z, Xiao W, Tang F. Enhancing the thermostability of α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus and the enzymatic conversion of rutin to isoquercitrin by adding sorbitol. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:21. [PMID: 28241810 PMCID: PMC5327507 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thermally stable α-L-rhamnosidase with cleaving terminal α-L-rhamnose activity has great potential in industrial application. Therefore, it is necessary to find a proper method to improve the thermal stability of α-L-rhamnosidase. Results In this study, addition of sorbitol has been found to increase the thermostability of α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus at temperatures ranging from 65 °C to 80 °C. Half-life and activation free energy with addition of 2.0 M sorbitol at 70 °C were increased by 17.2-fold, 8.2 kJ/mol, respectively. The analyses of the results of fluorescence spectroscopy and CD have indicated that sorbitol helped to protect the tertiary and secondary structure of α-L-rhamnosidase. Moreover, the isoquercitrin yield increased from 60.01 to 96.43% with the addition of 1.5 M of sorbitol at 70 °C. Conclusion Our findings provide an effective approach for enhancing the thermostability of α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus, which makes it a good candidate for industrial processes of isoquercitrin preparation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0342-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Anna Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China. .,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Xianying Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 58 Haichang South Road, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 58 Haichang South Road, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 58 Haichang South Road, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Feng Tang
- International centre for bamboo and rattan, 8 FuTong East Street, Beijing, 100714, China
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Buddhiwant P, Bhavsar K, Kumar VR, Khire JM. Phytase production by solid-state fermentation of groundnut oil cake by Aspergillus niger: A bioprocess optimization study for animal feedstock applications. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:531-8. [PMID: 26176365 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1045606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This investigation deals with the use of agro-industrial waste, namely groundnut oil cake (GOC), for phytase production by the fungi Aspergillus niger NCIM 563. Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to evaluate the effect of 11 process variables and studies here showed that phytase production was significantly influenced by glucose, dextrin, distilled water, and MgSO4 · 7H2O. The use of response surface methodology (RSM) by Box-Behnken design (BBD) of experiments further enhanced the production by a remarkable 36.67-fold from the original finding of 15 IU/gds (grams of dry substrate) to 550 IU/gds. This is the highest solid-state fermentation (SSF) phytase production reported when compared to other microorganisms and in fact betters the best known by a factor of 2. Experiments carried out using dried fermented koji for phosphorus and mineral release and also thermal stability have shown the phytase to be as efficient as the liquid enzyme extract. Also, the enzyme, while exhibiting optimal activity under acidic conditions, was found to have significant activity in a broad range of pH values (1.5-6.5). The studies suggest the suitability of the koji supplemented with phytase produced in an SSF process by the "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS) microorganism A. niger as a cost-effective value-added livestock feed when compared to that obtained by submerged fermentation (SmF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Buddhiwant
- a National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
- b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
| | - Kavita Bhavsar
- a National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
| | - V Ravi Kumar
- b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
- c Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
| | - Jayant M Khire
- a National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
- b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
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8
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Fernandez-Lopez L, Bartolome-Cabrero R, Rodriguez MD, Dos Santos CS, Rueda N, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilizing effects of cations on lipases depend on the immobilization protocol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18344h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of an additive on enzyme stability depends on the immobilization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nazzoly Rueda
- Departamento de Biocatálisis
- Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC
- Campus UAM-CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
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9
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Li Y, Miao M, Liu M, Jiang B, Zhang T, Chen X. Sorbitol counteracts high hydrostatic pressure-induced denaturation of inulin fructotransferase. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Lu Z, Ma G, Veinot JGC, Wong CS. Disruption of biomolecule function by nanoparticles: how do gold nanoparticles affect Phase I biotransformation of persistent organic pollutants? CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:123-32. [PMID: 23763865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The potential influence of nanoparticles on cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozyme mediated Phase I biotransformation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in vitro was investigated using citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) as the probe nanoparticle and compound, respectively. AuNPs affected the biotransformation activity of rat CYP2B1 and changed the atropisomeric composition of PCB 95, depending on the incubation time and the AuNP concentration. Electrostatic repulsion between citrate-coated AuNPs and rat CYP2B1 may influence the active conformation of the isozyme and consequently affect its activity and stereoselectivity. In addition, the effects of AuNPs on rat CYP2B1 activity also appeared to be through interference with the CYP catalytic cycle's electron transfer chain. Incubations with AuNPs had a decline in buffer conductance and an absorbance band red shift of AuNPs, from electrostatic interactions of K(+) with negatively-charged AuNP aggregates. These ionic strength changes affected the formation rate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which provides electrons for the oxidative reaction cycle, and the biotransformation activity and stereoselectivity of CYP. This study suggests that charged nanoparticles may be able to alter the functions of biomolecules directly, by electrostatic interaction, or indirectly, by changes to the surrounding ionic strength. These factors should be taken into account for further understanding and prediction of the environmental behavior and fate of POPs and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
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11
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Cantemir AR, Raducan A, Puiu M, Oancea D. Kinetics of thermal inactivation of catalase in the presence of additives. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Deive FJ, Alvarez MS, Sanromán MA, Longo MA. North Western Spain hot springs are a source of lipolytic enzyme-producing thermophilic microorganisms. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:239-50. [PMID: 22763779 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Several hot springs in Galicia (North Western Spain) have been investigated as potential sources of lipolytic enzyme-producing thermophilic microorganisms. After isolating 12 esterase producing strains, 9 of them were assured to be true lipase producers, and consequently grown in submerged cultures, obtaining high extracellular activities by two of them. Furthermore, a preliminary partial characterization of the crude lipase, obtained by ultrafiltration of the cell-free culture supernatant, was carried out at several pH and temperature values. It is outstanding that several enzymes turned out to be multiextremozymes, since they had their optimum temperature and pH at typical values from thermoalkalophiles. The thermal stability in aqueous solution of the crude enzymes was also assayed, and the influence of some potential enzyme stabilizing compounds was tested. Finally, the viability of the selected microorganisms has been demonstrated at bioreactor scale.
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14
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Li C, Wang L, Jiang Y, Hu M, Li S, Zhai Q. Activity and Stability of Chloroperoxidase in the Presence of Small Quantities of Polysaccharides: A Catalytically Favorable Conformation Was Induced. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1691-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Protein and DNA destabilization by osmolytes: The other side of the coin. Life Sci 2011; 88:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Tapingkae W, Tanasupawat S, Parkin KL, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W. Degradation of histamine by extremely halophilic archaea isolated from high salt-fermented fishery products. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Singh B, Satyanarayana T. Characterization of a HAP-phytase from a thermophilic mould Sporotrichum thermophile. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:2046-2051. [PMID: 19054669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The phytase of Sporotrichum thermophile was purified to homogeneity using acetone precipitation followed by ion-exchange and gel-filtration column chromatography. The purified phytase is a homopentamer with a molecular mass of approximately 456kDa and pI of 4.9. It is a glycoprotein with about 14% carbohydrate, and optimally active at pH 5.0 and 60 degrees C with a T(1/2) of 16h at 60 degrees C and 1.5h at 80 degrees C. The activation energy of the enzyme reaction is 48.6KJmol(-1) with a temperature quotient of 1.66, and it displayed broad substrate specificity. Mg(2+) exhibited a slight stimulatory effect on the enzyme activity, while it was markedly inhibited by 2,3-butanedione suggesting a possible role of arginine in its catalysis. The chaotropic agents such as guanidinium hydrochloride, urea and potassium iodide strongly inhibited phytase activity. Inorganic phosphate inhibited enzyme activity beyond 3mM. The maximum hydrolysis rate (V(max)) and apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) for sodium phytate were 83nmolmg(-1)s(-1) and 0.156mM, respectively. The catalytic turnover number (K(cat)) and catalytic efficiency (K(cat)/K(m)) of phytase were 37.8s(-1) and 2.4x10(5)M(-1)s(-1), respectively. Based on the N-terminal and MALDI-LC-MS/MS identified amino acid sequences of the peptides, the enzyme did not show a significant homology with the known phytases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110 021, India
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Roy S, Fortin M, Gagnon J, Ghinet MG, Lehoux JG, Dupuis G, Brzezinski R. Quantitative fluorometric analysis of the protective effect of chitosan on thermal unfolding of catalytically active native and genetically-engineered chitosanases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:975-84. [PMID: 17644457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have taken advantage of the intrinsic fluorescence properties of chitosanases to rapidly and quantitatively evaluate the protective effect of chitosan against thermal denaturation of chitosanases. The studies were done using wild type chitosanases N174 produced by Streptomyces sp. N174 and SCO produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). In addition, two mutants of N174 genetically engineered by single amino acid substitutions (A104L and K164R) and one "consensus" (N174-CONS) chitosanase designed by multiple amino acid substitutions of N174 were analyzed. Chitosan used had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 220 kDa and was 85% deacetylated. Results showed a pH and concentration-dependent protective effect of chitosan in all the cases. However, the extent of thermal protection varied depending on chitosanases, suggesting that key amino acid residues contributed to resistance to heat denaturation. The transition temperatures (T(m)) of N174 were 54 degrees C and 69.5 degrees C in the absence and presence (6 g/l) of chitosan, respectively. T(m) were increased by 11.6 degrees C (N174-CONS), 13.8 degrees C (CSN-A104L), 15.6 degrees C (N174-K164R) and 25.2 degrees C (SCO) in the presence of chitosan (6 g/l). The thermal protective effect was attributed to an enzyme-ligand thermostabilization mechanism since it was not mimicked by the presence of anionic (carboxymethyl cellulose, heparin) or cationic (polyethylene imine) polymers, polyhydroxylated (glycerol, sorbitol) compounds or inorganic salts. Furthermore, the data from fluorometry experiments were in agreement with those obtained by analysis of reaction time-courses performed at 61 degrees C in which case CSN-A104L was rapidly inactivated whereas N174, N174-CONS and N174-K164R remained active over a reaction time of 90 min. This study presents evidence that (1) the fluorometric determination of T(m) in the presence of chitosan is a reliable technique for a rapid assessment of the thermal behavior of chitosanases, (2) it is applicable to structure-function studies of mutant chitosanases and, (3) it can be useful to provide an insight into the mechanism by which mutations can influence chitosanase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roy
- Diversified Natural Products Research Laboratory, Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
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Zhao H. Viscosity B-coefficients and standard partial molar volumes of amino acids, and their roles in interpreting the protein (enzyme) stabilization. Biophys Chem 2006; 122:157-83. [PMID: 16690201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review systematically surveys the viscosity B-coefficients and standard partial molar volumes of amino acids at various temperatures as these data are quite important for interpreting the hydration and other properties of peptides and proteins. The effect of organic solutes and various ions on the viscometric and volumetric properties of amino acids has also been discussed in terms of their kosmotropic ('structure-making') effects on the hydration of amino acids. The comparison of these effects on the amino acid hydration enables us to have a better understanding of the influence of organic solute and salt on the protein stabilization. In addition, the viscometric and volumetric behaviors of amino acid ions (cations and anions) are also summarized because these ions have recently been incorporated as part of novel ionic liquids, which have wide applications in biocatalysis and protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
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22
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Boutaiba S, Bhatnagar T, Hacene H, Mitchell D, Baratti J. Preliminary characterisation of a lipolytic activity from an extremely halophilic archaeon, Natronococcus sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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SAMBORSKA K, GUIAVARC'H Y, VAN LOEY A, HENDRICKX M. THE THERMAL STABILITY OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE ALPHA-AMYLASE IN PRESENCE OF SUGARS AND POLYOLS. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2006.00062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effect of ions and other compatible solutes on enzyme activity, and its implication for biocatalysis using ionic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Noel M, Combes D. Rhizomucor miehei lipase: differential scanning calorimetry and pressure/temperature stability studies in presence of soluble additives. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Silva-Graça M, Neves L, Lucas C. Outlines for the definition of halotolerance/halophily in yeasts: Candida versatilis (halophila) CBS4019 as the archetype? FEMS Yeast Res 2003; 3:347-62. [PMID: 12748048 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1356(02)00200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida versatilis (halophila) CBS4019 was chosen to study the physiological reactions of long-term exposure to extremely high salt concentrations. In general, our results show a significant increase in enzyme expression during growth under stress conditions. Although glycerol and mannitol pathways are not under glucose repression, they were found to be metabolically regulated. Glycerol-3P-dehydrogenase used either of its cofactors NADPH or NADH, being in favor of NADPH during growth with high salt concentrations. This ability of interchanging cofactors, an increased fermentation rate, and the observed mannitol pathway activity are suggested to contribute to the yeasts' redox stability. Enzymes per se were not salt-tolerant in vitro. Consistently, intracellular sodium was low and intracellular potassium, a requirement for growth, was high. The concept of halophily and its applicability to yeasts is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Silva-Graça
- Department of Biology/Environmental Sciences Research Centre (CCA/B), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Ishibashi M, Sakashita K, Tokunaga H, Arakawa T, Tokunaga M. Activation of halophilic nucleoside diphosphate kinase by a non-ionic osmolyte, trimethylamine N-oxide. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:345-51. [PMID: 13678298 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025338106922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The folding and activity of halophilic enzymes are believed to require the presence of salts at high concentrations. When the inactivated nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) from extremely halophilic archaea was incubated with low salt media, no activity was regained over the course of 8 days. When it was incubated with approximately 2 M NaCl or 3 M KCl, however, it gradually regained activity. To our surprise, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) also was able to induce activation at 4.0 M. The enzyme activity and secondary structure of refolded NDK in 4 M TMAO were comparable with those of the native NDK or the refolded NDK in 3.8 M NaCl. TMAO is not an electrolyte, meaning that the presence of concentrated salts is not an absolute requirement, and that charge shielding or ion binding is not a sole factor for the folding and activation of NDK. Although both NaCl and TMAO are effective in refolding NDK, the mechanism of their actions appears to be different: the effect of protein concentration and pH on refolding is qualitatively different between these two, and at pH 8.0 NDK could be refolded in the presence of 4 M TMAO only when low concentrations of NaCl are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsujiro Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Athès V, Guerra P, Combes D. Effect of soluble additives on enzyme thermo- and/or baro-deactivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Obón JM, Manjón A, Iborra JL. Retention and regeneration of native NAD(H) in noncharged ultrafiltration membrane reactors: application to L-lactate and gluconate production. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998; 57:510-7. [PMID: 10099229 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980305)57:5<510::aid-bit2>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
NAD(H) was retained in a noncharged ultrafiltration membrane reactor for the simultaneous and continuous production of L-lactate and gluconate with coenzyme regeneration. Polyethyleneimine (PEI), a 50-kDa cationic polymer, achieved coenzyme retentions above 0.8 for PEI/NAD(H) molar ratios higher than 5. The ionic strength of the inlet medium caused a decrease of NAD(H) retention that can be counterbalanced by an initial addition of 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Continuous reactor performance in the presence of PEI and BSA showed that NAD(H), glucose dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase were retained by 10-kDa ultrafiltration membranes; L-lactate and gluconate were produced at conversions higher than 95%. PEI enhanced the thermal stability of the enzymes used and increased the catalytic efficiency of glucose dehydrogenase, while no effect was found on the kinetic parameters of lactate dehydrogenase. A model that implements the kinetic equations of the two enzymes describes the reactor behavior satisfactorily. In brief, the use of PEI to retain NAD(H) is a new interesting approach to be widely applied in continuous synthesis with the large number of known dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Obón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. Correos 4021, 30001, Murcia, Spain
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