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Hernández-Pinto FJ, Miranda-Medina JD, Natera-Maldonado A, Vara-Aldama Ó, Ortueta-Cabranes MP, Vázquez Del Mercado-Pardiño JA, El-Aidie SAM, Siddiqui SA, Castro-Muñoz R. Arabinoxylans: A review on protocols for their recovery, functionalities and roles in food formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129309. [PMID: 38216021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are compounds with high nutritional value and applicability, including prebiotics or supplementary ingredients, in food manufacturing industries. Unfortunately, the recovery of AXs may require advanced separation and integrated strategies. Here, an analysis of the emerging techniques to extract AXs from cereals and their by-products is discussed. This review covers distinct methods implemented over the last 2-3 years, identifying that the type of method, extraction source, AX physicochemical properties and pre-treatment conditions are the main factors influencing the recovery yield. Alkaline extraction is among the most used methods nowadays, mostly due to its simplicity and high recovery yield. Concurrently, recovered AXs applied in food applications is timely reviewed, such as potential bread ingredient, prebiotic and as a wall material for probiotic encapsulation, in beer and non-alcoholic beverage manufacturing, complementary ingredient in bakery products and cookies, improvers in Chinese noodles, 3D food printing and designing of nanostructures for delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Jimena Hernández-Pinto
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro. Av. Epigmenio González 500, Tecnológico, 76130 Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Juan Daniel Miranda-Medina
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Abril Natera-Maldonado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Chihuahua, Av. H Colegio Militar 4700, Nombre de Dios, Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico
| | - Óscar Vara-Aldama
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey. Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501 Sur, Tecnológico, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Mary Pily Ortueta-Cabranes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey. Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501 Sur, Tecnológico, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | | | - Safaa A M El-Aidie
- Dairy Technology Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany; German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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Rahman AM, Rahman TT, Pei Z, Ufodike CO, Lee J, Elwany A. Additive Manufacturing Using Agriculturally Derived Biowastes: A Systematic Literature Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:845. [PMID: 37508872 PMCID: PMC10376353 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculturally derived biowastes can be transformed into a diverse range of materials, including powders, fibers, and filaments, which can be used in additive manufacturing methods. This review study reports a study that analyzes the existing literature on the development of novel materials from agriculturally derived biowastes for additive manufacturing methods. A review was conducted of 57 selected publications since 2016 covering various agriculturally derived biowastes, different additive manufacturing methods, and potential large-scale applications of additive manufacturing using these materials. Wood, fish, and algal cultivation wastes were also included in the broader category of agriculturally derived biowastes. Further research and development are required to optimize the use of agriculturally derived biowastes for additive manufacturing, particularly with regard to material innovation, improving print quality and mechanical properties, as well as exploring large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Mazedur Rahman
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Taieba Tuba Rahman
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zhijian Pei
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chukwuzubelu Okenwa Ufodike
- Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jaesung Lee
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alaa Elwany
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Yağcı S, Sutay Kocabaş D, Çalışkan R, Özbek HN. Statistical investigation of the bioprocess conditions of alkali combined twin-screw extrusion pretreatment to enhance fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of bulgur bran. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4770-4779. [PMID: 35218014 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulgur bran (BB) is a potential source for the production of value-added products such as fermentable sugars and xylooligosaccharides (XOs). In this study, alkali combined twin-screw extrusion pretreatment was performed and statistically optimized to enhance fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of BB. The pretreatment conditions (barrel temperature, screw speed and alkali impregnation) were optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD) to obtain the highest hemicellulose separation from BB. The obtained fractions were analyzed for the production of fermentable sugars and XOs. RESULTS The results revealed that twin-screw extrusion of BB performed at 67 °C barrel temperature and 250 rpm screw speed after alkali impregnation at 0.02 g alkali g-1 biomass concentration provided 40.4% higher hemicellulose separation yield compared to the untreated BB. Alkali combined twin-screw extrusion pretreatment increased the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of BB fourfold, whereas a 13-fold increase was achieved after the separation of hemicellulose from pretreated BB. Xylose (X1)-free xylobiose (X2) was the main product after xylanase hydrolysis of hemicellulose fraction. SEM images confirmed the morphological modifications in BB, which were in agreement with the enhanced fractionation performance and the higher enzymatic hydrolysis yield. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that pretreatment by alkali combined twin-screw extrusion followed by alkali extraction could be a reliable and effective process for fractionation of BB and production of fermentable sugars and XOs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yağcı
- Department of Food Engineering, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Didem Sutay Kocabaş
- Department of Food Engineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Çalışkan
- Department of Food Engineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Hatice Neval Özbek
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Sapna I, Jayadeep A. Role of endoxylanase and its concentrations in enhancing the nutraceutical components and bioactivities of red rice bran. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Martins M, Silva KCG, Ávila PF, Sato ACK, Goldbeck R. Xylo-oligosaccharide microparticles with synbiotic potential obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane straw. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109827. [PMID: 33648164 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Synbiotic formulations and microencapsulation techniques have been explored in food industries to guarantee the viability of probiotic organisms; playing an important role in microbiota balance. Microparticles of alginate, gelatin and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) were produced by external gelation with the purpose of enhancing the survival rate of the probiotic L. acidophilus. XOS was obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan extracted from sugarcane straw, achieving more than 70% conversion and used for microparticle preparation. Microparticles containing 3% XOS provided greater cell protection during exposure to the gastrointestinal tract and during refrigerated storage; keeping 97.86 ± 0.44% of viability during 28 days of storage and enabling 87.50 ± 0.02% survival after digestive simulation. However, particles without XOS showed 84.49 ± 0.59% of viability after storage and 68.45 ± 0.03% after digestion assay. These results lead to promising applications in synbiotic and functional food formulations comprised of components requiring extended shelf-life, protection from gastrointestinal conditions and gradual bioactive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Martins
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristina Guedes Silva
- Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Félix Ávila
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Kawazoe Sato
- Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Goldbeck
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Baker JT, Duarte ME, Holanda DM, Kim SW. Friend or Foe? Impacts of Dietary Xylans, Xylooligosaccharides, and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:609. [PMID: 33652614 PMCID: PMC7996850 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the structural difference and role of xylan, procedures involved in the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and their implementation into animal feeds. Xylan is non-starch polysaccharides that share a β-(1-4)-linked xylopyranose backbone as a common feature. Due to the myriad of residues that can be substituted on the polymers within the xylan family, more anti-nutritional factors are associated with certain types of xylan than others. XOS are sugar oligomers extracted from xylan-containing lignocellulosic materials, such as crop residues, wood, and herbaceous biomass, that possess prebiotic effects. XOS can also be produced in the intestine of monogastric animals to some extent when exogenous enzymes, such as xylanase, are added to the feed. Xylanase supplementation is a common practice within both swine and poultry production to reduce intestinal viscosity and improve digestive utilization of nutrients. The efficacy of xylanase supplementation varies widely due a number of factors, one of which being the presence of xylanase inhibitors present in common feedstuffs. The use of prebiotics in animal feeding is gaining popularity as producers look to accelerate growth rate, enhance intestinal health, and improve other production parameters in an attempt to provide a safe and sustainable food product. Available research on the impact of xylan, XOS, as well as xylanase on the growth and health of swine and poultry, is also summarized. The response to xylanase supplementation in swine and poultry feeds is highly variable and whether the benefits are a result of nutrient release from NSP, reduction in digesta viscosity, production of short chain xylooligosaccharides or a combination of these is still in question. XOS supplementation seems to benefit both swine and poultry at various stages of production, as well as varying levels of XOS purity and degree of polymerization; however, further research is needed to elucidate the ideal dosage, purity, and degree of polymerization needed to confer benefits on intestinal health and performance in each respective species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.T.B.); (M.E.D.); (D.M.H.)
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Khaire KC, Moholkar VS, Goyal A. Separation and characterization of cellulose from sugarcane tops and its saccharification by recombinant cellulolytic enzymes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:811-820. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1861011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayanand Suryakant Moholkar
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Arun Goyal
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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8
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Sharma K, Morla S, Khaire KC, Thakur A, Moholkar VS, Kumar S, Goyal A. Extraction, characterization of xylan from Azadirachta indica (neem) sawdust and production of antiproliferative xylooligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1897-1907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Sutay Kocabaş D, Köle M, Yağcı S. Development and optimization of hemicellulose extraction bioprocess from poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) stalks assisted by instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) pretreatment. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Ávila PF, Martins M, de Almeida Costa FA, Goldbeck R. Xylooligosaccharides production by commercial enzyme mixture from agricultural wastes and their prebiotic and antioxidant potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2020.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Martins M, Ávila PF, Paim de Andrade CC, Goldbeck R. Synergic recombinant enzyme association to optimize xylo-oligosaccharides production from agricultural waste. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Sharma K, Khaire KC, Thakur A, Moholkar VS, Goyal A. Acacia Xylan as a Substitute for Commercially Available Xylan and Its Application in the Production of Xylooligosaccharides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13729-13738. [PMID: 32566838 PMCID: PMC7301597 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, birchwood and beechwood xylans have been used as a popular substrate for the characterization of xylanases. Recently, major companies have discontinued their commercial production. Therefore, there is a need to find an alternative to these substrates. Xylan extraction from Acacia sawdust resulted in 23.5% (w/w) yield. The extracted xylan is composed of xylose and glucuronic acid residues in a molar ratio of 6:1 with a molecular mass of ∼70 kDa. The specific optical rotation analysis of extracted xylan displayed that it is composed of the d-form of xylose and glucuronic acid monomeric sugars. The nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of extracted xylan revealed that the xylan backbone is substituted with 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid at the O2 position. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the absence of lignin contamination in the extracted xylan. Xylanase from Clostridium thermocellum displayed the enzyme activity of 1761 U/mg against extracted xylan, and the corresponding activity against beechwood xylan was 1556 U/mg, which confirmed that the extracted xylan could be used as an alternative substrate for the characterization of xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Sharma
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kaustubh Chandrakant Khaire
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Abhijeet Thakur
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vijayanand Suryakant Moholkar
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Arun Goyal
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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13
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Ávila PF, Franco Cairo JPL, Damasio A, Forte MB, Goldbeck R. Xylooligosaccharides production from a sugarcane biomass mixture: Effects of commercial enzyme combinations on bagasse/straw hydrolysis pretreated using different strategies. Food Res Int 2020; 128:108702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Noorshamsiana AW, Nor Faizah J, Kamarudin H, Nur Eliyanti AO, Fatiha I, Astimar AA. Integrated production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides and high value cellulose from oil palm biomass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/736/2/022044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre, which is the byproduct of fruits being stripped from the fresh fruit bunch in palm oil mill, was evaluated in terms of the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOs) and the solid residue was treated for cellulose recovery. Chemoenzymatic hydrolysis that consists of chemical fractionation of OPEFB fibre to isolate xylan with further enzymatic hydrolysis to XOs in a packed bed column reactor (PBCR) was performed. An immobilised xylanase of Thermomyces lanuginosus at the concentration of 8.25 fungal xylanase unit wheat/mililitre (FXUW mL−1) was employed on a PBCR to hydrolyse the xylan at 55 °C and pH 5.5. The yields of XOs are composed of xylopentaose, xylotetraose, xylotriose and xylobiose, successfully produced from the OPEFB-xylan, shown in HPLC analysis with the total production of 8,776 mg/L and the immobilised xylanase can be recycled up to six enzymatic treatment cycles. The solid residue generated from the xylan extraction was further treated with mild concentration of bleaching agents of 20% (v/v) formic acid and 5% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide at 85 °C. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the products obtained have the standard cellulose structure and functional group. Further analyses on the properties of the extracted cellulose in terms of crystallinity, thermal stability and morphology were conducted. The integrated process to produce XOs from OPEFB and recover cellulose from its byproduct is sustainable to extract fine chemicals from OPEFB.
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Qin Z, Lin S, Qiu Y, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhao L. One-step immobilization-purification of enzymes by carbohydrate-binding module family 56 tag fusion. Food Chem 2019; 299:125037. [PMID: 31279128 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes is an essential strategy with outstanding prospects in biocatalytic processes. Nontoxic, inexpensive immobilized enzyme approach is especially important for food enzymes. We here demonstrate that a carbohydrate-binding module family 56 domain (CBM56-Tag) mediates the immobilization of fusion enzymes with the curdlan (β-1,3-glucan) particle support, thereby enabling the one-step immobilization-purification of target enzymes. CBM56-Tag exhibits an immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich fold, which can be adsorbed by curdlan via hydrogen bond-mediated binding. The maximum adsorption capacity of a fusion chitosanase (CBM56-GsCsn46A) on curdlan is 50.72 mg/g. The immobilized enzyme could be directly used in the packed-bed reactor. This immobilization strategy utilizes a natural polysaccharide without any treatment, avoiding the negative environmental effects. Moreover, the one step immobilization-purification simplifies the purification step, which reduces the use of chemicals. Our study provides a nontoxic and inexpensive immobilization strategy for the biocatalytic reaction in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Si Lin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongjun Qiu
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiming Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jiachun Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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16
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Li L, Qu M, Liu C, Xu L, Pan K, Song X, OuYang K, Li Y, Zhao X. Expression of a Recombinant Lentinula edodes Xylanase by Pichia pastoris and Its Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Community in in vitro Incubation of Agricultural Straws. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2944. [PMID: 30555451 PMCID: PMC6283887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural straws, such as rice straw, wheat straw, and corn straw, are produced abundantly every year but not utilized efficiently in China. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of recombinant xylanase on ruminal fermentation and microbial community structure in in vitro incubation of these straws. The recombinant xylanase from Lentinula edodes (rLeXyn11A) was produced in Pichia pastoris. The optimal temperature and pH for rLeXyn11A were 40°C and 4.0, respectively. The rLeXyn11A featured resistance to high temperature and showed broad temperature adaptability (>50% of the maximum activity at 20-80°C). Supplemental rLeXyn11A enhanced the hydrolysis of three agricultural straws. After in vitro ruminal incubation, regardless of agricultural straws, the fiber digestibility, acetate concentration, total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production, and fermentation liquid microbial protein were increased by rLeXyn11A. Supplemental rLeXyn11A increased the ammonia-N concentration for corn straw and rice straw. High throughput sequencing and real-time PCR data showed that the effects of rLeXyn11A on ruminal microbial community depended on the fermentation substrates. With rice straw, rLeXyn11A increased the relative abundance of fibrolytic bacteria including Firmicutes, Desulfovibrio, Ruminococcaceae and its some genus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes. With wheat straw, rLeXyn11A increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1 and its three representative species F. succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus. With corn straw, the fibrolytic bacteria Firmicutes, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Saccharofermentans, and Desulfovibrio were increased by rLeXyn11A. This study demonstrates that rLeXyn11A could enhance in vitro ruminal digestion and fermentation of agricultural straws, showing the potential of rLeXyn11A for improving the utilization of agricultural straws in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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17
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Antioxidant properties of feruloylated oligosaccharides of different degrees of polymerization from wheat bran. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:547-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Carvalho AFA, Marcondes WF, de Oliva Neto P, Pastore GM, Saddler JN, Arantes V. The potential of tailoring the conditions of steam explosion to produce xylo-oligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:221-229. [PMID: 29174899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of the steam explosion (SE) method to produce high levels XOS from sugarcane bagasse, a xylan-rich hemicellulosic feedstock, was assessed. The effect of different operating conditions on XOS production yield and selectivity were investigated using a mini-pilot scale SE unit. The results show that even under a non-optimized condition (190 °C, 5 min and 0.5% H2SO4 as catalyst), SE led to about 40% xylan recovery as XOS, which was comparable to the well-known, multi-step, enzymatic production of XOS from alkaline-extracted xylan, and other commonly employed chemical methods. In addition, the XOS-rich hydrolysate from SE constituted of greater diversity in the degree of polymerization, which has been shown to be desirable for prebiotic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia Azevedo Carvalho
- Department of Wood Science, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, V6TIZ4 Vancouver, BC, Canada; Associated Laboratory of Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), Bioprocess Unit, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Dom Antonio, 2100, 19806-380 Assis, SP, Brazil; Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilian Fioreli Marcondes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Oliva Neto
- Associated Laboratory of Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), Bioprocess Unit, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Dom Antonio, 2100, 19806-380 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Department of Wood Science, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, V6TIZ4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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Mongkorntanyatip K, Limsakul P, Ratanakhanokchai K, Khunrae P. Overexpression and characterization of alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus strain K-1 xylanase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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de Figueiredo FC, Carvalho AFA, Brienzo M, Campioni TS, de Oliva-Neto P. Chemical input reduction in the arabinoxylan and lignocellulose alkaline extraction and xylooligosaccharides production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:164-170. [PMID: 28063358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic material breakdown by hydrolysis is an important step to open new perspectives for bioenergy and special foods production like prebiotic xylooligosaccharides. Improvement of lignocellulose and arabinoxylan alkaline extraction from sugarcane bagasse and enzymatic hydrolysis were performed. Treatments 1 (10% KOH at 70°C), 3 (5% KOH at 121°C) and ZD method (24% KOH at 35°C) showed solid lignocellulose recovery of respectively 75.2%, 74.2% and 73%. A range of 24.8-27% extracted material with high arabinoxylan content (72.1-76.3%) was obtained with these treatments. Treatment 1 and 3 exhibited great KOH reduction in the method reaction, 54.1% and 76.2%, respectively. Likewise, in treatment 3 there was a decrease in ethanol consumption (40.9%) when compared to ZD method. The extracted arabinoxylan showed susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis with high solid loading (7%) since Trichoderma reesei xylanases were advantageous for xylose production (54.9%), while Aspergillus fumigatus xylanases achieved better XOS production (27.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Cristina de Figueiredo
- Departament of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, ZIP Code 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Development of Bioprocesses, Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Dom Antonio, 2100, ZIP Code 19806-900 Assis, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flavia Azevedo Carvalho
- Laboratory of Development of Bioprocesses, Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Dom Antonio, 2100, ZIP Code 19806-900 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Brienzo
- Laboratory of Biomass Characterization, Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, ZIP Code 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Tania Sila Campioni
- Laboratory of Development of Bioprocesses, Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Dom Antonio, 2100, ZIP Code 19806-900 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Oliva-Neto
- Laboratory of Development of Bioprocesses, Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN), School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Dom Antonio, 2100, ZIP Code 19806-900 Assis, SP, Brazil
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21
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Xin D, Yang M, Chen X, Zhang J. The access of Trichoderma reesei 6A to cellulose is blocked by isolated hemicelluloses and their derivatives in biomass hydrolysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannan inhibited action of CBHII from Trichoderma reesei by retarding the adsorption of CBHII to cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Xin
- College of Forestry
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Forestry
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Xiang Chen
- College of Forestry
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
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22
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Engineering the hydrophobic residues of a GH11 xylanase impacts its adsorption onto lignin and its thermostability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 81:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Akkus M, Bahcegul E, Ozkan N, Bakir U. Post-extrusion heat-treatment as a facile method to enhance the mechanical properties of extruded xylan-based polymeric materials. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Bahcegul E, Toraman HE, Erdemir D, Akinalan B, Ozkan N, Bakir U. An unconventional approach for improving the integrity and mechanical properties of xylan type hemicellulose based films. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of the salt KAcO into hemicellulose based polymeric films results in improved film formation and mechanical properties. Considering this beneficial effect of KAcO, its separation during the hemicellulose isolation process is not always a necessity for film production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinc Bahcegul
- Department of Biotechnology
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilal E. Toraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Duygu Erdemir
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Busra Akinalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Necati Ozkan
- Department of Polymers Science and Technology
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800, Turkey
- METU Central Laboratory
- Middle East Technical University
| | - Ufuk Bakir
- Department of Biotechnology
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Middle East Technical University
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25
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Kocabas DS, Ozben N. Co-production of xylanase and xylooligosaccharides from lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02508c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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26
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Bahcegul E, Akinalan B, Toraman HE, Erdemir D, Ozkan N, Bakir U. Extrusion of xylans extracted from corn cobs into biodegradable polymeric materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:582-585. [PMID: 24140359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Solvent casting technique, which comprises multiple energy demanding steps including the dissolution of a polymer in a solvent followed by the evaporation of the solvent from the polymer solution, is currently the main technique for the production of xylan based polymeric materials. The present study shows that sufficient water content renders arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX) polymers extrudable, enabling the production of AGX based polymeric materials in a single step via extrusion, which is economically advantageous to solvent casting process for mass production. AGX polymers with water content of 27% were found to yield extrudates at an extrusion temperature of 90°C. The extruded strips showed very good mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 76 ± 6 MPa and elongation at break value of 35 ± 8%, which were superior to the mechanical properties of the strips obtained from polylactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinc Bahcegul
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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27
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Uçkun Kiran E, Akpinar O, Bakir U. Improvement of enzymatic xylooligosaccharides production by the co-utilization of xylans from different origins. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Xylanase and itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960 within a biorefinery concept. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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29
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Cazacu G, Capraru M, Popa VI. Advances Concerning Lignin Utilization in New Materials. ADVANCES IN NATURAL POLYMERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20940-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Zeder-Lutz G, Renau-Ferrer S, Aguié-Béghin V, Rakotoarivonina H, Chabbert B, Altschuh D, Rémond C. Novel surface-based methodologies for investigating GH11 xylanase–lignin derivative interactions. Analyst 2013; 138:6889-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Otieno DO, Ahring BK. The potential for oligosaccharide production from the hemicellulose fraction of biomasses through pretreatment processes: xylooligosaccharides (XOS), arabinooligosaccharides (AOS), and mannooligosaccharides (MOS). Carbohydr Res 2012; 360:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Debeire P, Khoune P, Jeltsch JM, Phalip V. Product patterns of a feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus nidulans on large feruloyl-arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides from wheat bran. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:425-8. [PMID: 22770893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A purified feruloyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.73) from Aspergillus nidulans produced in Pichia pastoris was used to study the de-esterification of large feruloyl oligosaccharides consisting of 4 to 20 pentose residues and (xylose plus arabinose) and one ferulic acid residue. The feruloyl oligosaccharides were prepared from total oligosaccharidic hydrolysates from wheat bran treated with a purified endoxylanase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus. The feruloyl esterase showed similar specific activity but an affinity about 3.5-fold higher towards feruloyl oligosaccharides than towards methyl ferulate. Mass spectrometry analysis of the products after long-term enzymatic hydrolyses showed that the esterase was able to hydrolyze the largest feruloyl oligosaccharides and therefore could act alone on feruloyled xylans. Consequently, the feruloyl esterase from A. nidulans could be useful for the enzymatic deconstruction of xylans in plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Debeire
- Laboratory of Polymers Engineering for High Technologies (LIPHT), Strasbourg University, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Paës G, Cortés J, Siméon T, O'Donohue MJ, Tran V. Thumb-loops up for catalysis: a structure/function investigation of a functional loop movement in a GH11 xylanase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2012; 1:e201207001. [PMID: 24688637 PMCID: PMC3962102 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201207001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics is a key feature of enzyme catalysis. Unfortunately, current experimental and computational techniques do not yet provide a comprehensive understanding and description of functional macromolecular motions. In this work, we have extended a novel computational technique, which combines molecular modeling methods and robotics algorithms, to investigate functional motions of protein loops. This new approach has been applied to study the functional importance of the so-called thumb-loop in the glycoside hydrolase family 11 xylanase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus (Tx-xyl). The results obtained provide new insight into the role of the loop in the glycosylation/deglycosylation catalytic cycle, and underline the key importance of the nature of the residue located at the tip of the thumb-loop. The effect of mutations predicted in silico has been validated by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Overall, we propose a comprehensive model of Tx-xyl catalysis in terms of substrate and product dynamics by identifying the action of the thumb-loop motion during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Paës
- CNRS, FRE3478 UFIP, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France ; University of Nantes, FRE3478 UFIP, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France ; INRA, UMR614 FARE, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, F-51686 Reims, France ; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR614 FARE, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, F-51686 Reims, France
| | - Juan Cortés
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France ; University of Toulouse, LAAS, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Siméon
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France ; University of Toulouse, LAAS, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michael J O'Donohue
- INRA, UMR614 FARE, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, F-51686 Reims, France ; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR614 FARE, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, F-51686 Reims, France ; INRA, UMR792 LISBP, 137 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France ; INSA, UMR792 LISBP, 137 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Vinh Tran
- CNRS, FRE3478 UFIP, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France ; University of Nantes, FRE3478 UFIP, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France
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Li X, Li E, Zhu Y, Teng C, Sun B, Song H, Yang R. A typical endo-xylanase from Streptomyces rameus L2001 and its unique characteristics in xylooligosaccharide production. Carbohydr Res 2012; 359:30-6. [PMID: 22925761 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the extracellular xylanase produced by Streptomyces rameus L2001 against different xylans and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) was investigated. The main products of hydrolysis of birchwood xylan and oat-spelt xylan by the S. rameus L2001 xylanase were xylobiose (X2) and xylotriose (X3), suggesting that this is an endo-acting xylanase. This was confirmed by analysis of XOS degradation products. The enzyme hardly hydrolyzed X2 and X3, but hydrolyzed xylotetraose (X4) and xylopentaose (X5) producing mainly X2 and X3 through transglycosylation. Depending on the substrate, different quantities of reducing sugars were produced by the xylanase: 150 mg/g from corncob, 105 mg/g from bean culms, and 133 mg/g from bagasse. With the bagasse substrate, the xylanase yielded 2.36, 2.76, 2.03, and 2.17 mg/mL of X2, X3, X4, and X5, respectively. The structure of xylobiose and xylotriose from the hydrolysis of corncob xylan was identified by MS and NMR. The production of XOS from various agricultural wastes has potential industrial applications. This is the first report of XOS production by S. rameus L2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Li
- Department of Food Science, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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35
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Zhao LC, Wang Y, Lin JF, Guo LQ. Adsorption and kinetic behavior of recombinant multifunctional xylanase in hydrolysis of pineapple stem and bagasse and their hemicellulose for Xylo-oligosaccharide production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:343-348. [PMID: 22342034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant multifunctional xylanase (RMFXase) was utilized to hydrolyze xylan in pineapple stems and bagasse. The feasibility of using RMFXase and the two agricultural by-products for producing Xylo-oligosaccharides was demonstrated. Adsorption dynamics showed that lignin and cellulose delayed the adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption data fit the Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. The extent of hydrolysis was quantified by measuring the reducing and total sugars in substrate-RMFXase complexes at 50°C. The substrates had similar hydrolysis characteristics. Differences in the maximum hydrolysis rate (HR) and the time of maximum were obtained. The HR(max) of water-insoluble oat spelt xylan reached 55.26% after 2h. Analysis of the end-products using high-performance liquid chromatography indicated xylobiose and xylotriose were the major hydrolysis products, and the final degree of polymerization was greater than two. The purity of the substrates and RMFXase are the key factors that determine the processing parameters of Xylo-oligosaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chao Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
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36
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Song L, Siguier B, Dumon C, Bozonnet S, O'Donohue MJ. Engineering better biomass-degrading ability into a GH11 xylanase using a directed evolution strategy. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:3. [PMID: 22244361 PMCID: PMC3299623 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the hydrolytic performance of hemicellulases on lignocellulosic biomass is of considerable importance for second-generation biorefining. To address this problem, and also to gain greater understanding of structure-function relationships, especially related to xylanase action on complex biomass, we have implemented a combinatorial strategy to engineer the GH11 xylanase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus (Tx-Xyn). RESULTS Following in vitro enzyme evolution and screening on wheat straw, nine best-performing clones were identified, which display mutations at positions 3, 6, 27 and 111. All of these mutants showed increased hydrolytic activity on wheat straw, and solubilized arabinoxylans that were not modified by the parental enzyme. The most active mutants, S27T and Y111T, increased the solubilization of arabinoxylans from depleted wheat straw 2.3-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively, in comparison to the wild-type enzyme. In addition, five mutants, S27T, Y111H, Y111S, Y111T and S27T-Y111H increased total hemicellulose conversion of intact wheat straw from 16.7%tot. xyl (wild-type Tx-Xyn) to 18.6% to 20.4%tot. xyl. Also, all five mutant enzymes exhibited a better ability to act in synergy with a cellulase cocktail (Accellerase 1500), thus procuring increases in overall wheat straw hydrolysis. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the results allows us to hypothesize that the increased hydrolytic ability of the mutants is linked to (i) improved ligand binding in a putative secondary binding site, (ii) the diminution of surface hydrophobicity, and/or (iii) the modification of thumb flexibility, induced by mutations at position 111. Nevertheless, the relatively modest improvements that were observed also underline the fact that enzyme engineering alone cannot overcome the limits imposed by the complex organization of the plant cell wall and the lignin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Song
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Siguier
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Dumon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Bozonnet
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michael J O'Donohue
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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Bahcegul E, Toraman HE, Ozkan N, Bakir U. Evaluation of alkaline pretreatment temperature on a multi-product basis for the co-production of glucose and hemicellulose based films from lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 103:440-445. [PMID: 22050836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cotton stalks were subjected to alkaline pretreatment for the co-production of glucose and hemicellulose based films with a multi-product approach. Three pretreatment temperatures (25, 60 and 90 °C) were evaluated for their effects both on the glucose yield and on the properties of hemicellulose based films. Compared to untreated cotton stalks, the glucose yields were enhanced 3.9, 4.1 and 4.2 times for pretreatments conducted at 25, 60 and 90 °C, respectively. The pretreatment temperature of 90 °C was detrimental in terms of film formation. Tensile energy to break values of the films obtained after pretreatments conducted at 25, 60 and 90 °C were 1.1, 0.8, and 0.4 MJ/m3, respectively. The hemicellulosic part of the process, which considers the production of hemicellulose based films, should govern the pretreatment temperature since it was more responsive to the changes in the pretreatment temperature compared to the cellulosic part that accounts for glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinc Bahcegul
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Zhang J, Siika-aho M, Tenkanen M, Viikari L. The role of acetyl xylan esterase in the solubilization of xylan and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw and giant reed. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2011; 4:60. [PMID: 22185437 PMCID: PMC3259036 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-4-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the complexity of lignocellulosic materials, a complete enzymatic hydrolysis into fermentable sugars requires a variety of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes. Addition of xylanases has been shown to significantly improve the performance of cellulases and to increase cellulose hydrolysis by solubilizing xylans in lignocellulosic materials. The goal of this work was to investigate the effect of acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) originating from Trichoderma reesei on xylan solubilization and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. RESULTS The solubilization of xylan in pretreated wheat straw and giant reed (Arundo donax) by xylanolytic enzymes and the impact of the sequential or simultaneous solubilization of xylan on the hydrolysis of cellulose by purified enzymes were investigated. The results showed that the removal of acetyl groups in xylan by AXE increased the accessibility of xylan to xylanase and improved the hydrolysis of xylan in pretreated wheat straw and giant reed. Solubilization of xylan led to an increased accessibility of cellulose to cellulases and thereby increased the hydrolysis extent of cellulose. A clear synergistic effect between cellulases and xylanolytic enzymes was observed. The highest hydrolysis yield of cellulose was obtained with a simultaneous use of cellulases, xylanase and AXE, indicating the presence of acetylated xylan within the cellulose matrix. Acetylated xylobiose and acetylated xylotriose were produced from xylan without AXE, as confirmed by atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS The results in this paper demonstrate that supplementation of xylanase with AXE enhances the solubilization of xylan to some extent and, consequently, increases the subsequent hydrolysis of cellulose. The highest hydrolysis yield was, however, obtained by simultaneous hydrolysis of xylan and cellulose, indicating a layered structure of cellulose and xylan chains in the cell wall substrate. AXE has an important role in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials containing acetylated xylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Matti Siika-aho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Viikari
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Improvement in the productivity of xylooligosaccharides from rice straw by feed xylanase with ultrafiltration. ARCH BIOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/abs1101161w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective production of xylooligosaccharides (XOs) from rice straw was
investigated. Rice straw contains rich hemicellulose which can be hydrolyzed
by enzyme; the XOs were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. To improve
the productivity of XOs, ultrafiltration was chosen to eliminate xylan in the
XOs. Under optimum hydrolysis conditions (1000 IU enzyme/g, 35 0C, 10%
substrate concentration, pH 6.5, 6 h), the DP was the lowest. After
ultrafiltration, xylan was eliminated. On the basis of experimental data, an
industrial XO production process consisting of pretreatment, enzymatic
treatment and purification was designed. Using the designed process, 2.9g dry
of purified XO was produced from 50g dry rice straw power.
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Aachary AA, Prapulla SG. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) as an Emerging Prebiotic: Microbial Synthesis, Utilization, Structural Characterization, Bioactive Properties, and Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Rémond C, Aubry N, Crônier D, Noël S, Martel F, Roge B, Rakotoarivonina H, Debeire P, Chabbert B. Combination of ammonia and xylanase pretreatments: impact on enzymatic xylan and cellulose recovery from wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6712-7. [PMID: 20399643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soaking in aqueous ammonia (SSA) and/or xylanase pretreatments were developed on wheat straw. Both pretreatments were conducted at high-solids conditions: 15% and 20%, respectively, for SSA and xylanase pretreatments. SSA pretreatment led to the solubilisation of 38%, 12% and 11% of acid insoluble lignin, xylan and glucan, respectively. In case of xylanase pretreatment, 20% of xylan were removed from native wheat straw. When pretreatments were applied consecutively (SSA and xylanase) on straw, 56% of xylans were hydrolysed and a rapid reduction of media viscosity occurred. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose with cellulases was evaluated from the different combinations of pretreated wheat straw. Cellulose hydrolysis was improved by 2.1, 2.2 and 2.9, respectively, for xylanase, SSA and SSA/xylanase pretreated straw. Xylans from untreated and pretreated wheat straws were also solubilised with cellulases. Chemical analysis of pretreated straw residues in connection with yields of cellulose hydrolysis highlighted the role of phenolic acids, acetyl content and cellulose crystallinity for cellulase efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rémond
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France.
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Yin LJ, Lin HH, Chiang YI, Jiang ST. Bioproperties and purification of xylanase from Bacillus sp. YJ6. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:557-562. [PMID: 19911836 DOI: 10.1021/jf902777r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the xylanase from Bacillus sp. YJ6, broth after 4 days incubation at 25 degrees C was collected and purified to electrophoretical homogeneity after Sephacryl S-100 HR chromatograph. About 3.5% recovery and 678.1 purification fold were achieved. The purified xylanase, with a Mw of 19 kDa, had an optimal pH and temperature at 5.0 and 50 degrees C, respectively, and was stable at pH 5.0-9.0 or <50 degrees C. It was inhibited by Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and leupeptin but activated by K+, Na+, Co2+, Mg2+, beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME), and glutathione (GSH). The purified xylanase had high specificity to beechwood, birchwood, and oat spelt xylans. The DNA fragment encoding this xylanase, corresponding to 213 amino acids, exhibited about 95% homology with seven strains of Bacillus in the NCBI database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Yin
- Department of Sea Food Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142 Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung 81143, Taiwan.
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Akpinar O, Erdogan K, Bakir U, Yilmaz L. Comparison of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of tobacco stalk xylan for preparation of xylooligosaccharides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Boukari I, Putaux JL, Cathala B, Barakat A, Saake B, Rémond C, O’Donohue M, Chabbert B. In Vitro Model Assemblies To Study the Impact of Lignin−Carbohydrate Interactions on the Enzymatic Conversion of Xylan. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2489-98. [DOI: 10.1021/bm9004518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Boukari
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Bernard Cathala
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Abdellatif Barakat
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Bodo Saake
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Caroline Rémond
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Michael O’Donohue
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
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Akpinar O, Erdogan K, Bostanci S. Enzymatic production of Xylooligosaccharide from selected agricultural wastes. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kumar R, Wyman CE. Cellulase adsorption and relationship to features of corn stover solids produced by leading pretreatments. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:252-67. [PMID: 19195015 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although essential to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass to sugars for fermentation to ethanol or other products, enzyme adsorption and its relationship to substrate features has received limited attention, and little data and insight have been developed on cellulase adsorption for promising pretreatment options, with almost no data available to facilitate comparisons. Therefore, adsorption of cellulase on Avicel, and of cellulase and xylanase on corn stover solids resulting from ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), ammonia recycled percolation (ARP), controlled pH, dilute acid, lime, and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) pretreatments were measured at 4 degrees C. Langmuir adsorption parameters were then estimated by non-linear regression using Polymath software, and cellulase accessibility to cellulose was estimated based on adsorption data for pretreated solids and lignin left after carbohydrate digestion. To determine the impact of delignification and deacetylation on cellulose accessibility, purified CBHI (Cel7A) adsorption at 4 degrees C and hydrolysis with whole cellulase were followed for untreated (UT) corn stover. In all cases, cellulase attained equilibrium in less than 2 h, and upon dilution, solids pretreated by controlled pH technology showed the greatest desorption followed by solids from dilute acid and SO(2) pretreatments. Surprisingly, the lowest desorption was measured for Avicel glucan followed by solids from AFEX pretreatment. The higher cellulose accessibility for AFEX and lime pretreated solids could account for the good digestion reported in the literature for these approaches. Lime pretreated solids had the greatest xylanase capacity and AFEX solids the least, showing pretreatment pH did not seem to be controlling. The 24 h glucan hydrolysis rate data had a strong relationship to cellulase adsorption capacities, while 24 h xylan hydrolysis rate data showed no relationship to xylanase adsorption capacities. Furthermore, delignification greatly enhanced enzyme effectiveness but had a limited effect on cellulose accessibility. And because delignification enhanced release of xylose more than glucose, it appears that lignin did not directly control cellulose accessibility but restricted xylan accessibility which in turn controlled access to cellulose. Reducing the acetyl content in corn stover solids significantly improved both cellulose accessibility and enzyme effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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47
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Akpinar O, Erdogan K, Bostanci S. Production of xylooligosaccharides by controlled acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:660-6. [PMID: 19211099 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different agricultural wastes, namely tobacco stalk (TS), cotton stalk (CS), sunflower stalk (SS), and wheat straw (WS), were used for the production of xylooligosaccharide (XO). XO production was performed by acid hydrolysis of xylan, which was obtained by alkali extraction from these agricultural wastes. The major component of these agricultural wastes was determined as cellulose (30-42%), followed by xylan (20%) and lignin (20-27%). Xylans from these wastes had mainly xylose (85-96%) with small amount of glucose, while wheat straw xylan contained also arabinose. The best xylan conversion into XOs was achieved with 0.25M H(2)SO(4) with 30-min reaction time. Under these conditions, the XO yield was between 8% and 13%. The yield of XOs depends on both acid concentration and hydrolysis time, but the yield of monosaccharide depends on the structure and composition of xylan besides acid concentration and the time. The more branched xylan, WSX, gave the highest monosaccharide ( approximately 16%) and furfural ( approximately 49mg/100g xylan) yield. This research showed that all xylans from selected agricultural wastes generated XOs with similar profiles, and these oligosaccharides could be used as functional food ingredients or soluble substrates for xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Akpinar
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Department of Food Engineering, Tasliciftlik, Tr-60250 Tokat, Turkey.
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48
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Treatment of corn bran dietary fiber with xylanase increases its ability to bind bile salts, in vitro. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Goksu EI, Karamanlioglu M, Bakir U, Yilmaz L, Yilmazer U. Production and characterization of films from cotton stalk xylan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10685-91. [PMID: 18038981 DOI: 10.1021/jf071893i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Composite film production based on cotton stalk xylan was studied, and the mechanical and physical properties of the films formed were investigated. Xylan and lignin were separated from cellulose by alkali extraction and, then, lignin was removed using ethanol washing. Self-supporting continuous films could not be produced using pure cotton stalk xylan. However, film formation was achieved using 8-14% (w/w) xylan without complete removal of lignin during xylan isolation. Keeping about 1% lignin in xylan (w/w) was determined to be sufficient for film formation. Films were produced by casting the film-forming solutions, followed by solvent evaporation in a temperature (20 degrees C) and relative humidity (40%) controlled environment. The elastic modulus and hypothetical coating strength of the films obtained by using 8% xylan were significantly different from the ones containing 10-14% xylan. The water vapor transfer rates (WVTR) decreased with increasing xylan concentration, which made the films thicker. The glycerol addition as an additional plasticizer resulting in more stretchable films having higher WVTR and lower water solubility values. As a result, film production was successfully achieved from xylan, which was extracted from an agricultural waste (cotton stalk), and the film-forming effect of lignin on pure xylan has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel I Goksu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Akpinar O, Ak O, Kavas A, Bakir U, Yilmaz L. Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from cotton stalks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:5544-51. [PMID: 17555328 DOI: 10.1021/jf063580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharide (XO) production was performed from xylan, which was obtained by alkali extraction from cotton stalk, a major agricultural waste in Turkey. Enzymatic hydrolysis was selected to prevent byproduct formation such as xylose and furfural. Xylan was hydrolyzed using a commercial xylanase preparation, and the effects of pH, temperature, hydrolysis period, and substrate and enzyme concentrations on the XO yield and degree of polymerization (DP) were investigated. Cotton stalk contains about 21% xylan, the composition of which was determined as 84% xylose, 7% glucose, and 9% uronic acid after complete acid hydrolysis. XOs in the DP range of 2-7 (X6 approximately X5>X2>X3) were obtained with minor quantities of xylose in all of the hydrolysis conditions used. Although after 24 h of hydrolysis at 40 degrees C, the yield was about 53%, the XO production rate leveled off after 8-24 h of hydrolysis. XO yield was affected by all of the parameters investigated; however, none of them affected the DP of the end product significantly, except the hydrolysis period. Enzyme hydrolysis was maintained by the addition of fresh substrate after 72 h of hydrolysis, indicating the persistence of enzyme activity. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as 40 degrees C, pH 5.4, and 2% xylan. The obtained product was fractionated via ultrafiltration by using 10, 3, and 1 kDa membranes. Complete removal of xylanase and unhydrolyzed xylan was achieved without losing any oligosaccharides having DP 5 or smaller by 10 kDa membrane. After a two-step membrane processing, a permeate containing mostly oligosaccharides was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Akpinar
- Department of Food Engineering, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tasliciftlik 60250, Tokat, Turkey.
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