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Goetjes V, Zarges JC, Heim HP. Differentiation between Hydrolytic and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(lactic acid)/Starch Composites in Warm and Humid Environments. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3683. [PMID: 39124345 PMCID: PMC11313141 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
For the application of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/starch composites in technical components such as toys, it is essential to know their degradation behavior under relevant application conditions in a hydrothermal environment. For this purpose, composites made from PLA and native potato starch were produced using twin-screw extruders and then processed into test specimens, which were then subjected to various one-week ageing processes with varying temperatures (23, 50, 70, 90 °C) and humidity levels (10, 50, 75, 90%). This was followed by mechanical characterization (tensile test) and identification of degradation using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). With increasing temperature and humidity, there was a clear degradation of the PLA, which could be reduced or slowed down by adding 50 wt.% starch, due to increased crystallinity. Hydrolysis was identified as the main degradation mechanism for PLA and PLA/starch composites, especially above the glass transition temperature, with thermo-oxidative degradation also playing a subordinate role. Both hydrolytic degradation and thermo-oxidative degradation led to a reduction in mechanical properties such as tensile strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Goetjes
- Institute of Material Engineering, Polymer Engineering, University of Kassel, Mönchebergstr. 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany
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2
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Sun S, Liang B, Yin Z, Pan S, Shi C, Guo C, Huang Z, Chu C, Dong Y. Mineralization, degradation and osteogenic property of polylactide multicomponent porous composites for bone repair: In vitro and in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132378. [PMID: 38750853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Gelatin and hydroxyapatite were assembled into polylactide porous matrix to prepare multicomponent porous composites for bone repair (PLA-gH). PLA-gH possessed a superior ability of mineralization. During simulated body fluids (SBF), the spherical Ca-P depositions on surface of PLA-gH became bulk as Ca/P decreased, while they locally turned into the rod with different variation in Ca/P during SBF containing bovine serum albumin (SBF-BSA), indicating that the mineralization of PLA-gH could be regulated by BSA. Meanwhile, PLA-gH possessed good degradation behaviour, especially in SBF-BSA, the degradation of PLA porous matrix was higher than that in SBF after 14-day immersion, whose crystallinity (Xc) decreased to a slightly lower level. Gelatin and hydroxyapatite endowed PLA-gH with good osteogenic property, characterized by obvious osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. In terms of predicting the cytocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation and new bone mineralization of PLA-gH by in vitro methods, applying SBF-BSA may be more reliable than SBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyun Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhaowei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Shaowei Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Chao Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhihai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chenglin Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yinsheng Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, China.
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3
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de Witt J, Molitor R, Gätgens J, Ortmann de Percin Northumberland C, Kruse L, Polen T, Wynands B, van Goethem K, Thies S, Jaeger KE, Wierckx N. Biodegradation of poly(ester-urethane) coatings by Halopseudomonas formosensis. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14362. [PMID: 37991424 PMCID: PMC10834883 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Impranil® DLN-SD is a poly(ester-urethane) (PEU) that is widely used as coating material for textiles to fine-tune and improve their properties. Since coatings increase the complexity of such plastic materials, they can pose a hindrance for sustainable end-of-life solutions of plastics using enzymes or microorganisms. In this study, we isolated Halopseudomonas formosensis FZJ due to its ability to grow on Impranil DLN-SD and other PEUs as sole carbon sources. The isolated strain was exceptionally thermotolerant as it could degrade Impranil DLN-SD at up to 50°C. We identified several putative extracellular hydrolases of which the polyester hydrolase Hfor_PE-H showed substrate degradation of Impranil DLN-SD and thus was purified and characterized in detail. Hfor_PE-H showed moderate temperature stability (Tm = 53.9°C) and exhibited activity towards Impranil DLN-SD as well as polyethylene terephthalate. Moreover, we revealed the enzymatic release of monomers from Impranil DLN-SD by Hfor_PE-H using GC-ToF-MS and could decipher the associated metabolic pathways in H. formosensis FZJ. Overall, this study provides detailed insights into the microbial and enzymatic degradation of PEU coatings, thereby deepening our understanding of microbial coating degradation in both contained and natural environments. Moreover, the study highlights the relevance of the genus Halopseudomonas and especially the novel isolate and its enzymes for future bio-upcycling processes of coated plastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Witt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rebecka Molitor
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochem Gätgens
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Luzie Kruse
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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4
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Colwell J, Pratt S, Lant P, Laycock B. Hazardous state lifetimes of biodegradable plastics in natural environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:165025. [PMID: 37348710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a critical problem that has the potential for long-lasting impact. While all plastics eventually break down to at least some degree, they can remain in different transition states, such as microplastics and nanoplastics, for extended periods of time before reaching complete mineralisation to non-hazardous end products. Each of the transition states represents different types of hazards, so it is critical to understand the factors driving the lifetimes of plastics within these states. To do this, we propose a framework for assessing plastic lifetimes in natural environments based on the flow of material through potentially hazardous states: macroplastic and mesoplastic, microplastic, nanoplastic and soluble products. State changes within this framework are underpinned by three key processes: fragmentation, depolymerisation, and bioassimilation, with the pathways for generation of the different plastic states, and the lifetimes within these states, varying widely for individual materials in different environments due to their dependence on polymer material type, form and properties, and environmental factors. The critical factors driving these processes can therefore appear complex, but molecular weight, crystallinity, oxygen and water diffusivity, and inherent polymer chain reactivity (including to enzymes) are key to our understanding. By analysing currently available data that take factors such as these into consideration, we have generated information on the most likely states in which a range of plastics with different environmental degradation behaviour may exist over time in natural environments. Polyethylene (PE), for example, should be expected to fragment and accumulate in the environment as microplastic and nanoplastic. Interestingly, the state-profile for the biodegradable plastic polylactic acid (PLA) is similar, albeit over shorter timeframes. PLA also likely fragments, but then the relatively slow process of abiotic depolymerisation results in accumulation of microplastic and nanoplastic. By contrast, the state-profile for the biodegradable plastic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) would be expected to be very different. The bulk material is less susceptible to embrittlement and fragmentation as a primary path to biodegradation, since the rapid enzyme catalysed depolymerisation of exposed surfaces proceeds in conjunction with bioassimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Colwell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Paul Lant
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
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5
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Olivito F, Jagdale P, Oza G. Synthesis and Biodegradation Test of a New Polyether Polyurethane Foam Produced from PEG 400, L-Lysine Ethyl Ester Diisocyanate (L-LDI) and Bis-hydroxymethyl Furan (BHMF). TOXICS 2023; 11:698. [PMID: 37624203 PMCID: PMC10457969 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we produced a bio-based polyether-polyurethane foam PU1 through the prepolymer method. The prepolymer was obtained by the reaction of PEG 400 with L-Lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate (L-LDI). The freshly prepared prepolymer was extended with 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) to produce the final polyurethane. The renewable chemical BHMF was produced through the chemical reduction of HMF by sodium borohydride. HMF was produced by a previously reported procedure from fructose using choline chloride and ytterbium triflate. To evaluate the degradation rate of the foam PU1, we tested the chemical stability by soaking it in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution. The weight loss was only 12% after 30 days. After that, we proved that enzymatic hydrolysis after 30 days using cholesterol esterase was more favoured than hydrolysis with NaOH, with a weight loss of 24%, probably due to the hydrophobic character of the PU1 and a better adhesion of the enzyme on the surface with respect to water. BHMF was proved to be of crucial importance for the enzymatic degradation assay at 37 °C in phosphate buffer solution, because it represents the breaking point inside the polyurethane chain. Soil burial degradation test was monitored for three months to evaluate whether the joint activity of sunlight, climate changes and microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, could further increase the biodegradation. The unexpected weight loss after soil burial degradation test was 45% after three months. This paper highlights the potential of using sustainable resources to produce new biodegradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Olivito
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Pravin Jagdale
- Circular Carbon GmbH, Europaring 4, 94315 Straubing, Germany;
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Mexico;
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6
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Tournier V, Duquesne S, Guillamot F, Cramail H, Taton D, Marty A, André I. Enzymes' Power for Plastics Degradation. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5612-5701. [PMID: 36916764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are everywhere in our modern way of living, and their production keeps increasing every year, causing major environmental concerns. Nowadays, the end-of-life management involves accumulation in landfills, incineration, and recycling to a lower extent. This ecological threat to the environment is inspiring alternative bio-based solutions for plastic waste treatment and recycling toward a circular economy. Over the past decade, considerable efforts have been made to degrade commodity plastics using biocatalytic approaches. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the recent advances in enzyme-based biocatalysis and in the design of related biocatalytic processes to recycle or upcycle commodity plastics, including polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyolefins. We also discuss scope and limitations, challenges, and opportunities of this field of research. An important message from this review is that polymer-assimilating enzymes are very likely part of the solution to reaching a circular plastic economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Tournier
- Carbios, Parc Cataroux-Bâtiment B80, 8 rue de la Grolière, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Duquesne
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France, 135, avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Frédérique Guillamot
- Carbios, Parc Cataroux-Bâtiment B80, 8 rue de la Grolière, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Henri Cramail
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alain Marty
- Carbios, Parc Cataroux-Bâtiment B80, 8 rue de la Grolière, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France, 135, avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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7
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Gouveia MG, Wesseler JP, Ramaekers J, Weder C, Scholten PBV, Bruns N. Polymersome-based protein drug delivery - quo vadis? Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:728-778. [PMID: 36537575 PMCID: PMC9890519 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics are an attractive alternative to established therapeutic approaches and represent one of the fastest growing families of drugs. While many of these proteins can be delivered using established formulations, the intrinsic sensitivity of proteins to denaturation sometimes calls for a protective carrier to allow administration. Historically, lipid-based self-assembled structures, notably liposomes, have performed this function. After the discovery of polymersome-based targeted drug-delivery systems, which offer manifold advantages over lipid-based structures, the scientific community expected that such systems would take the therapeutic world by storm. However, no polymersome formulations have been commercialised. In this review article, we discuss key obstacles for the sluggish translation of polymersome-based protein nanocarriers into approved pharmaceuticals, which include limitations imparted by the use of non-degradable polymers, the intricacies of polymersome production methods, and the complexity of the in vivo journey of polymersomes across various biological barriers. Considering this complex subject from a polymer chemist's point of view, we highlight key areas that are worthy to explore in order to advance polymersomes to a level at which clinical trials become worthwhile and translation into pharmaceutical and nanomedical applications is realistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael G Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Justus P Wesseler
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jobbe Ramaekers
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Philip B V Scholten
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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8
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Lai W, Liau W, Yang L. Preparation of porous biodegradable
PLLA
with tunable pore size through simple variation of
PEG
/
PLLA‐blend
crystallization conditions. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Chi Lai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tamkang University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Bin Liau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ling‐Yueh Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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9
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Jin Y, Cai F, Song C, Liu G, Chen C. Degradation of biodegradable plastics by anaerobic digestion: Morphological, micro-structural changes and microbial community dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155167. [PMID: 35421475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The serious environmental problem caused by traditional plastics has stimulated the popularization of biodegradable plastics (BPs). However, the rigorous prerequisite for the efficient degradation of BPs has not eliminated its potential hazard to nature. In most biosystems exists the anaerobic environment, but it is still controversial whether BPs can be degraded under such condition. Therefore, this study systematically assessed the anaerobic degradation performance of ten common BPs under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Results showed that four BPs were degraded evidently under mesophilic condition with the biodegradability of 57.9%-84.6%, while during thermophilic condition, five BPs showed remarkable degradation performance with the biodegradability of 53.0% to 95.7%. According to morphological and micro-structural analysis, the biodegradation of the BPs probably proceeded via bulk and/or surface erosion. Under mesophilic condition, Anaerolineales, Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, SBR1031, and Synergistales appeared to play an important role. During thermophilic condition, the hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis of most BPs were mainly conducted by Coprothermobacter and the archaea Methanothermobacter. This work not only provides crucial data on the anaerobic biodigestibility of BPs but also enriches the understanding of the BPs degradation mechanisms, which are of great importance for future popularization of BP products and simultaneously relieving the environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanfan Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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10
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Heat Sterilization Effects on Polymeric, FDM-Optimized Orthopedic Cutting Guide for Surgical Procedures. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12040063. [PMID: 34842761 PMCID: PMC8628910 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in software for image analysis have enabled advances in both medical and engineering industries, including the use of medical analysis tools to recreate internal parts of the human body accurately. A research analysis found that FDM-sourced elements have shown viability for a customized and reliable approach in the orthopedics field. Three-dimensional printing has allowed enhanced accuracy of preoperative planning, leading to reduced surgery times, fewer unnecessary tissue perforations, and fewer healing complications. Furthermore, using custom tools chosen for each procedure has shown the best results. Bone correction-related surgeries require customized cutting guides for a greater outcome. This study aims to assess the biopolymer-based tools for surgical operations and their ability to sustain a regular heat-sterilization cycle without compromising the geometry and fit characteristics for a proper procedure. To achieve this, a DICOM and FDM methodology is proposed for fast prototyping of the cutting guide by means of 3D engineering. A sterilization test was performed on HTPLA, PLA, and nylon polymers. As a result, the unique characteristics within the regular autoclave sterilization process allowed regular supplied PLA to show there were no significant deformations, whilst annealed HTPLA proved this material’s capability of sustaining repeated heat cycles due to its crystallization properties. Both of these proved that the sterilization procedures do not compromise the reliability of the part, nor the safety of the procedure. Therefore, prototypes made with a similar process as this proposal could be safely used in actual surgery practices, while nylon performed poorly because of its hygroscopic properties.
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11
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Iglesias-Montes ML, Soccio M, Luzi F, Puglia D, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Manfredi LB, Cyras VP. Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Disintegration under a Composting Process of Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3171. [PMID: 34578071 PMCID: PMC8472262 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall migration behavior and the disintegration under composting conditions of films based on plasticized poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA-PHB) blends were studied, with the main aim of determining the feasibility of their application as biodegradable food packaging materials. The role of composition in the disintegration process was evaluated by monitoring the changes in physical and thermal properties that originated during the degradation process. PLA and PHB were blended in two weight ratios with 15 wt% of tributyrin, using a Haake mixer and then compression molded into ~150 μm films. We found that the migration level of all of the studied blends was below check intended meaning retained in non-polar simulants, while only plasticized blends could withstand the contact with polar solvents. The disintegration of all of the materials in compost at 58 °C was completed within 42 days; the plasticized PHB underwent the fastest degradation, taking only 14 days. The presence of the TB plasticizer speeded up the degradation process. Different degradation mechanisms were identified for PLA and PHB. To evaluate the annealing effect separately from bacteria degradation, the influence of temperature on materials in the absence of a compost environment was also studied. With the increasing time of degradation in compost, both melting temperature and maximum degradation temperature progressively decreased, while the crystallinity degree increased, indicating that the samples were definitely degrading and that the amorphous regions were preferentially eroded by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Iglesias-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
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12
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Rosli NA, Karamanlioglu M, Kargarzadeh H, Ahmad I. Comprehensive exploration of natural degradation of poly(lactic acid) blends in various degradation media: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:732-741. [PMID: 34358596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a bio-based polyester, has been extensively investigated in the recent past owing to its excellent mechanical properties. Several studies have been conducted on PLA blends, with a focus on improving the brittleness of PLA to ensure its suitability for various applications. However, the increasing use of PLA has increased the contamination of PLA-based products in the environment because PLA remains intact even after three years at sea or in soil. This review focuses on analyzing studies that have worked on improving the degradation properties of PLA blends and studies how other additives affect degradation by considering different degradation media. Factors affecting the degradation properties, such as surface morphology, water uptake, and crystallinity of PLA blends, are highlighted. In natural, biotic, and abiotic media, water uptake plays a crucial role in determining biodegradation rates. Immiscible blends of PLA with other polymer matrices cause phase separation, increasing the water absorption. The susceptibility of PLA to hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation is high in the amorphous region because it can be easily penetrated by water. It is essential to study the morphology, water absorption, and structural properties of PLA blends to predict the biodegradation properties of PLA in the blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Afizah Rosli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mehlika Karamanlioglu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul Gelisim University, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ishak Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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13
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Maity S, Banerjee S, Biswas C, Guchhait R, Chatterjee A, Pramanick K. Functional interplay between plastic polymers and microbes: a comprehensive review. Biodegradation 2021; 32:487-510. [PMID: 34086181 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Escalated production of plastic, their worldwide distribution and persistent nature finally results into their environmental accumulation causing severe threats to the ecological environment and biotic health. Thus, development of suitable measurements for environmental remediation of plastic may be an urgent issue in this plastic age. Some recent reviews have categorized the microbial species able to degrade different plastic polymers and the different factors effecting bio-degradation of plastic are poorly understood. This review comprehensively discusses bio-degradation of traditional and biodegradable plastic polymers both in natural and biological environment (gut microbes and fungi) to understand different factors regulating their degradation, and also shows how degradation of plastic polymers under abiotic factors influence subsequent biological degradation. Different physicochemical modifications like - breaking large polymers into small fragments by pre-treatment, functional groups enrichment, identifying potent microbial species (consortia) and engineering microbial enzymes might be crucial for bio-degradations of plastic. Effects of micro/nanoplastic and other chemical intermediates, formed during the bio-degradation of plastic, on species composition, abundance, growth, metabolism and enzymatic systems of microbes involved in the bio-degradation of plastic should be determined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Maity
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sambuddha Banerjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chayan Biswas
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajkumar Guchhait
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.,Department of Zoology, Mahishadal Raj College, Purba Medinipur, India
| | - Ankit Chatterjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kousik Pramanick
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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14
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García-Depraect O, Bordel S, Lebrero R, Santos-Beneit F, Börner RA, Börner T, Muñoz R. Inspired by nature: Microbial production, degradation and valorization of biodegradable bioplastics for life-cycle-engineered products. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107772. [PMID: 34015389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The global environmental pollution by micro- and macro-plastics reveals the consequences of an extensive use of recalcitrant plastic products together with inappropriate waste management practices that fail to sufficiently recycle the broad types of conventional plastic waste. Biobased and biodegradable plastics are experiencing an uprising as their properties offer alternative waste management solutions for a more circular material economy. However, although the production of such bioplastics has advanced on scale, the end-of-life (EOL) (bio)technologies to promote circularity are lacking behind. While composting and biogas plants are the only managed EOL options today, advanced biotechnological recycling technologies for biodegradable bioplastics are still in an embryonic stage. Thus, developing efficient biotechnologies capable of transforming bioplastic waste into high-value chemical building blocks or into the constituents of the original polymer offers promising routes towards life-cycle-engineered products. This review aims at providing a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of microbial-based processes involved in the complete lifecycle of bioplastics. The current trends in the bioplastic market, the beginning and EOL scenarios of bioplastics, and a critical discussion on the key factors and mechanisms governing microbial degradation are systematically presented. Also, a critical evaluation of terminology and international standards to quantify polymer biodegradability is provided together with the latest biotechnological recycling strategies, including the use of different pre-treatments for (bio)plastic waste. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for the development of life-cycle-engineered biobased and biodegradable plastic products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio García-Depraect
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sergio Bordel
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Beneit
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa Aragão Börner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tim Börner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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15
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Naser AZ, Deiab I, Darras BM. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), green alternatives to petroleum-based plastics: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17151-17196. [PMID: 35479695 PMCID: PMC9033233 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the fact that petroleum-based plastics are convenient in terms of fulfilling the performance requirements of many applications, they contribute significantly to a number of ecological and environmental problems. Recently, the public awareness of the negative effects of petroleum-based plastics on the environment has increased. The present utilization of natural resources cannot be sustained forever. Furthermore, oil is often subjected to price fluctuations and will eventually be depleted. The increase in the level of carbon dioxide due to the combustion of fossil fuel is causing global warming. Concerns about preservation of natural resources and climate change are considered worldwide motivations for academic and industrial researchers to reduce the consumption and dependence on fossil fuel. Therefore, bio-based polymers are moving towards becoming the favorable option to be utilized in polymer manufacturing, food packaging, and medical applications. This paper represents an overview of the feasibility of both Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as alternative materials that can replace petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of industrial applications. Physical, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of both polymers as well as their permeability and migration properties have been reviewed. Moreover, PLA's recyclability, sustainability, and environmental assessment have been also discussed. Finally, applications in which both polymers can replace petroleum-based plastics have been explored and provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z Naser
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - I Deiab
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Basil M Darras
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
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16
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Zhi K, Raji B, Nookala AR, Khan MM, Nguyen XH, Sakshi S, Pourmotabbed T, Yallapu MM, Kochat H, Tadrous E, Pernell S, Kumar S. PLGA Nanoparticle-Based Formulations to Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery: From R&D to cGMP. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040500. [PMID: 33917577 PMCID: PMC8067506 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural obstacle for drug delivery into the human brain, hindering treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as acute ischemic stroke, brain tumors, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated neurocognitive disorders. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biocompatible polymer that is used in Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceutical products and medical devices. PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to improve drug penetration across the BBB both in vitro and in vivo. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poloxamer (Pluronic) are widely used as excipients to further improve the stability and effectiveness of PLGA formulations. Peptides and other linkers can be attached on the surface of PLGA to provide targeting delivery. With the newly published guidance from the FDA and the progress of current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) technologies, manufacturing PLGA NP-based drug products can be achieved with higher efficiency, larger quantity, and better quality. The translation from bench to bed is feasible with proper research, concurrent development, quality control, and regulatory assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Babatunde Raji
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | | | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Xuyen H. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Swarna Sakshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Tayebeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA;
| | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Erene Tadrous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Shelby Pernell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (S.K.)
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17
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Texture Induced by Molecular Weight Dispersity: Polymorphism within Poly(L-lactic acid) Spherulites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Volpe V, Foglia F, Pantani R. Effect of the application of low shear rates on the crystallization kinetics of
PLA. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Volpe
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Fabiana Foglia
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II Fisciano Salerno Italy
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19
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Zheng Y, Pan P. Crystallization of biodegradable and biobased polyesters: Polymorphism, cocrystallization, and structure-property relationship. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Foglia F, De Meo A, Iozzino V, Volpe V, Pantani R. Isothermal crystallization of
PLA
: Nucleation density and growth rates of
α
and
α
' phases. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Foglia
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Annarita De Meo
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Valentina Iozzino
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Valentina Volpe
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Salerno Fisciano Italy
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21
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Shi W, Chen X, Li B, Weitz DA. Spontaneous Creation of Anisotropic Polymer Crystals with Orientation-Sensitive Birefringence in Liquid Drops. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3912-3918. [PMID: 31909961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It remains a grand challenge to prepare anisotropic crystal superstructures with sensitive optical properties in polymer science and materials field. This study demonstrates that semicrystalline polymers develop into anisotropic hollow spherulitic crystals spontaneously at interfaces of liquid drops. In contrast to conventional spherulites with centrosymmetric optics and grain boundaries, these anisotropic spherulitic crystals have vanished boundary defects, tunable aspect ratios, and noncentrosymmetric, orientation-sensitive birefringence. The experimental finding is elaborated in poly(l-lactic acid) crystals and is further verified in a broad class of semicrystalline polymers, irrespective of molecular chirality, chemical constitution, or interfacial modification. The facile methods and general mechanism revealed in this study shed light on developing new types of optical microdevices and synthesis of anisotropic semicrystalline particles from liquid emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Baihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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22
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Gaillard T, George M, Gastaldi E, Nallet F, Fabre P. An experimental and theoretical study of the erosion of semi-crystalline polymers and the subsequent generation of microparticles. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8302-8312. [PMID: 31549700 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase of plastics and microplastics in the environment is a major environmental challenge. Still, little is known about the degradation kinetics of macroplastics into smaller particles, under the joint actions of micro-organisms and physico-chemical factors, like UV or mechanical constraints. In order to gain insight into (bio)-degradation in various media, we perform accelerated erosion experiments by using a well-known enzymatic system. We show that the microstructure of semi-crystalline polymers plays a crucial role in the pattern formation at their surface. For the first time, the release of fragments of micrometric size is evidenced, through a mechanism that does not involve fracture propagation. A geometric erosion model allows a quantitative understanding of erosion rates and surface patterns, and provides a critical heterogeneity size, parting two types of behavior: spherulites either released, or eroded in situ. This new geometric approach could constitute a useful tool to predict the erosion kinetics and micro-particle generation in various media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Gaillard
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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23
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Improving the Hydrolysis Rate of the Renewable Poly(hexamethylene sebacate) Through Copolymerization of a Bis(pyrrolidone)-Based Dicarboxylic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101654. [PMID: 31614558 PMCID: PMC6835251 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report on the synthesis of a series of polyesters based on 1,6-hexanediol, sebacic acid, and N,N’-dimethylene-bis(pyrrolidone-4-carboxylic acid) (BP-C2), of which the latter is derived from renewable itaconic acid and 1,2-ethanediamine. Copolymers with a varying amount of BP-C2 as dicarboxylic acid are synthesized using a melt-polycondensation reaction with the aim of controlling the hydrolysis rate of the polymers in water or under bioactive conditions. We demonstrate that the introduction of BP-C2 in the polymer backbone does not limit the molecular weight build-up, as polymers with a weight average molecular weight close to 20 kg/mol and higher are obtained. Additionally, as the BP-C2 moiety is excluded from the crystal structure of poly(hexamethylene sebacate), the increase in BP-C2 concentration effectively results in a suppression in both melting temperature and crystallinity of the polymers. Overall, we demonstrate that the BP-C2 moiety enhances the polymer’s affinity to water, effectively improving the water uptake and rate of hydrolysis, both in demineralized water and in the presence of a protease from Bacillus licheniformis.
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24
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Al Hosni AS, Pittman JK, Robson GD. Microbial degradation of four biodegradable polymers in soil and compost demonstrating polycaprolactone as an ideal compostable plastic. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 97:105-114. [PMID: 31447017 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are an indispensable material but also a major environmental pollutant. In contrast, biodegradable polymers have the potential to be compostable. The biodegradation of four polymers as discs, polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(1,4 butylene) succinate (PBS) was compared in soil and compost over a period of more than 10 months at 25 °C, 37 °C and 50 °C. Degradation rates varied between the polymers and incubation temperatures but PCL showed the fastest degradation rate under all conditions and was completely degraded when buried in compost and incubated at 50 °C after 91 days. Furthermore, PCL strips showed a significant reduction in tensile strength in just 2 weeks when incubated in compost >45 °C. Various fungal strains growing on the polymer surfaces were identified by sequence analysis. Aspergillus fumigatus was most commonly found at 25 °C and 37 °C, while Thermomyces lanuginosus, which was abundant at 50 °C, was associated with PCL degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S Al Hosni
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Geoffrey D Robson
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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25
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Shuai C, Li Y, Feng P, Yang W, Zhao Z, Liu W. Montmorillonite reduces crystallinity of poly‐l‐lactic acid scaffolds to accelerate degradation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou China
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
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26
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27
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Alizadeh-Osgouei M, Li Y, Wen C. A comprehensive review of biodegradable synthetic polymer-ceramic composites and their manufacture for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2018; 4:22-36. [PMID: 30533554 PMCID: PMC6258879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of various materials in biomedical procedures has recently experienced rapid growth. One area that is currently receiving significant attention from the scientific community is the treatment of a number of different types of bone-related diseases and disorders by using biodegradable polymer-ceramic composites. Biomaterials, the most common materials used to repair or replace damaged parts of the human body, can be categorized into three major groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers. Composites can be manufactured by combining two or more materials to achieve enhanced biocompatibility and biomechanical properties for specific applications. Biomaterials must display suitable properties for their applications, about strength, durability, and biological influence. Metals and their alloys such as titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-based alloys have been widely investigated for implant-device applications because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, these materials may also manifest biological issues such as toxicity, poor tissue adhesion and stress shielding effect due to their high elastic modulus. To mitigate these issues, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been used on metals because their chemical composition is similar to that of bone and teeth. Recently, a wide range of synthetic polymers such as poly (l-lactic acid) and poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) have been studied for different biomedical applications, owing to their promising biocompatibility and biodegradability. This article gives an overview of synthetic polymer-ceramic composites with a particular emphasis on calcium phosphate group and their potential applications in tissue engineering. It is hoped that synthetic polymer-ceramic composites such as PLLA/HA and PCL/HA will provide advantages such as eliminating the stress shielding effect and the consequent need for revision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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28
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Melt Viscoelastic Assessment of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composting: Influence of UV Ageing. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102682. [PMID: 30340360 PMCID: PMC6222331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is devoted to the degradation pathway (bio, photo degradation and photo/bio) of Poly(Lactic acid) PLA polymers by means of melt viscoelasticity. A comparison was made between three PLA polymers with different microstructures (L, D stereoisomers). Biodegradability was determined during composting by burying the polymer films in compost at 58 °C. Melt viscoelasticity was used to assess the molecular evolution of the materials during the composting process. Viscoelastic data were plotted in the complex plane. We used this methodology to check the kinetics of the molecular weight decrease during the initial stages of the degradation, through the evolution of Newtonian viscosity. After a few days in compost, the Newtonian viscosity decreased sharply, meaning that macromolecular chain scissions began at the beginning of the experiments. However, a double molar mass distribution was also observed on Cole–Cole plots, indicating that there is also a chain recombination mechanism competing with the chain scission mechanism. PLA hydrolysis was observed by infra-red spectroscopy, where acid characteristic peaks appeared and became more intense during experiments, confirming hydrolytic activity during the first step of biodegradation. During UV ageing, polymer materials undergo a deep molecular evolution. After photo-degradation, lower viscosities were measured during biodegradation, but no significant differences in composting were found.
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29
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Sedničková M, Pekařová S, Kucharczyk P, Bočkaj J, Janigová I, Kleinová A, Jochec-Mošková D, Omaníková L, Perďochová D, Koutný M, Sedlařík V, Alexy P, Chodák I. Changes of physical properties of PLA-based blends during early stage of biodegradation in compost. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:434-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Muroga S, Hikima Y, Ohshima M. Visualization of hydrolysis in polylactide using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Muroga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Katsura-Campus, Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuta Hikima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Katsura-Campus, Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Katsura-Campus, Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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31
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Karamanlioglu M, Preziosi R, Robson GD. Abiotic and biotic environmental degradation of the bioplastic polymer poly(lactic acid): A review. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Kikkawa Y, Tanaka S, Norikane Y. Photo-triggered enzymatic degradation of biodegradable polymers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Control over the initiation of enzymatic degradation of biodegradable polymers was demonstrated by tuning the solid-molten state of a surface coated azo-compound with light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Satoko Tanaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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33
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Hydrolysis and Biodegradation of Poly(lactic acid). SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2016_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko IWASAKI
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University
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35
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Farah S, Anderson DG, Langer R. Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:367-392. [PMID: 27356150 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1047] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), so far, is the most extensively researched and utilized biodegradable aliphatic polyester in human history. Due to its merits, PLA is a leading biomaterial for numerous applications in medicine as well as in industry replacing conventional petrochemical-based polymers. The main purpose of this review is to elaborate the mechanical and physical properties that affect its stability, processability, degradation, PLA-other polymers immiscibility, aging and recyclability, and therefore its potential suitability to fulfill specific application requirements. This review also summarizes variations in these properties during PLA processing (i.e. thermal degradation and recyclability), biodegradation, packaging and sterilization, and aging (i.e. weathering and hygrothermal). In addition, we discuss up-to-date strategies for PLA properties improvements including components and plasticizer blending, nucleation agent addition, and PLA modifications and nanoformulations. Incorporating better understanding of the role of these properties with available improvement strategies is the key for successful utilization of PLA and its copolymers/composites/blends to maximize their fit with worldwide application needs.
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36
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Iwasaki Y, Takemoto K, Tanaka S, Taniguchi I. Low-Temperature Processable Block Copolymers That Preserve the Function of Blended Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2466-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials
and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kyohei Takemoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials
and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials
and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Ikuo Taniguchi
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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37
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Hajighasemi M, Nocek BP, Tchigvintsev A, Brown G, Flick R, Xu X, Cui H, Hai T, Joachimiak A, Golyshin PN, Savchenko A, Edwards EA, Yakunin AF. Biochemical and Structural Insights into Enzymatic Depolymerization of Polylactic Acid and Other Polyesters by Microbial Carboxylesterases. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2027-39. [PMID: 27087107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester derived from renewable resources, which is a leading candidate for the replacement of traditional petroleum-based polymers. Since the global production of PLA is quickly growing, there is an urgent need for the development of efficient recycling technologies, which will produce lactic acid instead of CO2 as the final product. After screening 90 purified microbial α/β-hydrolases, we identified hydrolytic activity against emulsified PLA in two uncharacterized proteins, ABO2449 from Alcanivorax borkumensis and RPA1511 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Both enzymes were also active against emulsified polycaprolactone and other polyesters as well as against soluble α-naphthyl and p-nitrophenyl monoesters. In addition, both ABO2449 and RPA1511 catalyzed complete or extensive hydrolysis of solid PLA with the production of lactic acid monomers, dimers, and larger oligomers as products. The crystal structure of RPA1511 was determined at 2.2 Å resolution and revealed a classical α/β-hydrolase fold with a wide-open active site containing a molecule of polyethylene glycol bound near the catalytic triad Ser114-His270-Asp242. Site-directed mutagenesis of both proteins demonstrated that the catalytic triad residues are important for the hydrolysis of both monoester and polyester substrates. We also identified several residues in RPA1511 (Gln172, Leu212, Met215, Trp218, and Leu220) and ABO2449 (Phe38 and Leu152), which were not essential for activity against soluble monoesters but were found to be critical for the hydrolysis of PLA. Our results indicate that microbial carboxyl esterases can efficiently hydrolyze various polyesters making them attractive biocatalysts for plastics depolymerization and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbod Hajighasemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Boguslaw P Nocek
- The Bioscience Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anatoli Tchigvintsev
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Greg Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Robert Flick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Tran Hai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bangor , Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- The Bioscience Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bangor , Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Alexander F Yakunin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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38
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Samthong C, Deetuam C, Yamaguchi M, Praserthdam P, Somwangthanaroj A. Effects of size and shape of dispersed poly(butylene terephthalate) on isothermal crystallization kinetics and morphology of poly(lactic acid) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chavakorn Samthong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Chutimar Deetuam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science; Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 1-1 Asahidai Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan
| | - Piyasan Praserthdam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Anongnat Somwangthanaroj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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39
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An Overview of Mechanical Properties and Material Modeling of Polylactide (PLA) for Medical Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:330-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Malwela T, Ray SS. Enzymatic degradation behavior of nanoclay reinforced biodegradable PLA/PBSA blend composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:131-42. [PMID: 25797405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Films of a biodegradable PLA/PBSA blend and blend-composites containing 2wt% of C20A, C30B and MEE were prepared by solvent casting and spin coating. The films were incubated in vials containing Tris-HCl buffer with Proteinase K, and their weight losses were measured after enzymatic degradation. The surface morphology before and after degradation tests was studied by SEM and in situ AFM. The results showed that neat PLA had a lower percentage weight loss than neat PBSA, whereas blending them resulted in an increased weight loss. The incorporation of C20A into the as-prepared blend accelerated the degradation rate, whereas C30B and MEE decelerated the degradation rate. Annealing at 70°C reduced the degradation rate of the blend, and the presence of nanoclays further reduced the degradation rates. Annealing at 120°C dramatically decelerated the degradation of the blend, whereas the incorporation of nanoclays accelerated the degradations rates. The enhancement of the degradation rates in the presence of nanoclays indicated that the degradation rates were mainly controlled by the PLA matrix. Thin films were also cast onto a silicon substrate using a spin coater, and enzymatic degradation on the completely crystalline surfaces revealed that enzymatic attack occurred by pitting and surface erosion of the thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Malwela
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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41
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Shearouse WC, Lillie LM, Reineke TM, Tolman WB. Sustainable Polyesters Derived from Glucose and Castor Oil: Building Block Structure Impacts Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:284-288. [PMID: 35596338 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Using the glucose derivatives isosorbide and glucarodilactone along with a castor oil derivative, 10-undecenoyl chloride, two monomers were synthesized: glucarodilactone undecenoate (GDLU) and isosorbide undecenoate (IU). These monomers were polymerized via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization to yield two homopolymers, P(GDLU) and P(IU), and two copolymers, P1(GDLU-co-IU) and P2(GDLU-co-IU), of similar number-averaged molecular weight and relative composition (51 and 61 kDa, Đ = 1.8 and 1.4, 46:54 and 52:48 mol percent). Comparison of the physical properties and degradation behavior of these polymers revealed divergent characteristics arising from differences in the nature of the carbohydrate building blocks. P(IU) is more thermally stable and has a lower glass transition temperature (Td = 369 °C, Tg = -10 °C) than P(GDLU) (Td = 206 °C, Tg = 32 °C) and P1,2(GDLU-co-IU) (Td = 210 and 203 °C, Tg = 1 and 7 °C). While all of the polymers were stable in acidic and neutral aqueous conditions, the two analogs containing GDLU hydrolytically degraded in the presence of base. Tensile testing of the systems revealed that both homopolymers are brittle materials while the P(GDLU-co-IU) is more tough. Notably, P1,2(GDLU-co-IU) was found to be a rubbery material with a low Young's modulus (0.020 and 0.002 GPa, respectively), displaying an average elongation at break of 480 and 640%, and shape memory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Shearouse
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Leon M. Lillie
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - William B. Tolman
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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42
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Liu D, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zhen Z, Wang P, Li J, Yi D, Jin Y, Yang D. Permeation measurement of gestodene for some biodegradable materials using Franz diffusion cells. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:413-20. [PMID: 27134544 PMCID: PMC4834674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA), Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(caprolactone-co-d,l-lactide) (PCDLLA) and poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-caprolactone) (PTCL) are recently used for clinical drug delivery system such as subcutaneous contraceptive implant capsule due to their biodegradable properties that they could possess long-term stable performance in vivo without removal, however their permeation rate is unknown. In the work, biodegradable material membranes were prepared by solvent evaporation using chloroform, and commercial silicone rubber membrane served as a control. Gestodene was used as a model drug. Gestodene has high biologic progestational activity which allows for high contraceptive reliability at very low-dose levels. The permeation rate of gestodene for several biodegradable materials was evaluated. In vitro diffusion studies were done using Franz diffusion cells with a diffusion area of 1.33 cm2. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4), 10% methanol solution and distilled water were taken in donor and receiver chambers at temperature of 37 °C respectively. The in vitro experiments were conducted over a period of 24 h during which samples were collected at regular intervals. The withdrawn samples were appropriately diluted and measured on UV–vis spectrophotometer at 247 nm. Conclusion data from our study showed that permeation rate of PCDLLA with CL ratio more than 70% could be more excellent than commercial silicone rubber membrane. They may be suitable as a candidate carrier for gestodene subcutaneous contraceptive implants in contraceptive fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chong Zhang
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 24 86800665; fax: +86 24 86806307.
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43
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Li Y, Xin S, Bian Y, Dong Q, Han C, Xu K, Dong L. Stereocomplex crystallite network in poly(d,l-lactide): formation, structure and the effect on shape memory behaviors and enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(d,l-lactide). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheological, mechanical properties and shape memory properties of PDLLA could be greatly improved through solution blending with sc-PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Shuangyang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Yijie Bian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Qinglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Changyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Lisong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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44
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Li J, Xiao P, Li H, Zhang Y, Xue F, Luo B, Huang S, Shang Y, Wen H, de Claville Christiansen J, Yu D, Jiang S. Crystalline structures and crystallization behaviors of poly(l-lactide) in poly(l-lactide)/graphene nanosheet composites. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00254k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
GNS existence in PLLA favors α′ crystal formation more than α crystal formation resulting in a shift of α′–α crystal formation transition toward high Tcs.
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45
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Effect of Rubberwood Content on Biodegradability of Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/368341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) biocomposites incorporated with rubberwood powder (RWP) were fabricated with various RWP weight fractions (i.e., 0 to 40% wt) by injection moulding process. The soil burial test was employed to examine the biodegradability of such biocomposites under outdoor environment for 60 days. The physical appearance, percentage weight loss, chemical structure, and mechanical properties before and after the soil burial test were determined. Apparent changes in physical appearance of the biocomposites from optical micrographs were detected in terms of surface morphology and colour. The percentage of crystallinity of PBS/RWP biocomposites was studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, and the XRD pattern revealed a decrease in percentage of crystallinity due to enhancing RWP weight fractions. This may be attributed to a presence of rubberwood powders providing more disordered molecular chain arrangement of PBS matrix and also an agglomeration of the rubberwood powder content at greater concentration as seen in SEM micrographs. With increasing RWP weight fractions and burial time, the results exhibited a considerable change in chemical structure (essentially ester linkage due to biodegradation mechanism of PBS), relatively greater percentage weight loss, and a substantial decrease in flexural properties. Consequently, the results indicate that incorporating RWP enhances biodegradability of PBS/RWP biocomposites; that is, the biodegradation rate of biocomposites increases with increasing RWP weight fractions and burial time.
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46
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Hydrolytic behavior of poly(lactic acid) films with different architecture modified by poly(dodecafluorheptyl methylacrylate). Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Surface control of hydrophilicity and degradability with block copolymers composed of lactide and cyclic carbonate bearing methoxyethoxyl groups. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Kaplan J, Lei H, Liu R, Padera R, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Imparting superhydrophobicity to biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) electrospun meshes. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2548-54. [PMID: 24901038 PMCID: PMC4215912 DOI: 10.1021/bm500410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a family of new poly(lactic acid-co-glycerol monostearate) (PLA-PGC18) copolymers and their use as biodegradable polymer dopants is reported to enhance the hydrophobicity of poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nonwoven meshes. Solutions of PLGA are doped with PLA-PGC18 and electrospun to form meshes with micrometer-sized fibers. Fiber diameter, percent doping, and copolymer composition influence the nonwetting nature of the meshes and alter their mechanical (tensile) properties. Contact angles as high as 160° are obtained with 30% polymer dopant. Lastly, these meshes are nontoxic, as determined by an NIH/3T3 cell biocompatibility assay, and displayed a minimal foreign body response when implanted in mice. In summary, a general method for constructing biodegradable fibrous meshes with tunable hydrophobicity is described for use in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah
A. Kaplan
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hongyi Lei
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert Padera
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yolonda L. Colson
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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49
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Husárová L, Pekařová S, Stloukal P, Kucharzcyk P, Verney V, Commereuc S, Ramone A, Koutny M. Identification of important abiotic and biotic factors in the biodegradation of poly(l-lactic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 71:155-62. [PMID: 24811902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradation of four poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) samples with molecular weights (MW) ranging from approximately 34 to 160kgmol(-1) was investigated under composting conditions. The biodegradation rate decreased, and initial retardation was discernible in parallel with the increasing MW of the polymer. Furthermore, the specific surface area of the polymer sample was identified as the important factor accelerating biodegradation. Microbial community compositions and dynamics during the biodegradation of different PLA were monitored by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, and were found to be virtually identical for all PLA materials and independent of MW. A specific PLA degrading bacteria was isolated and tentatively designated Thermopolyspora flexuosa FTPLA. The addition of a limited amount of low MW PLA did not accelerate the biodegradation of high MW PLA, suggesting that the process is not limited to the number of specific degraders and/or the induction of specific enzymes. In parallel, abiotic hydrolysis was investigated for the same set of samples and their courses found to be quasi-identical with the biodegradation of all four PLA samples investigated. This suggests that the abiotic hydrolysis represented a rate limiting step in the biodegradation process and the organisms present were not able to accelerate depolymerization significantly by the action of their enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Husárová
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Centre of Polymer Systems, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Technology, Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Pekařová
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Technology, Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stloukal
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Centre of Polymer Systems, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Technology, Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kucharzcyk
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Centre of Polymer Systems, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Verney
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, BP 80026, F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Sophie Commereuc
- Clermont Université, ENSCCF, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Ramone
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marek Koutny
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Centre of Polymer Systems, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Technology, Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
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Akagi T, Zhu Y, Shima F, Akashi M. Biodegradable nanoparticles composed of enantiomeric poly(γ-glutamic acid)-graft-poly(lactide) copolymers as vaccine carriers for dominant induction of cellular immunity. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:530-537. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60279f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stereocomplex nanoparticles composed of enantiomeric poly(γ-glutamic acid)-graft-poly(lactide) copolymers are excellent vaccine delivery carriers that can elicit potent cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takami Akagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shima
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita 565-0871, Japan
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