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Rajpurohit H, Eiteman MA. Nutrient-Limited Operational Strategies for the Microbial Production of Biochemicals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2226. [PMID: 36363817 PMCID: PMC9695796 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Limiting an essential nutrient has a profound impact on microbial growth. The notion of growth under limited conditions was first described using simple Monod kinetics proposed in the 1940s. Different operational modes (chemostat, fed-batch processes) were soon developed to address questions related to microbial physiology and cell maintenance and to enhance product formation. With more recent developments of metabolic engineering and systems biology, as well as high-throughput approaches, the focus of current engineers and applied microbiologists has shifted from these fundamental biochemical processes. This review draws attention again to nutrient-limited processes. Indeed, the sophisticated gene editing tools not available to pioneers offer the prospect of metabolic engineering strategies which leverage nutrient limited processes. Thus, nutrient- limited processes continue to be very relevant to generate microbially derived biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A. Eiteman
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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2
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Agarwal P, Soni R, Kaur P, Madan A, Mishra R, Pandey J, Singh S, Singh G. Cyanobacteria as a Promising Alternative for Sustainable Environment: Synthesis of Biofuel and Biodegradable Plastics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:939347. [PMID: 35903468 PMCID: PMC9325326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to alleviate the increasing plastic burden and carbon footprint on Earth, the role of certain microbes that are capable of capturing and sequestering excess carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by various anthropogenic means was studied. Cyanobacteria, which are photosynthetic prokaryotes, are promising alternative for carbon sequestration as well as biofuel and bioplastic production because of their minimal growth requirements, higher efficiency of photosynthesis and growth rates, presence of considerable amounts of lipids in thylakoid membranes, and cosmopolitan nature. These microbes could prove beneficial to future generations in achieving sustainable environmental goals. Their role in the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a source of intracellular energy and carbon sink is being utilized for bioplastic production. PHAs have emerged as well-suited alternatives for conventional plastics and are a parallel competitor to petrochemical-based plastics. Although a lot of studies have been conducted where plants and crops are used as sources of energy and bioplastics, cyanobacteria have been reported to have a more efficient photosynthetic process strongly responsible for increased production with limited land input along with an acceptable cost. The biodiesel production from cyanobacteria is an unconventional choice for a sustainable future as it curtails toxic sulfur release and checks the addition of aromatic hydrocarbons having efficient oxygen content, with promising combustion potential, thus making them a better choice. Here, we aim at reporting the application of cyanobacteria for biofuel production and their competent biotechnological potential, along with achievements and constraints in its pathway toward commercial benefits. This review article also highlights the role of various cyanobacterial species that are a source of green and clean energy along with their high potential in the production of biodegradable plastics.
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3
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Liu R, Li S, Tu Y, Hao X, Qiu F. Recovery of value-added products by mining microalgae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114512. [PMID: 35066198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae blooms are always blamed for the interruption of the aquatic environment and pose a risk to the source of drinking water. Meanwhile, microalgae as primary producers are a kind of resource pool and could benefit the environment and contribute to building a circular economy. The lipid and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the cells of microalgae could be alternatives to fossil fuels and plastics, respectively, which are the culprits of global warming and plastic pollution. Besides, some microalgae are rich in nutrients, such as proteins and astaxanthin, which make themselves suitable for feed additives. As wastewater is rich in nutrients necessary for microalgae, thus, value-added product recovery via microalgae could be an approach to valorizing wastewater. However, a one-size-fits-all approach deploying various wastewater for the above products cannot be summarized. On the contrary, specific technical protocols should be tailored regarding each product in microalgae biomass with various wastewater. Thus, this review is to summarize the research effort by far on wastewater-cultivated microalgae for value-added products. Wastewater type, regulation methods, and targeted product yields are compiled and discussed and are expected to guide future extrapolation into a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranbin Liu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Siqi Li
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yingfan Tu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Fuguo Qiu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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4
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Kettner A, Noll M, Griehl C. Leptolyngbya sp. NIVA-CYA 255, a Promising Candidate for Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Production under Mixotrophic Deficiency Conditions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040504. [PMID: 35454093 PMCID: PMC9030801 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a promising source for the sustainable production of biodegradable bioplastics such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). The auto-phototrophic biomass formation is based on light and CO2, which is an advantage compared to heterotrophic PHB-producing systems. So far, only a handful of cyanobacterial species suitable for the high-yield synthesis of PHB have been reported. In the present study, the PHB formation, biomass, and elemental composition of Leptolyngbya sp. NIVA-CYA 255 were investigated. Therefore, a three-stage cultivation process was applied, consisting of a growth stage; an N-, P-, and NP-depleted phototrophic stage; and a subsequent mixotrophic deficiency stage, initiated by sodium acetate supplementation. The extracted cyanobacterial PHB was confirmed by FTIR- and GC-MS analyses. Furthermore, the fluorescent dyes LipidGreen2 and Nile red were used for fluorescence-based monitoring and the visualization of PHB. LipidGreen2 was well suited for PHB quantification, while the application of Nile red was limited by fluorescence emission crosstalk with phycocyanin. The highest PHB yields were detected in NP- (325 mg g−1) and N-deficiency (213 mg g−1). The glycogen pool was reduced in all cultures during mixotrophy, while lipid composition was not affected. The highest glycogen yield was formed under N-deficiency (217 mg g−1). Due to the high carbon storage capacity and PHB formation, Leptolyngbya sp. NIVA-CYA 255 is a promising candidate for PHB production. Further work will focus on upscaling to a technical scale and monitoring the formation by LipidGreen2-based fluorometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kettner
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Strasse 55, 06366 Koethen, Germany;
| | - Matthias Noll
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Friedrich-Streib-Str. 2, 96450 Coburg, Germany;
| | - Carola Griehl
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Strasse 55, 06366 Koethen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-3496-67-2526
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5
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Mal N, Satpati G, Raghunathan S, Davoodbasha M. Current strategies on algae-based biopolymer production and scale-up. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133178. [PMID: 34890607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The craving for an alternative to the existing plastic products gives rise to the concept of algae-based bioplastic production, which appears to be excellently biodegradable and cost-effective. The significant assortment of algal biopolymers draws great attention to stop the surge of plastic waste and to mitigate the burning problems of environmental pollution. The polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are naturally-occurring biopolymers found in the form of esters accumulated within a number of microbes, which provides the pillar for several biomolecules. This review summarizes the global scenario as well as the precise technique of algae-based PHA extraction and bioplastic production. In addition, different techniques for valorisation of PHA production, its biodegradability and its commercial applications are also taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navonil Mal
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - GourGopal Satpati
- Department of Botany, Bangabasi Evening College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sathya Raghunathan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
| | - MubarakAli Davoodbasha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India; Centre for Micro Algal and Nano Biotechnology (CeMANT), Crescent Innovation and Incubation Council (CIIC), B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India; Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Simonazzi M, Pezzolesi L, Galletti P, Gualandi C, Pistocchi R, De Marco N, Paganelli Z, Samorì C. Production of polyhydroxybutyrate by the cyanobacterium cf. Anabaena sp. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:92-99. [PMID: 34536471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by the cyanobacterium cf. Anabaena sp. was here studied by varying the medium composition and the carbon source used to induce mixotrophic growth conditions. The highest PHB productivity (0.06 gPHB gbiomass-1 d-1) was observed when cultivating cf. Anabaena sp. in phosphorus-free medium and in the presence of sodium acetate (5.0 g L-1 concentration), after an incubation period of 7 days. A content of 40% of PHB on biomass, a dry weight of 0.1 g L-1, and a photosynthetic efficiency equal to the control were obtained. The cyanobacterium was then grown on a larger scale (10 L) to evaluate the characteristics of the produced PHB in relation to the main composition of the biomass (the content of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids): after an incubation period of 7 days, a content of 6% of lipids (52% of which as unsaturated fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms), 12% of polysaccharides, 28% of proteins, and 46% of PHB was reached. The extracted PHB had a molecular weight of 3 MDa and a PDI of 1.7. These promising results demonstrated that cf. Anabaena sp. can be included among the Cyanobacteria species able to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) either in photoautotrophic or mixotrophic conditions, especially when it is grown under phosphorus-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simonazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale (CIRI) Meccanica Avanzata e Materiali (CIRI-MAM) Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Nicole De Marco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Zoe Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia (CIRI-FRAME), Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy.
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7
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Hong K, Beld J, Davis TD, Burkart MD, Palenik B. Screening and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate granules, and phylogenetic analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene PhaC in cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:754-765. [PMID: 33350471 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using Nile Red and BODIPY 493/503 dye-staining and fluorescence microscopy, twenty cyanobacterial strains, including ten commercially available strains and ten environmental isolates from estuaries, freshwater ponds, and lagoons, were screened for the accumulation of ecologically important and potentially biotechnologically significant carbon storage granules such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Dye-staining granules were observed in six strains. Three Synechocystis, spp. strains WHSYN, LSNM, and CGF-1, and a Phormidium-like sp. CGFILA were isolated from environmental sources and found to produce granules of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) according to PHA synthase gene (phaC) PCR screening and 1 H NMR analyses. The environmental isolate, Nodularia sp. Las Olas and commercially available Phormidium cf. iriguum CCALA 759 displayed granules but screened negative for PHA according to phaC PCR and 1 H NMR analyses. Partial polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase subunit C (phaC) and 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from the PHA-accumulating strains and analyzed alongside publicly available phaC, phaE, 16S rRNA, and 23S rRNA data help in understanding the distribution and evolutionary history of PHA biosynthesis within the phylum Cyanobacteria. The data show that the presence of phaC is highly conserved within the genus Synechocystis, and present in at least one isolate of Phormidium. Maximum likelihood analyses and cophylogenetic modeling of PHA synthase gene sequences provide evidence of a recent horizontal gene transfer event between distant genera of cyanobacteria related to Pleurocapsa sp. PCC 7327 and Phormidium-like sp. CGFILA. These findings will help guide additional screening for PHA producers, and may explain why some Phormidium species produce PHAs, while others do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Hong
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0202, USA
| | - Joris Beld
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0202, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Tony D Davis
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0202, USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0202, USA
| | - Brian Palenik
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0202, USA
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8
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Amadu AA, Qiu S, Ge S, Addico GND, Ameka GK, Yu Z, Xia W, Abbew AW, Shao D, Champagne P, Wang S. A review of biopolymer (Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in microbes cultivated on wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143729. [PMID: 33310224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The large quantities of non-degradable single use plastics, production and disposal, in addition to increasing amounts of municipal and industrial wastewaters are among the major global issues known today. Biodegradable plastics from biopolymers such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB) produced by microorganisms are potential substitutes for non-degradable petroleum-based plastics. This paper reviews the current status of wastewater-cultivated microbes utilized in PHB production, including the various types of wastewaters suitable for either pure or mixed culture PHB production. PHB-producing strains that have the potential for commercialization are also highlighted with proposed selection criteria for choosing the appropriate PHB microbe for optimization of processes. The biosynthetic pathways involved in producing microbial PHB are also discussed to highlight the advancements in genetic engineering techniques. Additionally, the paper outlines the factors influencing PHB production while exploring other metabolic pathways and metabolites simultaneously produced along with PHB in a bio-refinery context. Furthermore, the paper explores the effects of extraction methods on PHB yield and quality to ultimately facilitate the commercial production of biodegradable plastics. This review uniquely discusses the developments in research on microbial biopolymers, specifically PHB and also gives an overview of current commercial PHB companies making strides in cutting down plastic pollution and greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Algade Amadu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Gloria Naa Dzama Addico
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Water Research Institute (WRI), P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Komla Ameka
- Department of Botany, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG55, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Abdul-Wahab Abbew
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Dadong Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sufeng Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
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Ma M, Liu Y, Bai C, Yang Y, Sun Z, Liu X, Zhang S, Han X, Yong JWH. The Physiological Functionality of PGR5/PGRL1-Dependent Cyclic Electron Transport in Sustaining Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:702196. [PMID: 34305990 PMCID: PMC8294387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.702196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic electron transport (CET), after the linear electron transport (LET), is another important electron transport pathway during the light reactions of photosynthesis. The proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5)/PRG5-like photosynthetic phenotype 1 (PGRL1) and the NADH dehydrogenase-like complex pathways are linked to the CET. Recently, the regulation of CET around photosystem I (PSI) has been recognized as crucial for photosynthesis and plant growth. Here, we summarized the main biochemical processes of the PGR5/PGRL1-dependent CET pathway and its physiological significance in protecting the photosystem II and PSI, ATP/NADPH ratio maintenance, and regulating the transitions between LET and CET in order to optimize photosynthesis when encountering unfavorable conditions. A better understanding of the PGR5/PGRL1-mediated CET during photosynthesis might provide novel strategies for improving crop yield in a world facing more extreme weather events with multiple stresses affecting the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Ma
- College of Land and Environment, National Key Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Key Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yifei Liu, ; Xiaori Han,
| | - Chunming Bai
- National Sorghum Improvement Center, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhong Yang
- Professional Technology Innovation Center of Magnesium Nutrition, Yingkou Magnesite Chemical Ind Group Co., Ltd., Yingkou, China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- College of Land and Environment, National Key Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Key Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, National Key Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaori Han
- College of Land and Environment, National Key Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Liu, ; Xiaori Han,
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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10
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Mourão MM, Gradíssimo DG, Santos AV, Schneider MPC, Faustino SMM, Vasconcelos V, Xavier LP. Optimization of Polyhydroxybutyrate Production by Amazonian Microalga Stigeoclonium sp. B23. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1628. [PMID: 33287108 PMCID: PMC7761742 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work established the optimization and production of biodegradable thermoplastic polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Amazonian microalga Stigeoclonium sp. B23. The optimization was performed in eight different growth media conditions of Stigeoclonium sp. B23, supplemented with sodium acetate and sodium bicarbonate and total deprivation of sodium nitrate. B23 was stained with Nile Red, and PHB was extracted and quantified by correlating the amount of fluorescence and biopolymer concentration through spectrofluorimetry and spectrophotometry, respectively. Our results detected the production of PHB in Stigeoclonium sp. B23 and in all modified media. Treatment with increased acetate and bicarbonate and without nitrate gave the highest concentration of PHB, while the treatment with only acetate gave the lowest among supplemented media. Our results showed a great potential of Stigeoclonium sp. B23, the first Amazonian microalga reported on PHB production. The microalga was isolated from a poorly explored and investigated region and proved to be productive when compared to other cyanobacterial and bacterial species. Additionally, microalga biomass changes due to the nutritional conditions and, reversely, biopolymer is well-synthetized. This great potential could lead to the pursuit of new Amazonian microalgae species in the search for alternative polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Moraes Mourão
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.G.); (L.P.X.)
| | - Diana Gomes Gradíssimo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.G.); (L.P.X.)
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.G.); (L.P.X.)
| | - Maria Paula Cruz Schneider
- Genomics and Systems Biology Center, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Maria Mathes Faustino
- Laboratory of Algae Cultivation and Bioprospecting, Pharmacy Coordination, Federal University of Amapá, Marco Zero do Equador Campus, Juscelino Kubitschek Highway, Km 2, 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil;
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, General Norton de Matos Av., 4450-208 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campo Alegre Street, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformations, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.G.); (L.P.X.)
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11
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Novel unexpected functions of PHA granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4795-4810. [PMID: 32303817 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyesters accumulated by numerous prokaryotes in the form of intracellular granules, have been for decades considered being predominantly storage molecules. However, numerous recent discoveries revealed and emphasized their complex biological role for microbial cells. Most of all, it was repeatedly reported and confirmed that the presence of PHA granules in prokaryotic cells enhances stress resistance and robustness of microbes against various environmental stress factors such as high or low temperature, freezing, oxidative, and osmotic pressure. It seems that protective mechanisms of PHA granules are associated with their extraordinary architecture and biophysical properties as well as with the complex and deeply interconnected nature of PHA metabolism. Therefore, this review aims at describing novel and unexpected properties of PHA granules with respect to their contribution to stress tolerance of various prokaryotes including common mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, but also extremophiles or photo-autotrophic cyanobacteria. KEY POINTS: • PHA granules present in bacterial cells reveal unique properties and functions. • PHA enhances stress robustness of bacterial cells.
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12
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Industrial Production of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate from CO2: Can Cyanobacteria Meet this Challenge? Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing impact of plastic materials on the environment is a growing global concern. In regards to this circumstance, it is a major challenge to find new sources for the production of bioplastics. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is characterized by interesting features that draw attention for research and commercial ventures. Indeed, PHB is eco-friendly, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Bacterial fermentation processes are a known route to produce PHB. However, the production of PHB through the chemoheterotrophic bacterial system is very expensive due to the high costs of the carbon source for the growth of the organism. On the contrary, the production of PHB through the photoautotrophic cyanobacterium system is considered an attractive alternative for a low-cost PHB production because of the inexpensive feedstock (CO2 and light). This paper regards the evaluation of four independent strategies to improve the PHB production by cyanobacteria: (i) the design of the medium; (ii) the genetic engineering to improve the PHB accumulation; (iii) the development of robust models as a tool to identify the bottleneck(s) of the PHB production to maximize the production; and (iv) the continuous operation mode in a photobioreactor for PHB production. The synergic effect of these strategies could address the design of the optimal PHB production process by cyanobacteria. A further limitation for the commercial production of PHB via the biotechnological route are the high costs related to the recovery of PHB granules. Therefore, a further challenge is to select a low-cost and environmentally friendly process to recover PHB from cyanobacteria.
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13
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Arisaka S, Terahara N, Oikawa A, Osanai T. Increased polyhydroxybutyrate levels by ntcA overexpression in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Dutt V, Srivastava S. Novel quantitative insights into carbon sources for synthesis of poly hydroxybutyrate in Synechocystis PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:303-314. [PMID: 29124651 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many freshwater cyanobacteria accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) under nitrogen or phosphorus deprivation. While prior literature has shed lights on transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells, the quantitative contributions of the newly fixed carbon following nitrogen deprivation or the externally added acetate to PHB synthesis are not clear. Similarly, it is not clear how photomixotrophy affects precursor contributions. In this study, we show that (i) the pre-growth mode (photoautotrophic or photomixotrophic), while significantly impacting glycogen levels, does not have any significant effect on PHB levels, (ii) the carbon fixed following nitrogen deprivation contributes 26% of C for PHB synthesis in photoautotrophically pre-grown cells and its contribution to the PHB synthesis goes down with the addition of acetate at the resuspension phase or with photomixotrophic pre-growth, (iii) the acetate added at the start of nitrogen deprivation, doubles the intracellular PHB levels and contributes 44-48% to PHB synthesis and this value is not greatly affected by how the cells were pre-grown. Indirectly, the labeling studies also show that the intracellular C recycling is the most important source of precursors for PHB synthesis, contributing about 74-87% of the C for PHB synthesis in the absence of acetate. The addition of acetate significantly reduces its contribution. In photoautotrophic pre-growth followed by acetate addition under nitrogen starvation, the contribution of intracellular C reduces to about 34%. Thus, our study provides several novel quantitative insights on how prior nutritional status affects the precursor contributions for PHB synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Dutt
- Systems Biology for Biofuels Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shireesh Srivastava
- Systems Biology for Biofuels Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India.
- DBT-ICGEB Center for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India.
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15
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Ojha N, Das N. A Statistical approach to optimize the production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-NN01 using Response Surface Methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2157-2170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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17
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Zilliges Y, Damrow R. Quantitative Determination of Poly- β-hydroxybutyrate in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2402. [PMID: 34541133 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria synthesize a variety of chemically-different, high-value biopolymers such as glycogen (polyglucose), poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), cyanophycin (polyamide of arginine and aspartic acid) and volutin (polyphosphate) under excess conditions. Especially under unbalanced C to N ratios, glycogen and in some cyanobacterial genera also PHB are massively accumulated in the progression of the general nitrogen stress response. Several different technologies have been established for in situ and in vitro PHB analysis from different microbial sources. In this protocol, a rapid and reliable spectrophotometric method is described for PHB quantification in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 upon nitrogen deprivation as described in ( Damrow et al., 2016 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Zilliges
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Experimental Physics/Biophysics and Photosynthesis, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramon Damrow
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology/Biochemistry of Plants, Chausseestr. 117, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Koller M, Maršálek L, de Sousa Dias MM, Braunegg G. Producing microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters in a sustainable manner. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:24-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Kavitha G, Kurinjimalar C, Sivakumar K, Kaarthik M, Aravind R, Palani P, Rengasamy R. Optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate production utilizing waste water as nutrient source by Botryococcus braunii Kütz using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:534-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Johnson TJ, Gibbons JL, Gu L, Zhou R, Gibbons WR. Molecular genetic improvements of cyanobacteria to enhance the industrial potential of the microbe: A review. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1357-1371. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tylor J. Johnson
- Dept. of Biology and MicrobiologySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD57007
- Dept. of MicrobiologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxville TN37996
| | - Jaimie L. Gibbons
- Dept. of Biology and MicrobiologySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD57007
| | - Liping Gu
- Dept. of Biology and MicrobiologySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD57007
| | - Ruanbao Zhou
- Dept. of Biology and MicrobiologySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD57007
| | - William R. Gibbons
- Dept. of Biology and MicrobiologySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD57007
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21
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Khetkorn W, Incharoensakdi A, Lindblad P, Jantaro S. Enhancement of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate production in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by overexpression of its native biosynthetic genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:761-768. [PMID: 27213577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strains overexpressing pha genes were constructed and characterized for poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. These pha overexpressing strains showed slightly reduced growth rates. Under N-deprived condition, the strains overexpressing (OE) phaAB, phaEC and phaABEC showed significantly higher PHB contents than the wild type. The maximum PHB content, a 2.6-fold increase producing 26% PHB (dcw), was observed in OE phaAB cells grown for 9days in N-deprived medium. Under this condition, these OE phaAB cells increased PHB production to 35% PHB (dcw) upon addition of 0.4% (w/v) acetate. Higher PHB granules in OE phaAB cells were clearly visualized by both Nile red staining and TEM imaging. All OE strains under N-deficient condition had increased glgX transcript levels. Overall results demonstrate an enhanced PHB production in Synechocystis cells overexpressing pha genes, particularly phaA and phaB, when grown in N-deprived medium containing 0.4% (w/v) acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanthanee Khetkorn
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Saowarath Jantaro
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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22
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Cyanobacterial Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB): Screening, Optimization and Characterization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158168. [PMID: 27359097 PMCID: PMC4928839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern life petroleum-based plastic has become indispensable due to its frequent use as an easily available and a low cost packaging and moulding material. However, its rapidly growing use is causing aquatic and terrestrial pollution. Under these circumstances, research and development for biodegradable plastic (bioplastics) is inevitable. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a type of microbial polyester that accumulates as a carbon/energy storage material in various microorganisms can be a good alternative. In this study, 23 cyanobacterial strains (15 heterocystous and 8 non-heterocystous) were screened for PHB production. The highest PHB (6.44% w/w of dry cells) was detected in Nostoc muscorum NCCU- 442 and the lowest in Spirulina platensis NCCU-S5 (0.51% w/w of dry cells), whereas no PHB was found in Cylindrospermum sp., Oscillatoria sp. and Plectonema sp. Presence of PHB granules in Nostoc muscorum NCCU- 442 was confirmed microscopically with Sudan black B and Nile red A staining. Pretreatment of biomass with methanol: acetone: water: dimethylformamide [40: 40: 18: 2 (MAD-I)] with 2 h magnetic bar stirring followed by 30 h continuous chloroform soxhlet extraction acted as optimal extraction conditions. Optimized physicochemical conditions viz. 7.5 pH, 30°C temperature, 10:14 h light:dark periods with 0.4% glucose (as additional carbon source), 1.0 gl-1 sodium chloride and phosphorus deficiency yielded 26.37% PHB on 7th day instead of 21st day. Using FTIR, 1H NMR and GC-MS, extracted polymer was identified as PHB. Thermal properties (melting temperature, decomposition temperatures etc.) of the extracted polymer were determined by TGA and DSC. Further, the polymer showed good tensile strength and young’s modulus with a low extension to break ratio comparable to petrochemical plastic. Biodegradability potential tested as weight loss percentage showed efficient degradation (24.58%) of PHB within 60 days by mixed microbial culture in comparison to petrochemical plastic.
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23
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Zhou J, Zhu T, Cai Z, Li Y. From cyanochemicals to cyanofactories: a review and perspective. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:2. [PMID: 26743222 PMCID: PMC4705643 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering cyanobacteria for production of chemicals from solar energy, CO2 and water is a potential approach to address global energy and environment issues such as greenhouse effect. To date, more than 20 chemicals have been synthesized by engineered cyanobacteria using CO2 as raw materials, and these studies have been well reviewed. However, unlike heterotrophic microorganisms, the low CO2 fixation rate makes it a long way to go from cyanochemicals to cyanofactories. Here we review recent progresses on improvement of carbon fixation and redistribution of intercellular carbon flux, and discuss the challenges for developing cyanofactories in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Taicheng Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China.
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24
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Rebouillat S, Pla F. Recent Strategies for the Development of Biosourced-Monomers, Oligomers and Polymers-Based Materials: A Review with an Innovation and a Bigger Data Focus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2016.74017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Lane CE, Benton MG. Detection of the enzymatically-active polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase subunit gene, phaC, in cyanobacteria via colony PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:454-460. [PMID: 26162861 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A colony PCR-based assay was developed to rapidly determine if a cyanobacterium of interest contains the requisite genetic material, the PHA synthase PhaC subunit, to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). The test is both high throughput and robust, owing to an extensive sequence analysis of cyanobacteria PHA synthases. The assay uses a single detection primer set and a single reaction condition across multiple cyanobacteria strains to produce an easily detectable positive result - amplification via PCR as evidenced by a band in electrophoresis. In order to demonstrate the potential of the presence of phaC as an indicator of a cyanobacteria's PHA accumulation capabilities, the ability to produce PHA was assessed for five cyanobacteria with a traditional in vivo PHA granule staining using an oxazine dye. The confirmed in vivo staining results were then compared to the PCR-based assay results and found to be in agreement. The colony PCR assay was capable of successfully detecting the phaC gene in all six of the diverse cyanobacteria tested which possessed the gene, while exhibiting no undesired product formation across the nine total cyanobacteria strains tested. The colony PCR quick prep provides sufficient usable DNA template such that this assay could be readily expanded to assess multiple genes of interest simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Lane
- Louisiana State University, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, 110 Chemical Engineering, South Stadium Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michael G Benton
- Louisiana State University, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, 110 Chemical Engineering, South Stadium Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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26
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Hondo S, Takahashi M, Osanai T, Matsuda M, Hasunuma T, Tazuke A, Nakahira Y, Chohnan S, Hasegawa M, Asayama M. Genetic engineering and metabolite profiling for overproduction of polyhydroxybutyrate in cyanobacteria. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:510-7. [PMID: 26055446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic engineering and metabolite profiling for the overproduction of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which is a carbon material in biodegradable plastics, were examined in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Transconjugants harboring cyanobacterial expression vectors that carried the pha genes for PHB biosynthesis were constructed. The overproduction of PHB by the engineering cells was confirmed through microscopic observations using Nile red, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We successfully recovered PHB from transconjugants prepared from nitrogen-depleted medium without sugar supplementation in which PHB reached approximately 7% (w/w) of the dry cell weight, showing a value of 12-fold higher productivity in the transconjugant than that in the control strain. We also measured the intracellular levels of acetyl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA, and 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (3HB-CoA), which are intermediate products for PHB. The results obtained indicated that these products were absent or at markedly low levels when cells were subjected to the steady-state growth phase of cultivation under nitrogen depletion for the overproduction of bioplastics. Based on these results, efficient factors were discussed for the overproduction of PHB in recombinant cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Hondo
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takahashi
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Takashi Osanai
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Tazuke
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakahira
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Shigeru Chohnan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Morifumi Hasegawa
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Munehiko Asayama
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Gudmundsson S, Nogales J. Cyanobacteria as photosynthetic biocatalysts: a systems biology perspective. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:60-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A review of cyanobacterial biocatalysts highlighting their metabolic features that argues for the need for systems-level metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Environmental Biology
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
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28
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Zhou J, Zhang H, Meng H, Zhang Y, Li Y. Production of optically pure d-lactate from CO2 by blocking the PHB and acetate pathways and expressing d-lactate dehydrogenase in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Peteu SF, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Nitro-oxidative species in vivo biosensing: Challenges and advances with focus on peroxynitrite quantification. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:359-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Liu P, Zhang H, Lv M, Hu M, Li Z, Gao C, Xu P, Ma C. Enzymatic production of 5-aminovalerate from L-lysine using L-lysine monooxygenase and 5-aminovaleramide amidohydrolase. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5657. [PMID: 25012259 PMCID: PMC4093655 DOI: 10.1038/srep05657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminovalerate is a potential C5 platform chemical for synthesis of valerolactam, 5-hydroxyvalerate, glutarate, and 1,5-pentanediol. It is a metabolite of l-lysine catabolism through the aminovalerate pathway in Pseudomonas putida. l-Lysine monooxygenase (DavB) and 5-aminovaleramide amidohydrolase (DavA) play key roles in the biotransformation of l-lysine into 5-aminovalerate. Here, DavB and DavA of P. putida KT2440 were expressed, purified, and coupled for the production of 5-aminovalerate from l-lysine. Under optimal conditions, 20.8 g/L 5-aminovalerate was produced from 30 g/L l-lysine in 12 h. Because l-lysine is an industrial fermentation product, the two-enzyme coupled system presents a promising alternative for the production of 5-aminovalerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mandong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China [2]
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Kothari A, Vaughn M, Garcia-Pichel F. Comparative genomic analyses of the cyanobacterium, Lyngbya aestuarii BL J, a powerful hydrogen producer. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:363. [PMID: 24376438 PMCID: PMC3858816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Lyngbya aestuarii is an important contributor to marine intertidal microbial mats system worldwide. The recent isolate L. aestuarii BL J, is an unusually powerful hydrogen producer. Here we report a morphological, ultrastructural, and genomic characterization of this strain to set the basis for future systems studies and applications of this organism. The filaments contain circa 17 μm wide trichomes, composed of stacked disk-like short cells (2 μm long), encased in a prominent, laminated exopolysaccharide sheath. Cellular division occurs by transversal centripetal growth of cross-walls, where several rounds of division proceed simultaneously. Filament division occurs by cell self-immolation of one or groups of cells (necridial cells) at the breakage point. Short, sheath-less, motile filaments (hormogonia) are also formed. Morphologically and phylogenetically L. aestuarii belongs to a clade of important cyanobacteria that include members of the marine Trichodesmiun and Hydrocoleum genera, as well as terrestrial Microcoleus vaginatus strains, and alkalyphilic strains of Arthrospira. A draft genome of strain BL J was compared to those of other cyanobacteria in order to ascertain some of its ecological constraints and biotechnological potential. The genome had an average GC content of 41.1%. Of the 6.87 Mb sequenced, 6.44 Mb was present as large contigs (>10,000 bp). It contained 6515 putative protein-encoding genes, of which, 43% encode proteins of known functional role, 26% corresponded to proteins with domain or family assignments, 19.6% encode conserved hypothetical proteins, and 11.3% encode apparently unique hypothetical proteins. The strain's genome reveals its adaptations to a life of exposure to intense solar radiation and desiccation. It likely employs the storage compounds, glycogen, and cyanophycin but no polyhydroxyalkanoates, and can produce the osmolytes, trehalose, and glycine betaine. According to its genome, BL J strain also has the potential to produce a plethora of products of biotechnological interest such as Curacin A, Barbamide, Hemolysin-type calcium-binding toxin, the suncreens scytonemin, and mycosporines, as well as heptadecane and pentadecane alkanes. With respect to hydrogen production, initial comparisons of the genetic architecture and sequence of relevant genes and loci, and a comparative model of protein structure of the NiFe bidirectional hydrogenase, did not reveal conspicuous differences that could explain its unusual hydrogen producing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kothari
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA
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Tsang TK, Roberson RW, Vermaas WFJ. Polyhydroxybutyrate particles in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: facts and fiction. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 118:37-49. [PMID: 24052269 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy has been used to identify poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules in cyanobacteria for over 40 years. Spherical inclusions inside the cell that are electron-transparent and/or slightly electron-dense and that are found in transmission electron micrographs of cyanobacteria are generally assumed to be PHB granules. The aim of this study was to test this assumption in different strains of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Inclusions that resemble PHB granules were present in strains lacking a pair of genes essential for PHB synthesis and in wild-type cells under conditions that no PHB granules could be detected by fluorescence staining of PHB. Indeed, in these cells PHB could not be demonstrated chemically by GC/MS either. Based on the results gathered, it is concluded that not all the slightly electron-dense spherical inclusions are PHB granules in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. This result is potentially applicable to other cyanobacteria. Alternate assignments for these inclusions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Ki Tsang
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA
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Osanai T, Numata K, Oikawa A, Kuwahara A, Iijima H, Doi Y, Tanaka K, Saito K, Hirai MY. Increased bioplastic production with an RNA polymerase sigma factor SigE during nitrogen starvation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. DNA Res 2013; 20:525-35. [PMID: 23861321 PMCID: PMC3859321 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Because cyanobacteria directly harvest CO2 and light energy, their carbon metabolism is important for both basic and applied sciences. Here, we show that overexpression of the sigma factor sigE in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 widely changes sugar catabolism and increases production of the biodegradable polyester polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) during nitrogen starvation. sigE overexpression elevates the levels of proteins implicated in glycogen catabolism, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. PHB accumulation is enhanced by sigE overexpression under nitrogen-limited conditions, yet the molecular weights of PHBs synthesized by the parental glucose-tolerant and sigE overexpression strain are similar. Although gene expression induced by nitrogen starvation is changed and other metabolites (such as GDP-mannose and citrate) accumulate under sigE overexpression, genetic engineering of this sigma factor altered the metabolic pathway from glycogen to PHB during nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Osanai
- 1RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Sathiyanarayanan G, Saibaba G, Seghal Kiran G, Selvin J. A statistical approach for optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate production by marine Bacillus subtilis MSBN17. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:170-7. [PMID: 23603079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The important biological macromolecule polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa and identified by means of 16S rRNA analysis. The central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the PHB production using cheap raw materials such as pulp industry waste (PIW), tamarind kernel powder (TKP), palm jaggery (PJ) and green gram flour (GGF). The extracted polymer was characterized by (1)H NMR analysis. The PIW was fed at three different intervals and the maximum production of PHB (19.08g/L) was attained after a period of 40h of incubation of B. subtilis. Dissolved oxygen, sodium chloride and nitrogen source were found to be the critical control factors that affected the PHB polymer production. The present investigation demonstrates an inexpensive model of producing PHB green thermoplastics in vitro for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang B, Pugh S, Nielsen DR, Zhang W, Meldrum DR. Engineering cyanobacteria for photosynthetic production of 3-hydroxybutyrate directly from CO2. Metab Eng 2013; 16:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Microbial production of poly(hydroxybutyrate) from C₁ carbon sources. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1407-24. [PMID: 23306640 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an attractive substitute for petrochemical plastic due to its similar properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The cost of scaled-up PHB production inhibits its widespread usage. Intensive researches are growing to reduce costs and improve thermomechanical, physical, and processing properties of this green biopolymer. Among cheap substrates which are used for reducing total cost of PHB production, some C₁ carbon sources, e.g., methane, methanol, and CO₂ have received a great deal of attention due to their serious role in greenhouse problem. This article reviews the fundamentals of strategies for reducing PHA production and moves on to the applications of several cheap substrates with a special emphasis on methane, methanol, and CO₂. Also, some explanation for involved microorganisms including the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and methanotrophs, their history, culture condition, and nutritional requirements are given. After description of some important strains among the hydrogen-oxidizing and methanotrophic producers of PHB, the article is focused on limitations, threats, and opportunities for application and their future trends.
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Adkins J, Pugh S, McKenna R, Nielsen DR. Engineering microbial chemical factories to produce renewable "biomonomers". Front Microbiol 2012; 3:313. [PMID: 22969753 PMCID: PMC3430982 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
By applying metabolic engineering tools and strategies to engineer synthetic enzyme pathways, the number and diversity of commodity and specialty chemicals that can be derived directly from renewable feedstocks is rapidly and continually expanding. This of course includes a number of monomer building-block chemicals that can be used to produce replacements to many conventional plastic materials. This review aims to highlight numerous recent and important advancements in the microbial production of these so-called "biomonomers." Relative to naturally-occurring renewable bioplastics, biomonomers offer several important advantages, including improved control over the final polymer structure and purity, the ability to synthesize non-natural copolymers, and allowing products to be excreted from cells which ultimately streamlines downstream recovery and purification. To highlight these features, a handful of biomonomers have been selected as illustrative examples of recent works, including polyamide monomers, styrenic vinyls, hydroxyacids, and diols. Where appropriate, examples of their industrial penetration to date and end-product uses are also highlighted. Novel biomonomers such as these are ultimately paving the way toward new classes of renewable bioplastics that possess a broader diversity of properties than ever before possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David R. Nielsen
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
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Designing and creating a modularized synthetic pathway in cyanobacterium Synechocystis enables production of acetone from carbon dioxide. Metab Eng 2012; 14:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Eberly JO, Ely RL. Photosynthetic accumulation of carbon storage compounds under CO₂ enrichment by the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:843-50. [PMID: 22383176 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The growth characteristics of Thermosynechococcus elongatus on elevated CO₂ were studied in a photobioreactor. Cultures were able to grow on up to 20% CO₂. The maximum productivity and CO₂ fixation rates were 0.09 ± 0.01 and 0.17 ± 0.01 mg ml⁻¹ day⁻¹, respectively, for cultures grown on 20% CO₂. Three major carbon pools--lipids, polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), and glycogen--were measured. These carbon stores accounted for 50% of the total biomass carbon in cultures grown on atmospheric CO₂ (no supplemental CO₂), but only accounted for 30% of the total biomass carbon in cultures grown on 5-20% CO₂. Lipid content was approximately 20% (w/w) under all experimental conditions, while PHB content reached 14.5% (w/w) in cultures grown on atmospheric CO₂ and decreased to approximately 2.0% (w/w) at 5-20% CO₂. Glycogen levels did not vary significantly and remained about 1.4% (w/w) under all test conditions. The maximum amount of CO₂ sequestered over the course of the nine-day chemostat experiment was 1.15 g l⁻¹ in cultures grown on 20% CO₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed O Eberly
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Gilmore Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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40
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Peroxynitrite and Nitroxidative Stress: Detection Probes and Micro-Sensors. A Case of a Nanostructured Catalytic Film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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41
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Xiao N, Jiao N. Formation of polyhydroxyalkanoate in aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and its relationship to carbon source and light availability. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7445-50. [PMID: 21908634 PMCID: PMC3209146 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05955-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) are unique players in carbon cycling in the ocean. Cellular carbon storage is an important mechanism regulating the nutrition status of AAPB but is not yet well understood. In this paper, six AAPB species (Dinoroseobacter sp. JL1447, Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114, Roseobacter litoralis OCh 149, Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12(T), Labrenzia alexandrii DFL 11(T), and Erythrobacter longus DSMZ 6997) were examined, and all of them demonstrated the ability to form the carbon polymer polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in the cell. The PHA in Dinoroseobacter sp. JL1447 was identified as poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) according to evidence from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy examinations. Carbon sources turned out to be critical for PHA production in AAPB. Among the eight media tested with Dinoroseobacter sp. JL1447, sodium acetate, giving a PHA production rate of 72%, was the most productive carbon source, followed by glucose, with a 68% PHA production rate. Such PHA production rates are among the highest recorded for all bacteria. The C/N ratio of substrates was verified by the experiments as another key factor in PHA production. In the case of R. denitrificans OCh 114, PHA was not detected when the organism was cultured at C/N ratios of <2 but became apparent at C/N ratios of >3. Light is also important for the formation of PHA in AAPB. In the case of Dinoroseobacter sp. JL1447, up to a one-quarter increase in PHB production was observed when the culture underwent growth in a light-dark cycle compared to growth completely in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
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42
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Impact of light quality and quantity on growth rate kinetics of Selenastrum capricornutum. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Ducat DC, Way JC, Silver PA. Engineering cyanobacteria to generate high-value products. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tyo KEJ, Jin YS, Espinoza FA, Stephanopoulos G. Identification of gene disruptions for increased poly-3-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in Synechocystis PCC 6803. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 25:1236-43. [PMID: 19606467 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inverse metabolic engineering (IME) is a combinatorial approach for identifying genotypes associated with a particular phenotype of interest. In this study, gene disruptions that increase the biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the photosynthetic bacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 were identified. A Synechocystis mutant library was constructed by homologous recombination between the Synechocystis genome and a mutagenized genomic plasmid library generated through transposon insertion. Using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based high throughput screen, high PHB accumulating mutants from the library grown in different nutrient conditions were isolated and characterized. While several mutants isolated from the screen had increased PHB accumulation, transposon insertions in only two ORFs could be linked to increased PHB production. Disruptions of sll0461, coding for gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase (proA), and sll0565, a hypothetical protein, resulted in increased accumulation in standard growth media and acetate supplemented media. These genetic perturbations have increased PHB accumulation in Synechocystis and serve as markers for engineering increased polymer production in higher photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E J Tyo
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
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Meunier CF, Rooke JC, Léonard A, Xie H, Su BL. Living hybrid materials capable of energy conversion and CO2 assimilation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3843-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c001799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a diverse and successful group of bacteria defined by their ability to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. They occupy diverse ecological niches and are important primary producers in the oceans. Cyanobacteria are amenable to genetic manipulation. Some strains are naturally transformable. Many others have been transformed in the lab by conjugation or electroporation. The ability to transform cyanobacteria has been determinant in the development of the molecular biology of these organisms and has been the basis of many of their biotechnological applications. Cyanobacteria are the source of natural products and toxins of potential use and can be engineered to synthesize substances of biotechnological interest. Their high protein and vitamin content makes them useful as a dietary supplement. Because of their ability to occupy diverse ecological niches, they can be used to deliver to the medium substances of interest or as biosensors.
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Mallick N, Sharma L, Kumar Singh A. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in Nostoc muscorum: effects of metabolic inhibitors. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 164:312-7. [PMID: 16542751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation in Nostoc muscorum was studied in presence of various metabolic inhibitors. Supplementation of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) was found to suppress PHB accumulation in phosphate-limited N. muscorum under photoautotrophic growth condition. PHB accumulation increased up to 21% and 17% from an initial PHB content of 8.5% of dry weight, respectively, under carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) treatment, whereas 2,4 -dinitrophenol (DNP) supplementation depicted insignificant effect on PHB pool of the test cyanobacterium. Supplementation of l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine (MSX) and azaserine was also found to increase PHB accumulation in N(2) -fixing and NH(4)(+) -grown N. muscorum, but not in NO(3)(-) -grown cells. The stimulatory action of monofluoroacetate on PHB accumulation was suppressed in presence of alpha-ketoglutarate and DCMU. Interestingly, 2,3 -butanedione supplementation was not only found inhibitory for accumulation of PHB in P-deficient, N-deficient and chemoheterotrophically grown N. muscorum but suppression of PHB synthesis was also evident in control cultures in presence of 2,3 -butanedione. The possible mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Mallick
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
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Sharma L, Panda B, Singh AK, Mallick N. Studies on poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate synthase activity of Nostoc muscorum. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2007; 52:209-14. [PMID: 17116969 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.52.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the PHB synthase activity of Nostoc muscorum, a N(2)-fixing cyanobacterium under control (grown in usual BG-11 medium), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deprivation and chemoheterotrophic conditions. Specific activity of PHB synthase did not depict significant variations in the latter three types of cultures, except for the control one, where a significantly lower activity was recorded. PHB synthase activity was detected only in the soluble fractions of both the control as well as cells incubated under chemoheterotrophic conditions. A K(m) of 80.2 microM DL-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and V(max) of 197.5 nmol thiobenzoate (TNB) mg protein(-1)min(-1) were observed for the enzyme. PHB synthase remained insensitive to acetyl-CoA, ATP, NADP, NADPH supplementation under in vitro condition. Addition of acetyl phosphate was found to activate the enzyme and the level of activation was dependent on the concentration of acetyl phosphate supplementation. Inhibition of PHB synthase in 2,3-butanedione supplemented cultures and reactivation following acetyl phosphate addition proved the post-translational control of acetyl phosphate over PHB synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxuman Sharma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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50
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Jau MH, Yew SP, Toh PSY, Chong ASC, Chu WL, Phang SM, Najimudin N, Sudesh K. Biosynthesis and mobilization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] by Spirulina platensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 36:144-51. [PMID: 16005060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2004] [Revised: 05/08/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three strains of Spirulina platensis isolated from different locations showed capability of synthesizing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] under nitrogen-starved conditions with a maximum accumulation of up to 10 wt.% of the cell dry weight (CDW) under mixotrophic culture conditions. Intracellular degradation (mobilization) of P(3HB) granules by S. platensis was initiated by the restoration of nitrogen source. This mobilization process was affected by both illumination and culture pH. The mobilization of P(3HB) was better under illumination (80% degradation) than in dark conditions (40% degradation) over a period of 4 days. Alkaline conditions (pH 10-11) were optimal for both biosynthesis and mobilization of P(3HB) at which 90% of the accumulated P(3HB) was mobilized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the mobilization of P(3HB) involved changes in granule quantity and morphology. The P(3HB) granules became irregular in shape and the boundary region was less defined. In contrast to bacteria, in S. platensis the intracellular mobilization of P(3HB) seems to be faster than the biosynthesis process. This is because in cyanobacteria chlorosis delays the P(3HB) accumulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hui Jau
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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