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Yan H, Zhang W, Wang Y, Jin J, Xu H, Fu Y, Shan Z, Wang X, Teng X, Li X, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhang W, Zhu C, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Cai Y, You X, Chen J, Ge X, Wang L, Xu J, Jiang L, Liu S, Lei C, Zhang X, Wang H, Ren Y, Wan J. Rice LIKE EARLY STARVATION1 cooperates with FLOURY ENDOSPERM6 to modulate starch biosynthesis and endosperm development. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1892-1912. [PMID: 38262703 PMCID: PMC11062441 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In cereal grains, starch is synthesized by the concerted actions of multiple enzymes on the surface of starch granules within the amyloplast. However, little is known about how starch-synthesizing enzymes access starch granules, especially for amylopectin biosynthesis. Here, we show that the rice (Oryza sativa) floury endosperm9 (flo9) mutant is defective in amylopectin biosynthesis, leading to grains exhibiting a floury endosperm with a hollow core. Molecular cloning revealed that FLO9 encodes a plant-specific protein homologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) LIKE EARLY STARVATION1 (LESV). Unlike Arabidopsis LESV, which is involved in starch metabolism in leaves, OsLESV is required for starch granule initiation in the endosperm. OsLESV can directly bind to starch by its C-terminal tryptophan (Trp)-rich region. Cellular and biochemical evidence suggests that OsLESV interacts with the starch-binding protein FLO6, and loss-of-function mutations of either gene impair ISOAMYLASE1 (ISA1) targeting to starch granules. Genetically, OsLESV acts synergistically with FLO6 to regulate starch biosynthesis and endosperm development. Together, our results identify OsLESV-FLO6 as a non-enzymatic molecular module responsible for ISA1 localization on starch granules, and present a target gene for use in biotechnology to control starch content and composition in rice endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hancong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yushuang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoman You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210095, China
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Dong X, Chen L, Yang H, Tian L, Dong F, Chai Y, Qu LQ. Pho1 cooperates with DPE1 to control short maltooligosaccharide mobilization during starch synthesis initiation in rice endosperm. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:47. [PMID: 36912930 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastidial α-glucan phosphorylase is a key factor that cooperates with plastidial disproportionating enzyme to control short maltooligosaccharide mobilization during the initiation process of starch molecule synthesis in developing rice endosperm. Storage starch synthesis is essential for grain filling. However, little is known about how cereal endosperm controls starch synthesis initiation. One of core events for starch synthesis initiation is short maltooligosaccharide (MOS) mobilization consisting of long MOS primer production and excess MOS breakdown. By mutant analyses and biochemical investigations, we present here functional identifications of plastidial α-glucan phosphorylase (Pho1) and disproportionating enzyme (DPE1) during starch synthesis initiation in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm. Pho1 deficiency impaired MOS mobilization, triggering short MOS accumulation and starch synthesis reduction during early seed development. The mutant seeds differed significantly in MOS level and starch content at 15 days after flowering and exhibited diverse endosperm phenotypes during mid-late seed development: ranging from pseudonormal to shrunken (Shr), severely or excessively Shr. The level of DPE1 was almost normal in the PN seeds but significantly reduced in the Shr seeds. Overexpression of DPE1 in pho1 resulted in plump seeds only. DPE1 deficiency had no obvious effects on MOS mobilization. Knockout of DPE1 in pho1 completely blocked MOS mobilization, resulting in severely and excessively Shr seeds only. These findings show that Pho1 cooperates with DPE1 to control short MOS mobilization during starch synthesis initiation in rice endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Liangke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yaru Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Le Qing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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Manzoor S, Talib M, Arsenin AV, Volkov VS, Mishra P. Polyethyleneimine-Starch Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Carbon Dioxide Sensing at Room Temperature. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:893-906. [PMID: 36643491 PMCID: PMC9835164 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an ever-growing interest in the detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to health risks associated with CO2 emissions. Hence, there is a need for low-power and low-cost CO2 sensors for efficient monitoring and sensing of CO2 analyte molecules in the environment. This study reports on the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that are functionalized using polyethyleneimine and starch (PEI-starch) in order to fabricate a PEI-starch functionalized SWCNT sensor for reversible CO2 detection under ambient room conditions (T = 25 °C; RH = 53%). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to analyze the physiochemical properties of the as-synthesized gas sensor. Due to the large specific surface area of SWCNTs and the efficient CO2 capturing capabilities of the amine-rich PEI layer, the sensor possesses a high CO2 adsorption capacity. When exposed to varying CO2 concentrations between 50 and 500 ppm, the sensor response exhibits a linear relationship with an increase in analyte concentration, allowing it to operate reliably throughout a broad range of CO2 concentrations. The sensing mechanism of the PEI-starch-functionalized SWCNT sensor is based on the reversible acid-base equilibrium chemical reactions between amino groups of PEI and adsorbed CO2 molecules, which produce carbamates and bicarbonates. Due to the presence of hygroscopic starch that attracts more water molecules to the surface of SWCNTs, the adsorption capacity of CO2 gas molecules is enhanced. After multiple cycles of analyte exposure, the sensor recovers to its initial resistance level via a UV-assisted recovery approach. In addition, the sensor exhibits great stability and reliability in multiple analyte gas exposures as well as excellent selectivity to carbon dioxide over other interfering gases such as carbon monoxide, oxygen, and ammonia, thereby showing the potential to monitor CO2 levels in various infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrah Manzoor
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia
Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Mohammad Talib
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia
Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Aleksey V. Arsenin
- Center
for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny141701, Russia
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center
for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny141701, Russia
| | - Prabhash Mishra
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia
Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi110025, India
- Center
for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny141701, Russia
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4
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Goderis B, Dries D, Nivelle M, Delcour J. Reassessment of the generic features of starch gelatinization: An advanced SAXS study on maize and potato starch. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Utsumi Y, Utsumi C, Tanaka M, Takahashi S, Okamoto Y, Ono M, Nakamura Y, Seki M. Suppressed expression of starch branching enzyme 1 and 2 increases resistant starch and amylose content and modifies amylopectin structure in cassava. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:413-427. [PMID: 34767147 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of starch branching enzymes 1 and 2 in cassava leads to increased resistant starch content through the production of high-amylose and modification of the amylopectin structure. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a starchy root crop used for human consumption as a staple food and industrial applications. Starch is synthesized by various isoforms of several enzymes. However, the function of starch branching enzymes (SBEs) in starch biosynthesis and mechanisms of starch regulation in cassava have not been understood well. In this study, we aimed to suppress the expression of SBEs in cassava to generate starches with a range of distinct properties, in addition to verifying the functional characteristics of the SBEs. One SBE1, two SBE2, and one SBE3 genes were classified by phylogenetic analysis and amino acid alignment. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed tissue-specific expression of SBE genes in the tuberous roots and leaves of cassava. We introduced RNAi constructs containing fragments of SBE1, SBE2, or both genes into cassava by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and assessed enzymatic activity of SBE using tuberous roots and leaves from these transgenic plants. Simultaneous suppression of SBE1 and SBE2 rendered an extreme starch phenotype compared to suppression of SBE2 alone. Degree of polymerization of 6-13 chains in amylopectin was markedly reduced by suppression of both SBE1 and SBE2 in comparison to the SBE2 suppression; however, no change in chain-length profiles was observed in the SBE1 suppression alone. The role of SBE1 and SBE2 may have functional overlap in the storage tissue of cassava. Simultaneous suppression of SBE1 and SBE2 resulted in highly resistant starch with increased apparent amylose content compared to suppression of SBE2 alone. This study provides valuable information for understanding starch biosynthesis and suggests targets for altering starch quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Utsumi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7- 22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Chikako Utsumi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7- 22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7- 22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7- 22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshie Okamoto
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7- 22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masami Ono
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, 25-44 Oiwake-Nishi, Tennoh, Katagami, Akita, 010-0101, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, 25-44 Oiwake-Nishi, Tennoh, Katagami, Akita, 010-0101, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7- 22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan.
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Nakamura Y, Kubo A, Ono M, Yashiro K, Matsuba G, Wang Y, Matsubara A, Mizutani G, Matsuki J, Kainuma K. Changes in fine structure of amylopectin and internal structures of starch granules in developing endosperms and culms caused by starch branching enzyme mutations of japonica rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:481-496. [PMID: 35099666 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BEIIb plays a specific role in determining the structure of amylopectin in rice endosperm, whereas BEIIa plays the similar role in the culm where BEIIb is absent. Cereals have three types of starch branching enzymes (BEs), BEI, BEIIa, and BEIIb. It is widely known that BEIIb is specifically expressed in the endosperm and plays a distinct role in the structure of amylopectin because in its absence the amylopectin type changes to the amylose-extender-type (ae-type) or B-type from the wild-type or A-type and this causes the starch crystalline allomorph to the B-type from the wild-type A-type. This study aimed to clarify the role of BEIIa in the culm where BEIIb is not expressed, by using a be2a mutant in comparison with results with be2b and be1 mutants. The results showed that the amylopectin structure exhibited the B-type in the be2a culm compared with the A-type in the wild-type culm. The starch granules from the be2a culm also showed the B-type like allomorph when examined by X-ray diffraction analysis and optical sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Both amylopectin chain-length profile and starch crystalline properties were found to be the A-type at the very early stage of endosperm development at 4-6 days after pollination (DAP) even in the be2b mutant. All these results support a view that in the culm as well as in the endosperm at 4-6 DAP, BEIIa can play the role of BEIIb which has been well documented in maturing endosperm. The possible mechanism as to how BEIIa can play its role is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nakamura
- Starch Technologies, Co., Ltd., Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, 25-44 Oiwake-Nishi, Tennoh, Katagami, Akita, 010-0101, Japan.
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kubo
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Masami Ono
- Starch Technologies, Co., Ltd., Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yashiro
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Go Matsuba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Akira Matsubara
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Goro Mizutani
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuki
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Keiji Kainuma
- Science Academy of Tsukuba, 2-20-3 Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0032, Japan
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7
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Nakamura Y, Kainuma K. On the cluster structure of amylopectin. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:291-306. [PMID: 34599732 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two opposing models for the amylopectin structure are historically and comprehensively reviewed, which leads us to a better understanding of the specific fine structure of amylopectin. Amylopectin is a highly branched glucan which accounts for approximately 65-85 of starch in most plant tissues. However, its fine structure is still not fully understood due to the limitations of current methodologies. Since the 1940 s, many scientists have attempted to elucidate the distinct structure of amylopectin. One of the most accepted concepts is that amylopectin has a structural element known as "cluster", in which neighboring side chains with a degree of polymerization of ≥ 10 in the region of their non-branched segments form double helices. The double helical structures are arranged in inter- and intra-clusters and are the origin of the distinct physicochemical and crystalline properties of starch granules. Several models of the cluster structure have been proposed by starch scientists worldwide during the progress of analytical methods, whereas no direct evidence so far has been provided. Recently, Bertoft and colleagues proposed a new model designated as "the building block and backbone (BB) model". The BB model sharply contrasts with the cluster model in that the structural element for the BB model is the building block, and that long chains are separately synthesized and positioned from short chains constituting the building block. In the present paper, we conduct the historical review of the cluster concept detailing how and when the concept was established based on experimental results by many scientists. Then, differences between the two opposing concepts are explained and both models are critically discussed, particularly from the point of view of the biochemical regulation of amylopectin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nakamura
- Starch Technologies, Co., Ltd, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-city, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, 25-44 Oiwake-Nishi, Tennoh, Katagami, Akita, 010-0101, Japan.
| | - Keiji Kainuma
- Science Academy of Tsukuba, 2-20-3 Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0032, Japan
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8
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Liu C, Wang Q, Yang S. Effects of barite size on the fluorite flotation using the reagent scheme of GS/NaOl. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Gaenssle ALO, Satyawan CA, Xiang G, van der Maarel MJEC, Jurak E. Long chains and crystallinity govern the enzymatic degradability of gelatinized starches from conventional and new sources. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117801. [PMID: 33712149 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Slowly digestible starches have received interest due to their lower increase of postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels and, hence, modification of starches towards slower digestibility has commercial interest. However, chemical characteristics driving enzymatic (digestive) degradation are not fully unraveled. The digestion properties of starches have been linked to their crystalline type, chain length distribution, amylose content or degree of branching, but content and length of relatively long side-chains in amylopectin has not been paid attention to. Therefore, this research focusses on the unique content and length of amylopectin side-chains from conventional and new starch sources (potato, corn, pea, and tulip) correlated to the enzymatic digestion. The rate of hydrolysis was found to be correlated with the crystalline type of starch, as previously suggested, however, the complete hydrolysis of all starches, independent of the crystalline type and source, was shown to be governed by the content of longer amylopectin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline L O Gaenssle
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Caecilia A Satyawan
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gang Xiang
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc J E C van der Maarel
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Edita Jurak
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Adegoke TV, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang H, Liu W, Liu X, Cheng YC, Tong X, Ying J, Zhang J. Posttranslational Modification of Waxy to Genetically Improve Starch Quality in Rice Grain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4845. [PMID: 34063649 PMCID: PMC8124582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The waxy (Wx) gene, encoding the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), is responsible for amylose biosynthesis and plays a crucial role in defining eating and cooking quality. The waxy locus controls both the non-waxy and waxy rice phenotypes. Rice starch can be altered into various forms by either reducing or increasing the amylose content, depending on consumer preference and region. Low-amylose rice is preferred by consumers because of its softness and sticky appearance. A better way of improving crops other than downregulation and overexpression of a gene or genes may be achieved through the posttranslational modification of sites or regulatory enzymes that regulate them because of their significance. The impact of posttranslational GBSSI modifications on extra-long unit chains (ELCs) remains largely unknown. Numerous studies have been reported on different crops, such as wheat, maize, and barley, but the rice starch granule proteome remains largely unknown. There is a need to improve the yield of low-amylose rice by employing posttranslational modification of Wx, since the market demand is increasing every day in order to meet the market demand for low-amylose rice in the regional area that prefers low-amylose rice, particularly in China. In this review, we have conducted an in-depth review of waxy rice, starch properties, starch biosynthesis, and posttranslational modification of waxy protein to genetically improve starch quality in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Victor Adegoke
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wanning Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xingyong Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yi-Chen Cheng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiezheng Ying
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (T.V.A.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (H.W.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (X.T.); (J.Y.)
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11
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Yang Y, Chen Q, Yu A, Tong S, Gu Z. Study on structural characterization, physicochemical properties and digestive properties of euryale ferox resistant starch. Food Chem 2021; 359:129924. [PMID: 33964663 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
At present, the raw materials for industrialized RS3 products are relatively simple and its purity is low. In addition, the correlation between structure and digestion characteristics of RS3 are rarely studied. In this study, euryale ferox, a kind of annual aquatic herb crop with high content of starch was used as a raw material to prepare RS3 by different methods, including autoclaving, enzymolysis-autoclaving and dual enzymolysis, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences in the structure and physicochemical properties of the different euryale ferox resistant-enhanced and purified resistant starches (p < 0.05). Purified euryale ferox resistant starches belonged to B + V type crystal and had high thermal stability. After digestion, the structure and thermal properties of euryale ferox resistant-enhanced starches changed a lot. The digestion rate and estimated glycemic index (eGI) of the three kinds of purified euryale ferox RS3 were lower than 20% and 50%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexi Yang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Anzhen Yu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shu Tong
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenyu Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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12
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Kong L, Gao Z, Li X, Gao G. An amylopectin-enabled skin-mounted hydrogel wearable sensor. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1082-1088. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02460k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-adhesiveness is highly desirable for conformal and seamless wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Kong
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zijian Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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13
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Molecular rotor as a structural probe of glucan polymers: Amylopectin, phytoglycogen, and their β-limit dextrins as models. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116859. [PMID: 33049814 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence emissions of molecular rotors (MRs) are affected by local restrictions to molecular motion, and therefore it was considered that MRs can be used as structural probes of biopolymers. In this study, 9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)-julolidine (CCVJ), a hydrophilic MR, was used to differentiate branched α-D-glucans, including amylopectin, phytoglycogen, and their β-limit dextrins. CCVJ emissions of glucan dispersions were correlated with dispersion viscosities and glucan branch structures. In diluted glucan dispersions, CCVJ emission showed essentially linear correlation with glucan content. In concentrated glucan dispersions, CCVJ emission correlated with viscosity in a double-logarithmic linear pattern, with phytoglycogen showing much greater sensitivities than amylopectin. In the plots of CCVJ emission vs. molar amount of branch, phytoglycogen materials showed greater slopes than their amylopectin counterparts, suggesting evident effects of branch structure on the restrictions to CCVJ molecules. Overall, CCVJ has demonstrated its fluorescent sensitivity with glucans, showing strong potentials as a structural probe of biopolymers.
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14
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Nakamura Y, Ono M, Hatta T, Kainuma K, Yashiro K, Matsuba G, Matsubara A, Miyazato A, Mizutani G. Effects of BEIIb-Deficiency on the Cluster Structure of Amylopectin and the Internal Structure of Starch Granules in Endosperm and Culm of Japonica-Type Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571346. [PMID: 33312184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571346.ecollection] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is known that one of starch branching enzyme (BE) isoforms, BEIIb, plays a specific role not only in the synthesis of distinct amylopectin cluster structure, but also in the formation of the internal structure of starch granules in rice endosperm because in its absence the starch crystalline polymorph changes to the B-type from the typical A-type found in the wild-type (WT) cereal endosperm starch granules. In the present study, to examine the contribution of BEIIb to the amylopectin cluster structure, the chain-length distributions of amylopectin and its phosphorylase-limit dextrins (Φ-LD) from endosperm and culm of a null be2b mutant called amylose-extender (ae) mutant line, EM10, were compared with those of its WT cultivar, Kinmaze, of japonica rice. The results strongly suggest that BEIIb specifically formed new short chains whose branch points were localized in the basal part of the crystalline lamellae and presumably in the intermediate between the crystalline and amorphous lamellae of amylopectin clusters in the WT endosperm, whereas in its absence branch points which were mainly formed by BEI were only located in the amorphous lamellae of amylopectin. These differences in the cluster structure of amylopectin between Kinmaze and EM10 endosperm were considered to be responsible for the differences in the A-type and B-type crystalline structures of starch granules between Kinmaze and EM10, respectively. The changes in internal structure of starch granules caused by BEIIb were analyzed by wide angle X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, solid state 13C NMR, and optical sum frequency generation spectroscopy. It was noted that the size the amylopectin cluster in ae endosperm (approximately 8.24 nm) was significantly smaller than that in WT endosperm (approximately 8.81 nm). Based on the present results, we proposed a model for the cluster structure of amylopectin in WT and ae mutant of rice endosperm. We also hypothesized the role of BEIIa in amylopectin biosynthesis in culm where BEIIb was not expressed and instead BEIIa was the major BE component in WT of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nakamura
- Starch Technologies, Co., Ltd., Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, Katagami, Japan
| | - Masami Ono
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, Katagami, Japan
| | - Tamao Hatta
- Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Yashiro
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Go Matsuba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Akira Matsubara
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Akio Miyazato
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Goro Mizutani
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
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15
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Pfister B, Zeeman SC, Rugen MD, Field RA, Ebenhöh O, Raguin A. Theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the biosynthesis of starch granules in a physiological context. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 145:55-70. [PMID: 31955343 PMCID: PMC7308250 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Starch, a plant-derived insoluble carbohydrate composed of glucose polymers, is the principal carbohydrate in our diet and a valuable raw material for industry. The properties of starch depend on the arrangement of glucose units within the constituent polymers. However, key aspects of starch structure and the underlying biosynthetic processes are not well understood, limiting progress towards targeted improvement of our starch crops. In particular, the major component of starch, amylopectin, has a complex three-dimensional, branched architecture. This architecture stems from the combined actions of a multitude of enzymes, each having broad specificities that are difficult to capture experimentally. In this review, we reflect on experimental approaches and limitations to decipher the enzymes' specificities and explore possibilities for in silico simulations of these activities. We believe that the synergy between experimentation and simulation is needed for the correct interpretation of experimental data and holds the potential to greatly advance our understanding of the overall starch biosynthetic process. We furthermore propose that the formation of glucan secondary structures, concomitant with its synthesis, is a previously overlooked factor that directly affects amylopectin architecture through its impact on enzyme function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pfister
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael D Rugen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Department of Biology, Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adélaïde Raguin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Effect of germination-hydrothermal treatments followed by fractionation on inhibitory factors, β-carotene and iron-zinc bioaccessibility in pearl millet fractions. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Zheng Y, Wei Z, Zhang R, Deng Y, Tang X, Zhang Y, Liu G, Liu L, Wang J, Liao N, Zhang M. Optimization of the autoclave preparation process for improving resistant starch content in rice grains. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2383-2394. [PMID: 32405395 PMCID: PMC7215214 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoclave preparation process to increase the content of resistant starch (RS) in rice grains was optimized, and the results showed that the optimal preparation process was obtained with a water content of 41.63%, a pH of 5.95, an autoclave time of 60.96 min, and a refrigeration time of 17.11 hr. Under these conditions, the theoretical value of RS content in rice grains reached 17.57%. After autoclaving, the estimated glycemic index (EGI) in rice grains was reduced from 78.35 to 66.08 measured after cooking, suggesting that autoclaving was capable of increasing the RS content in rice grains and reducing its EGI value. These results may help spark new concepts and methods for the development of specialized foods for specific populations, such as people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhan Zheng
- College of Life SciencesYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhencheng Wei
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Guang Liu
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Lei Liu
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Na Liao
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri‐Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Agricultural Products ProcessingGuangzhouChina
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18
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Nakamura Y, Ono M, Hatta T, Kainuma K, Yashiro K, Matsuba G, Matsubara A, Miyazato A, Mizutani G. Effects of BEIIb-Deficiency on the Cluster Structure of Amylopectin and the Internal Structure of Starch Granules in Endosperm and Culm of Japonica-Type Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571346. [PMID: 33312184 PMCID: PMC7704622 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It is known that one of starch branching enzyme (BE) isoforms, BEIIb, plays a specific role not only in the synthesis of distinct amylopectin cluster structure, but also in the formation of the internal structure of starch granules in rice endosperm because in its absence the starch crystalline polymorph changes to the B-type from the typical A-type found in the wild-type (WT) cereal endosperm starch granules. In the present study, to examine the contribution of BEIIb to the amylopectin cluster structure, the chain-length distributions of amylopectin and its phosphorylase-limit dextrins (Φ-LD) from endosperm and culm of a null be2b mutant called amylose-extender (ae) mutant line, EM10, were compared with those of its WT cultivar, Kinmaze, of japonica rice. The results strongly suggest that BEIIb specifically formed new short chains whose branch points were localized in the basal part of the crystalline lamellae and presumably in the intermediate between the crystalline and amorphous lamellae of amylopectin clusters in the WT endosperm, whereas in its absence branch points which were mainly formed by BEI were only located in the amorphous lamellae of amylopectin. These differences in the cluster structure of amylopectin between Kinmaze and EM10 endosperm were considered to be responsible for the differences in the A-type and B-type crystalline structures of starch granules between Kinmaze and EM10, respectively. The changes in internal structure of starch granules caused by BEIIb were analyzed by wide angle X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, solid state 13C NMR, and optical sum frequency generation spectroscopy. It was noted that the size the amylopectin cluster in ae endosperm (approximately 8.24 nm) was significantly smaller than that in WT endosperm (approximately 8.81 nm). Based on the present results, we proposed a model for the cluster structure of amylopectin in WT and ae mutant of rice endosperm. We also hypothesized the role of BEIIa in amylopectin biosynthesis in culm where BEIIb was not expressed and instead BEIIa was the major BE component in WT of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nakamura
- Starch Technologies, Co., Ltd., Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, Katagami, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasunori Nakamura,
| | - Masami Ono
- Akita Natural Science Laboratory, Katagami, Japan
| | - Tamao Hatta
- Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Yashiro
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Go Matsuba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Akira Matsubara
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Akio Miyazato
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Goro Mizutani
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
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19
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Moran E. Starch: Granule, Amylose-Amylopectin, Feed Preparation, and Recovery by the Fowl's Gastrointestinal Tract. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Characterization of the GH13 and GH57 glycogen branching enzymes from Petrotoga mobilis SJ95 and potential role in glycogen biosynthesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219844. [PMID: 31306450 PMCID: PMC6629080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen is a highly branched α-glucan polymer widely used as energy and carbon reserve by many microorganisms. The branches are introduced by glycogen branching enzymes (EC 2.4.1.18), that are classified into glycoside hydrolase families 13 (GH13) and 57 (GH57). Most microorganisms have typically only a single glycogen branching enzyme (gbe) gene. Only a few microorganisms carry both GH13 and GH57 gbe genes, such as Petrotoga mobilis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here we report the basic characteristics of the GH13 and GH57 GBE of P. mobilis, both heterologously expressed in E. coli. The GH13 GBE has a considerably higher branching activity towards the linear α-glucan amylose, and produces a highly branched α-glucan with a high molecular weight which is very similar to glycogen. The GH57 GBE, on the contrary, makes a much smaller branched α-glucan. While the GH13 GBE acts as a classical glycogen branching enzyme involved in glycogen synthesis, the role of GH57 GBE remains unclear.
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21
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22
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A review of natural polysaccharides for drug delivery applications: Special focus on cellulose, starch and glycogen. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:96-108. [PMID: 30086465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are renewable with a high degree of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Comprehensive investigations of polysaccharides are essential for our fundamental understanding of exploiting its potential as bio-composite, nano-conjugate and in pharmaceutical sectors. Polysaccharides are considered to be superior to other polymers, for its ease in tailoring, bio-compatibility, bio-activity, homogeneity and bio-adhesive properties. The main focus of this review is to spotlight the new advancements and challenges concerned with surface modification, binding domains, biological interaction with the conjugate including stability, polydispersity, and biodegradability. In this review, we have limited our survey to three essential polysaccharides including cellulose, starch, and glycogen that are sourced from plants, microbes, and animals respectively are reviewed. We also present the polysaccharides which have been extensively modified with the various types of conjugates for combating last-ditch pharmaceutical challenges.
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23
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Li X, Hou T, Lu Y, Yang B. A method for controlling the surface morphology of centrifugally spun starch-based fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Li
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textiles; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Teng Hou
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textiles; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Yishen Lu
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textiles; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textiles; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
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24
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Han W, Zhang B, Li J, Zhao S, Niu M, Jia C, Xiong S. Understanding the fine structure of intermediate materials of maize starches. Food Chem 2017; 233:450-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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25
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Magallanes-Cruz PA, Flores-Silva PC, Bello-Perez LA. Starch Structure Influences Its Digestibility: A Review. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2016-2023. [PMID: 28753728 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, it was found that a significant fraction of the starch present in foods is not digested in the small intestine and continues to the large intestine, where it is fermented by the microbiota; this fraction was named resistant starch (RS). It was also reported that there is a fraction of starch that is slowly digested, sustaining a release of glucose in the small intestine. Later, health benefits were found to be associated with the consumption of this fraction, called slowly digestible starch (SDS). The authors declare both fractions to be "nutraceutical starch." An overview of the structure of both fractions (RS and SDS), as well as their nutraceutical characteristics, is presented with the objective of suggesting methods and processes that will increase both fractions in starchy foods and prevent diseases that are associated with the consumption of glycemic carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla A Magallanes-Cruz
- Inst. Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI. Km. 6.6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla Col. San Isidro, 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Pamela C Flores-Silva
- Inst. Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI. Km. 6.6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla Col. San Isidro, 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Luis A Bello-Perez
- Inst. Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI. Km. 6.6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla Col. San Isidro, 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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Sun Y, Jiao G, Liu Z, Zhang X, Li J, Guo X, Du W, Du J, Francis F, Zhao Y, Xia L. Generation of High-Amylose Rice through CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of Starch Branching Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:298. [PMID: 28326091 PMCID: PMC5339335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cereals high in amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential health benefits. Previous studies using chemical mutagenesis or RNA interference have demonstrated that starch branching enzyme (SBE) plays a major role in determining the fine structure and physical properties of starch. However, it remains a challenge to control starch branching in commercial lines. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate targeted mutagenesis in SBEI and SBEIIb in rice. The frequencies of obtained homozygous or bi-allelic mutant lines with indels in SBEI and SBEIIb in T0 generation were from 26.7 to 40%. Mutations in the homozygous T0 lines stably transmitted to the T1 generation and those in the bi-allelic lines segregated in a Mendelian fashion. Transgene-free plants carrying only the frame-shifted mutagenesis were recovered in T1 generation following segregation. Whereas no obvious differences were observed between the sbeI mutants and wild type, sbeII mutants showed higher proportion of long chains presented in debranched amylopectin, significantly increased AC and RS content to as higher as 25.0 and 9.8%, respectively, and thus altered fine structure and nutritional properties of starch. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time the feasibility to create high-amylose rice through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of SBEIIb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Zupei Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Jinlu Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-bio Tech, University of LiegeGembloux, Belgium
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, USA
| | - Lanqin Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
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27
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Masatcioglu TM, Sumer Z, Koksel H. An innovative approach for significantly increasing enzyme resistant starch type 3 content in high amylose starches by using extrusion cooking. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Martinez-Garcia M, Stuart MCA, van der Maarel MJEC. Characterization of the highly branched glycogen from the thermoacidophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria and comparison with other glycogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:12-8. [PMID: 27107958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The thermoacidophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria synthesizes glycogen when growing under heterotrophic conditions. Structural characterization revealed that G. sulphuraria glycogen is the most highly branched glycogen described to date, with 18% of α-(1→6) linkages. Moreover, it differs from other glycogens because it is composed of short chains only and has a substantially smaller molecular weight and particle size. The physiological role of this highly branched glycogen in G. sulphuraria is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martinez-Garcia
- Aquatic Biotechnology and Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Electron Microscopy, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J E C van der Maarel
- Aquatic Biotechnology and Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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29
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Li W, Tian X, Wang P, Saleh AS, Luo Q, Zheng J, Ouyang S, Zhang G. Recrystallization characteristics of high hydrostatic pressure gelatinized normal and waxy corn starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 83:171-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Lemarchand CA, Hansen JS. Simple Statistical Model for Branched Aggregates: Application to Cooee Bitumen. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14323-31. [PMID: 26458140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We propose a statistical model that can reproduce the size distribution of any branched aggregate, including amylopectin, dendrimers, molecular clusters of monoalcohols, and asphaltene nanoaggregates. It is based on the conditional probability for one molecule to form a new bond with a molecule, given that it already has bonds with others. The model is applied here to asphaltene nanoaggregates observed in molecular dynamics simulations of Cooee bitumen. The variation with temperature of the probabilities deduced from this model is discussed in terms of statistical mechanics arguments. The relevance of the statistical model in the case of asphaltene nanoaggregates is checked by comparing the predicted value of the probability for one molecule to have exactly i bonds with the same probability directly measured in the molecular dynamics simulations. The agreement is satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Lemarchand
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University , Universitetsvej 1, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jesper S Hansen
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University , Universitetsvej 1, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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31
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Raigond P, Ezekiel R, Raigond B. Resistant starch in food: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1968-78. [PMID: 25331334 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional property of starch is related to its rate and extent of digestion and absorption in the small intestine. For nutritional purposes, starch is classified as rapidly available, slowly available and resistant starch (RS). The exact underlying mechanism of relative resistance of starch granules is complicated because those factors are often interconnected. The content of RS in food is highly influenced by food preparation manner and processing techniques. Physical or chemical treatments also alter the level of RS in a food. Commercial preparations of RS are now available and can be added to foods as an ingredient for lowering the calorific value and improving textural and organoleptic characteristics along with increasing the amount of dietary fiber. RS has assumed great importance owing to its unique functional properties and health benefits. The beneficial effects of RS include glycemic control and control of fasting plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels and absorption of minerals. This review attempts to analyze the information published, especially in the recent past, on classification, structure, properties, applications and health benefits of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Raigond
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Postharvest Technology, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Rajarathnam Ezekiel
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Postharvest Technology, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Baswaraj Raigond
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Postharvest Technology, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
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32
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Suzuki R, Koide K, Hayashi M, Suzuki T, Sawada T, Ohdan T, Takahashi H, Nakamura Y, Fujita N, Suzuki E. Functional characterization of three (GH13) branching enzymes involved in cyanobacterial starch biosynthesis from Cyanobacterium sp. NBRC 102756. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:476-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Kim HS, Kim KM, Han GJ, Lee HG, Kim MH. Effect of wheat flour addition on retardation of retrogradation in waxy rice cake, Ingeolmi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Sawada T, Nakamura Y, Ohdan T, Saitoh A, Francisco PB, Suzuki E, Fujita N, Shimonaga T, Fujiwara S, Tsuzuki M, Colleoni C, Ball S. Diversity of reaction characteristics of glucan branching enzymes and the fine structure of α-glucan from various sources. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 562:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Xie YY, Hu XP, Jin ZY, Xu XM, Chen HQ. Effect of repeated retrogradation on structural characteristics and in vitro digestibility of waxy potato starch. Food Chem 2014; 163:219-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Kalinga DN, Bertoft E, Tetlow I, Liu Q, Yada RY, Seetharaman K. Evolution of amylopectin structure in developing wheat endosperm starch. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:316-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Effect of single-, dual-, and triple-retrogradation treatments on in vitro digestibility and structural characteristics of waxy wheat starch. Food Chem 2014; 157:373-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Ahmad A, Arshad N, Ahmed Z, Bhatti MS, Zahoor T, Anjum N, Ahmad H, Afreen A. Perspective of surface active agents in baking industry: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:208-24. [PMID: 24188269 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.579697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Different researchers have previously used surfactants for improving bread qualities and revealed that these compounds result in improving the quality of dough and bread by influencing dough strength, tolerance, uniform crumb cell size, and improve slicing characteristics and gas retention. The objective of this review is to highlight the areas where surfactants are most widely used particularly in the bread industries, their role and mechanism of interaction and their contribution to the quality characteristics of the dough and bread. This review reveals some aspects of surface-active agents regarding its role physiochemical properties of dough that in turn affect the bread characteristics by improving its sensory quality and storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad
- a Department of Food Technology , Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
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39
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Xie YY, Hu XP, Jin ZY, Xu XM, Chen HQ. Effect of temperature-cycled retrogradation on in vitro digestibility and structural characteristics of waxy potato starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Waterschoot J, Gomand SV, Fierens E, Delcour JA. Production, structure, physicochemical and functional properties of maize, cassava, wheat, potato and rice starches. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201300238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmien Waterschoot
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Sara V. Gomand
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Ellen Fierens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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41
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Huang XF, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Vincken JP, Ji Q, Suurs LCJM, Visser RGF, Trindade LM. Expression of an engineered granule-bound Escherichia coli glycogen branching enzyme in potato results in severe morphological changes in starch granules. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:470-9. [PMID: 23231535 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli glycogen branching enzyme (GLGB) was fused to either the C- or N-terminus of a starch-binding domain (SBD) and expressed in two potato genetic backgrounds: the amylose-free mutant (amf) and an amylose-containing line (Kardal). Regardless of background or construct used, a large amount of GLGB/SBD fusion protein was accumulated inside the starch granules, however, without an increase in branching. The presence of GLGB/SBD fusion proteins resulted in altered morphology of the starch granules in both genetic backgrounds. In the amf genetic background, the starch granules showed both amalgamated granules and porous starch granules, whereas in Kardal background, the starch granules showed an irregular rough surface. The altered starch granules in both amf and Kardal backgrounds were visible from the initial stage of potato tuber development. High-throughput transcriptomic analysis showed that expression of GLGB/SBD fusion protein in potato tubers did not affect the expression level of most genes directly involved in the starch biosynthesis except for the up-regulation of a beta-amylase gene in Kardal background. The beta-amylase protein could be responsible for the degradation of the extra branches potentially introduced by GLGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Feng Huang
- Wageningen UR-Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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42
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43
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Structures of building blocks in clusters of sweetpotato amylopectin. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2913-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Dona AC, Pages G, Kuchel PW. Kinetics of starch hydrolysis and glucose mutarotation studied by NMR chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Saeed F, Pasha I, Anjum FM, Sultan MT. Arabinoxylans and arabinogalactans: a comprehensive treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:467-76. [PMID: 21491271 DOI: 10.1080/10408391003681418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The functional and nutraceutical importance of various foods is often attributed to the bioactive molecules present in them. A number of components have been studied but dietary fiber and its different constituents are of prime consideration. Among these, arabinoxylan (AX) and arabinogalactan (AG) are of significant importance in that they hold potential in improving the quality of the baked products along with providing health benefits against various ailments. However, the improvements are dependent on their molecular weights, cross linkages, and solubility. Water-Extractable Arabinoxylan (WEAX) is more effective as compared to Water-Unextractable Arabinoxylan (WUEAX). In this review article, efforts were directed to describe the structural and molecular conformations of these functional ingredients. The discussion has been made regarding the functional properties of AX and AG, for example, improvements in water absorption capacities, dough stability time, and viscosity. They also improve the baking absorption of flour that is positively correlated with bread volume, the most important criterion for stakeholders. The arguments are also provided on the detrimental effects on gluten quality with some possible solutions. Their role in improving the quality and extending the shelf life of bread by reducing the process of staling and retrogradation is the main idea presented in the article. The nutraceutical perspectives were also highlighted as they are helpful in regulating blood cholesterol which thereby protect the body from cardiovascular disorders like atherosclerosis. Additionally, they act as prebiotics for microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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46
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Zhu F, Corke H, Åman P, Bertoft E. Structures of clusters in sweetpotato amylopectin. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1112-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Torrens F, Castellano G. (Co-)solvent selection for single-wall carbon nanotubes: best solvents, acids, superacids and guest-host inclusion complexes. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2494-2510. [PMID: 21331393 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of 1-octanol-water, cyclohexane-water and chloroform (CHCl(3))-water partition coefficients P(o-ch-cf) allows calculation of molecular lipophilicity patterns, which show that for a given atom log P(o-ch-cf) is sensitive to the presence of functional groups. Program CDHI does not properly differentiate between non-equivalent atoms. The most abundant single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT), (10,10), presents a relatively small aqueous solubility and large elementary polarizability, P(o-ch-cf) and kinetic stability. The SWNT solubility is studied in various solvents, finding a class of non-hydrogen-bonding Lewis bases with good solubility. Solvents group into three classes. The SWNTs in some organic solvents are cationic while in water/Triton X mixture are anionic. Categorized solubility is semiquantitatively correlated with solvent parameters. The coefficient of term β is positive while the ones of ε and V negative. The electron affinity of d-glucopyranoses (d-Glcp(n)) suggests the formation of colloids of anionic SWNTs in water. Dipole moment for d-Glcp(n)-linear increases with n until four in agreement with 18-fold helix. The I(n)(z-) and SWNT(-) are proposed to form inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin (CD) and amylose (Amy). Starch, d-Glcp, CD and Amy are proposed as SWNT co-solvents. Guests-hosts are unperturbed. A central channel expansion is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Torrens
- Institut Universitari de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, Edifici d'Instituts de Paterna, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071, València, Spain.
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48
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Xia H, Yandeau-Nelson M, Thompson DB, Guiltinan MJ. Deficiency of maize starch-branching enzyme I results in altered starch fine structure, decreased digestibility and reduced coleoptile growth during germination. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:95. [PMID: 21599988 PMCID: PMC3245629 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two distinct starch branching enzyme (SBE) isoforms predate the divergence of monocots and dicots and have been conserved in plants since then. This strongly suggests that both SBEI and SBEII provide unique selective advantages to plants. However, no phenotype for the SBEI mutation, sbe1a, had been previously observed. To explore this incongruity the objective of the present work was to characterize functional and molecular phenotypes of both sbe1a and wild-type (Wt) in the W64A maize inbred line. RESULTS Endosperm starch granules from the sbe1a mutant were more resistant to digestion by pancreatic α-amylase, and the sbe1a mutant starch had an altered branching pattern for amylopectin and amylose. When kernels were germinated, the sbe1a mutant was associated with shorter coleoptile length and higher residual starch content, suggesting that less efficient starch utilization may have impaired growth during germination. CONCLUSIONS The present report documents for the first time a molecular phenotype due to the absence of SBEI, and suggests strongly that it is associated with altered physiological function of the starch in vivo. We believe that these results provide a plausible rationale for the conservation of SBEI in plants in both monocots and dicots, as greater seedling vigor would provide an important survival advantage when resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xia
- MARS Petcare US, 315 Cool Springs Boulevard, Franklin, Tennessee 37067, USA
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-2504, USA
| | - Marna Yandeau-Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3260, USA
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-5807, USA
| | - Donald B Thompson
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-2504, USA
| | - Mark J Guiltinan
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-5807, USA
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49
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Starch hydrolysis modeling: application to fuel ethanol production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 34:879-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Thompson DB. Modulations of Starch Structure with Potential to Influence Health. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Starch is typically a mixture of essentially linear amylose and highly branched amylopectin. The difference is in the nature of the covalent bonding, with multiple branch points emanating from 1–6 glycosidic linkages of amylopectin. Equally important as the chemical structure is the physical structure: single helices and double helices exist and may be the basis for crystallinity. Starch chemical structure has been modulated through breeding: high-amylose maize starch is well studied with respect to its potential to influence health. Its altered chemical structure leads to differences in the physical structure as well. Physical treatments can also lead to altered physical structure. Modulation of chemical and/or physical structures may influence health by altering the rate and extent of starch digestion in the small intestine. Undigested starch (resistant starch) reaches the large intestine where it is fermented to potentially beneficial microbial by-products that are absorbed there.
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