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Li Y, Zhou H, Hu T, Shan S, Chen K, Zhao C, He L. Mild three-stage alkali-oxygen treatment preserving the native macromolecular structure of lignin for effective disassembling of tobacco stalk. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135512. [PMID: 39260633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco stalks, as one of the annual economic crops rich in biomacromolecules such as cellulose and hemicellulose, are more difficult to decompose into cellulose fibers due to their high degree of lignification compared to other ordinary straw feedstocks, resulting in their underutilization. In this study, we developed a mild three-stage alkali‑oxygen (AO) process to efficiently deconstruct the tobacco stalk cell walls. The process, involving alkaline dosages of 15 %, 10 %, and 3 % at each stage, effectively dissociated the cell walls and yielded cellulose fibers with high brightness (42.0 % ISO). The organics in the spent liquor, including lignin, hemicellulose, and small-molecular extracts, were isolated through acid/ethanol precipitation and organic solvent extraction. Lignin characterization by 2D HSQC NMR indicated that the majority of native β-aryl ether linkages were preserved after AO treatment, making it suitable for producing chemicals or biofuels via depolymerization. Additionally, the small-molecular extracts contained numerous depolymerized products from lignin and carbohydrates, as well as bioactive compounds derived from the tobacco stalk. Overall, this mild, efficient, and eco-friendly process offers a promising approach for the valorization of tobacco stalks and similar biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huajing Zhou
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tianding Hu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shaoyun Shan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Keli Chen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chengke Zhao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Liang He
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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2
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Vega-Hernández MÁ, Munguía-Quintero MF, Rosas-Aburto A, Alcaraz-Cienfuegos J, Valdivia-López MDLÁ, Hernández-Luna MG, Vivaldo-Lima E. Effect of teak wood lignocellulose pretreatment on the performance of cellulose-graft-(net-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)) for water absorption and dye removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133482. [PMID: 38942409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose modified hydrogels can be produced directly from raw biopolymers in novel cellulose solvents such as NaOH/urea aqueous solution. The effect of cellulose characteristics on the synthesis of a cellulose-graft-(net-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)) and its performance as water absorbent/methylene blue dye removal material is analyzed. Three cellulose samples, one analytical grade and two obtained from teak wood sawdust with different pretreatments (one alkaline and the other, a novel one known as (gas phase) acid pretreatment) were compared. The starting raw celluloses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and viscosity in cupri ethylenediamine hydroxide (CED) solution, whereas the chemically modified materials were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and TGA. The pretreatment used influences composition, crystallinity index and degree of polymerization (DP) of the cellulose obtained. The modified material produced with cellulose from alkaline pretreatment showed the highest swelling ratio in water absorption tests at room temperature (12,714 %); in contrast, the one with cellulose from acid pretreatment showed the lowest swelling ratio (7,470 %). However, this difference is not so significative in dye removal tests, where absorption capacity is 139 and 140 mg/g, respectively. The results indicate that cellulose composition, particularly structures with significant hemicellulose and lignin remaining content, has a major effect on the performance of modified materials for water absorption, and degree of polymerization has a major effect on adsorption capacity of methylene blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Vega-Hernández
- Facultad de Química (FQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Munguía-Quintero
- Facultad de Química (FQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alberto Rosas-Aburto
- Facultad de Química (FQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alcaraz-Cienfuegos
- Facultad de Química (FQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - María de Los Ángeles Valdivia-López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Martín G Hernández-Luna
- Facultad de Química (FQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Facultad de Química (FQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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3
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Wang S, Cheng X, Ma T, Wang S, Yang S, Zhu W, Song J, Han J, Jin Y, Guo J. High-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose prepared by homogeneous method and its clouding and self-assembly behaviors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121822. [PMID: 38368103 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a sustainable cellulose derivative valued for its excellent biocompatibility and solubility and is widely used in various fields. Recent scientific research on high-substituted HPC mainly focused on its efficient preparation and phase transition behavior. Herein, a novel strategy of high-substituted HPC synthesis was demonstrated by employing DMSO/TBAF·3H2O as a cellulose solvent, exhibiting more efficiency than traditional approaches. High-substituted HPC prepared has remarkable thermal stability, exceptional hydrophilicity, and satisfactory solubility. Phase transition behavior of HPC with varying molar degrees of substitution (MS) was delved and a notable negative correlation between MS and cloud point temperature (TCP), was revealed, particularly evident at an MS of 12.3, where the TCP drops to 33 °C. Moreover, a unique self-assembly behavior featuring structural color and responsiveness to force in a solvent-free environment emerged when the MS exceeded 10.4. These insights comprehensively strengthen the understanding and knowledge of high-substituted HPC, simultaneously paving the way for further HPC investigation and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shilong Yang
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jingquan Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Nagasawa T, Sato K, Kasumi T. Interaction of Organogermanium Compounds with Saccharides in Aqueous Solutions: Promotion of Aldose-to-ketose Isomerization and Its Molecular Mechanism. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2023; 70:81-97. [PMID: 38239765 PMCID: PMC10792222 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2023_0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses sugar isomerization with organogermanium compounds. Organogermanium compounds markedly increase the aldose-ketose (glucose-fructose or lactose-lactulose) isomerization ratio, double the initial reaction rate, and significantly reduce the base-catalyzed degradation of sugars. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that the affinity of organogermanium compounds with a 3-(trihydroxygermyl)propanoic acid (THGP) structure toward ketoses is 20-40 times stronger than that toward aldoses; thus, such organogermanium compounds form complexes more readily with ketoses than with aldoses. Stable ketose complexes, which contain multiple cis-diol structures and high fractions of furanose structures, suppress the reverse ketose-aldose reaction, thereby shifting the equilibrium toward the ketose side. These complexes also protect sugar molecules from alkaline degradation owing to the repulsion between anionic charges. The increased rate of the initial reaction in the alkaline isomerization process results from stabilizing the transition state by forming a complex between THGP and a cis-enediol intermediate. The cyclic pentacoordinate or hexacoordinate THGP structures give rise to a conjugated system of germanium orbitals, which is extended through dπ-pπ interactions, thereby improving the stability of the complex. Based on these results, we have developed a bench-scale lactulose syrup manufacturing plant incorporating a system to separate, recover, and reuse organogermanium poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl)germasesquioxane]. This manufacturing plant can be used as a model of an alkaline isomerization accelerator for continuous industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takafumi Kasumi
- Enzymology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
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5
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Rebaque D, López G, Sanz Y, Vilaplana F, Brunner F, Mélida H, Molina A. Subcritical water extraction of Equisetum arvense biomass withdraws cell wall fractions that trigger plant immune responses and disease resistance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:401-414. [PMID: 37129736 PMCID: PMC10730674 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are complex structures mainly made up of carbohydrate and phenolic polymers. In addition to their structural roles, cell walls function as external barriers against pathogens and are also reservoirs of glycan structures that can be perceived by plant receptors, activating Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI). Since these PTI-active glycans are usually released upon plant cell wall degradation, they are classified as Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Identification of DAMPs imply their extraction from plant cell walls by using multistep methodologies and hazardous chemicals. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) has been shown to be an environmentally sustainable alternative and a simplified methodology for the generation of glycan-enriched fractions from different cell wall sources, since it only involves the use of water. Starting from Equisetum arvense cell walls, we have explored two different SWE sequential extractions (isothermal at 160 ºC and using a ramp of temperature from 100 to 160 ºC) to obtain glycans-enriched fractions, and we have compared them with those generated with a standard chemical-based wall extraction. We obtained SWE fractions enriched in pectins that triggered PTI hallmarks in Arabidopsis thaliana such as calcium influxes, reactive oxygen species production, phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases and overexpression of immune-related genes. Notably, application of selected SWE fractions to pepper plants enhanced their disease resistance against the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These data support the potential of SWE technology in extracting PTI-active fractions from plant cell wall biomass containing DAMPs and the use of SWE fractions in sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rebaque
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- PlantResponse Inc, Centro de Empresas, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Madrid, Spain
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- PlantResponse Inc, Centro de Empresas, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frèderic Brunner
- PlantResponse Inc, Centro de Empresas, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Mélida
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, 28223, Spain.
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, 28223, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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6
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Vibert C, Fayolle B, Ricard D, Dupont AL. Decoupling hydrolysis and oxidation of cellulose in permanent paper aged under atmospheric conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120727. [PMID: 36925252 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate a synergetic role of water and oxygen in the degradation of permanent paper in archiving climate, accelerated ageing in three different conditions was conducted: humid air, humid nitrogen and dry air. This allowed to decouple acid-catalysed hydrolysis versus oxidation of cellulose. After ensuring the reliability of the ageing experiment, the degradation state of the paper was assessed. Various techniques (size exclusion chromatography, pH extraction, alkaline reserve, paper colour and water content) were used. It appeared that the cellulose scission rate of the Canson® permanent paper was reduced compared to the Whatman No. 40 acidic cotton paper used as reference, but not in the same proportion for all the ageing conditions. This was attributed to a lower acidification, inhibiting acid-catalysed hydrolysis, due to the presence of the alkaline reserve. The degradation mechanisms are the same for both papers, which exhibited a similar chemical and physical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vibert
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, HESAM Université, 151 boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France; ANDRA, French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, F-92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS UAR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Fayolle
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, HESAM Université, 151 boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Denise Ricard
- ANDRA, French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, F-92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Dupont
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS UAR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France.
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7
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Wei P, Yu X, Fang Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhu C, Cai J. Strong and Tough Cellulose Hydrogels via Solution Annealing and Dual Cross-Linking. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301204. [PMID: 36967542 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strong and tough hydrogels are promising candidates for flexible electronics, biomedical devices, and so on. However, the conflict between improving the mechanical strength and toughness properties of polysaccharide-based hydrogels remains unsolved. Herein, a strategy is proposed to produce a hierarchically structured cellulose hydrogel that combines solution annealing and dual cross-linking treatment approaches. The solution annealing considerably increases the hydrophobic stacking and chemical cross-linking of the cellulose chains, thereby facilitating their subsequent self-assembly and recrystallization during the chemical and physical cross-linking processes. The cellulose hydrogels exhibit superposed chemically and physically cross-linked domains comprising homogeneous nanoporous network structures, which in turn are composed of interconnected cellulose nanofibers and cellulose II crystallite hydrates. These cellulose hydrogels exhibit a high water content of 76-84% and excellent mechanical properties that compare favorably to those of biomacromolecule-based hydrogels. The prepared hydrogels exhibit a mechanical strength and work of fracture of 21 ± 3 MPa and 2.6 ± 0.4 MJ m-3 under compression, and 7.2 ± 0.7 MPa and 5.9 ± 0.6 MJ m-3 under tension, respectively. It is anticipated that this strategy will be applicable to other biomacromolecules and crystalline polymers, and that it will enable the construction of other hydrogels exhibiting high mechanical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingdong Wei
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xuejie Yu
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yujia Fang
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Research Institute of Shenzhen, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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8
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Xie Q, Yang J, Cai J, Shen F, Gu J. Homogeneous preparation of water-soluble products from chitin under alkaline conditions and their cell proliferation in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123321. [PMID: 36657539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare water-soluble products by homogeneous depolymerization of chitin with H2O2 under alkaline conditions and investigate their potential application in wound healing. For the first time, water-soluble products were successfully prepared using a chitin-NaOH/urea solution; the products were chitosans with molecular weights (Mw) of 3.48-33.5 kDa and degrees of deacetylation (DD) > 0.5. Their Mw, DD and yield were affected by the reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of H2O2 and chitin DD. The deacetylation and depolymerization of chitin were achieved simultaneously. The depolymerization of chitin was caused by hydrogen abstraction of HO, whereas the deacetylation resulted from the cleavage of amide bonds by HO- and HO2-, although the latter played a more important role. All water-soluble chitosans markedly promoted the proliferation of human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells, but they inhibited the proliferation of human keratinocyte cells. For the proliferation of HSF, a low concentration of chitosans was important. In addition, water-soluble chitosans with an Mw of 3.48-16.4 kDa markedly stimulated the expression of growth factors such as PDGF and TGF-β by macrophages. Water-soluble chitosans could be used as a potential active component in wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fengqin Shen
- Changzhou Liu Guojun Vocational Technology College, Changzhou 213025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbin Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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9
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Qian J, Dong Q, Chun K, Zhu D, Zhang X, Mao Y, Culver JN, Tai S, German JR, Dean DP, Miller JT, Wang L, Wu T, Li T, Brozena AH, Briber RM, Milton DK, Bentley WE, Hu L. Highly stable, antiviral, antibacterial cotton textiles via molecular engineering. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:168-176. [PMID: 36585515 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cotton textiles are ubiquitous in daily life and are also one of the primary mediums for transmitting viruses and bacteria. Conventional approaches to fabricating antiviral and antibacterial textiles generally load functional additives onto the surface of the fabric and/or their microfibres. However, such modifications are susceptible to deterioration after long-term use due to leaching of the additives. Here we show a different method to impregnate copper ions into the cellulose matrix to form a copper ion-textile (Cu-IT), in which the copper ions strongly coordinate with the oxygen-containing polar functional groups (for example, hydroxyl) of the cellulose chains. The Cu-IT displays high antiviral and antibacterial performance against tobacco mosaic virus and influenza A virus, and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis bacteria due to the antimicrobial properties of copper. Furthermore, the strong coordination bonding of copper ions with the hydroxyl functionalities endows the Cu-IT with excellent air/water retainability and superior mechanical stability, which can meet daily use and resist repeated washing. This method to fabricate Cu-IT is cost-effective, ecofriendly and highly scalable, and this textile appears very promising for use in household products, public facilities and medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kayla Chun
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dongyang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - James N Culver
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sheldon Tai
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer R German
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - David P Dean
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Liguang Wang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Tianpin Wu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Donald K Milton
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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10
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Pullulan-stabilized gold nanoparticles tablet as a nanozyme sensor for point-of-care applications. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Phenol Liquefaction of Waste Sawdust Pretreated by Sodium Hydroxide: Optimization of Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227880. [PMID: 36431979 PMCID: PMC9697756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a two-step method was used to realize the liquefaction of waste sawdust under atmospheric pressure, and to achieve a high liquefaction rate. Specifically, waste sawdust was pretreated with NaOH, followed by liquefaction using phenol. The relative optimum condition for alkali-heat pretreatment was a 1:1 mass ratio of NaOH to sawdust at 140 °C. The reaction parameters including the mass ratio of phenol to pretreated sawdust, liquefaction temperature, and liquefaction time were optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for phenol liquefaction of pretreated sawdust were a 4.21 mass ratio of phenol to sawdust, a liquefaction temperature of 173.58 °C, and a liquefaction time of 2.24 h, resulting in corresponding liquefied residues of 6.35%. The liquefaction rate reached 93.65%. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze untreated waste sawdust, pretreated sawdust, liquefied residues, and liquefied liquid. SEM results showed that the alkali-heat pretreatment and liquefaction reactions destroyed the intact, dense, and homogeneous sample structures. FT-IR results showed that liquefied residues contain aromatic compounds with different substituents, including mainly lignin and its derivatives, while the liquefied liquid contains a large number of aromatic phenolic compounds. XRD showed that alkali-heat pretreatment and phenol liquefaction destroyed most of the crystalline regions, greatly reduced the crystallinity and changed the crystal type of cellulose in the sawdust.
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12
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Liu Y, Chen J, Cheng Y, Li Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Xu X, Lin Y, Xu J, Li Z. A simple and rapid technique of template preparation for PCR. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1024827. [PMID: 36439815 PMCID: PMC9686307 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many techniques have been developed for extracting DNA, but most are often complex, time-consuming, and/or expensive. In this study, we describe a simple, rapid and cost-effective technique for preparing DNA template for PCR. This technique involves 0.1 M potassium hydroxide treatment at 100°C for 10 min followed by centrifugation. The suspended centrifuged sediments were shown as excellent templates for PCR. Templates prepared using this technique worked for diverse microorganisms belonging to bacteria, fungi and oomycetes and their amplification efficiencies were comparable to/better than those prepared using common but relatively more complex, time-consuming, and/or expensive methods, including commercial DNA extraction kits. Furthermore, this technology is suitable for high-throughput batch processing and for amplifications of long DNA fragments. Flow cytometry and scanning electronic microscopy analyzes showed that this technique generated primarily damaged cells and cell-bound DNA, not free naked DNA. This technique provides a great convenience for simple PCR template preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Li
- Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Agriculture and Rural Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xinwen Li
- Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Agriculture and Rural Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengbing Zhang
- Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Agriculture and Rural Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Agriculture and Rural Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yufeng Lin
- Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Agriculture and Rural Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Jianping Xu,
| | - Zhimin Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhimin Li,
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13
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Zhu Z, Wu S, Qi B, Luo J, Wan Y. Highly efficient glucose production from raw non-pretreated Chinese medicinal herbal residues via the synergism of cellulase and amylolytic enzymes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128102. [PMID: 36243259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Available literature on Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs) bioconversion highlights pretreatment prior to saccharification with cellulase without considering the presence of starch constituent. Herein, four commonly found CMHRs were tested for starch content, and it was found they all contained starch with content ranging from 4.74% to 16.78%. Hydrolysis of raw CMHRs with combined cellulase and amylolytic enzymes yielded increments of 16.85% to 26.51% in 48-h glucan conversion compared to cellulase alone. Further study showed 48-h glucan conversion of raw CMHRs outperformed that pretreated by water-ethanol successive extraction, ultrasound and acid, but underperformed alkali-pretreated CMHRs. Although increasing 48-h glucan conversion in the range of 7.40% to 24.10% compared to raw CMHRs, alkaline pretreatment demonstrated low glucose recovery and incurred additional cost, making it unfavorable. Saccharification of the four raw CMHRs with combined enzymes seems like a preferred option considering the elimination of high-cost pretreatment step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Zhu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Sirong Wu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Benkun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Isomerization of 6-O-substituted glucose and fructose under neutral pH conditions and subsequent β-elimination reactions. Carbohydr Res 2022; 519:108626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Luo H, Liu X, Yu D, Yuan J, Tan J, Li H. Research Progress on Lignocellulosic Biomass Degradation Catalyzed by Enzymatic Nanomaterials. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200566. [PMID: 35862657 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomass (LCB) has extensive applications in many fields such as bioenergy, food, medicines, and raw materials for producing value-added products. One of the keys to efficient utilization of LCB is to obtain directly available oligo- and monomers (e.g., glucose). With the characteristics of easy recovery and separation, high efficiency, economy, and environmental protection, immobilized enzymes have been developed as heterogeneous catalysts to degrade LCB effectively. In this review, applications and mechanisms of LCB-degrading enzymes are discussed, and the nanomaterials and methods used to immobilize enzymes are also discussed. Finally, the research progress of lignocellulose biodegradation catalyzed by nano-enzymes was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Luo
- Guiyang University, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Guiyang University, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dayong Yu
- Guiyang University, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, CHINA
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Guizhou University, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Jinyu Tan
- Guizhou University, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Hu Li
- Guizhou University, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Huaxi Street, 550025, Guiyang, CHINA
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16
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Influence of flax fibers on epoxide-amine composites: Energetics of interphase formation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Chemical Recycling of a Textile Blend from Polyester and Viscose, Part I: Process Description, Characterization, and Utilization of the Recycled Cellulose. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Material recycling requires solutions that are technically, as well as economically and ecologically, viable. In this work, the technical feasibility to separate textile blends of viscose and polyester using alkaline hydrolysis is demonstrated. Polyester is depolymerized into the monomer terephthalic acid at high yields, while viscose is recovered in a polymeric form. After the alkaline treatment, the intrinsic viscosity of cellulose is decreased by up to 35%, which means it may not be suitable for conventional fiber-to-fiber recycling; however, it might be attractive in other technologies, such as emerging fiber processes, or as raw material for sugar platforms. Further, we present an upscaled industrial process layout, which is used to pinpoint the areas of the proposed process that require further optimization. The NaOH economy is identified as the key to an economically viable process, and several recommendations are given to decrease the consumption of NaOH. To further enhance the ecological end economic feasibility of the process, an increased hydrolysis rate and integration with a pulp mill are suggested.
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18
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Preparation, Characterization, and Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystal from Lignocellulosic Biomass for Immobilized Lipase. FIBERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fib10040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw as the matrix for immobilized lipase enzyme. The CNC surface was modified using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to improve the interaction of CNC with glutaraldehyde so that CNC can immobilize lipase effectively. The results showed that after surface modification of CNC using CTAB with concentrations of 2–10 mM, the crystallinity of CNC slightly decreased. The presence of immobilized lipase on the modified CNC was confirmed visibly by the appearance of dark spots using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bond formed between the enzyme and CNC was approved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR results show a new amine group peak in the immobilized lipase, which is not present in the modified CNC itself. The modified CNC, both from bagasse (SB-20 A1-1) and rice straw (RS-20 B1-1), was successfully applied to the immobilized lipase enzyme with a yield of 88%. The observed free enzyme activity was 3.69 µmol/min∙mL. The degree of hydrolysis of canola oil relative to free lipase (100%) from immobilized lipase at lipase SB-20 A1-1 and lipase RS-20 A1-1 was 23% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, this study successfully immobilized lipase and applied it to the hydrolysis of triglycerides.
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19
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20
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Gong X, Hui X, Wu G, Morton JD, Brennan MA, Brennan CS. In vitro digestion characteristics of cereal protein concentrates as assessed using a pepsin-pancreatin digestion model. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110715. [PMID: 35181112 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline extraction method has been used in many studies to extract total protein from cereal samples. Wheat bran protein concentrate (WBPC), oat bran protein concentrate (OBPC), and barley protein concentrate (BPC) were prepared by alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation to study their functional and nutritional properties. The three protein concentrates were hydrolysed by an in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion model. Their digestibility (%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH%) were evaluated, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to illustrate the protein and peptides patterns. The change of the particle sizes and the release of the essential amino acids was followed during the digestion process. The in vitro digestibility of WBPC, OBPC and BPC was 87.4%, 96.1% and 76.9%, respectively. The DH% of protein concentrates were between 50 and 60%. The change of the particle size distribution values Dv(50) was assumed to be related to protein aggregations during the digestion. The protein fractions were identified and the degradation during the digestion and were analysed by SDS-PAGE; the gels of WBPC and OBPC digestion showed virtually complete degradation whereas the intensive bands of undigested protein were presented for BPC. The generation of the free amino acids and short chain peptides were significantly higher at the end of the intestinal digestion compared to the stages of before and after gastric digestion. Higher content of the deficient amino acids such as lysine and threonine were found comparing to the level of deficient amino acids in cereal grains but does not meet the daily recommended intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gong
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Xiaodan Hui
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brennan
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Charles S Brennan
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Biosciences and Food Technologies, School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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21
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Sato K, Nagasawa T, Kasumi T. An Organogermanium Compound Enhances the Initial Reaction Rate of Alkaline Isomerization of an Aldose into a Ketose through Enediol Complex Formation. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2022; 69:9-13. [PMID: 35493701 PMCID: PMC8960003 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2021_0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the organogermanium compound 3-(trihydroxygermyl)propanoic acid (THGP) enhances the enzymatic and alkaline isomerization of an aldose to a ketose through cis-diol complex formation by multiple mechanisms. Its higher affinity for the ketose than the aldose protects the ketose complex from alkaline decomposition. Furthermore, it has been reported that the aldose-ketose alkaline isomerization pathway includes 1,2-enediol. Therefore, we speculated that the complex-forming ability of THGP could also be applied to enediol, a transient intermediate of alkaline isomerization. To test this prediction, we analyzed the initial rates of glucose or lactose isomerization in a region where there was no substantial difference in pH with and without THGP addition. The results showed that THGP enhanced the rate of fructose or lactulose formation per unit time by approximately 2-fold compared to the control. This finding indicated that THGP could form a complex with the transition state of aldose-ketose alkaline isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takafumi Kasumi
- Enzymology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
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22
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Ruhr D, Reiche A. Kinetic Parameters of the Cross‐linking Reaction of Cellulose Membranes with Bifunctional Epoxides. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ruhr
- Leibniz University Hannover Institute of Technical Chemistry Callinstraße 5 30167 Hannover Germany
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH August-Spindler-Straße 11 37079 Göttingen Germany
| | - Annette Reiche
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH August-Spindler-Straße 11 37079 Göttingen Germany
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23
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D’Erme C, Caseri WR, Santarelli ML. Effect of Fibrillated Cellulose on Lime Pastes and Mortars. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020459. [PMID: 35057177 PMCID: PMC8778867 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanocellulose in traditional lime-based mortars is a promising solution for green buildings in the frame of limiting the CO2 emissions resulting from Portland Cement production. The influence of the fibrillated cellulose (FC) on lime pastes and lime-based mortars was studied incorporating FC at dosages of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3 wt% by weight of binder. The lime pastes were subjected to thermal and nitrogen gas sorption analyses to understand if FC affects the formation of hydraulic compounds and the mesoporosities volume and distribution. The setting and early hydration of the mortars were studied with isothermal calorimetry. The mechanical performances were investigated with compressive and three-point-bending tests. Furthermore, fragments resulting from the mechanical tests were microscopically studied to understand the reinforcement mechanism of the fibres. It was found that 0.3 wt% of FC enhances the flexural and compressive strengths respectively by 57% and 44% while the crack propagation after the material failure is not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara D’Erme
- DICMA—Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Remo Caseri
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (W.R.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Maria Laura Santarelli
- DICMA—Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (W.R.C.); (M.L.S.)
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24
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An X, Zong Z, Zhang Q, Li Z, Zhong M, Long H, Cai C, Tan X. Novel thermo-alkali-stable cellulase-producing Serratia sp. AXJ-M cooperates with Arthrobacter sp. AXJ-M1 to improve degradation of cellulose in papermaking black liquor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126811. [PMID: 34388933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent requirement to treat cellulose present in papermaking black liquor since it induces severe economic wastes and causes environmental pollution. We characterized cellulase activity at different temperatures and pH to seek thermo-alkali-stable cellulase-producing bacteria, a natural consortium of Serratia sp. AXJ-M and Arthrobacter sp. AXJ-M1 was used to improve the degradation of cellulose. Notably, the enzyme activities and the degradation rate of cellulose were increased by 30%-70% and 30% after co-culture, respectively. In addition, the addition of cosubstrates increased the degradation rate of cellulose beyond 30%. The thermo-alkali-stable endoglucanase (bcsZ) gene was derived from the strain AXJ-M and was cloned and expressed. The purified bcsZ displayed the maximum activity at 70 °C and pH 9. Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Tween-20 had beneficial effects on the enzyme activity. Structurally, bcsZ potentially catalyzed the degradation of cellulose. The co-culture with ligninolytic activities significantly decreased target the parameters (cellulose 45% and COD 95%) while using the immobilized fluidized bed reactors (FBRs). Finally, toxicological tests and antioxidant enzyme activities indicated that the co-culture had a detoxifying effect on black liquor. Our study showed that Serratia sp. AXJ-M acts synergistically with Arthrobacter sp. AXJ-M1 may be potentially useful for bioremediation for black liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Zhengbin Zong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Zhimin Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Min Zhong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Haozhi Long
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Changzhi Cai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Wuhan 430062, PR China
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25
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Uring P, Chabas A, Alfaro SC. Textile ageing due to atmospheric gases and particles in indoor cultural heritage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66340-66354. [PMID: 34333749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Textile fibre degradation can be due to many factors. The most common cause is light exposure, but upon the lifespan of a textile, many other environmental factors are to be taken into account. This study focuses on the role of atmospheric compounds-both particulate and gaseous species-on natural textiles ageing, more specifically cotton, silk and wool. To achieve this, reference samples of textiles were exposed to contrasted environments (marine, urban and semi-rural museums and historical buildings) for natural ageing. These conditions were also reproduced in an experimental chamber dedicated to the study of the impact of airborne pollutants on heritage materials. Experimental ageing allowed to highlight degradation mechanisms for each fibre: SO2 and HCOOH cause the cleavage of cotton's glyosidic links and silk's peptide bonds, while NO2 promotes the oxidation of the fibres. The most harmful pollutant towards cotton is NO2 since it causes both its oxidation and hydrolysis. The case of wool is more complicated: HCOOH provokes peptide link cleavage (similarly to silk) but this fibre is less sensitive to SO2 attacks than silk and even seems to be protected against future alterations after having been firstly exposed to this pollutant. In any case, this experimental study evidences that damages caused by gaseous pollutants are fostered by the presence of particles, regardless of the chemical composition of the particle coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Uring
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Anne Chabas
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Stéphane C Alfaro
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
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26
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Chiku K, Yoshida M, Ono H, Kitaoka M. Generation of 3-deoxypentulose by the isomerization and β-elimination of 4-O-substituted glucose and fructose. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108402. [PMID: 34303026 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aldose-ketose isomerization is commonly used to prepare rare oligosaccharides such as maltulose (4-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) and lactulose (4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-d-fructose). However, both sugars are degraded under alkaline conditions via β-elimination, while their subsequent benzylic acid rearrangement leads to the formation of isosaccharinic acids. Here, we investigated the behavior of maltose and maltulose upon heating in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.5. Maltose was initially isomerized into maltulose. Maltulose was degraded via β-elimination, followed by keto-enol tautomerization, which led to the formation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl intermediate bearing an aldehyde group at the C-1 position and a ketone group at the C-3 position. Subsequent hydrolysis of this intermediate afforded formic acid and 3-deoxy-d-glycero-pent-2-ulose (1) as the major products based on HPLC and NMR data. In contrast, the formation of isosaccharinic acid via benzylic acid rearrangement, not the 3-deoxypentulose, was reported under the strongly alkaline conditions (Knill and Kennedy, 2003). The heat treatment of 1→4 linked oligo- and polysaccharides possessing glucose or fructose residue at the reducing end under neutral pH conditions could be applied for the practical preparation of a 3-deoxypentulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Chiku
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Yoshida
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ono
- Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Motomitsu Kitaoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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Use of Chènevotte, a Valuable Co-Product of Industrial Hemp Fiber, as Adsorbent for Pollutant Removal. Part I: Chemical, Microscopic, Spectroscopic and Thermogravimetric Characterization of Raw and Modified Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154574. [PMID: 34361726 PMCID: PMC8348367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FINEAU (2021–2024) is a trans-disciplinary research project involving French, Serbian, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian colleagues, a French agricultural cooperative and two surface-treatment industries, intending to propose chènevotte, a co-product of the hemp industry, as an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from polycontaminated wastewater. The first objective of FINEAU was to prepare and characterize chènevotte-based materials. In this study, the impact of water washing and treatments (KOH, Na2CO3 and H3PO4) on the composition and structure of chènevotte (also called hemp shives) was evaluated using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray computed nanotomography (nano-CT), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that all these techniques are complementary and useful to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples. Before any chemical treatment, the presence of impurities with a compact unfibrillated structure on the surfaces of chènevotte samples was found. Data indicated an increase in the crystallinity index and significant changes in the chemical composition of each sample after treatment as well as in surface morphology and roughness. The most significant changes were observed in alkaline-treated samples, especially those treated with KOH.
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Extraction and Characterization of Hemicelluloses from a Softwood Acid Sulfite Pulp. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132044. [PMID: 34206666 PMCID: PMC8271795 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicelluloses were extracted from a softwood acid sulfite pulp in a three-step procedure. Further delignification step resulted in a holocellulose pulp containing only 1.7 wt.% of the lignin left. Cold caustic extraction (CCE) with 18 wt.% NaOH at 60 °C for 1 h was performed to solubilize hemicelluloses of the holocellulose. An unbleached cellulose pulp was then obtained 97% pure, which indicates that 89% of the hemicelluloses were removed. After purification, extraction yields between 1.1 wt.% and 9.5 wt.% were obtained from the delignified pulp and the hemicelluloses’ chemical compositions and structures were investigated by 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and two-dimensional NMR by correlation spectroscopy (2D-COSY) and proton-detected heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (2D-HSQC), high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with a pulsed amperometry detector (HPAEC-PAD), size-exclusion chromatography coupled with a refractive index detector (SEC-RI) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Hemicelluloses were obtained with a purity of 96%, with short cellulosic chains as the only residue. Sulfite pulping modified the hemicelluloses’ structure, and it was found that two types of hemicelluloses were isolated, glucomannans, predominant at 67%, and methylglucuronoxylans. Finally, alkali-soluble hemicelluloses displayed relatively narrow size distributions and low molar masses, Mw varying between 18,900 and 30,000 g/mol after acid sulfite pulping.
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29
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Kuippers G, Morris K, Townsend LT, Bots P, Kvashnina K, Bryan ND, Lloyd JR. Biomineralization of Uranium-Phosphates Fueled by Microbial Degradation of Isosaccharinic Acid (ISA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4597-4606. [PMID: 33755437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geological disposal is the globally preferred long-term solution for higher activity radioactive wastes (HAW) including intermediate level waste (ILW). In a cementitious disposal system, cellulosic waste items present in ILW may undergo alkaline hydrolysis, producing significant quantities of isosaccharinic acid (ISA), a chelating agent for radionuclides. Although microbial degradation of ISA has been demonstrated, its impact upon the fate of radionuclides in a geological disposal facility (GDF) is a topic of ongoing research. This study investigates the fate of U(VI) in pH-neutral, anoxic, microbial enrichment cultures, approaching conditions similar to the far field of a GDF, containing ISA as the sole carbon source, and elevated phosphate concentrations, incubated both (i) under fermentation and (ii) Fe(III)-reducing conditions. In the ISA-fermentation experiment, U(VI) was precipitated as insoluble U(VI)-phosphates, whereas under Fe(III)-reducing conditions, the majority of the uranium was precipitated as reduced U(IV)-phosphates, presumably formed via enzymatic reduction mediated by metal-reducing bacteria, including Geobacter species. Overall, this suggests the establishment of a microbially mediated "bio-barrier" extending into the far field geosphere surrounding a GDF is possible and this biobarrier has the potential to evolve in response to GDF evolution and can have a controlling impact on the fate of radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Kuippers
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal & Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal & Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Luke T Townsend
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal & Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pieter Bots
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal & Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G11XQ, U.K
| | - Kristina Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicholas D Bryan
- National Nuclear Laboratory Limited, Chadwick House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6AE, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal & Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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30
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Nguyen VC, Nimbalkar DB, Nam LD, Lee YL, Teng H. Photocatalytic Cellulose Reforming for H2 and Formate Production by Using Graphene Oxide-Dot Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van-Can Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Dipak B. Nimbalkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Le D. Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsisheng Teng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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31
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Dou J, Heinonen J, Vuorinen T, Xu C, Sainio T. Chromatographic recovery and purification of natural phytochemicals from underappreciated willow bark water extracts. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Ke W, Zhang X, Zhu F, Wu H, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Hartley W, Xue S. Appropriate human intervention stimulates the development of microbial communities and soil formation at a long-term weathered bauxite residue disposal area. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124689. [PMID: 33278724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bauxite residue discharged to disposal areas, which could generate environmental pollution issues. Long-term natural restoration may improve the physicochemical properties of the residues, in turn supporting vegetation establishment, and effectively managing pollution. Nevertheless, the effects of short-term human intervention on soil formation in the weathered disposal areas are still relatively unknown. Thus, residue samples with different depths from different regions including no vegetation, sparse vegetation, complete vegetation coverage, and complete vegetation coverage following sewage sludge treatment were selected to analyze microbial community using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and evaluate soil formation process. Long-term weathering changed pH, the fraction of water-stable aggregates and nutrient concentrations, whilst promoting Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Planctomycete populations. Sewage sludge addition enhanced aggregate stability and significantly changed microbial community diversity. Sewage sludge application enriched the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whilst decreasing the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, which may be due to variation in environmental factors. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that pH and EC were the main factors affecting microbial structure, followed by organic carbon content and aggregate stability. The results enhance the understanding of soil formation in bauxite residue and reveal the potential benefit of human intervention in ecological reconstruction at disposal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshun Ke
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xianchao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - William Hartley
- Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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33
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Wang JX, Hayashi JI, Asano S, Kudo S. Analysis of Primary Reactions in Biomass Oxidation with O 2 in Hot-Compressed Alkaline Water. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4236-4246. [PMID: 33644546 PMCID: PMC7906591 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated oxidation of pulverized Japanese cedar with O2 in hot-compressed alkaline water, employing a newly developed flow-through fixed-bed reactor (percolator). It allowed us to determine the rate of the primary extraction that was free from the secondary reactions of extract in the aqueous phase and those over the residual solid, solubility of extractable matter, and mass transport processes. Quantitative kinetic analysis revealed that the cedar consisted of three kinetic components (C1-C3) that underwent extraction in parallel following first-order kinetics with different rate constants. Further analysis revealed the chemical compositions of the kinetic components, which were mixtures of carbohydrates and lignin. C1 was converted most rapidly by nonoxidative reactions such as alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis, while C2 was converted by oxidative degradation. The product distributions from C1 and C2 (CO2, lower organic acids, oligosaccharides, acid-soluble, and acid-insoluble lignins) were steady throughout their conversion. Both C1 and C2 thus behaved as single reactants; nevertheless, those were lignin/carbohydrates mixtures. It was also demonstrated that the extraction rate of C2 was proportional to the concentration of dissolved O2. C3 was the most refractory component, consisting mainly of glucan and very minimally of the lignin, xylan, mannan, galactan, and arabinan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xian Wang
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Engineering
Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Hayashi
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Engineering
Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Transdisciplinary
Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shusaku Asano
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Engineering
Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudo
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Engineering
Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Transdisciplinary
Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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Jiang Y, Wang X, Wu Z, Xu J, Hu L, Lin L. Integration of hemicellulose pre-extraction and solid alkali-oxygen cooking processes for lignocellulose fractionation with emphasis on xylan valorization. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Califano D, Patenall BL, Kadowaki MAS, Mattia D, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Enzyme-Functionalized Cellulose Beads as a Promising Antimicrobial Material. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:754-762. [PMID: 33404227 PMCID: PMC7884000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
extensive use of antibiotics over the last decades is responsible
for the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms that
are challenging health care systems worldwide. The use of alternative
antimicrobial materials could mitigate the selection of new MDR strains
by reducing antibiotic overuse. This paper describes the design of
enzyme-based antimicrobial cellulose beads containing a covalently
coupled glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger (GOx) able to release antimicrobial concentrations of hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) (≈ 1.8 mM). The material preparation
was optimized to obtain the best performance in terms of mechanical
resistance, shelf life, and H2O2 production.
As a proof of concept, agar inhibition halo assays (Kirby-Bauer test)
against model pathogens were performed. The two most relevant factors
affecting the bead functionalization process were the degree of oxidation
and the pH used for the enzyme binding process. Slightly acidic conditions
during the functionalization process (pH 6) showed the best results
for the GOx/cellulose system. The functionalized beads inhibited the
growth of all the microorganisms assayed, confirming the release of
sufficient antimicrobial levels of H2O2. The
maximum inhibition efficiency was exhibited toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), although significant inhibitory effects
toward methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus were also observed.
These enzyme-functionalized cellulose beads represent an inexpensive,
sustainable, and biocompatible antimicrobial material with potential
use in many applications, including the manufacturing of biomedical
products and additives for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Califano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Lee Patenall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A S Kadowaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Mattia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Janet L Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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36
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Ruhr D, John M, Reiche A. Determination of the effective degree of cross-linking of porous cellulose membranes cross-linked with bifunctional epoxides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Jablonský M, Šima J. Stability of Alum-Containing Paper under Alkaline Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245815. [PMID: 33317188 PMCID: PMC7763073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present contribution evaluates the methods of degradation and stabilization of alum-containing paper with a focus on the alkaline environment achieved by deacidification procedures. In terms of reviewed subjects, the contribution focuses on alum-rosin sized paper, which is still used as a carrier of knowledge and information; however, it also mentions cellulose itself and other brands of paper. The contribution summarizes the results on the homogeneity of the distribution of alum and rosin in the paper mass and on the paper surface. It provides the knowledge gained in the field of alkaline hydrolysis and oxidation with special regard to transition metal species. It shows the values of alkaline reserves achieved in the main mass-deacidification processes. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the contribution emphasizes the procedures of paper stabilization. Criteria of “increased mechanical permanence and lifetime prolongation” adopted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of individual mass-deacidification processes were applied and corresponding data are introduced. The contribution also draws attention to the existence of open issues in the area of paper degradation and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jablonský
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jozef Šima
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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38
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Córdova BM, Venâncio T, Olivera M, Huamani-Palomino RG, Valderrama AC. Xanthation of alginate for heavy metal ions removal. Characterization of xanthate-modified alginates and its metal derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:130-142. [PMID: 33296691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthates are widely used in mining industry as collectors for its high affinity towards metal sulfides and precious metal ores. The possibility of using alginate for xanthation has not been explored yet despite the feasibility by the presence of hydroxyl groups alongside the polymeric chains. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the alginate as a matrix for xanthation and its application on heavy metal ions removal. In order to obtain green materials, important pararmeter were explored such as the effect of reaction time (4-12 h), type of base (NaOH/KOH) and amount of carbon disulfide (2-10%v/v). Xanthated alginates were analyzed by NMR techniques and evidence of β-elimination was detected at 5.45 ppm. Furthermore, the presence of S element was confirmed by EDS mapping technique, while XRD showed a semi-crystalline structure. On the other hand, the chemical shifts of δ(C=S) and ν(C=S) bands were found around 863-805 cm-1 and 662-602 cm-1 respectively. Also, a shoulder at 182 ppm is appreciated by NMR in solid state attributed to CS group. According to FESEM analyses, morphology of xanthated alginates is affected by interaction with heavy metal ions. Finally, suitable materials for the removal of heavy metal ions were established at optimum pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Profesional de Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Peru.
| | - Tiago Venâncio
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo CP 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Olivera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Peru
| | - Ronny G Huamani-Palomino
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Profesional de Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Peru
| | - A C Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Profesional de Química, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Peru.
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39
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Zhao Z, Guo Y, Zhang T, Ma J, Li H, Zhou J, Wang Z, Sun R. Preparation of carbon dots from waste cellulose diacetate as a sensor for tetracycline detection and fluorescence ink. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4289-4298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Nichols BLB, Chen J, Mischnick P, Edgar KJ. Selective Oxidation of 2-Hydroxypropyl Ethers of Cellulose and Dextran: Simple and Efficient Introduction of Versatile Ketone Groups to Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4835-4849. [PMID: 33236636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of polysaccharides has been a useful approach to new materials. However, selectivity in oxidation of polysaccharide macromolecular polyols remains a significant challenge with few methods for the synthesis of ketone-substituted polysaccharides. We report here a selective, practical, and efficient process, beginning with 2-hydroxypropyl ethers of polysaccharides that are simple and economical to prepare. We demonstrate this approach herein using commercial 2-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and 2-hydroxypropyl dextran (HPD) that we prepared. We oxidize the terminal, secondary alcohols of the oligo(2-hydroxypropyl) substituents with sodium hypochlorite so that the product has an oligo(2-hydroxypropyl) side chains terminated by a ketone. We demonstrate the high chemo- and regioselectivity of this oxidation by analytical methods including hydrolysis to monosaccharides and mass spectrometry of the resulting mixture. We provide an initial demonstration of the potential utility of these keto-polysaccharides by reacting Ox-HPC with primary amines to form Schiff base imines, providing proactive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L B Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Petra Mischnick
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.,Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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41
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Wang JX, Asano S, Kudo S, Hayashi JI. Deep Delignification of Woody Biomass by Repeated Mild Alkaline Treatments with Pressurized O 2. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29168-29176. [PMID: 33225148 PMCID: PMC7675533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Delignification is essential in effective utilization of carbohydrates of lignocellulosic biomass. Characteristics of the delignification are important for the yield and property of the resulting carbohydrates. Oxidation with O2 of biomass in alkaline water can potentially produce high-purity cellulose at high yield. The present authors chose a Japanese cedar and investigated its oxidative delignification at 90 °C. The delignification selectivity was determined mainly by the chemical structures of lignin and cellulose. Treatment conditions, except for temperature, hardly changed the relationship between delignification rate and cellulose retention. During the treatment, dissolved lignin underwent chemical condensation in the aqueous phase. This "unfavorable" condensation consumed O2-derived active species, slowing down further delignification. Repeated short-time oxidation with renewal of alkaline water suppressed the condensation, enhancing the delignification. Repetition of 2-h treatments four times achieved 96% delignification, which was 8% higher than a single 8-h treatment at 130 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xian Wang
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shusaku Asano
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudo
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Transdisciplinary
Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Hayashi
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Transdisciplinary
Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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Zhu L, Fu X, Hu Y, Hu C. Controlling the Reaction Networks for Efficient Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4812-4832. [PMID: 32667707 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived hexose constitutes the main component of lignocellulosic biomass for producing value-added chemicals and biofuels. However, the reaction network of hexose is complicated, which makes the highly selective synthesis of one particular product challenging in biorefinery. This Review focuses on the selective production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose on account of its potential significance as an important platform molecule. The complex reaction network involved in glucose-to-HMF transformations is briefly summarized. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing the complexities of feedstocks, intermediates, (side-) products, catalysts, solvents, and their impacts on the reaction network. The strategies and representative examples for adjusting the reaction pathway toward HMF by developing multifunctional catalysts and promoters, taking advantage of solvent effects and process intensification, and synergizing all measures are comprehensively discussed. An outlook is provided to highlight the challenges and opportunities faced in this promising field. It is expected to provide guidance to design practical catalytic processes for advancing HMF biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yexin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P.R. China
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Herburger K, Franková L, Sanhueza D, Roig-Sanchez S, Meulewaeter F, Hudson A, Thomson A, Laromaine A, Budtova T, Fry SC. Enzymically attaching oligosaccharide-linked 'cargoes' to cellulose and other commercial polysaccharides via stable covalent bonds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4359-4369. [PMID: 32918959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Equisetum enzyme hetero-trans-β-glucanase (HTG) covalently grafts native plant cellulose (donor-substrate) to xyloglucan (acceptor-substrate), potentially offering a novel 'green' method of cellulose functionalisation. However, the range of cellulosic and non-cellulosic donor substrates that can be utilised by HTG is unknown, limiting our insight into its biotechnological potential. Here we show that HTG binds all celluloses tested (papers, tissues, hydrogels, bacterial cellulose) to radioactively- or fluorescently-labelled xyloglucan-heptasaccharide (XXXGol; acceptor-substrate). Glycol-chitin, glycol-chitosan and chitosan also acted as donor substrates but less effectively than cellulose. Cellulose-XXXGol conjugates were formed throughout the volume of a block of hydrogel, demonstrating penetration. Plant-derived celluloses (cellulose Iβ) became more effective donor-substrates after 'mercerisation' in ≥3 M NaOH; the opposite was true for bacterial cellulose Iα. Cellulose-XXXGol bonds resisted boiling 6 M NaOH, demonstrating strong glycosidic bonding. In conclusion, HTG stably grafts native and processed celluloses to xyloglucan-oligosaccharides, which may carry valuable 'cargoes', exemplified by sulphorhodamine. We thus demonstrate HTG's biotechnological potential to modify various cellulose-based substrates such as textiles, pulps, papers, packaging, sanitary products and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Herburger
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom.
| | - Lenka Franková
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Dayan Sanhueza
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Soledad Roig-Sanchez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia E-08193, Spain
| | - Frank Meulewaeter
- BASF, BBCC Innovation Center Gent - Trait Research, 9052 Gent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - Andrew Hudson
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Thomson
- Edinburgh Innovations, The University of Edinburgh, Murchison House, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia E-08193, Spain
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CEMEF - Center for Materials Forming, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
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44
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Alkoxycarbonyl elimination of 3-O-substituted glucose and fructose by heat treatment under neutral pH. Carbohydr Res 2020; 496:108129. [PMID: 32858482 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
3-O-Substituted reducing aldoses are commonly unstable under heat treatment at neutral and alkaline pH. In this study, to evaluate the decomposition products, nigerose (3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) and 3-O-methyl glucose were heated at 90 °C in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). Decomposition via β-elimination was observed that formed a mixture of 3-deoxy-arabino-hexonic acid and 3-deoxy-ribo-hexonic acid; upon further acid treatment, it was converted to their γ-lactones. Similarly, turanose (3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose), a ketose isomer of nigerose, decomposed more rapidly than nigerose under the same conditions, forming the same products. These findings indicate that 3-O-substituted reducing glucose and fructose decompose via the same 1,2-enediol intermediate. The alkoxycarbonyl elimination of 3-O-substituted reducing glucose and fructose occurs readily if an O-glycosidic bond is located on the carbon adjacent to the 1,2-enediol intermediate. Following these experiments, we proposed a kinetic model for the3- decomposition of nigerose and turanose by heat treatment under neutral pH conditions. The proposed model showed a good fit with the experimental data collected in this study. The rate constant of the decomposition for nigerose was (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10-4 s-1, whereas that for turanose [(2.6 ± 0.2) × 10-4 s-1] was about 2.2 times higher.
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45
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Gu F, Liu H. Hydroxyl radicals-mediated oxidative cleavage of the glycosidic bond in cellobiose by copper catalysts and its application to low-temperature depolymerization of cellulose. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bassil NM, Small JS, Lloyd JR. Enhanced microbial degradation of irradiated cellulose under hyperalkaline conditions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:fiaa102. [PMID: 32459307 PMCID: PMC7329180 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate-level radioactive waste includes cellulosic materials, which under the hyperalkaline conditions expected in a cementitious geological disposal facility (GDF) will undergo abiotic hydrolysis forming a variety of soluble organic species. Isosaccharinic acid (ISA) is a notable hydrolysis product, being a strong metal complexant that may enhance the transport of radionuclides to the biosphere. This study showed that irradiation with 1 MGy of γ-radiation under hyperalkaline conditions enhanced the rate of ISA production from the alkali hydrolysis of cellulose, indicating that radionuclide mobilisation to the biosphere may occur faster than previously anticipated. However, irradiation also made the cellulose fibres more available for microbial degradation and fermentation of the degradation products, producing acidity that inhibited ISA production via alkali hydrolysis. The production of hydrogen gas as a fermentation product was noted, and this was associated with a substantial increase in the relative abundance of hydrogen-oxidising bacteria. Taken together, these results expand our conceptual understanding of the mechanisms involved in ISA production, accumulation and biodegradation in a biogeochemically active cementitious GDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji M Bassil
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Joe S Small
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Birchwood Park, Warrington WA3 6AE, UK
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Berchem T, Schmetz Q, Lepage T, Richel A. Single and Mixed Feedstocks Biorefining: Comparison of Primary Metabolites Recovery and Lignin Recombination During an Alkaline Process. Front Chem 2020; 8:479. [PMID: 32582644 PMCID: PMC7292014 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sp. and Euphorbia sp. are potential candidates as indoor culture for the extraction of their high value-added metabolites for pharmaceutical applications. Both residual lignocellulosic materials recovered after extraction are studied in the present article as single or mixed feedstocks for a closed-loop bioprocesses cascade. An alkaline process (NaOH 3%, 30 min 160°C) is performed to separate the studied biomasses into their main components: lignin and cellulose. Results highlight the advantages of the multi-feedstocks approach over the single biomass in term of lignin yield and purity. Since the structural characteristics of lignin affect the potential applications, a particular attention is drawn on the comprehension of lignin structure alteration and the possible interaction between them during single or mixed feedstocks treatment. FTIR and 2D-NMR spectra revealed similar profiles in term of chemical functions and structure rather than novel chemical bonds formation inexistent in the original biomasses. In addition, thermal properties and molecular mass distribution are conserved whether hemp or euphorbia are single treated or in combination. A second treatment was applied to investigate the effect of prolonged treatment on extracted lignins and the possible interactions. Aggregation, resulting in higher molecular mass, is observed whatever the feedstocks combination. However, mixing biomass does not affect chemical structures of the end product. Therefore, our paper suggests the possibility of gathering lignocellulosic residues during alkali process for lignin extraction and valorization, allowing to forecast lignin structure and make assumptions regarding potential valorization pathway.
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48
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Thoresen PP, Matsakas L, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Recent advances in organosolv fractionation: Towards biomass fractionation technology of the future. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123189. [PMID: 32220471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organosolv treatment is among the most promising strategies for valorising lignocellulosic biomass and could facilitate the transition towards enhanced utilization of renewable feedstocks. However, issues such as inefficient solvent recycle and fractionation has to be overcome. The present review aims to address these issues and discuss the role of the components present during organosolv treatment and their influence on the overall process. Thus, the review focuses not only on how the choice of solvent and catalyst affects lignocellulosic fractionation, but also on how the choice of treatment liquor influences the possibility for solvent recycling and product isolation. Several organic solvents have been investigated in combination with water and acid/base catalysts; however, the lack of a holistic approach often compromises the performance of the different operational units. Thus, an economically viable organosolv process should optimize biomass fractionation, product isolation, and solvent recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
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Titubante M, Giannini F, Pasqualucci A, Romani M, Verona-Rinati G, Mazzuca C, Micheli L. Towards a non-invasive approach for the characterization of Arabic/Christian manuscripts. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Fearon O, Nykänen V, Kuitunen S, Ruuttunen K, Alén R, Alopaeus V, Vuorinen T. Detailed modeling of the kraft pulping chemistry: carbohydrate reactions. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Fearon
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto University, School of Chemical Engineering Aalto Finland
| | - Vesa Nykänen
- Laboratory of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | | | - Kyösti Ruuttunen
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto University, School of Chemical Engineering Aalto Finland
| | - Raimo Alén
- Laboratory of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Ville Alopaeus
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringAalto University, School of Chemical Engineering Aalto Finland
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto University, School of Chemical Engineering Aalto Finland
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