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Wang F, Travins J, Lin Z, Si Y, Chen Y, Powe J, Murray S, Zhu D, Artin E, Gross S, Santiago S, Steadman M, Kernytsky A, Straley K, Lu C, Pop A, Struys EA, Jansen EEW, Salomons GS, David MD, Quivoron C, Penard-Lacronique V, Regan KS, Liu W, Dang L, Yang H, Silverman L, Agresta S, Dorsch M, Biller S, Yen K, Cang Y, Su SSM, Jin S. A small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH2 rescues cardiomyopathy in a D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type II mouse model. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:807-820. [PMID: 27469509 PMCID: PMC5065612 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2HGA) type II is a rare neurometabolic disorder caused by germline gain-of-function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), resulting in accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). Patients exhibit a wide spectrum of symptoms including cardiomyopathy, epilepsy, developmental delay and limited life span. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic interventions. We generated a D2HGA type II mouse model by introducing the Idh2R140Q mutation at the native chromosomal locus. Idh2R140Q mice displayed significantly elevated 2HG levels and recapitulated multiple defects seen in patients. AGI-026, a potent, selective inhibitor of the human IDH2R140Q-mutant enzyme, suppressed 2HG production, rescued cardiomyopathy, and provided a survival benefit in Idh2R140Q mice; treatment withdrawal resulted in deterioration of cardiac function. We observed differential expression of multiple genes and metabolites that are associated with cardiomyopathy, which were largely reversed by AGI-026. These findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefit of an IDH2R140Q inhibitor in patients with D2HGA type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Jeremy Travins
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Zhizhong Lin
- Oncology Business Unit, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaguang Si
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Josh Powe
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Stuart Murray
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Erin Artin
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Stefan Gross
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Stephanie Santiago
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Mya Steadman
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Andrew Kernytsky
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Kimberly Straley
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Chenming Lu
- Oncology Business Unit, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Ana Pop
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center/ Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard A Struys
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center/ Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin E W Jansen
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center/ Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center/ Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel D David
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1170, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cyril Quivoron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1170, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Penard-Lacronique
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1170, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Karen S Regan
- Regan Pathology/Toxicology Services, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Lenny Dang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Lee Silverman
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Samuel Agresta
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Marion Dorsch
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Scott Biller
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Katharine Yen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Yong Cang
- Oncology Business Unit, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Shin-San Michael Su
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | - Shengfang Jin
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA.
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Akbay EA, Moslehi J, Christensen CL, Saha S, Tchaicha JH, Ramkissoon SH, Stewart KM, Carretero J, Kikuchi E, Zhang H, Cohoon TJ, Murray S, Liu W, Uno K, Fisch S, Jones K, Gurumurthy S, Gliser C, Choe S, Keenan M, Son J, Stanley I, Losman JA, Padera R, Bronson RT, Asara JM, Abdel-Wahab O, Amrein PC, Fathi AT, Danial NN, Kimmelman AC, Kung AL, Ligon KL, Yen KE, Kaelin WG, Bardeesy N, Wong KK. D-2-hydroxyglutarate produced by mutant IDH2 causes cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration in mice. Genes Dev 2014; 28:479-90. [PMID: 24589777 PMCID: PMC3950345 DOI: 10.1101/gad.231233.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) have been discovered in several cancers, and these mutant enzymes exhibit neomorphic activity resulting in production of D2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2HG). Akbay et al. find that adult transgenic mice with conditionally activated IDH2R140Q and IDH2R172K alleles exhibit dilated cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. These phenotypes were even more pronounced in embryos. Cardiac hypertrophy was also observed in nude mice implanted with IDH2R140Q-expressing xenografts. Silencing of IDH2R140Q in mice with an inducible transgene restored heart function by lowering 2HG levels. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) have been discovered in several cancer types and cause the neurometabolic syndrome D2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2HGA). The mutant enzymes exhibit neomorphic activity resulting in production of D2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2HG). To study the pathophysiological consequences of the accumulation of D-2HG, we generated transgenic mice with conditionally activated IDH2R140Q and IDH2R172K alleles. Global induction of mutant IDH2 expression in adults resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy, white matter abnormalities throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and muscular dystrophy. Embryonic activation of mutant IDH2 resulted in more pronounced phenotypes, including runting, hydrocephalus, and shortened life span, recapitulating the abnormalities observed in D2HGA patients. The diseased hearts exhibited mitochondrial damage and glycogen accumulation with a concordant up-regulation of genes involved in glycogen biosynthesis. Notably, mild cardiac hypertrophy was also observed in nude mice implanted with IDH2R140Q-expressing xenografts, suggesting that 2HG may potentially act in a paracrine fashion. Finally, we show that silencing of IDH2R140Q in mice with an inducible transgene restores heart function by lowering 2HG levels. Together, these findings indicate that inhibitors of mutant IDH2 may be beneficial in the treatment of D2HGA and suggest that 2HG produced by IDH mutant tumors has the potential to provoke a paraneoplastic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra A Akbay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Marin TM, Keith K, Davies B, Conner DA, Guha P, Kalaitzidis D, Wu X, Lauriol J, Wang B, Bauer M, Bronson R, Franchini KG, Neel BG, Kontaridis MI. Rapamycin reverses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of LEOPARD syndrome-associated PTPN11 mutation. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1026-43. [PMID: 21339643 DOI: 10.1172/jci44972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LEOPARD syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant "RASopathy" that manifests with congenital heart disease. Nearly all cases of LS are caused by catalytically inactivating mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) gene that encodes the SH2 domain-containing PTP-2 (SHP2). RASopathies typically affect components of the RAS/MAPK pathway, yet it remains unclear how PTPN11 mutations alter cellular signaling to produce LS phenotypes. We therefore generated knockin mice harboring the Ptpn11 mutation Y279C, one of the most common LS alleles. Ptpn11(Y279C/+) (LS/+) mice recapitulated the human disorder, with short stature, craniofacial dysmorphia, and morphologic, histologic, echocardiographic, and molecular evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Heart and/or cardiomyocyte lysates from LS/+ mice showed enhanced binding of Shp2 to Irs1, decreased Shp2 catalytic activity, and abrogated agonist-evoked Erk/Mapk signaling. LS/+ mice also exhibited increased basal and agonist-induced Akt and mTor activity. The cardiac defects in LS/+ mice were completely reversed by treatment with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR. Our results demonstrate that LS mutations have dominant-negative effects in vivo, identify enhanced mTOR activity as critical for causing LS-associated HCM, and suggest that TOR inhibitors be considered for treatment of HCM in LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita M Marin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Khositseth A, Tocharoentanaphol C, Khowsathit P, Ruangdaraganon N. Chromosome 22q11 deletions in patients with conotruncal heart defects. Pediatr Cardiol 2005; 26:570-3. [PMID: 16132309 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-004-0775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We performed this study to determine the frequency of 22q11 deletions and associated phenotypic features and abnormalities in conotruncal heart defects. Sixty-one patients with conotruncal heart defects, including tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; n = 32), pulmonary atresia/ventricular septal defect (PAVSD; n = 12), double-outlet right ventricle (DORV; n = 5), transposition of the great arteries (TGA; n = 4 ), truncus arteriosus (TA; n = 4), subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (SPVSD; n = 3), and interrupted aortic arch (IAA; n = 1), were enrolled in this study and screened for 22q11 deletions by the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. Phenotypic features and associated abnormalities, including submucosal cleft palate, abnormal facies, square nose, nasal voice, abnormal ears, long and slender fingers, delayed development, mental retardation, delayed growth, short stature, and hypocalcemia, were examined in these patients. Nine of 61 patients (14.8%) had 22q11 deletions, including 100% of IAA, 50% of TA, 33.3% of SPVSD, 33.3% of PAVSD, and 3.1% of TOF. Deletions were not detected in DORV and TGA. In all patients with 22q11 deletions, > or =1 phenotypic features or associated abnormalities were observed. A subgroup of patients with IAA, TA, SPVSD, and PAVSD associated with phenotypic features or abnormalities warrants evaluation for the presence of 22q11 deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khositseth
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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