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Inoue S, Li WY, Tseng A, Beerman I, Elia AJ, Bendall SC, Lemonnier F, Kron KJ, Cescon DW, Hao Z, Lind EF, Takayama N, Planello AC, Shen SY, Shih AH, Larsen DM, Li Q, Snow BE, Wakeham A, Haight J, Gorrini C, Bassi C, Thu KL, Murakami K, Elford AR, Ueda T, Straley K, Yen KE, Melino G, Cimmino L, Aifantis I, Levine RL, De Carvalho DD, Lupien M, Rossi DJ, Nolan GP, Cairns RA, Mak TW. Mutant IDH1 Downregulates ATM and Alters DNA Repair and Sensitivity to DNA Damage Independent of TET2. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:337-348. [PMID: 27424808 PMCID: PMC5022794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 gene (IDH1) are common drivers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but their mechanism is not fully understood. It is thought that IDH1 mutants act by inhibiting TET2 to alter DNA methylation, but there are significant unexplained clinical differences between IDH1- and TET2-mutant diseases. We have discovered that mice expressing endogenous mutant IDH1 have reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in contrast to Tet2 knockout (TET2-KO) mice. Mutant IDH1 downregulates the DNA damage (DD) sensor ATM by altering histone methylation, leading to impaired DNA repair, increased sensitivity to DD, and reduced HSC self-renewal, independent of TET2. ATM expression is also decreased in human IDH1-mutated AML. These findings may have implications for treatment of IDH-mutant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Wanda Y Li
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alan Tseng
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 00133, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrew J Elia
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - François Lemonnier
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ken J Kron
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Evan F Lind
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Naoya Takayama
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aline C Planello
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Shu Yi Shen
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alan H Shih
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Qinxi Li
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bryan E Snow
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jillian Haight
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Chiara Gorrini
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christian Bassi
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kiichi Murakami
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alisha R Elford
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Takeshi Ueda
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Disease Model Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 00133, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- The Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rob A Cairns
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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8
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de la Fuente MI, Young RJ, Rubel J, Rosenblum M, Tisnado J, Briggs S, Arevalo-Perez J, Cross JR, Campos C, Straley K, Zhu D, Dong C, Thomas A, Omuro AA, Nolan CP, Pentsova E, Kaley TJ, Oh JH, Noeske R, Maher E, Choi C, Gutin PH, Holodny AI, Yen K, DeAngelis LM, Mellinghoff IK, Thakur SB. Integration of 2-hydroxyglutarate-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy into clinical practice for disease monitoring in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:283-90. [PMID: 26691210 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of WHO grades II and III gliomas harbor a missense mutation in the metabolic gene isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and accumulate the metabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG). Prior studies showed that this metabolite can be detected in vivo using proton magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (MRS), but the sensitivity of this methodology and its clinical implications are unknown. METHODS We developed an MR imaging protocol to integrate 2HG-MRS into routine clinical glioma imaging and examined its performance in 89 consecutive glioma patients. RESULTS Detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in IDH-mutant gliomas was closely linked to tumor volume, with sensitivity ranging from 8% for small tumors (<3.4 mL) to 91% for larger tumors (>8 mL). In patients undergoing 2HG-MRS prior to surgery, tumor levels of 2HG corresponded with tumor cellularity but not with tumor grade or mitotic index. Cytoreductive therapy resulted in a gradual decrease in 2HG levels with kinetics that closely mirrored changes in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that 2HG-MRS can be linked with routine MR imaging to provide quantitative measurements of 2HG in glioma and may be useful as an imaging biomarker to monitor the abundance of IDH-mutant tumor cells noninvasively during glioma therapy and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena I de la Fuente
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Robert J Young
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jennifer Rubel
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jamie Tisnado
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Samuel Briggs
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Julio Arevalo-Perez
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Justin R Cross
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Carl Campos
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Kimberly Straley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Alissa Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Antonio A Omuro
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Craig P Nolan
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Elena Pentsova
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Thomas J Kaley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jung H Oh
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Ralph Noeske
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Maher
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Changho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Philip H Gutin
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Andrei I Holodny
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Katharine Yen
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Sunitha B Thakur
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
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