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Jang AY, Choi J, Rod-In W, Choi KY, Lee DH, Park WJ. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Protective Effects of Codium fragile Extract on Macrophages and Human Keratinocytes in Atopic Dermatitis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:940-948. [PMID: 38314445 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Codium fragile has been traditionally used in oriental medicine to treat enterobiasis, dropsy, and dysuria, and it has been shown to possess many biological properties. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the types of skin inflammation and barrier disruption, which leads to chronic inflammatory skin diseases. In the current investigation, the protective effects of C. fragile extract (CFE) on anti-inflammation and skin barrier improvement were investigated. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, nitric oxide generation and the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α were reduced by CFE. CFE also inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65, ERK, p-38, and JNK. Additionally, CFE showed inhibitory activity on TSLP and IL-4 expression in HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-α/interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Enhanced expression of factors related to skin barrier function, FLG, IVL, and LOR, was confirmed. These findings implied that CFE may be used as a therapeutic agent against AD due to its skin barrier-strengthening and anti-inflammatory activities, which are derived from natural marine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Yeong Jang
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongUn Choi
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-In
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
- Nbios Inc., Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
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Vichare R, Crelli C, Liu L, Das AC, McCallin R, Zor F, Kulahci Y, Gorantla VS, Janjic JM. A Reversibly Thermoresponsive, Theranostic Nanoemulgel for Tacrolimus Delivery to Activated Macrophages: Formulation and In Vitro Validation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2372. [PMID: 37896130 PMCID: PMC10610217 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite long-term immunosuppression, organ transplant recipients face the risk of immune rejection and graft loss. Tacrolimus (TAC, FK506, Prograf®) is an FDA-approved keystone immunosuppressant for preventing transplant rejection. However, it undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism and has a narrow therapeutic window, which leads to erratic bioavailability and toxicity. Local delivery of TAC directly into the graft, instead of systemic delivery, can improve safety, efficacy, and tolerability. Macrophages have emerged as promising therapeutic targets as their increased levels correlate with an increased risk of organ rejection and a poor prognosis post-transplantation. Here, we present a locally injectable drug delivery platform for macrophages, where TAC is incorporated into a colloidally stable nanoemulsion and then formulated as a reversibly thermoresponsive, pluronic-based nanoemulgel (NEG). This novel formulation is designed to undergo a sol-to-gel transition at physiological temperature to sustain TAC release in situ at the site of local application. We also show that TAC-NEG mitigates the release of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first TAC-loaded nanoemulgel with demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Vichare
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (R.V.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Caitlin Crelli
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (R.V.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (R.V.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Amit Chandra Das
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (R.V.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Rebecca McCallin
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (R.V.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Fatih Zor
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (F.Z.); (Y.K.); (V.S.G.)
| | - Yalcin Kulahci
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (F.Z.); (Y.K.); (V.S.G.)
| | - Vijay S. Gorantla
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA; (F.Z.); (Y.K.); (V.S.G.)
| | - Jelena M. Janjic
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (R.V.); (C.C.); (L.L.); (A.C.D.); (R.M.)
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Deng L, Wu L, Gao R, Xu X, Chen C, Liu J. Non-Opioid Anesthetics Addiction: A Review of Current Situation and Mechanism. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1259. [PMID: 37759860 PMCID: PMC10526861 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is one of the major worldwide health problems, which will have serious adverse consequences on human health and significantly burden the social economy and public health. Drug abuse is more common in anesthesiologists than in the general population because of their easier access to controlled substances. Although opioids have been generally considered the most commonly abused drugs among anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists, the abuse of non-opioid anesthetics has been increasingly severe in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical situation and potential molecular mechanisms of non-opioid anesthetics addiction. This review incorporates the clinical and biomolecular evidence supporting the abuse potential of non-opioid anesthetics and the foreseeable mechanism causing the non-opioid anesthetics addiction phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of its pathogenesis and helping to find effective preventive and curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.D.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (X.X.); (J.L.)
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Colyer-Patel K, Kuhns L, Weidema A, Lesscher H, Cousijn J. Age-dependent effects of tobacco smoke and nicotine on cognition and the brain: A systematic review of the human and animal literature comparing adolescents and adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105038. [PMID: 36627063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is often initiated during adolescence and an earlier age of onset is associated with worse health outcomes later in life. Paradoxically, the transition towards adulthood also marks the potential for recovery, as the majority of adolescents are able to quit smoking when adulthood emerges. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence from both human and animal studies for the differential impact of adolescent versus adult repeated and long-term tobacco and nicotine exposure on cognitive and brain outcomes. The limited human studies and more extensive yet heterogeneous animal studies, provide preliminary evidence of heightened fear learning, anxiety-related behaviour, reward processing, nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors expression, dopamine expression and serotonin functioning after adolescent compared to adult exposure. Effects of nicotine or tobacco use on impulsivity were comparable across age groups. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying adolescents' vulnerability to tobacco and nicotine. Future research is needed to translate animal to human findings, with a focus on directly linking a broader spectrum of brain and behavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis Colyer-Patel
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lauren Kuhns
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alix Weidema
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lesscher
- Department Population Health Sciences, Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bielecka-Papierz G, Serefko A, Szopa A, Talarek S, Wróbel A, Szewczyk B, Radziwoń-Zaleska M, Kołtun-Jasion M, Poleszak E. The role of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP-dependent pathway in the development of sensitization to mephedrone effects on the locomotor activity in mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114103. [PMID: 36089098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mephedrone, a popular psychostimulating substance widely used illegally in recreational purposes, exerts in rodents that regularly and intermittently were exposed to it a sensitized response to the drug. Behavioral sensitization is one of experimental models of drug dependency/abuse liability. In the present study we evaluated a potential involvement of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the development of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. Locomotor activity was measured automatically and experiments were performed on male Albino Swiss mice. We demonstrated that a 5-day administration of 7-nitroindazole (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) and L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) suppressed the development of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. As for L-arginine (125 or 250 mg/kg/day) and methylene blue (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) the obtained outcomes are inconclusive. Furthermore, the lower dose of L-NAME (25 mg/kg/day) surprisingly potentiated the development of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced effects on the spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that modulators of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway may differently affect the development of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of mephedrone. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) seems to prevent this process quite profoundly, non-selective inhibition of NOS may have a dual effect, whereas inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase may only partially suppress the development of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bielecka-Papierz
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Serefko
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Radziwoń-Zaleska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Nowowiejska Street, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Xue TT, Yang YG, Tang ZS, Duan JA, Song ZX, Hu XH, Yang HD, Xu HB. Evaluation of antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, nitric oxide production inhibitory activities and chemical profiles of the active extracts from the medicinal and edible plant: Althaea officinalis. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111166. [PMID: 35651032 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To develop the medicinal and edible plant resources of Althaea officinalis Linn in Europe and other places, this study concentrated on the bioactive ingredients of its different extracts. The phytochemical compositions of MeOH extracts were evaluated by UPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF-MSn analysis. The in vitro antioxidant properties, enzymes inhibitory effects and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activities of fractions obtained from the aerial parts of Althaea officinalis (APAO) were evaluated. The results identified 76 compounds, including 8 phenolic acids, 17 flavonoids, 6 coumarins, 9 triterpenes and 11 alkaloids. Fr. C-2 of APAO was found to have the highest TPC (175.8 ± 1.5 mg GAE/g) and TFC (466.9 ± 5.0 mg RE/g) with the highest antioxidant capacity in DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP and β-carotene bleaching assays. Fr. A showed noticeable inhibition of α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 3.8 ± 0.1 μg/mL. However, Fr. B displayed stronger inhibitory activity on 5-lipoxygenase than quercetin, with the IC50 value of 8.4 ± 1.6 μg/mL. In addition, Fr. B also possessed potent inhibitory activities on NO production toward LPS-activated RAW 264.7 Cells with an IC50 value of 15.7 ± 1.6 μg/mL. Our findings suggest that different Althaea officinalis extracts may be considered sources of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with high potential as natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents and blood sugar regulators. In addition, they can also be used in food and nutraceutical products with enhanced bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Xue
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Yuan-Gui Yang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhong-Xing Song
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Hu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Hao-Dong Yang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Xu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China.
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Yunusoğlu O. Evaluation of the effects of quercetin on the rewarding property of ethanol in mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136383. [PMID: 34864087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flavonoid quercetin has several pharmacological effects on the nervous system. Previous research showed that quercetin has useful influences on some mechanisms that are relevant in drug and substance addiction. Alcohol addiction, also known as alcoholism, is a disorder that influences the population in all walks of life. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether quercetin affects the acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (ethanol-CPP) in adolescent mice. METHODS CPP was established by administration of intraperitoneal (i.p.) ethanol (2.0 g/kg) in a conditioning trial. The mice were pretreated with quercetin (at doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before each ethanol injection to test the effects of quercetin on the reward properties of ethanol. Ethanol-CPP was extinguished (13-days) by repeated testing, during which conditioned mice were given different doses of quercetin every day. Lastly, efficacy of quercetin in preventing reinstatement of ethanol-CPP triggers was also assessed by the administration of single dose ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.). RESULTS Quercetin pretreatment attenuated the acquisition and reinstatement. In addition, quercetin administration accelerated the extinction of ethanol-CPP. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results may cast a novel light on quercetin as an agent that could be potentially useful to attenuate different effects of ethanol and as adjuvant pharmacotherapy for ethanol addiction. However, future studies are needed to demonstrate the detailed underlying mechanisms of quercetin on ethanol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, 14030 Bolu, Turkey.
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Yunusoğlu O. Resveratrol impairs acquisition, reinstatement and precipitates extinction of alcohol-induced place preference in mice. Neurol Res 2021; 43:985-994. [PMID: 34210247 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1948749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol abuse causes several neurological disorders. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that occurs as a phytoalexin. In different studies, it has been investigated that resveratrol has positive effects on various mechanisms that are important in drug addiction or substance use disorder. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. METHODS CPP was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of ethanol (2 g/kg) in an 8-day conditioning program. The influence of reference drug, acamprosate and resveratrol on the rewarding properties of ethanol was tested in mice given treatment of acamprosate (300 mg/kg, i.p.) and resveratrol (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes prior to ethanol administration. Once established, CPP was extinguished by repeated testing, through which conditioned mice were administered acamprosate, various doses of resveratrol or saline daily. Subsequently, the potency of acamprosate and resveratrol in preventing reinstatement of CPP provoked by priming with low-dose ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.) was also evaluated. RESULTS The present findings confirm that resveratrol impairs acquisition, reinstatement and precipitates the extinction of preference for alcohol-induced CPP. Resveratrol presented a similar effect in the CPP phases to the acamprosate. CONCLUSIONS The effect of resveratrol on ethanol-induced CPP in mice demonstrated for the first time. As a conclusion, these findings may shed light on the fact that resveratrol can be utilized as an agent which is potentially beneficial to prevent the various harmful effects of ethanol, however, more research is needed to completely elucidate this attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Ruan QF, Pan WC, Zhao M, Tang YQ, Chen XJ, Bai JY, Jin J, Cui H, Zhao ZX. Butyrolactone and sesquiterpene derivatives as inhibitors of iNOS from the roots of Lindera glauca. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104871. [PMID: 33839581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nine previously undescribed butyrolactone and sesquiterpene derivatives, named cyclopentanone A (1), subamolides F and G (2 and 3), secosubamolide F (4), rupestonic acids J - L (5-7), linderaguaianols A and B (8 and 9), together with six known ones 10-15 were isolated from the roots of Lindera glauca. Their structures, including their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, and Mo2(AcO)4-induced circular dichroism. Compound 1 that possessed a unique five-membered cyclopentane skeleton with a side chain was rarely found from natural sources. The biogenetic pathway for 1-4 was postulated. Secosubamolide F (4) inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 1.73 ± 0.18 μM and also significantly suppressed the production of iNOS. The binding interactions between 4 and iNOS were investigated using docking analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Feng Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Cong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Qian Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Yan Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhong-Xiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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10
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Uskur T, Şenöz AÖ, Çevreli B, Barlas A, Uzbay T. Propofol but not dexmedetomidine produce locomotor sensitization via nitric oxide in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:569-577. [PMID: 33169201 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The abused potential of some anesthetics has been debated. Measurement of locomotor sensitization is a better way to detect the neurobehavioral plasticity of addiction. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to explore whether propofol and dexmedetomidine are capable of inducing locomotor sensitization. METHODS Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were the subjects (n = 8 for each group). Propofol (20 and 40 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (2.5-20 μg/kg) or saline were injected to rats intraperitoneally (IP), and their locomotor activities were recorded for 15 min. Consequently, L-NAME (30 and 60 mg/kg)-a nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory agent-was injected to rats 30 min before propofol (40 mg/kg) or saline injections, and the locomotor activity was recorded. The process was carried out for 13 days, with 7 sessions applied every other day. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine did not produce any significant locomotor sensitization. While propofol (20 mg/kg) produced a significant locomotor sensitization in the last treatment session (day 13), at the higher dose, it prompted a significant locomotor sensitization from the 3rd treatment session. L-NAME blocked propofol-induced locomotor hyperactivity and sensitization significantly without producing any noteworthy changes on the locomotor activity during the testing period of 13 days when administered alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that propofol but not dexmedetomidine produced a significant locomotor sensitization via central nitrergic system. Dexmedetomidine may have a lesser psychostimulant type addictive potential than propofol. Sensitization development by propofol implies that this drug might be effective on the neuroadaptive processes associated with a stimulant type of dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Uskur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özçetin Şenöz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPFUAM), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çevreli
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPFUAM), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydın Barlas
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Altınbaş University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPFUAM), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Xu HB, Yang TH, Xie P, Tang ZS, Xu HL, Deng C, Liang YN, Zhou R, Liu SJ, Zhang Y. Cyperane-Type and Related (Nor)Sesquiterpenoids from the Root Bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1453-1460. [PMID: 32319765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An enantiomeric pair of rare cyperane-type sesquiterpenoids, (+)- and (-)-gracilistones C (1a, 1b), together with a novel norsesquiterpenoid, gracilistone D (2), bearing a bicyclic lactone system were isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus using LC-MS-IT-TOF analyses. The structures and absolute configurations of 1a, 1b, and 2 were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ECD spectroscopic methods. Intermediate 1b suggests a possible biosynthesis process involving compound 2. The bioassay results showed that compounds 1a, 1b, and 2 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 7.7 ± 0.6, 6.8 ± 1.5, and 2.6 ± 0.4 μM, respectively. Additional docking analyses provided some perspective of this activity in human inducible nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Xu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xie
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Li Xu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Deng
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ni Liang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jun Liu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, People's Republic of China
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12
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11th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 7th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1608692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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13
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Artur de la Villarmois E, Pérez MF. Cognitive interference as a possible therapeutic strategy to prevent expression of benzodiazepine withdrawal. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3843-3854. [PMID: 31299121 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are usually prescribed for anxiety and sleep disorders in long-term schedules that may cause drug dependence. Discontinuation after prolonged administration may lead to withdrawal expression, being anxiety the most predominant sign. The context-dependent associative learning process that underlies diazepam dependence can be interfered by pre-exposure to the drug administration context, an effect known as latent inhibition. Considering this background, the primary aim of the present investigation is to develop a therapeutic strategy to prevent diazepam withdrawal in male Wistar rats by interfering with this learning process. Nitric oxide is a crucial player in learning and memory, hippocampal synaptic transmission and in diazepam withdrawal. Then, a secondary goal is to determine how latent inhibition could alter functional plasticity and neuronal nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS-1) expression within the hippocampus, by using multi-unitary cell recordings and Western blot, respectively. Our results indicate that chronic diazepam treated animals under latent inhibition did not show anxiety, or changes in hippocampal synaptic transmission, but a significant reduction in NOS-1 expression was observed. Accordingly, pharmacological NOS-1 inhibition resembles behavioral and electrophysiological changes induced by latent inhibition. Contrary, diazepam treated animals under Control protocol expressed anxiety and evidenced an increased hippocampal-plasticity, without alterations in NOS-1 expression. In conclusion, manipulation of the contextual cues presented during diazepam administration may be considered as an effective non-pharmacological tool to prevent the withdrawal syndrome. This behavioral strategy may influence hippocampal synaptic transmission, probably by alterations in nitric oxide signaling pathways in this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilce Artur de la Villarmois
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, IFEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela Fernanda Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, IFEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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14
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Andrés-Guerrero V, García-Feijoo J. Nitric oxide-donating compounds for IOP lowering in glaucoma. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2018; 93:290-299. [PMID: 29580758 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the main risk factor for progression of glaucoma upon which we can efficiently act. Pharmacological strategies to reduce IOP are directed towards the reduction of aqueous humour (AH) production and/or the increase in AH drainage through the uveoscleral pathway. However, there are no drugs currently available as first-line treatment to increase AH outflow primarily via the conventional route. Ocular nitric oxide (NO) production takes place in AH outflow pathways and in the ciliary muscle, modulating the cellular response to elevated IOP. METHODS This review describes the mechanism of action of endogenous NO and NO-donating compounds that are under research. It includes information regarding pre-clinical and clinical studies previously conducted with these compounds, discussing their role and therapeutic potential in the pharmacological treatment of ocular hypertension in glaucoma. RESULTS The topical ocular administration of NO-donating compounds significantly lowered IOP and maintained it in animal models of glaucoma and subjects with ocular hypertension. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of action of these compounds is novel and scientific evidence that shows promising results. However, there is a need for more comprehensive studies to assess long-term safety and tolerability in order to properly evaluate their use in chronic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Andrés-Guerrero
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Red de Enfermedades Oculares OftaRed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
| | - J García-Feijoo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Red de Enfermedades Oculares OftaRed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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15
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Shahzadi A, Uskur T, Akkan AG, Çevreli B, Uzbay T. Effects of propofol on conditioned place preference in male rats: Involvement of nitrergic system. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 44:167-174. [PMID: 28750179 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1344681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) is linked to the addictive properties of the drug used. The number of studies that have investigated the effects of propofol on CPP is limited. Research findings suggest that nitric oxide (NO) might play an important role in substance use disorders. OBJECTIVES The present study sought to investigate the role of the nitrergic system on the rewarding effects of propofol by using the CPP protocol in rats. METHODS The experiment followed habituation, pre-conditioning, conditioning, and post conditioning sessions. Male Wistar albino rats weighing 240-290 g were divided into eight groups: control (saline), propofol (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) alone (30 and 60 mg/kg), and in combination with propofol (30 and 60 mg/kg L-NAME plus 40 mg/kg propofol) (n = 8 for each group). The CPP effects of propofol, L-NAME, saline, and their combinations were evaluated. All the drug and saline administrations were performed by intraperitoneal (ip) injections. RESULTS Propofol (10-40 mg/kg) produced CPP that was statistically significant relative to saline. Propofol-induced CPP was significantly reversed by pretreatment with L-NAME. When administered alone, L-NAME did not produce CPP and also did not produce any significant change on locomotor activity of naïve rats. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that propofol produces CPP effects in rats and that NO-related mechanisms may be responsible for propofol-induced CPP. Thus, propofol might have the potential to be addictive, and this possibility should be considered during clinical applications of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Shahzadi
- a Institute of Health Science, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Uskur
- a Institute of Health Science, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - A Gökhan Akkan
- a Institute of Health Science, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Burcu Çevreli
- b Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC) , Üsküdar University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- b Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPARC) , Üsküdar University , Istanbul , Turkey
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16
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Talarek S, Listos J, Orzelska-Gorka J, Jakobczuk M, Kotlinska J, Biala G. The Importance of L-Arginine:NO:cGMP Pathway in Tolerance to Flunitrazepam in Mice. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:309-316. [PMID: 27957675 PMCID: PMC5236083 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of drugs modifying l-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway on the development of tolerance to flunitrazepam (FNZ)-induced motor impairment in mice. FNZ-induced motor incoordination was assessed on the 1st and 8th days of experiment, using the rotarod and chimney tests. It was found that (a) both a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor: NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and an unselective neuronal NOS inhibitor: 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) inhibited the development of tolerance to the motor-impairing effects of FNZ in the rotarod and the chimney tests and (b) both a NO precursor: l-arginine and a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5): sildenafil did not affect the development of tolerance to FNZ-induced motor impairment in mice. Those findings provided behavioural evidence that NO could contribute an important role in the development of tolerance to FNZ in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Talarek
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Listos
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Orzelska-Gorka
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Jakobczuk
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kotlinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grazyna Biala
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Caffeine plus nicotine improves motor function, spatial and non-spatial working memory and functional indices in BALB/c male mice. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:251-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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18
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Lou LL, Li LG, Liu QB, Li DQ, Liu ZX, Huang XX, Song SJ. 3, 3'-Neolignans from Pithecellobium clypearia Benth and their anti-inflammatory activity. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:16-21. [PMID: 27131601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Lou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lin-Guang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dan-Qi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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19
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Yilmaz ED, Üstündağ MF, Gençer AG, Kivrak Y, Ünal Ö, Bilici M. Levels of nitric oxide, asymmetric dimethyl arginine, symmetric dimethyl arginine,and L-arginine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:775-82. [PMID: 27513255 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1503-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We aimed to investigate and compare to healthy controls the variations in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA), and L-arginine levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 30 patients with OCD and 30 healthy controls in the study consecutively. Diagnostic interviews of all participants were conducted with the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and sociodemographic data of the participants were recorded. Patients scoring 10 points or more on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale were enrolled in the study. RESULTS The NO levels of patients with OCD were increased compared to the control group, but the increase was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, patients with OCD had significantly lower levels of ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine compared with the controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found a significant decrease in ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine as NO inhibitors between the groups, possibly because of an increase in NO. However, the insignificant increase in NO suggests that ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine play direct and potentially important roles in OCD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Görkem Gençer
- Department of Psychiatry, Başakşehir State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Kivrak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Özge Ünal
- Education, Health Care and Counseling, PersonaLogia Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bilici
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Gelişim University, İstanbul, Turkey
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20
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Yin H, Watkins LR. Pharmacological characterization of the opioid inactive isomers (+)-naltrexone and (+)-naloxone as antagonists of toll-like receptor 4. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:856-69. [PMID: 26603732 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The toll-like receptor TLR4 is involved in neuropathic pain and in drug reward and reinforcement. The opioid inactive isomers (+)-naltrexone and (+)-naloxone act as TLR4 antagonists, reversing neuropathic pain and reducing opioid and cocaine reward and reinforcement. However, how these agents modulate TLR4 signalling is not clear. Here, we have elucidated the molecular mechanism of (+)-naltrexone and (+)-naloxone on TLR4 signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH BV-2 mouse microglial cell line, primary rat microglia and primary rat peritoneal macrophages were treated with LPS and TLR4 signalling inhibitors. Effects were measured using Western blotting, luciferase reporter assays, fluorescence microscopy and ELISA KEY RESULTS: (+)-Naltrexone and (+)-naloxone were equi-potent inhibitors of the LPS-induced TLR4 downstream signalling and induction of the pro-inflammatory factors NO and TNF-α. Similarly, (+)-naltrexone or (+)-naloxone inhibited production of reactive oxygen species and increased microglial phagocytosis, induced by LPS. However, (+)-naltrexone and (+)-naloxone did not directly inhibit the increased production of IL-1β, induced by LPS. The drug interaction of (+)-naloxone and (+)-naltrexone was additive. (+)-Naltrexone or (+)-naloxone inhibited LPS-induced activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and production of IFN-β. However, they did not inhibit TLR4 signalling via the activation of either NF-κB, p38 or JNK in these cellular models. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS (+)-Naltrexone and (+)-naloxone were TRIF-IFN regulatory factor 3 axis-biased TLR4 antagonists. They blocked TLR4 downstream signalling leading to NO, TNF-α and reactive oxygen species. This pattern may explain, at least in part, the in vivo therapeutic effects of (+)-naltrexone and (+)-naloxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Y Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - M R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - K C Rice
- Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - H Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - L R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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21
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Flavonoid glycosides from Rubus chingii Hu fruits display anti-inflammatory activity through suppressing MAPKs activation in macrophages. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Peregud DI, Yakovlev AA, Stepanichev MY, Onufriev MV, Panchenko LF, Gulyaeva NV. Expression of BDNF and TrkB Phosphorylation in the Rat Frontal Cortex During Morphine Withdrawal are NO Dependent. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:839-849. [PMID: 26346883 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) mediates pharmacological effects of opiates including dependence and abstinence. Modulation of NO synthesis during the induction phase of morphine dependence affects manifestations of morphine withdrawal syndrome, though little is known about mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Neurotrophic and growth factors are involved in neuronal adaptation during opiate dependence. NO-dependent modulation of morphine dependence may be mediated by changes in expression and activity of neurotrophic and/or growth factors in the brain. Here, we studied the effects of NO synthesis inhibition during the induction phase of morphine dependence on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as well as their receptors in rat brain regions after spontaneous morphine withdrawal in dependent animals. Morphine dependence in rats was induced within 6 days by 12 injections of morphine in increasing doses (10-100 mg/kg), and NO synthase inhibitor L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg) was given 1 h before each morphine injection. The expression of the BDNF, GDNF, NGF, IGF1, and their receptors in the frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and midbrain was assessed 40 h after morphine withdrawal. L-NAME treatment during morphine intoxication resulted in an aggravation of the spontaneous morphine withdrawal severity. Morphine withdrawal was accompanied by upregulation of BDNF, IGF1, and their receptors TrkB and IGF1R, respectively, on the mRNA level in the frontal cortex, and only BDNF in hippocampus and midbrain. L-NAME administration during morphine intoxication decreased abstinence-induced upregulation of these mRNAs in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and midbrain. L-NAME prevented from abstinence-induced elevation of mature but not pro-form of BDNF polypeptide in the frontal cortex. While morphine abstinence did not affect TrkB protein levels as well as its phosphorylation status, inhibition of NO synthesis decreased levels of phosphorylated TrkB after withdrawal. Thus, NO signaling during induction of dependence may be involved in the mechanisms of BDNF expression and processing at abstinence, thereby affecting signaling through TrkB in the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil I Peregud
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction", of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 119002.,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Alexander A Yakovlev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Mikhail Yu Stepanichev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Mikhail V Onufriev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Leonid F Panchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction", of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 119002.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 125315
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485.
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Selfridge BR, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yin H, Grace PM, Watkins LR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Structure-Activity Relationships of (+)-Naltrexone-Inspired Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Antagonists. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5038-52. [PMID: 26010811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptors has been linked to neuropathic pain and opioid dependence. (+)-Naltrexone acts as a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist and has been shown to reverse neuropathic pain in rat studies. We designed and synthesized compounds based on (+)-naltrexone and (+)-noroxymorphone and evaluated their TLR4 antagonist activities by their effects on inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TLR4 downstream nitric oxide (NO) production in microglia BV-2 cells. Alteration of the N-substituent in (+)-noroxymorphone gave us a potent TLR4 antagonist. The most promising analog, (+)-N-phenethylnoroxymorphone ((4S,4aR,7aS,12bR)-4a,9-dihydroxy-3-phenethyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7(7aH)-one, 1j) showed ∼75 times better TLR-4 antagonist activity than (+)-naltrexone, and the ratio of its cell viability IC50, a measure of its toxicity, to TLR-4 antagonist activity (140 μM/1.4 μM) was among the best of the new analogs. This compound (1j) was active in vivo; it significantly increased and prolonged morphine analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Selfridge
- †Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3373, United States
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- ‡Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,§Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yingning Zhang
- ‡Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hang Yin
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Peter M Grace
- ‡Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Linda R Watkins
- ‡Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Arthur E Jacobson
- †Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3373, United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- †Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3373, United States
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Locomotor stimulation by acute propofol administration in rats: Role of the nitrergic system. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:980-5. [PMID: 26398394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addictive potential of propofol has been scientifically discussed. Drugs' psychostimulant properties that can be assessed via measurements of locomotor activity are linked to their addictive properties. No studies that have investigated the effects of propofol on locomotor activity have been reported to date. The present study sought to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of action of propofol on locomotor activity in rats. METHODS Adult male albino Wistar rats (250-330g) were used as subjects. The locomotor activities of the rats were recorded for 30min immediately following intraperitoneal administration of propofol (20 and 40mg/kg), saline or vehicle (n=8 for each group). NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 15-60mg/kg), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, and haloperidol (0.125-5mg/kg), a non-specific dopamine receptor antagonist, were also administered to other groups of rats 30min prior to the propofol (40mg/kg) injections, and locomotor activity was recorded for 30min immediately after propofol administration (n=8 for each group). RESULTS Propofol produced significant increases in the locomotor activities of the rats in the first 5min of the observation period [F(2,21)=9.052; p<0.001]. l-NAME [F(4,35)=3.112; p=0.02] but not haloperidol [F(4,35)=2.440; p=0.067] pretreatment blocked the propofol-induced locomotor hyperactivity. l-NAME did not cause any significant change in locomotor activity in naïve rats [F(2,21)=0.569; p=0.57]. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that propofol might cause a short-term induction of locomotor activity in rats and that this effect might be related to nitrergic but not dopaminergic mechanisms.
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Ye H, Xie C, Wu W, Xiang M, Liu Z, Li Y, Tang M, Li S, Yang J, Tang H, Chen K, Long C, Peng A, Chen L. Millettia pachycarpa exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of LPS-induced NO/iNOS expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 42:949-65. [PMID: 25004885 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids isolated from Millettia pachycarpa Benth. The seeds of M. pachycarpa Benth were extracted with ethanol and subjected to chromatographic separation for the isolation of bioactive compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by evaluating the inhibition ability of NO production, iNOS activity and iNOS protein expression induced by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro and the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in vivo. Molecular docking simulation was also employed to obtain the binding parameters in the binding pocket of iNOS. Thirteen compounds (1-13) were isolated from Chinese herbal medicine M. pachycarpa Benth. Among them, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (6) and deguelin (7) exhibited remarkable inhibitory rates of 66.5% and 57.7%, respectively, compared with that of 52.5% of indomethacin in LPS-induced macrophages cells. 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (6) with low toxicity (IC50 > 100 μm) exhibited better inhibitory effects to positive control of 1400W on iNOS activity at the concentration of 10 μm. Western blot assay revealed that 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (6) inhibited iNOS protein expression in RAW264.7 cells and molecular docking simulation showed that 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (6) fit well into the binding pocket of iNOS. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, our data revealed that the anti-inflammatory potential of 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (6) at 10 mg/kg showed comparable inhibitory ability to indomethacin at 5 h while a higher concentration of 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (6) at 50 mg/kg showed higher inhibitory activity than indomethacin, which was further confirmed by plasma levels of nitrite. The overall results suggest that 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (6) might be used as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China , Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Dongguan 440100, Guangdong, China
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Santamarta MT, Llorente J, Mendiguren A, Pineda J. Involvement of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in desensitisation of µ-opioid receptors in the rat locus coeruleus. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:903-14. [PMID: 24961237 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114538542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been recently shown to enhance µ-opioid receptor (MOR) desensitisation in locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate by single-unit extracellular recordings in rat brain slices whether the neuronal NO synthase is involved in MOR desensitisation in LC neurons. As expected, a high concentration of the opioid agonist Met(5)-enkephalin (ME; 10 µM, 10 min) strongly desensitised the inhibition induced by a test application of ME (0.8 µM, 1 min), whereas lower ME concentrations (1 and 3 µM) only weakly desensitised it. The neuronal NO synthase inhibitors 7-nitroindazole (10-100 µM), S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (0.01-10 µM) and N(ω)-propyl-L-arginine (1-10 µM) attenuated ME (10 µM)-induced opioid desensitisation, although the endothelial NO synthase inhibitor N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (3-30 µM) failed to change it. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (1 mM), but not its inactive analog potassium ferricyanide (1 mM), enhanced the ME (3 µM)-induced desensitisation and prevented the effect of S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (10 µM). Sodium nitroprusside (1 mM) failed to change the desensitisation of α2-adrenoceptors by noradrenaline (100 µM, 10 min). These results suggest the contribution of NO and a neuronal type of NO synthase in homologous MOR desensitisation in rat LC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Santamarta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Llorente
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Aitziber Mendiguren
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Joseba Pineda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Redox signal regulation via nNOS phosphorylation at Ser847 in PC12 cells and rat cerebellar granule neurons. Biochem J 2014; 459:251-63. [PMID: 24499461 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is considered a main mechanism modulating nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) function to reduce NO production. In the present study, the effects of nNOS phosphorylation on redox signalling, including that of NO, ROS (reactive oxygen species), and 8-nitro-cGMP (8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate), a downstream messenger of redox signalling, were investigated. In vitro experiments revealed that a phosphorylation-mimic mutant of nNOS (Ser847 replaced with aspartic acid, 847D) increased uncoupling to produce a superoxide. In addition, nicotine, which triggers an influx of Ca2+, induced more ROS and 8-nitro-cGMP production in 847D-expressing PC12 cells than WT (wild-type)-expressing cells. Additionally, nicotine-induced phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser847 and increased ROS and 8-nitro-cGMP production in rat CGNs (cerebellar granule neurons). In CGNs, the NOS (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) and superoxide dismutase completely inhibited ROS and 8-nitro-cGMP production, whereas the CaMK (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor KN93 mildly reduced this effect. Nicotine induced HO-1 (haem oxygenase 1) expression in CGNs and showed cytoprotective effects against apoptosis. Moreover, 8-nitro-cGMP treatment showed identical effects that were attenuated by KN93 pre-treatment. The present paper provides the first substantial corroboration for the biological effects of nNOS phosphorylation at Ser847 on redox signalling, including ROS and intracellular 8-nitro-cGMP generation in neurons, which possibly play roles in neuroprotection.
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28
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Tolerance to cocaine in brain stimulation reward following continuous cocaine infusions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:246-52. [PMID: 24768900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined tolerance to cocaine's threshold-lowering effect in brain stimulation reward (BSR) following continuous cocaine infusions and secondly, used the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to determine NO's involvement in the development of cocaine tolerance. Animals were continuously infused with saline or cocaine (30 mg/kg per day) via osmotic minipump for 14 days and injected daily with saline or L-NAME (30 mg/kg, i.p.) following BSR testing. Saline-treated animals continuously infused with saline showed stable BSR thresholds across the 14-day infusion period. Saline-treated animals continuously infused with cocaine showed markedly lowered BSR thresholds on Day 1 followed by a progressive increase in BSR thresholds across the infusion period - indicating the development of tolerance. L-NAME-treated animals continuously infused with cocaine showed stimulation thresholds that were not significantly different from saline-treated animals continuously infused with cocaine. A cocaine challenge injection (10 mg/kg, i.p.) administered 3 and again at 10 days following minipump removal revealed that saline-treated animals continuously infused with saline showed lowered BSR thresholds. Saline-treated animals continuously infused with cocaine displayed lowered BSR thresholds that were not significantly different from saline-infused animals. L-NAME treated animals continuously infused with cocaine showed higher BSR thresholds to a challenge 3 days following pump removal. However, stimulation thresholds for this group failed to reach statistical significance on both days (i.e., Days 3 and 10) following pump removal. Results showed that animals continuously infused with cocaine develop robust tolerance to cocaine's threshold-lowering effect during the 14-day infusion period. Tolerance to cocaine's threshold-lowering effect was short-lived and dissipated soon after minipump removal. L-NAME treatment failed to significantly alter the development of tolerance to cocaine's threshold-lowering suggesting that NO does not have a primary role in the development of cocaine tolerance.
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Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-inflammation flavonoids from the stems of Millettia dielsiana Harms. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:154-9. [PMID: 24641946 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided isolation of the EtOAc extract of the stems of Millettia dielsiana Harms yielded two new isoflavones together with nine known ones. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of the spectroscopic data including 2D NMR. All of the isolates were evaluated for their potential to inhibit the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and TNF-α in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Among the tested compounds, Millesianin C (1) had the most potent anti-inflammatory effect decreasing NO production similar to that of dexamethasone and decreasing TNF-α secretion better than that of dexamethasone. Their structure-activity relationship was also analyzed.
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Relationship of asymmetrical dimethylarginine, nitric oxide, and sustained attention during attack in patients with major depressive disorder. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:624395. [PMID: 24558318 PMCID: PMC3914576 DOI: 10.1155/2014/624395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship of serum nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels with cognitive functioning in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). 41 MDD patients (Beck depression scale scores >16) and 44 controls were included in the study. Rey verbal learning and memory test, auditory consonant trigram test, digit span test, Wisconsin card sorting test, continuous performance task (TOVA), and Stroop test scores were found to be impaired in patients with major depressive disorder when compared to healthy controls. There was no significant difference between patient and control groups in terms of serum NO and ADMA. Serum NO levels were correlated with TOVA test error scores and Stroop test time scores, whereas serum ADMA levels were negatively correlated with TOVA test error scores. Metabolic detriments especially in relation to NO metabolism in frontal cortex and hypothalamus, psychomotor retardation, or loss of motivation may explain these deficits.
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Tanyeri P, Mutlu O, Ulak G, Akar FY, Celikyurt IK, Erden BF. 5-HT 1and 5-HT 2Receptors Are Involved in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of the Neuronal NOS Inhibitor TRIM in the Rat. Drug Dev Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Tanyeri
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Sakarya University; 54100; Sakarya; Turkey
| | - Oguz Mutlu
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Kocaeli University; 41380; Kocaeli; Turkey
| | - Güner Ulak
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Kocaeli University; 41380; Kocaeli; Turkey
| | - Füruzan Yildiz Akar
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Kocaeli University; 41380; Kocaeli; Turkey
| | | | - Bekir Faruk Erden
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Kocaeli University; 41380; Kocaeli; Turkey
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Keser A, Nesil T, Kanit L, Pogun S. Brain nitric oxide metabolites in rats preselected for nicotine preference and intake. Neurosci Lett 2013; 545:102-6. [PMID: 23643897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine addiction is a serious health problem resulting in millions of preventable deaths worldwide. The gas messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in addiction, and nicotine increases nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in the brain. Understanding the factors which underlie individual differences in nicotine preference and intake is important for developing effective therapeutic strategies for smoking cessation. The present study aimed to assess NO activity, by measuring its stable metabolites, in three brain regions that express high levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rats preselected for nicotine preference. Rats (n=88) were exposed to two-bottle, free choice of oral nicotine/water starting either as adolescents or adults; control animals received only water under identical conditions. Following 12 or six weeks of exposure, levels of NOx (nitrite+nitrate), were determined in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and amygdala. Since the rats were singly housed during oral nicotine treatment, naïve rats were also included in the study to evaluate the effect of isolation stress. Isolation stress increased NOx in the hippocampus. Nicotine preference did not have a significant effect on NO activity, but rats with adolescent exposure had higher NOx levels in the frontal cortex compared to adult-onset rats. Our findings suggest that nicotine exposure during adolescence, regardless of the amount of nicotine consumed, results in higher NO activity in the frontal cortex of rats, which persists through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Keser
- Ege University, Center for Brain Research, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Burke AJ, Sullivan FJ, Giles FJ, Glynn SA. The yin and yang of nitric oxide in cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:503-12. [PMID: 23354310 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, pleiotropic molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. Presently, there are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding NO and its role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. NO has been shown to have dichotomous effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and many other important processes in cancer biology. It has been shown to be both pro- and antitumorigenic, depending on the concentration and the tumor microenvironment in question. NO is generated by three isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) that are widely expressed and sometimes upregulated in human tumors. Due to its vast array of physiological functions, it presents a huge challenge to researchers to discover its true potential in cancer biology and consequently, its use in anticancer therapies. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on NO modulation as an anticancer therapy, focusing on NO-donating drugs and NOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Burke
- Prostate Cancer Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Dublin, Ireland.
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Raoufi N, Piri M, Moshfegh A, Shahin MS. Nicotine improves ethanol-induced impairment of memory: Possible involvement of nitric oxide in the dorsal hippocampus of mice. Neuroscience 2012; 219:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Llorente J, Santamarta MT, Henderson G, Pineda J. Enhancement of μ-opioid receptor desensitization by nitric oxide in rat locus coeruleus neurons: involvement of reactive oxygen species. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:552-60. [PMID: 22593094 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.194225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that nitric oxide (NO) synthase is involved in the development of opioid tolerance. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of NO on μ-opioid receptor (MOR) desensitization. Furthermore, we explored the possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this effect. Single-unit extracellular and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on locus coeruleus (LC) neurons from rat brain slices. Perfusion with high concentrations of Met(5)-enkephalin (ME) caused a concentration-related reduction of opioid effect, reflecting the induction of homologous MOR desensitization. The NO donors sodium nitroprusside and diethylamine NONOate markedly enhanced the ME-induced MOR desensitization, although the acute effect of ME on K(+) conductance was not affected by sodium nitroprusside. Continuous perfusion with the antioxidants melatonin, trolox, 21-[4-(2,6-di-1-pyrrolidinyl-4-pyrrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione(Z)-2-butenedioate (U74389G), and diethyldithiocarbamate prevented the effect of sodium nitroprusside on MOR desensitization, but they did not themselves alter the desensitization. Like sodium nitroprusside, the ROS-generating molecule H(2)O(2) enhanced MOR desensitization induced by ME. However, α(2)-adrenoceptor desensitization induced by noradrenaline was not modified by H(2)O(2), suggesting a selective action of ROS on MOR. Our results suggest that elevated levels of NO, which may be reached in pathological processes, enhance homologous desensitization of MOR in the LC, probably through a mechanism involving ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Llorente
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa E-48940, Bizkaia, Spain
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Zarrindast MR, Piri M, Nasehi M, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M. Nitric oxide in the nucleus accumbens is involved in retrieval of inhibitory avoidance memory by nicotine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:166-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Moosavi M, Khales GY, Abbasi L, Zarifkar A, Rastegar K. Agmatine protects against scopolamine-induced water maze performance impairment and hippocampal ERK and Akt inactivation. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:2018-23. [PMID: 22248637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic brain activity plays a significant role in memory. Scopolamine a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist is known to induce impairment in Morris water maze performance, the task which is mainly dependent on the hippocampus. It is suggested that hippocampal ERK and Akt activation play roles in synaptic plasticity and some types of learning and memory. Agmatine, a polyamine derived from l-arginine decarboxylation, is recently shown to exert some neuroprotective effects. This study was aimed to investigate if agmatine could reverse scopolamine-induced memory impairment and possible hippocampal ERK and Akt activity alteration. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups. The animals were trained for 3 days in Morris water maze and in day 4 their memory retention was assessed in probe trial which was consisted of a 60 s trial with no platform. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg/ip) or saline were injected 30 min and agmatine (20 or 40 mg/kg/ip) was administered 60 min before each session. The hippocampi were isolated after behavioral studies and western blotting studies on hippocampal lysates were done to determine the levels of activated ERK and Akt. Scopolamine treatment not only impaired water maze learning and memory, but also decreased the amount of phosphorylated (activated) ERK and Akt. Agmatine pre-treatment prevented both the learning impairment and hippocampal ERK and Akt inactivation induced by scopolamine. It seems that agmatine may act as a candidate substance against amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moosavi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center and department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, Iran.
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The pharmacological importance of agmatine in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:502-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rose JE, Dehkordi O, Fatemi M, Raghupathi R, Millis RM, Jayam-Trouth A. Neuroanatomical evidence for a putative autocrine/paracrine signaling system involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, purinergic receptors, and nitric oxide synthase in the airways. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:849-59. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Talarek S, Listos J, Fidecka S. Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on benzodiazepine withdrawal in mice and rats. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:680-9. [PMID: 21857078 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors on benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in mice and rats. Diazepam withdrawal in mice was read out as intensification of the seizures induced by a subthreshold dose of pentetrazole. In rats, the withdrawal syndrome resulting from chronic administration of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam and temazepam was characterized by audiogenic seizures, hypermotility and weight loss. Administration of the non-selective NO synthase inhibitors N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) significantly attenuated the withdrawal syndrome (i.e., pentetrazole-induced seizures) in diazepam-dependent mice. L-NOARG significantly suppressed hypermotility in clonazepam-dependent rats and inhibited the decrease in body weight observed after 12 h of withdrawal in chlordiazepoxide- and clonazepam-dependent rats. Moreover, a clear propensity of L-NOARG to protect benzodiazepine-dependent rats against audiogenic seizures was observed. These findings suggest that the cGMP/NO system may participate in causing the signs of benzodiazepine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University School, Staszica 4, PL 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
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41
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Dacher M, Nugent FS. Opiates and plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:1088-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Miyamoto Y, Sakai R, Maeda C, Takata T, Ihara H, Tsuchiya Y, Watanabe Y. Nitric oxide promotes nicotine-triggered ERK signaling via redox reactions in PC12 cells. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:344-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Marín MJ, Thomas P, Fabregat V, Luis SV, Russell DA, Galindo F. Fluorescence of 1,2-diaminoanthraquinone and its nitric oxide reaction product within macrophage cells. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2471-7. [PMID: 21953703 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many biological processes. Aromatic ortho-diamine derivatives are commonly used in the fluorescence imaging of NO in living cells. ortho-diamino (o-diamino) compounds are believed to react with NO in an oxygenated medium leading to the formation of a triazole derivative. One such o-diamino compound, 1,2-diaminoanthraquinone (DAA), is a nontoxic probe for the detection of NO in living tissues and cells. The formation of the DAA triazole derivative (DAA-TZ) upon reaction of DAA with NO/O(2) within cells has not been demonstrated previously. The aim of this study was to confirm that DAA-TZ is the species formed intracellularly when DAA reacts with NO in the presence of oxygen. The chemical synthesis and characterisation of DAA-TZ was performed together with intracellular studies of DAA and DAA-TZ. Raw 264.7 macrophages were loaded with the DAA or DAA-TZ under conditions of no-stimulation or stimulation with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide to produce NO. Confocal microscopy was used to image the DAA-loaded macrophage cells. Analysis of the emission spectra allowed precise discrimination of the fluorescence of each species in the macrophage cells, and confirmed the identity of DAA-TZ as the intracellular reaction product between DAA and NO in the presence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
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44
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Anti-inflammatory activity of Angelica dahurica ethanolic extract on RAW264.7 cells via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1047-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Agmatine blocks ethanol-induced locomotor hyperactivity in male mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 659:26-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mattioli L, Perfumi M. Effects of a Rhodiola rosea L. extract on acquisition and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:411-20. [PMID: 20142299 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109359096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Rhodiola rosea L. extract on acquisition and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. Therefore animals were injected with repeated administration of morphine (10 mg/kg, subcutaneous) twice daily for five or six days, in order to make them tolerant or dependent. Rhodiola rosea L. extract (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg) was administered by the intragastric route 60 min prior to each morphine injection (for acquisition) or prior the last injection of morphine or naloxone on test day (for tolerance or dependence expression, respectively). Morphine tolerance was evaluated by testing its analgesic effect in the tail flick test at the 1st and 5th days. Morphine dependence was evaluated by counting the number of withdrawal signs (jumping, rearing, forepaw tremor, teeth chatter) after naloxone injection (5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) on the test day (day 6). Results showed that Rhodiola rosea L. extract significantly reduced the expression of morphine tolerance, while it was ineffective in modulating its acquisition. Conversely, Rhodiola rosea L. extract significantly and dose-dependently attenuated both development and expression of morphine dependence after chronic or acute administration. These data suggest that Rhodiola rosea L. may have human therapeutic potential for treatment of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mattioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Piri M, Zarrindast M. Nitric oxide in the ventral tegmental area is involved in retrieval of inhibitory avoidance memory by nicotine. Neuroscience 2011; 175:154-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Talarek S, Orzelska J, Listos J, Fidecka S. Effects of sildenafil treatment on the development of tolerance to diazepam-induced motor impairment and sedation in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 62:627-34. [PMID: 20885003 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of PDE5, on the development and the expression of tolerance to diazepam (DZ)-induced motor impairment and sedation in mice. DZ-induced motor incoordination was assessed by the rotarod and chimney tests, and DZ-induced sedation was examined using a photocell apparatus. Sildenafil treatment enhanced the development of tolerance to the motor impairing effects, but not to the sedative effects, of DZ. Sildenafil treatment did not affect the expression of tolerance to DZ-induced motor impairment and sedation in mice. Our results suggest that sildenafil treatment, at least in part, affects the development of DZ tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4, PL 20-081 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is just one member of a new class of gaseous signalling molecules with fundamental actions in biology. In higher vertebrates it has key roles in maintaining haemostasis and in smooth muscle (especially vascular smooth muscle), neurons and the gastrointestinal tract. It is intimately involved in regulating all aspects of our lives from waking, digestion, sexual function, perception of pain and pleasure, memory recall and sleeping. Finally, the way it continues to function in our bodies will influence how we degenerate with age. It will likely play a role in our deaths through cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer. Our ability to control NO signalling and to use NO effectively in therapy must therefore have a major bearing on the future quality and duration of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Hirst
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
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Chen CH, Pan CH, Chen CC, Huang MC. Increased Oxidative DNA Damage in Patients With Alcohol Dependence and Its Correlation With Alcohol Withdrawal Severity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 35:338-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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