1
|
Kleschyov AL, Zhuge Z, Schiffer TA, Guimarães DD, Zhang G, Montenegro MF, Tesse A, Weitzberg E, Carlström M, Lundberg JO. NO-ferroheme is a signaling entity in the vasculature. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1267-1275. [PMID: 37710073 PMCID: PMC10522487 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite wide appreciation of the biological role of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) signaling, questions remain about the chemical nature of NOS-derived bioactivity. Here we show that NO-like bioactivity can be efficiently transduced by mobile NO-ferroheme species, which can transfer between proteins, partition into a hydrophobic phase and directly activate the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway without intermediacy of free NO. The NO-ferroheme species (with or without a protein carrier) efficiently relax isolated blood vessels and induce hypotension in rodents, which is greatly potentiated after the blockade of NOS activity. While free NO-induced relaxations are abolished by an NO scavenger and in the presence of red blood cells or blood plasma, a model compound, NO-ferroheme-myoglobin preserves its vasoactivity suggesting the physiological relevance of NO-ferroheme species. We conclude that NO-ferroheme behaves as a signaling entity in the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kleschyov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
- Freiberg Instruments GmbH, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Drielle D Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marcelo F Montenegro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Tesse
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR1087, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Turilli-Ghisolfi ES, Lualdi M, Fasano M. Ligand-Based Regulation of Dynamics and Reactivity of Hemoproteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:683. [PMID: 37189430 PMCID: PMC10135655 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoproteins include several heme-binding proteins with distinct structure and function. The presence of the heme group confers specific reactivity and spectroscopic properties to hemoproteins. In this review, we provide an overview of five families of hemoproteins in terms of dynamics and reactivity. First, we describe how ligands modulate cooperativity and reactivity in globins, such as myoglobin and hemoglobin. Second, we move on to another family of hemoproteins devoted to electron transport, such as cytochromes. Later, we consider heme-based reactivity in hemopexin, the main heme-scavenging protein. Then, we focus on heme-albumin, a chronosteric hemoprotein with peculiar spectroscopic and enzymatic properties. Eventually, we analyze the reactivity and dynamics of the most recently discovered family of hemoproteins, i.e., nitrobindins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Simone G, Varricchio R, Ruberto TF, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Heme Scavenging and Delivery: The Role of Human Serum Albumin. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030575. [PMID: 36979511 PMCID: PMC10046553 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is the reactive center of several metal-based proteins that are involved in multiple biological processes. However, free heme, defined as the labile heme pool, has toxic properties that are derived from its hydrophobic nature and the Fe-atom. Therefore, the heme concentration must be tightly controlled to maintain cellular homeostasis and to avoid pathological conditions. Therefore, different systems have been developed to scavenge either Hb (i.e., haptoglobin (Hp)) or the free heme (i.e., high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), hemopexin (Hx), and human serum albumin (HSA)). In the first seconds after heme appearance in the plasma, more than 80% of the heme binds to HDL and LDL, and only the remaining 20% binds to Hx and HSA. Then, HSA slowly removes most of the heme from HDL and LDL, and finally, heme transits to Hx, which releases it into hepatic parenchymal cells. The Hx:heme or HSA:heme complexes are internalized via endocytosis mediated by the CD91 and CD71 receptors, respectively. As heme constitutes a major iron source for pathogens, bacteria have evolved hemophores that can extract and uptake heme from host proteins, including HSA:heme. Here, the molecular mechanisms underlying heme scavenging and delivery from HSA are reviewed. Moreover, the relevance of HSA in disease states associated with increased heme plasma concentrations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Simone
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Romualdo Varricchio
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Francesco Ruberto
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Centro Linceo Interdisciplinare Beniamino Segre, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 00165 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gbotosho OT, Kapetanaki MG, Kato GJ. The Worst Things in Life are Free: The Role of Free Heme in Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:561917. [PMID: 33584641 PMCID: PMC7873693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis is a pathological feature of several diseases of diverse etiology such as hereditary anemias, malaria, and sepsis. A major complication of hemolysis involves the release of large quantities of hemoglobin into the blood circulation and the subsequent generation of harmful metabolites like labile heme. Protective mechanisms like haptoglobin-hemoglobin and hemopexin-heme binding, and heme oxygenase-1 enzymatic degradation of heme limit the toxicity of the hemolysis-related molecules. The capacity of these protective systems is exceeded in hemolytic diseases, resulting in high residual levels of hemolysis products in the circulation, which pose a great oxidative and proinflammatory risk. Sickle cell disease (SCD) features a prominent hemolytic anemia which impacts the phenotypic variability and disease severity. Not only is circulating heme a potent oxidative molecule, but it can act as an erythrocytic danger-associated molecular pattern (eDAMP) molecule which contributes to a proinflammatory state, promoting sickle complications such as vaso-occlusion and acute lung injury. Exposure to extracellular heme in SCD can also augment the expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), with important consequences to enthothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion and pulmonary hypertension, and potentially the development of renal and cardiac dysfunction. This review focuses on heme-induced mechanisms that are implicated in disease pathways, mainly in SCD. A special emphasis is given to heme-induced PlGF and IL-6 related mechanisms and their role in SCD disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabukola T. Gbotosho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria G. Kapetanaki
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Kato
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haines DD, Tosaki A. Heme Degradation in Pathophysiology of and Countermeasures to Inflammation-Associated Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249698. [PMID: 33353225 PMCID: PMC7766613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The class of tetrapyrrol "coordination complexes" called hemes are prosthetic group components of metalloproteins including hemoglobin, which provide functionality to these physiologically essential macromolecules by reversibly binding diatomic gasses, notably O2, which complexes to ferrous (reduced/Fe(II)) iron within the heme porphyrin ring of hemoglobin in a pH- and PCO2-dependent manner-thus allowing their transport and delivery to anatomic sites of their function. Here, pathologies associated with aberrant heme degradation are explored in the context of their underlying mechanisms and emerging medical countermeasures developed using heme oxygenase (HO), its major degradative enzyme and bioactive metabolites produced by HO activity. Tissue deposits of heme accumulate as a result of the removal of senescent or damaged erythrocytes from circulation by splenic macrophages, which destroy the cells and internal proteins, including hemoglobin, leaving free heme to accumulate, posing a significant toxicogenic challenge. In humans, HO uses NADPH as a reducing agent, along with molecular oxygen, to degrade heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free ferrous iron (FeII), which is sequestered by ferritin protein, and biliverdin, subsequently metabolized to bilirubin, a potent inhibitor of oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage. CO acts as a cellular messenger and augments vasodilation. Nevertheless, disease- or trauma-associated oxidative stressors sufficiently intense to overwhelm HO may trigger or exacerbate a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular and neurologic syndromes. Here, strategies are described for counteracting the effects of aberrant heme degradation, with a particular focus on "bioflavonoids" as HO inducers, shown to cause amelioration of severe inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald David Haines
- Advanced Biotherapeutics, London W2 1EB, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-255586
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Munoz CJ, Pires IS, Baek JH, Buehler PW, Palmer AF, Cabrales P. Apohemoglobin-haptoglobin complex attenuates the pathobiology of circulating acellular hemoglobin and heme. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1296-H1307. [PMID: 32302494 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00136.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is the plasma protein that binds and clears cell-free hemoglobin (Hb), whereas apohemoglobin (apoHb, i.e., Hb devoid of heme) can bind heme. Therefore, the apoHb-Hp protein complex should facilitate holoHb-apoHb αβ-dimer exchange and apoHb-heme intercalation. Thus, we hypothesized that apoHb-Hp could facilitate both Hb and heme clearance, which, if not alleviated, could have severe microcirculatory consequences. In this study, we characterized apoHb-Hp and Hb/heme ligand interactions and assessed their in vivo consequences. Hb exchange and heme binding with the apoHb-Hp complex was studied with transfer assays using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV-visible spectrophotometry. Exchange/transfer experiments were conducted in guinea pigs dosed with Hb or heme-albumin followed by a challenge with equimolar amounts of apoHb-Hp. Finally, systemic and microcirculatory parameters were studied in hamsters instrumented with a dorsal window chamber via intravital microscopy. In vitro and in vivo Hb exchange and heme transfer experiments demonstrated proof-of-concept Hb/heme ligand transfer to apoHb-Hp. Dosing with the apoHb-Hp complex reversed Hb- and heme-induced systemic hypertension and microvascular vasoconstriction, reduced microvascular blood flow, and diminished functional capillary density. Therefore, this study highlights the apoHb-Hp complex as a novel therapeutic strategy to attenuate the adverse systemic and microvascular responses to intravascular Hb and heme exposure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights the apoHb-Hp complex as a novel therapeutic strategy to attenuate the adverse systemic and microvascular responses to intravascular Hb and heme exposure. In vitro and in vivo Hb exchange and heme transfer experiments demonstrated proof-of-concept Hb/heme ligand transfer to apoHb-Hp. The apoHb-Hp complex reverses Hb- and heme-induced systemic hypertension and microvascular vasoconstriction, preserves microvascular blood flow, and functional capillary density. In summary, the unique properties of the apoHb-Hp complex prevent adverse systemic and microvascular responses to Hb and heme-albumin exposure and introduce a novel therapeutic approach to facilitate simultaneous removal of extracellular Hb and heme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Munoz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jin Hyen Baek
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ascenzi P, Coletta M. Peroxynitrite Detoxification by Human Haptoglobin:Hemoglobin Complexes: A Comparative Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:11100-11107. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Gioia M, Fanali G, Fasano M, Coletta M. Warfarin inhibits allosterically the reductive nitrosylation of ferric human serum heme-albumin. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:63-75. [PMID: 28926756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human serum heme-albumin (HSA-heme-Fe) displays heme-based ligand binding and (pseudo-)enzymatic properties. Here, the effect of the prototypical drug warfarin on kinetics and thermodynamics of NO binding to ferric and ferrous HSA-heme-Fe (HSA-heme-Fe(III) and HSA-heme-Fe(II), respectively) and on the NO-mediated reductive nitrosylation of the heme-Fe atom is reported; data were obtained between pH5.5 and 9.5 at 20.0°C. Since warfarin is a common drug, its effect on the reactivity of HSA-heme-Fe represents a relevant issue in the pharmacological therapy management. The inhibition of NO binding to HSA-heme-Fe(III) and HSA-heme-Fe(II) as well as of the NO-mediated reductive nitrosylation of the heme-Fe(III) atom by warfarin has been ascribed to drug binding to the fatty acid binding site 2 (FA2), shifting allosterically the penta-to-six coordination equilibrium of the heme-Fe atom toward the low reactive species showing the six-coordinated metal center by His146 and Tyr161 residues. These data: (i) support the role of HSA-heme-Fe in trapping NO, (ii) highlight the modulation of the heme-Fe-based reactivity by drugs, and (iii) could be relevant for the modulation of HSA functions by drugs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Magda Gioia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; Neuroscience Research Center, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ascenzi P, di Masi A, Fanali G, Fasano M. Heme-based catalytic properties of human serum albumin. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15025. [PMID: 27551458 PMCID: PMC4991842 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA): (i) controls the plasma oncotic pressure, (ii) modulates fluid distribution between the body compartments, (iii) represents the depot and carrier of endogenous and exogenous compounds, (iv) increases the apparent solubility and lifetime of hydrophobic compounds, (v) affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, (vi) inactivates toxic compounds, (vii) induces chemical modifications of some ligands, (viii) displays antioxidant properties, and (ix) shows enzymatic properties. Under physiological and pathological conditions, HSA has a pivotal role in heme scavenging transferring the metal-macrocycle from high- and low-density lipoproteins to hemopexin, thus acquiring globin-like reactivity. Here, the heme-based catalytic properties of HSA are reviewed and the structural bases of drug-dependent allosteric regulation are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University , 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - A di Masi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy; Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - G Fanali
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria , 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - M Fasano
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meneghini C, Leboffe L, Bionducci M, Fanali G, Meli M, Colombo G, Fasano M, Ascenzi P, Mobilio S. The five-to-six-coordination transition of ferric human serum heme-albumin is allosterically-modulated by ibuprofen and warfarin: a combined XAS and MD study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104231. [PMID: 25153171 PMCID: PMC4143227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is involved physiologically in heme scavenging; in turn, heme-albumin (HSA-heme-Fe) displays globin-like properties. Here, the allosteric effect of ibuprofen and warfarin on the local atomic structure around the ferric heme-Fe (heme-Fe(III)) atom of HSA-heme-Fe (HSA-heme-Fe(III)) has been probed by Fe-K edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The quantitative analysis of the Fe-K edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) signals and modeling of the near edge (XANES) spectral features demonstrated that warfarin and ibuprofen binding modify the local structure of the heme-Fe(III). Combined XAS data analysis and targeted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided atomic resolution insights of protein structural rearrangements required to accommodate the heme-Fe(III) upon ibuprofen and warfarin binding. In the absence of drugs, the heme-Fe(III) atom is penta-coordinated having distorted 4+1 configuration made by the nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin ring and the oxygen phenoxy atom of the Tyr161 residue. MD simulations show that ibuprofen and warfarin association to the secondary fatty acid (FA) binding site 2 (FA2) induces a reorientation of domain I of HSA-heme-Fe(III), this leads to the redirection of the His146 residue providing an additional bond to the heme-Fe(III) atom, providing the 5+1 configuration. The comparison of Fe-K edge XANES spectra calculated using MD structures with those obtained experimentally confirms the reliability of the proposed structural model. As a whole, combining XAS and MD simulations it has been possible to provide a reliable model of the heme-Fe(III) atom coordination state and to understand the complex allosteric transition occurring in HSA-heme-Fe(III) upon ibuprofen and warfarin binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Fanali
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Meli
- Institute for Molecular Recognition Chemistry, National Research Council, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Institute for Molecular Recognition Chemistry, National Research Council, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Roma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Warfarin modulates the nitrite reductase activity of ferrous human serum heme-albumin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:939-46. [PMID: 24037275 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human serum heme-albumin (HSA-heme-Fe) displays reactivity and spectroscopic properties similar to those of heme proteins. Here, the nitrite reductase activity of ferrous HSA-heme-Fe [HSA-heme-Fe(II)] is reported. The value of the second-order rate constant for the reduction of [Formula: see text] to NO and the concomitant formation of nitrosylated HSA-heme-Fe(II) (i.e., k on) is 1.3 M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7.4 and 20 °C. Values of k on increase by about one order of magnitude for each pH unit decrease between pH 6.5 to 8.2, indicating that the reaction requires one proton. Warfarin inhibits the HSA-heme-Fe(II) reductase activity, highlighting the allosteric linkage between the heme binding site [also named the fatty acid (FA) binding site 1; FA1] and the drug-binding cleft FA2. The dissociation equilibrium constant for warfarin binding to HSA-heme-Fe(II) is (3.1 ± 0.4) × 10(-4) M at pH 7.4 and 20 °C. These results: (1) represent the first evidence for the [Formula: see text] reductase activity of HSA-heme-Fe(II), (2) highlight the role of drugs (e.g., warfarin) in modulating HSA(-heme-Fe) functions, and (3) strongly support the view that HSA acts not only as a heme carrier but also displays transient heme-based reactivity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Human serum albumin: from bench to bedside. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:209-90. [PMID: 22230555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1183] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is a monomeric multi-domain macromolecule, representing the main determinant of plasma oncotic pressure and the main modulator of fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA displays an extraordinary ligand binding capacity, providing a depot and carrier for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Indeed, HSA represents the main carrier for fatty acids, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, provides the metabolic modification of some ligands, renders potential toxins harmless, accounts for most of the anti-oxidant capacity of human plasma, and displays (pseudo-)enzymatic properties. HSA is a valuable biomarker of many diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia, post-menopausal obesity, severe acute graft-versus-host disease, and diseases that need monitoring of the glycemic control. Moreover, HSA is widely used clinically to treat several diseases, including hypovolemia, shock, burns, surgical blood loss, trauma, hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodialysis, acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, nutrition support, resuscitation, and hypoalbuminemia. Recently, biotechnological applications of HSA, including implantable biomaterials, surgical adhesives and sealants, biochromatography, ligand trapping, and fusion proteins, have been reported. Here, genetic, biochemical, biomedical, and biotechnological aspects of HSA are reviewed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kühl T, Sahoo N, Nikolajski M, Schlott B, Heinemann SH, Imhof D. Determination of hemin-binding characteristics of proteins by a combinatorial peptide library approach. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2846-55. [PMID: 22045633 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the binding of heme/hemin to proteins or peptides have recently intensified as it became evident that heme serves not only as a prosthetic group, but also as a regulator and effector molecule interacting with transmembrane and cytoplasmic proteins. The iron-ion-containing heme group can associate with these proteins in different ways, with the amino acids Cys, His, and Tyr allowing individual modes of binding. Strong coordinate-covalent binding, such as in cytochrome c, is known, and reversible attachment is also discussed. Ligands for both types of binding have been reported independently, though sometimes with different affinities for similar sequences. We applied a combinatorial approach using the library (X)(4) (C/H/Y)(X)(4) to characterize peptide ligands with considerable hemin binding capacities. Some of the library-selected peptides were comparable in terms of hemin association independently of whether or not a cysteine residue was present in the sequence. Indeed, a preference for His-based (≈39 %) and Tyr-based (≈40 %) sequences over Cys-based ones (≈21 %) was detected. The binding affinities for the library-selected peptides, as determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy, were in the nanomolar range. Moreover, selected representatives efficiently competed for hemin binding with the human BK channel hSlo1, which is known to be regulated by heme through binding to its heme-binding domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Kühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evidence for pH-dependent multiple conformers in iron(II) heme–human serum albumin: spectroscopic and kinetic investigation of carbon monoxide binding. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 17:133-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Ascenzi P, Cao Y, Tundo GR, Coletta M, Fanali G, Fasano M. Ibuprofen and warfarin modulate allosterically ferrous human serum heme–albumin nitrosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:185-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
16
|
Ascenzi P, Gullotta F, Gioia M, Coletta M, Fasano M. O2-mediated oxidation of ferrous nitrosylated human serum heme–albumin is limited by nitrogen monoxide dissociation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 406:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Isoniazid and rifampicin inhibit allosterically heme binding to albumin and peroxynitrite isomerization by heme–albumin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 16:97-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Ascenzi P, Fasano M. Allostery in a monomeric protein: The case of human serum albumin. Biophys Chem 2010; 148:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Ascenzi P, Cao Y, di Masi A, Gullotta F, De Sanctis G, Fanali G, Fasano M, Coletta M. Reductive nitrosylation of ferric human serum heme-albumin. FEBS J 2010; 277:2474-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Roher AE, Maarouf CL, Sue LI, Hu Y, Wilson J, Beach TG. Proteomics-derived cerebrospinal fluid markers of autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease. Biomarkers 2010; 14:493-501. [PMID: 19863188 DOI: 10.3109/13547500903108423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic performance of several candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein biomarkers in neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD), non-demented (ND) elderly controls and non-AD dementias (NADD) was assessed. Candidate markers were selected on the basis of initial two-dimensional gel electrophoresis studies or by literature review. Markers selected by the former method included apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), haemopexin (HPX), transthyretin (TTR) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), while markers identified from the literature included Abeta1-40, Abeta1-42, total tau, phosphorylated tau, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (A1GP), haptoglobin, zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein (Z2GP) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Ventricular CSF concentrations of the markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentrations of Abeta1-42, ApoA1, A1GP, ApoE, HPX and Z2GP differed significantly among AD, ND and NADD subjects. Logistic regression analysis for the diagnostic discrimination of AD from ND found that Abeta1-42, ApoA1 and HPX each had significant and independent associations with diagnosis. The CSF concentrations of these three markers distinguished AD from ND subjects with 84% sensitivity and 72% specificity, with 78% of subjects correctly classified. By comparison, using Abeta1-42 alone gave 79% sensitivity and 61% specificity, with 68% of subjects correctly classified. For the diagnostic discrimination of AD from NADD, only the concentration of Abeta1-42 was significantly related to diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 58%, specificity of 86% and 86% correctly classified. The results indicate that for the discrimination of AD from ND control subjects, measurement of a set of markers including Abeta1-42, ApoA1 and HPX improved diagnostic performance over that obtained by measurement of Abeta1-42 alone. For the discrimination of AD from NADD subjects, measurement of Abeta1-42 alone was superior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Roher
- The Longtine Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Heme is an essential molecule in aerobic organisms. Heme consists of protoporphyrin IX and a ferrous (Fe(2+)) iron atom, which has high affinity for oxygen (O(2)). Hemoglobin, the major oxygen-carrying protein in blood, is the most abundant heme-protein in animals and humans. Hemoglobin consists of four globin subunits (alpha(2)beta(2)), with each subunit carrying a heme group. Ferrous (Fe(2+)) hemoglobin is easily oxidized in circulation to ferric (Fe(3+)) hemoglobin, which readily releases free hemin. Hemin is hydrophobic and intercalates into cell membranes. Hydrogen peroxide can split the heme ring and release "free" redox-active iron, which catalytically amplifies the production of reactive oxygen species. These oxidants can oxidize lipids, proteins, and DNA; activate cell-signaling pathways and oxidant-sensitive, proinflammatory transcription factors; alter protein expression; perturb membrane channels; and induce apoptosis and cell death. Heme-derived oxidants induce recruitment of leukocytes, platelets, and red blood cells to the vessel wall; oxidize low-density lipoproteins; and consume nitric oxide. Heme metabolism, extracellular and intracellular defenses against heme, and cellular cytoprotective adaptations are emphasized. Sickle cell disease, an archetypal example of hemolysis, heme-induced oxidative stress, and cytoprotective adaptation, is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Ascenzi P, di Masi A, Coletta M, Ciaccio C, Fanali G, Nicoletti FP, Smulevich G, Fasano M. Ibuprofen impairs allosterically peroxynitrite isomerization by ferric human serum heme-albumin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:31006-17. [PMID: 19734142 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.010736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) participates in heme scavenging; in turn, heme endows HSA with myoglobin-like reactivity and spectroscopic properties. Here, the allosteric effect of ibuprofen on peroxynitrite isomerization to NO(3)(-) catalyzed by ferric human serum heme-albumin (HSA-heme-Fe(III)) is reported. Data were obtained at 22.0 degrees C. HSA-heme-Fe(III) catalyzes peroxynitrite isomerization in the absence and presence of CO(2); the values of the second order catalytic rate constant (k(on)) are 4.1 x 10(5) and 4.5 x 10(5) m(-1) s(-1), respectively. Moreover, HSA-heme-Fe(III) prevents peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of free added l-tyrosine. The pH dependence of k(on) (pK(a) = 6.9) suggests that peroxynitrous acid reacts preferentially with the heme-Fe(III) atom, in the absence and presence of CO(2). The HSA-heme-Fe(III)-catalyzed isomerization of peroxynitrite has been ascribed to the reactive pentacoordinated heme-Fe(III) atom. In the absence and presence of CO(2), ibuprofen impairs dose-dependently peroxynitrite isomerization by HSA-heme-Fe(III) and facilitates the nitration of free added l-tyrosine; the value of the dissociation equilibrium constant for ibuprofen binding to HSA-heme-Fe(III) (L) ranges between 7.7 x 10(-4) and 9.7 x 10(-4) m. Under conditions where [ibuprofen] is >>L, the kinetics of HSA-heme-Fe(III)-catalyzed isomerization of peroxynitrite is superimposable to that obtained in the absence of HSA-heme-Fe(III) or in the presence of non-catalytic HSA-heme-Fe(III)-cyanide complex and HSA. Ibuprofen binding impairs allosterically peroxynitrite isomerization by HSA-heme-Fe(III), inducing the hexacoordination of the heme-Fe(III) atom. These results represent the first evidence for peroxynitrite isomerization by HSA-heme-Fe(III), highlighting the allosteric modulation of HSA-heme-Fe(III) reactivity by heterotropic interaction(s), and outlining the role of drugs in modulating HSA functions. The present results could be relevant for the drug-dependent protective role of HSA-heme-Fe(III) in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Biology and Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Baroni S, Pariani G, Fanali G, Longo D, Ascenzi P, Aime S, Fasano M. Thermodynamic analysis of hydration in human serum heme–albumin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:385-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Ibuprofen modulates allosterically NO dissociation from ferrous nitrosylated human serum heme-albumin by binding to three sites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:83-6. [PMID: 19559669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is a monomeric allosteric protein. Here, the effect of ibuprofen on denitrosylation kinetics (k(off)) and spectroscopic properties of HSA-heme-Fe(II)-NO is reported. The k(off) value increases from (1.4+/-0.2)x10(-4)s(-1), in the absence of the drug, to (9.5+/-1.2)x10(-3)s(-1), in the presence of 1.0x10(-2)M ibuprofen, at pH 7.0 and 10.0 degrees C. From the dependence of k(off) on the drug concentration, values of the dissociation equilibrium constants for ibuprofen binding to HSA-heme-Fe(II)-NO (K(1)=(3.1+/-0.4)x10(-7)M, K(2)=(1.7+/-0.2)x10(-4)M, and K(3)=(2.2+/-0.2)x10(-3)M) were determined. The K(3) value corresponds to the value of the dissociation equilibrium constant for ibuprofen binding to HSA-heme-Fe(II)-NO determined by monitoring drug-dependent absorbance spectroscopic changes (H=(2.6+/-0.3)x10(-3)M). Present data indicate that ibuprofen binds to the FA3-FA4 cleft (Sudlow's site II), to the FA6 site, and possibly to the FA2 pocket, inducing the hexa-coordination of HSA-heme-Fe(II)-NO and triggering the heme-ligand dissociation kinetics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Fanali G, Pariani G, Ascenzi P, Fasano M. Allosteric and binding properties of Asp1-Glu382 truncated recombinant human serum albumin - an optical and NMR spectroscopic investigation. FEBS J 2009; 276:2241-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Fanali G, De Sanctis G, Gioia M, Coletta M, Ascenzi P, Fasano M. Reversible two-step unfolding of heme–human serum albumin: a 1H-NMR relaxometric and circular dichroism study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2008; 14:209-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-008-0439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Abacavir and warfarin modulate allosterically kinetics of NO dissociation from ferrous nitrosylated human serum heme-albumin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:686-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
29
|
Fanali G, Bocedi A, Ascenzi P, Fasano M. Modulation of heme and myristate binding to human serum albumin by anti-HIV drugs. An optical and NMR spectroscopic study. FEBS J 2007; 274:4491-502. [PMID: 17725715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) has an extraordinary ligand-binding capacity, and transports Fe(III)heme and medium- and long-chain fatty acids. In human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients the administered drugs bind to HSA and act as allosteric effectors. Here, the binding of Fe(III)heme to HSA in the presence of three representative anti-HIV drugs and myristate is investigated. Values of the dissociation equilibrium constant K(d) for Fe(III)heme binding to HSA were determined at different myristate concentrations, in the absence and presence of anti-HIV drugs. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles of HSA-Fe(III)heme were measured, at different myristate concentrations, in the absence and presence of anti-HIV drugs. Structural bases for anti-HIV drug binding to HSA are provided by automatic docking simulation. Abacavir and nevirapine bind to HSA with K(d) values of 1 x 10(-6) and 2 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Therefore, at concentrations used in therapy (in the 1-5 x 10(-6) M range) abacavir and nevirapine bind to HSA and increase the affinity of heme for HSA. In the presence of abacavir or nevirapine, the affinity is not lowered by myristate. FA7 should therefore be intended as a secondary binding site for abacavir and nevirapine. Binding of atazanavir is limited by the large size of the drug, although preferential binding may be envisaged to a site positively coupled with FA1 and FA2, and negatively coupled to FA7. As a whole, these results provide a foundation for the comprehension of the complex network of links modulating HSA-binding properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fanali
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, and Centro di Neuroscienze, Università dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fanali G, Ascenzi P, Fasano M. Effect of prototypic drugs ibuprofen and warfarin on global chaotropic unfolding of human serum heme-albumin: A fast-field-cycling 1H-NMR relaxometric study. Biophys Chem 2007; 129:29-35. [PMID: 17531369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most prominent protein in plasma, but it is also found in tissues and secretions throughout the body. The three-domain design of HSA provides a variety of binding sites for many ligands, including heme and drugs. HSA has been used as a model multidomain protein to investigate how interdomain interactions affect the global folding/unfolding process. Here, we report on the reversible chemical denaturation of heme-HSA involving three different conformational states (F, N, and B, occurring at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0, respectively) and on the effect of prototypic drugs ibuprofen and warfarin on thermodynamics of the reversible unfolding process. Chaotropic unfolding of heme-HSA in the F, N, and B conformations is governed by different thermodynamic regimes, with the B form showing an entropic stabilization of the structure that compensates an enthalpic destabilization, and the F form easily unfolding under entropic control. Warfarin and ibuprofen binding stabilizes heme-HSA in both N and B states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fanali
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, and Centro di Neuroscienze, Università dell'Insubria, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, I-21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ascenzi P, Fasano M. Abacavir modulates peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of ferrous nitrosylated human serum heme–albumin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 353:469-74. [PMID: 17188651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (SA) is best known for its extraordinary ligand-binding capacity. Here, kinetics of peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of SA-heme(II)-NO is reported. Peroxynitrite reacts with SA-heme(II)-NO leading to SA-heme(III) and ()NO by way of the transient SA-heme(III)-NO species. Abacavir facilitates peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of SA-heme(II)-NO, in the absence and presence of CO2. Values of the second order rate constant for peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of SA-heme(II)-NO are (6.5+/-0.9) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) in the absence of CO2 and abacavir, (1.3+/-0.2) x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) in the presence of CO2, (2.2+/-0.2) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) in the presence of abacavir, and (3.6+/-0.3) x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) in the presence of both CO2 and abacavir. The value of the first-order rate constant for *NO dissociation from the SA-heme(III)-NO complex (=(1.8+/-0.3) x 10(-1) s(-1)) is CO2- and abacavir-independent, representing the rate-limiting step. Present data represent the first evidence for the allosteric modulation of SA-heme reactivity by heterotropic interaction(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Antonini G, Bolognesi M, Fasano M. Reductive nitrosylation and peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of heme-hemopexin. FEBS J 2006; 274:551-62. [PMID: 17229156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemopexin (HPX), which serves as a scavenger and transporter of toxic plasma heme, has been postulated to play a key role in the homeostasis of NO. In fact, HPX-heme(II) reversibly binds NO and facilitates NO scavenging by O(2). HPX-heme is formed by two four-bladed beta-propeller domains. The heme is bound between the two beta-propeller domains, residues His213 and His266 coordinate the heme iron atom. HPX-heme displays structural features of heme-proteins endowed with (pseudo-)enzymatic activities. In this study, the kinetics of rabbit HPX-heme(III) reductive nitrosylation and peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of HPX-heme(II)-NO are reported. In the presence of excess NO, HPX-heme(III) is converted to HPX-heme(II)-NO by reductive nitrosylation. The second-order rate constant for HPX-heme(III) reductive nitrosylation is (1.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(1) m(-1).s(-1), at pH 7.0 and 10.0 degrees C. NO binding to HPX-heme(III) is rate limiting. In the absence and presence of CO2 (1.2 x 10(-3) m), excess peroxynitrite reacts with HPX-heme(II)-NO (2.6 x 10(-6) m) leading to HPX-heme(III) and NO, via the transient HPX-heme(III)-NO species. Values of the second-order rate constant for HPX-heme(III)-NO formation are (8.6 +/- 0.8) x 10(4) and (1.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(6) m(-1).s(-1) in the absence and presence of CO2, respectively, at pH 7.0 and 10.0 degrees C. The CO2-independent value of the first-order rate constant for HPX-heme(III)-NO denitrosylation is (4.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-1) s(-1), at pH 7.0 and 10.0 degrees C. HPX-heme(III)-NO denitrosylation is rate limiting. HPX-heme(II)-NO appears to act as an efficient scavenger of peroxynitrite and of strong oxidants and nitrating species following the reaction of peroxynitrite with CO2 (e.g. ONOOC(O)O-, CO3-, and NO2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Biology and Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fasano M, Curry S, Terreno E, Galliano M, Fanali G, Narciso P, Notari S, Ascenzi P. The extraordinary ligand binding properties of human serum albumin. IUBMB Life 2006; 57:787-96. [PMID: 16393781 DOI: 10.1080/15216540500404093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most prominent protein in plasma, binds different classes of ligands at multiple sites. HSA provides a depot for many compounds, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, holds some ligands in a strained orientation providing their metabolic modification, renders potential toxins harmless transporting them to disposal sites, accounts for most of the antioxidant capacity of human serum, and acts as a NO-carrier. The globular domain structural organization of monomeric HSA is at the root of its allosteric properties which are reminiscent of those of multimeric proteins. Here, structural, functional, biotechnological, and biomedical aspects of ligand binding to HSA are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fasano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Center of Neurosciences, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li R, Jiang F, Zhang X, Chen Y, Fang L. Immobilized hemin affinity chromatography as a probe for proteins having potentiality to bind with heme. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 840:63-8. [PMID: 16737855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After Sepharose 4B polymer beads were activated by using epichlorohydrin, hemin was binded with them to prepare an immobilized hemin affinity chromatography column. The coupling rate of this column was very high, more than 0.25mg hemin could be fixed by 1g of wet Sepharose 4B beads. The column equilibrated with deionized water and eluated with pH 3.0 NaAc-HAc buffer was applied to capture the proteins in human serum, earthworm body and Bacillus subtilis cells. Three polypeptides in human serum were captured, one of which was verified as serum albumin after comparison to the control. At least one polypeptide in earthworm body, two in Bacillus subtilis cells displayed the powerful binding specificity to hemin. Our experiments demonstrated that the immobilized hemin affinity chromatography was available as a probe for some proteins having potentiality to bind with heme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renqiang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Jinan University, Shipai, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fasano M, Antonini G, Ascenzi P. O2-mediated oxidation of hemopexin-heme(II)-NO. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:704-12. [PMID: 16696943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemopexin (HPX), serving as scavenger and transporter of toxic plasma heme, has been postulated to play a key role in the homeostasis of NO. Here, kinetics of HPX-heme(II) nitrosylation and O2-mediated oxidation of HPX-heme(II)-NO are reported. NO reacts reversibly with HPX-heme(II) yielding HPX-heme(II)-NO, according to the minimum reaction scheme: HPX-heme(II)+NO kon<-->koff HPX-heme(II)-NO values of kon, koff, and K (=kon/koff) are (6.3+/-0.3)x10(3)M-1s-1, (9.1+/-0.4)x10(-4)s-1, and (6.9+/-0.6)x10(6)M-1, respectively, at pH 7.0 and 10.0 degrees C. O2 reacts with HPX-heme(II)-NO yielding HPX-heme(III) and NO3-, by means of the ferric heme-bound peroxynitrite intermediate (HPX-heme(III)-N(O)OO), according to the minimum reaction scheme: HPX-heme(II)-NO+O2 hon<--> HPX-heme(III)-N(O)OO l-->HPX-heme(III)+NO3- the backward reaction rate is negligible. Values of hon and l are (2.4+/-0.3)x10(1)M-1s-1 and (1.4+/-0.2)x10(-3)s-1, respectively, at pH 7.0 and 10.0 degrees C. The decay of HPX-heme(III)-N(O)OO (i.e., l) is rate limiting. The HPX-heme(III)-N(O)OO intermediate has been characterized by optical absorption spectroscopy in the Soret region (lambdamax=409 nm and epsilon409=1.51x10(5)M-1cm-1). These results, representing the first kinetic evidence for HPX-heme(II) nitrosylation and O2-mediated oxidation of HPX-heme(II)-NO, might be predictive of transient (pseudo-enzymatic) function(s) of heme carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fasano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, I-21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Castaño EM, Roher AE, Esh CL, Kokjohn TA, Beach T. Comparative proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid in neuropathologically-confirmed Alzheimer's disease and non-demented elderly subjects. Neurol Res 2006; 28:155-63. [PMID: 16551433 DOI: 10.1179/016164106x98035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnostic tests able to reveal Alzheimer's disease (AD) in living patients before cognitive ability is destroyed are urgently needed. Such tests must distinguish AD from other dementia causes, as well as differentiate subtle changes associated with normal aging from true pathology emergence. A single biomarker offering such diagnostic and prognostic capacities has eluded identification. Therefore, a valuable test for AD is likely to be based on a specific pattern of change in a set of proteins, rather than a single protein. METHODS We examined pooled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from neuropathologically-confirmed AD (n=43) and non-demented control subjects (n=43) using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) proteomic methodology to detect differentially expressed proteins. Proteins exhibiting expression level differences between the pools were recovered and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. RESULTS Five differentially-expressed proteins with potential roles in amyloid-beta metabolism and vascular and brain physiology [apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1), cathepsin D (CatD), hemopexin (HPX), transthyretin (TTR), and two pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) isoforms] were identified. Apo A-1, CatD and TTR were significantly reduced in the AD pool sample, while HPX and the PEDF isoforms were increased in AD CSF. DISCUSSION These results suggest that multi-factor proteomic pattern analysis of the CSF may provide a means to diagnose and assess AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Castaño
- The Longtine Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona 85351, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Visca P, Altruda F, Tolosano E, Beringhelli T, Fasano M. Hemoglobin and heme scavenging. IUBMB Life 2006; 57:749-59. [PMID: 16511968 DOI: 10.1080/15216540500380871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Release of hemoglobin into plasma is a physiological phenomenon associated with intravascular hemolysis. In plasma, stable haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes are formed and these are subsequently delivered to the reticulo-endothelial system by CD163 receptor-mediated endocytosis. Heme arising from the degradation of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and of enzymes with heme prosthetic groups could be delivered in plasma. Albumin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, and high and low density lipoproteins cooperate to trap the plasma heme, thereby ensuring its complete clearance. Then hemopexin releases the heme into hepatic parenchymal cells only after internalization of the hemopexin-heme complex by CD91 receptor-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, alpha1-microglobulin contributes to heme degradation by a still unknown mechanism, with the concomitant formation of heterogeneous yellow-brown kynurenine-derived chromophores which are very tightly bound to amino acid residues close to the rim of the lipocalin pocket. During hemoglobin synthesis, the erythroid alpha-chain hemoglobin-stabilizing protein specifically binds free alpha-hemoglobin subunits limiting the free protein toxicity. Although highly toxic because capable of catalyzing free radical formation, heme is also a major and readily available source of iron for pathogenic organisms. Gram-negative bacteria pick up the heme-bound iron through the secretion of a hemophore that takes up either free heme or heme bound to heme-proteins and transports it to a specific receptor, which, in turn, releases the heme and hence iron into the bacterium. Here, hemoglobin and heme trapping mechanisms are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Roma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fanali G, Fesce R, Agrati C, Ascenzi P, Fasano M. Allosteric modulation of myristate and Mn(III)heme binding to human serum albumin. Optical and NMR spectroscopy characterization. FEBS J 2005; 272:4672-83. [PMID: 16156788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is best known for its extraordinary ligand binding capacity. HSA has a high affinity for heme and is responsible for the transport of medium and long chain fatty acids. Here, we report myristate binding to the N and B conformational states of Mn(III)heme-HSA (i.e. at pH 7.0 and 10.0, respectively) as investigated by optical absorbance and NMR spectroscopy. At pH 7.0, Mn(III)heme binds to HSA with lower affinity than Fe(III)heme, and displays a water molecule coordinated to the metal. Myristate binding to a secondary site FAx, allosterically coupled to the heme site, not only increases optical absorbance of Mn(III)heme-bound HSA by a factor of approximately three, but also increases the Mn(III)heme affinity for the fatty acid binding site FA1 by 10-500-fold. Cooperative binding appears to occur at FAx and accessory myristate binding sites. The conformational changes of the Mn(III)heme-HSA tertiary structure allosterically induced by myristate are associated with a noticeable change in both optical absorbance and NMR spectroscopic properties of Mn(III)heme-HSA, allowing the Mn(III)-coordinated water molecule to exchange with the solvent bulk. At pH = 10.0 both myristate affinity for FAx and allosteric modulation of FA1 are reduced, whereas cooperation of accessory sites and FAx is almost unaffected. Moreover, Mn(III)heme binds to HSA with higher affinity than at pH 7.0 even in the absence of myristate, and the metal-coordinated water molecule is displaced. As a whole, these results suggest that FA binding promotes conformational changes reminiscent of N to B state HSA transition, and appear of general significance for a deeper understanding of the allosteric modulation of ligand binding properties of HSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fanali
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, and Centro di Neuroscienze, Università dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Bolli A, Fasano M, Notari S, Polticelli F. Allosteric modulation of monomeric proteins*. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 33:169-176. [PMID: 21638571 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.2005.494033032470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Multimeric proteins (e.g. hemoglobin) are considered to be the prototypes of allosteric enzymes, whereas monomeric proteins (e.g. myoglobin) usually are assumed to be nonallosteric. However, the modulation of the functional properties of monomeric proteins by heterotropic allosteric effectors casts doubts on this assumption. Here, the allosteric properties of sperm whale myoglobin, human serum albumin, and human α-thrombin, generally considered as molecular models of monomeric proteins, are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia and Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università "Roma Tre," Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive I.R.C.C.S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani," Via Portuense 292, I-00149 Roma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fasano M, Bocedi A, Mattu M, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. Nitrosylation of rabbit ferrous heme-hemopexin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2004; 9:800-6. [PMID: 15378409 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-004-0598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemopexin (HPX) serves as a trap for toxic plasma heme, ensuring its complete clearance by transportation to the liver. Moreover, HPX-heme has been postulated to play a key role in the homeostasis of nitric oxide (NO). Here, the thermodynamics for NO binding to rabbit ferrous HPX-heme as well as the EPR and optical absorption spectroscopic properties of rabbit ferrous nitrosylated HPX-heme (HPX-heme-NO) are reported. The value of the dissociation equilibrium constant for NO binding to rabbit ferrous HPX-heme (i.e., H) is (1.4+/-0.2)x10(-7) M, at pH 7.0 and 10.0 degrees C; the value of H is unaffected by sodium chloride. At pH 7.0, rabbit ferrous HPX-heme-NO is a six-coordinate heme-iron species, characterized by an X-band EPR spectrum with an axial geometry and by epsilon=146 mM(-1) cm(-1) at 419 nm. At pH 4.0, rabbit ferrous HPX-heme-NO is a five-coordinate heme-iron species, characterized by an X-band EPR spectrum with three-line splitting centered at 334 mT and by epsilon=74 mM(-1) cm(-1) at 387 nm. The p K(a) value of the reversible pH-induced six- to five-coordinate spectroscopic transition is 4.8+/-0.1 in the absence of sodium chloride and 4.3+/-0.1 in the presence of 1.5x10(-1) M sodium chloride. This result is in agreement with the effect of sodium chloride on rabbit HPX-heme stability. The present data have been analyzed in parallel with those of a related heme model compound and heme-protein systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fasano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|