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Lau MJ, Nie S, Ross PA, Endersby-Harshman NM, Hoffmann AA. Long-term impacts of egg quiescence and Wolbachia infection on lipid profiles in Aedes aegypti: Ovarian roles in lipid synthesis during reproduction. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 157:104674. [PMID: 38997103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium, relies on nutrients from its host to complete its life cycle. The presence of Wolbachia strain wAlbB in the mosquito Aedes aegypti during egg or larval stages affects the host's development, leading to the absence of developed and visible ovaries in adult mosquito females. In this study, we investigated the impacts of egg quiescence and Wolbachia infection on lipid profiles of adult Ae. aegypti females, and discerned the role of ovaries in lipid synthesis in the reproductive process. The lipidomes of Wolbachia infected and uninfected female individuals at various developmental stages were quantitatively analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Lipidomic change patterns were systematically further investigated in wAlbB-infected fertile females and infertile females following blood feeding. Prolonged egg quiescence induced a shortage of acyl-carnitine (CAR) and potentially impacted some molecules of diacyl-phospholipid (diacyl-PL) and sphingolipid (SL) in young adult mosquitoes. After the first gonotrophic cycle, infertile females accumulated more CAR and lyso-phospholipid (lyso-PL) than fertile females. Then in the second gonotrophic cycle, the patterns of different lipid groups remained similar between fertile and infertile females. Only a small proportion of molecules of triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (lyso-PL and diacyl-PL) and ceramide (Cer) increased exclusively in fertile females from 0 h to 16 h post blood meal, suggesting that the generation or prescence of these lipids rely on ovaries. In addition, we found cardiolipins (CL) might be impacted by Wolbachia infection at the egg stage, and infected mosquitoes also showed distinct patterns between fertile and infertile females at their second gonotrophic cycle. Our study provides new insights into the long-term influence of Wolbachia on lipid profiles throughout various life stages of mosquitoes. Additionally, it suggests a role played by ovaries in lipid synthesis during mosquito reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jia Lau
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Shuai Nie
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Perran A Ross
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nancy M Endersby-Harshman
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Cham ED, Peng TI, Jou MJ. Pathological Role of High Sugar in Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Stress. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:639. [PMID: 39194577 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
According to many research groups, high glucose induces the overproduction of superoxide anions, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generally being considered the link between high glucose levels and the toxicity seen at cellular levels. Respiratory complex anomalies can lead to the production of ROS. Calcium [Ca2+] at physiological levels serves as a second messenger in many physiological functions. Accordingly, mitochondrial calcium [Ca2+]m overload leads to ROS production, which can be lethal to the mitochondria through various mechanisms. F1F0-ATPase (ATP synthase or complex V) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the final step of oxidative phosphorylation. This is achieved by F1F0-ATPase coupling the translocation of protons in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and shuttling them to the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis to take place. Mitochondrial complex V T8993G mutation specifically blocks the translocation of protons across the intermembrane space, thereby blocking ATP synthesis and, in turn, leading to Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome. This study seeks to explore the possibility of [Ca2+]m overload mediating the pathological roles of high glucose in defective respiratory chain-mediated mitochondrial stress. NARP cybrids are the in vitro experimental models of cells with F1FO-ATPase defects, with these cells harboring 98% of mtDNA T8993G mutations. Their counterparts, 143B osteosarcoma cell lines, are the parental cell lines used for comparison. We observed that NARP cells mediated and enhanced the death of cells (apoptosis) when incubated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and high glucose, as depicted using the MTT assay of cell viability. Furthermore, using fluorescence probe-coupled laser scanning confocal imaging microscopy, NARP cells were found to significantly enable mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation and enhance the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Elucidating the mechanisms of sugar-enhanced toxicity on the mitochondria may, in the future, help to alleviate the symptoms of patients with NARP syndromes and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrima D Cham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Peng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jie Jou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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3
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Kim Y, D'Acunzo P, Levy E. Biogenesis and secretion of mitovesicles, small extracellular vesicles of mitochondrial origin at the crossroads between brain health and disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 40:100765. [PMID: 39219665 PMCID: PMC11364255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the brain, mitochondrial components are released into the extracellular space via several mechanisms, including a recently identified type of extracellular vesicles called mitovesicles. While vesiculation of neuronal mitochondria yields various intracellular types of vesicles, with either a single or a double membrane, mitovesicles secreted into the extracellular space are a unique subtype of these mitochondria-derived vesicles, with a double membrane and a specific set of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Based on the most relevant literature describing mitochondrial vesiculation and mitochondrial exocytosis, we propose a model for their secretion when the amphisome, a hybrid endosome-autophagosome organelle, fuses with the plasma membrane, releasing mitovesicles and exosomes into the extracellular space. In aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, in association with endolysosomal abnormalities, alter mitovesicle number and content, with downstream effect on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Kim
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pasquale D'Acunzo
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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4
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Russo S, De Rasmo D, Rossi R, Signorile A, Lobasso S. SS-31 treatment ameliorates cardiac mitochondrial morphology and defective mitophagy in a murine model of Barth syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13655. [PMID: 38871974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a lethal rare genetic disorder, which results in cardiac dysfunction, severe skeletal muscle weakness, immune issues and growth delay. Mutations in the TAFAZZIN gene, which is responsible for the remodeling of the phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), lead to abnormalities in mitochondrial membrane, including alteration of mature CL acyl composition and the presence of monolysocardiolipin (MLCL). The dramatic increase in the MLCL/CL ratio is the hallmark of patients with BTHS, which is associated with mitochondrial bioenergetics dysfunction and altered membrane ultrastructure. There are currently no specific therapies for BTHS. Here, we showed that cardiac mitochondria isolated from TAFAZZIN knockdown (TazKD) mice presented abnormal ultrastructural membrane morphology, accumulation of vacuoles, pro-fission conditions and defective mitophagy. Interestingly, we found that in vivo treatment of TazKD mice with a CL-targeted small peptide (named SS-31) was able to restore mitochondrial morphology in tafazzin-deficient heart by affecting specific proteins involved in dynamic process and mitophagy. This agrees with our previous data showing an improvement in mitochondrial respiratory efficiency associated with increased supercomplex organization in TazKD mice under the same pharmacological treatment. Taken together our findings confirm the beneficial effect of SS-31 in the amelioration of tafazzin-deficient dysfunctional mitochondria in a BTHS animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Russo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Pl. G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM) , National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Pl. G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Simona Lobasso
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Pl. G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Mohsenizadeh SA, Rajaeinejad M, Khoshfetrat M, Arefizadeh R, Mousavi SH, Mosaed R, Kazemi-Galougahi MH, Jalaeikhoo H, Faridfar A, Nikandish M, Alavi-Moghadam S, Arjmand B. Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Cancer Survivors: Management and Long-Term Implications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38842787 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in personalized treatments, such as anthracycline chemotherapy, coupled with timely diagnoses, have contributed to a decrease in cancer-specific mortality rates and an improvement in cancer prognosis. Anthracyclines, a potent class of antibiotics, are extensively used as anticancer medications to treat a broad spectrum of tumors. Despite these advancements, a considerable number of cancer survivors face increased risks of treatment complications, particularly the cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs like anthracyclines. These effects can range from subclinical manifestations to severe consequences such as irreversible heart failure and death, highlighting the need for effective management of chemotherapy side effects for improved cancer care outcomes. Given the lack of specific treatments, early detection of subclinical cardiac events post-anthracycline therapy and the implementation of preventive strategies are vital. An interdisciplinary approach involving cardiovascular teams is crucial for the prevention and efficient management of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Various factors, such as age, gender, duration of treatment, and comorbidities, should be considered significant risk factors for developing chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. Tools such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, nuclear imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, histopathologic evaluations, and serum biomarkers should be appropriately used for the early detection of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, understanding the underlying biological mechanisms is key to developing preventive measures and personalized treatment strategies to mitigate anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Exploring specific cardiotoxic mechanisms and identifying genetic variations can offer fresh perspectives on innovative, personalized treatments. This chapter aims to discuss cardiomyopathy following anthracycline therapy, with a focus on molecular mechanisms, preventive strategies, and emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Rajaeinejad
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Khoshfetrat
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arefizadeh
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mosaed
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Jalaeikhoo
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Faridfar
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Saukko-Paavola AJ, Klemm RW. Remodelling of mitochondrial function by import of specific lipids at multiple membrane-contact sites. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1274-1291. [PMID: 38311340 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Organelles form physical and functional contact between each other to exchange information, metabolic intermediates, and signaling molecules. Tethering factors and contact site complexes bring partnering organelles into close spatial proximity to establish membrane contact sites (MCSs), which specialize in unique functions like lipid transport or Ca2+ signaling. Here, we discuss how MCSs form dynamic platforms that are important for lipid metabolism. We provide a perspective on how import of specific lipids from the ER and other organelles may contribute to remodeling of mitochondria during nutrient starvation. We speculate that mitochondrial adaptation is achieved by connecting several compartments into a highly dynamic organelle network. The lipid droplet appears to be a central hub in coordinating the function of these organelle neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin W Klemm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
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7
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Zhang B, Li Y, Liu N, Liu B. AP39, a novel mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating the AMPK/UCP2 pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300261. [PMID: 38568919 PMCID: PMC10990198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum, highly effective antitumor agent; however, its cardiotoxicity has greatly limited its use. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous transmitter that exerts cardioprotective effects via the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis and maintenance of mitochondrial function, among other mechanisms. AP39 is a novel mitochondria-targeted H2S donor that, at appropriate concentrations, attenuates intracellular oxidative stress damage, maintains mitochondrial function, and ameliorates cardiomyocyte injury. In this study, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models were established using H9c2 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the protective effect of AP39 and its mechanisms of action. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that DOX induces oxidative stress injury, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes and decreases the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK and UCP2. All DOX-induced changes were attenuated by AP39 treatment. Furthermore, the protective effect of AP39 was significantly attenuated by the inhibition of AMPK and UCP2. The results suggest that AP39 ameliorates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating the expression of AMPK/UCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yangxue Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ning Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
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8
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Peclat TR, Agorrody G, Colman L, Kashyap S, Zeidler JD, Chini CCS, Warner GM, Thompson KL, Dalvi P, Beckedorff F, Ebtehaj S, Herrmann J, van Schooten W, Chini EN. Ecto-CD38-NADase inhibition modulates cardiac metabolism and protects mice against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:286-300. [PMID: 38271281 PMCID: PMC10953800 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin (DXR) is a chemotherapeutic agent that causes dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Recently, it has been proposed that the NADase CD38 may play a role in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). CD38 is the main NAD+-catabolizing enzyme in mammalian tissues. Interestingly, in the heart, CD38 is mostly expressed as an ecto-enzyme that can be targeted by specific inhibitory antibodies. The goal of the present study is to characterize the role of CD38 ecto-enzymatic activity in cardiac metabolism and the development of DIC. METHODS AND RESULTS Using both a transgenic animal model and a non-cytotoxic enzymatic anti-CD38 antibody, we investigated the role of CD38 and its ecto-NADase activity in DIC in pre-clinical models. First, we observed that DIC was prevented in the CD38 catalytically inactive (CD38-CI) transgenic mice. Both left ventricular systolic function and exercise capacity were decreased in wild-type but not in CD38-CI mice treated with DXR. Second, blocking CD38-NADase activity with the specific antibody 68 (Ab68) likewise protected mice against DIC and decreased DXR-related mortality by 50%. A reduction of DXR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency, and inflammation gene expression were identified as the main mechanisms mediating the protective effects. CONCLUSION NAD+-preserving strategies by inactivation of CD38 via a genetic or a pharmacological-based approach improve cardiac energetics and reduce cardiac inflammation and dysfunction otherwise seen in an acute DXR cardiotoxicity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais R Peclat
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Guillermo Agorrody
- Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Colman
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gina M Warner
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Katie L Thompson
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | | | - Felipe Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sanam Ebtehaj
- Division of Ischemic Heart Disease and Critical Care, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Division of Ischemic Heart Disease and Critical Care, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Panov AV. The Structure of the Cardiac Mitochondria Respirasome Is Adapted for the β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2410. [PMID: 38397087 PMCID: PMC10889813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that in the heart and kidney mitochondria, more than 95% of ATP production is supported by the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. However, the β-oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria has been studied much less than the substrates formed during the catabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. In the last few decades, several discoveries have been made that are directly related to fatty acid oxidation. In this review, we made an attempt to re-evaluate the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids from the perspectives of new discoveries. The single set of electron transporters of the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain is organized into three supercomplexes. Two of them contain complex I, a dimer of complex III, and two dimers of complex IV. The third, smaller supercomplex contains a dimer of complex III and two dimers of complex IV. We also considered other important discoveries. First, the enzymes of the β-oxidation of fatty acids are physically associated with the respirasome. Second, the β-oxidation of fatty acids creates the highest level of QH2 and reverses the flow of electrons from QH2 through complex II, reducing fumarate to succinate. Third, β-oxidation is greatly stimulated in the presence of succinate. We argue that the respirasome is uniquely adapted for the β-oxidation of fatty acids. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex reduces the membrane's pool of ubiquinone to QH2, which is instantly oxidized by the smaller supercomplex, generating a high energization of mitochondria and reversing the electron flow through complex II, which reverses the electron flow through complex I, increasing the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the matrix. The mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase catalyzes a hydride (H-, a proton plus two electrons) transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing the cytosolic pool of NADP(H), thus providing the heart with ATP for muscle contraction and energy and reducing equivalents for the housekeeping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Panov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31201, USA
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10
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Pan K, Zhu B, Wang L, Guo Q, Shu-Chien AC, Wu X. Expression pattern of AGPATs isoforms indicate different functions during the triacylglyceride synthesis in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 287:111535. [PMID: 37852318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) acts as a crucial enzyme in the process of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, enabling the acylation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid (PA). In order to decode the distinctive roles of AGPAT isoforms in the TAG production pathway, three AGPAT isoforms were detected for the first time in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Es-agpat2, Es-agpat3, and Es-agpat4). The mRNA levels of Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4 demonstrated a conspicuous presence in the hepatopancreas, with subsequent high levels in the heart, muscle, and thoracic ganglion. On the other hand, the thoracic ganglion exhibited abundant levels of Es-agpat3, while other tissues recorded relatively low expression levels. Observing the molting cycle of E. sinensis, the hepatopancreas showed minimum expression levels of Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4 at stage A/B. A peak at stage C was noted, which was then followed by a gradual drop until stage E. For the ovarian development cycle, stage II witnessed the maximum expression level of Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4, succeeded by a sharp fall in stage III. After this, there was an increasing trend from stage III up to stage V. Expression of Es-agpat3 in the hepatopancreas was consistently lower than Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4 during either the molting or ovarian development. However, in terms of ovarian expression, Es-agpat3 outperformed Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4. It exhibited a steep increase in expression, peaking at stage II and subsequently diminishing. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed that in stages II and IV hepatopancreas, Es-agpat4-mRNA was primarily located in fibrillar cells (F cell) and resorptive cells (R cell), with no signal from Es-agpat3. During stage II of ovarian development, both Es-agpat3-mRNA and Es-agpat4-mRNA were located in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocyte (PRO) and endogenous vitellogenic oocyte (EN), with no expression at stage IV. Additionally, the silencing of Es-agpat2 and Es-agpat4 caused a downward trend in the expression levels of all subsequent genes in the E. sinensis TAG synthesis pathway. To sum up, these findings suggest that the three Es-agpats may have unique functions in TAG synthesis during either the molting process or ovarian maturation of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewu Pan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Boxiang Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Center for Chemical Biology, University Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xugan Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Qiu Y, Jiang P, Huang Y. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: mechanisms, monitoring, and prevention. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1242596. [PMID: 38173817 PMCID: PMC10762801 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1242596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are the most fundamental and important treatment of several cancers especially for lymphoma and breast cancer. However, their use is limited by a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity which may emerge early at the initiation of anthracycline administration or several years after termination of the therapy. A full comprehending of the mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, which has not been achieved and is currently under the efforts, is critical to the advance of developing effective methods to protect against the cardiotoxicity, as well as to early detect and treat it. Therefore, we review the recent progress of the mechanism underlying anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, as well as approaches to monitor and prevent this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Piao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingmei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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12
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Řezanka T, Hršelová H, Kyselová L, Jansa J. Can cardiolipins be used as a biomarker for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi? MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:399-408. [PMID: 37814097 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Specific biomarker molecules are increasingly being used for detection and quantification in plant and soil samples of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, an important and widespread microbial guild heavily implicated in transfers of nutrients and carbon between plants and soils and in the maintenance of soil physico-chemical properties. Yet, concerns have previously been raised as to the validity of a range of previously used approaches (e.g., microscopy, AM-specific fatty acids, sterols, glomalin-like molecules, ribosomal DNA sequences), justifying further research into novel biomarkers for AM fungal abundance and/or functioning. Here, we focused on complex polar lipids contained in pure biomass of Rhizophagus irregularis and in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus), leek (Allium porrum), and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii). The lipids were analyzed by shotgun lipidomics using a high-resolution hybrid mass spectrometer. Size range between 1350 and 1550 Da was chosen for the detection of potential biomarkers among cardiolipins (1,3-bis(sn-3'-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerols), a specific class of phospholipids. The analysis revealed a variety of molecular species, including cardiolipins containing one or two polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 carbon atoms each, i.e., arachidonic and/or eicosapentaenoic acids, some of them apparently specific for the mycorrhizal samples. Although further verification using a greater variety of AM fungal species and samples from various soils/ecosystems/environmental conditions is needed, current results suggest the possibility to identify novel biochemical signatures specific for AM fungi within mycorrhizal roots. Whether they could be used for quantification of both root and soil colonization by the AM fungi merits further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hršelová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, 120 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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13
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Zhang K, Chan V, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. A tail of their own: regulation of cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol fatty acyl profile by the acyltransferase LCLAT1. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1765-1776. [PMID: 37737061 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol along with the latter's phosphorylated derivative phosphoinositides, control a wide range of cellular functions from signal transduction, membrane traffic, mitochondrial function, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell metabolism. An emerging dimension to these lipids is the specificity of their fatty acyl chains that is remarkably distinct from that of other glycerophospholipids. Cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol undergo acyl remodeling involving the sequential actions of phospholipase A to hydrolyze acyl chains and key acyltransferases that re-acylate with specific acyl groups. LCLAT1 (also known as LYCAT, AGPAT8, LPLAT6, or ALCAT1) is an acyltransferase that contributes to specific acyl profiles for phosphatidylinositol, phosphoinositides, and cardiolipin. As such, perturbations of LCLAT1 lead to alterations in cardiolipin-dependent phenomena such as mitochondrial respiration and dynamics and phosphoinositide-dependent processes such as endocytic membrane traffic and receptor signaling. Here we examine the biochemical and cellular actions of LCLAT1, as well as the contribution of this acyltransferase to the development and specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Victoria Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
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14
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Rocca C, Soda T, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Moccia F, Viglietto G, Angelone T, Amodio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 37726810 PMCID: PMC10507834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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15
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Chapa-Dubocq XR, Rodríguez-Graciani KM, Escobales N, Javadov S. Mitochondrial Volume Regulation and Swelling Mechanisms in Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1517. [PMID: 37627512 PMCID: PMC10451443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion, known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, regulates ion homeostasis, redox state, cell proliferation and differentiation, and lipid synthesis. The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) controls mitochondrial metabolism and function. It possesses high levels of proteins that account for ~70% of the membrane mass and are involved in the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, energy transfer, and ion transport, among others. The mitochondrial matrix volume plays a crucial role in IMM remodeling. Several ion transport mechanisms, particularly K+ and Ca2+, regulate matrix volume. Small increases in matrix volume through IMM alterations can activate mitochondrial respiration, whereas excessive swelling can impair the IMM topology and initiates mitochondria-mediated cell death. The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, the well-characterized phenomenon with unknown molecular identity, in low- and high-conductance modes are involved in physiological and pathological increases of matrix volume. Despite extensive studies, the precise mechanisms underlying changes in matrix volume and IMM structural remodeling in response to energy and oxidative stressors remain unknown. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the mechanisms involved in regulating mitochondrial matrix volume, IMM remodeling, and the crosstalk between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA; (X.R.C.-D.); (K.M.R.-G.); (N.E.)
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16
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Nie M, Liu T, Qiu X, Yang J, Liu J, Ren J, Zhou B. Regulation mechanism of lipids for extracellular yellow pigments production by Monascus purpureus BWY-5. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12654-6. [PMID: 37405437 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis and secretion of Monascus pigments are closely related to the integrity of the cell membrane, which determines the composition of lipids and its content in cell membrane. The present study aimed to thoroughly describe the changes of lipid profiling in Monascus purpureus BWY-5, which was screened by carbon ion beam irradiation (12C6+) to almost single yield extracellular Monascus yellow pigments (extra-MYPs), by absolute quantitative lipidomics and tandem mass tags (TMT) based quantitative proteomic. 12C6+ irradiation caused non-lipid oxidation damage to Monascus cell membrane, leading to an imbalance in cell membrane lipid homeostasis. This imbalance was attributed to significant changes not only in the composition but also in the content of lipids in Monascus, especially the inhibition of glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Integrity of plasma membrane was maintained by the increased production of ergosterol, monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol (MGMG) and sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG), while mitochondrial membrane homeostasis was maintained by the increase of cardiolipin production. The growth and extra-MYPs production of Monascus BWY-5 have been regulated by the promotion of sphingolipids (ceramide and sulfatide) biosynthesis. Simultaneous, energy homeostasis may be achieved by increase of TG synthesis and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity. These finding suggest ergosterol, cardiolipin, sphingolipids, MGMG and SQMG play a key facilitating role in cytomembrane lipid homeostasis maintaining for Monascus purpureus BWY-5, and then it is closely related to cell growth and extra-MYPs production. KEY POINTS: 1. Energy homeostasis in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was achieved by increase of TG synthesis and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity. 2. Integrity of plasma membrane in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was maintained by the increased production of ergosterol. 3. Mitochondrial membrane homeostasis in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was maintaed by the increase of cardiolipin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyu Nie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Xunhan Qiu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Jiali Ren
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
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17
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Magistrati M, Gilea AI, Gerra MC, Baruffini E, Dallabona C. Drug Drop Test: How to Quickly Identify Potential Therapeutic Compounds for Mitochondrial Diseases Using Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10696. [PMID: 37445873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) refer to a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by defective mitochondrial function and energy production. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most MDs, and current therapeutic management is limited to relieving symptoms. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been efficiently used as a model organism to study mitochondria-related disorders thanks to its easy manipulation and well-known mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. It has been successfully exploited both to validate alleged pathogenic variants identified in patients and to discover potential beneficial molecules for their treatment. The so-called "drug drop test", a phenotype-based high-throughput screening, especially if coupled with a drug repurposing approach, allows the identification of molecules with high translational potential in a cost-effective and time-saving manner. In addition to drug identification, S. cerevisiae can be used to point out the drug's target or pathway. To date, drug drop tests have been successfully carried out for a variety of disease models, leading to very promising results. The most relevant aspect is that studies on more complex model organisms confirmed the effectiveness of the drugs, strengthening the results obtained in yeast and demonstrating the usefulness of this screening as a novel approach to revealing new therapeutic molecules for MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Magistrati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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18
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Fan D, Jin Z, Cao J, Li Y, He T, Zhang W, Peng L, Liu H, Wu X, Chen M, Fan Y, He B, Yu W, Wang H, Hu X, Lu Z. Leucine zipper protein 1 prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102780. [PMID: 37354826 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Doxorubicin (DOX) is commonly used for chemotherapy; however, its clinical value is extremely dampened because of the fatal cardiotoxicity. Leucine zipper protein 1 (LUZP1) plays critical roles in cardiovascular development, and this study is designed for determining its function and mechanism in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS Cardiac-specific Luzp1 knockout (cKO) and transgenic (cTG) mice received a single or repeated DOX injections to establish acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative damage and cell apoptosis were evaluated. Transcriptome and co-immunoprecipitation analysis were used to screen the underlying molecular pathways. Meanwhile, primary cardiomyocytes were applied to confirm the beneficial effects of LUZP1 in depth. RESULTS LUZP1 was upregulated in DOX-injured hearts and cardiomyocytes. Cardiac-specific LUZP1 deficiency aggravated, while cardiac-specific LUZP1 overexpression attenuated DOX-associated inflammation, oxidative damage, cell apoptosis and acute cardiac injury. Mechanistic studies revealed that LUZP1 ameliorated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through activating 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and AMPK deficiency abolished the cardioprotection of LUZP1. Further findings suggested that LUZP1 interacted with protein phosphatase 1 to activate AMPK pathway. Moreover, we determined that cardiac-specific LUZP1 overexpression could also attenuate DOX-associated chronic cardiac injury in mice. CONCLUSION LUZP1 attenuates DOX-induced inflammation, oxidative damage, cell apoptosis and ventricular impairment through regulating AMPK pathway, and gene therapy targeting LUZP1 may provide novel therapeutic approached to treat DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhili Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jianlei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Huixia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yongzhen Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Jang S, Javadov S. Unraveling the mechanisms of cardiolipin function: The role of oxidative polymerization of unsaturated acyl chains. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102774. [PMID: 37300954 PMCID: PMC10363451 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) as well as in bacteria. It performs several vital functions such as resisting osmotic rupture and stabilizing the supramolecular structure of large membrane proteins, like ATP synthases and respirasomes. The process of cardiolipin biosynthesis results in the production of immature cardiolipin. A subsequent step is required for its maturation when its acyl groups are replaced with unsaturated acyl chains, primarily linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is the major fatty acid of cardiolipin across all organs and tissues, except for the brain. Linoleic acid is not synthesized by mammalian cells. It has the unique ability to undergo oxidative polymerization at a moderately accelerated rate compared to other unsaturated fatty acids. This property can enable cardiolipin to form covalently bonded net-like structures essential for maintaining the complex geometry of the IMM and gluing the quaternary structure of large IMM protein complexes. Unlike triglycerides, phospholipids possess only two covalently linked acyl chains, which constrain their capacity to develop robust and complicated structures through oxidative polymerization of unsaturated acyl chains. Cardiolipin, on the other hand, has four fatty acids at its disposal to form covalently bonded polymer structures. Despite its significance, the oxidative polymerization of cardiolipin has been overlooked due to the negative perception surrounding biological oxidation and methodological difficulties. Here, we discuss an intriguing hypothesis that oxidative polymerization of cardiolipin is essential for the structure and function of cardiolipin in the IMM in physiological conditions. In addition, we highlight current challenges associated with the identification and characterization of oxidative polymerization of cardiolipin in vivo. Altogether, the study provides a better understanding of the structural and functional role of cardiolipin in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA.
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20
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Hou X, Zhang R, Yang M, Niu N, Wu J, Shu Z, Zhang P, Shi L, Zhao F, Wang L, Wang L, Zhang L. Metabolomics and lipidomics profiles related to intramuscular fat content and flavor precursors between Laiwu and Yorkshire pigs. Food Chem 2023; 404:134699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Chaves-Filho AB, Peixoto AS, Castro É, Oliveira TE, Perandini LA, Moreira RJ, da Silva RP, da Silva BP, Moretti EH, Steiner AA, Miyamoto S, Yoshinaga MY, Festuccia WT. Futile cycle of β-oxidation and de novo lipogenesis are associated with essential fatty acids depletion in lipoatrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159264. [PMID: 36535597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Total absence of adipose tissue (lipoatrophy) is associated with the development of severe metabolic disorders including hepatomegaly and fatty liver. Here, we sought to investigate the impact of severe lipoatrophy induced by deletion of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) exclusively in adipocytes on lipid metabolism in mice. Untargeted lipidomics of plasma, gastrocnemius and liver uncovered a systemic depletion of the essential linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic (ALA) fatty acids from several lipid classes (storage lipids, glycerophospholipids, free fatty acids) in lipoatrophic mice. Our data revealed that such essential fatty acid depletion was linked to increased: 1) capacity for liver mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), 2) citrate synthase activity and coenzyme Q content in the liver, 3) whole-body oxygen consumption and reduced respiratory exchange rate in the dark period, and 4) de novo lipogenesis and carbon flux in the TCA cycle. The key role of de novo lipogenesis in hepatic steatosis was evidenced by an accumulation of stearic, oleic, sapienic and mead acids in liver. Our results thus indicate that the simultaneous activation of the antagonic processes FAO and de novo lipogenesis in liver may create a futile metabolic cycle leading to a preferential depletion of LA and ALA. Noteworthy, this previously unrecognized cycle may also explain the increased energy expenditure displayed by lipoatrophic mice, adding a new piece to the metabolic regulation puzzle in lipoatrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil.
| | - Albert S Peixoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil
| | - Érique Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil
| | - Tiago E Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Perandini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil
| | - Rafael J Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil
| | - Railmara P da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz P da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H Moretti
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil.
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508900, Brazil.
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22
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Membrane Interactions of Apoptotic Inhibitor Bcl-xL: What Can Be Learned using Fluorescence Spectroscopy. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100076. [PMID: 37082264 PMCID: PMC10074936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane-a point of no return in apoptotic regulation-is tightly controlled by proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Apoptotic inhibitor Bcl-xL is an important member of this family, responsible for blocking the permeabilization, and is also a promising target for anti-cancer drugs. Bcl-xL exists in the following conformations, each believed to play a role in the inhibition of apoptosis: (i) a soluble folded conformation, (ii) a membrane-anchored (by its C-terminal α8 helix) form, which retains the same fold as in solution and (iii) refolded membrane-inserted conformations, for which no structural data are available. In this review, we present the summary of the application of various methods of fluorescence spectroscopy for studying membrane interaction of Bcl-xL, and specifically the formation of the refolded inserted conformation. We discuss the application of environment-sensitive probes, Förster resonance energy transfer, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and fluorescent quenching for structural, thermodynamic, and functional characterization of protein-lipid interactions, which can benefit studies of other members of Bcl-2 (e.g., Bax, BAK, Bid). The conformational switching between various conformations of Bcl-xL depends on the presence of divalent cations, pH and lipid composition. This insertion-refolding transition also results in the release of the BH4 regulatory domain from the folded structure of Bcl-xL, which is relevant to the lipid-regulated conversion between canonical and non-canonical modes of apoptotic inhibition.
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23
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Q-lipid-containing membranes show high in-plane conductivity using a membrane-on-a-chip setup. iScience 2022; 26:105918. [PMID: 36711244 PMCID: PMC9874011 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-driven reactions of photosynthesis as well as the mitochondrial power supply are located in specialized membranes containing a high fraction of redox-active lipids. In-plane charge transfer along such cell membranes is currently thought to be facilitated by the diffusion of redox lipids and proteins. Using a membrane on-a-chip setup, we show here that redox-active model membranes can sustain surprisingly high currents (mA) in-plane at distances of 25 μm. We also show the same phenomenon in free-standing monolayers at the air-water interface once the film is compressed such that the distance between redox centers is below 1 nm. Our data suggest that charge transfer within cell walls hosting electron transfer chains could be enabled by the coupling of redox-lipids via simultaneous electron and proton in-plane hopping, similar to conductive polymers. This has major implications for our understanding of the role of lipid membranes, suggesting that Q-lipid-containing membranes may be essential for evolving the complex redox machineries of life.
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24
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Xiahou Z, Han J. Effects of dehydroabietic acid on nontarget lipidomics and proteomics of HepG2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015240. [PMID: 36532744 PMCID: PMC9751438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Studies of the effects of dehydroabietic acid on the multiomics of HepG2 hepatoma carcinoma cells are currently lacking. In this study, the molecular mechanism of the influence of dehydroabietic acid on HepG2 cells was disclosed by studying lipidomics and proteomics. Correlations among multiomics conjoint analysis results were verified. Methods: First, proteomics analysis of HepG2 cells was carried out using dehydroabietic acid. Differentially expressed proteins were screened and analyzed. Pathway enrichment analyses of differential proteins were compared, and the molecular mechanism was disclosed. Second, lipidomics analysis of HepG2 cells was conducted using dehydroabietic acid. The influence of dehydroabietic acid on HepG2 cells was determined on the lipid molecular level. Finally, a conjoint analysis of data related to differentially expressed proteins of ferroptosis and differentially changing lipid molecules was implemented. Results: A total of 260 upregulated and 961 downregulated proteins were screened in the proteomics analysis. The top five significantly enriched pathways included ferroptosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the lipidomics analysis, 30 significantly differential metabolites with upregulated and downregulated expression were identified, and differentially expressed lipids were mainly related to the metabolism of glyceryl phosphatide. According to the comprehensive multiomics analysis results, real-time quantitative PCR and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ACSL3 participated in cardiolipin metabolism. Conclusion: Dehydroabietic acid influences HepG2 cells through the above biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Xiahou
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- Beijing Tcmages Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Kangrentang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Beijing, China
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25
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Russo S, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Corcelli A, Lobasso S. Beneficial effects of SS-31 peptide on cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in tafazzin knockdown mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19847. [PMID: 36400945 PMCID: PMC9674582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS), a genetic disease associated with early-onset cardioskeletal myopathy, is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the TAFAZZIN gene, which is responsible for remodeling the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). Deregulation of CL biosynthesis and maturation in BTHS mitochondria result in a dramatically increased monolysocardiolipin (MLCL)/CL ratio associated with bioenergetic dysfunction. One of the most promising therapeutic approaches for BTHS includes the mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide SS-31, which interacts with CL. Here, we used TAFAZZIN knockdown (TazKD) mice to investigate for the first time whether in vivo administration of SS-31 could affect phospholipid profiles and mitochondrial dysfunction. The CL fingerprinting of TazKD cardiac mitochondria obtained by MALDI-TOF/MS revealed the typical lipid changes associated with BTHS. TazKD mitochondria showed lower respiratory rates in state 3 and 4 together with a decreased in maximal respiratory rates. Treatment of TazKD mice with SS-31 improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity and promoted supercomplex organization, without affecting the MLCL/CL ratio. We hypothesize that SS-31 exerts its effect by influencing the function of the respiratory chain rather than affecting CL directly. In conclusion, our results indicate that SS-31 have beneficial effects on improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in a BTHS animal model, suggesting the peptide as future pharmacologic agent for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Russo
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- grid.503043.1CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Corcelli
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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26
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Fahmi A, Abdur-Rahman M, Mahareek O, shemis MA. Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded polycaprolactone nanocapsules as controlled anti-hepatocellular carcinoma drug release system. BMC Chem 2022; 16:95. [DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Free doxorubicin (Dox) is used as a chemotherapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it results in cardiotoxicty as a major side effect. Hence, a controlled Dox drug delivery system is extremely demanded.
Methods
Dox was loaded into the non-toxic biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocapsules using the double emulsion method. Characterization of Dox-PCL nanocapsules was done using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity were quantified using UV–visible spectrophotometry. Drug release was investigated in vitro at both normal (7.4) and cancer (4.8) pHs. Cytotoxicity of Dox-PCL nanocapsules against free Dox was evaluated using the MTT test on normal (Vero) and hepatic cancer (HepG2) cell lines.
Results
Spherical nanocapsules (212 ± 2 nm) were succeffully prepared with a zeta potential of (-22.3 ± 2 mv) and a polydisperse index of (0.019 ± 0.01) with a narrow size distribution pattern. The encapsulation efficiency was (73.15 ± 4%) with a drug loading capacity of (16.88 ± 2%). Importantlly, Dox-release from nanocapsules was faster at cancer pH (98%) than at physiological pH (26%). Moreover, although Dox-PCL nanocapsules were less toxic on the normal cell line (GI 50 = 17.99 ± 8.62 µg/ml) than free Dox (GI 50 = 16.53 ± 1.06 µg/ml), the encapsulated Dox showed higher toxic effect on cancer HepG2 cells compared to that caused by the free drug (GI 50 = 2.46 ± 0.49 and 4.22 ± 0.04 µg/ml, respectively).
Conclusion
The constructed Dox-PCL nanocapsules constitute a potentially controlled anti-HCC therapy with minimal systemic exposure.
Graphical Abstract
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27
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. SIRT1 activation and its effect on intercalated disc proteins as a way to reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035387. [PMID: 36408244 PMCID: PMC9672938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the neoplasm is one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality worldwide. At the same time, application of cytostatic drugs like an independent type of cancer treatment and in combination with surgical methods, is often associated with the development of cardiovascular complications both in the early and in the delayed period of treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most commonly used cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic. DOX can cause both acute and delayed side effects. The problem is still not solved, as evidenced by the continued activity of researchers in terms of developing approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. It is known, the heart muscle consists of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discs (ID), which ensure the structural, electrical, metabolic unity of the heart. Various defects in the ID proteins can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases of various etiologies, including DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The search for ways to influence the functioning of ID proteins of the cardiac muscle can become the basis for the creation of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment and prevention of cardiac pathologies. SIRT1 may be an interesting cardioprotective variant due to its wide functional significance. SIRT1 activation triggers nuclear transcription programs that increase the efficiency of cellular, mitochondrial metabolism, increases resistance to oxidative stress, and promotes cell survival. It can be assumed that SIRT1 can not only provide a protective effect at the cardiomyocytes level, leading to an improvement in mitochondrial and metabolic functions, reducing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, but also have a protective effect on the functioning of IDs structures of the cardiac muscle.
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28
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Becker YLC, Duvvuri B, Fortin PR, Lood C, Boilard E. The role of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:621-640. [PMID: 36175664 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an intracellular organelle thought to originate from endosymbiosis between an ancestral eukaryotic cell and an α-proteobacterium. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and can control several important processes within the cell, such as cell death. Conversely, dysregulation of mitochondria possibly contributes to the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases. Defects in mitochondria can be caused by mutations in the mitochondrial genome or by chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, including type I interferons. Following the release of intact mitochondria or mitochondrial components into the cytosol or the extracellular space, the bacteria-like molecular motifs of mitochondria can elicit pro-inflammatory responses by the innate immune system. Moreover, antibodies can target mitochondria in autoimmune diseases, suggesting an interplay between the adaptive immune system and mitochondria. In this Review, we discuss the roles of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. An understanding of the different contributions of mitochondria to distinct rheumatic diseases or manifestations could permit the development of novel therapeutic strategies and the use of mitochondria-derived biomarkers to inform pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann L C Becker
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite-Arthrite, Recherche et Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Bhargavi Duvvuri
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite-Arthrite, Recherche et Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, QC, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Lood
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite-Arthrite, Recherche et Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Guérin A, Angebault C, Kinet S, Cazevieille C, Rojo M, Fauconnier J, Lacampagne A, Mourier A, Taylor N, de Santa Barbara P, Faure S. LIX1-mediated changes in mitochondrial metabolism control the fate of digestive mesenchyme-derived cells. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102431. [PMID: 35988446 PMCID: PMC9420520 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP1 and TAZ are transcriptional co-activator proteins that play fundamental roles in many biological processes, from cell proliferation and cell lineage fate determination to tumorigenesis. We previously demonstrated that Limb Expression 1 (LIX1) regulates YAP1 and TAZ activity and controls digestive mesenchymal progenitor proliferation. However, LIX1 mode of action remains elusive. Here, we found that endogenous LIX1 is localized in mitochondria and is anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane through S-palmitoylation of cysteine 84, a residue conserved in all LIX1 orthologs. LIX1 downregulation altered the mitochondrial ultrastructure, resulting in a significantly decreased respiration and attenuated production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Mechanistically, LIX1 knock-down impaired the stability of the mitochondrial proteins PHB2 and OPA1 that are found in complexes with mitochondrial-specific phospholipids and are required for cristae organization. Supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids counteracted the effects of LIX1 knock-down on mitochondrial morphology and ultrastructure and restored YAP1/TAZ signaling. Collectively, our data demonstrate that LIX1 is a key regulator of cristae organization, modulating mtROS level and subsequently regulating the signaling cascades that control fate commitment of digestive mesenchyme-derived cells. LIX1 is tightly anchored to the outer membrane of mitochondria. LIX1 mitochondrial localization is mediated by S-palmitoylation on cysteine 84. LIX1 knock-down reduces the stability of the mitochondrial proteins PHB2 and OPA1 and impairs cristae organization. Redox signaling modulations regulate YAP1/TAZ activity and control fate commitment of digestive mesenchyme-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérin
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Angebault
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Cazevieille
- Institut de Neurosciences de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuel Rojo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR, 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR, 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faure
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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30
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Noninvasive Diagnosis of the Mitochondrial Function of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy Using In Vivo Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081454. [PMID: 35892655 PMCID: PMC9331045 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) induces dose-dependent cardiotoxicity via oxidative stress and abnormal mitochondrial function in the myocardium. Therefore, a noninvasive in vivo imaging procedure for monitoring the redox status of the heart may aid in monitoring diseases and developing treatments. However, an appropriate technique has yet to be developed. In this study, we demonstrate a technique for detecting and visualizing the redox status of the heart using in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization–magnetic resonance imaging (DNP–MRI) with 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL (CmP) as a molecular imaging probe. Male C57BL/6N mice were administered DOX (20 mg/kg) or saline. DNP–MRI clearly showed a slower DNP signal reduction in the DOX group than in the control group. Importantly, the difference in the DNP signal reduction rate between the two groups occurred earlier than that detected by physiological examination or clinical symptoms. In an in vitro experiment, KCN (an inhibitor of complex IV in the mitochondrial electron transport chain) and DOX inhibited the electron paramagnetic resonance change in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the redox metabolism of CmP in the myocardium is mitochondrion-dependent. Therefore, this molecular imaging technique has the potential to monitor the dynamics of redox metabolic changes in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy and facilitate an early diagnosis of this condition.
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31
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Liu X, Zhang J, Li J, Song C, Shi Y. Pharmacological Inhibition of ALCAT1 Mitigates Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Attenuating SOD1 Protein Aggregation. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101536. [PMID: 35772643 PMCID: PMC9287437 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mutations in the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by motor neurons death and severe skeletal muscle degeneration. However, there is no effective treatment for this debilitating disease, since the underlying cause for the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated a role of acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 (ALCAT1), an acyltransferase that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases by catalyzing pathological remodeling of cardiolipin, in promoting the development of ALS in the SOD1G93A transgenic mice. Methods Using SOD1G93A transgenic mice with targeted deletion of the ALCAT1 gene and treated with Dafaglitapin (Dafa), a very potent and highly selective ALCAT1 inhibitor, we determined whether ablation or pharmaceutical inhibition of ALCAT1 by Dafa would mitigate ALS and the underlying pathogenesis by preventing pathological remodeling of cardiolipin, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction by multiple approaches, including lifespan analysis, behavioral tests, morphological and functional analysis of skeletal muscle, electron microscopic and Seahorse analysis of mitochondrial morphology and respiration, western blot analysis of the SOD1G93A protein aggregation, and lipidomic analysis of cardiolipin content and acyl composition in mice spinal cord. Results ALCAT1 protein expression is potently upregulated in the skeletal muscle of the SOD1G93A mice. Consequently, ablation or pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 by Dafa attenuates motor neuron dysfunction, neuronal inflammation, and skeletal muscle atrophy in SOD1G93A mice by preventing SOD1G93A protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and pathological CL remodeling, leading to moderate extension of lifespan in the SOD1G93A transgenic mice. Conclusions ALCAT1 promotes the development of ALS by linking SOD1G93A protein aggregation to mitochondrial dysfunction, implicating Dafa as a potential treatment for this debilitating disorder. ALCAT1 is potently upregulated in the skeletal muscle of SOD1G93A mice, a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Upregulated ALCAT1 promotes SOD1G93A protein aggregation through oxidative stress and pathological cardiolipin remodeling. Inactivation of ALCAT1 attenuates neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and extends the lifespan of SOD1G93A mice. Targeting ALCAT1 as a potential strategy for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjie Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Zhang J, Shi Y. In Search of the Holy Grail: Toward a Unified Hypothesis on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121906. [PMID: 35741033 PMCID: PMC9221202 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial dynamics, membrane structure, oxidative phosphorylation, mtDNA bioenergetics, and mitophagy. The depletion or abnormal acyl composition of CL causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of aging and age-related disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction causes age-related diseases remain poorly understood. Recent development in the field has identified acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 (ALCAT1), an acyltransferase upregulated by oxidative stress, as a key enzyme that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases. ALCAT1 catalyzes CL remodeling with very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Enrichment of DHA renders CL highly sensitive to oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidized CL becomes a new source of ROS in the form of lipid peroxides, leading to a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, CL depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Consequently, ablation or the pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 have been shown to mitigate obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, fatty liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The findings suggest that age-related disorders are one disease (aging) manifested by different mitochondrion-sensitive tissues, and therefore should be treated as one disease. This review will discuss a unified hypothesis on CL remodeling by ALCAT1 as the common denominator of mitochondrial dysfunction, linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-210-450-1363; Fax: +1-210-562-6150
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Hu X, Li C, Wang Q, Wei Z, Chen T, Wang Y, Li Y. Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity By Activating the Nrf2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872057. [PMID: 35559248 PMCID: PMC9089305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited in clinical application because of its cardiotoxicity. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are crucial in DOX-induced cardiac injury. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an FDA-approved oral drug with powerful effects to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis through the Nrf2 pathway. This study was aimed to determine whether DMF can protect against DOX-induced cardiac injury. We used both neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) in vitro and DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in vivo to explore the effects of DMF. The results showed that DMF significantly improved cell viability and morphology in NRCMs. In addition, DMF alleviated DOX-induced cardiac injury in rats, as evidenced by decreased CK-MB, LDH levels, improved survival rates, cardiac function, and pathological changes. Moreover, DMF significantly inhibited cardiac oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels and increasing GSH, SOD, and GSH-px levels. And DMF also inhibited DOX-induced cardiac apoptosis by modulating Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Moreover, DMF exerted its protective effects against DOX by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which activated its downstream antioxidant gene Hmox1. Silencing of Nrf2 attenuated the protective effects of DMF in NRCMs as manifested by increased intracellular oxidative stress, elevated apoptosis levels, and decreased cell viability. In addition, DMF showed no protective effects on the viability of DOX-treated tumor cells, which suggested that DMF does not interfere with the antitumor effect of DOX in vitro. In conclusion, our data confirmed that DMF alleviated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis through the Nrf2 pathway. DMF may serve as a new candidate to alleviate DOX-related cardiotoxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Taizhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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The effects of cardiolipin on the structural dynamics of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in its cytosol-open state. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100227. [PMID: 35569528 PMCID: PMC9189224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ren M, Xu Y, Phoon CKL, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Rajan S, Hussain MM, Schlame M. Condensed Mitochondria Assemble Into the Acrosomal Matrix During Spermiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867175. [PMID: 35531097 PMCID: PMC9068883 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is associated with the transient appearance of condensed mitochondria, a singularity of germ cells with unknown function. Using proteomic analysis, respirometry, and electron microscopy with tomography, we studied the development of condensed mitochondria. Condensed mitochondria arose from orthodox mitochondria during meiosis by progressive contraction of the matrix space, which was accompanied by an initial expansion and a subsequent reduction of the surface area of the inner membrane. Compared to orthodox mitochondria, condensed mitochondria respired more actively, had a higher concentration of respiratory enzymes and supercomplexes, and contained more proteins involved in protein import and expression. After the completion of meiosis, the abundance of condensed mitochondria declined, which coincided with the onset of the biogenesis of acrosomes. Immuno-electron microscopy and the analysis of sub-cellular fractions suggested that condensed mitochondria or their fragments were translocated into the lumen of the acrosome. Thus, it seems condensed mitochondria are formed from orthodox mitochondria by extensive transformations in order to support the formation of the acrosomal matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindong Ren
- Departments of Anesthesiology, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yang Xu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY, United States
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas A. Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY, United States
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Michael Schlame
- Departments of Anesthesiology, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY, United States
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Pang J, Bao Y, Mitchell-Silbaugh K, Veevers J, Fang X. Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040656. [PMID: 35456462 PMCID: PMC9030331 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN (TAZ) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial acyltransferase/transacylase required for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature of BTHS. During the past four decades, we have witnessed many landmark discoveries that have led to a greater understanding of clinical features of BTHS cardiomyopathy and their molecular basis, as well as the therapeutic targets for this disease. Recently published Taz knockout mouse models provide useful experimental models for studying BTHS cardiomyopathy and testing potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize key findings of the clinical features, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches for BTHS cardiomyopathy, with particular emphasis on the most recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yutong Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kalia Mitchell-Silbaugh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-246-4637
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Chu I, Chen YC, Lai RY, Chan JF, Lee YH, Balazova M, Hsu YHH. Phosphatidylglycerol Supplementation Alters Mitochondrial Morphology and Cardiolipin Composition. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040383. [PMID: 35448353 PMCID: PMC9028734 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic variant of the TAZ gene is directly associated with Barth syndrome. Because tafazzin in the mitochondria is responsible for cardiolipin (CL) remodeling, all molecules related to the metabolism of CL can affect or be affected by TAZ mutation. In this study, we intend to recover the distortion of the mitochondrial lipid composition, especially CL, for Barth syndrome treatment. The genetically edited TAZ knockout HAP1 cells were demonstrated to be a suitable cellular model, where CL desaturation occurred and monolyso-CL (MLCL) was accumulated. From the species analysis by mass spectrometry, phosphatidylethanolamine showed changed species content after TAZ knockout. TAZ knockout also caused genetic down-regulation of PGS gene and up-regulation of PNPLA8 gene, which may decrease the biosynthesis of CLs and increase the hydrolysis product MLCL. Supplemented phosphatidylglycerol(18:1)2 (PG(18:1)2) was successfully biosynthesized to mature symmetrical CL and drastically decrease the concentration of MLCL to recover the morphology of mitochondria and the cristae shape of inner mitochondria. Newly synthesized mature CL may induce the down-regulation of PLA2G6 and PNPLA8 genes to potentially decrease MLCL production. The excess supplemented PG was further metabolized into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (I.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (R.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Ying-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (I.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (R.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Ruo-Yun Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (I.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (R.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Jui-Fen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (I.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (R.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Ya-Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (I.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (R.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Maria Balazova
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan; (I.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (R.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-23590121 (ext. 32230); Fax: +886-4-23590426
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San-Millan I, Sparagna GC, Chapman HL, Warkins VL, Chatfield KC, Shuff SR, Martinez JL, Brooks GA. Chronic Lactate Exposure Decreases Mitochondrial Function by Inhibition of Fatty Acid Uptake and Cardiolipin Alterations in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:809485. [PMID: 35308271 PMCID: PMC8931465 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.809485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lactate is an important signaling molecule with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine properties involved in multiple biological processes including regulation of gene expression and metabolism. Levels of lactate are increased chronically in diseases associated with cardiometabolic disease such as heart failure, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Using neonatal ventricular myocytes, we tested the hypothesis that chronic lactate exposure could decrease the activity of cardiac mitochondria that could lead to metabolic inflexibility in the heart and other tissues. Methods Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were treated for 48 h with 5, 10, or 20 mM lactate and CPT I and II activities were tested using radiolabelled assays. The molecular species profile of the major mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin, was determined using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels measured by Amplex Red and mitochondrial oxygen consumption using the Seahorse analyzer. Results CPT I activity trended downward (p = 0.07) and CPT II activity significantly decreased with lactate exposure (p < 0.001). Cardiolipin molecular species containing four 18 carbon chains (72 carbons total) increased with lactate exposure, but species of other sizes decreased significantly. Furthermore, ROS production was strongly enhanced with lactate (p < 0.001) and mitochondrial ATP production and maximal respiration were both significantly down regulated with lactate exposure (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). Conclusions Chronic lactate exposure in cardiomyocytes leads to a decrease in fatty acid transport, alterations of cardiolipin remodeling, increases in ROS production and decreases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption that could have implications for both metabolic health and flexibility. The possibility that both intra-, or extracellular lactate levels play roles in cardiometabolic disease, heart failure, and other forms of metabolic inflexibility needs to be assessed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millan
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Genevieve C. Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hailey L. Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Valerie L. Warkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kathryn C. Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sydney R. Shuff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Janel L. Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - George A. Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Mitochondrial Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040637. [PMID: 35203288 PMCID: PMC8870525 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles, which generate energy as heat and ATP, the universal energy currency of the cell. This process is carried out by coupling electron stripping through oxidation of nutrient substrates with the formation of a proton-based electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Controlled dissipation of the gradient can lead to production of heat as well as ATP, via ADP phosphorylation. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation, and is carried out by four multiheteromeric complexes (from I to IV) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, carrying out the electron flow whose energy is stored as a proton-based electrochemical gradient. This gradient sustains a second reaction, operated by the mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, which condensates ADP and Pi into ATP. Four complexes (CI, CIII, CIV, and CV) are composed of proteins encoded by genes present in two separate compartments: the nuclear genome and a small circular DNA found in mitochondria themselves, and are termed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mutations striking either genome can lead to mitochondrial impairment, determining infantile, childhood or adult neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial disorders are complex neurological syndromes, and are often part of a multisystem disorder. In this paper, we divide the diseases into those caused by mtDNA defects and those that are due to mutations involving nuclear genes; from a clinical point of view, we discuss pediatric disorders in comparison to juvenile or adult-onset conditions. The complementary genetic contributions controlling organellar function and the complexity of the biochemical pathways present in the mitochondria justify the extreme genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of this new area of inborn errors of metabolism known as ‘mitochondrial medicine’.
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Han X, Gross RW. The foundations and development of lipidomics. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100164. [PMID: 34953866 PMCID: PMC8953652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, the importance of lipid metabolism in biology was recognized but difficult to mechanistically understand due to the lack of sensitive and robust technologies for identification and quantification of lipid molecular species. The enabling technological breakthroughs emerged in the 1980s with the development of soft ionization methods (Electrospray Ionization and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) that could identify and quantify intact individual lipid molecular species. These soft ionization technologies laid the foundations for what was to be later named the field of lipidomics. Further innovative advances in multistage fragmentation, dramatic improvements in resolution and mass accuracy, and multiplexed sample analysis fueled the early growth of lipidomics through the early 1990s. The field exponentially grew through the use of a variety of strategic approaches, which included direct infusion, chromatographic separation, and charge-switch derivatization, which facilitated access to the low abundance species of the lipidome. In this Thematic Review, we provide a broad perspective of the foundations, enabling advances, and predicted future directions of growth of the lipidomics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Departments of Medicine - Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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ost in promiscuity? An evolutionary and biochemical evaluation of HSD10 function in cardiolipin metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:562. [PMID: 36271951 PMCID: PMC9587951 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional proteins are challenging as it can be difficult to confirm pathomechanisms associated with disease-causing genetic variants. The human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) is a moonlighting enzyme with at least two structurally and catalytically unrelated functions. HSD10 disease was originally described as a disorder of isoleucine metabolism, but the clinical manifestations were subsequently shown to be linked to impaired mtDNA transcript processing due to deficient function of HSD10 in the mtRNase P complex. A surprisingly large number of other, mostly enzymatic and potentially clinically relevant functions have been attributed to HSD10. Recently, HSD10 was reported to exhibit phospholipase C-like activity towards cardiolipins (CL), important mitochondrial phospholipids. To assess the physiological role of the proposed CL-cleaving function, we studied CL architectures in living cells and patient fibroblasts in different genetic backgrounds and lipid environments using our well-established LC-MS/MS cardiolipidomic pipeline. These experiments revealed no measurable effect on CLs, indicating that HSD10 does not have a physiologically relevant function towards CL metabolism. Evolutionary constraints could explain the broad range of reported substrates for HSD10 in vitro. The combination of an essential structural with a non-essential enzymatic function in the same protein could direct the evolutionary trajectory towards improvement of the former, thereby increasing the flexibility of the binding pocket, which is consistent with the results presented here.
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Xu Y, Phoon CKL, Ren M, Schlame M. A simple mechanistic explanation for Barth syndrome and cardiolipin remodeling. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:51-59. [PMID: 34611930 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a multisystem disorder caused by an abnormal metabolism of the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin. In this review, we discuss physical properties, biosynthesis, membrane assembly, and function of cardiolipin. We hypothesize that cardiolipin reduces packing stress in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which arises as a result of protein crowding. According to this hypothesis, patients with Barth syndrome are unable to meet peak energy demands because they fail to concentrate the proteins of oxidative phosphorylation to a high surface density in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin K L Phoon
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mindong Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Ji J, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin function in the yeast S. cerevisiae and the lessons learned for Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:60-71. [PMID: 34626131 PMCID: PMC8755574 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid (PL) of mitochondria and plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial and cellular function. Disruption of the CL remodeling gene tafazzin (TAZ) causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS). Our current understanding of the function of CL and the mechanism underlying the disease has greatly benefited from studies utilizing the powerful yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we discuss important findings on the function of CL and its remodeling from yeast studies and the implications of these findings for BTHS, highlighting the potential physiological modifiers that may contribute to the disparities in clinical presentation among BTHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Wang C, Yuan J, Du J. Resveratrol alleviates acute lung injury through regulating PLSCR-3-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in a cecal ligation and puncture model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174643. [PMID: 34808102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is considered as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated response of the host to an infection. Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition, and is the type of organ injury that is most commonly induced by sepsis. Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to exert a wide range of therapeutic effects due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate whether RSV could mitigate sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS, and also to unravel the underlying mechanism. The model of sepsis was established by applying the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method, and mitochondria from the lung tissue were isolated to assess mitochondrial function, as determined from measuring mitochondrial superoxide production using MitoSOX red mitochondrial superoxide indicator and the membrane potential. It was found that RSV could exert a protective role in CLP-induced ALI/ARDS, as evidenced by moderate levels of inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial edema, as well as decreased levels of C-reactive protein (P<0.01), interleukin (IL)-6 (P<0.01), IL-1β (P<0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-α (P<0.01). Moreover, phospholipid scramblase 3 (PLSCR-3)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy were shown to contribute towards the CLP-caused lung damage, which was reversed upon RSV administration, as demonstrated by improved mitochondrial function and markedly reduced increases in the protein levels of autophagy related (ATG)5 (P<0.01), ATG7 (P<0.05) and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ) (P<0.01), and a significantly increased expression of P62 (P<0.05). In addition, with regard to the CLP-induced lung injury in the mouse model, overexpression of PLSCR-3 was found to remove the beneficial effects observed upon RSV treatment. Taken together, the results of the present study have uncovered a novel molecular mechanism through which RSV may alleviate ALI/ARDS via regulating PLSCR-3-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in CLP-induced mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changnan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jihong Yuan
- Department of Nephropathy, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiankui Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders and National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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The structural basis for the phospholipid remodeling by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6869. [PMID: 34824256 PMCID: PMC8617236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the major component of cell membranes, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is synthesized de novo in the Kennedy pathway and then undergoes extensive deacylation-reacylation remodeling via Lands' cycle. The re-acylation is catalyzed by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and among the four LPCAT members in human, the LPCAT3 preferentially introduces polyunsaturated acyl onto the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidylcholine, thereby modulating the membrane fluidity and membrane protein functions therein. Combining the x-ray crystallography and the cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of LPCAT3 in apo-, acyl donor-bound, and acyl receptor-bound states. A reaction chamber was revealed in the LPCAT3 structure where the lysophosphatidylcholine and arachidonoyl-CoA were positioned in two tunnels connected near to the catalytic center. A side pocket was found expanding the tunnel for the arachidonoyl CoA and holding the main body of arachidonoyl. The structural and functional analysis provides the basis for the re-acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine and the substrate preference during the reactions.
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Shi S, Wang L, van der Laan LJW, Pan Q, Verstegen MMA. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Liver Transplantation and Underlying Diseases: New Insights and Therapeutics. Transplantation 2021; 105:2362-2373. [PMID: 33577251 PMCID: PMC9005104 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular energy and metabolism. Like with any organ, the liver highly depends on the function of these cellular powerhouses. Hepatotoxic insults often lead to an impairment of mitochondrial activity and an increase in oxidative stress, thereby compromising the metabolic and synthetic functions. Mitochondria play a critical role in ATP synthesis and the production or scavenging of free radicals. Mitochondria orchestrate many cellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell death, metabolism, cell division, and progenitor cell differentiation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are closely associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury during organ transplantation and with different liver diseases, including cholestasis, steatosis, viral hepatitis, and drug-induced liver injury. To develop novel mitochondria-targeting therapies or interventions, a better understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in hepatic pathogenesis is very much needed. Therapies targeting mitochondria impairment and oxidative imbalance in liver diseases have been extensively studied in preclinical and clinical research. In this review, we provide an overview of how oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction affect liver diseases and liver transplantation. Furthermore, we summarize recent developments of antioxidant and mitochondria-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Shi
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Grimbert L, Sanz MN, Gressette M, Rucker-Martin C, Novotova M, Solgadi A, Karoui A, Gomez S, Bedouet K, Jacquet E, Lemaire C, Veksler V, Mericskay M, Ventura-Clapier R, Piquereau J, Garnier A. Spatiotemporal AMPKα2 deletion in mice induces cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in males only. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:52. [PMID: 34535195 PMCID: PMC8447586 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major regulator of cellular energetics which plays key role in acute metabolic response and in long-term adaptation to stress. Recent works have also suggested non-metabolic effects. Methods To decipher AMPK roles in the heart, we generated a cardio-specific inducible model of gene deletion of the main cardiac catalytic subunit of AMPK (Ampkα2) in mice. This allowed us to avoid the eventual impact of AMPK-KO in peripheral organs. Results Cardio-specific Ampkα2 deficiency led to a progressive left ventricular systolic dysfunction and the development of cardiac fibrosis in males. We observed a reduction in complex I-driven respiration without change in mitochondrial mass or in vitro complex I activity, associated with a rearrangement of the cardiolipins and reduced integration of complex I into the electron transport chain supercomplexes. Strikingly, none of these defects were present in females. Interestingly, suppression of estradiol signaling by ovariectomy partially mimicked the male sensitivity to AMPK loss, notably the cardiac fibrosis and the rearrangement of cardiolipins, but not the cardiac function that remained protected. Conclusion Our results confirm the close link between AMPK and cardiac mitochondrial function, but also highlight links with cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, we show that AMPK is differently involved in these processes in males and females, which may have clinical implications for the use of AMPK activators in the treatment of heart failure. AMPK is a metabolic sensor of cellular energy which regulates energy homeostasis. We generated a cardiac-specific inducible deletion of Ampkα2 and demonstrated that this deletion induces mild cardiac dysfunction in male only. Cardiac dysfunction observed in males was associated with cardiac fibrosis and cardiac cardiolipin remodeling that are not seen in females. Although no significant cardiac function alteration was noticed in ovariectomized female Ampkα2ciKO mice, these latter exhibited cardiac fibrosis and mild cardiolipins remodeling. Our results show a higher dependence on AMPK signaling fibrosis and cardiolipin biosynthesis/maturation in males, either due to the absence of female hormones protection or/and to the action of male hormones. This may contribute to the known difference in cardiovascular risk and outcome between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Grimbert
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maria-Nieves Sanz
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mélanie Gressette
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Catherine Rucker-Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, 92350, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marta Novotova
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- Service d'Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ahmed Karoui
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Susana Gomez
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kaveen Bedouet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Lemaire
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Université Versailles St-Quentin, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Renée Ventura-Clapier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jérôme Piquereau
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Anne Garnier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR-S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Köhler S, Fragneto G, Alcaraz JP, Nelson A, Martin DK, Maccarini M. Nanostructural Characterization of Cardiolipin-Containing Tethered Lipid Bilayers Adsorbed on Gold and Silicon Substrates for Protein Incorporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8908-8923. [PMID: 34286589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key to the development of lipid membrane-based devices is a fundamental understanding of how the molecular structure of the lipid bilayer membrane is influenced by the type of lipids used to build the membrane. This is particularly important when membrane proteins are included in these devices since the precise lipid environment affects the ability to incorporate membrane proteins and their functionality. Here, we used neutron reflectometry to investigate the structure of tethered bilayer lipid membranes and to characterize the incorporation of the NhaA sodium proton exchanger in the bilayer. The lipid membranes were composed of two lipids, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin, and were adsorbed on gold and silicon substrates using two different tethering architectures based on functionalized oligoethylene glycol molecules of different lengths. In all of the investigated samples, the addition of cardiolipin caused distinct structural rearrangement including crowding of ethylene glycol groups of the tethering molecules in the inner head region and a thinning of the lipid tail region. The incorporation of NhaA in the tethered bilayers following two different protocols is quantified, and the way protein incorporation modulates the structural properties of these membranes is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Köhler
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Alcaraz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrew Nelson
- ANSTO-Sydney, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Donald K Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Maccarini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Mitochondrion as a Target of Astaxanthin Therapy in Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157964. [PMID: 34360729 PMCID: PMC8347622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered to be important organelles in the cell and play a key role in the physiological function of the heart, as well as in the pathogenesis and development of various heart diseases. Under certain pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, etc., mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is formed and opened, which can lead to dysfunction of mitochondria and subsequently to cell death. This review summarizes the results of studies carried out by our group of the effect of astaxanthin (AST) on the functional state of rat heart mitochondria upon direct addition of AST to isolated mitochondria and upon chronic administration of AST under conditions of mPTP opening. It was shown that AST exerted a protective effect under all conditions. In addition, AST treatment was found to prevent isoproterenol-induced oxidative damage to mitochondria and increase mitochondrial efficiency. AST, a ketocarotenoid, may be a potential mitochondrial target in therapy for pathological conditions associated with oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, and may be a potential mitochondrial target in therapy for pathological conditions.
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50
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Jadiya P, Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Reappraisal of metabolic dysfunction in neurodegeneration: Focus on mitochondrial function and calcium signaling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:124. [PMID: 34233766 PMCID: PMC8262011 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration remain poorly defined. Recent clinical trial failures, difficult diagnosis, uncertain etiology, and lack of curative therapies prompted us to re-examine other hypotheses of neurodegenerative pathogenesis. Recent reports establish that mitochondrial and calcium dysregulation occur early in many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and others. However, causal molecular evidence of mitochondrial and metabolic contributions to pathogenesis remains insufficient. Here we summarize the data supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction result from diverse etiologies of neuropathology. We provide a current and comprehensive review of the literature and interpret that defective mitochondrial metabolism is upstream and primary to protein aggregation and other dogmatic hypotheses of NDDs. Finally, we identify gaps in knowledge and propose therapeutic modulation of mCa2+ exchange and mitochondrial function to alleviate metabolic impairments and treat NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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