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Sadeghi M, Asadirad A, Koushki K, Keshavarz Shahbaz S, Dehnavi S. Recent advances in improving intranasal allergen-specific immunotherapy; focus on delivery systems and adjuvants. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Dorot S, Tankel J, Doviner V, Shmeeda H, Amitay Y, Ohana P, Dagan A, Ben-Haim M, Reissman P, Gabizon A. Ex-vivo activation of a liposomal prodrug of mitomycin C by human tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:109-114. [PMID: 35802145 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the ex- vivo ability of explanted human tumors and normal tissue to activate liposomal mitomycin C lipidic prodrug (MLP) by releasing the active free drug form, mitomycin C (MMC). METHODS We tested conversion of MLP to MMC in an ex vivo assay using explanted tissues obtained during routine surgery to remove primary tumors or metastases. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue were obtained from freshly explanted tumors and were immediately deep frozen at - 70 °C. On test day, the fragments were thawed, homogenized and incubated in the presence of a fixed amount of liposomal MLP at 37 °C for 1 h. We measured MLP and its rate of conversion to MMC by HPLC. Controls included plasma, malignant effusions, red blood cells, tumor cell lines, mouse liver, and buffer with dithiothreitol, a potent reducing agent. RESULTS Most patients tested (16/20) were diagnosed with colo-rectal carcinoma. The average fraction of MLP cleaved per 100-mg tumor tissue (21.1%, SEM = 1.8) was greater than per 100-mg normal tissue (16.6%, SEM = 1.3). When the tumor and normal tissue samples were paired by patient, the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.022, paired t test). Biological fluids did not activate liposomal MLP, while normal liver tissue strongly does. Interestingly, the omental fatty tissue also greatly activated MLP. CONCLUSIONS Tumor tissue homogenates activate MLP with greater efficiency than the surrounding normal tissues, but far less than liver and adipose tissue. These observations demonstrate the bioavailability of liposomal MLP in human tumors, and its pharmacologic potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Dorot
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - James Tankel
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Victoria Doviner
- Department of Pathology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hilary Shmeeda
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Amir Dagan
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Ben-Haim
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Petachia Reissman
- Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alberto Gabizon
- Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Shaare Zedek Nano-oncology Research Center, POB 3235, 12 Shmuel Bayit St., 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
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3
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Haroon H, Hunter A, Farhangrazi Z, Moghimi S. A brief history of long circulating nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Wu Y, Wang MH, Yang T, Qin TY, Qin LL, Hu YM, Zhang CF, Sun BJ, Ding L, Wu LL, Liu TH. Mechanisms for Improving Hepatic Glucolipid Metabolism by Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamic Aldehyde: An Insight Provided by Multi-Omics. Front Nutr 2022; 8:794841. [PMID: 35087857 PMCID: PMC8786797 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.794841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamic acid (AC) and cinnamic aldehyde (AL) are two chemicals enriched in cinnamon and have been previously proved to improve glucolipid metabolism, thus ameliorating metabolic disorders. In this study, we employed transcriptomes and proteomes on AC and AL treated db/db mice in order to explore the underlying mechanisms for their effects. Db/db mice were divided into three groups: the control group, AC group and AL group. Gender- and age-matched wt/wt mice were used as a normal group. After 4 weeks of treatments, mice were sacrificed, and liver tissues were used for further analyses. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. DEPs were further verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The results suggested that AC and AL share similar mechanisms, and they may improve glucolipid metabolism by improving mitochondrial functions, decreasing serotonin contents and upregulating autophagy mediated lipid clearance. This study provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms of AC and AL on hepatic transcriptomes and proteomes in disrupted metabolic situations and lays a foundation for future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Mu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Ju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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5
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Large DE, Abdelmessih RG, Fink EA, Auguste DT. Liposome composition in drug delivery design, synthesis, characterization, and clinical application. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113851. [PMID: 34224787 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal drug delivery represents a highly adaptable therapeutic platform for treating a wide range of diseases. Natural and synthetic lipids, as well as surfactants, are commonly utilized in the synthesis of liposomal drug delivery vehicles. The molecular diversity in the composition of liposomes enables drug delivery with unique physiological functions, such as pH response, prolonged blood circulation, and reduced systemic toxicity. Herein, we discuss the impact of composition on liposome synthesis, function, and clinical utility.
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6
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Kip AE, Blesson S, Alves F, Wasunna M, Kimutai R, Menza P, Mengesha B, Beijnen JH, Hailu A, Diro E, Dorlo TPC. Low antileishmanial drug exposure in HIV-positive visceral leishmaniasis patients on antiretrovirals: an Ethiopian cohort study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1258-1268. [PMID: 33677546 PMCID: PMC8050768 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite high HIV co-infection prevalence in Ethiopian visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients, the adequacy of antileishmanial drug exposure in this population and effect of HIV-VL co-morbidity on pharmacokinetics of antileishmanial and antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is still unknown. Methods HIV-VL co-infected patients received the recommended liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) monotherapy (total dose 40 mg/kg over 24 days) or combination therapy of LAmB (total dose 30 mg/kg over 11 days) plus 28 days 100 mg/day miltefosine, with possibility to extend treatment for another cycle. Miltefosine, total amphotericin B and ARV concentrations were determined in dried blood spots or plasma using LC–MS/MS. Results Median (IQR) amphotericin B Cmax on Day 1 was 24.6 μg/mL (17.0–34.9 μg/mL), which increased to 40.9 (25.4–53.1) and 33.2 (29.0–46.6) μg/mL on the last day of combination and monotherapy, respectively. Day 28 miltefosine concentration was 18.7 (15.4–22.5) μg/mL. Miltefosine exposure correlated with amphotericin B accumulation. ARV concentrations were generally stable during antileishmanial treatment, although efavirenz Cmin was below the 1 μg/mL therapeutic target for many patients. Conclusions This study demonstrates that antileishmanial drug exposure was low in this cohort of HIV co-infected VL patients. Amphotericin B Cmax was 2-fold lower than previously observed in non-VL patients. Miltefosine exposure in HIV-VL co-infected patients was 35% lower compared with adult VL patients in Eastern Africa, only partially explained by a 19% lower dose, possibly warranting a dose adjustment. Adequate drug exposure in these HIV-VL co-infected patients is especially important given the high proportion of relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke E Kip
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fabiana Alves
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Peninah Menza
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bewketu Mengesha
- Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Asrat Hailu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Diro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Thomas P C Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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A pentapeptide enabled AL3810 liposome-based glioma-targeted therapy with immune opsonic effect attenuated. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:283-299. [PMID: 33532193 PMCID: PMC7838056 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AL3810, a molecular dual inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), has earned the permission of phase II clinical trial for tumor treatment by China FDA. As a reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor, AL3810 targets ATP-binding site on intracellular region of VEGFR and FGFR, whereas, AL3810 lacking interplay with extracellular region of receptors rendered deficient blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB) recognition, poor brain penetration and unsatisfactory anti-glioma efficacy. Integrin αvβ3 overexpressed on capillary endothelial cells of BBTB as well as glioma cells illuminated ligand-modified liposomes for pinpoint spatial delivery into glioma. The widely accepted peptide c(RGDyK)-modified liposome loading AL3810 of multiple dosing caused hypothermia, activated anti-c(RGDyK)-liposome IgG and IgM antibody and pertinent complements C3b and C5b-9, and experienced complement-dependent opsonization. We newly proposed a pentapeptide mn with superb αvβ3-binding affinity and tailored AL3810-loaded mn-modified liposome that afforded impervious blood circulation, targeting ability, and glioma therapeutic expertise as vastly alleviated immune opsonization on the underpinning of the finite antibodies and complements assembly. Stemming from attenuated immunogenicity, peptide mn strengthened liposome functions as a promising nanocarrier platform for molecular targeting agents.
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8
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Pritchard N, Kaitu'u-Lino T, Harris L, Tong S, Hannan N. Nanoparticles in pregnancy: the next frontier in reproductive therapeutics. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:280-304. [PMID: 33279994 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology involves the engineering of structures on a molecular level. Nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems have been designed to deliver therapeutic agents to a target site or organ in a controlled manner, maximizing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects of the therapeutic agent administered. In both reproductive medicine and obstetrics, developing innovative therapeutics is often tempered by fears of damage to the gamete, embryo or developing foetus or of negatively impacting a woman's reproductive potential. Thus, nanomedicine delivery systems may provide alternative targeted intervention strategies, treating the source of the disease and minimizing long-term consequences for the mother and/or her foetus. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes the current state of nanomedicine technology in reproductive medicine and obstetrics, including safety, potential applications, future directions and the hurdles for translation. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive electronic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed to identify studies published in English up until February 2020. Relevant keywords were used to obtain information regarding use of nanoparticle technology in fertility and gene therapy, early pregnancy complications (ectopic pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease) and obstetric complications (preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, preterm birth and gestational diabetes) and for selective treatment of the mother or foetus. Safety of specific nanoparticles to the gamete, embryo and foetus was also investigated. OUTCOMES Pre-clinical research in the development of nanoparticle therapeutic delivery is being undertaken in many fields of reproductive medicine. Non-hormonal-targeted nanoparticle therapy for fibroids and endometriosis may provide fertility-sparing medical management. Delivery of interventions via nanotechnology provides opportunities for gene manipulation and delivery in mammalian gametes. Targeting cytotoxic treatments to early pregnancy tissue provides an alternative approach to manage ectopic pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic disease. In pregnancy, nanotherapeutic delivery offers options to stably deliver silencing RNA and microRNA inhibitors to the placenta to regulate gene expression, opening doors to novel genetic treatments for preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction. Restricting delivery of teratogenic drugs to the maternal compartment (such as warfarin) may reduce risks to the foetus. Alternatively, targeted delivery of drugs to the foetus (such as those to treat foetal arrythmias) may minimize side effects for the mother. WIDER IMPLICATIONS We expect that further development of targeted therapies using nanoparticles in a reproductive setting has promise to eventually allow safe and directed treatments for conditions impacting the health and reproductive capacity of women and for the management of pregnancy and serious pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Pritchard
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tu'uhevaha Kaitu'u-Lino
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diagnostics Discovery and Reverse Translation, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynda Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Hannan
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Borborema SET, Osso Junior JA, Tempone AG, de Andrade Junior HF, do Nascimento N. Pharmacokinetic of meglumine antimoniate encapsulated in phosphatidylserine-liposomes in mice model: A candidate formulation for visceral leishmaniasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1609-1616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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10
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Moghimi SM, Simberg D. Nanoparticle transport pathways into tumors. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 20:169. [PMID: 29950922 PMCID: PMC6013540 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two transport pathways (interendothelial and transendothelial routes) have long been proposed for entry of nanoparticles from the blood circulation into solid tumors. We examine and discuss available evidence supporting interendothelial and transendothelial transport processes and suggest new avenues for re-evaluating these pathways. Understanding of integrative mechanisms controlling nanoparticle extravasation into tumors is important for improving engineering and performance of anti-cancer nanopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Division of Stratified Medicine, Biomarkers & Therapeutics, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory and Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - D. Simberg
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory and Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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11
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Liu M, Jin S, Yan H, Du S. Effect of oxymatrine HSPC liposomes on improving bioavailability, liver target distribution and hepatoprotective activity of oxymatrine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:212-220. [PMID: 28389275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) and matrine (MT) are two naturally occurring alkaloids, both of them provide anti-hepatitis effects. However OMT effect was heavily limited due to its low bioavailability, short half-life and whole body distribution. Herein, we investigated hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) liposomes made by pH gradient active loading to understand the improved hepatoprotective effect mechanisms. Pharmacokinetics researches demonstrated the half-life time of OMT HSPC liposomes was 17.10h in mice. Compared with OMT solution, AUC (0-8) of OMT and MRT (0-8) of MT had been increased 11.8 fold and 14.3 fold in HSPC liposomes. Moreover, tissue distribution revealed the relative AUCs of total alkaloids in liver of OMT HSPC liposomes was as 4.18 times as that of OMT solution. Our data suggested that pathological topical necrosis and mild vacuolar degeneration of liver progressively returned to normal, and serum level of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced after treating with OMT HSPC liposomes in acute liver injury mice induced by CCl4. Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and pathological researches manifested that HSPC liposomes served as an ideal and potential oxymatrine liver target carrier to prolong OMT retention time and maintain high therapeutically level in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51640, China.
| | - Sha Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51640, China
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51640, China
| | - Song Du
- Guangdong Jiabo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511517, China.
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12
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Toro-Córdova A, Ledezma-Gallegos F, Mondragon-Fuentes L, Jurado R, Medina LA, Pérez-Rojas JM, Garcia-Lopez P. Determination of Liposomal Cisplatin by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Studies. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1016-21. [PMID: 27013666 PMCID: PMC4901840 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been employed as carriers for antineoplastic drugs to improve delivery. We describe an HPLC-UV method for determining cisplatin levels in liposomal and biological samples, which represents an attractive alternative to the widely used flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Liposomal cisplatin was extracted from liposomes, plasma and tissue samples by using acetonitrile and separated on a Symmetry C18 column. The mobile phase was a mixture of water, methanol and acetonitrile, and detection was performed at 254 nm. The method was linear in the range of 0.5-10 µg/mL. Using this method, cisplatin concentration was measured in plasma, kidney, liver and tumor at different times post-administration of liposomal cisplatin. This method is proved suitable for measuring the levels of cisplatin encapsulated in a liposomal system, in plasma or tissue samples of experimental animals, after intravenous administration of liposomal cisplatin. Owing to the small plasma volume employed, a complete pharmacokinetic study can be done with a single animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Toro-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14000, México D.F. 22026, México Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - Fabricio Ledezma-Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14000, México D.F. 22026, México
| | - Laura Mondragon-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14000, México D.F. 22026, México
| | - Rafael Jurado
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14000, México D.F. 22026, México
| | - Luis A Medina
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México D.F. 14080, México
| | - Jazmin M Pérez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14000, México D.F. 22026, México
| | - Patricia Garcia-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14000, México D.F. 22026, México
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13
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Darabi M, Guillas-Baudouin I, Le Goff W, Chapman MJ, Kontush A. Therapeutic applications of reconstituted HDL: When structure meets function. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 157:28-42. [PMID: 26546991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reconstituted forms of HDL (rHDL) are under development for infusion as a therapeutic approach to attenuate atherosclerotic vascular disease and to reduce cardiovascular risk following acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Currently available rHDL formulations developed for clinical use contain apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and one of the major lipid components of HDL, either phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. Recent data have established that quantitatively minor molecular constituents of HDL particles can strongly influence their anti-atherogenic functionality. Novel rHDL formulations displaying enhanced biological activities, including cellular cholesterol efflux, may therefore offer promising prospects for the development of HDL-based, anti-atherosclerotic therapies. Indeed, recent structural and functional data identify phosphatidylserine as a bioactive component of HDL; the content of phosphatidylserine in HDL particles displays positive correlations with all metrics of their functionality. This review summarizes current knowledge of structure-function relationships in rHDL formulations, with a focus on phosphatidylserine and other negatively-charged phospholipids. Mechanisms potentially underlying the atheroprotective role of these lipids are discussed and their potential for the development of HDL-based therapies highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Isabelle Guillas-Baudouin
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - M John Chapman
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Anatol Kontush
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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14
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Wang H, Thorling CA, Liang X, Bridle KR, Grice JE, Zhu Y, Crawford DHG, Xu ZP, Liu X, Roberts MS. Diagnostic imaging and therapeutic application of nanoparticles targeting the liver. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:939-958. [PMID: 32261972 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01611d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases, particularly viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, are common in clinical practice with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many substances for diagnostic imaging and therapy of liver diseases may have either severe adverse effects or insufficient effectiveness in vivo because of their nonspecific uptake. Therefore, by targeting the delivery of drugs into the liver or specific liver cells, drug efficiency may be largely improved. This review summarizes the up-to-date research progress focusing on nanoparticles targeting the liver for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Targeting strategies, mechanisms of enhanced effects, and clinical applications of nanoparticles are discussed specifically. We believe that new targeting nanotechnology such as nanoprobes for multi-modality imaging and multifunctional nanoparticles would facilitate significant advancements in this active research area in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolu Wang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Duskey JT, Rice KG. Nanoparticle ligand presentation for targeting solid tumors. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1345-54. [PMID: 24927668 PMCID: PMC4179653 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the many scientific advances to come from the study of nanoscience, the development of ligand-targeted nanoparticles to eliminate solid tumors is predicted to have a major impact on human health. There are many reports describing novel designs and testing of targeted nanoparticles to treat cancer. While the principles of the technology are well demonstrated in controlled lab experiments, there are still many hurdles to overcome for the science to mature into truly efficacious targeted nanoparticles that join the arsenal of agents currently used to treat cancer in humans. One of these hurdles is overcoming unwanted biodistribution to the liver while maximizing delivery to the tumor. This almost certainly requires advances in both nanoparticle stealth technology and targeting. Currently, it continues to be a challenge to control the loading of ligands onto polyethylene glycol (PEG) to achieve maximal targeting. Nanoparticle cellular uptake and subcellular targeting of genes and siRNA also remain a challenge. This review examines the types of ligands that have been most often used to target nanoparticles to solid tumors. As the science matures over the coming decade, careful control over ligand presentation on nanoparticles of precise size, shape, and charge will likely play a major role in achieving success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Duskey
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Kevin G. Rice
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
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Bertrand N, Wu J, Xu X, Kamaly N, Farokhzad OC. Cancer nanotechnology: the impact of passive and active targeting in the era of modern cancer biology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66:2-25. [PMID: 24270007 PMCID: PMC4219254 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1854] [Impact Index Per Article: 185.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanotherapeutics are progressing at a steady rate; research and development in the field has experienced an exponential growth since early 2000's. The path to the commercialization of oncology drugs is long and carries significant risk; however, there is considerable excitement that nanoparticle technologies may contribute to the success of cancer drug development. The pace at which pharmaceutical companies have formed partnerships to use proprietary nanoparticle technologies has considerably accelerated. It is now recognized that by enhancing the efficacy and/or tolerability of new drug candidates, nanotechnology can meaningfully contribute to create differentiated products and improve clinical outcome. This review describes the lessons learned since the commercialization of the first-generation nanomedicines including DOXIL® and Abraxane®. It explores our current understanding of targeted and non-targeted nanoparticles that are under various stages of development, including BIND-014 and MM-398. It highlights the opportunities and challenges faced by nanomedicines in contemporary oncology, where personalized medicine is increasingly the mainstay of cancer therapy. We revisit the fundamental concepts of enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and explore the mechanisms proposed to enhance preferential "retention" in the tumor, whether using active targeting of nanoparticles, binding of drugs to their tumoral targets or the presence of tumor associated macrophages. The overall objective of this review is to enhance our understanding in the design and development of therapeutic nanoparticles for treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bertrand
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Upponi JR, Torchilin VP. Passive vs. Active Targeting: An Update of the EPR Role in Drug Delivery to Tumors. NANO-ONCOLOGICALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08084-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bajoria R, Sooranna S, Chatterjee R. Effect of lipid composition of cationic SUV liposomes on materno-fetal transfer of warfarin across the perfused human term placenta. Placenta 2013; 34:1216-22. [PMID: 24183755 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of drugs that cross the placenta freely are currently avoided during pregnancy. We investigated whether cationic small unilamellar (SUV) liposomes of different lipid compositions could prevent the transfer and uptake of warfarin across human term placenta. METHODS Cationic liposomes encapsulated warfarin was prepared by using lecithin (F-SUV) or sterylamine (S-SUV) with cholesterol and stearylamine. The size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and stability were determined in blood-based media. The transfer kinetics of free and liposomally encapsulated warfarin were studied in a dually perfused isolated lobule of human term placenta with creatinine. Concentrations of warfarin were measured by fluorimetry. Data are expressed as % of initial dose added and given as mean ± sd. RESULTS Warfarin crossed the placenta freely (14.9 ± 1.1%). Trans placental transfer of warfarin was significantly reduced by F-SUV (6.4 ± 0.6%; P < 0.001) and S-SUV liposomes (5.0 ± 0.8%; P < 0.001). Placental uptake of F-SUV (6.3 ± 1.7%; P < 0.001) was greater than that of S-SUV liposomes (2.2 ± 0.5%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that cationic liposomes reduce trans placental transfer of warfarin. If confirmed "in vivo", liposomes might provide an alternative non-invasive method of drug delivery to the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bajoria
- Imperial College, School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK; University College London, Institute for Women's Health London, UK.
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Wang Z, Liu G, Zheng H, Chen X. Rigid nanoparticle-based delivery of anti-cancer siRNA: challenges and opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:831-43. [PMID: 24013011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising strategy to treat various genetic and acquired diseases. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a revolutionary tool for gene therapy and the analysis of gene function. However, the development of a safe, efficient, and targetable non-viral siRNA delivery system remains a major challenge in gene therapy. An ideal delivery system should be able to encapsulate and protect the siRNA cargo from serum proteins, exhibit target tissue and cell specificity, penetrate the cell membrane, and release its cargo in the desired intracellular compartment. Nanomedicine has the potential to deal with these challenges faced by siRNA delivery. The unique characteristics of rigid nanoparticles mostly inorganic nanoparticles and allotropes of carbon nanomaterials, including high surface area, facile surface modification, controllable size, and excellent magnetic/optical/electrical properties, make them promising candidates for targeted siRNA delivery. In this review, recent progresses on rigid nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; MOE key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Expedition of liposomes to intracellular targets in solid tumors after intravenous administration. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Chen XY, Wang SM, Li N, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Xu JF, Li X, Ren J, Su B, Yuan WZ, Teng XR, Zhang RX, Jiang DH, Mulet X, Li HP. Creation of lung-targeted dexamethasone immunoliposome and its therapeutic effect on bleomycin-induced lung injury in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58275. [PMID: 23516459 PMCID: PMC3597622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lung injury (ALI), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, which is routinely treated with the administration of systemic glucocorticoids. The current study investigated the distribution and therapeutic effect of a dexamethasone(DXM)-loaded immunoliposome (NLP) functionalized with pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) antibody (SPA-DXM-NLP) in an animal model. METHODS DXM-NLP was prepared using film dispersion combined with extrusion techniques. SP-A antibody was used as the lung targeting agent. Tissue distribution of SPA-DXM-NLP was investigated in liver, spleen, kidney and lung tissue. The efficacy of SPA-DXM-NLP against lung injury was assessed in a rat model of bleomycin-induced acute lung injury. RESULTS The SPA-DXM-NLP complex was successfully synthesized and the particles were stable at 4°C. Pulmonary dexamethasone levels were 40 times higher with SPA-DXM-NLP than conventional dexamethasone injection. Administration of SPA-DXM-NLP significantly attenuated lung injury and inflammation, decreased incidence of infection, and increased survival in animal models. CONCLUSIONS The administration of SPA-DXM-NLP to animal models resulted in increased levels of DXM in the lungs, indicating active targeting. The efficacy against ALI of the immunoliposomes was shown to be superior to conventional dexamethasone administration. These results demonstrate the potential of actively targeted glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of lung disease in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Mei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Nano and Bio-polymeric materials, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Su
- Centrol Laboratory of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Yuan
- Institute of Nano and Bio-polymeric materials, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Rong Teng
- Institute of Nano and Bio-polymeric materials, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-hua Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Delivery and biodistribution of siRNA for cancer therapy: challenges and future prospects. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:245-61. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RNAi-based approaches provide a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer. The inaccessibility of tumors in different cancer types necessitates the development of safe, specific and efficient systemic delivery systems to meet therapeutic need. The translation of siRNA-based cancer therapeutics to the clinic is hindered by several challenges associated with the cargo (siRNA) and the delivery system, including susceptibility to nucleases; insufficient circulation half-life due to phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system, transient and poor biodistribution in the tumor tissue; cellular uptake; inability to escape endosomes and release into the cytosolic compartment for an RNAi-mediated effect; microRNA-like unintended off-target effects; undesirable immune stimulation; and carrier-related toxicity. This review provides an overview of the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution challenges witnessed in the delivery of siRNA when administered systemically. It also describes the current delivery approaches using liposome-, polymer- and peptide-based delivery systems shown to elicit significant gene silencing and tumor growth regression in proof-of-concept studies. As part of future perspectives, delivery agents that showed significant efficacy in preclinical rodent models and clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Buonocore C, Alipour M, Omri A, Pucaj K, Smith MG, Suntres ZE. Treatment of ricin A-chain-induced hepatotoxicity with liposome-encapsulated N-acetylcysteine. J Drug Target 2011; 19:821-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.582645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Paolino D, Cosco D, Molinaro R, Celia C, Fresta M. Supramolecular devices to improve the treatment of brain diseases. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:311-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Haber E, Afergan E, Epstein H, Gutman D, Koroukhov N, Ben-David M, Schachter M, Golomb G. Route of administration-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of liposomal alendronate. J Control Release 2010; 148:226-33. [PMID: 20813142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity and inflammation are of major importance in various pathological conditions. Intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) liposomal alendronate (LA) treatments have been shown to deplete circulating monocytes and peritoneal macrophages resulting in the inhibition of restenosis and endometriosis (EM), respectively. Nevertheless, the correlation between the extent of circulating monocyte depletion and liposome biodistribution is unknown, and the route of administration-dependent bioactivity in restenosis and EM has not been determined. We found that, LA treatment resulted in a dose-response modified biodistribution following both IV and IP administrations. The biodistribution of high-dose LA (10mg/kg), but not that of the low-dose (1mg/kg), was similar in healthy and diseased animals. It is concluded that LA impedes its own elimination from the circulation by depleting circulating monocytes and/or inhibiting their endocytic activity, in a dose-dependent manner. Both IV and IP administration of LA mediated by the partial and transient depletion of circulating monocytes effected inhibition of restenosis. Inhibition of EM was effected only by IP administration, which depleted both intraperitoneal and circulating monocytes. Thus, EM should be considered as a local inflammatory condition with systemic manifestations as opposed to restenosis, a systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Haber
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Deng ZJ, Mortimer G, Schiller T, Musumeci A, Martin D, Minchin RF. Differential plasma protein binding to metal oxide nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:455101. [PMID: 19822937 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/45/455101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles rapidly interact with the proteins present in biological fluids, such as blood. The proteins that are adsorbed onto the surface potentially dictate the biokinetics of the nanomaterials and their fate in vivo. Using nanoparticles with different sizes and surface characteristics, studies have reported the effects of physicochemical properties on the composition of adsorbed plasma proteins. However, to date, few studies have been conducted focusing on the nanoparticles that are commonly exposed to the general public, such as the metal oxides. Using previously established ultracentrifugation approaches, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, the current study investigated the binding of human plasma proteins to commercially available titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. We found that, despite these particles having similar surface charges in buffer, they bound different plasma proteins. For TiO2, the shape of the nanoparticles was also an important determinant of protein binding. Agglomeration in water was observed for all of the nanoparticles and both TiO2 and ZnO further agglomerated in biological media. This led to an increase in the amount and number of different proteins bound to these nanoparticles. Proteins with important biological functions were identified, including immunoglobulins, lipoproteins, acute-phase proteins and proteins involved in complement pathways and coagulation. These results provide important insights into which human plasma proteins bind to particular metal oxide nanoparticles. Because protein absorption to nanoparticles may determine their interaction with cells and tissues in vivo, understanding how and why plasma proteins are adsorbed to these particles may be important for understanding their biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou J Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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27
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Holzer M, Burghardt A, Schubert R. Quantitative high-performance thin-layer chromatography determination of common liposome components and critical parameters influencing the analysis results. J Liposome Res 2009; 20:124-33. [DOI: 10.3109/08982100903218884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Longmuir KJ, Haynes SM, Baratta JL, Kasabwalla N, Robertson RT. Liposomal delivery of doxorubicin to hepatocytes in vivo by targeting heparan sulfate. Int J Pharm 2009; 382:222-33. [PMID: 19664697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated that liposomes, containing an amino acid sequence that binds to hepatic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, show effective targeting to liver hepatocytes. These liposomes were tested to determine whether they can deliver doxorubicin selectively to liver and hepatocytes in vivo. Fluid-phase liposomes contained a lipid-anchored 19-amino acid glycosaminoglycan targeting peptide. Liposomes were loaded with doxorubicin and were non-leaky in the presence of serum. After intravenous administration to mice, organs were harvested and the doxorubicin content extracted and measured by fluorescence intensity and by fluorescence microscopy. The liposomal doxorubicin was recovered almost entirely from liver, with only trace amounts detectable in heart, lung, and kidney. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated doxorubicin preferentially in hepatocytes, also in non-parenchymal cells of the liver, but not in cells of heart, lung or kidney. The doxorubicin was localized within liver cell nuclei within 5 min after intravenous injection. These studies demonstrated that liposomal doxorubicin can be effectively delivered to hepatocytes by targeting the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan of liver tissue. With the composition described here, the doxorubicin was rapidly released from the liposomes without the need for an externally supplied stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Longmuir
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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29
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Jiskoot W, van Schie RMF, Carstens MG, Schellekens H. Immunological Risk of Injectable Drug Delivery Systems. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1303-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Agashe H, Awasthi V. Chapter 1 Current Perspectives in Liposome‐Encapsulated Hemoglobin as Oxygen Carrier. ADVANCES IN PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS AND LIPOSOMES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1554-4516(09)09001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Adsorption of serum proteins to the liposomal surface plays a critical role in the clearance of liposomes from the blood circulation. In this review, we will discuss the role of the liposomal opsonins proposed so far in liposome clearance. Additional, related topics that will be addressed are the cell-surface receptors that might be involved in liposome elimination from the blood compartment and the effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification on prevention of liposome opsonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Section Liposome Research, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Antitumor activity and biodistribution of cisplatin nanocapsules in nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma xenografts. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:721-7. [PMID: 18594214 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328304355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Yuan L, Wang J, Shen WC. Lipidization of human interferon-alpha: A new approach toward improving the delivery of protein drugs. J Control Release 2008; 129:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hilmer SN, Cogger VC, Le Couteur DG. Basal activity of Kupffer cells increases with old age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62:973-8. [PMID: 17895435 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.9.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in Kupffer cell numbers and function may have important implications for systemic immune responses and hepatic function. We compared numbers of Kupffer cells in the hepatic sinusoids and phagocytic function of Kupffer cells in isolated perfused livers of young, middle-aged, and old rats. On light microscopy, the number of Kupffer cells per 29,500 mum(2) field increased with increasing age (young 2.0 +/- 0.2, n = 8; middle aged 3.3 +/- 0.3, n = 7; old 5.5 +/- 0.6, n = 7). After a single pass through the liver, the ratio of the fractional recovery of 500 nm polystyrene microspheres to that of sucrose decreased significantly with increasing age: young rats, 89 +/- 35% (n = 7); middle-aged rats, 58 +/- 18% (n = 9); and old rats, 49 +/- 24% (n = 10), suggesting increased Kupffer cell phagocytic activity. In old age, increased Kupffer cell numbers and activity were observed in the basal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Hilmer
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.
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35
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Nagayama S, Ogawara KI, Fukuoka Y, Higaki K, Kimura T. Time-dependent changes in opsonin amount associated on nanoparticles alter their hepatic uptake characteristics. Int J Pharm 2007; 342:215-21. [PMID: 17566676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the time-dependent change in serum proteins adsorbed on nanoparticles and their disposition to the liver was investigated by employing lecithin-coated polystyrene nanosphere with a size of 50 nm (LNS-50) as a model nanoparticle in rats. The total amount of proteins adsorbed on LNS-50 increased and the qualitative profile of serum proteins adsorbed on LNS-50 changed during the incubation with serum up to 360 min. The liver perfusion study indicated that the hepatic uptake of LNS-50 incubated with serum for 360 min was significantly larger than those of LNS-50 incubated for shorter period. It was suggested that the increase in the hepatic uptake of LNS-50 with the increase in incubation time would be ascribed mainly to the increase in the opsonin-mediated uptake by Kupffer cells. Semi-quantification of major opsonins, complement C3 (C3) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and in vitro uptake study in primary cultured Kupffer cells demonstrated that the increase in C3 and IgG amounts adsorbed on LNS-50 was directly reflected in the increased disposition of LNS-50 to Kupffer cells. These results indicate that the amounts of opsonins associated on nanoparticles would change over time and this process would be substantially reflected in the alteration of their hepatic disposition characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Nagayama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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36
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Kanai M, Murata Y, Herbert DC, Soji T. Uptake behavior of embryonic chick liver cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2007; 290:862-74. [PMID: 17541985 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of selective uptake by liver cells, focusing particularly on the parenchymal and perisinusoidal stellate cells during chick liver development (8-18 days of incubation), was ultrastructurally examined after injection of 240-nm-diameter lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) -coated or noncoated beads into the extraembryonic circulation. Cytoplasmic projections of both cells as well as extrasinusoidal macrophages reached into the sinusoid-like vascular spaces. The primitive perisinusoidal stellate cells were identified by immunocytochemistry as being rich in desmin-positive cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. The cells demonstrated selective uptake of noncoated beads by means of their cytoplasmic projections. These findings were significant in the early period of incubation, indicating that the phagocytic activity is a characteristic and transient phenomenon of developmental differentiation. Large numbers of coated and a few noncoated beads penetrated into the perivascular spaces. The parenchymal cells incorporated only the coated beads that passed through the endothelial lining, suggesting that these cells express selective but limited phagocytic capacity against large "foreign" substances even long before their maturation. The cell projections were not engaged in uptake function. Extrasinusoidal macrophages, Kupffer cells, and intraluminal primitive macrophages all took up both beads; however, lecithin coating of the beads clearly suppressed their uptake function. These data suggest that the uptake function of large "foreign" substances appears to be intrinsic to liver cells and lecithin coating would be useful for delivering large substances to parenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Kanai
- Department of Functional Morphology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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37
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Germain M, Paquereau L, Winterhalter M, Hochepied JF, Fournier D. Liposomes : support à la formation de capsules plus stables à base de polyéléctrolytes réticulés ou de silice. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2007; 65:134-41. [PMID: 17404547 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(07)90027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Uses of enzymes for therapeutic purpose or for biosensing require a well-controlled nanoenvironnement to avoid degradation by proteolytic agents, pH variations or dilution effects. A solution is encapsulation under undenaturating conditions into a nanometer sized and stable capsule. The nanometer scall decreases recognition by the reticulo-endothelial system recognition and subsequent immune reaction. Liposomes are the method of choice since they allow protein encapsulation under mild conditions. However they lack in stability. In contrast, other type of capsules exhibit strong stability but with conditions required for formation that are incompatible with enzyme integrity. Here we combine different capsule formation techniques and use liposomes as templates for further stabilization. Here we demonstrate two types of multicomposite capsules. The first type is to coat the liposome surface with polyelectrolytes followed by secondary covalent crosslinking of the polyelectrolytes multilayer. In the second type of capsules we used silica to build an inorganic shell around liposome. Both techniques allow the formation of detergent stable nanocapsules which exhibits properties protective against acetylcholinesterase protein degradation, an enzyme of much interest for pesticide detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germain
- IPBS-Cnrs, Umr 5089, 205, route de Narbonne, F 31077 Toulouse.
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38
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Adrian JE, Poelstra K, Scherphof GL, Meijer DKF, van Loenen-Weemaes AM, Reker-Smit C, Morselt HWM, Zwiers P, Kamps JAAM. Effects of a new bioactive lipid-based drug carrier on cultured hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:536-43. [PMID: 17314198 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.117945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fibrotic liver, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) produce large amounts of collagen and secrete variety of mediators that promote development of fibrosis in this organ. Therefore, these cells are considered an attractive target for antifibrotic therapies. We incorporated the bioactive lipid dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) into the membrane of liposomes, and then we evaluated its effect on hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. To target DLPC-liposomes to HSC, human serum albumin modified with mannose 6-phosphate (M6P-HSA) was coupled to the surface of these liposomes. In vitro, the effects of the carrier were determined in primary cultures of HSC, Kupffer cells, and liver endothelial cells using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In vivo DLPC-liposomes were tested in bile duct-ligated rats. Targeted M6P-HSA-DLPC-liposomes and DLPC-liposomes significantly reduced gene expression levels for collagen 1alpha1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in cultured HSC. In fibrotic livers, DLPC-liposomes decreased gene expression for TGF-beta and collagen 1alpha1 as well as alpha-SMA and collagen protein expression. In contrast, M6P-HSA-DLPC-liposomes enhanced expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory genes in vivo. In cultured Kupffer and endothelial cells M6P-HSA liposomes influenced the expression of proinflammatory genes. Both types of liposomes increased hepatocyte glycogen content in fibrotic livers, indicating improved functionality of the hepatocytes. We conclude that DLPC-containing liposomes attenuate activation of cultured HSC. In fibrotic livers, M6P-HSA-mediated activation of Kupffer and endothelial cells probably counteracts this beneficial effect of DLPC-liposomes. Therefore, these bioactive drug carriers modulate the activity of all liver cells during liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Adrian
- Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Du S, Deng Y. Studies on the encapsulation of oxymatrine into liposomes by ethanol injection and pH gradient method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2006; 32:791-7. [PMID: 16908416 DOI: 10.1080/03639040600760556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxymatrine is the major active alkaloid constituent extracted from traditional Chinese herb medicine Sophora flavescens Ait (Kushen) and Sophora alopecuroides (Kudouzi). In recent years, oxymatrine had been found to posses remarkable anti-hepatic activity and has been used for treating hepatitis B in clinical therapy in China. In this study, we attempted to entrap oxymatrine into liposomes to facilitate the delivery of oxymatrine to the liver and enhance the therapeutic efficiency for hepatitis. Preformulation investigation was performed to obtain the drug physicochemical properties such as solubility, pKa, and logP for rational liposomes preparation design. Liposomes were prepared with soybean lecithin by ethanol injection and pH gradient loading methods. At the same time the factors affecting the entrapment efficiencies were investigated and compared. Ethanol injection method yielded liposomes with entrapment efficiency less than 20%. The lipid composition and aqueous medium had some effects on entrapment efficiency. However, liposomes could be produced with entrapment efficiency above 50% by pH gradient method. The internal pH buffer capacity, the lipid composition, and drug-to-lipid ratio greatly influenced the entrapment efficiency, while the incubation temperature had almost no effect on entrapment efficiency in the active loading procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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40
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Chapter 2: Surface Properties of Liposomes Depending on Their Composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1554-4516(06)04002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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41
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Rothkopf C, Fahr A, Fricker G, Scherphof GL, Kamps JAAM. Uptake of phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in the serum-free perfused rat liver. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2005; 1668:10-6. [PMID: 15670726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the kinetics of hepatic uptake of liposomes during serum-free recirculating perfusion of rat livers. Liposomes consisted of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and phosphatidylserine in a 6:4:0 or a 3:4:3 molar ratio and were radiolabelled with [3H]cholesteryl oleyl ether. The negatively charged liposomes were taken up to a 10-fold higher extent than the neutral ones. Hepatic uptake of fluorescently labelled liposomes was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The neutral liposomes displayed a typical Kupffer cell distribution pattern, in addition to weak diffuse staining of the parenchyma, while the negatively charged liposomes showed a characteristic sinusoidal lining pattern, consistent with an endothelial localization. In addition, scattered Kupffer cell staining was distinguished as well as diffuse parenchymal fluorescence. The mainly endothelial localisation of the negatively charged liposomes was confirmed by determining radioactivity in endothelial and Kupffer cells isolated following a 1-h perfusion. Perfusion in the presence of polyinosinic acid, an inhibitor of scavenger receptor activity, reduced the rate of uptake of the negatively charged liposomes twofold, indicating the involvement of this receptor in the elimination mechanism. These results are compatible with earlier in vitro studies on liposome uptake by isolated endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, which showed that in the absence of serum also endothelial cells in situ are able to take up massive amounts of negatively charged liposomes. The present results emphasize that the high in vitro endothelial cell uptake in the absence of serum from earlier observations was not an artifact induced by the cell isolation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rothkopf
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Technologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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42
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Yan X, Kuipers F, Havekes LM, Havinga R, Dontje B, Poelstra K, Scherphof GL, Kamps JAAM. The role of apolipoprotein E in the elimination of liposomes from blood by hepatocytes in the mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 328:57-62. [PMID: 15670750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the clearance of neutral and negatively charged liposomes by hepatocytes in apoE-deficient mice. Negatively charged liposomes were cleared at identical rates in apoE-deficient and wild-type mice; neutral liposomes were cleared at a 3.6-fold slower rate in apoE-deficient mice. ApoE deficiency did not affect hepatic uptake of negatively charged liposomes but lowered that of neutral liposomes >5-fold. Hepatocyte uptake of neutral liposomes was reduced >20-fold in apoE-deficient mice; that of negatively charged liposomes remained unchanged. We conclude that uptake of neutral liposomes by hepatocytes is nearly exclusively apoE-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, [corrected] Medical Biology Section, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), The Netherlands
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43
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Yan X, Morselt HWM, Scherphof GL, Poelstra K, Kamps JAAM. The role of β2-glycoprotein I in liposome–hepatocyte interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2004; 1667:208-14. [PMID: 15581857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of serum proteins to the liposomal surface plays a critical role in liposome clearance from the blood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of liposome-adsorbed serum proteins in the interaction of liposomes with hepatocytes. We analyzed the serum proteins adsorbing to the surface of differently composed small unilamellar liposomes during incubation with human or rat serum, and found that one protein, with a molecular weight of around 55 kDa, adsorbed in a large amount to negatively charged liposomes containing phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The binding was dependent on the liposomal charge density. The approximately 55-kDa protein was identified as beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) by Western blotting. Despite the high affinity of beta2GPI for strongly negatively charged liposomes, in vitro uptake and binding experiments with isolated rat hepatocytes, Kupffer cells or liver endothelial cells, and with HepG2 cells showed no enhancing effect of this protein on the association of negatively charged liposomes with any of these cells. On the contrary, an inhibitory effect was observed. We conclude that despite abundant adsorption to negatively charged liposomes, beta2GP1 inhibits, rather than enhances, liposome uptake by liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yan
- Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Constantinescu I, Levin E, Gyongyossy-Issa M. Liposomes and blood cells: a flow cytometric study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 31:395-424. [PMID: 14672416 DOI: 10.1081/bio-120025410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the interactions of liposomes with blood cells, this study examined the behaviour of liposomes of a range of compositions in the presence of purified human blood cells in buffer or plasma; or in whole blood, or in mice in vivo. Liposomes, labeled with the hydrophilic fluorochrome, carboxy fluorescein (CF), or with membrane-sequestering R18 or FITC-labeled phospholipids, were mixed with blood cells and the appearance of the fluorochromes in the blood cell population was monitored by flow cytometry. Irrespective of composition, with or without poly(ethylene glycol), all types of liposomes were found to interact rapidly and dose-dependently with red cells, leukocytes and platelets, both in vitro and in vivo. This took place equally in the presence and the absence of plasma proteins and functional enzyme cascades, suggesting that the prime facie interaction is opsonization-independent and is consistent with liposome-blood cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Constantinescu
- Canadian Blood Services, Research & Development, c/o Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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45
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Hilmer SN, Cogger VC, Muller M, Le Couteur DG. THE HEPATIC PHARMACOKINETICS OF DOXORUBICIN AND LIPOSOMAL DOXORUBICIN. Drug Metab Dispos 2004; 32:794-9. [PMID: 15258103 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.32.8.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the role of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in the hepatic disposition of liposomal doxorubicin, we compared the hepatic pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin hydrochloride and the pegylated, liposomal formulation of doxorubicin (Caelyx). The multiple indicator-dilution technique and electron microscopy were used to study the disposition of doxorubicin and liposomal doxorubicin in the rat liver. Doxorubicin had a volume of distribution 1.56 +/- 0.45 times greater than that of the extracellular marker, sucrose, whereas liposomal doxorubicin had a volume of distribution 0.56 +/- 0.30 times smaller than that of sucrose (P < 0.001). The recovery of doxorubicin was less than that of liposomal doxorubicin (70 +/- 24% versus 94 +/- 17%, P < 0.05). The disposition of liposomal doxorubicin was found to be flow-limited, whereas a permeability-limited sequestration model fitted doxorubicin. The transfer of doxorubicin across the hepatocyte membrane was symmetrical (permeability - surface area product for influx 0.02 +/- 0.01 ml s/g versus 0.03 +/- 0.02 ml s/g for efflux) and consistent with diffusion. Electron microscopy confirmed that liposomes were restricted entirely to the sinusoidal lumen and none were seen in the extracellular space of Disse. Liposomal doxorubicin is restricted to the sinusoidal lumen, presumably secondary to steric exclusion by fenestrations in the sinusoidal endothelium. This provides the mechanism for the longer half-life and reduced hepatic extraction of liposomal doxorubicin compared with doxorubicin. The sinusoidal endothelium and fenestrations within the sinusoidal endothelium have an important role in hepatic pharmacology and are important considerations when designing liposomal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Hilmer
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Hospital Road, NSW 2139 Australia
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46
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Li C, Deng Y. A novel method for the preparation of liposomes: Freeze drying of monophase solutions. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93:1403-14. [PMID: 15124200 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel method is described for the preparation of sterile and pyrogen-free submicron liposomes of narrow size distribution. The method is based on the formation of a homogeneous dispersion of lipids in water-soluble carrier materials. To obtain the lipid-containing solid dispersion, liposome-forming lipids and water-soluble carrier materials are dissolved in tert-butyl alcohol/water cosolvent systems to form an isotropic monophase solution, and then the resulting solution is lyophilized after sterilization by filtration through 0.2 microm pores. On addition of water, the lyophilized product spontaneously forms homogeneous liposome preparation. After investigation of the various parameters associated with this method it is found that the lipid/carrier ratio is the key factor affecting the size and the polydispersity of liposome preparation. Based on the data from DSC, X-ray diffraction, and size measurements, a possible liposome formation mechanism is proposed. In addition, the application of this new method to the passive loading and active loading of drugs into liposomes is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, P.O. Box 52, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A A M Kamps
- Department of Cell Biology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, The Netherlands
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