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Olmedo P, Vidal J, Ponce E, Defilippi BG, Pérez-Donoso AG, Meneses C, Carpentier S, Pedreschi R, Campos-Vargas R. Proteomic and Low-Polar Metabolite Profiling Reveal Unique Dynamics in Fatty Acid Metabolism during Flower and Berry Development of Table Grapes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15360. [PMID: 37895040 PMCID: PMC10607693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine development and ripening are complex processes that involve several biochemical pathways, including fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Fatty acids are essential components of lipids, which play crucial roles in fruit maturation and flavor development. However, the dynamics of fatty acid metabolism in grape flowers and berries are poorly understood. In this study, we present those dynamics and investigate the mechanisms of fatty acid homeostasis on 'Thompson Seedless' berries using metabolomic and proteomic analyses. Low-polar metabolite profiling indicated a higher abundance of fatty acids at the pre-flowering and pre-veraison stages. Proteomic analyses revealed that grape flowers and berries display unique profiles of proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, triacylglycerol assembly, fatty acid β-oxidation, and lipid signaling. These findings show, for the first time, that fatty acid metabolism also plays an important role in the development of non-oil-rich tissues, opening new perspectives about lipid function and its relation to berry quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Olmedo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Juan Vidal
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Excequel Ponce
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Bruno G. Defilippi
- Unidad de Postcosecha, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) La Platina, Santiago 8831314, Chile;
| | - Alonso G. Pérez-Donoso
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.G.P.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.G.P.-D.); (C.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry SYBIOMA, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Bioversity International, Biodiversity for Food & Agriculture, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios Postcosecha, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8831314, Chile;
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Hanano A, Blée E, Murphy DJ. Caleosin/peroxygenases: multifunctional proteins in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:387-409. [PMID: 36656070 PMCID: PMC10072107 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caleosin/peroxygenases (CLO/PXGs) are a family of multifunctional proteins that are ubiquitous in land plants and are also found in some fungi and green algae. CLO/PXGs were initially described as a class of plant lipid-associated proteins with some similarities to the oleosins that stabilize lipid droplets (LDs) in storage tissues, such as seeds. However, we now know that CLO/PXGs have more complex structures, distributions and functions than oleosins. Structurally, CLO/PXGs share conserved domains that confer specific biochemical features, and they have diverse localizations and functions. SCOPE This review surveys the structural properties of CLO/PXGs and their biochemical roles. In addition to their highly conserved structures, CLO/PXGs have peroxygenase activities and are involved in several aspects of oxylipin metabolism in plants. The enzymatic activities and the spatiotemporal expression of CLO/PXGs are described and linked with their wider involvement in plant physiology. Plant CLO/PXGs have many roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants and in their responses to environmental toxins. Finally, some intriguing developments in the biotechnological uses of CLO/PXGs are addressed. CONCLUSIONS It is now two decades since CLO/PXGs were first recognized as a new class of lipid-associated proteins and only 15 years since their additional enzymatic functions as a new class of peroxygenases were discovered. There are many interesting research questions that remain to be addressed in future physiological studies of plant CLO/PXGs and in their recently discovered roles in the sequestration and, possibly, detoxification of a wide variety of lipidic xenobiotics that can challenge plant welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria
| | - Elizabeth Blée
- Former Head of Phyto-oxylipins laboratory, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Treforest, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria
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Estiarte M, Campioli M, Mayol M, Penuelas J. Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100503. [PMID: 36514281 PMCID: PMC10030369 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Foliar nutrient resorption (NuR) plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient economy. Most of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by cells. Here, we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry, physiology, and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to NuR. Nutrients are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the phloem. Proteolysis is the main mechanism for mobilization of N, whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways, making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before, during, and after foliar senescence. The biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit NuR. The efficiency of NuR decreases, especially in evergreen species, as soil fertility increases, which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability, while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain constant. NuR is genetically determined, with substantial interspecific variability, and is environmentally regulated in space and time, with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maria Mayol
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
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4
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Guo A, Yang Y, Wu J, Qin N, Hou F, Gao Y, Li K, Xing G, Li S. Lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles of glycerophospholipid metabolism during Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flowering. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:50. [PMID: 36683035 PMCID: PMC9869519 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (daylily) is a horticultural ornamental plant and vegetable with various applications as a raw material in traditional Chinese medicine and as a flavouring agent. Daylily contains many functional substances and is rich in lecithin, which is mostly composed of glycerophospholipids. To study the comprehensive dynamic changes in glycerophospholipid during daylily flowering and the underlying signalling mechanisms, we performed comprehensive, time-resolved lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses of 'Datong Huanghua 6' daylily. RESULTS Labelling with PKH67 fluorescent antibodies clearly and effectively helped visualise lipid changes in daylily, while relative conductivity and malonaldehyde content detection revealed that the early stages of flowering were controllable processes; however, differences became non-significant after 18 h, indicating cellular damage. In addition, phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities increased throughout the flowering process, suggesting that lipid hydrolysis and oxidation had intensified. Lipidomics identified 558 lipids that changed during flowering, with the most different lipids found 12 h before and 12 h after flowering. Transcriptome analysis identified 13 key functional genes and enzymes in the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. The two-way orthogonal partial least squares analysis showed that diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase correlated strongly and positively with phosphatidic acid (PA)(22:0/18:2), PA(34:2), PA(34:4), and diacylglycerol(18:2/21:0) but negatively with phospholipase C. In addition, ethanolamine phosphotransferase gene and phospholipid-N-methyltransferase gene correlated positively with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(16:0/18:2), PE(16:0/18:3), PE(33:2), and lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0) but negatively with PE(34:1). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study elucidated changes in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway during the daylily flowering process, as well as characteristic genes, thus providing a basis for future studies of glycerophospholipids and signal transduction in daylilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Guo
- Department of life science, Lyuliang University, Lvliang, 033000, China
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of life science, Lyuliang University, Lvliang, 033000, China
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Nannan Qin
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Feifan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China.
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China.
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Feng G, Zhong Y, Zou W. Lipid transporter LSR1 positively regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2007328. [PMID: 34806532 PMCID: PMC8896191 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2007328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage in the life history of a leaf, whereby plants relocate nutrients from leaves to other developing organs. Recent efforts have begun to focus on understanding the network-based molecular mechanism that incorporates various environmental signals and leaf age information and involves a complex process with the coordinated actions of multiple pathways. Here, we identified a novel participant, named LSR1 (Leaf Senescence Related 1), that involved in the regulation of leaf senescence. Loss-of-function lsr1-1 mutant showed delayed leaf senescence whereas the overexpression of LSR1 accelerated senescence. LSR1 encodes a lipid transfer protein, and the results show that the protein is located in chloroplast and intercellular space. The LSR1 may be involved in the regulation of leaf senescence by transporting lipids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanping Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yihui Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Wenying Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi, PR China
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Yao Y, Deng Y, Liang Y, Li X, Tang X, Lin M, Xu C, Fu L, Lin B. Convenient, nondestructive monitoring and sustained-release of ethephon/chitosan film for on-demand of fruit ripening. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:338-347. [PMID: 35716789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure changes (such as micro defects and free volume, etc.) is a deep factor that determines the sustained release behavior of polymer film. However, there are few reports exploring the micro defects of sustained-release materials. Herein, we develop a facile method to non-destructive monitoring and sustained-release ethylene within chitosan. The comprehensive means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectrums are performed together to study the microstructures change of ethylene sustained-release and its mechanism. When ethylene is in chitosan film, it shows good ripening performance and mechanical properties. The sustained-release ethylene improves its bioavailability and can control the fruit-ripening on-demand. More importantly, the microstructural changes of cavities have a significant impact on the sustained release of ethylene, due to the creation of cavities, the free volume of positrons undergoes a process of increasing from less to more and then gradually decreasing, reaching a maximum at 120 h. Furthermore, the ethephon/chitosan film could on-demand control the ripening time of mangoes and bananas. Therefore, this research presents a comprehensive means to study of microstructure change monitoring and controllable sustained release, and provides the possibility to solve the problem of on-demand ripening of fruit and reducing pesticide residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yongfu Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yuntong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Minjie Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Lihua Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Baofeng Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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7
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Maibam A, Lone SA, Ningombam S, Gaikwad K, Amitha Mithra SV, Singh MP, Singh SP, Dalal M, Padaria JC. Transcriptome Analysis of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Provides Insight Into Heat Stress Responses. Front Genet 2022; 13:884106. [PMID: 35719375 PMCID: PMC9201763 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.884106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., being widely grown in dry and hot weather, frequently encounters heat stress at various stages of growth. The crop, due to its inherent capacity, efficiently overcomes such stress during vegetative stages. However, the same is not always the case with the terminal (flowering through grain filling) stages of growth, where recovery from stress is more challenging. However, certain pearl millet genotypes such as 841-B are known to overcome heat stress even at the terminal growth stages. Therefore, we performed RNA sequencing of two contrasting genotypes of pearl millet (841-B and PPMI-69) subjected to heat stress (42°C for 6 h) at flowering stages. Over 274 million high quality reads with an average length of 150 nt were generated, which were assembled into 47,310 unigenes having an average length of 1,254 nucleotides, N50 length of 1853 nucleotides, and GC content of 53.11%. Blastx resulted in the annotation of 35,628 unigenes, and functional classification showed 15,950 unigenes designated to 51 Gene Ontology terms. A total of 13,786 unigenes were allocated to 23 Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 4,255 unigenes were distributed to 132 functional Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database pathways. A total of 12,976 simple sequence repeats and 305,759 SNPs were identified in the transcriptome data. Out of 2,301 differentially expressed genes, 10 potential candidate genes were selected based on log2 fold change and adjusted p value parameters for their differential gene expression by qRT-PCR. We were able to identify differentially expressed genes unique to either of the two genotypes, and also, some DEGs common to both the genotypes were enriched. The differential expression patterns suggested that 841-B 6 h has better ability to maintain homeostasis during heat stress as compared to PPMI-69 6 h. The sequencing data generated in this study, like the SSRs and SNPs, shall serve as an important resource for the development of genetic markers, and the differentially expressed heat responsive genes shall be used for the development of transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Maibam
- PG School, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Lone
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Ningombam
- PG School, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S. V. Amitha Mithra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research -Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumer Pal Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Monika Dalal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasdeep Chatrath Padaria
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Jasdeep Chatrath Padaria,
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Tsurumoto T, Fujikawa Y, Onoda Y, Ochi Y, Ohta D, Okazawa A. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that narrowband 280 and 310 nm UV-B induce distinctive responses in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4319. [PMID: 35279697 PMCID: PMC8918342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn plants, the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) perceives UV-B and induces UV-B responses. UVR8 absorbs a range of UV-B (260–335 nm). However, the responsiveness of plants to each UV-B wavelength has not been intensively studied so far. Here, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Arabidopsis using UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 280 and 310 nm to investigate the differences in the wavelength-specific UV-B responses. Irradiation with both UV-LEDs induced gene expression of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), which has a central role in the UVR8 signaling pathway. However, the overall transcriptomic and metabolic responses to 280 and 310 nm UV-LED irradiation were different. Most of the known UV-B-responsive genes, such as defense-related genes, responded only to 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. Lipids, polyamines and organic acids were the metabolites most affected by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation, whereas the effect of 310 nm UV-LED irradiation on the metabolome was considerably less. Enzymatic genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway upstream in anthocyanin biosynthesis were up-regulated only by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. These results revealed that the responsivenesses of Arabidopsis to 280 and 310 nm UV-B were significantly different, suggesting that UV-B signaling is mediated by more complex pathways than the current model.
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He H, Song XQ, Jiang C, Liu YL, Wang D, Wen SS, Chai GH, Zhao ST, Lu MZ. The role of senescence-associated gene101 (PagSAG101a) in the regulation of secondary xylem formation in poplar. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:73-86. [PMID: 34845845 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wood is produced by the accumulation of secondary xylem via proliferation and differentiation of the cambium cells in woody plants. Identifying the regulators involved in this process remains a challenging task. In this study, we isolated PagSAG101a, the homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana SAG101, from a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) clone 84K and investigated its role in secondary xylem development. PagSAG101a was expressed predominantly in lignified stems and localized in the nucleus. Compared with non-transgenic 84K plants, transgenic plants overexpressing PagSAG101a displayed increased plant height, internode number, stem diameter, xylem width, and secondary cell wall thickness, while opposite phenotypes were observed for PagSAG101a knock-out plants. Transcriptome analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched for those controlling cambium cell division activity and subsequent secondary cell wall deposition during xylem formation. In addition, the tandem CCCH zinc finger protein PagC3H17, which positively regulates secondary xylem width and secondary wall thickening in poplar, could bind to the promoter of PagSAG101a and mediate the regulation of xylem differentiation. Our results support that PagSAG101a, downstream of PagC3H17, functions in wood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xue-Qin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ying-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Dian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guo-Hua Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shu-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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10
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Diverse Effect of Two Cytokinins, Kinetin and Benzyladenine, on Plant Development, Biotic Stress Tolerance, and Gene Expression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121404. [PMID: 34947935 PMCID: PMC8706806 DOI: 10.3390/life11121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormones cytokinins affect a various array of plant growth and development processes as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the opposite effect of two different cytokinins kinetin (N6-furfuryladenine) and benzyladenine (BA) on development and on the tolerance of Arabidopsis and tobacco plants to virus, bacteria, and fungi infection was reported. Treatments of Arabidopsis and tobacco seedlings with saturated solutions of BA inhibited plant progress, while treatments with saturated water solution of kinetin promoted plant development. Furthermore, BA pre-treatments strongly reduced the number of TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus) lesions on tobacco and the tissue damage caused by the incompatible Pseudomonas bacteria on Arabidopsis and tobacco leaves. Similarly, BA pre-treatment significantly reduced the necrotic disease symptoms of Botrytis cinerea infection. Kinetin pre-treatments had a much weaker or no protective effect on the damage caused by the above pathogens. Accordingly, Arabidopsis gene expression profiles after treatments also showed that the two cytokinins have different effects on several plant processes. The gene expression results supported the more robust effect of BA, which up and downregulated more than 2000 genes, while only 436 genes were influenced by kinetin treatment. It is noteworthy that BA and kinetin treatment changed gene expressions in the same direction only in a relatively few cases (73 upregulated and 70 downregulated genes), and even 28 genes were regulated into the opposite directions by BA and kinetin. Both treatments had a strong effect on auxin and gibberellin-related genes, but only BA had a significant effect on cytokinin-induced processes. While kinetin exclusively activated the flavonoid synthesis genes, BA affected more significantly protein synthesis, photosynthesis, and plant defence-related genes. In conclusion, BA solution had sometimes the opposite and generally a much stronger effect than kinetin solution not only on the development and on biotic stress tolerance of tobacco and Arabidopsis plants but also on the gene expressions. The stronger protective effect of BA to necrotic stresses is probably due to its stronger senescence inhibitory effect on plant tissues, as supported by the stronger chlorophyll retardation of the BA-treated leaves.
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Ivanova L, Uhlig S, Sivertsvik M, Sone I, Fernández EN, Fæste CK. Impact of Plasma-Activated Water Treatment on Quality and Shelf-Life of Fresh Spinach Leaves Evaluated by Comprehensive Metabolomic Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123067. [PMID: 34945618 PMCID: PMC8702185 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh baby spinach leaves are popular in salads and are sold as chilled and plastic-packed products. They are of high nutritional value but very perishable due to microbial contamination and enzymatic browning resulting from leaf senescence. Therefore, innovative food processing methods such as plasma-activated water (PAW) treatment are being explored regarding their applicability for ensuring food safety. PAW’s impact on food quality and shelf-life extension has, however, not been investigated extensively in vegetables so far. In the present study, a comprehensive metabolomic analysis was performed to determine possible changes in the metabolite contents of spinach leaves stored in a refrigerated state for eight days. Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry, followed by stringent biostatistics, was used to compare the metabolomes in control, tap-water-rinsed or PAW-rinsed samples. No significant differences were discernible between the treatment groups at the beginning or end of the storage period. The observed loss of nutrients and activation of catabolic pathways were characteristic of a transition into the senescent state. Nonetheless, the presence of several polyphenolic antioxidants and γ-linolenic acid in the PAW-treated leaves indicated a significant increase in stress resistance and health-promoting antioxidant capacity in the sample. Furthermore, the enhancement of carbohydrate-related metabolisms indicated a delay in the senescence development. These findings demonstrated the potential of PAW to benefit food quality and the shelf-life of fresh spinach leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Daniel Rangel-Huerta
- Section for Chemistry and Toxinology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway; (L.I.); (S.U.); (C.K.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-48646871
| | - Lada Ivanova
- Section for Chemistry and Toxinology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway; (L.I.); (S.U.); (C.K.F.)
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Section for Chemistry and Toxinology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway; (L.I.); (S.U.); (C.K.F.)
| | - Morten Sivertsvik
- Nofima AS, Department of Processing Technology, Richard Johnsens Gate 4, 4021 Stavanger, Norway; (M.S.); (I.S.); (E.N.F.)
| | - Izumi Sone
- Nofima AS, Department of Processing Technology, Richard Johnsens Gate 4, 4021 Stavanger, Norway; (M.S.); (I.S.); (E.N.F.)
| | - Estefanía Noriega Fernández
- Nofima AS, Department of Processing Technology, Richard Johnsens Gate 4, 4021 Stavanger, Norway; (M.S.); (I.S.); (E.N.F.)
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Christiane Kruse Fæste
- Section for Chemistry and Toxinology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway; (L.I.); (S.U.); (C.K.F.)
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12
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Ozturk M, Metin M, Altay V, De Filippis L, Ünal BT, Khursheed A, Gul A, Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Kawano T, Caparrós PG. Molecular Biology of Cadmium Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4832-4846. [PMID: 33462792 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal mainly originating from industrial activities and causes environmental pollution. To better understand its toxicity and pollution remediation, we must understand the effects of Cd on living beings. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) is an eukaryotic unicellular model organism. It has provided much scientific knowledge about cellular and molecular biology in addition to its economic benefits. Effects associated with copper and zinc, sulfur and selenium metabolism, calcium (Ca2+) balance/signaling, and structure of phospholipids as a result of exposure to cadmium have been evaluated. In yeast as a result of cadmium stress, "mitogen-activated protein kinase," "high osmolarity glycerol," and "cell wall integrity" pathways have been reported to activate different signaling pathways. In addition, abnormalities and changes in protein structure, ribosomes, cell cycle disruption, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) following cadmium cytotoxicity have also been detailed. Moreover, the key OLE1 gene that encodes for delta-9 FA desaturase in relation to cadmium toxicity has been discussed in more detail. Keeping all these studies in mind, an attempt has been made to evaluate published cellular and molecular toxicity data related to Cd stress, and specifically published on S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Ozturk
- Department of Botany and Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mert Metin
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Luigi De Filippis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 123, Australia
| | - Bengu Turkyilmaz Ünal
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biotechnology, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Anum Khursheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamuran Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Pedro García Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañadade San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Lee BR, Zaman R, La VH, Park SH, Kim TH. Ethephon-Induced Ethylene Enhances Protein Degradation in Source Leaves, but Its High Endogenous Level Inhibits the Development of Regenerative Organs in Brassica napus. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101993. [PMID: 34685802 PMCID: PMC8537263 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory role of ethylene in the source-sink relationship for nitrogen remobilization, short-term effects of treatment with different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm) of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, an ethylene inducing agent) for 10 days (EXP 1) and long-term effects at 20 days (Day 30) after treatment with 100 ppm for 10 days (EXP 2) on protein degradation and amino acid transport in foliar sprayed mature leaves of Brassica napus (cv. Mosa) were determined. In EXP 1, endogenous ethylene concentration gradually increased in response to the treated ethephon concentration, leading to the upregulation of senescence-associated gene 12 (SAG12) expression and downregulation of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (CAB) expression. Further, the increase in ethylene concentration caused a reduction in protein, Rubisco, and amino acid contents in the mature leaves. However, the activity of protease and expression of amino acid transporter (AAP6), an amino acid transport gene, were not significantly affected or slightly suppressed between the treatments with 50 and 75 ppm. In EXP 2, the enhanced ethylene level reduced photosynthetic pigments, leading to an inhibition of flower development without any pod development. A significant increase in protease activity, confirmed using in-gel staining of protease, was also observed in the ethephon-treated mature leaves. Ethephon application enhanced the expression of four amino acid transporter genes (AAP1, AAP2, AAP4, and AAP6) and the phloem loading of amino acids. Significant correlations between ethylene level, induced by ethephon application, and the descriptive parameters of protein degradation and amino acid transport were revealed. These results indicated that an increase in ethylene upregulated nitrogen remobilization in the mature leaves (source), which was accompanied by an increase in proteolytic activity and amino acid transport, but had no benefit to pod (sink) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.)
- Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Rashed Zaman
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Van Hien La
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City 24119, Vietnam
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.)
- Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-2126
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Hong K, Chen L, Gu H, Zhang X, Chen J, Nile SH, Hu M, Gong D, Song K, Hou X, Chen J, Yao Q, Fan Z, Yuan D. Novel Insight into the Relationship between Metabolic Profile and Fatty Acid Accumulation Altering Cellular Lipid Content in Pineapple Fruits at Different Stages of Maturity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8578-8589. [PMID: 34310150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pineapple fruits are usually harvested at different stages of maturity, based on consumer demands. The stage of maturity significantly affects the storage tolerance due to alterations in the cellular lipid homeostasis in the fruits. The characteristic abundance of metabolites and fatty acids (FAs) can provide vital information giving insight into the cellular lipid changes that occur during the ripening process in the fruits. Here, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, largely based on the analysis of widely targeted metabolomics, was applied to evaluate the differences in the metabolites among the pineapple at three different stages of maturity namely, pineapples at the young fruit (YF), mature fruit (MF), and fully mature fruit (FMF) stages. In this study, 466 metabolites were annotated and identified. Among these, 59 lipids, including the glyceride esters, fatty acids and conjugates, and lysophospholipids (LPLs) were characterized. Notably, the LPLs were down-regulated in their relative abundance in the MF compared with the YF, and subsequently they remained almost stable in the FMF stage. The FA profiling results revealed the presence of certain unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs); besides, the total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) to saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio, as well as the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to SFA ratio, showed noticeable decrease during the ripening process. The differential accumulation patterns of the LPLs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and SFAs imply that the lipid degradation and peroxidation take place in the pineapple fruits from the YF to MF and YF to FMF stages, respectively. The present study provides new insights into the alterations in the cellular lipid metabolism underlying the metabolite profiles and accumulation of FAs in pineapple fruits during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqian Hong
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Division of Plant and Food Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Meijiao Hu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Deqiang Gong
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Kanghua Song
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Xiaowan Hou
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Quansheng Yao
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Debao Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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15
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KARA K. Nutrient matter, fatty acids, in vitro gas production and digestion of herbage and silage quality of yellow sweet clover ( Melilotus officinalis L.) at different phenological stages. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/136401/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Zheng Y, Xu J, Wang F, Tang Y, Wei Z, Ji Z, Wang C, Zhao K. Mutation Types of CYP71P1 Cause Different Phenotypes of Mosaic Spot Lesion and Premature Leaf Senescence in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641300. [PMID: 33833770 PMCID: PMC8021961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are ideal materials for studying programmed cell death and defense response in plants. Here we report investigations on two LMMs (msl-1 and msl-2) from the indica rice cultivar JG30 treated by ethyl methyl sulfone. Both of the mutants showed similar mosaic spot lesions at seedling stage, but they displayed different phenotypes along with development of the plants. At tillering stage, larger orange spots appeared on leaves of msl-2, while only small reddish-brown spots exhibit on leaves of msl-1. At heading stage, the msl-2 plants were completely dead, while the msl-1 plants were still alive even if showed apparent premature senility. For both the mutants, the mosaic spot lesion formation was induced by light; DAB and trypan blue staining showed a large amount of hydrogen peroxide accumulated at the lesion sites, accompanied by a large number of cell death. Consequently, reactive oxygen species were enriched in leaves of the mutants; SOD and CAT activities in the scavenging enzyme system were decreased compared with the wild type. In addition, degraded chloroplasts, decreased photosynthetic pigment content, down-regulated expression of genes associated with chloroplast synthesis/photosynthesis and up-regulated expression of genes related to senescence were detected in the mutants, but the abnormality of msl-2 was more serious than that of msl-1 in general. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning revealed that the lesion mimic and premature senescence traits of both the mutants were controlled by recessive mutated alleles of the SL (Sekiguchi lesion) gene, which encodes the CYP71P1 protein belonging to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family. The difference of mutation sites and mutation types (SNP-caused single amino acid change and SNP-caused early termination of translation) led to the different phenotypes in severity between msl-1 and msl-2. Taken together, this work revealed that the CYP71P1 is involved in regulation of both premature senescence and cell death in rice, and its different mutation sites and mutation types could cause different phenotypes in terms of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangmin Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Rice Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Tang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ji
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlian Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Torabi S, Sukumaran A, Dhaubhadel S, Johnson SE, LaFayette P, Parrott WA, Rajcan I, Eskandari M. Effects of type I Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) genes on soybean (Glycine max L.) seed composition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2556. [PMID: 33510334 PMCID: PMC7844222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) catalyzes the final step of the biosynthesis process of triacylglycerol (TAG), the major storage lipids in plant seeds, through the esterification of diacylglycerol (DAG). To characterize the function of DGAT1 genes on the accumulation of oil and other seed composition traits in soybean, transgenic lines were generated via trans-acting siRNA technology, in which three DGAT1 genes (Glyma.13G106100, Glyma.09G065300, and Glyma.17G053300) were downregulated. The simultaneous downregulation of the three isoforms in transgenic lines was found to be associated with the reduction of seed oil concentrations by up to 18 mg/g (8.3%), which was correlated with increases in seed protein concentration up to 42 mg/g (11%). Additionally, the downregulations also influenced the fatty acid compositions in the seeds of transgenic lines through increasing the level of oleic acid, up to 121 mg/g (47.3%). The results of this study illustrate the importance of DGAT1 genes in determining the seed compositions in soybean through the development of new potential technology for manipulating seed quality in soybean to meet the demands for its various food and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Torabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Arjun Sukumaran
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Peter LaFayette
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wayne A Parrott
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Istvan Rajcan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Milad Eskandari
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Zheng S, Hao Y, Fan S, Cai J, Chen W, Li X, Zhu X. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Provide Novel Insights into Fruit Ripening and Ripening Disorder Caused by 1-MCP Treatments in Papaya. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020916. [PMID: 33477620 PMCID: PMC7831311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with 1-methylcyclopropylene (1-MCP) is an effective technique to preserve fruits, but inappropriate treatment with 1-MCP causes a ripening disorder (rubbery texture) in papaya fruit. In this study, a combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was conducted to reveal the possible mechanism of the ripening disorder caused by unsuitable 1-MCP in papaya. A total of 203 differential accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the metabolome analysis. Only 24 DAMs were identified in the control (CK) vs. the 1-MCP 2 h group, and they were primarily flavonoids. Ninety and 89 DAMs were identified in the CK vs. 1-MCP 16 h and 1-MCP 2 h vs. 1-MCP 16 h groups, respectively, indicating that long-term 1-MCP treatment severely altered the metabolites during fruit ripening. 1-MCP 16 h treatment severely reduced the number of metabolites, which primarily consisted of flavonoids, lipids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and organic acids. An integrated analysis of RNA-Seq and metabolomics showed that various energy metabolites for the tricarboxylic acid cycle were reduced by long-term treatment with 1-MCP, and the glycolic acid cycle was the most significantly affected, as well as the phenylpropane pathway. These results provide valuable information for fruit quality control and new insight into the ripening disorder caused by unsuitable treatment with 1-MCP in papaya.
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Marchioni I, Pistelli L, Ferri B, Copetta A, Ruffoni B, Pistelli L, Najar B. Phytonutritional Content and Aroma Profile Changes During Postharvest Storage of Edible Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:590968. [PMID: 33329654 PMCID: PMC7731506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.590968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers are niche horticultural products, routinely used as cooking ingredients in the food industry. Currently, new species are required with the aim of enlarging the number of species with a long shelf-life, healthy nutraceutical compounds, and new fragrance and tastes. Ageratum houstonianum Mill, Tagetes lemmonii A. Gray, Salvia dorisiana Standl, and Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) L'Hér "Lemon" were selected for their different morphological characteristics and color. Fresh flowers were analyzed to characterize their phytonutritional content and aroma profile. Postharvest was determined up to 6 days of cold storage at 4°C in transparent polypropylene boxes. Visual quality and cellular membrane damage were observed. The relative content of different antioxidant constituents (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid), nutritional compounds (soluble sugars, crude proteins), the antioxidant scavenging activity, and the volatile profile were determined and correlated to the quality of shelf-life of the different species. The yellow T. lemmonii freshly picked flowers showed the highest ascorbic acid and flavonoids content, which was maintained during the cold storage, as well as the best visual quality. Limited changes in metabolites were detected in the light blue A. houstonianum during postharvest, although the visual quality is severely compromised. Magenta S. dorisiana and light pink P. odoratissimum showed similar changes in antioxidant constituents during cold storage. For the first time, the volatile compounds have been identified in the four species. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are the main class in fresh flowers of A. houstonianum, S. dorisiana, and P. odoratissimum, while monoterpene hydrocarbons are abundant in T. lemmonii. The cold storage influenced mainly P. odoratissimum and S. dorisiana flavor initially dominated by the increase in total monoterpenes at 6 days, reaching a relative content of 90%. Both A. houstonianum and T. lemmonii conserved the prevalence of the same class of constituents in all the analyzed conditions, even though the cold storage influenced the major compound abundance. On the basis of the results, T. lemmonii was the most interesting species with the longest shelf-life due to its phytonutritional and aromatic constituents. Results indicated the peculiar metabolic and physiological attitude of flowers species to cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marchioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center NUTRAFOOD “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Copetta
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA), Sanremo, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruffoni
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA), Sanremo, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center NUTRAFOOD “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Basma Najar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Xu C, Fan J, Shanklin J. Metabolic and functional connections between cytoplasmic and chloroplast triacylglycerol storage. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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do Amaral MN, Arge LWP, Auler PA, Rossatto T, Milech C, Magalhães AMD, Braga EJB. Long-term transcriptional memory in rice plants submitted to salt shock. PLANTA 2020; 251:111. [PMID: 32474838 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A first salt shock event alters transcriptional and physiological responses to a second event, being possible to identify 26 genes associated with long-term memory. Soil salinity significantly affects rice cultivation, resulting in large losses in growth and productivity. Studies report that a disturbing event can prepare the plant for a subsequent event through memory acquisition, involving physiological and molecular processes. Therefore, genes that provide altered responses in subsequent events define a category known as "memory genes". In this work, the RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technique was used to analyse the transcriptional profile of rice plants subjected to different salt shock events and to characterise genes associated with long-term memory. Plants subjected to recurrent salt shock showed differences in stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index, electrolyte leakage, and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and they had lower Na+/K+ ratios than plants that experienced only one stress event. Additionally, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, and carbohydrate and amino acid-associated pathways were altered under all conditions. Memory genes can be classified according to their responses during the first event (+ or -) and the second shock event (+ or -), being possible to observe a larger number of transcripts for groups [+ /-] and [-/ +], genes characterised as "revised response." This is the first long-term transcriptional memory study in rice plants under salt shock, providing new insights into the process of plant memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N do Amaral
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luis Willian P Arge
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Plant Biotechnology, CCS Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Auler
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rossatto
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristini Milech
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Eugenia Jacira B Braga
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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22
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Zhang C, Qu Y, Lian Y, Chapman M, Chapman N, Xin J, Xin H, Liu L. A new insight into the mechanism for cytosolic lipid droplet degradation in senescent leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:835-844. [PMID: 31639226 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence involves lipid droplet (LD) degradation that produces toxic fatty acids, but little is known about how the toxic metabolites are isolated from the rest of the cellular components. Our ultramicroscopic characterization of cytosolic LD degradation in central vacuole-absent cells and central vacuole-containing cells of senescent watermelon leaves demonstrated two degradation pathways: the small vacuole-associated pathway and the central vacuole-associated pathway. This provided an insight into the subcellular mechanisms for the isolation of the fatty acids derived from LDs. The central vacuole-containing cells, including mesophyll cells and vascular parenchyma cells, adopted the central vacuole-associated pathway, indicated by the presence of LDs in the central vacuole, which is believed to play a crucial role in scavenging toxic metabolites. The central vacuole-absent intermediary cells, where senescence caused the occurrence of numerous small vacuoles, adopted the small vacuole-associated pathway, evidenced by the occurrence of LDs in the small vacuoles. The assembly of organelles, including LDs, small vacuoles, mitochondria and peroxisome-like organelles, occurred in the central vacuole-absent intermediary cell in response to leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Yuangang Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Yuji Lian
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Mingyu Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Navid Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Jie Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Huawei Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
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23
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Song J, Wu G, Li T, Liu C, Li D. Changes in the sugars, amino acids and organic acids of postharvest spermine-treated immature vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy was adopted to determine compositional changes (mainly sugars, organic acids and amino acids) involved in cold-stored immature soybean grains after exogenous spermine treatment. Significant changes of sugars, including sucrose, galactose, myo-inositol, glucose and fructose were detected in soybean after spermine treatment. As for the organic acids related to tricarboxylic acid cycle, the levels of malic and fumaric acids decreased but the level of citric acid increased. However, no significant changes were observed for amino acids in spermine-treated soybeans. By using metabolic profile analysis, a difference was observed between the aging of soybean grains as such and those treated with spermine. This study provides an insight into the accumulation of metabolites in postharvest immature soybeans after exogenous spermine-treatment.
Graphical abstract
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24
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Yan H, Jia S, Mao P. Melatonin Priming Alleviates Aging-Induced Germination Inhibition by Regulating β-oxidation, Protein Translation, and Antioxidant Metabolism in Oat ( Avena sativa L.) Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051898. [PMID: 32164355 PMCID: PMC7084597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin has been reported to play an important role in regulating metabolic events under adverse stresses, its underlying mechanisms on germination in aged seeds remain unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of melatonin priming (MP) on embryos of aged oat seeds in relation to germination, ultrastructural changes, antioxidant responses, and protein profiles. Proteomic analysis revealed, in total, 402 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in normal, aged, and aged + MP embryos. The downregulated DEPs in aged embryos were enriched in sucrose metabolism, glycolysis, β-oxidation of lipid, and protein synthesis. MP (200 μM) turned four downregulated DEPs into upregulated DEPs, among which, especially 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase-like protein (KATLP) involved in the β-oxidation pathway played a key role in maintaining TCA cycle stability and providing more energy for protein translation. Furthermore, it was found that MP enhanced antioxidant capacity in the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system, declined reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improved cell ultrastructure. These results indicated that the impaired germination and seedling growth of aged seeds could be rescued to a certain level by melatonin, predominantly depending on β-oxidation, protein translation, and antioxidant protection of AsA-GSH. This work reveals new insights into melatonin-mediated mechanisms from protein profiles that occur in embryos of oat seeds processed by both aging and priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yan
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (S.J.)
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shangang Jia
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (S.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (S.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62733311
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25
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Rani MH, Liu Q, Yu N, Zhang Y, Wang B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Islam MA, Zegeye WA, Cao L, Cheng S. ES5 is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis and impacts on early senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:501-515. [PMID: 31919641 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00961-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, which affects plant growth and yield in rice, is an ideal target for crop improvement and remarkable advances have been made to identify the mechanism underlying this process. We have characterized an early senile mutant es5 (early leaf senescence 5) in rice exhibiting leaf yellowing phenotype after the 4-leaf stage. This phenotype was confirmed by the higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the disintegration of chloroplasts, reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate and up-regulation of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) like Osh36, OsI57, and OsI85. Positional cloning revealed that the es5 phenotype is the result of one base substitution in ES5, encoding phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) family protein, which is involved in the base-exchange type reaction to synthesize the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Functional complementation of ES5 in the es5 plants completely restored the wild-type phenotype. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis showed that es5 plants had increased levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) and decreased level of phosphatidylcholine (PC). These results provide evidence about the role of PS in rice leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Rani
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Md Anowerul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Workie Anley Zegeye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Rani MH, Liu Q, Yu N, Zhang Y, Wang B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Islam MA, Zegeye WA, Cao L, Cheng S. ES5 is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis and impacts on early senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:501-515. [PMID: 31919641 PMCID: PMC7026238 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, which affects plant growth and yield in rice, is an ideal target for crop improvement and remarkable advances have been made to identify the mechanism underlying this process. We have characterized an early senile mutant es5 (early leaf senescence 5) in rice exhibiting leaf yellowing phenotype after the 4-leaf stage. This phenotype was confirmed by the higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the disintegration of chloroplasts, reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate and up-regulation of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) like Osh36, OsI57, and OsI85. Positional cloning revealed that the es5 phenotype is the result of one base substitution in ES5, encoding phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) family protein, which is involved in the base-exchange type reaction to synthesize the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Functional complementation of ES5 in the es5 plants completely restored the wild-type phenotype. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis showed that es5 plants had increased levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) and decreased level of phosphatidylcholine (PC). These results provide evidence about the role of PS in rice leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Rani
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Md Anowerul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Workie Anley Zegeye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Rajakumar S, Abhishek A, Selvam GS, Nachiappan V. Effect of cadmium on essential metals and their impact on lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:19-33. [PMID: 31823289 PMCID: PMC6985397 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that induces irregularity in numerous lipid metabolic pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model to study lipid metabolism, has been used to establish the molecular basis of cellular responses to Cd toxicity in relation to essential minerals and lipid homeostasis. Multiple pathways sense these environmental stresses and trigger the mineral imbalances specifically calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn). This review is aimed to elucidate the role of Cd toxicity in yeast, in three different perspectives: (1) elucidate stress response and its adaptation to Cd, (2) understand the physiological role of a macromolecule such as lipids, and (3) study the stress rescue mechanism. Here, we explored the impact of Cd interference on the essential minerals such as Zn and Ca and their influence on endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. Cd toxicity contributes to lipid droplet synthesis by activating OLE1 that is essential to alleviate lipotoxicity. In this review, we expanded our current findings about the effect of Cd on lipid metabolism of budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Rajakumar
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India.
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
| | - Albert Abhishek
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Eukaryotic Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
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28
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Shahbazy M, Moradi P, Ertaylan G, Zahraei A, Kompany-Zareh M. FTICR mass spectrometry-based multivariate analysis to explore distinctive metabolites and metabolic pathways: A comprehensive bioanalytical strategy toward time-course metabolic profiling of Thymus vulgaris plants responding to drought stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110257. [PMID: 31779919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this research, metabolic profiling/pathways of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) plant were assessed during a water deficit stress using an FTICR mass spectrometry-based metabolomics strategy incorporating multivariate data analysis and bioinformatics techniques. Herein, differences of MS signals in specific time courses after water deficit stress and control cases without any timing period were distinguished significantly by common pattern recognition techniques, i.e., PCA, HCA-Heatmap, and PLS-DA. Subsequently, the results were compared with supervised Kohonen neural network (SKN) ones as a non-linear data visualization and capable mapping tool. The classification models showed excellent performance to predict the level of drought stress. By assessing variances contribution on the PCA-loadings of the MS data, the discriminant variables related to the most critical metabolites were identified and then confirmed by ANOVA. Indeed, FTICR MS-based multivariate analysis strategy could explore distinctive metabolites and metabolic pathways/profiles, grouped into three metabolism categories including amino acids, carbohydrates (i.e., galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, and mannose), and other metabolites (rosmarinic acid and citrate), to indicate biological mechanisms in response to drought stress for thyme. It was achieved and approved through the MS signals, genomics databases, and transcriptomics factors to interpret and predict the plant metabolic behavior. Eventually, a comprehensive pathway analysis was used to provide a pathway enrichment analysis and explore topological pathway characteristics dealing with the remarkable metabolites to demonstrate that galactose metabolism is the most significant pathway in the biological system of thyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahbazy
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parviz Moradi
- Research Division of Natural Resources, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Gokhan Ertaylan
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University. Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ali Zahraei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kompany-Zareh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran; Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, N.S, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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29
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Lu J, Xu Y, Fan Y, Wang Y, Zhang G, Liang Y, Jiang C, Hong B, Gao J, Ma C. Proteome and Ubiquitome Changes during Rose Petal Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6108. [PMID: 31817087 PMCID: PMC6940906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Petal senescence involves numerous programmed changes in biological and biochemical processes. Ubiquitination plays a critical role in protein degradation, a hallmark of organ senescence. Therefore, we investigated changes in the proteome and ubiquitome of senescing rose (Rosa hybrida) petals to better understand their involvement in petal senescence. Of 3859 proteins quantified in senescing petals, 1198 were upregulated, and 726 were downregulated during senescence. We identified 2208 ubiquitinated sites, including 384 with increased ubiquitination in 298 proteins and 1035 with decreased ubiquitination in 674 proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that proteins related to peptidases in proteolysis and autophagy pathways were enriched in the proteome, suggesting that protein degradation and autophagy play important roles in petal senescence. In addition, many transporter proteins accumulated in senescing petals, and several transport processes were enriched in the ubiquitome, indicating that transport of substances is associated with petal senescence and regulated by ubiquitination. Moreover, several components of the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and signaling pathways were significantly altered at the protein and ubiquitination levels, implying that BR plays an important role in petal senescence. Our data provide a comprehensive view of rose petal senescence at the posttranslational level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.F.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (B.H.); (J.G.)
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30
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Ahkami AH, Wang W, Wietsma TW, Winkler T, Lange I, Jansson C, Lange BM, McDowell NG. Metabolic shifts associated with drought-induced senescence in Brachypodium. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110278. [PMID: 31623774 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic underpinnings of plant survival under severe drought-induced senescence conditions are poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the morphological, physiological and metabolic responses to sustained water deficit in Brachypodium distachyon, a model organism for research on temperate grasses. Relative to control plants, fresh biomass, leaf water potential, and chlorophyll levels decreased rapidly in plants grown under drought conditions, demonstrating an early onset of senescence. The leaf C/N ratio and protein content showed an increase in plants subjected to drought stress. The concentrations of several small molecule carbohydrates and amino acid-derived metabolites previously implicated in osmotic protection increased rapidly in plants experiencing water deficit. Malic acid, a low molecular weight organic acid with demonstrated roles in stomatal closure, also increased rapidly as a response to drought treatment. The concentrations of prenyl lipids, such as phytol and α-tocopherol, increased early during the drought treatment but then dropped dramatically. Surprisingly, continued changes in the quantities of metabolites were observed, even in samples harvested from visibly senesced plants. The data presented here provide insights into the processes underlying persistent metabolic activity during sustained water deficit and can aid in identifying mechanisms of drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Ahkami
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas W Wietsma
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tanya Winkler
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Iris Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Christer Jansson
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - B Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
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31
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Novel cis-acting regulatory elements in wild Oryza species impart improved rice bran quality by lowering the expression of phospholipase D alpha1 enzyme (OsPLDα1). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:401-422. [PMID: 31642040 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran oil is good quality edible oil, rich in antioxidants and comprised typically of oleic-linoleic type fatty acids. However, presence of a highly lipolytic enzyme Phospholipase D alpha1 (OsPLDα1) increases free fatty acid content in the oil which further leads to stale flavor and rancidity of the oil, making it unfit for human consumption. In this study, we compared the upstream regions of OsPLDα1 orthologs across 34 accessions representing 5 wild Oryza species and 8 cultivars, to uncover sequence variations and identify cis-elements involved in differential transcription of orthologs. Alignment of the upstream sequences to the Nipponbare OsPLDα1 reference sequence revealed the presence of 39 SNPs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the selected cultivars and wild species accessions are closely related to the reference except for three accessions of O. rufipogon (IRGC89224, IRGC104425, and IRGC105902). Furthermore, using exon-specific qRT-PCR, OsPLDα1 expression patterns in immature grains indicated significant differences in transcript abundance between the wild species accessions. In comparison to the control, lowest gene expression was observed in IRGC89224 accession (0.20-fold) followed by IRGC105902 (0.26-fold) and IRGC104425 (0.41-fold) accessions. In-silico analysis of the OsPLDα1 promoter revealed that the copy number variations of CGCGBOXAT, GT1CONSENSUS, IBOXCORE, NODCON2GM, OSE2ROOTNODULE, SURECOREATSULTR11, and SORLIP1AT cis-elements play an important role in the transcriptional activities of orthologous genes. Owing to the presence of ARFAT and SEBF elements only in the IRGC89224 accession, which had the lowest gene expression as well, these putative upstream regulatory sequences have been identified as novel cis-elements which may act as repressors in regulating the OsPLDα1 gene expression. The accessions identified with low OsPLDα1 expressions could be further deployed as potential donors of ideal OsPLDα1 allele for transfer of the desired trait into elite rice cultivars.
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Gao X, Wu X, Liu G, Zhang Z, Chao J, Li Z, Guo Y, Sun Y. Characterization and Mapping of a Novel Premature Leaf Senescence Mutant in Common Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100415. [PMID: 31618834 PMCID: PMC6843228 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As the last stage of plant development, leaf senescence has a great impact on plant’s life cycle. Genetic manipulation of leaf senescence has been used as an efficient approach in improving the yield and quality of crop plants. Here we describe an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis induced premature leaf senescence mutant yellow leaf 1 (yl1) in common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The yl1 plants displayed early leaf yellowing. Physiological parameters and marker genes expression indicated that the yl1 phenotype was caused by premature leaf senescence. Genetic analyses indicated that the yl1 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene that was subsequently mapped to a specific interval of tobacco linkage group 11 using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Exogenous plant hormone treatments of leaves showed that the yl1 mutant was more sensitive to ethylene and jasmonic acid than the wild type. No similar tobacco premature leaf senescence mutants have been reported. This study laid a foundation for finding the gene controlling the mutation phenotype and revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of tobacco leaf senescence in the next stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Plant Genetic, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium.
| | - Xinru Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jiangtao Chao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Abstract
Leaf senescence is an important developmental process involving orderly disassembly of macromolecules for relocating nutrients from leaves to other organs and is critical for plants' fitness. Leaf senescence is the response of an intricate integration of various environmental signals and leaf age information and involves a complex and highly regulated process with the coordinated actions of multiple pathways. Impressive progress has been made in understanding how senescence signals are perceived and processed, how the orderly degeneration process is regulated, how the senescence program interacts with environmental signals, and how senescence regulatory genes contribute to plant productivity and fitness. Employment of systems approaches using omics-based technologies and characterization of key regulators have been fruitful in providing newly emerging regulatory mechanisms. This review mainly discusses recent advances in systems understanding of leaf senescence from a molecular network dynamics perspective. Genetic strategies for improving the productivity and quality of crops are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; ,
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung Ok Lim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; ,
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; ,
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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Xin Z, Chen S, Ge L, Li X, Sun X. The involvement of a herbivore-induced acyl-CoA oxidase gene, CsACX1, in the synthesis of jasmonic acid and its expression in flower opening in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:132-140. [PMID: 30529979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant peroxisomes requires the action of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX; EC 1.3.3.6). Multiple isoforms of ACXs have been identified in various annual herbaceous plants, but the genes encoding these enzymes in perennial woody plants are yet to be fully investigated. In this study, an ACX gene named CsACX1 (GeneBank accession: KX650077.1) was isolated from tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.). CsACX1 was predicted to consist of 664 amino acid residues. Transcriptional analysis revealed that CsACX1 can be induced by mechanical wounding, JA application, and infestation by the tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua Prout and the tea green leafhopper Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda. To further elucidate the function of CsACX1, it was heterologously expressed in a bacterial system and characterized. Recombinant CsACX1 showed preference for C12 ∼ C16-CoA substrates. The constitutive expression of CsACX1 can rescue wound-related JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis mutant acx1. CsACX1 was expressed in different organs, predominantly in flowers. Notably, CsACX1 transcripts were detected up-regulated during flower opening, and the JA levels were correlated with CsACX1 expression. All these results enrich our knowledge of the regulatory pathway involved in the JA biosynthesis in tea, and helps further understand the defense mechanism of tea plant against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Xin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Shenglong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lingang Ge
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiwang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Zhou X, Chen X, Du Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Kong X, Thelen JJ, Chen C, Chen M. Terpenoid Esters Are the Major Constituents From Leaf Lipid Droplets of Camellia sinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:179. [PMID: 30863415 PMCID: PMC6399487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) have been widely found from diverse species and exhibit diverse functions. It remains unexplored what potential roles they played in tea. To address this question, we analyzed the chemical composition and the dynamic changes of cytosolic LDs during leaf growth and diurnal cycle. Using TopFluor cholesterol and Nile Red staining we demonstrated that cytosolic LDs were heterogeneous in tea tree (Camellia sinensis cv. Tieguanyin); the size and number of LDs increased with leaf growth. Compositional analysis showed that terpenoid esters and diacylglycerol are the major components of cytosolic LDs. The contents of total sterol esters (SEs) and β-amyrin esters increased with leaf expansion and growth; individual SE also showed diurnal changes. Our data suggest that cytosolic LDs from tea tree leave mainly serve as storage site for free sterols and triterpenoids in the form of esters. Cytosolic LDs were not the major contributors to the aroma quality of made tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant System Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant System Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenghua Du
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
| | - Jay J. Thelen
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Changsong Chen, Mingjie Chen,
| | - Mingjie Chen
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Changsong Chen, Mingjie Chen,
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Guzmán-Ortiz FA, Castro-Rosas J, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Mora-Escobedo R, Rojas-León A, Rodríguez-Marín ML, Falfán-Cortés RN, Román-Gutiérrez AD. Enzyme activity during germination of different cereals: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2018.1514623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Química (AAQ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo. CP, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional “Adolfo López Mateos”, Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Cda, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Rojas-León
- Área Académica de Química (AAQ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo. CP, Mexico
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Gu L, Wei H, Wang H, Su J, Yu S. Characterization and functional analysis of GhWRKY42, a group IId WRKY gene, in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). BMC Genet 2018; 19:48. [PMID: 30060731 PMCID: PMC6065155 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY transcription factors (TFs) participate in various physiological processes of plants. Although WRKY genes have been well studied in model plants, knowledge of the functional roles of these genes is still extremely limited in cotton. RESULTS In this study, a group IId WRKY gene from cotton, GhWRKY42, was isolated and characterized. Our data showed that GhWRKY42 localized to the nucleus. A transactivation assay in yeast demonstrated that GhWRKY42 was not a transcriptional activator. A β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity assay revealed that the promoter of GhWRKY42 showed fragment deletion activity in Nicotiana tabacum and was mainly expressed in the roots, stems and leaves of ProGhWRKY42::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that GhWRKY42 was up-regulated during leaf senescence and was induced after exposure to abiotic stresses. Constitutive expression of GhWRKY42 in Arabidopsis led to a premature aging phenotype, which was correlated with an increased number of senescent leaves, reduced chlorophyll content and elevated expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs). In addition, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to silence the endogenous GhWRKY42 gene in cotton, and this silencing reduced plant height. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that GhWRKY42 is involved in abiotic stress responses, premature leaf senescence and stem development. This work establishes a solid foundation for further functional analysis of the GhWRKY42 gene in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junji Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Heras RDL, Rodríguez-Gil JL, Sauto JSS, Sánchez PS, Catalá M. Analysis of lipid peroxidation in animal and plant tissues as field-based biomarker in Mediterranean irrigated agroecosystems (Extremadura, Spain). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:567-579. [PMID: 30024830 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1473962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of field-based biomarkers can allow for a more reliable assessment of the exposure of organisms to pollutants. Different sampling sites, along two streams running through an irrigable agricultural area, were selected to evaluate the effect of agrochemical load on the measured endpoints. The levels of lipid peroxidation were evaluated in several organs of Procambarus clarkii. The same method was applied to leaves of two woody species. Determining levels of MDA (malonaldehyde) by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay allows measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation. Differences in lipid peroxidation levels were observed in P. clarkii individuals collected at different sites; however, the patterns varied depending on the organ (when accounting for variations due to sex). The use of a MDA-gills/MDA-hepatopancreas index allowed for discrimination between reference and polluted sites. Significant differences in oxidative damage between sites were found in the leaves of Quercus rotundifolia but not in Salix sp. The lipid peroxidation of crayfish organs and holm oak leaves as a suitable biomarker of environmental pollution deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa De Las Heras
- a Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry , Rey Juan Carlos University , Mostoles , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Gil
- a Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry , Rey Juan Carlos University , Mostoles , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jon San Sebastián Sauto
- b Department of Studies and Consulting, Area of Engineering and Building , Tragsatec , Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Paz Sánchez Sánchez
- b Department of Studies and Consulting, Area of Engineering and Building , Tragsatec , Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Myriam Catalá
- a Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry , Rey Juan Carlos University , Mostoles , Madrid , Spain
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Morin as a Preservative for Delaying Senescence of Banana. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030052. [PMID: 30002341 PMCID: PMC6164001 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Banana is a climacteric fruit with desirable palatability and high nutritional value. It ripens rapidly accompanied with metabolite changes during postharvest storage. In this work, morin was applied to treat banana to delay senescence. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the changes of metabolite composition and levels in banana. The results showed that morin significantly delayed the changes of color and firmness. 1D and 2D NMR spectra reflected that the levels and composition of metabolites were changed with the senescence initiation. The principal component analysis revealed that the first principal components responsible for banana senescence were carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids and phenolics. Morin treatment delayed the transformation of starch to glucose, fructose and sucrose, accelerated the accumulations of alanine and γ-Amino-butyrate (GABA), postponed the generations of valine and l-aspartic acid, suppressed the degradation of saponin a. It indicated that morin was effective in delaying banana senescence.
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Wojciechowska N, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Plant organ senescence - regulation by manifold pathways. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:167-181. [PMID: 29178615 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of plant ontogeny before death. Senescence may occur naturally because of age or may be induced by various endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite its destructive character, senescence is a precisely controlled process that follows a well-defined order. It is often inseparable from programmed cell death (PCD), and a correlation between these processes has been confirmed during the senescence of leaves and petals. Despite suggestions that senescence and PCD are two separate processes, with PCD occurring after senescence, cell death responsible for senescence is accompanied by numerous changes at the cytological, physiological and molecular levels, similar to other types of PCD. Independent of the plant organ analysed, these changes are focused on initiating the processes of cellular structural degradation via fluctuations in phytohormone levels and the activation of specific genes. Cellular structural degradation is genetically programmed and dependent on autophagy. Phytohormones/plant regulators are heavily involved in regulating the senescence of plant organs and can either promote [ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and polyamines (PAs)] or inhibit [cytokinins (CKs)] this process. Auxins and carbohydrates have been assigned a dual role in the regulation of senescence, and can both inhibit and stimulate the senescence process. In this review, we introduce the basic pathways that regulate senescence in plants and identify mechanisms involved in controlling senescence in ephemeral plant organs. Moreover, we demonstrate a universal nature of this process in different plant organs; despite this process occurring in organs that have completely different functions, it is very similar. Progress in this area is providing opportunities to revisit how, when and which way senescence is coordinated or decoupled by plant regulators in different organs and will provide a powerful tool for plant physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - E Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Balic I, Vizoso P, Nilo-Poyanco R, Sanhueza D, Olmedo P, Sepúlveda P, Arriagada C, Defilippi BG, Meneses C, Campos-Vargas R. Transcriptome analysis during ripening of table grape berry cv. Thompson Seedless. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190087. [PMID: 29320527 PMCID: PMC5761854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ripening is one of the key processes associated with the development of major organoleptic characteristics of the fruit. This process has been extensively characterized in climacteric fruit, in contrast with non-climacteric fruit such as grape, where the process is less understood. With the aim of studying changes in gene expression during ripening of non-climacteric fruit, an Illumina based RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was performed on four developmental stages, between veraison and harvest, on table grapes berries cv Thompson Seedless. Functional analysis showed a transcriptional increase in genes related with degradation processes of chlorophyll, lipids, macromolecules recycling and nucleosomes organization; accompanied by a decrease in genes related with chloroplasts integrity and amino acid synthesis pathways. It was possible to identify several processes described during leaf senescence, particularly close to harvest. Before this point, the results suggest a high transcriptional activity associated with the regulation of gene expression, cytoskeletal organization and cell wall metabolism, which can be related to growth of berries and firmness loss characteristic to this stage of development. This high metabolic activity could be associated with an increase in the transcription of genes related with glycolysis and respiration, unexpected for a non-climacteric fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Balic
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Osorno, Chile
| | - Paula Vizoso
- Center of Plant Propagation and Conservation (CEPROVEG), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Dayan Sanhueza
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Olmedo
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sepúlveda
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Arriagada
- Laboratorio Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bruno G. Defilippi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
As a representative form of plant senescence, leaf senescence has received the most attention during the last two decades. In this chapter we summarize the initiation of leaf senescence by various internal and external signals, the progression of senescence including switches in gene expression, as well as changes at the biochemical and cellular levels during leaf senescence. Impacts of leaf senescence in agriculture and genetic approaches that have been used in manipulating leaf senescence of crop plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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43
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Liang D, Shen Y, Ni Z, Wang Q, Lei Z, Xu N, Deng Q, Lin L, Wang J, Lv X, Xia H. Exogenous Melatonin Application Delays Senescence of Kiwifruit Leaves by Regulating the Antioxidant Capacity and Biosynthesis of Flavonoids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:426. [PMID: 29675031 PMCID: PMC5896581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a multiple signal molecule, plays important roles in delaying senescence during the development of plants. Because few species have been studied for the effect of exogenous melatonin on anti-aging, the plausible mechanism of melatonin of anti-aging effects on other plant species has remained largely unknown. In the present study, the effects of exogenous melatonin on leaf senescence in kiwifruit were examined during natural aging after melatonin (200 μM) or water (Control) pretreatment. The decreased membrane damage and lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content due to the enhanced scavenging activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) demonstrated that melatonin effectively delayed the aging of kiwifruit leaves. Likewise, owing to up-regulated expression of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (CAB) gene in the sampled leaves pretreated with melatonin, chlorophyll degradation decreased. Therefore, osmoregulatory substances in sampled leaves accumulated (e.g., soluble sugar and soluble protein) and seedling cell environment stability was maintained. Simultaneously, melatonin decreased H2O2 concentration owing to increased glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) content, and the expression levels of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were up-regulated by melatonin application, indicating that the increase of GSH and AsA was attributed to the expression of these genes. In addition, a large amount of flavonoids accumulated in seedlings pretreated with melatonin, and transcript levels of eight genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxymate (C4H), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FNS), leucoanthocyanin reductase (LAR), anthocyanin reductase (ANR), flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were enhanced in response to melatonin application. These results indicated that melatonin delayed aging of kiwifruit leaves by activating the antioxidant capacity and enhancing flavonoid biosynthesis. All of these results can provide clear proof that melatonin plays a key roles in delaying leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Shen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyou Ni
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Lei
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nengqin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiulan Lv, Hui Xia,
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiulan Lv, Hui Xia,
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Ben Nejma A, Znati M, Nguir A, Daich A, Othman M, Lawson AM, Ben Jannet H. Phytochemical and biological studies of Atriplex inflata f. Muell.: isolation of secondary bioactive metabolites. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1064-1074. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This work describes the phytochemical and biological investigation of the Tunisian Atriplex inflata F. Muell (Chenopodiaceae).
Methods
Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR and 2D NMR, ESI-HRMS and comparison with available literature data. The isolates were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by the DPPH•, ABTS+•, Fe3+ and catalase assays and also for their antibacterial and anticholinesterase activity.
Key findings
The chemical study of Atriplex inflata F. Muell led to the isolation of two fatty acids (9E)-methyl-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoate 1 and (9E)-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid 2 together with (Z)-litchiol B 3 and 20-hydroxyecdysone 4. Three of which are reported here for the first time in Atriplex genus. Based on the biosynthesis of hydroxylated arachidonic acid and derivatives, a plausible biogenesis pathway of the two fatty acids (1 and 2) was proposed. (Z)-litchiol B (3) was found to be the most active against Staphylococcus aureus. According to the literature, this is the first time that compounds 1, 2 and 3 were tested for their eventual biological activity.
Conclusions
In the results of the present work, we have proposed the biogenesis pathway of unsaturated fatty acid and described the structure–activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Ben Nejma
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mansour Znati
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Nguir
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Adam Daich
- Normandie Univ, France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Normandie Univ, France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Ata Martin Lawson
- Normandie Univ, France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Iqbal N, Khan NA, Ferrante A, Trivellini A, Francini A, Khan MIR. Ethylene Role in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence: Interaction with Other Phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:475. [PMID: 28421102 PMCID: PMC5378820 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The complex juvenile/maturity transition during a plant's life cycle includes growth, reproduction, and senescence of its fundamental organs: leaves, flowers, and fruits. Growth and senescence of leaves, flowers, and fruits involve several genetic networks where the phytohormone ethylene plays a key role, together with other hormones, integrating different signals and allowing the onset of conditions favorable for stage progression, reproductive success and organ longevity. Changes in ethylene level, its perception, and the hormonal crosstalk directly or indirectly regulate the lifespan of plants. The present review focused on ethylene's role in the development and senescence processes in leaves, flowers and fruits, paying special attention to the complex networks of ethylene crosstalk with other hormones. Moreover, aspects with limited information have been highlighted for future research, extending our understanding on the importance of ethylene during growth and senescence and boosting future research with the aim to improve the qualitative and quantitative traits of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italy
| | | | - M. I. R. Khan
- Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research InstituteManila, Philippines
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Fedina E, Yarin A, Mukhitova F, Blufard A, Chechetkin I. Brassinosteroid-induced changes of lipid composition in leaves of Pisum sativum L. during senescence. Steroids 2017; 117:25-28. [PMID: 27815033 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of steroid phytohormone 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the composition of some lipid classes (free fatty acids, triacylglycerols and galactolipids) in detached pea leaves was studied for the first time. EBR (0.1μM) promoted senescence and increased the content of 14:0, 16:0 and 18:1 free fatty acids as well as 18:2 and 18:3 bound to triacylglycerols in the detached leaves in contrast to mock-treated leaves. The content of all identified fatty acids bound to galactolipids decreased in the detached leaves treated with EBR compared to that in mock-treated leaves. These findings suggest that free fatty acids are liberated from polar lipids and then undergo esterification to neutral lipids in the detached leaves upon EBR treatment. We propose that steroid phytohormones may be involved into regulation of leaf senescence via alteration of cell lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Fedina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey Yarin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Faimya Mukhitova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander Blufard
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Ivan Chechetkin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, Russian Federation.
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Fang Z, Chen Z, Wang S, Shi P, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Xiao J, Huang Z. Overexpression of OLE1 Enhances Cytoplasmic Membrane Stability and Confers Resistance to Cadmium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e02319-16. [PMID: 27793829 PMCID: PMC5165106 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02319-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium is widely used and released into the environment, posing a severe threat to crops and humans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most commonly used organisms in the investigation of environmental metal toxicity. We investigated cadmium stress and the adaptive mechanisms of yeast by screening a genome-wide essential gene overexpression library. A candidate gene, OLE1, encodes a delta-9 desaturase and was associated with high anti-cadmium-stress activity. The results demonstrated that the expression of OLE1 was positively correlated with cadmium stress tolerance and induction was independent of Mga2p and Spt23p (important regulatory factors for OLE1). Moreover, in response to cadmium stress, cellular levels of monounsaturated fatty acids were increased. The addition of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids simulated overexpression of OLE1, leading to cadmium resistance. Such regulation of OLE1 in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids may serve as a positive feedback mechanism to help cells counter the lipid peroxidation and cytoplasmic membrane damage caused by cadmium. IMPORTANCE A S. cerevisiae gene encoding a delta-9 desaturase, OLE1, was associated with high anti-cadmium-stress activity. The data suggest that the regulation of OLE1 in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids may serve as a positive feedback mechanism to help yeast cells counter the lipid peroxidation and cytoplasmic membrane damage caused by cadmium. The discovery of OLE1 involvement in membrane stability may indicate a novel defense strategy against cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Fang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxiang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhu Shen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Youshang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Li L, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Lu X, Zhou Z, Zhao C, Xu G. Comprehensive investigation of tobacco leaves during natural early senescence via multi-platform metabolomics analyses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37976. [PMID: 27897248 PMCID: PMC5126694 DOI: 10.1038/srep37976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of leaf growth and development. Many different physiological activities occur during this process. A comprehensive metabolomics analysis of tobacco middle leaves at 5 different developmental stages was implemented through multi-platform methods based on liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In total, 412 metabolites were identified, including pigments, sterols, lipids, amino acids, polyamines, sugars and secondary metabolites. Dramatic metabolic changes were observed. Firstly, membrane degradation and chlorophyll down-regulation occurred after the 50% flower bud stage. Levels of major membrane lipids decreased, including those of the glycolipids in chloroplast thylakoids and phospholipids in membrane envelopes. Clear decreases in free sterols and acylated sterol glucosides were detected along with the accumulation of sterol esters. The accumulation of alkaloids was found. The amino acid levels were significantly decreased, particularly those of N-rich amino acids (glutamine and asparagine), thus reflecting N translocation. Subsequently, the antioxidant system was activated. Sugar alcohols and polyphenols accumulated when the lower leaves turned yellow. These results comprehensively revealed the metabolic changes that occur during tobacco leaf development and senescence under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jieyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Omoto E, Iwasaki Y, Miyake H, Taniguchi M. Salinity induces membrane structure and lipid changes in maize mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 157:13-23. [PMID: 26555406 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The membranes of Zea mays (maize) mesophyll cell (MC) chloroplasts are more vulnerable to salinity stress than are those of bundle sheath cell (BSC) chloroplasts. To clarify the mechanism underlying this difference in salt sensitivity, we monitored changes in the glycerolipid and fatty acid compositions of both types of chloroplast upon exposure to salinity stress. The monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) contents were higher in MC chloroplasts than in BSC chloroplasts, in both the presence and absence of salt treatment. Under salt conditions, the MGDG level in MC chloroplasts was significantly lower than under normal conditions, while it was unchanged in BSC chloroplasts. In both types of chloroplast, the contents of DGDG, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol remained at the same levels in control and salt-treated plants, whereas sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine were significantly lower and higher, respectively, upon salt treatment. In addition, the fatty acid composition and double bond index of individual lipid classes were changed by salt treatment in both BSC and MC chloroplasts, although these factors had no effect on glycerolipid content. These findings suggest that the difference in salt sensitivity of MC and BSC chloroplast membranes is related to differences in MGDG responses to salinity. Thus, we propose that the low MGDG content and the low sensitivity of MGDG to salinity in BSC chloroplasts render them more tolerant than MC chloroplasts to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Omoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yugo Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Song X, Wang Y, Lv X. Responses of plant biomass, photosynthesis and lipid peroxidation to warming and precipitation change in two dominant species (Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis) from North China Grasslands. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1871-82. [PMID: 26933491 PMCID: PMC4760990 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influential factors of global change affect plant carbon uptake and biomass simultaneously. Although the effects from warming and precipitation change have been extensive studied separately, the responses of plant biomass, photosynthesis, and lipid peroxidation to the interaction of these factors are still not fully understood. In this study, we examined the physiological responses of two dominant plant species from grasslands of northern China with different functional traits to combinations of five simulated warming patterns and five simulated precipitation patterns in environment-controlled chambers. Our results showed that the biomass, net CO 2 assimilation rate (P n), maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (F v/F m), and chlorophyll content (Chl) of Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis were enhanced by moderate warming and plus precipitation, but they declined drastically with high temperature and drought. High temperature and drought also led to significant malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, which had a negative correlation with leaf biomass. The lower level of lipid peroxidation in leaves of S. grandis suggests that this species is better protected from oxidative damage under heat stress, drought stress and their interactive conditions than L. chinensis. Using the subordinate function values method, we found S. grandis to be more sensitive to climate change than L. chinensis and the gross biomass and root biomass of S. grandis and the leaf biomass of L. chinensis were most sensitive to climate change. Furthermore, the P n of both S. grandis and L. chinensis had a significant linear relationship with F v/F m and Chl, indicating that carbon assimilation may be caused by nonstomatal limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
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