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Huang Z, Li M, Qin Z, Ma X, Huang R, Liu Y, Xie J, Zeng H, Zhan R, Su Z. Intestines-erythrocytes-mediated bio-disposition deciphers the hypolipidemic effect of berberine from Rhizoma Coptidis: A neglected insight. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116600. [PMID: 37196811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Coptidis (RC), the dried rhizome of Coptis Chinensis Franch., can dispel dampness and heat within the body and has been traditionally used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-associated problems including hyperlipidemia in China. Berberine (BBR) is the main active component of RC, which has been shown to possess significant therapeutic potential. However, only 0.14% of BBR is metabolized in the liver, and the extremely low bioavailability (<1%) and blood concentration of BBR in experimental and clinical settings is insufficient to achieve the effects as observed under in vitro conditions, which imposes challenges to explain its excellent pharmacological actions. Intense efforts are currently being devoted to defining its specific pharmacological molecular targets, while the exploration from the perspective of its pharmacokinetic disposition has rarely been reported to date, which could hardly make a comprehensive understanding of its hypolipidemic enigma. AIM OF THE STUDY This study made a pioneering endeavor to unveil the hypolipidemic mechanism of BBR from RC focusing on its unique intestines-erythrocytes-mediated bio-disposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fate of BBR in intestines and erythrocytes was probed by a rapid and sensitive LC/MS-IT-TOF method. To analyze the disposition of BBR, a reliable HPLC method was subsequently developed and validated for simultaneous determination of BBR and its key active metabolite oxyberberine (OBB) in whole blood, tissues, and excreta. Meanwhile, the enterohepatic circulation (BDC) of BBR and OBB was verified by bile duct catheterization rats. Finally, lipid overloading models of L02 and HepG2 cells were employed to probe the lipid-lowering activity of BBR and OBB at in vivo concentration. RESULTS The results showed that BBR underwent biotransformation in both intestines and erythrocytes, and converted into the major metabolite oxyberberine (OBB). The AUC0-t ratio of total BBR to OBB was approximately 2:1 after oral administration. Besides, the AUC0-t ratio of bound BBR to its unbound counterpart was 4.6:1, and this ratio of OBB was 2.5:1, indicative of abundant binding-type form in the blood. Liver dominated over other organs in tissue distribution. BBR was excreted in bile, while the excretion of OBB in feces was significantly higher than that in bile. Furthermore, the bimodal phenomenon of both BBR and OBB disappeared in BDC rats and the AUC0-t was significantly lower than that in the sham-operated control rats. Interestingly, OBB significantly decreased triglycerides and cholesterol levels in lipid overloading models of L02 and HepG2 cells at in vivo-like concentration, which was superior to the prodrug BBR. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, BBR underwent unique extrahepatic metabolism and disposition into OBB by virtue of intestines and erythrocytes. BBR and OBB were mainly presented and transported in the protein-bound form within the circulating erythrocytes, potentially resulting in hepatocyte targeting accompanied by obvious enterohepatic circulation. The unique extrahepatic disposition of BBR via intestines and erythrocytes conceivably contributed enormously to its hypolipidemic effect. OBB was the important material basis for the hypolipidemic effect of BBR and RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Minhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Zehui Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Xingdong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Ronglei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Huifang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
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Investigating the binding measurements of human α-acid glycoprotein with chlorambucil and dacarbazine in the presence of imidazolium based -ionic liquid by affinity capillary electrophoresis. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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3
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Ye Q, Guo L, Wu D, Yang B, Tao Y, Deng L, Kong Y. Covalent Functionalization of Bovine Serum Albumin with Graphene Quantum Dots for Stereospecific Molecular Recognition. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11864-11871. [PMID: 31415149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stereospecific molecular recognition with simple and easily available proteins is of significant importance in life science and biomaterial science. Herein, we report on a chiral sensing platform, graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), for chiral recognition of tryptophan (Trp) isomers. Amidation reaction between BSA and GQDs was directly responsible for the introduction of GQDs to BSA, resulting in significant changes in the spatial configuration of BSA and the exposure of more chiral sites at the protein surface. The BSA-GQDs-based chiral sensor exhibited good biomolecular homochirality in the recognition of Trp isomers, and the higher affinity of BSA-GQDs toward l-Trp than its isomer, d-Trp, was also revealed by density functional theory (DFT) considering the possible hydrogen bonds between the Trp isomers and the solvent-accessible residues of BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Lili Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Baozhu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
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Temperature controlled ionic liquid aqueous two phase system combined with affinity capillary electrophoresis for rapid and precise pharmaceutical-protein binding measurements. Methods 2018; 146:120-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yu T, Du Y, Chen J, Xu G, Yang K, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Du S, Feng Z, Zhang Y. Study on clarithromycin lactobionate based dual selector systems for the enantioseparation of basic drugs in capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2016; 38:2900-6. [PMID: 26097042 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the use of clarithromycin lactobionate, a kind of antibiotic chiral selector, in combination with four neutral cyclodextrin derivatives (glucose-β-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) was reported for the first time. As a result, these dual systems gave much better resolution of nefopam (the Rs increased to 3.58, 2.72, 1.49 and 1.42, respectively) compared to the single systems. The effects of buffer pH and selector concentration on the separation of nefopam were also investigated. Additionally, some other basic drugs including metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol, bisoprolol, esmolol and ritodrine were tested for the investigation and evaluation of the enantiorecognition capability of the four dual systems. As expected, the synergistic effect was observed in four systems. Different results of these dual systems were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaquan Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guangfu Xu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijing Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Bocian S, Skoczylas M, Buszewski B. Amino acids, peptides, and proteins as chemically bonded stationary phases - A review. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:83-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
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El-Hady DA, Albishri HM, Rengarajan R, Deeb SE, Wätzig H. Stabilizing proteins for affinity capillary electrophoresis using ionic liquid aqueous two phase systems: Pharmaceuticals and human serum albumin. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:3080-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deia Abd El-Hady
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Albishri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Rengarajan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
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Abstract
The present review covers recent advances and important applications of affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). It provides an overview about various ACE types, including ACE-MS, the multiple injection mode, the use of microchips and field-amplified sample injection-ACE. The most common scenarios of the studied affinity interactions are protein-drug, protein-metal ion, protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-drug, peptide-peptide, DNA-drug and antigen-antibody. Approaches for the improvements of ACE in term of precision, rinsing protocols and sensitivity are discussed. The combined use of computer simulation programs to support data evaluation is presented. In conclusion, the performance of ACE is compared with other techniques such as equilibrium dialysis, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, high-performance affinity chromatography as well as surface plasmon resonance, ultraviolet, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, fluorescence, MS and isothermal titration calorimetry.
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Lourenço LP, Aguiar FA, de Oliveira ARM, de Gaitani CM. Quantitative determination of lercanidipine enantiomers in commercial formulations by capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:294270. [PMID: 25821632 PMCID: PMC4363879 DOI: 10.1155/2015/294270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) using cyclodextrin (CD) as chiral selector was developed and validated for determination of lercanidipine (LER) enantiomers, a drug calcium channel blocker which exerts antihypertensive effects of long duration, in a pharmaceutical formulation. Optimum separation of LER enantiomers was obtained on a 50 cm × 50 μm id capillary using a sodium acetate buffer solution 200 mmol/L pH 4.0 containing 10 mmol/L of 2,3,6-o-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD) as background electrolyte. The capillary temperature and voltage were 15°C and 25 kV, respectively, hydrodynamic injection and detection at 237 nm. Linearity was obtained in the range 12.5-100 μg/mL for both enantiomers (r ≥ 0.995). The RSD (%) and relative errors (E, %) obtained in precision and accuracy studies (intraday and interday) were lower than 5%. After validation, the method was applied to quantify the enantiomers of LER in commercial tablets and the results were satisfactory in terms of accuracy and precision, both less than 5%. Therefore, this method was found to be appropriate for enantioselective quality control of LER enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Pereira Lourenço
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Armani Aguiar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira
- Departament of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- *Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani:
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Wang Y, Han Q, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Guo L, Fu Y. Enantioselective recognition of penicillamine enantiomers on bovine serum albumin-modified glassy carbon electrode. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Enantioselective analysis of ofloxacin enantiomers by partial-filling capillary electrophoresis with bacteria as chiral selectors. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2101-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Zheng Y, Wang X, Ji Y. Monoliths with proteins as chiral selectors for enantiomer separation. Talanta 2012; 91:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Chiral phenomena are ubiquitous in nature from macroscopic to microscopic, including the high chirality preference of small biomolecules, special steric conformations of biomacromolecules induced by it, as well as chirality-triggered biological and physiological processes. The introduction of chirality into the study of interface interactions between materials and biological systems leads to the generation of chiral biointerface materials, which provides a new platform for understanding the chiral phenomena in biological system, as well as the development of novel biomaterials and devices. This critical review gives a brief introduction to the recent advances in this field. We start from the fabrication of chiral biointerface materials, and further investigate the stereo-selective interaction between biological systems and chiral interface materials to find out key factors governing the performance of such materials in given conditions, then introduce some special functionalities and potential applications of chiral biointerface materials, and finally present our own thinking about the future development of this area (108 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Aguiar FA, de Gaitani CM, Borges KB. Capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of isradipine enantiomers: Stability studies and pharmaceutical formulation analysis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2673-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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He JF, Yang WY, Yao FJ, Zhao H, Li XJ, Yuan ZB. Determination of fumaric and maleic acids with stacking analytes by transient moving chemical reaction boundary method in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3816-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Zhang S, Qi H, Yakufu P, Zhao F, Ling X, Xiao J, Wang Y. Screening of thiourea derivatives and carbonyl-2-aminothiazole derivatives for potential CCR4 antagonists using capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang S, Cheng J, Chen W, Ling X, Zhao Y, Feng J, Xiang C, Liang H. Interactions between thrombin and natural products of Millettia nitita var. hirsutissima using capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:4107-14. [PMID: 19931496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective high-performance analytical method based on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was developed for investigating interactions between natural products isolated from Millettia nitita var. hirsutissima and thrombin qualitatively and quantitatively for the first time. The results showed that, compared with positive and negative control, the compounds ZYY-5 (genistein-8-C-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside), ZYY-6 (calycosin), ZYY-8 (isoliquiritigenin), ZYY-9 (formononetin), ZYY-12 (gliricidin), ZYY-13 (8-O-methylretusin), FJ-2 (dihydrokaempferol), FJ-3 (biochanin), FJ-5 (afromosin) and XC-2 (hirsutissimiside F) interacted with thrombin, while ZYY-1 (sphaerobioside), ZYY-2 (formononetin-7-O-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside), ZYY-3 (genistein-5-methylether-7-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside), ZYY-4 (retusin-7,8-O-beta-d-diglucopyranoside), ZYY-7 (symplocoside), ZYY-10 (ononin), ZYY-11 (genistin), ZYY-14 (afromosin-7-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside), ZYY-15 (lanceolarin), FJ-1 (liquiritigenin), FJ-4 (7,2-dihydroxy,4-methoxyisoflavan) and XC-1 (sphaerobioside) had no binding to thrombin. This indicated that the reported CZE method for the determination of compound-thrombin interactions is powerful, sensitive and fast, and requires less amounts of reagents, and further, it can be employed as a reliable alternative to other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Zaidi SA, Cheong WJ. Long open tubular molecule imprinted polymer capillary columns with excellent separation efficiencies in chiral and non-chiral separation by capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1603-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Liu X, Song Y, Yue Y, Zhang J, Chen X. Study of interaction between drug enantiomers and human serum albumin by flow injection-capillary electrophoresis frontal analysis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2876-83. [PMID: 18546166 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flow injection (FI)-CE coupled with frontal analysis (FA) was applied to the study of stereoselectivity binding of amlodipine (AL) to HSA. Under protein-drug binding equilibrium, the unbound concentrations of drug enantiomers were measured by plateau height. The stereoselectivity of AL binding to HSA was proved by the different free fractions of two enantiomers. In physiological phosphate solution (pH 7.4, ionic strength 0.17) when 200 microM (+/-)AL was equilibrated with 300 microM HSA, the concentration of unbound R-AL was about 1.5 times higher than that of its antipode. The binding constants of two enantiomers, KR-AL and KS-AL, were 9910-11200 and 90200-104000 M(-1), respectively. The results obtained by the method were compared with those determined by conventional equilibrium dialysis (ED)-CE and fluorescence spectra. Hydroxypropyl-beta-CD (HP-beta-CD) (10 mM) was used as a chiral selector in pH 3.7 phosphate buffer. L-tryptophan (L-try) and ketoprofen (Ket) were used as displacement reagents to investigate the binding sites of AL to HSA. A binding synergism effect between hydrochlorothiazide (QL) and AL was observed and the results suggested that QL can destroy binding equilibrium of R-AL and S-AL toward HSA and they can occupy the same binding site of HSA (site I). The reproducibility was confirmed by RSD (RSD<1.5%) of the plateau height determined by FI-CE frontal analysis (FI-CE-FA). The FI-CE-FA was a good method to study protein-drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Martínez-Gómez MA, Escuder-Gilabert L, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Enantioseparation of nuarimol by affinity electrokinetic chromatography-partial filling technique using human serum albumin as chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3265-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang S, Yin T, Ling X, Liang H, Zhao Y. Interactions between thrombin and natural products of Millettia speciosa Champ. using capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3391-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Preinerstorfer B, Lämmerhofer M. Recent accomplishments in the field of enantiomer separation by CEC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2527-65. [PMID: 17607806 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present review intends to summarize recent developments in the field of enantioselective separations and analysis by CEC. It covers studies published in English language in common peer-reviewed journals within the period between 2003 and 2006. Both, methods making use of chiral mobile phase additives as well as chiral stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantiomer separations, are reviewed. Achievements that have been made on the various column technologies, such as open-tubular, particle-packed, inorganic, organic and particle-fixed (hybrid-type) monolithic as well as molecularly imprinted polymer phases, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Preinerstorfer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Recognition Materials, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Martínez-Gómez MA, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Medina-Hernández MJ. Enantiomeric quality control of antihistamines in pharmaceuticals by affinity electrokinetic chromatography with human serum albumin as chiral selector. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 592:202-9. [PMID: 17512827 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present paper deals with the enantiomeric separation of six antihistaminic enantiomers by affinity electrokinetic chromatography (AEKC)-partial filling technique using human serum albumin (HSA) as chiral selector. A multivariate optimization approach of the most critical experimental variables in enantioresolution, running pH, HSA concentration and HSA plug length (SPL) was carried out since there are interactions between variables that could not be considered in an univariate optimization. The estimated and experimental resolution values obtained for antihistaminic enantiomers varied from 1.13 (for orphenadrine) to 2.15 (for brompheniramine). The optimum experimental conditions for enantioresolution of each compound were: brompheniramine, pH 8.5, [HSA] 180 microM, SPL 180 s; chlorcyclizine, pH 6.5, [HSA] 180 microM, SPL 150 s; chlorpheniramine, pH 8.25, [HSA] 160 microM, SPL 150 s; hydroxyzine, pH 7.0, [HSA] 180 microM, SPL 150 s; and orphenadrine, pH 7.8, [HSA] 160 microM, SPL 150 s. pH and the quadratic term of pH seem to be the most critical factors that determine enantioresolution of antihistamines. The validity of the developed methodologies to enantiomeric quality control of antihistamines in pharmaceutical formulations is demonstrated analyzing the content of brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine and hyroxyzine enantiomers in commercially available pharmaceutical formulations containing racemic mixtures of compounds. Resolution, accuracy, reproducibility, cost and sample throughput of the proposed methodologies make them suitable for quality control of the enantiomeric composition of antihistamines in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, C/Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Ruta J, Ravelet C, Grosset C, Fize J, Ravel A, Villet A, Peyrin E. Enantiomeric separation using an l-RNA aptamer as chiral additive in partial-filling capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2007; 78:3032-9. [PMID: 16642990 DOI: 10.1021/ac060033i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the chiral resolution of arginine using an anti-arginine l-RNA aptamer chiral selector in partial-filling CE. The effects of the capillary temperature, sample load, and aptamer plug length on the enantiomeric separation were assessed. Very high chiral resolving capability was observed at low or moderate capillary temperatures (the target peak being not detected in the separation window), whereas the practical chiral resolution was achieved only at high enough temperatures (50-60 degrees C). Over this high-temperature range, the electrophoretic behavior of the target enantiomer appeared to result from a combination of binding site heterogeneity, slow desorption kinetics, and concentration overload of aptamer binding sites. From additional thermal UV melting experiments, three RNA conformations were identified for the 50-60 degrees C temperatures. It was suggested that the presence of these different RNA conformations was a plausible source of the binding site heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Ruta
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 CNRS, ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, UFR de Pharmacie de Grenoble, Avenue de Verdun, 38240 Meylan, France
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25
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Debowski JK. SELECTED APPLICATIONS OF CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: TO BUY OR NOT TO BUY? J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120013988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Dai R, Tang L, Li H, Deng Y, Fu R, Parveen Z. Synthesis and characterization of β-CD derivatized bovine serum albumin protein as chiral selector in pressurized capillary electrochromatography. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Abstract
This paper reviews immunoaffinity CE procedures developed since 1998 for drug, hormone, and disease marker analyses of body fluids and tissues. Immunoaffinity CE and related techniques are described. Examples of clinical applications are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta K Amundsen
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
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28
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Hödl H, Koidl J, Schmid MG, Gübitz G. Chiral resolution of tryptophan derivatives by CE using canine serum albumin and bovine serum albumin as chiral selectors. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4755-62. [PMID: 17136718 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with the application of BSA and canine serum albumin (CSA) for enantioseparation of tryptophan derivatives with CE. The aim of this work was the investigation of the influence of different functional groups of tryptophan derivatives on enantioseparation. CSA as a chiral selector was tested to compare its selector properties with those of BSA. The enantiomers of the tryptophan derivatives were separated by adding BSA or CSA to the BGE. The influence of pH, temperature, BSA and CSA concentration and organic modifiers was investigated. It was found that the stereoselectivity for the different tryptophan derivatives is dependent on the albumin species. It turned out that the different functional groups of the derivatives showed a significant influence on stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Hödl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
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29
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Gotti R, Calleri E, Massolini G, Furlanetto S, Cavrini V. Penicillin G acylase as chiral selector in CE using a pullulan-coated capillary. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4746-54. [PMID: 17080475 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, penicillin G acylase (PGA), an enzyme belonging to the family of hydrolases, has been investigated as chiral selector in CE using the partial filling technique. Owing to the strong disposition of PGA to be adsorbed by the inner capillary wall, permanently coated capillaries were used to diminish both the protein-wall interactions and the EOF. In particular, the silica surface of the capillary was chemically coated by an antiadhesive and an hydrophilic layer of pullulan, a high-molecular-mass homopolysaccharide. The coating procedure consisted in the silanization with glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the subsequent coupling of the hydroxyl groups of pullulan onto the silanized capillary. Using this approach, a significant EOF suppression was obtained within a wide pH range (pH 3.0-9.0); this result was very important in order to find the suitable conditions for the application of partial filling technique. The optimization of partial filling was carried out by considering the effects of different experimental conditions (buffer pH, PGA concentration, and loading duration), on the migration time and enantioresolution of rac-ketoprofen. Under the selected conditions as: 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) containing 240 microM of PGA (partial filling of 120 s at a pressure of 50 mbar), a series of acidic compounds resulted to be enantioresolved in about 10 min. The long-term stability of the proposed coating was evaluated; more than 100 injections were performed without significant loss of reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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30
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Martínez-Gómez MA, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Potential of human serum albumin as chiral selector of basic drugs in affinity electrokinetic chromatography-partial filling technique. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4364-74. [PMID: 17024686 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric resolution of compounds using HSA by means of affinity EKC (AEKC)-partial filling technique is the result of a delicate balance between different experimental variables such as protein concentration, running pH (background electrophoretic buffer (BGE), protein, and compound solutions), and plug length. In this paper, the possibility of using HSA as chiral selector for enantioseparation of 28 basic drugs using this methodology is studied. The effect of the physicochemical parameters, the structural properties of compounds, and compound-HSA protein binding percentages over their chiral resolution with HSA is outlined. Based on the results obtained, a decision tree is proposed for the "a priori" prediction of the capability of HSA for enantioseparation of basic drugs in AEKC. The results obtained indicated that enantioresolution of basic compounds with HSA depends on the hydrophobicity, polarity, and molar volume of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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31
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Martínez-Gómez MA, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Medina-Hernández MJ. Enantioseparation of phenotiazines by affinity electrokinetic chromatography using human serum albumin as chiral selector: application to enantiomeric quality control in pharmaceutical formulations. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 582:223-8. [PMID: 17386496 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a special interest within the pharmaceutical laboratories to develop single enantiomer formulations and consequently a need for analytical methods to determine the enantiomeric purity of drugs. The present paper deals with the enantiomeric separation of promethazine and trimeprazine enantiomers by affinity electrokinetic chromatography (AEKC)-partial filling technique using human serum albumin (HSA) as chiral selector. A multivariate optimization of the most critical experimental variables in enantioresolution, running pH, HSA concentration and plug length, is carried out to obtain enantioresolution of promethazine and trimeprazine. The estimated maximum and optimum resolution of trimeprazine and prometazine enantiomers (Rs=1.74 and 2.01, respectively) corresponded to the following experimental conditions: pH 7.5; [HSA] 170 microM and plug length 190 s and pH 7.6; [HSA] 170 microM and plug length 170 s, for trimeprazine and prometazine, respectively. The developed methodologies were applied for the enantiomeric quality control of promethazine and trimeprazine enantiomers in commercially available pharmaceutical formulations. Resolution, accuracy, reproducibility, cost and sample throughput of the proposed methodologies make it suitable for quality control of the enantiomeric composition of promethazine and trimeprazine in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, C/Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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32
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Van Eeckhaut A, Michotte Y. Chiral separations by capillary electrophoresis: Recent developments and applications. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2880-95. [PMID: 16688697 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the different classes of chiral selectors that are used in CE. The main properties of every class are described, together with the mechanism of enantioseparation. Newly introduced selectors are also discussed. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications published from January 2004 till March 2005 are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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33
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Kitagawa F, Kamiya M, Okamoto Y, Taji H, Onoue S, Tsuda Y, Otsuka K. Electrophoretic analysis of proteins and enantiomers using capillaries modified by a successive multiple ionic-polymer layer (SMIL) coating technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:594-601. [PMID: 16703385 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of three-layer coatings consisting of three different polymers (A(+)-B(-)-C(+) coating) prepared by a successive multiple ionic-polymer layer (SMIL) coating technique to the immobilization of polypeptides and/or proteins onto the inner surface of the capillaries was investigated to provide a high-performance separation medium for proteins and enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis (CE). To obtain a stable protein-coated capillary, high molecular mass poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) was employed as the first layer in the A(+)-B(-)-C(+) coating, and then a cationic protein was immobilized as the third layer. Comparisons of analytical performances between the A(+)-B(-)-C(+) coating and the conventional SMIL-coated (A(+)-B(-)-A(+) coating) capillary were conducted. The CE separation of cationic proteins was successfully achieved with the prepared capillaries. In addition, the polypeptide- and protein-coated capillaries were applied to the chiral separation of a binaphthyl compound. It should be noted that the chiral separation efficiency was strongly dependent on the second anionic polymer layer of the coating. Effects of the interaction between oppositely charged ionic polymer layers on the separation efficiency are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
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34
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Kitagawa F, Inoue K, Hasegawa T, Kamiya M, Okamoto Y, Kawase M, Otsuka K. Chiral separation of acidic drug components by open tubular electrochromatography using avidin immobilized capillaries. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1130:219-26. [PMID: 16600258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Avidin was immobilized covalently onto the inner surface of fused silica capillaries as a stationary phase in an open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) for chiral separations. The modification was attained by a combination of glutaraldehyde with both an amino-silylated fused silica surface and avidin using a Schiff base formation reaction. This method couples the advantage of high efficiency and small consumption of a chiral selector with the possibility of UV detection without limitations of protein absorption. In addition, the prepared capillary was stable for 50 days with over 100 runs. To evaluate the electrochromatographic performance of the prepared capillaries, the chiral separation of abscisic acid and arylpropionic acids were investigated. Effects of the modification condition of protein, pH of running buffer, and an organic modifier on the enantioseparation were also investigated. In addition, the avidin immobilized capillary was employed for the selective chiral analysis with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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35
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Lin X, Zhao M, Qi X, Zhu C, Hao A. Capillary zone electrophoretic chiral discrimination using 6-O-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropyl)-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:872-9. [PMID: 16470632 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A charged highly water-soluble CD derivative, 6-O-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropyl)-beta-CD (herein noted as 6-HPTMA-beta-CD) was synthesized and successfully used as a chiral selector for enantiomeric separation of some acidic compounds by CZE in an uncoated capillary. Substitution with 2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropyl groups at the primary hydroxyl group of the CD was aimed at influencing the magnitude and selectivity of analyte-CD interactions. The behavior of 6-HPTMA-beta-CD was compared with that of the commercially available quaternary ammonium-beta-CD (QA-beta-CD) under the same separating conditions. The experiments were carried out using a BGE consisting of 50 mM phosphate in the pH range of 4-6 by adding a relatively low concentration of chiral selector (less than 10 mM). The effects of the concentration of CD and the pH of the electrolyte on the resolution of these compounds were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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36
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Abstract
In this review, an updated view of the different strategies used up to now to enhance the sensitivity of detection in chiral analysis by CE will be provided to the readers. With this aim, it will include a brief description of the fundamentals and most of the recent applications performed in sensitive chiral analysis by CE using offline and online sample treatment techniques (SPE, liquid-liquid extraction, microdialysis, etc.), on-column preconcentration techniques based on electrophoretic principles (ITP, stacking, and sweeping), and alternative detection systems (spectroscopic, spectrometric, and electrochemical) to the widely used UV-Vis absorption detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Martinez-Gomez MA, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Multivariate optimization approach for chiral resolution of drugs using human serum albumin in affinity electrokinetic chromatography-partial filling technique. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:4116-26. [PMID: 16252317 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric resolution of chiral compounds using HSA by means of affinity EKC (AEKC)-partial filling technique is the result of a delicate balance between different experimental variables such as protein concentration, running pH (background electrophoretic buffer, protein and compound solutions) and protein solution plug length. In this paper multivariate optimization approaches for chiral separation of four basic drugs (alprenolol, oxprenolol, promethazine and propranolol) using HSA as chiral selector in AEKC-partial filling technique are studied. The experimental conditions to achieve maximum resolution are optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design. Partial least squares and pareto charts are used to analyse the main effects on the resolution. The experimental resolutions observed for all compounds studied in optimum conditions agree with the estimated values based on response surface models. The results obtained show that the range of experimental conditions that provided enantioresolution narrows as hydrophobicity of analytes decreases. This fact can be explained by assuming that hydrophobicity controls the interaction of basic compounds with HSA.
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38
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Martínez-Gómez MA, Martínez-Pla JJ, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Medina-Hernández MJ. Chiral separation of oxprenolol by affinity electrokinetic chromatography-partial filling technique using human serum albumin as chiral selector. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:76-81. [PMID: 15927439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic characteristics of capillary electrophoresis have made this technique a powerful tool in the chiral separation field. The present paper deals with the enantiomeric separation of oxprenolol enantiomers by affinity electrokinetic chromatography-partial filling technique using human serum albumin (HSA) as chiral selector. Several experimental conditions and variables affecting the separation such as pH, HSA concentration and plug length, background electrolyte concentration, temperature and voltage were studied. Baseline separation of oxprenolol enantiomers was obtained in less than 8 min under the following selected conditions: electrophoretic buffer composed of 50 mM Tris-(hydroximethyl)-aminomethane (Tris) at pH 8.5; 190 microM HSA solution applied at 50 mbar for 225 s as chiral selector; oxprenolol samples contained 190 microM HSA solution injected hydrodynamically at 30 mbar for 2s and the electrophoretic runs performed at 30 degrees C applying 15 kV voltage. The proposed methodology was applied for the analysis of two pharmaceutical preparations. Resolution, accuracy, reproducibility, speed and cost of the proposed method make it suitable for quality control of the enantiomeric composition of oxprenolol in drugs. The results show that a different affinity between oxprenolol enantiomers and HSA exists and can contribute to the pharmacokinetic differentiation of these enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultat de Farmacia. Universitat de Valencia, Spain
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39
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Miao H, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Confirmation of peak assignments in capillary electrophoresis using immunoprecipitation. Application to D-aspartate measurements in neurons. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1106:56-60. [PMID: 16199049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is a powerful tool for analysis of samples ranging from tissue extracts to single cells. However, accurate peak identification in electropherograms is challenging when complex biological samples are analyzed, as often matching a migration time between an analyte and corresponding standard may be insufficient to confirm the peak's identity. A method which combines single-step immunoprecipitation and CE-LIF analysis for investigation of the chiral amino acids in single cells and small tissue samples is demonstrated. D-Aspartate (D-Asp) has been reported in the central nervous system of the invertebrate neurobiological model Aplysia californica. In order to confirm the identity of D-Asp signal in the complex electropherograms of nerve tissue extracts and individual neurons, anti-D-Asp serum, preincubated with L-Asp conjugate, is added to the sample. This selectively binds the free D-Asp, creating an antibody-antigen complex with a migration time similar to that of antibody alone, but not that of D-Asp. The complete disappearance of the putative D-Asp peak confirms its identity and validates that there are no other detectable analytes co-migrating with D-Asp in the electropherogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Champaign, School of Chemical Sciences, 600 South Mathews Avenue 63-5, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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40
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Bergström M, Nilsson M, Isaksson R, Rydén I, Påhlsson P, Ohlson S. Lectin affinity capillary electrophoresis in glycoform analysis applying the partial filling technique. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 809:323-9. [PMID: 15315783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Revised: 06/25/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of protein glycosylation and its significance in biological interactions is a field of growing interest. This work demonstrates a lectin-based separation of protein glycoforms of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP or orosomucoid) with capillary electrophoresis. Glycoform analysis was performed with a "partial filling technique" with the lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) as affinity ligand. Con A separated human AGP into two peaks; the first peak included AGP glycoforms without biantennary glycans, and the second peak represented the fraction that had one or more biantennary glycans. The applicability of the method was demonstrated with the analysis of AGP from clinical samples and AGP treated with N-glycosidase F. The AGP separation was also used as a reporter system to estimate the dissociation constant (KD) between Con A and a competing sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bergström
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden.
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41
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Vander Heyden Y, Mangelings D, Matthijs N, Perrin C. 18 Chiral separations. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(05)80062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Liu Q, Inoue T, Kirchhoff JR, Huang C, Tillekeratne LMV, Olmstead K, Hudson RA. Chiral separation of highly negatively charged enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1033:349-56. [PMID: 15088757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The separation of two highly negatively charged enantiomeric organic disulfates containing two chiral centers was investigated by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrin based chiral selectors added to the run buffer. The optimum separation for the enantiomers was achieved in less than 3 min at 25 degrees C with a run buffer of 10 mM glycine pH 2.4 and 5 mM QA-beta-CD, which is a positively charged quaternary ammonium beta-cyclodextrin derivative. The method resulted in baseline resolution, excellent linearity, and highly reproducible migration times allowing facile evaluation of the enantiomeric purity of the individual isomers. Detection limits for the enantiomeric pair were determined to be 0.3 ng/microl (S/N = 3). The nature of the selector-enantiomer interaction and a quantitative measurement of the apparent stability constants that governed chiral discrimination of the enantiomers with QA-beta-CD were also investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College ofArts and Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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43
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Martínez-Pla JJ, Martín-Biosca Y, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Medina-Hernández MJ. Chiral separation of bupivacaine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis partial-filling technique with human serum albumin as chiral selector. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1048:111-8. [PMID: 15453425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful technique for enantiomer separations due to its intrinsic high separation efficiencies, speed of analysis, low reagent consumption and small sample requirements. However, some chiral selectors present strong background UV absorption providing high detection limits. The present paper deals with the application of the partial-filling technique to the separation of bupivacaine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using human serum albumin (HSA) as chiral selector. In this procedure the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a dinamic capillary coating in order to reduce the electro-osmotic flow and detect both bupivacaine enantiomers out of the chiral selector plug. Several experimental conditions such as CTAB concentration, pH, HSA concentration and plug length, background electrolyte concentration, temperature and voltage were studied. Under the selected conditions it is possible to detect the separated enantiomers out of the HSA plug in less than 4 min using 50 mM Tris pH 8 as background electrolyte with 50 microM CTAB, at 30 degrees C and using a separation voltage of 25 kV. The proposed methodology was then validated for analytical purposes and applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations commercially available. The results obtained with the proposed methodology were in good agreement with those declared by the manufacturers. The simplicity, sample throughput, accuracy, reproducibility and low cost of the proposed method make it suitable for the control of the enantiomeric composition of bupivacaine in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Martínez-Pla
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, C/Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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44
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Abstract
In this review the literature on the application of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for size-based separations of macromolecules is summarized. Opportunities and limitations of CEC specially related to the size-exclusion mode (SEEC) are indicated. Applications with synthetic polymer samples as well as with biomacromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins) are shown. The prospects for a further development and application of SEEC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Th Kok
- Polymer-Analysis Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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45
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Kato M, Saruwatari H, Sakai-Kato K, Toyo'oka T. Silica sol–gel/organic hybrid material for protein encapsulated column of capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1044:267-70. [PMID: 15354447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new-type of sol-gel/organic hybrid composite material using gelatin or chitosan with tetramethoxysilane was developed for the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-encapsulated monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The composite monolith was used to immobilize BSA in a fused-silica capillary. The addition of gelatin and chitosan to the alkoxysilane enabled the enantioseparation of Trp. A very small amount of these polymers were effective for the enantioseparation. Especially, the monolithic column prepared from chitosan with tetramethoxysilane showed a high enantioselectivity for Trp enantiomers and the value (alpha' = t2/t1, t1: fast eluted enantiomer, t2: second eluted enantiomer) reached 1.15 on CEC mode. Furthermore, the composite materials exhibited a higher stability compared to the silica sol-gel column. These results showed that the sol-gel/organic hybrid composite was useful as a monolithic matrix for the BSA-encapsulated column for CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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46
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Martı́nez-Pla JJ, Martı́n-Biosca Y, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Medina-Hernández MJ. Fast enantiomeric separation of propranolol by affinity capillary electrophoresis using human serum albumin as chiral selector: application to quality control of pharmaceuticals. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Millot MC. Separation of drug enantiomers by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, using immobilized proteins as chiral selectors. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 797:131-59. [PMID: 14630147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteins display interesting chiral discrimination properties owing to multiple possibilities of intermolecular interactions with chiral compounds. This review deals with proteins which have been used as immobilized chiral selectors for the enantioseparation of drugs in liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The main procedures allowing the immobilization of proteins onto matrices, such as silica and zirconia particles, membranes and capillaries are first presented. Then the factors affecting the enantioseparation of drugs in liquid chromatography, using various protein-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), are reviewed and discussed. Last, chiral separations already achieved using immobilized protein selectors in affinity capillary electrochromatography (ACEC) are presented and compared in terms of efficiency, stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Millot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Polymères, CNRS-Université Paris 12, UMR 7581, 2 à 8 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France.
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48
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Bertucci C, Bartolini M, Gotti R, Andrisano V. Drug affinity to immobilized target bio-polymers by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 797:111-29. [PMID: 14630146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) as affinity separation methods to characterise drugs or potential drugs-bio-polymer interactions. Targets for the development of new drugs such as enzymes (IMERs), receptors, and membrane proteins were immobilized on solid supports. After the insertion in the HPLC system, these immobilized bio-polymers were used for the determination of binding constants of specific ligands, substrates and inhibitors of pharmaceutical interest, by frontal analyses and zonal elution methods. The most used bio-polymer immobilization techniques and methods for assessing the amount of active immobilized protein are reported. Examples of increased stability of immobilized enzymes with reduced amount of used protein were shown and the advantages in terms of recovery for reuse, reproducibility and on-line high-throughput screening for potential ligands are evidenced. Dealing with the acquisition of relevant pharmacokinetic data, examples concerning human serum albumin binding studies are reviewed. In particular, papers are reported in which the serum carrier has been studied to monitor the enantioselective binding of chiral drugs and the mutual interaction between co-administered drugs by CE and HPLC. Finally CE, as merging techniques with very promising and interesting application of microscale analysis of drugs' binding parameters to immobilized bio-polymers is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bertucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Kato M, Matsumoto N, Sakai-Kato K, Toyo'oka T. Investigation of chromatographic performances and binding characteristics of BSA-encapsulated capillary column prepared by the sol-gel method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 30:1845-50. [PMID: 12485726 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel protein-encapsulation technique using the sol-gel method for the preparation of monolithic capillary columns for capillary electrochromatography. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was encapsulated in tetramethoxysilane-based hydrogel and the enantioselectivity was evaluated. The present work examined the effect of various factors such as running buffer pH and concentration or organic modifier on the chromatographic performances as well as binding characteristics of BSA for D,L-tryptophan (Trp). The retention and enantioseparation dramatically changed depending on the buffer pH and concentrations. These factors influenced EOF and especially binding characteristics of BSA for L-Trp. Under the optimized conditions, the BSA-encapsulated columns revealed the adequate repeatability concerning column-to-column and run-to-run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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50
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Schmitt U, Branch SK, Holzgrabe U. Chiral separations by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis - Determination of the enantiomeric excess. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20021101)25:15/17<959::aid-jssc959>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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