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Kim S, Casement MD. Promoting adolescent sleep and circadian function: A narrative review on the importance of daylight access in schools. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:725-737. [PMID: 38616310 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2341156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent sleep disturbances and circadian delays pose significant challenges to mood and daytime functioning. In this narrative review, we explore the impact of light on sleep and highlight the importance of monitoring and managing light exposure in adolescents throughout the day and night. The benefits of daylight exposure in mitigating sleep and circadian disruptions are well-established; however, interventions targeting access to daylight in adolescents remain understudied and underutilized. The primary aim of this narrative review is to bring attention to this gap in the literature and propose the need for institutional-level interventions that promote access to daylight, especially considering adolescents' early school start times and substantial time spent indoors on weekdays. School-led interventions, such as active commuting to school and outdoor curriculums, have promising effects on sleep and circadian rhythms. Additionally, practical measures to optimize natural light in classrooms, including managing blinds and designing conducive environments, should also be considered. While future studies are necessary to facilitate the implementation of interventions, the potential for these school-level interventions to support adolescent sleep health is evident. Aiming for integration of individual-level regulation and institutional-level intervention of light exposure is necessary for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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2
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Hou CF, Tsui WA, Chou RJ, Hsu CH, Feria DN, Lin TY, Chen YF. Speckle-Free, Angle-Free, Cavity-Free White Laser with a High Color Rendering Index. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11489-11496. [PMID: 38393972 PMCID: PMC10921373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The freedom from efficiency droop motivates monochromatic lasers to progress in general lighting applications due to the demand for more efficient and sustainable light sources. Still, a white light based on monochromatic lasers with high lighting quality, such as a high color rendering ability, an angle-independent output, and a speckle-free illumination, has not yet been fabricated nor demonstrated. Random lasers, with the special mechanism caused by multiple scattering, the angle-free emission, and the uncomplicated fabrication processes, inspire us to investigate the feasibility of utilizing them in general lighting. In this work, a white random laser with a high color rendering index (CRI) value, regardless of pumping energy and observing direction, was performed and discussed. We also investigated the stability of white RL as its CIE chromaticity coordinates exhibit negligible differences with increasing pump energy density, retaining its high-CRI measurement. Also, it exhibits angle-independent emission while having a high color rendering ability. After passing through a scattering film, it generated no speckles compared to the conventional laser. We demonstrated the advances in white laser illumination, showing that a white random laser is promising to be applied for high-brightness illumination, biological-friendly lighting, accurate color selections, and medical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fu Hou
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Tsui
- Department
of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Jun Chou
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Department
of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Denice N. Feria
- Department
of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Lin
- Department
of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Kulkarni P, Pradeep B, Yusuf R, Alexander H, ElSayed H. Enhancing Occupant Comfort and Building Sustainability: Lessons from an Internet of Things-Based Study on Centrally Controlled Indoor Shared Spaces in Hot Climatic Conditions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1406. [PMID: 38474942 DOI: 10.3390/s24051406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that buildings have a sizeable energy and environmental footprint. In particular, in environments like university campuses, the occupants as well as occupancy in shared spaces varies over time. Systems for cooling in such environments that are centrally controlled are typically threshold driven and do not account for occupant feedback and thus are often relying on a reactive approach (fix after identifying problems). Therefore, having a fixed thermal operating set point may not be optimal in such cases-both from an occupant comfort and well-being as well as an energy efficiency perspective. To address this issue, a study was conducted which involved development and deployment of an experimental Internet of Things (IoT) prototype system and an Android application that facilitated people engagement on a university campus located in the UAE which typically exhibits hot climatic conditions. This paper showcases data driven insights obtained from this study, and in particular, how to achieve a balance between the conflicting goals of improving occupant comfort and energy efficiency. Findings from this study underscore the need for regular reassessments and adaptation. The proposed solution is low cost and easy to deploy and has the potential to reap significant savings through a reduction in energy consumption with estimates indicating around 50-100 kWh/day of savings per building and the resulting environmental impact. These findings would appeal to stakeholders who are keen to improve energy efficiency and reduce their operating expenses and environmental footprint in such climatic conditions. Furthermore, collective action from a large number of entities could result in significant impact through this cumulative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Kulkarni
- College of Information Technology (CIT), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- National Water and Energy Centre (NWEC), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bivin Pradeep
- College of Information Technology (CIT), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahemeen Yusuf
- Emirates Centre for Happiness Research, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Henry Alexander
- College of Information Technology (CIT), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hesham ElSayed
- College of Information Technology (CIT), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Norouzi N, Martinez A, Rico Z. Architectural Design Qualities of an Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital to Benefit Patients and Staff. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2023; 16:103-117. [PMID: 37365801 PMCID: PMC10621023 DOI: 10.1177/19375867231180907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is focused on how architectural design of adolescent psychiatric hospitals could positively affect not only patients but also staff members working at the hospitals. BACKGROUND Adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 are among the young population with the highest percentage of mental illness. However, there are limited number of intentionally designed psychiatric hospitals for adolescents. Staff who work in adolescent psychiatric hospitals may face workplace violence. Studies on environmental impacts suggest that the built environment affects patients' well-being and safety as well as staff's satisfaction, working condition, safety, and health. However, there are very few studies that focus on adolescent psychiatric hospitals and the impact of the built environment on both staff and patients. METHODS Data were collected through literature analysis and semi-structured interviews with staff of three psychiatric state hospitals with adolescent patient units. The triangulation of multiple data sources informed a set of environmental design conditions that captures the complexity and connectedness of architectural design and the occupants of an adolescent psychiatric hospital. RESULTS The results present architectural composition, atmosphere, lighting, natural environment, safety, and security as indispensable design conditions to create an enclosed and city-like campus that provides a serene, secure, and structured environment that benefit staff and adolescent patients. CONCLUSION The specific design strategies that need to be incorporated in the architectural design of a safe and secure adolescent psychiatric hospital include an open floor plan that respects patients' autonomy and offers privacy while always providing staff with full visibility of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Norouzi
- Department of Architecture, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Department of Architecture, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zayra Rico
- Department of Architecture, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kropman D, Appel-Meulenbroek R, Bergefurt L, LeBlanc P. The business case for a healthy office; a holistic overview of relations between office workspace design and mental health. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:658-675. [PMID: 35913263 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of the physical workspace in employee mental health is often overlooked. As a (mentally) healthy workforce is vital for an organisation's success, it is important to optimise office workspace conditions. Previous studies on the effects of the physical workspace on mental health tended to focus on the effects of a specific element of the physical workspace on one or only a few mental health indicators. This study takes a more holistic approach by addressing the relationship of physical workspace characteristics with ten broad indicators of work-related mental health. Results of a systematic review of empirical evidence show that many aspects of (day)light, office layout/design, and temperature and thermal comfort have been proven to be related to many mental health indicators. Less tacit workspace characteristics (e.g., noise, use of colours) have been explored too, but so far have only been related to a few mental health indicators.Practitioner summary: The absence of holistic insights regarding the empirical proof of the effects of workspace design on employee mental health prevents a clear business case for workplace investments. This paper presents a content analysis of existing studies and shows how seven elements of workspace design relate to 10 mental health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Kropman
- Department of the Built Environment, Unit Urban Systems and Real Estate, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek
- Department of the Built Environment, Unit Urban Systems and Real Estate, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Bergefurt
- Department of the Built Environment, Unit Urban Systems and Real Estate, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Pascale LeBlanc
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Human Performance Management Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Cheng X, Yan Y, Hu T, Lv Y, Zeng Y. A review of the effect of the light environment of the VDT workspace on the "learning to learn" effect of video game training. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1093602. [PMID: 36908803 PMCID: PMC9998512 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of video games in enhancing brain plasticity and learning ability has been verified, and this learning transfer is known as the "learning to learn" effect of video game training. At the same time, against the background of healthy lighting, the influence of non-visual effects of light environment on the human rhythmic system has been gradually confirmed. As a special operation form of Visual Display Terminal (VDT) operation, video game training has a high dependence on VDT equipment and the VDT screen, and the background usually has a huge difference in brightness. Compared with the light environment of ordinary operation space, the light environment of VDT operation space is more complex. This complex light environment's non-visual effects cause human emotions, alertness, fatigue, cognitive ability, and other changes, which may affect the efficiency of the "learning to learn" effect of video game training. This article focuses on the impact of the light environment in the VDT workspace on the "learning to learn" effect of video game training. It first traces the factors that trigger the "learning to learn" effect of video game training, that is, the improvement of people's attention, perception, and cognitive ability. Then, the influencing mechanism and the evaluation method of the VDT workspace space light environment on the human rhythm system are discussed based on the basic theory of photobiological effect. In addition, the VDT display lighting light time pattern, photophysical properties, regulation, and protection mechanism on the human rhythm system are studied to demonstrate the VDT workspace light environment's special characteristics. Finally, combined with the progress of artificial lighting technology and the research results of health lighting, given the "learning to learn" effect of video game training, some thoughts on the design of the light environment of the workplace and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Mountainous City and Towns Construction and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Mountainous City and Towns Construction and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Mountainous City and Towns Construction and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Lv
- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Mountainous City and Towns Construction and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Mountainous City and Towns Construction and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Lin J, Yang H, Zhang Y, Cao Z, Li D, Sun L, Zhang X, Wang Y. Association of time spent in outdoor light and genetic risk with the incidence of depression. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 36737433 PMCID: PMC9898270 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the consequence of both environment and genes working together. Genetic factors increase depression risk, but it is unclear whether this association can be offset by time spent in outdoor light. The study was undertaken to investigate the optimal time spent in outdoor light for lowering the risk of depression and the joint association of time spent in outdoor light and depression genetic risk. In UK Biobank, 380,976 depression-free individuals were included in this study. Polygenic risk score (PRS) was categorized into three groups in terms of tertiles. Time spent in outdoor light on a typical day in summer or winter originated from the questionnaire survey. Depression was defined as hospital admission. The potential dose-response relationship between time spent in outdoor light and depression risk was shown by a restricted cubic spline. Data were analyzed using Cox regressions and Laplace regression. After the median follow-up of 12.6 years, 13,636 individuals suffered from depression in the end. A nonlinear (J-shaped relationship) trend was observed between time spent in outdoor light and depression risk. On average, 1.5 h/day of outdoor light was related to the minimum risk of depression. Individuals below and above this optimal time both had elevated depression risk (below, HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.16; above, HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.20), and the time to incident depression were both shortened by 0.46 years (50th percentile differences [PD] = -0.46, 95% CI: -0.78, -0.14) and 0.63 years (50th PD = -0.63, 95% CI: -0.90, -0.35) years, respectively. In a comparison of individuals with the lowest tertile of PRS and average 1.5 h/day outdoor light, the HRs and 95% CIs of depression were 1.36 (1.21-1.53) and 1.43 (1.29-1.58) in those with the highest tertile of PRS and below/above this reference value, respectively. Significant multiplicative interactions were observed between intermediate genetic risks and longer time spent in outdoor light. We found that an average of 1.5 h/day spent in outdoor light was associated with a lower depression risk whatever the degree of depression genetic predisposition. Moderate time spent in outdoor light may contribute to a decreased depression risk even among people with a higher genetic risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Cao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dun Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Borsos Á, Zoltán ES, Cakó B, Medvegy G, Girán J. A Creative Concept to empower office workers addressing work-related health risks. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6631502. [PMID: 35788311 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among office workers, the sedentary work-related health challenges are mainly associated with the fact that they often sit for up to 10 hr a working day. Members of the Research Group conducted a research program to assist the office workers of an international telecommunication company's affiliate in Budapest to enhance comfort levels in the office work environment. The data collection included a Comfort Survey to reveal employees' sense of comfort related to Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) components and the characteristics of employees' feelings and behavior during working hours. Moreover, a measurement of IEQ components was carried out and focused on air quality, lighting, sound exposure and thermal comfort parameters. Based on the survey's results, a Creative Concept was developed to empower office workers to address work-related health risks, notably sedentary work risks. The Creative Concept consists of five elements: a Comfort Map as an IEQ-related application to select a suitable workplace, redesigning concepts to increase the use of lounges, a newly developed work pad to improve personal hygiene in an office environment, recommendations for creating a health-enabling work environment and a workplace training program to raise health awareness. After validation, our Creative Concept can function as a multi-component workplace health promotion method to offer assistance for a wide variety of offices to create a health-enabling working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Borsos
- Department of Interior, Applied and Creative Design, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Pécs, Boszorkány út 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Szeréna Zoltán
- Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Pécs, Boszorkány út 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Cakó
- Department of Building Services and Building Engineering of Engineering and Information Technology University of Pécs, Boszorkány út 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Medvegy
- Department of Interior, Applied and Creative Design, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Pécs, Boszorkány út 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Girán
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Inclusive Design of Workspaces: Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding Users. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accessible design within the built environment has often focused on mobility conditions and has recently widened to include mental health. Additionally, as one in seven are neurodivergent (including conditions such as ADHD, autism, dyslexia, and dyspraxia), this highlights a growing need for designing for ‘non-visible’ conditions in addition to mobility. Emphasised by the growing disability pay gap and the disability perception gap, people with disabilities are still facing discrimination and physical barriers within the workplace. This research aimed to identify key ways of reducing physical barriers faced by people with a disability and thus encourage more comfortable and productive use of workspaces for all. Once the need for designing for a spectrum of users and inclusive workspace design was understood, a survey was then circulated to students and staff at a large university in the UK (working remotely from home), with the aim of understanding how people have adapted their home spaces and what barriers they continue to face. Quantitative and qualitative results were compared to the literature read with key issues emerging, such as separating work and rest from spaces in bedrooms. The survey findings and literature were evaluated, extracting key performance-based goals (e.g., productivity and focus within a study space) and prescriptive design features (e.g., lighting, furniture, and thermal comfort), whilst also considering the inclusivity of these features. The key conclusion establishes that, to achieve maximum benefit, it is important to work with the users to understand specific needs and identify creative and inclusive solutions.
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Schmid SR, Höhn C, Bothe K, Plamberger CP, Angerer M, Pletzer B, Hoedlmoser K. How Smart Is It to Go to Bed with the Phone? The Impact of Short-Wavelength Light and Affective States on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:558-580. [PMID: 34842631 PMCID: PMC8628671 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we presented our preliminary results (N = 14) investigating the effects of short-wavelength light from a smartphone during the evening on sleep and circadian rhythms (Höhn et al., 2021). Here, we now demonstrate our full sample (N = 33 men), where polysomnography and body temperature were recorded during three experimental nights and subjects read for 90 min on a smartphone with or without a filter or from a book. Cortisol, melatonin and affectivity were assessed before and after sleep. These results confirm our earlier findings, indicating reduced slow-wave-sleep and -activity in the first night quarter after reading on the smartphone without a filter. The same was true for the cortisol-awakening-response. Although subjective sleepiness was not affected, the evening melatonin increase was attenuated in both smartphone conditions. Accordingly, the distal-proximal skin temperature gradient increased less after short-wavelength light exposure than after reading a book. Interestingly, we could unravel within this full dataset that higher positive affectivity in the evening predicted better subjective but not objective sleep quality. Our results show disruptive consequences of short-wavelength light for sleep and circadian rhythmicity with a partially attenuating effect of blue-light filters. Furthermore, affective states influence subjective sleep quality and should be considered, whenever investigating sleep and circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Schmid
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.S.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (C.P.P.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Christopher Höhn
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.S.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (C.P.P.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Kathrin Bothe
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.S.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (C.P.P.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Christina P. Plamberger
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.S.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (C.P.P.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Monika Angerer
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.S.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (C.P.P.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Belinda Pletzer
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Kerstin Hoedlmoser
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.S.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (C.P.P.); (M.A.)
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
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11
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Canbeyli R. Sensory Stimulation Via the Visual, Auditory, Olfactory and Gustatory Systems Can Modulate Mood and Depression. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:244-263. [PMID: 34708453 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, predicted to be the leading cause of disease burden by the next decade. There is great deal of emphasis on the central origin and potential therapeutics of depression whereby the symptomatology of depression has been interpreted and treated as brain generated dysfunctions filtering down to the periphery. This top-down approach has found strong support from clinical work and basic neuroscientific research. Nevertheless, despite great advances in our knowledge of the etiology and therapeutics of depression, success in treatment is still by no means assured.. As a consequence, a wide net has been cast by both clinicians and researchers in search of more efficient therapies for mood disorders. As a complementary view, the present integrative review advocates approaching mood and depression from the opposite perspective: a bottom-up view that starts from the periphery. Specifically, evidence is provided to show that sensory stimulation via the visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory systems can modulate depression. The review shows how -depending on several parameters- unisensory stimulation via these modalities can ameliorate or aggravate depressive symptoms. Moreover, the review emphasizes the bidirectional relationship between sensory stimulation and depression. Just as peripheral stimulation can modulate depression, depression in turn affects-and in most cases impairs-sensory reception. Furthermore, the review suggests that combined use of multisensory stimulation may have synergistic ameliorative effects on depressive symptoms over and above what has so far been documented for unisensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resit Canbeyli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University
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12
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Korman M, Tkachev V, Reis C, Komada Y, Kitamura S, Gubin D, Kumar V, Roenneberg T. Outdoor daylight exposure and longer sleep promote wellbeing under COVID-19 mandated restrictions. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13471. [PMID: 34549481 PMCID: PMC8646753 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important regulator of daily human physiology in providing time‐of‐day information for the circadian clock to stay synchronised with the 24‐hr day. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic led to social restrictions in many countries to prevent virus spreading, restrictions that dramatically altered daily routines and limited outdoor daylight exposure. We previously reported that sleep duration increased, social jetlag decreased, and mid‐sleep times delayed during social restrictions (Global Chrono Corona Survey, N = 7,517). In the present study, we investigated in the same dataset changes in wellbeing and their link to outdoor daylight exposure, and sleep–wake behaviour. In social restrictions, median values of sleep quality, quality of life, physical activity and productivity deteriorated, while screen time increased, and outdoor daylight exposure was reduced by ~58%. Yet, many survey participants also reported no changes or even improvements. Larger reductions in outdoor daylight exposure were linked to deteriorations in wellbeing and delayed mid‐sleep times. Notably, sleep duration was not associated with outdoor daylight exposure loss. Longer sleep and decreased alarm‐clock use dose‐dependently correlated with changes in sleep quality and quality of life. Regression analysis for each wellbeing aspect showed that a model with six predictors including both levels and their deltas of outdoor daylight exposure, sleep duration and mid‐sleep timing explained 5%–10% of the variance in changes of wellbeing scores (except for productivity). As exposure to daylight may extenuate the negative effects of social restriction and prevent sleep disruption, public strategies during pandemics should actively foster spending more daytime outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Cátia Reis
- Católica Research Centre for Psychological - Family and Social Wellbeing, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal.,ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CENC - Centro de Medicina de Sono, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yoko Komada
- Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kitamura
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denis Gubin
- Department of Biology, Medical University, Tyumen, Russia.,Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute and Polyclinic for Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Chronsulting Priel, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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The Comfort Map—A Possible Tool for Increasing Personal Comfort in Office Workplaces. BUILDINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings11060233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters may have a considerable effect on office employees’ comfort, health and performance. Therefore, we initiated a research program to help occupants identify IEQ parameters they perceive as risk factors for their health in an office and enhance their comfort levels in an office environment. Since we assumed that office employees might have different indoor environmental quality expectations related to their work area and that these differences could be measured, our objective was to develop an office ‘comfort map’ based on occupants’ individual IEQ preferences. Thus, the goal of the comfort map would be to help tailor office spaces to their occupants’ health and comfort expectations. The comfort survey was developed to assess the comfort-related opinions of the occupants, based on IEQ parameters (visual comfort, acoustic comfort, air quality and thermal comfort) of a chosen open-plan office building. The survey also assessed the degree to which the given IEQ parameter was considered a health risk factor by occupants or caused a negative comfort sensation for them. The survey was filled in by 216 occupants. The answers were then analyzed with the help of a frequency table depicting relative frequency. The measurements of IEQ parameters took place in an open-plan office in the chosen office building (a Hungarian subsidiary’s office building belonging to an international company in Budapest). The occupants had different opinions regarding the perceived effects of the IEQ parameters on their health and comfort. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (64.8%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of the noises and sounds IEQ parameter at their workstation. Furthermore, half of the respondents (50.1%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of ventilation. Most of the occupants (45.8%) considered noises and sounds as the IEQ parameter that had a negative effect on their health. There were also IEQ differences between different areas of the office space. Based on these results, a comfort map was developed for the office. The comfort map contains information about the IEQ characteristics of each workstation by depicting the thermal comfort, carbon dioxide, visual comfort and acoustic comfort characteristics of a given workstation on a relative scale. Based on the thermal, air, acoustic, and lighting differences between the workstations, occupants can select their preferred workstations when a desk-sharing system works. Although still in its pilot phase, the comfort map could increase the chances for office employees to find the workstation best suited to their IEQ expectations. This could improve occupants’ overall comfort level, which could in turn enhance occupants’ productivity and mental as well as physical health.
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14
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Zhang R, Campanella C, Aristizabal S, Jamrozik A, Zhao J, Porter P, Ly S, Bauer BA. Impacts of Dynamic LED Lighting on the Well-Being and Experience of Office Occupants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197217. [PMID: 33023141 PMCID: PMC7579128 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a critical factor in the built environment, lighting presents considerable influence on occupants. Previous research across static lighting conditions has found that both illuminance and correlated color temperature (CCT) affect occupants’ physiological and psychological functioning. However, little research has been conducted on the non-visual impacts of dynamic lighting with daily variation in illuminance and CCT levels. The purpose of this study is to better understand the impact of dynamic lighting on office occupants’ health, well-being and experience at a living lab. Fifteen participants were recruited to work in three office modules for four months. Four lighting conditions were designed and implemented in this study, including two static lighting conditions and two dynamic lighting conditions with a specific predefined control scheme. A prototype lighting system with enhanced control capabilities was configured and implemented to ensure the desired lighting environment protocol. Both objective methods and subjective surveys were used to assess the behavioral and physiological outcomes of interest, including mental stress, sleep, productivity, satisfaction, mood, visual comfort and perceived naturalness. The results showed that the daytime behavioral impacts were either positive or mixed. Specifically, a significant alertness increase was observed in the afternoon, indicating a potential solution to reduce the natural feelings of sleepiness during the workday. There was also a marginal benefit for mood. The nighttime impacts include a significant decrease in perceived sleep quality and sleep time after subjects were exposed to dynamic lighting. No significant differences were observed for mental stress, productivity, visual comfort, or perceived naturalness. The findings present additional insights into the non-visual impacts of dynamic lighting and give recommendations for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpeng Zhang
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.C.); (S.A.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (B.A.B.)
- Delos Labs, Delos Living, New York, NY 10014, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Campanella
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.C.); (S.A.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (B.A.B.)
- Delos Labs, Delos Living, New York, NY 10014, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Sara Aristizabal
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.C.); (S.A.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (B.A.B.)
- Delos Labs, Delos Living, New York, NY 10014, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Anja Jamrozik
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.C.); (S.A.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (B.A.B.)
- Delos Labs, Delos Living, New York, NY 10014, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Jie Zhao
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.C.); (S.A.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (B.A.B.)
- Delos Labs, Delos Living, New York, NY 10014, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Paige Porter
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.C.); (S.A.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (B.A.B.)
- Delos Labs, Delos Living, New York, NY 10014, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Shaun Ly
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.C.); (S.A.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (B.A.B.)
- Delos Labs, Delos Living, New York, NY 10014, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Brent A. Bauer
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.C.); (S.A.); (A.J.); (J.Z.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (B.A.B.)
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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15
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Personalized Office Lighting for Circadian Health and Improved Sleep. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164569. [PMID: 32824032 PMCID: PMC7472178 DOI: 10.3390/s20164569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In modern society, the average person spends more than 90% of their time indoors. However, despite the growing scientific understanding of the impact of light on biological mechanisms, the existing light in the built environment is designed predominantly to meet visual performance requirements only. Lighting can also be exploited as a means to improve occupant health and well-being through the circadian functions that regulate sleep, mood, and alertness. The benefits of well-lit spaces map across other regularly occupied building types, such as residences and schools, as well as patient rooms in healthcare and assisted-living facilities. Presently, Human Centric Lighting is being offered based on generic insights on population average experiences. In this paper, we suggest a personalized bio-adaptive office lighting system, controlled to emit a lighting recipe tailored to the individual employee. We introduce a new mathematical optimization for lighting schedules that align the 24-h circadian cycle. Our algorithm estimates and optimizes parameters in experimentally validated models of the human circadian pacemaker. Moreover, it constrains deviations from the light levels desired and needed to perform daily activities. We further translate these into general principles for circadian lighting. We use experimentally validated models of the human circadian pacemaker to introduce a new algorithm to mathematically optimize lighting schedules to achieve circadian alignment to the 24-h cycle, with constrained deviations from the light levels desired for daily activities. Our suggested optimization algorithm was able to translate our findings into general principles for circadian lighting. In particular, our simulation results reveal: (1) how energy constrains drive the shape of optimal lighting profiles by dimming the light levels in the time window that light is less biologically effective; (2) how inter-individual variations in the characteristic internal duration of the day shift the timing of optimal lighting exposure; (3) how user habits and, in particular, late-evening light exposure result in differentiation in late afternoon office lighting.
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16
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Effects of light transitions on measures of alertness, arousal and comfort. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112999. [PMID: 32540333 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on the onset, persistence, and symmetry of effects of lighting transitions on humans is relevant when designing dynamic lighting scenarios and, additionally, can shed light on the dominance of underlying mechanisms. We examined temporal trajectories in measures of alertness, arousal and comfort after abrupt lighting transitions that were created using two strongly contrasting light conditions (warm, dim lighting vs. cool, bright lighting). In this controlled within-subjects experiment, thirtyeight healthy subjects participated in four separate sessions of 90 min. Subjective experiences (alertness, comfort and mood) and objective measures of vigilance (PVT performance), arousal (HR, HRV, SCL), and thermoregulation (skin temperature and DPG) were studied. The comparison of the temporal trajectories following the transition in light for the different variables indicates a complex interplay of underlying physiological and psychological processes driving these effects.
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17
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Daugaard S, Markvart J, Bonde JP, Christoffersen J, Garde AH, Hansen ÅM, Schlünssen V, Vestergaard JM, Vistisen HT, Kolstad HA. Light Exposure during Days with Night, Outdoor, and Indoor Work. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 63:651-665. [PMID: 30865270 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess light exposure during days with indoor, outdoor, and night work and days off work. METHODS Light intensity was continuously recorded for 7 days across the year among indoor (n = 170), outdoor (n = 151), and night workers (n = 188) in Denmark (55-56°N) equipped with a personal light recorder. White light intensity, duration above 80, 1000, and 2500 lux, and proportion of red, green, and blue light was depicted by time of the day and season for work days and days off work. RESULTS Indoor workers' average light exposure only intermittently exceeded 1000 lux during daytime working hours in summer and never in winter. During daytime working hours, most outdoor workers exceeded 2500 lux in summer and 1000 lux in winter. Night workers spent on average 10-50 min >80 lux when working night shifts. During days off work, indoor and night workers were exposed to higher light intensities than during work days and few differences were seen between indoor, outdoor, and night workers. The spectral composition of light was similar for indoor, outdoor, and night workers during days at and off work. CONCLUSION The night workers of this study were during night hours on average exposed for a limited time to light intensities expected to suppress melatonin. The indoor workers were exposed to light levels during daylight hours that may reduce general well-being and mood, especially in winter. Outdoor workers were during summer daylight hours exposed to light levels comparable to those used for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Daugaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazinni Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Markvart
- Department of Energy Performance, Indoor Environment and Sustainability of Buildings, Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Helene Garde
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Medom Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazinni Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helene Tilma Vistisen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazinni Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazinni Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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The Energy Saving Potential of Wide Windows in Hospital Patient Rooms, Optimizing the Type of Glazing and Lighting Control Strategy under Different Climatic Conditions. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
If not properly designed, the adoption of large windows can sometimes have a negative impact on building energy demand. For this reason, aggravated by the outdated building envelope of the healthcare building stock, large fenestration systems are usually avoided in hospitals, especially in old structures. However, with appropriate glazing specifications, the adoption of wider openings can result into significant energy savings, lower costs and strong positive effects on patients and staff well-being. The present study investigates how different window sizes and types of glazing affect heating, cooling and lighting energy demand in a hospital patient room. The objective is to evaluate the energy savings that may be obtained when installing larger windows and to identify the glazing properties allowing one to reach the maximum energy reductions. Simulations were carried out using nine diverse glazing systems, already available on the market, and their energy performance was evaluated in relation to two different window areas: a common size opening, characterized by a 25% Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), and a floor to ceiling window, with 77% WWR. The analysis was conducted taking into consideration four different orientations in four Italian cities, supposing two artificial lighting control strategies. The results highlighted how the adoption of wider windows with appropriate glazings and a daylight-linked dimming lighting control strategy may lower the primary energy demand up to 17%.
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19
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20
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Te Kulve M, Schlangen LJM, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD. Early evening light mitigates sleep compromising physiological and alerting responses to subsequent late evening light. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16064. [PMID: 31690740 PMCID: PMC6831674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of electric light and electronic devices has resulted in an excessive exposure to light during the late-evening and at night. This late light exposure acutely suppresses melatonin and sleepiness and delays the circadian clock. Here we investigate whether the acute effects of late-evening light exposure on our physiology and sleepiness are reduced when this light exposure is preceded by early evening bright light. Twelve healthy young females were included in a randomised crossover study. All participants underwent three evening (18:30-00:30) sessions during which melatonin, subjective sleepiness, body temperature and skin blood flow were measured under different light conditions: (A) dim light, (B) dim light with a late-evening (22:30-23:30) light exposure of 750 lx, 4000 K, and (C) the same late-evening light exposure, but now preceded by early-evening bright light exposure (18.30-21.00; 1200 lx, 4000 K). Late-evening light exposure reduced melatonin levels and subjective sleepiness and resulted in larger skin temperature gradients as compared to dim. Interestingly, these effects were reduced when the late-evening light was preceded by an early evening 2.5-hour bright light exposure. Thus daytime and early-evening exposure to bright light can mitigate some of the sleep-disruptive consequences of light exposure in the later evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Te Kulve
- Department of Human Biology & Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,bba indoor environmental consultancy, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc J M Schlangen
- Intelligent Lighting Institute, Department of Human Technology Interaction, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Signify, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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21
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Canazei M, Bassa D, Jimenez P, Papousek I, Fink A, Weiss E. Effects of an adjunctive, chronotype-based light therapy in hospitalized patients with severe burnout symptoms - a pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:993-1004. [PMID: 31068015 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1604539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Light therapy is a well-established treatment option for seasonal affective disorders and is effective in reducing sleep problems and daytime fatigue. Symptoms of severe burnout include feelings of exhaustion and impaired sleep and mood. Thus, light therapy seems promising for burnout treatment. So far, light therapy effects in burnout were investigated in outpatient settings only, with inconclusive results. The present study targeted light therapy effects in an inpatient setting. Participants with severe burnout were recruited in two psychosomatic clinics and randomly assigned to a control group with multimodal psychiatric treatment or an add-on light treatment group. Participants in the latter group were additionally exposed to morning bright light (illuminance: 4246 lux, irradiance: 1802.81 µW.cm-2) for 3 weeks, 30 minutes a day, timed to their chronotypes. Light effects on burnout symptoms, depression, well-being, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and attentional performance were measured twice (pre-/postintervention design). Adjunctive chronotype-based bright light therapy was well tolerated and improved burnout symptoms and well-being without additional effect on severity of depression. Furthermore, reduced daytime sleepiness, improved nighttime sleep quality, a sleep phase advance of 25 minutes, shortened sleep latency, less sleep disturbances and increased sleep duration were observed in the light treatment group. No group differences were found in attentional performance. Chronotype-based bright light therapy seems to be effective in improving burnout symptoms and sleep problems in patients with severe burnout symptoms. Further studies with larger sample sizes and objective measures of sleep are necessary to confirm these preliminary results before practical recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Canazei
- a Research Department , Bartenbach GmbH , Aldrans , Austria
| | - Daniela Bassa
- b Department of Psychology , Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz
| | | | - Ilona Papousek
- b Department of Psychology , Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz
| | - Andreas Fink
- b Department of Psychology , Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz
| | - Elisabeth Weiss
- c Department of Psychology , University of Graz , Graz , Austria
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22
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Vested A, Schlünssen V, Burdorf A, Andersen JH, Christoffersen J, Daugaard S, Flachs EM, Garde AH, Hansen ÅM, Markvart J, Peters S, Stokholm Z, Vestergaard JM, Vistisen HT, Kolstad HA. A Quantitative General Population Job Exposure Matrix for Occupational Daytime Light Exposure. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 63:666-678. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHigh daytime light levels may reduce the risk of affective disorders. Outdoor workers are during daytime exposed to much higher light intensities than indoor workers. A way to study daytime light exposure and disease on a large scale is by use of a general population job exposure matrix (JEM) combined with national employment and health data. The objective of this study was to develop a JEM applicable for epidemiological studies of exposure response between daytime light exposure, affective disorders, and other health effects by combining expert scores and light measurements. We measured light intensity during daytime work hours 06:00–17:59 for 1–7 days with Philips Actiwatch Spectrum® light recorders (Actiwatch) among 695 workers representing 71 different jobs. Jobs were coded into DISCO-88, the Danish version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988. Daytime light measurements were collected all year round in Denmark (55–56°N). Arithmetic mean white light intensity (lux) was calculated for each hour of observation (n = 15,272), natural log-transformed, and used as the dependent variable in mixed effects linear regression models. Three experts rated probability and duration of outdoor work for all 372 jobs within DISCO-88. Their ratings were used to construct an expert score that was included together with month of the year and hour of the day as fixed effects in the model. Job, industry nested within job, and worker were included as random effects. The model estimated daytime light intensity levels specific for hour of the day and month of the year for all jobs with a DISCO-88 code in Denmark. The fixed effects explained 37% of the total variance: 83% of the between-jobs variance, 57% of the between industries nested in jobs variance, 43% of the between-workers variance, and 15% of the within-worker variance. Modeled daytime light intensity showed a monotonic increase with increasing expert score and a 30-fold ratio between the highest and lowest exposed jobs. Building construction laborers were based on the JEM estimates among the highest and medical equipment operators among the lowest exposed. This is the first quantitative JEM of daytime light exposure and will be used in epidemiological studies of affective disorders and other health effects potentially associated with light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vested
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé, Aarhus C, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Public Health, Wytemaweg, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan H Andersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Gl. Landevej, Herning, Denmark
| | - Jens Christoffersen
- VELUX A/S, VELUX Group, Knowledge centre for Daylight, Energy & Indoor Climate, Ådalsvej DK, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Stine Daugaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Esben M Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jakob Markvart
- Department of Energy Performance, Indoor Environment and Sustainability, Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge, Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Susan Peters
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zara Stokholm
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jesper M Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Gl. Landevej, Herning, Denmark
| | - Helene T Vistisen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
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23
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Moraitis P, Leeuwen GV, Sark WV. Visual Appearance of Nanocrystal-Based Luminescent Solar Concentrators. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060885. [PMID: 30884811 PMCID: PMC6471105 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is a promising concept for the integration of photovoltaic (PV) generators into the building envelope. Having the form of semitransparent plates, LSCs offer a high degree of flexibility and can be used as windows or facades, as part of the of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) industry. Existing performance characterizations of LSC devices focus almost exclusively on electric power generation. However, when used as window components, the transmitted spectrum can alter the color, potentially affecting the visual comfort of the occupants by altering the properties of the sunlight. In this study, eight different state-of-the-art nanocrystals are evaluated as potential candidates for LSC window luminophores, using Monte Carlo simulations. The transparency of each LSC window varies between 90% and 50%, and the color-rendering properties are assessed with respect to the color rendering index (CRI) and the correlated color temperature (CCT). It is found that luminophores with a wide absorption bandwidth in the visible spectrum can maintain a high CRI value (above 85) and CCT values close to the Planckian locus, even for high luminophore concentrations. In contrast, luminophores that only absorb partly in the visible spectrum suffer from color distortion, a situation characterized by low CCT and CRI values, even at high transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gijs van Leeuwen
- Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CB, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilfried van Sark
- Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CB, The Netherlands.
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On optimal and near-optimal shapes of external shading of windows in apartment buildings. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212710. [PMID: 30817800 PMCID: PMC6394916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied previously optimal shape of external shading of windows in a cellular office with an outer edge modeled by a non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) curve whose control points were placed uniformly around western fin, overhang and eastern fin of the window, and whose depths were allowed to vary independently. We observed there that for each climate considered in the study there exists a shading shape close to the optimal one, but with a substantially simpler structure of control points for the NURBS curve. This simpler structure was reflected in partitioning control points into six groups such that all control points in the same group have equal depths, with groups corresponding to lower part of the western fin, upper part of the western fin, joint of the western fin and the overhang, internal part of the overhang, joint of the overhang and the eastern fin and the remaining part of the eastern fin. Here we confirm that shadings with control point structure restricted in such way can perform as well as shadings with unrestricted control points by optimising shape of external shading of windows in an apartment room for both restricted and unrestricted control point structure for the same range of climates, and showing that differences in heating and cooling demands between Pareto optimal shadings in both cases are negligibly small. This grouping of control points thus gives a simple and natural division of shading into a small number of basic constituents that have most impact on its heating and cooling demands. We further consider the convex hull of the Pareto front for shadings with restricted control points, as it contains shadings that minimise equivalent source energy in terms of the ratio of efficiencies and source energy conversion factors for district heating and cooling. We show that, in cases when depths of control point groups in convex hull shadings do not experience sudden changes between their extremal values, these depths can be fitted reasonably well by a sigmoid function that results in functional shadings that satisfactorily approximate heating and cooling demands of shadings in the Pareto front.
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Zhu Y, Yang M, Yao Y, Xiong X, Li X, Zhou G, Ma N. Effects of Illuminance and Correlated Color Temperature on Daytime Cognitive Performance, Subjective Mood, and Alertness in Healthy Adults. ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:199-230. [DOI: 10.1177/0013916517738077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of indoor illuminance and correlated color temperature (CCT) on healthy adults’ cognitive performance, subjective mood, and alertness during daytime office hours and differences in time-of-day effects. A 2(illuminance) × 2(CCT) × 2(morning vs. afternoon) mixed design ( N = 60) was employed. Participants felt less sleepy in the bright light exposure. The low “cool” lighting induced the least positive mood. The effects of illuminance and CCT on subjective feelings were not time-of-day dependent. The results demonstrated the slowest responses in inhibition, working memory, and recognition of facial expression tasks in the low “warm” lighting. The effect on long-term memory was most pronounced under the high “cool” light exposure, but only in the afternoon for recognition of neutral words. The findings suggest that future research on good indoor lighting should consider illuminance levels and CCT as well as other variables to optimize lighting effects during regular daytime hours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minqi Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yao
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., China
| | - Ning Ma
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Heat and Lighting on the Level of Attention and Reaction Time: Climate Chamber Experiments in Iran. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:5171582. [PMID: 29861665 PMCID: PMC5971232 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5171582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat exposure and unsuitable lighting are two physical hazardous agents in many workplaces for which there are some evidences regarding their mental effects. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effect of heat exposure and different lighting levels on the attention rate and reaction time in a climatic chamber. This study was conducted on 33 healthy students (17 M/16 F) with a mean (±SD) age of 22.1 ± 2.3 years. The attention and reaction time test were done by continuous performance test and the RT meter, respectively, in different exposure conditions including the dry temperatures (22°C and 37°C) and lighting levels (200, 500, and 1500 lux). Findings demonstrated that increase in heat and lighting level caused a decrease in average attention percentage and correct responses and increase in commission error, omission error, and response time (P < 0.05). The average of simple, diagnostic, two-color selective, and two-sound selective reaction times increased after combined exposure to heat and lighting (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicated that, in job task which requires using cognitive functions like attention, vigilance, concentration, cautiousness, and reaction time, the work environment must be optimized in terms of heat and lighting level.
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Pachito DV, Eckeli AL, Desouky AS, Corbett MA, Partonen T, Rajaratnam SMW, Riera R. Workplace lighting for improving alertness and mood in daytime workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 3:CD012243. [PMID: 29498416 PMCID: PMC6494162 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012243.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to light plays a crucial role in biological processes, influencing mood and alertness. Daytime workers may be exposed to insufficient or inappropriate light during daytime, leading to mood disturbances and decreases in levels of alertness. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of lighting interventions to improve alertness and mood in daytime workers. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, seven other databases; ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization trials portal up to January 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and non-randomised controlled before-after trials (CBAs) that employed a cross-over or parallel-group design, focusing on any type of lighting interventions applied for daytime workers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened references in two stages, extracted outcome data and assessed risk of bias. We used standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to pool data from different questionnaires and scales assessing the same outcome across different studies. We combined clinically homogeneous studies in a meta-analysis. We used the GRADE system to rate quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS The search yielded 2844 references. After screening titles and abstracts, we considered 34 full text articles for inclusion. We scrutinised reports against the eligibility criteria, resulting in the inclusion of five studies (three RCTs and two CBAs) with 282 participants altogether. These studies evaluated four types of comparisons: cool-white light, technically known as high correlated colour temperature (CCT) light versus standard illumination; different proportions of indirect and direct light; individually applied blue-enriched light versus no treatment; and individually applied morning bright light versus afternoon bright light for subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder.We found no studies comparing one level of illuminance versus another.We found two CBA studies (163 participants) comparing high CCT light with standard illumination. By pooling their results via meta-analysis we found that high CCT light may improve alertness (SMD -0.69, 95% CI -1.28 to -0.10; Columbia Jet Lag Scale and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) when compared to standard illumination. In one of the two CBA studies with 94 participants there was no difference in positive mood (mean difference (MD) 2.08, 95% CI -0.1 to 4.26) or negative mood (MD -0.45, 95% CI -1.84 to 0.94) assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scale. High CCT light may have fewer adverse events than standard lighting (one CBA; 94 participants). Both studies were sponsored by the industry. We graded the quality of evidence as very low.We found no studies comparing light of a particular illuminance and light spectrum or CCT versus another combination of illuminance and light spectrum or CCT.We found no studies comparing daylight versus artificial light.We found one RCT (64 participants) comparing the effects of different proportions of direct and indirect light: 100% direct lighting, 70% direct lighting plus 30% indirect lighting, 30% direct lighting plus 70% indirect lighting and 100% indirect lighting. There was no substantial difference in mood, as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, or in adverse events, such as ocular, reading or concentration problems, in the short or medium term. We graded the quality of evidence as low.We found two RCTs comparing individually administered light versus no treatment. According to one RCT with 25 participants, blue-enriched light individually applied for 30 minutes a day may enhance alertness (MD -3.30, 95% CI -6.28 to -0.32; Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and may improve mood (MD -4.8, 95% CI -9.46 to -0.14; Beck Depression Inventory). We graded the quality of evidence as very low. One RCT with 30 participants compared individually applied morning bright light versus afternoon bright light for subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder. There was no substantial difference in alertness levels (MD 7.00, 95% CI -10.18 to 24.18), seasonal affective disorder symptoms (RR 1.60, 95% CI 0.81, 3.20; number of participants presenting with a decrease of at least 50% in SIGH-SAD scores) or frequency of adverse events (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.07). Among all participants, 57% had a reduction of at least 50% in their SIGH-SAD score. We graded the quality of evidence as low.Publication bias could not be assessed for any of these comparisons. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is very low-quality evidence based on two CBA studies that high CCT light may improve alertness, but not mood, in daytime workers. There is very low-quality evidence based on one CBA study that high CCT light may also cause less irritability, eye discomfort and headache than standard illumination. There is low-quality evidence based on one RCT that different proportions of direct and indirect light in the workplace do not affect alertness or mood. There is very low-quality evidence based on one RCT that individually applied blue-enriched light improves both alertness and mood. There is low-quality evidence based on one RCT that individually administered bright light during the afternoon is as effective as morning exposure for improving alertness and mood in subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Pachito
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeCochrane BrazilRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSPBrazil04038‐000
| | - Alan L Eckeli
- São Paulo UniversityNeuroscience and Behavioural SciencesCampus UniversitarioRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil14.048‐900
| | | | - Mark A Corbett
- Corbett & Associates PtyLtdPO Box 477WalkervilleSouth AustraliaAustralia5081
| | - Timo Partonen
- National Institute for Health and WelfareDepartment of HealthMannerheimintie 166HelsinkiFinlandFI‐00300
| | - Shantha MW Rajaratnam
- Monash UniversitySchool of Psychological Sciences18 Innovation Walk (Building 17)Monash University Clayton CampusClaytonVictoriaAustralia3800
| | - Rachel Riera
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeCochrane BrazilRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSPBrazil04038‐000
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Seasonal Variation in Bright Daylight Exposure, Mood and Behavior among a Group of Office Workers in Sweden. J Circadian Rhythms 2018; 16:2. [PMID: 30210562 PMCID: PMC5853818 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate seasonal variation in mood and behavior among a group of office workers in Sweden (56°N). Thirty subjects participated in this longitudinal study. The subjects kept a weekly log that included questionnaires for ratings of psychological wellbeing and daily sleep-activity diaries where they also noted time spent outdoors. The lighting conditions in the offices were subjectively evaluated during one day, five times over the year. There was a seasonal variation in positive affect and in sleep-activity behavior. Across the year, there was a large variation in the total time spent outdoors in daylight. The subjects reported seasonal variation concerning the pleasantness, variation and strength of the light in the offices and regarding the visibility in the rooms. Finally, the subjects spent most of their time indoors, relying on artificial lighting, which demonstrates the importance of the lighting quality in indoor environments.
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Andersen LL, Persson R, Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E. Psychosocial effects of workplace physical exercise among workers with chronic pain: Randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5709. [PMID: 28072707 PMCID: PMC5228667 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While workplace physical exercise can help manage musculoskeletal disorders, less is known about psychosocial effects of such interventions. This aim of this study was to investigate the effect of workplace physical exercise on psychosocial factors among workers with chronic musculoskeletal pain.The trial design was a 2-armed parallel-group randomized controlled trial with allocation concealment. A total of 66 slaughterhouse workers (51 men and 15 women, mean age 45 years [standard deviation (SD) 10]) with upper limb chronic musculoskeletal pain were randomly allocated to group-based strength training (physical exercise group) or individual ergonomic training and education (reference group) for 10 weeks. Social climate was assessed with the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work, and vitality and mental health were assessed with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. All scales were converted to 0 to 100 (higher scores are better). Between-group differences from baseline to follow-up were determined using linear mixed models adjusted for workplace, age, gender, and baseline values of the outcome.Mean baseline scores of social climate, mental health, and vitality were 52.2 (SD 14.9), 79.5 (SD 13.7), and 53.9 (SD 19.7), respectively. Complete baseline and follow-up data were obtained from 30 and 31 from the physical exercise and reference groups, respectively. The between-group differences from baseline to follow-up between physical exercise and reference were 7.6 (95% CI 0.3 to 14.9), -2.3 (95% CI -10.3 to 5.8), and 10.1 (95% CI 0.6 to 19.5) for social climate, mental health, and vitality, respectively. For social climate and vitality, this corresponded to moderate effect sizes (Cohen d = 0.51 for both) in favor of physical exercise. There were no reported adverse events.In conclusion, workplace physical exercise performed together with colleagues improves social climate and vitality among workers with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Mental health remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars L. Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Roger Persson
- Department of Psychology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus D. Jakobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Macoveanu J, Fisher PM, Madsen MK, Mc Mahon B, Knudsen GM, Siebner HR. Bright-light intervention induces a dose-dependent increase in striatal response to risk in healthy volunteers. Neuroimage 2016; 139:37-43. [PMID: 27318214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bright-light interventions have successfully been used to reduce depression symptoms in patients with seasonal affective disorder, a depressive disorder most frequently occurring during seasons with reduced daylight availability. Yet, little is known about how light exposure impacts human brain function, for instance on risk taking, a process affected in depressive disorders. Here we examined the modulatory effects of bright-light exposure on brain activity during a risk-taking task. Thirty-two healthy male volunteers living in the greater Copenhagen area received 3weeks of bright-light intervention during the winter season. Adopting a double-blinded dose-response design, bright-light was applied for 30minutes continuously every morning. The individual dose varied between 100 and 11.000lx. Whole-brain functional MRI was performed before and after bright-light intervention to probe how the intervention modifies risk-taking related neural activity during a two-choice gambling task. We also assessed whether inter-individual differences in the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype influenced the effects of bright-light intervention on risk processing. Bright-light intervention led to a dose-dependent increase in risk-taking in the LA/LA group relative to the non-LA/LA group. Further, bright-light intervention enhanced risk-related activity in ventral striatum and head of caudate nucleus in proportion with the individual bright-light dose. The augmentation effect of light exposure on striatal risk processing was not influenced by the 5-HTTLPR-genotype. This study provides novel evidence that in healthy non-depressive individuals bright-light intervention increases striatal processing to risk in a dose-dependent fashion. The findings provide converging evidence that risk processing is sensitive to bright-light exposure during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Macoveanu
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin K Madsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda Mc Mahon
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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An M, Colarelli SM, O'Brien K, Boyajian ME. Why We Need More Nature at Work: Effects of Natural Elements and Sunlight on Employee Mental Health and Work Attitudes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155614. [PMID: 27214041 PMCID: PMC4877070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of natural elements and direct and indirect sunlight exposure on employee mental health and work attitudes. We recruited participants via an online panel from the United States and India, and analyzed data from 444 employees. Natural elements and sunlight exposure related positively to job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and negatively to depressed mood and anxiety. Direct sunlight was a dominant predictor of anxiety; indirect sunlight was a dominant predictor of depressed mood, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Natural elements buffered the relationship between role stressors and job satisfaction, depressed mood, and anxiety. We also found that depressed mood partially mediated the relationship between natural elements and job satisfaction. We discuss scientific and policy implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyang An
- The School of Public Service and Global Citizenship, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Colarelli
- Department of Management, School of Business, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States of America
| | - Kimberly O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States of America
| | - Melanie E. Boyajian
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States of America
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Kindergarten education in Hong Kong serves children aged 32-68 months. However, there is no extant scale that measures kindergarten teachers' perceived work environment, an important influence on their well-being. AIMS To develop a new instrument, the Teachers' Perceived Work Environment (TPWE) scale, and to assess whether kindergarten teachers with higher TPWE ratings had higher scores for job satisfaction, self-esteem and mental health. METHODS A 25-item rating scale was developed and used with a sample of in-service kindergarten teachers. Their perceived work environment was represented by five factors (ergonomics, staffing, teaching space, work hours and social space). These teachers also completed three well-being inventories: the Job Satisfaction Survey, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire-12. In a second stage, a new sample of in-service kindergarten teachers was used to cross-validate the findings from the earlier assessment. RESULTS In the first sample of 141 teachers and the second of 125, social space, staffing and work hours were associated with job satisfaction, while ergonomics was a significant negative predictor of mental health complaints. CONCLUSIONS The TPWE exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity. Some factors were differentially associated with specific types of well-being. The results may inform future studies of the working conditions of kindergarten teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-ho P Wong
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Bright light therapy and the broader realm of chronotherapy remain underappreciated and underutilized, despite their empirical support. Efficacy extends beyond seasonal affective disorder and includes nonseasonal depression and sleep disorders, with emerging evidence for a role in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, delirium, and dementia. A practical overview is offered, including key aspects of underlying biology, indications for treatment, parameters of treatment, adverse effects, and transformation of our relationship to light and darkness in contemporary life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Schwartz
- From Harvard Medical School; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA (Dr. Schwartz); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Dr. Olds)
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Leichtfried V, Mair-Raggautz M, Schaeffer V, Hammerer-Lercher A, Mair G, Bartenbach C, Canazei M, Schobersberger W. Intense illumination in the morning hours improved mood and alertness but not mental performance. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2015; 46 Pt A:54-59. [PMID: 25106786 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive performance and alertness are two determinants for work efficiency, varying throughout the day and depending on bright light. We conducted a prospective crossover study evaluating the impacts of exposure to an intense, early morning illumination on sustained attention, alertness, mood, and serum melatonin levels in 33 healthy individuals. Compared with a dim illumination, the intense illumination negatively impacted performance requiring sustained attention; however, it positively impacted subjective alertness and mood and had no impact on serum melatonin levels. These results suggest that brief exposure to bright light in the morning hours can improve subjective measures of mood and alertness, but can also have detrimental effects on mental performance as a result of visual distraction. Therefore, it is important that adequate lighting should correspond to both non-visual and visual demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Leichtfried
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Department for Medical Sciences and Health Systems Management, UMIT Hall & TILAK/LKI Innsbruck, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, A-6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria.
| | - Maria Mair-Raggautz
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Department for Medical Sciences and Health Systems Management, UMIT Hall & TILAK/LKI Innsbruck, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, A-6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Viktoria Schaeffer
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Department for Medical Sciences and Health Systems Management, UMIT Hall & TILAK/LKI Innsbruck, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, A-6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Angelika Hammerer-Lercher
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Innsbruck, Tilak/LKI Innsbruck, Anichstraße 32, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Mair
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Department for Medical Sciences and Health Systems Management, UMIT Hall & TILAK/LKI Innsbruck, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, A-6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | | | - Markus Canazei
- Bartenbach LichtLabor, Rinner Straße 14, A-6071 Aldrans, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Department for Medical Sciences and Health Systems Management, UMIT Hall & TILAK/LKI Innsbruck, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, A-6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
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Benedetto S, Carbone A, Drai-Zerbib V, Pedrotti M, Baccino T. Effects of luminance and illuminance on visual fatigue and arousal during digital reading. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kwon SJ, Song KS, Kim H, Kim YS, Choi WS, Kwon SO. Low-intensity treadmill exercise and bright light upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and intracellular signaling pathway in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.891536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Hsu ZY, Moskowitz DS, Young SN. The influence of light administration on interpersonal behavior and affect in people with mild to moderate seasonality. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:92-101. [PMID: 24044973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bright light is used to treat winter depression and may also have positive effects on mood in some healthy individuals. However, there is little information on how bright light treatment influences social behavior. We performed a cross-over study in winter comparing the effects of morning bright light administration with placebo (exposure to negative ions) on mood and social behavior in 38 healthy people with mild to moderate seasonality. Each treatment was given for 21days with a washout period of 14days between treatments. An event-contingent recording assessment was used to measure mood, and social behavior along two axes, agreeable-quarrelsome and dominant-submissive, during each 21-day treatment period. During treatments, participants wore a combined light-sensor and accelerometer to test this method for adherence to light treatment self-administered at home. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Bright light improved mood but increased quarrelsome behavior and decreased submissiveness. Data from the light monitor and accelerometer suggested that 21% of the participants did not adhere to bright light treatment; when this group was analyzed separately, there was no change in quarrelsomeness or mood. However, results for individuals who followed the procedure were similar to those reported for the whole sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Y Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Defrancesco M, Niederstätter H, Parson W, Kemmler G, Hinterhuber H, Marksteiner J, Deisenhammer EA. Bright ambient light conditions reduce the effect of tryptophan depletion in healthy females. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:109-14. [PMID: 23473652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tryptophan depletion (TD) is an established method to influence the serotonergic system and mood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of TD under different ambient light conditions, measured through serotonin-associated plasma levels and a visual analog scale (VAS), on healthy females. METHODS Thirty-eight healthy female s-allele carriers of the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) were administered a TD under dim light conditions (75 lx). A sub-group of 8 participants repeated the procedure randomized in two additional light conditions (585 lx and 1530 lx respectively). Prior to, and 5h following administration of TD, various variables (serotonin-associated plasma levels, VAS) were measured. Due to not normal distributed data, non-parametric statistical tests were used. RESULTS Overall analysis showed a significant mood lowering effect of TD. Moreover, TD decreased all measured serotonin-associated plasma levels significantly. Significant differences in varying light conditions were found for the VAS and plasma tryptophan, with the greatest effect of TD in the 75 lx condition. CONCLUSION Results of our study showed an influence of even slight differences in ambient light intensity on the effect of TD concerning mood as well as on the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Defrancesco
- Department of General Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Beute F, de Kort YA. Salutogenic Effects of the Environment: Review of Health Protective Effects of Nature and Daylight. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2013; 6:67-95. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Beute
- Eindhoven University of Technology; The Netherlands
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Bragard I, Coucke PA. [Impact of the use of Luminette® on well-being at work in a radiotherapy department]. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:731-5. [PMID: 24184292 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies showed beneficial effect of light therapy on well-being at work. Our randomized cross-over study aimed at analyzing the effects of light exposition with the use of Luminette® in a hospital department without access to natural light. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study design proposed an alternation between two periods of four weeks of use of Luminette® and two periods of four weeks without Luminette®. After every period, participants completed questionnaires (sociodemographic data, seasonal and general depression, anxiety, quality of sleep, slumber and general health). RESULTS Twenty-five persons participated in the study (average age=36.5, SD=7.7). The sample showed several benefits after one month of Luminette®: diurnal slumber (P=0.046), general health perception (P=0.026), physical functioning (P=0.042), pains (P=0.023) and role limitations due to emotional problems (P=0.013). One month later, certain benefits remained without light therapy: diurnal slumber (P=0.028), pains (P=0.044) and emotional problems (P=0.042). CONCLUSION This study has showed that the use of Luminette® could lead to similar positive results to those obtained with light therapy in other studies. This study has confirmed that Luminette® could have a positive effect on well-being at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bragard
- Service de radiothérapie, CHU de Liège, domaine du Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgique; Unité de psychologie de la santé, université de Liège, bâtiment B33, boulevard du Rectorat, 3, 4000 Liège, Belgique.
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Bernhofer EI, Higgins PA, Daly BJ, Burant CJ, Hornick TR. Hospital lighting and its association with sleep, mood and pain in medical inpatients. J Adv Nurs 2013; 70:1164-73. [PMID: 24164506 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe light exposure, sleep-wake patterns, mood, pain and their relationships in adult medical inpatients. BACKGROUND The hospital environment may contribute to patient discomfort by providing a lighting structure that interferes with circadian rhythmicity, sleep, mood and pain. DESIGN A descriptive correlational design was used in this preliminary study. METHODS Between May 2011-April 2012, data were collected from a convenience sample of 23 women and 17 men admitted to a large academically affiliated hospital in the United States. Over 72 hours, light exposure and sleep-wake patterns were continuously measured with wrist actigraph/light meters for each participant. Mood was measured daily using the Profile Of Mood States Brief™ Form. Subjective pain scores were abstracted from medical records. RESULTS Light exposure levels were low: mean daytime light intensity was 104·80 lux. Sleep time was fragmented and low: mean 236·35 minutes of sleep/night. Intra-daily stability scores indicated little sleep-wake synchronization with light. Fatigue and total mood disturbance scores were high and inversely associated with light. Pain levels were also high and positively associated with fatigue, but not directly with light exposure. Low light exposure significantly predicted fatigue and total mood disturbance. CONCLUSION Medical inpatients were exposed to light levels insufficient for circadian entrainment. Nevertheless, higher light exposure was associated with less fatigue and lower total mood disturbance in participants with pain, suggesting the need for further investigation to determine if manipulating light exposure for medical inpatients would be beneficial in affecting sleep-wake disturbances, mood and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther I Bernhofer
- Office of Research and Innovation, Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Canbeyli R. Sensorimotor modulation of mood and depression: in search of an optimal mode of stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:428. [PMID: 23908624 PMCID: PMC3727046 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression involves a dysfunction in an affective fronto-limbic circuitry including the prefrontal cortices, several limbic structures including the cingulate cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus as well as the basal ganglia. A major emphasis of research on the etiology and treatment of mood disorders has been to assess the impact of centrally generated (top-down) processes impacting the affective fronto-limbic circuitry. The present review shows that peripheral (bottom-up) unipolar stimulation via the visual and the auditory modalities as well as by physical exercise modulates mood and depressive symptoms in humans and animals and activates the same central affective neurocircuitry involved in depression. It is proposed that the amygdala serves as a gateway by articulating the mood regulatory sensorimotor stimulation with the central affective circuitry by emotionally labeling and mediating the storage of such emotional events in long-term memory. Since both amelioration and aggravation of mood is shown to be possible by unipolar stimulation, the review suggests that a psychophysical assessment of mood modulation by multimodal stimulation may uncover mood ameliorative synergisms and serve as adjunctive treatment for depression. Thus, the integrative review not only emphasizes the relevance of investigating the optimal levels of mood regulatory sensorimotor stimulation, but also provides a conceptual springboard for related future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resit Canbeyli
- Psychobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Bogazici University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Gabel V, Maire M, Reichert CF, Chellappa SL, Schmidt C, Hommes V, Viola AU, Cajochen C. Effects of artificial dawn and morning blue light on daytime cognitive performance, well-being, cortisol and melatonin levels. Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:988-97. [PMID: 23841684 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.793196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Light exposure elicits numerous effects on human physiology and behavior, such as better cognitive performance and mood. Here we investigated the role of morning light exposure as a countermeasure for impaired cognitive performance and mood under sleep restriction (SR). Seventeen participants took part of a 48h laboratory protocol, during which three different light settings (separated by 2 wks) were administered each morning after two 6-h sleep restriction nights: a blue monochromatic LED (light-emitting diode) light condition (BL; 100 lux at 470 nm for 20 min) starting 2 h after scheduled wake-up time, a dawn-simulating light (DsL) starting 30 min before and ending 20 min after scheduled wake-up time (polychromatic light gradually increasing from 0 to 250 lux), and a dim light (DL) condition for 2 h beginning upon scheduled wake time (<8 lux). Cognitive tasks were performed every 2 h during scheduled wakefulness, and questionnaires were administered hourly to assess subjective sleepiness, mood, and well-being. Salivary melatonin and cortisol were collected throughout scheduled wakefulness in regular intervals, and the effects on melatonin were measured after only one light pulse. Following the first SR, analysis of the time course of cognitive performance during scheduled wakefulness indicated a decrease following DL, whereas it remained stable following BL and significantly improved after DsL. Cognitive performance levels during the second day after SR were not significantly affected by the different light conditions. However, after both SR nights, mood and well-being were significantly enhanced after exposure to morning DsL compared with DL and BL. Melatonin onset occurred earlier after morning BL exposure, than after morning DsL and DL, whereas salivary cortisol levels were higher at wake-up time after DsL compared with BL and DL. Our data indicate that exposure to an artificial morning dawn simulation light improves subjective well-being, mood, and cognitive performance, as compared with DL and BL, with minimal impact on circadian phase. Thus, DsL may provide an effective strategy for enhancing cognitive performance, well-being, and mood under mild sleep restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Gabel
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Danilenko KV, Mustafina SV, Pechenkina EA. Bright light for weight loss: results of a controlled crossover trial. Obes Facts 2013; 6:28-38. [PMID: 23429094 PMCID: PMC5644670 DOI: 10.1159/000348549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether bright light treatment can reduce body mass in overweight subjects irrespective of their seasonal (= light) dependence. METHODS A crossover, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed between November and April in Novosibirsk, Russia (55° N). The trial comprised a 3-week in-home session of morning bright light treatment using a device of light-emitting diodes and a 3-week placebo session by means of a deactivated ion generator, separated by an off-protocol period of at least 23 days. The number of placebo and light sessions was matched with respect to season. Data were obtained from 34 overweight women, aged 20-54 years, 10 were seasonal-dependent according to the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. Weekly measures included body weight, percentage body fat by bioimpedancemetry, and subjective scores (appetite, mood, energy levels). RESULTS Motivation and expectation towards weight loss were similar for the two intervention sessions. With light, compared to the placebo session, weight did not reduce significantly, but percentage fat, fat mass, and appetite were significantly lower (average fat reduction 0.35 kg). The latter two results remained significant after excluding seasonal-dependent subjects from the analysis. Irrespective of the type of intervention, seasonal-dependent subjects had greater weight and fat mass changes during treatment (decline p < 0.036) or between sessions (regain p < 0.003). Photoperiod (p = 0.0041), air temperature to a lesser extent (p = 0.012), but not sunshine (p = 0.29) was associated with the weight change (greater weight reduction if the second session was in spring). CONCLUSION Morning bright light treatment reduces body fat and appetite in overweight women and may be included in weight control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Danilenko
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Grandner MA, Kripke DF, Elliott J, Cole R. Short wavelength light administered just prior to waking: a pilot study. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013; 44:13-32. [PMID: 23275686 DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2011.632578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bright light in the blue-green range, administered in the early morning hours (prior to waking) may be particularly effective in shifting circadian rhythms and may increase gonadotropin production. Accordingly, we tested the feasibility and utility of a mask that emits bright blue/green light (compared to a similar mask that emitted a dim red light) towards the end of sleep in a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. The study included a 3-day baseline period, immediately followed by a 12-day intervention period. Subjects were 30 healthy young men with minimal-mild depression. The bright light masks were well-tolerated and demonstrated adequate safety and feasibility. Following the intervention, those who wore the bright light mask demonstrated altered sleep timing suggestive of an earlier sleep period, and excreted a slight increase in follicle-stimulating hormone. Overall, light masks may prove useful in future studies of bright light therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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The impact of chronic environmental stressors on growing pigs, Sus scrofa (Part 1): stress physiology, production and play behaviour. Animal 2012; 4:1899-909. [PMID: 22445151 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially farmed animals are frequently housed in conditions that impose a number of concurrent environmental stressors. For pigs housed indoors, elevated levels of mechanical noise, atmospheric ammonia and low light intensities are commonplace. This experiment examined the effects on growing pigs of chronic exposure to combinations of commercially relevant levels of these potential stressors. Four-week-old hybrid female pigs (n = 224) were housed under experimentally manipulated conditions of nominally either <5 or 20 ppm atmospheric concentration of ammonia (24 h), a light intensity of 40 lux or 200 lux (12 h) and mechanical noise at either ⩽60 or 80 dB(A) (24 h) for 15 weeks in a fully factorial arrangement (23) of treatments. The response of pigs to these environmental factors was assessed using a suite of physiological, production and behavioural measures. These included indicators of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation such as salivary cortisol and adrenal morphometry, as well as body weight, food conversion efficiency and general health scores. Play behaviour was recorded as it is thought to be inversely related to stress. Chronic exposure to ammonia produced the strongest effect, shown by lower concentrations of salivary cortisol and larger adrenal cortices in the pigs reared under 20 ppm ammonia, which may have been indicative of a period of HPA activation leading to a downregulation of cortisol production. The pigs in the ammoniated rooms also performed less play behaviour than pigs in non-ammoniated rooms. There was evidence for an interaction between high noise and ammonia on the health scores of pigs and for brighter light to ameliorate the effect of ammonia on salivary cortisol. However, there was no measurable impact of these potential stressors on the productivity of the pigs or any of the other physiological parameters measured. We conclude that there should be little concern in terms of performance about the physical stressors tested here, within current European Union legal limits. However, 20 ppm ammonia may have had an adverse influence on the well-being of growing pigs. In this study, all other aspects of the pigs' husbandry were optimal; therefore, it is possible that under less favourable conditions, more pronounced effects of ammonia, noise and dim light would be observed.
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Space physiology II: adaptation of the central nervous system to space flight—past, current, and future studies. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:1655-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Smolders K, de Kort Y, Cluitmans P. A higher illuminance induces alertness even during office hours: Findings on subjective measures, task performance and heart rate measures. Physiol Behav 2012; 107:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stephenson KM, Schroder CM, Bertschy G, Bourgin P. Complex interaction of circadian and non-circadian effects of light on mood: shedding new light on an old story. Sleep Med Rev 2012; 16:445-54. [PMID: 22244990 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role in vision, light exerts strong effects on behavior. Its powerful role in the modulation of mood is well established, yet remains poorly understood. Much research has focused on the effects of light on circadian rhythms and subsequent interaction with alertness and depression. The recent discovery of a third photoreceptor, melanopsin, expressed in a subset of retinal ganglion cells, allows major improvement of our understanding of how photic information is processed. Light affects behavior in two ways, either indirectly through the circadian timing system, or directly through mechanisms that are independent of the circadian system. These latter effects have barely been studied in regard to mood, but recent investigations on the direct effects of light on sleep and alertness suggest additional pathways through which light could influence mood. Based on our recent findings, we suggest that light, via melanopsin, may exert its antidepressant effect through a modulation of the homeostatic process of sleep. Further research is needed to understand how these mechanisms interplay and how they contribute to the photic regulation of mood. Such research could improve therapeutic management of affective disorders and influence the management of societal lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Stephenson
- Department of Biological Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS-UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
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