1
|
Ali E, Embaby A, Arafa SM, Elbana AK, Ghazala M, Ibrahim D. Electroconvulsive therapy improves hematological inflammatory markers in bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:351-357. [PMID: 37999745 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction and inflammation participate in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Abnormal levels of inflammatory markers, namely, red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet distribution width (PDW), were detected in BD. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for various mental disorders including BD was linked to changes in these inflammatory mediators. Hence, we aimed to assess the impact of ECT on PDW and RDW in patients with BD. METHODS Seventy-two patients aged ≥ 16 were enrolled in the current prospective cohort study over 6 months, diagnosed as BD based on DSM-IV and indicated for ECT and complete blood count (CBC) drawn pre-ECT and after four ECT sessions. RESULTS By the end of the ECT sessions, we noticed a significant elevation in PDW with lowering in RDW levels. However, no significant differences were detected before and after ECT regarding platelet (PLTs) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and Plateletcrit (PCT). CONCLUSION ECT seems to improve the CBC-derived inflammatory markers (RDW and PDW) subsequently, improving the underlying inflammatory process in BD without disturbing PLT homeostasis which support its anti-inflammatory role in BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ali
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Embaby
- Clinical Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharika, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shaymaa M Arafa
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University for Girls, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamal Elbana
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University for Men, Cairo, Egypt
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ghazala
- Clinical Sciences Department, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University for Girls, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Puangsri P, Jinanarong V, Ninla-Aesong P. Impact of antidepressant treatment on complete blood count parameters and inflammatory ratios in adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 157:26-35. [PMID: 36436425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are novel biomarkers of systemic inflammation in depression. This study aims to examines the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment on complete blood count (CBC) parameters and inflammatory ratios in major depressive disorder (MDD). CBC parameters and inflammatory ratios were examined in a total of 45 drug-naive adolescents with MDD and were compared before and after SSRI treatment for 12 weeks and between responders and nonresponders. Following SSRI treatment in MDD, the red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, and red cell distribution width (RDW) significantly increased. Hemoglobin tended to increase. The MCV, MCH, and MCHC values decreased significantly. White blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, monocyte count, and monocyte and basophil percentages decreased significantly. The percentage of lymphocytes significantly increased. The MLR decreased, whereas the NLR tended to decrease. Platelet count and PLR did not change significantly. A higher platelet count at baseline has been associated with non-response to SSRI treatment in patients with MDD. SSRI treatment increased RBC count, hematocrit, RDW, and lymphocyte percentage, and reduced MLR, and neutrophil and monocyte percentages in responders MDD. We suggest higher platelet counts at baseline as a potential predictor of nonresponders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavarud Puangsri
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
| | - Vinn Jinanarong
- Prachuap Khiri Khan Hospital, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand.
| | - Putrada Ninla-Aesong
- Department of Preclinical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Massardo T, Quintana JC, Risco L, Corral S, Spuler J, Vicentini D, Castro-Muñoz G, Riedel B, Villa C, Pereira JI. Effect of Low-Dose Statins in Addition to Standard Therapy on Brain Perfusion and Neurocognitive Performance in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 81:271-285. [PMID: 35093946 DOI: 10.1159/000521104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition which has a well-known association with ischemic cardiomyopathy, probably explained by an inflammatory mediator mechanism. Statins, besides reducing cholesterol production, have pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory activity. The goal was to evaluate the effect of statins as an addition to standard therapy on mood status, brain perfusion, and neurocognitive performance in MDD. METHODS We studied 20 MDD patients with brain single-photon emission tomography and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), half randomized to 10 mg of Rosuvastatin or placebo, in addition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) therapy and being reevaluated 3 months later. The images were compared using Statistical Parametric Mapping; clinical scores (Hamilton Depression Score with 17 items and Beck's Depression Inventory) as well as neurocognitive parameters were applied as covariances (CoV) to estimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes with both therapies. RESULTS Clinical scores decreased in both groups (p = 0.0001); Beck's presented a larger decrease with statins. We observed significantly rCBF changes expressed as significant larger clusters of voxels (p < 0.05) in the pre/subgenual anterior cingulate plus orbitofrontal cortex and a small area in the posterior cingulate gyrus in the statins group, whereas it was not observed with placebo, when using clinical scores as CoV. A similar pattern of rCBF changes was present with emotions recognition, attentional, paired associates learning, spatial planning, and working memory tasks. CONCLUSION Short-term use of low-dose statins in MDD patients under SSRIs results in important rCBF changes in key mood associated areas to improvement in neurocognitive performance. These findings, even though demonstrated in a small sample, could open a new therapeutic tool in the comprehensive management of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Massardo
- Department of Medicine, Nuclear Medicine Section Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Quintana
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Risco
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Corral
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jane Spuler
- Department of Medicine, Nuclear Medicine Section Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Vicentini
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Castro-Muñoz
- Department of Medicine, Nuclear Medicine Section Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Byron Riedel
- Department of Medicine, Nuclear Medicine Section Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Villa
- Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime I Pereira
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood platelets, due to shared biochemical and functional properties with presynaptic serotonergic neurons, constituted, over the years, an attractive peripheral biomarker of neuronal activity. Therefore, the literature strongly focused on the investigation of eventual structural and functional platelet abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly in depressive disorder. Given their impact in biological psychiatry, the goal of the present paper was to review and critically analyze studies exploring platelet activity, functionality, and morpho-structure in subjects with depressive disorder. METHODS According to the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review through the PubMed database up to March 2020 with the search terms: (1) platelets in depression [Title/Abstract]"; (2) "(platelets[Title]) AND depressive disorder[Title/Abstract]"; (3) "(Platelet[Title]) AND major depressive disorder[Title]"; (4) (platelets[Title]) AND depressed[Title]"; (5) (platelets[Title]) AND depressive episode[Title]"; (6) (platelets[Title]) AND major depression[Title]"; (7) platelet activation in depression[All fields]"; and (8) platelet reactivity in depression[All fields]." RESULTS After a detailed screening analysis and the application of specific selection criteria, we included in our review a total of 106 for qualitative synthesis. The studies were classified into various subparagraphs according to platelet characteristics analyzed: serotonergic system (5-HT2A receptors, SERT activity, and 5-HT content), adrenergic system, MAO activity, biomarkers of activation, responsivity, morphological changes, and other molecular pathways. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large amount of the literature examined, nonunivocal and, occasionally, conflicting results emerged. However, the findings on structural and metabolic alterations, modifications in the expression of specific proteins, changes in the aggregability, or in the responsivity to different pro-activating stimuli, may be suggestive of potential platelet dysfunctions in depressed subjects, which would result in a kind of hyperreactive state. This condition could potentially lead to an increased cardiovascular risk. In line with this hypothesis, we speculated that antidepressant treatments would seem to reduce this hyperreactivity while representing a potential tool for reducing cardiovascular risk in depressed patients and, maybe, in other neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the problem of the specificity of platelet biomarkers is still at issue and would deserve to be deepened in future studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Strumila R, Nobile B, Korsakova L, Lengvenyte A, Olie E, Lopez-Castroman J, Guillaume S, Courtet P. Psilocybin, a Naturally Occurring Indoleamine Compound, Could Be Useful to Prevent Suicidal Behaviors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121213. [PMID: 34959614 PMCID: PMC8704767 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The available interventions for people who are at risk of suicide have limited efficacy. Recently, research on new mental health treatments has started to consider psychedelic compounds, particularly psilocybin, a molecule with a few thousand years of history of use in human societies. The possible effects of psilocybin on suicidal ideation and behaviors have not been specifically studied yet; however, the current knowledge on the suicidal process and the available data on es/ketamine suggest that psylocibin could be used to modulate the thoughts and behavioral patterns in individuals who are at risk of suicidal behaviors. Here, we summarize the available evidence on the possible mechanisms underlying psilocybin positive effects on suicide risk. Major pathways related to suicidal behaviors that might be modulated by psylocibin include serotonin receptors. Specifically, psylocibin directly stimulates the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A), targeting the inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways and leading to a rapid increase in brain plasticity and inflammation suppression and increases in cognitive flexibility, spirituality, and empathy. We also present preliminary epidemiological data and provide a rationale for studying psilocybin in individuals with suicidal ideation or who are at risk of suicidal behaviors. This review presents a framework to understand the basis for psilocybin use in individuals who are at risk of suicidal behaviors and calls for clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Strumila
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Bénédicte Nobile
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Laura Korsakova
- Laboratory of Preclinical Drug Investigation, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Aiste Lengvenyte
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Emilie Olie
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, 44307 Nimes, France
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shin D, Rhee SJ, Lee J, Yeo I, Do M, Joo EJ, Jung HY, Roh S, Lee SH, Kim H, Bang M, Lee KY, Kwon JS, Ha K, Ahn YM, Kim Y. Quantitative Proteomic Approach for Discriminating Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder by Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3188-3203. [PMID: 33960196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) manifest with similar symptoms, misdiagnosis is a persistent issue, necessitating their differentiation through objective methods. This study was aimed to differentiate between these disorders using a targeted proteomic approach. Multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) analysis was performed to quantify protein targets regarding the two disorders in plasma samples of 270 individuals (90 MDD, 90 BD, and 90 healthy controls (HCs)). In the training set (72 MDD and 72 BD), a generalizable model comprising nine proteins was developed. The model was evaluated in the test set (18 MDD and 18 BD). The model demonstrated a good performance (area under the curve (AUC) >0.8) in discriminating MDD from BD in the training (AUC = 0.84) and test sets (AUC = 0.81) and in distinguishing MDD from BD without current hypomanic/manic/mixed symptoms (90 MDD and 75 BD) (AUC = 0.83). Subsequently, the model demonstrated excellent performance for drug-free MDD versus BD (11 MDD and 10 BD) (AUC = 0.96) and good performance for MDD versus HC (AUC = 0.87) and BD versus HC (AUC = 0.86). Furthermore, the nine proteins were associated with neuro, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and immunity/inflammation-related biological functions. This proof-of-concept study introduces a potential model for distinguishing between the two disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Jin Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehakro, Seoul 30380, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehakro, Seoul 30380, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehakro, Seoul 30380, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehakro, Seoul 30380, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sama J, Vaidya D, Mukherjee M, Williams M. Effects of clinical depression on left ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 51:693-700. [PMID: 32876809 PMCID: PMC11140724 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with heart failure independent of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Enhanced platelet activation has been suggested as a potential mechanism and has been associated with negative inotropic effects that can affect left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We examined 131 consecutive acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients to assess whether depression increased the risk for developing LV dysfunction, and to determine the effects of platelet serotonin signaling in this relationship. Major depression was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview and depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), with BDI ≥ 10 defined as abnormal. LV dysfunction was defined as LVEF ≤ 45%. Platelet serotonin response was measured by serotonin augmented platelet aggregation and platelet serotonin receptor density. Mean age of ACS participants was 59 years, 78.6% male and 74.0% Caucasian. 34.4% of patients had a reduced LVEF ≤ 45% on presentation. Almost half (47.0%) of patients had BDI ≥ 10 and 18.0% had major depressive disorder. Platelet serotonin response was found to be augmented in depressed patients with low LVEF compared to depressed patients with normal LVEF (p < 0.020). However, the presence of LV dysfunction was found to be similar in both depressed (32.3%) and non-depressed (36.2%) patients (p = 0.714). This suggests alternative factors contribute to poor cardiovascular outcomes in depressed patients that are independent of LV function in post ACS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sama
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Monica Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marlene Williams
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nobis A, Zalewski D, Waszkiewicz N. Peripheral Markers of Depression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3793. [PMID: 33255237 PMCID: PMC7760788 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological underpinnings of depression, which are reflected by altered levels of biological markers. Among others, enhanced inflammation has been reported in MDD, as reflected by increased concentrations of inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Oxidative and nitrosative stress also plays a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Notably, increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers are characteristic of MDD. Dysregulation of the stress axis, along with increased cortisol levels, have also been reported in MDD. Alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD. Finally, kynurenine metabolites, increased glutamate and decreased total cholesterol also hold promise as reliable biomarkers for MDD. Research in the field of MDD biomarkers is hindered by insufficient understanding of MDD etiopathogenesis, substantial heterogeneity of the disorder, common co-morbidities and low specificity of biomarkers. The construction of biomarker panels and their evaluation with use of new technologies may have the potential to overcome the above mentioned obstacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Nobis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (D.Z.); (N.W.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trajanovska AS, Kostov J, Perevska Z. Depression in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Mater Sociomed 2019; 31:110-114. [PMID: 31452635 PMCID: PMC6690317 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2019.31.110-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There was growing evidence of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with depressive disorders. AIM To determinate the percentage of depression of the three investigated groups of patients with myocardial infarction and to determinate the correlation between sociodemographic characteristic and level of depression in survivors of AMI. METHODS The study was designed as observation cross-section including 120 patients treated at the University Clinic of Cardiology Skopje during 2018-2019 year, observed as 3 groups: group 1 was presented with patients during hospitalization for AMI, group 2 were patients survivors after 3 months of the acute coronary event and group 3 patients survivors after 12 months of the acute coronary event, Depression status was assessed using BDI. RESULTS the three groups presented almost equal representation of depression according BDI (X²=1,182, df=2, p=0,913) presented with 34,1 %, 30,8% and 30% respectively. The three groups of patients did not show significant difference according distribution of gender smoking , physical activity, stress, diabetes mellitus, age, mean BDI, BMI, Systolic BP, age of education and marital status . Only group 3 presented significantly higher diastole BP comparing in group 1 and group 2 (F=9,532, df=2,p< 0,001). The depression (BDI score) in examination groups was associated with sociodemographic and clinical parameters where female gender, higher education level, decreased BMI, smoking, decreased physical activity, younger age and single status are independent predictors of depression in patients who survived acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION The results obtained in our study showed indicative representation of depression in patients survivors of AMI and significant association with sociodemographic and clinical parameters as predictors of depressive disorder. Regular screening for depression in patients survivors of AMI may improve the therapy decision, prognosis and the quality of patients' life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorgo Kostov
- University Clinic of Cardiology, Medical faculty Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Zanina Perevska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical faculty Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Williams MS, Ziegelstein RC, McCann UD, Gould NF, Ashvetiya T, Vaidya D. Platelet Serotonin Signaling in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Comorbid Depression. Psychosom Med 2019; 81:352-362. [PMID: 30855555 PMCID: PMC6499626 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression in patients with cardiovascular disease is associated with increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Investigators have searched for potential biobehavioral explanations for this increased risk. Platelet activation and response to serotonin is an attractive potential mechanism. The aim of the study was to examine platelet serotonin signaling in a group of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and comorbid depression to define the relationship between platelet serotonin signaling and cardiovascular complications. METHODS A total of 300 patients with CAD were enrolled (145 with acute coronary syndrome and 155 with stable CAD). Depression was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV as well as Beck Depression Inventory II in a dichotomous and continuous manner. Platelet serotonin response was measured by serotonin augmented aggregation, direct platelet serotonin activation, platelet serotonin receptor density, and platelet serotonin uptake. Cardiovascular outcomes were assessed at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS One third of enrolled participants had at least minimal depressive symptoms and 13.6% had major depressive disorder. Depressed cardiovascular patients had significantly higher incidence of major (odds ratio = 3.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.49-7.91, p = .004) and minor (odds ratio = 2.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.41-4.13, p = .001) adverse cardiac events. Platelet serotonin response was not significantly different in patients with depression. Participants with major depressive disorder had higher serotonin receptor density (997.5 ± 840.8 vs 619.3 ± 744.3 fmol/ug, p = .009) primarily found in ACS patients. Depressed patients with minor adverse cardiac events had increased platelet response to serotonin. CONCLUSIONS Depressed cardiovascular patients had higher serotonin receptor density and significantly higher incidence of major and minor cardiac adverse events. Future studies with larger sample sizes including patients with more severe depression are needed to expand on the present hypothesis-generating findings.
Collapse
|
11
|
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), Psychedelic Experiences and Dissociation: Clinical and Clinical Pharmacological Issues. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
12
|
Hudon Thibeault AA, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Serotonin-estrogen interactions: What can we learn from pregnancy? Biochimie 2019; 161:88-108. [PMID: 30946949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the scientific literature related to four diseases in which to serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the etiology, herein named 5-HT-linked diseases, and whose prevalence is influenced by estrogenic status: depression, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and eating disorders. These diseases all have in common a sex-dimorphic prevalence, with women more frequently affected than men. The co-occurrence between these 5-HT-linked diseases suggests that they have common physiopathological mechanisms. In most 5-HT-linked diseases (except for anorexia nervosa and irritable bowel syndrome), a decrease in the serotonergic tone is observed and estrogens are thought to contribute to the improvement of symptoms by stimulating the serotonergic system. Human pregnancy is characterized by a unique 5-HT and estrogen synthesis by the placenta. Pregnancy-specific disorders, such as hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia, are associated with a hyperserotonergic state and decreased estrogen levels. Fetal programming of 5-HT-linked diseases is a complex phenomenon that involves notably fetal-sex differences, which suggest the implication of sex steroids. From a mechanistic point of view, we hypothesize that estrogens regulate the serotonergic system, resulting in a protective effect against 5-HT-linked diseases, but that, in turn, 5-HT affects estrogen synthesis in an attempt to retrieve homeostasis. These two processes (5-HT and estrogen biosynthesis) are crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes, and thus, a disruption of this 5-HT-estrogen relationship may explain pregnancy-specific pathologies or pregnancy complications associated with 5-HT-linked diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanner AM, Ribot R, Mazarati A. Bidirectional relations among common psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities and epilepsy: Do they have an impact on the course of the seizure disorder? Epilepsia Open 2018; 3:210-219. [PMID: 30564780 PMCID: PMC6293067 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of epilepsy is not limited to the achievement of a seizure‐free state. It must also incorporate the management of common psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities, affecting on average between 30 and 50% of patients with epilepsy, which have a significant impact on their lives at various levels, including quality of life and the prognosis of the seizure disorder. Mood and anxiety disorders are the most frequent psychiatric comorbidities, whereas stroke and migraine are among the more common neurologic comorbidities, migraine among the younger patients and stroke among the older patients. Not only do these psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities each have a bidirectional relation with epilepsy, but primary mood disorders have a bidirectional relation with these 2 neurologic disorders. Furthermore, depression and migraine have been each associated with a more severe epilepsy course, whereas depression has been associated with a more severe course of stroke and migraines. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical implications of the complex relations among epilepsy and these 3 comorbid disorders, and to identify any clinical and/or experimental evidence that may suggest that having more than one of these comorbid disorders may increase the risk of and course of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres M Kanner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and Epilepsy Division Department of Neurology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Ramses Ribot
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and Epilepsy Division Department of Neurology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Andrey Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute D. Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gundogmus İ, Algul A, Karagöz A, Kıyançiçek M. PDW and RDW are new parameters for bipolar episodes and unipolar depression. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1468616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Gundogmus
- Department of Psychiatry, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Algul
- Department of Psychiatry, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Karagöz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kıyançiçek
- Department of Psychiatry, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Na KS, Jung HY, Cho SJ, Cho SE. Can we recommend mirtazapine and bupropion for patients at risk for bleeding?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:221-226. [PMID: 28841484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Mirtazapine and bupropion, which commonly lack serotonin reuptake inhibition, have been recommended as alternatives for patients who are at risk for bleeding. However, the evidence for these recommendations is insufficient. METHODS We conducted a systematic search, systematic review, and meta-analysis to investigate an evidence-based approach for the bleeding risks of mirtazapine and bupropion. From 1946 to May 2017, a total of 3981 studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Among the studies, two independent reviewers selected studies per predefined eligibility criteria. RESULTS A total of five meta-analyses were conducted. Patients taking mirtazapine were at a greater risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.01-1.38) than those who did not take antidepressants. No differences were observed in the bleeding risk between mirtazapine and SSRI or between bupropion and SSRI. LIMITATIONS The number of studies included in the meta-analysis was small. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that it is premature to recommend mirtazapine and bupropion for patients who have a bleeding risk. More studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal follow-ups are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Yong Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Eun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fabbri C, Hosak L, Mössner R, Giegling I, Mandelli L, Bellivier F, Claes S, Collier DA, Corrales A, Delisi LE, Gallo C, Gill M, Kennedy JL, Leboyer M, Lisoway A, Maier W, Marquez M, Massat I, Mors O, Muglia P, Nöthen MM, O'Donovan MC, Ospina-Duque J, Propping P, Shi Y, St Clair D, Thibaut F, Cichon S, Mendlewicz J, Rujescu D, Serretti A. Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Genetics: Genetics, epigenetics and gene expression markers of major depressive disorder and antidepressant response. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:5-28. [PMID: 27603714 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1208843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable disease with a heavy personal and socio-economic burden. Antidepressants of different classes are prescribed to treat MDD, but reliable and reproducible markers of efficacy are not available for clinical use. Further complicating treatment, the diagnosis of MDD is not guided by objective criteria, resulting in the risk of under- or overtreatment. A number of markers of MDD and antidepressant response have been investigated at the genetic, epigenetic, gene expression and protein levels. Polymorphisms in genes involved in antidepressant metabolism (cytochrome P450 isoenzymes), antidepressant transport (ABCB1), glucocorticoid signalling (FKBP5) and serotonin neurotransmission (SLC6A4 and HTR2A) were among those included in the first pharmacogenetic assays that have been tested for clinical applicability. The results of these investigations were encouraging when examining patient-outcome improvement. Furthermore, a nine-serum biomarker panel (including BDNF, cortisol and soluble TNF-α receptor type II) showed good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between MDD and healthy controls. These first diagnostic and response-predictive tests for MDD provided a source of optimism for future clinical applications. However, such findings should be considered very carefully because their benefit/cost ratio and clinical indications were not clearly demonstrated. Future tests may include combinations of different types of biomarkers and be specific for MDD subtypes or pathological dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Ladislav Hosak
- b Department of Psychiatrics , Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Rainald Mössner
- c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Laura Mandelli
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Frank Bellivier
- e Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France AP-HP , GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Pôle Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Stephan Claes
- f GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - David A Collier
- g Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre , Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Alejo Corrales
- h National University (UNT) Argentina, Argentinean Association of Biological Psychiatry , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Lynn E Delisi
- i VA Boston Health Care System , Brockton , MA , USA
| | - Carla Gallo
- j Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Michael Gill
- k Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - James L Kennedy
- l Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Marion Leboyer
- m Faculté de Médecine , Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle , Créteil , France
| | - Amanda Lisoway
- l Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- n Department of Psychiatry , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Miguel Marquez
- o Director of ADINEU (Asistencia, Docencia e Investigación en Neurociencia) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Isabelle Massat
- p UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, ULB , Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Ole Mors
- q Department P , Aarhus University Hospital , Risskov , Denmark
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- s Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- t MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics , Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Jorge Ospina-Duque
- u Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín , Colombia
| | | | - Yongyong Shi
- w Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - David St Clair
- x University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Florence Thibaut
- y University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), University Sorbonne Paris Cité (Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes), INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Sven Cichon
- z Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Julien Mendlewicz
- aa Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Centre Européen de Psychologie Medicale , Université Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Dan Rujescu
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, Agin-Liebes G, Malone T, Cohen B, Mennenga SE, Belser A, Kalliontzi K, Babb J, Su Z, Corby P, Schmidt BL. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1165-1180. [PMID: 27909164 PMCID: PMC5367551 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116675512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 803] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically significant anxiety and depression are common in patients with cancer, and are associated with poor psychiatric and medical outcomes. Historical and recent research suggests a role for psilocybin to treat cancer-related anxiety and depression. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 29 patients with cancer-related anxiety and depression were randomly assigned and received treatment with single-dose psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) or niacin, both in conjunction with psychotherapy. The primary outcomes were anxiety and depression assessed between groups prior to the crossover at 7 weeks. RESULTS Prior to the crossover, psilocybin produced immediate, substantial, and sustained improvements in anxiety and depression and led to decreases in cancer-related demoralization and hopelessness, improved spiritual wellbeing, and increased quality of life. At the 6.5-month follow-up, psilocybin was associated with enduring anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects (approximately 60-80% of participants continued with clinically significant reductions in depression or anxiety), sustained benefits in existential distress and quality of life, as well as improved attitudes towards death. The psilocybin-induced mystical experience mediated the therapeutic effect of psilocybin on anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS In conjunction with psychotherapy, single moderate-dose psilocybin produced rapid, robust and enduring anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects in patients with cancer-related psychological distress. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00957359.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA .,New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, USA.,NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,New York University-Health and Hospitals Corporation (NYU-HHC) Clinical and Translational Science Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Bossis
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey Guss
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Tara Malone
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Cohen
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah E Mennenga
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Belser
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krystallia Kalliontzi
- New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Babb
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Su
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Corby
- New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vevera J, Fišar Z, Nekovářová T, Vrablík M, Zlatohlávek L, Hroudová J, Singh N, Raboch J, Valeš K. Statin-induced changes in mitochondrial respiration in blood platelets in rats and human with dyslipidemia. Physiol Res 2016; 65:777-788. [PMID: 27429121 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used drugs for lowering blood lipid levels and preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, statins can have serious adverse effects, which may be related to development of mitochondrial dysfunctions. The aim of study was to demonstrate the in vivo effect of high and therapeutic doses of statins on mitochondrial respiration in blood platelets. Model approach was used in the study. Simvastatin was administered to rats at a high dose for 4 weeks. Humans were treated with therapeutic doses of rosuvastatin or atorvastatin for 6 weeks. Platelet mitochondrial respiration was measured using high-resolution respirometry. In rats, a significantly lower physiological respiratory rate was found in intact platelets of simvastatin-treated rats compared to controls. In humans, no significant changes in mitochondrial respiration were detected in intact platelets; however, decreased complex I-linked respiration was observed after statin treatment in permeabilized platelets. We propose that the small in vivo effect of statins on platelet energy metabolism can be attributed to drug effects on complex I of the electron transport system. Both intact and permeabilized platelets can be used as a readily available biological model to study changes in cellular energy metabolism in patients treated with statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vevera
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Psychedelics (serotonergic hallucinogens) are powerful psychoactive substances that alter perception and mood and affect numerous cognitive processes. They are generally considered physiologically safe and do not lead to dependence or addiction. Their origin predates written history, and they were employed by early cultures in many sociocultural and ritual contexts. After the virtually contemporaneous discovery of (5R,8R)-(+)-lysergic acid-N,N-diethylamide (LSD)-25 and the identification of serotonin in the brain, early research focused intensively on the possibility that LSD and other psychedelics had a serotonergic basis for their action. Today there is a consensus that psychedelics are agonists or partial agonists at brain serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors, with particular importance on those expressed on apical dendrites of neocortical pyramidal cells in layer V. Several useful rodent models have been developed over the years to help unravel the neurochemical correlates of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor activation in the brain, and a variety of imaging techniques have been employed to identify key brain areas that are directly affected by psychedelics. Recent and exciting developments in the field have occurred in clinical research, where several double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 studies of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in patients with cancer-related psychosocial distress have demonstrated unprecedented positive relief of anxiety and depression. Two small pilot studies of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy also have shown positive benefit in treating both alcohol and nicotine addiction. Recently, blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography have been employed for in vivo brain imaging in humans after administration of a psychedelic, and results indicate that intravenously administered psilocybin and LSD produce decreases in oscillatory power in areas of the brain's default mode network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Nichols
- Eschelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Patients with psychiatric disorders exhibit several neurobehavioral and neuropsychological alterations compared to healthy controls. However, signature endpoints of these behavioral manifestations have not yet been translated into clinical tests for diagnosis and follow-up measures. Recently, neuroproteomic approaches have been utilized to identify unique signature markers indicative of these disorders. Development of reliable biomarkers has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, classification, and monitoring of clinical responses in psychiatric diseases. However, the lack of biological gold standards, the evolving nosology of psychiatric disorders, and the complexity of the nervous system are among the major challenges that have hindered efforts to develop reliable biomarkers in the field of neuropsychiatry and drug abuse. While biomarkers currently have a limited role in the area of neuropsychiatry, several promising biomarkers have been proposed in conditions such as dementia, schizophrenia, depression, suicide, and addiction. One of the primary objectives of this review is to discuss the role of proteomics in the development of biomarkers specific to neuropsychiatry. We discuss and evaluate currently available biomarkers as well as those that are under research for clinical use in the future.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang ZJ, Wang D, Man SC, Ng R, McAlonan GM, Wong HK, Wong W, Lee J, Tan QR. Platelet 5-HT(1A) receptor correlates with major depressive disorder in drug-free patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:74-9. [PMID: 24657886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The platelet serotonergic system has potential biomarker utility for major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present study, platelet expression of 5-HT1A receptors and serotonin transporter (SERT) proteins, and serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were quantified in 53 patients with MDD and 22 unaffected controls. All were drug-free, non-smokers and had no other psychiatric and cardiovascular comorbidity. The severity of depression symptoms was evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Patients with MDD had significantly higher expression of platelet 5-HT1A receptors but significantly lower contents of platelet 5-HT, platelet-poor plasma (PPP) 5-HT and PPP 5-HIAA compared to healthy controls, and this was correlated with the severity of depression. SERT expression did not differ between the two groups. Correlation analysis confirmed a strong, inverse relationship between the 5-HT1A receptor expression and the 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels. Thus overexpression of platelet 5-HT1A receptors and reduced 5-HT tone may function as a peripheral marker of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Sui Cheung Man
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roger Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grainne M McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hei Kiu Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jade Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baumeister D, Barnes G, Giaroli G, Tracy D. Classical hallucinogens as antidepressants? A review of pharmacodynamics and putative clinical roles. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2014; 4:156-69. [PMID: 25083275 PMCID: PMC4104707 DOI: 10.1177/2045125314527985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallucinogens have been part of spiritual practice for millennia, but controversy surrounding their mind-manifesting effects led to their proscription by the mid-20th century, largely without evidence of harm or toxicity and despite nascent data suggesting therapeutic utility in treating depressive illnesses. This review explores their pharmacodynamic actions and the current limited data on their clinic effectiveness. These drugs appear to exert their psychedelic effects through their agonist or partial agonist activity at the serotonergic 5-HT2A receptor, though they also have affinity for other metabotropic serotonin receptors. Hallucinogen binding affects a wide range of intracellular signalling pathways, the precise nature of which remains incompletely understood. They alter the serotonergic tone of brainstem raphe nuclei that project through the brain; they interact with receptors in the prefrontal cortex altering connectivity patterns and intracellular functioning; and they disrupt inhibitory control of sensory input via the thalamus to the cortex. The serotonergic system has long been implicated in anxiety and depressive disorders, and is a major target of most existing antidepressants. Classical hallucinogens alter the functioning of this system, but not in the same way current medications do: whilst there are identified receptors and neurotransmitter pathways through which hallucinogens could therein produce therapeutic effects, the neurobiology of this remains speculative at this time. There is currently an extremely limited but growing literature on hallucinogen safety and clinical application. The drugs appear well tolerated by healthy controls and clinical populations, and the rapid tolerance to repeated administration might reduce the possibility of dependency. Clinical trials reported over the past decade have generally shown positive therapeutic potential, but they are notably few in number. Legislative policy has had a freezing effect on evaluation of these compounds, a better understanding of which might improve our knowledge of the processes involved in consciousness, the neuropathology of depression, and potentially open up new pharmacological therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Baumeister
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, BR6 8NY, UK and Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Georgina Barnes
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Giaroli
- Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Derek Tracy
- Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wright L, Simpson W, Van Lieshout RJ, Steiner M. Depression and cardiovascular disease in women: is there a common immunological basis? A theoretical synthesis. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 8:56-69. [DOI: 10.1177/1753944714521671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have established an inherent comorbidity between depression and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, this comorbidity seems to be more amplified in women than in men. To further investigate this comorbidity, a thorough literature review was conducted on studies from 1992 to date. The PubMed database was accessed using the keywords: cardiovascular disease, inflammation, depression, and sex differences. Both human and animal studies were considered. This review takes the standpoint that depression and CVD are both inflammatory disorders, and that their co-occurrence may be related to how the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, serotonergic transmission and circulation, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system via angiotensin II are affected by the excess secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. More recently, preliminary research attributes this systemic inflammation to a global deficiency in CD4+CD25+FOXP3 regulatory T cells. 17-β estradiol and progesterone mediated modulation of cytokine secretion may partially explain the sex differences observed. These hormones and reproductive events associated with hormonal fluctuations are discussed in depth, including the analysis of perinatal models of depression and CVD, including preeclampsia. However, as evidenced by this review, there is a need for mechanistic research in humans to truly understand the nature and directionality of the relationship between depression and CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wright
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, McMaster University, Canada and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William Simpson
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, McMaster University, Canada and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan J. Van Lieshout
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, McMaster University, Canada and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, 301 James Street South, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8P 3B6
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin OA, Karim ZA, Vemana HP, Espinosa EVP, Khasawneh FT. The antidepressant 5-HT2A receptor antagonists pizotifen and cyproheptadine inhibit serotonin-enhanced platelet function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87026. [PMID: 24466319 PMCID: PMC3900701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in defining new agents or targets for antithrombotic purposes. The 5-HT2A receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed on many cell types, and a known therapeutic target for many disease states. This serotonin receptor is also known to regulate platelet function. Thus, in our FDA-approved drug repurposing efforts, we investigated the antiplatelet activity of cyproheptadine and pizotifen, two antidepressant 5-HT2A Receptor antagonists. Our results revealed that cyproheptadine and pizotifen reversed serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. And the inhibitory effects of these two agents were found to be similar to that of EMD 281014, a 5-HT2A Receptor antagonist under development. In separate experiments, our studies revealed that these 5-HT2A receptor antagonists have the capacity to reduce serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced elevation in intracellular calcium levels and tyrosine phosphorylation. Using flow cytometry, we also observed that cyproheptadine, pizotifen, and EMD 281014 inhibited serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, P-selectin expression, and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa activation. Furthermore, using a carotid artery thrombosis model, these agents prolonged the time for thrombotic occlusion in mice in vivo. Finally, the tail-bleeding time was investigated to assess the effect of cyproheptadine and pizotifen on hemostasis. Our findings indicated prolonged bleeding time in both cyproheptadine- and pizotifen-treated mice. Notably, the increases in occlusion and bleeding times associated with these two agents were comparable to that of EMD 281014, and to clopidogrel, a commonly used antiplatelet drug, again, in a fashion comparable to clopidogrel and EMD 281014. Collectively, our data indicate that the antidepressant 5-HT2A antagonists, cyproheptadine and pizotifen do exert antiplatelet and thromboprotective effects, but similar to clopidogrel and EMD 281014, their use may interfere with normal hemostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Zubair A. Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Hari Priya Vemana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Enma V. P. Espinosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Fadi T. Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease is exceedingly high worldwide. Depressive illness afflicts a significant portion of the population worldwide. Epidemiological studies have confirmed the high co-morbidity between these two entities and the co-morbidity is bidirectional. Systems that contribute to this co-morbidity include the central and autonomic nervous systems, the neuroendocrine, immune, vascular and hematologic systems. Specific pathophysiologic factors include imbalance between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems, sympathoadrenal activation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, immune system dysregulation with release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, platelet activation and hypercoaguability. Inflammation occurs in cardiac and cardiovascular pathology independent of the presence or absence of depression and in depression. Inflammation is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction which is a preamble to atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. A likely common instigator underlying this co-morbidity is mental stress leading to sustained sympathetic overdrive and diminished vagal tone. Diminished vagal tone contributes to a pro-inflammatory status which affects neurotransmitter regulation, specifically serotonergic transmission. Stress hormones and certain pro-inflammatory substances released by macrophages and microglia upregulate the rate-limiting enzymes in the metabolic pathway of tryptophan. This results in a shunt in tryprophan metabolism away from serotonin formation and down the kynurenine pathway with resulting formation of neurotoxic metabolites.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sigurdh J, Allard P, Spigset O, Hägglöf B. Platelet serotonin transporter and 5-HT2Areceptor binding in adolescents with eating disorders. Int J Neurosci 2013; 123:333-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2012.761215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
27
|
Koudouovoh-Tripp P, Sperner-Unterweger B. Influence of mental stress on platelet bioactivity. World J Psychiatry 2012; 2:134-47. [PMID: 24175179 PMCID: PMC3782187 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v2.i6.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that various mental stress conditions contribute, or at least influence, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in somatic, as well as in psychiatric disorders; blood platelets are supposed to represent a possible link in this respect. The anculeated platelets are the smallest corpuscular elements circulating in the human blood. They display different serotonergic markers which seem to reflect the central nervous serotonin metabolism. They are known as main effectors in haematological processes but recent research highlights their role in the innate and adaptive immune system. Platelets are containing a multitude of pro-inflammatory and immune-modulatory bioactive compounds in their granules and are expressing immune-competent surface markers. Research gives hint that platelets activation and reactivity is increased by mental stress. This leads to enhanced cross talk with the immune system via paracrine secretion, receptor interaction and formation of platelet leucocyte-aggregates. Recently it has been demonstrated that the immune system can have a remarkable impact in the development of psychiatric disorders. Therefore platelets represent an interesting research area in psychiatry and their role as a possible biomarker has been investigated. We review the influence of mental stress on what is termed platelet bioactivity in this article, which subsumes the mainly immune-modulatory activity of platelets in healthy volunteers, elderly persons with chronic care-giving strain, patients with cardiovascular diseases who are prone to psychosocial stress, as well as in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Research data suggest that stress enhances platelet activity, reactivity and immune-modulatory capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Koudouovoh-Tripp
- Pia Koudouovoh-Tripp, Clinic for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Shi M, Qi WJ, Gao G, Wang JY, Luo F. Increased thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds in rats with depressive-like behaviors. Brain Res 2010; 1353:225-33. [PMID: 20637742 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest that depressed patients were less sensitive to experimental pain than healthy subjects. However, few animal studies are reported concerning the association of depression and pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) induced depression on the perceived intensity of painful stimulation in rats. We measured the thermal and mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) of normal and spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats using hot plate test and von Frey test, respectively. The results showed that rats exposed to UCMS exhibited significantly higher thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in comparison to the non-depressed controls. In particular, the PWT of the SNL group was restored to nearly normal level after three weeks of UCMS, and even comparable to that of the control group. These results strongly suggest that the depressed subjects have decreased sensitivity to externally applied noxious stimulation, which is consistent with our previous findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Slater S, Villalba MM, Davis J. Key neurochemical markers for the prevention of suicide. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Muck-Seler D, Presecki P, Mimica N, Mustapic M, Pivac N, Babic A, Nedic G, Folnegovic-Smalc V. Platelet serotonin concentration and monoamine oxidase type B activity in female patients in early, middle and late phase of Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:1226-31. [PMID: 19602426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with unclear aetiology. Cognitive impairment in AD might be associated with altered serotonergic system. The aim of the study was to determine platelet serotonin (5-HT) concentrations and platelet monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) activity in patients with different severity of AD. Platelet 5-HT concentrations and MAO-B activity were determined spectrofluorimetrically in 74 female patients with AD (NINCDS-ADRDA, DSM-IV-TR criteria), subdivided according to the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in three groups with a) 23 patients in early (MMSE scores 19-24), b) 23 patients in middle (MMSE 10-18), and c) 28 patients in late (MMSE 0-9) phase of AD, and in 49 age-matched healthy women. Platelet 5-HT concentrations and MAO-B activity were similar between all patients with AD and healthy subjects, but were significantly lower in patients in the late phase of AD than in other phases of AD, and in healthy controls. The significant correlations were found between MMSE scores and platelet 5-HT concentrations, MAO-B activity and age. Lower platelet 5-HT concentration and MAO-B activity in the late phase of AD suggested that these markers might indicate severity and/or clinical progress of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorotea Muck-Seler
- Division of Molecular Medicine,Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Depression accelerates the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and confers an increased risk of mortality. Platelets share biochemical similarity with the central nervous system, particularly in the uptake, storage, and metabolism of serotonin. Given this similarity, and considering the central role of platelets in the biology of cardiovascular disease, it is highly plausible that platelets play an important role in the increased cardiovascular risk of patients with depression. This article provides a comprehensive review of the evidence in this area and shows that the relationship between depression and platelet function is hardly straightforward. Whereas many studies have found that patients with depression have exaggerated platelet activation, quite a number of others show no such relationship or even lower levels of platelet activation in patients with depression. Larger, carefully designed, adequately powered studies with standardized methods of assessing platelet function are needed to address this issue.
Collapse
|
33
|
Platelet serotonin concentration and suicidal behavior in combat related posttraumatic stress disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:544-51. [PMID: 18055084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and global problem, a psychiatric disorder that frequently occurs with different comorbidities, and is associated with a high suicide rate. Pathophysiologically, both PTSD and suicidal behavior are related to disturbances in the central serotonergic system. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) controls emotional behavior, anxiety, impulsivity and aggression, and nearly all known antidepressants and antianxiety drugs affect 5-HT transmission. Platelet 5-HT can be used as a limited peripheral marker of the central serotonergic synaptosomes, since it is related to particular basic psychopathological characteristics of several psychiatric disorders. Platelet 5-HT concentration has been reported to be similar in PTSD subjects and healthy controls, but suicidal patients across different psychiatric diagnoses have reduced platelet 5-HT concentration. This study examined platelet 5-HT concentration by the spectrofluorimetric method in male subjects: 73 suicidal and 47 non-suicidal veterans with current and chronic combat related PTSD, 45 suicidal and 30 non-suicidal comparative non-PTSD subjects and 147 healthy men. The presence of suicidal behavior (score=0, non-suicidal; scores > or =1, suicidal) was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS). Platelet 5-HT concentration was significantly lower in suicidal PTSD and non-PTSD patients compared to non-suicidal patients or healthy controls. Since the majority of patients scored very low on item 3 of HDRS, no significant correlation between suicidal scores and platelet 5-HT concentration was found. These results show that reduced platelet 5-HT concentration is related to suicidal behavior in PTSD, and suggest that platelet 5-HT concentration might be used as a peripheral marker to predict suicidal behavior across psychiatric diagnoses.
Collapse
|
34
|
Freson K, Labarque V, Thys C, Wittevrongel C, Geet CV. What's new in using platelet research? To unravel thrombopathies and other human disorders. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166:1203-10. [PMID: 17619901 PMCID: PMC2042511 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-007-0543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review on platelet research focuses on defects of adhesion, cytoskeletal organisation, signal transduction and secretion. Platelet defects can be studied by different laboratory platelet functional assays and morphological studies. Easy bruising or a suspected platelet-based bleeding disorder is of course the most obvious reason to test the platelet function in a patient. However, nowadays platelet research also contributes to our understanding of human pathology in other disciplines such as neurology, nephrology, endocrinology and metabolic diseases. Apart from a discussion on classical thrombopathies, this review will also deal with the less commonly known relation between platelet research and disorders with a broader clinical phenotype. Classical thrombopathies involve disorders of platelet adhesion such as Glanzmann thrombastenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome, defective G protein signalling diseases with impaired phospholipase C activation, and abnormal platelet granule secretion disorders such as gray platelet disorder and delta-storage pool disease. Other clinical symptoms besides a bleeding tendency have been described in MYH9-related disorders and Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to adhesion defects, and also in disorders of impaired Gs signalling, in Hermansky Pudlack disease and Chediak Higashi disease with abnormal secretion. Finally, platelet research can also be used to unravel novel mechanisms involved in many neurological disorders such as depression and autism with only a subclinical platelet defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Freson
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Roggenbach J, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Franke L, Uebelhack R, Blank S, Ahrens B. Peripheral serotonergic markers in acutely suicidal patients. 1. Comparison of serotonergic platelet measures between suicidal individuals, nonsuicidal patients with major depression and healthy subjects. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 114:479-87. [PMID: 16988795 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A robust association between "suicidality" and deficits of the serotoninergic neurotransmission has been claimed in the past. However, many studies having investigated the relationship between suicidality and peripheral indicators of serotoninergic neurotransmission suffer from considering only one or a very small number of potentially useful serotoninergic parameters, whereas a synoptic multidimensional approach appears to be more appropriate. Furthermore, the psychiatric context within which suicidal behaviour occurs should be considered when interpreting biochemical findings of patients with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. METHODS In the present study 5 peripheral serotonergic markers, (platelet 5HT concentration, 5HT uptake activity, 5HT(2A) receptor binding characteristics, MAO-B activity and tryptophan concentration in plasma) were assessed simultaneously. Of the 60 acutely suicidal inpatients (ICD-10: F43.xx, n = 52; F31/32/33, n = 8), 45 were suicide attempters. Data of 28 nonsuicidal patients with major depression (F31, n = 4; F32, n = 14; F33, n = 10) and 123 healthy volunteers represented the control groups. RESULTS Mean platelet 5HT concentration was significantly lower in suicidal inpatients when compared to nonsuicidal depressed patients, but did not differ from the figure in healthy subjects. Nonsuicidal depressed patients showed significantly higher mean platelet-5HT concentration than healthy controls. Mean V(max) of 5HT uptake in washed platelets, but not in platelet-rich plasma, was significantly higher in suicidal patients than in healthy controls, not, however, when compared to nonsuicidal depressed patients. Mean K(D) for the platelet 5HT(2A) receptor and MAO-B activity were significantly lower in suicidal patients as compared to nonsuicidal depressed patients and healthy controls. The observed differences in peripheral serotonergic markers between groups are partially due to a significant gender effect. A lower MAO-B activity was observed only in suicidal females, while the higher V(max) of 5HT uptake in washed platelets of suicidal patients was due to suicidal males. CONCLUSIONS In view of conflicting observations made by other authors and the present findings on suicidal patients with adjustment disorder it remains doubtful whether and if so to which extent platelet studies can provide valid information on serotonergic mechanisms related to suicidal behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Roggenbach
- Former Research Group Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hill MN, Gorzalka BB. Is there a role for the endocannabinoid system in the etiology and treatment of melancholic depression? Behav Pharmacol 2006; 16:333-52. [PMID: 16148438 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200509000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
With advances in basic and clinical neuroscience, many gaps have appeared in the traditional monoamine theory of depression that have led to reformulation of the hypotheses concerning the neurobiology of depression. The more recent hypotheses suggest that melancholic depression is characterized by central glucocorticoid resistance that results in hypercortisolemia, which in turn leads to down-regulation of neurotrophins and subsequent neurodegeneration. Examining the neurobiology of depression from this perspective suggests that the endocannabinoid system may play a role in the etiology of melancholic depression. Specifically, pharmacological and genetic blockade of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor induces a phenotypic state that is analogous to melancholic depression, including symptoms such as reduced food intake, heightened anxiety, increased arousal and wakefulness, deficits in extinction of aversive memories and supersensitivity to stress. These similarities between melancholic depression and an endocannabinoid deficiency become more interesting in light of recent findings that endocannabinoid activity is down-regulated by chronic stress and possibly increased by some antidepressant regimens. We propose that an endocannabinoid deficiency may underlie some of the symptoms of melancholic depression, and that enhancement of this system may ultimately be a novel form of pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Islam A, Thompson KSJ, Akhtar S, Handley SL. Increased 5-HT2A receptor expression and function following central glucocorticoid receptor knockdown in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 502:213-20. [PMID: 15476747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Central glucocorticoid receptor function may be reduced in depression. In vivo modelling of glucocorticoid receptor underfunctionality would assist in understanding its role in depressive illness. The role of glucocorticoid receptors in modulating 5-HT(2A) receptor expression and function in the central nervous system (CNS) is presently unclear, but 5-HT(2A) receptor function also appears altered in depression. With the aid of RNAse H accessibility mapping, we have developed a 21-mer antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (5'-TAAAAACAGGCTTCTGATCCT-3', termed GRAS-5) that showed 56% reduction in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and 80% down-regulation in glucocorticoid receptor protein in rat C6 glioma cells. Sustained delivery to rat cerebral ventricles in slow release biodegradable polymer microspheres produced a marked decrease in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein in hypothalamus (by 39% and 80%, respectively) and frontal cortex (by 26% and 67%, respectively) 5 days after a single injection, with parallel significant up-regulation of 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA expression (13%) and binding (21%) in frontal cortex. 5-HT(2A) receptor function, determined by DOI-head-shakes, showed a 55% increase. These findings suggest that central 5-HT(2A) receptors are, directly or indirectly, under tonic inhibitory control by glucocorticoid receptor.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Cerebral Cortex/physiology
- Gene Silencing/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/physiology
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/physiology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/deficiency
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminul Islam
- LHS, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dwivedi Y, Mondal AC, Rizavi HS, Shukla PK, Pandey GN. Single and repeated stress-induced modulation of phospholipase C catalytic activity and expression: role in LH behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30:473-83. [PMID: 15536495 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PI-PLC, a critical enzyme of the phosphoinositide (PI) signaling pathway, mediates many physiological functions in the brain, including cellular plasticity. Stress-induced learned helplessness (LH) in animals serves as a model of behavioral depression. Recently, we observed that repeated stress prolongs the duration of LH behavior in rats, enabling us to compare neurobiologic abnormalities in acute and chronic depression. Here we examine whether LH behavior is associated with alterations in phospholipase C (PLC), and whether repetition of inescapable shock has similar or dissimilar effects on PLC to those of the single-stress paradigm. Rats were exposed to inescapable shock either once on day 1, or twice, on days 1 and 7. Rats were tested for escape latency on days 2 and 4 after day 1 inescapable shock or on days 2, 8, and 14 after day 1 and 7 inescapable shock. PI-PLC activity and mRNA and protein expression of three different PLC isozymes were determined in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Higher escape latencies were observed in LH rats tested on day 2 after single inescapable shock and on day 14 after repeated inescapable shock. Single inescapable shock reduced PI-PLC activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of LH rats. On the other hand, repeated inescapable shock not only reduced PI-PLC activity in these brain areas of LH rats but also selectively decreased the expression of PLC beta1 and PLC gamma1 isozymes. Our results suggest different responsiveness at the level of PI-PLC after single vs repeated stress, and that reductions in PLC may be critical in the pathophysiology of depression and other stress-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pivac N, Mück-Seler D, Mustapić M, Nenadić-Sviglin K, Kozarić-Kovacić D. Platelet serotonin concentration in alcoholic subjects. Life Sci 2005; 76:521-31. [PMID: 15556165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2003] [Accepted: 06/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is assumed to play a role in the pathophysiology of different psychiatric disorders including alcoholism. Since platelets and central serotonergic synaptosomes share similar pharmacodynamics of 5-HT, this study determined platelet 5-HT concentration in 148 male and 42 female drug-free subjects with alcohol dependency, according to the DSM-IV criteria, and in sex-and age-matched controls. Male and female alcoholics had significantly lower platelet 5-HT concentration than 110 male and 123 female healthy controls. Sex differences, i.e. higher platelet 5-HT concentration in men than in women, were found both in healthy and alcoholic subjects. Platelet 5-HT concentration differed significantly in male and female alcoholic subjects with or without different psychiatric comorbidities. Platelet 5-HT concentration was higher in male alcoholics with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than in male alcoholics with comorbid anxious-depressive disorder, or depression, or male alcoholics without any psychiatric comorbidities. Comorbid depression in female alcoholics slightly elevated platelet 5-HT levels but these values were still reduced compared to values in healthy women. Smoking status did not affect platelet 5-HT concentration either in healthy or in alcoholic subjects. The data from our study show sex differences, and reduced platelet 5-HT values, regardless of the nicotine dependence, in the large groups of male and female alcoholic subjects. Among male alcoholics the presence of comorbid PTSD partly normalized the decreased platelet 5-HT values. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that alterations in 5-HT system might be related to alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Bosković Institute, POBox 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Joynt KE, Whellan DJ, O'connor CM. Why is depression bad for the failing heart? A review of the mechanistic relationship between depression and heart failure. J Card Fail 2004; 10:258-71. [PMID: 15190537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2003.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is 4 to 5 times as common in heart failure (HF) patients as in the general population, might confer a higher risk of developing HF, and negatively affects prognosis in established HF. METHODS AND RESULTS A review was undertaken via Medline (1966-2003) and PsycINFO (1872-2003) searches using the subject headings "depressive disorder" and "heart failure, congestive." Our findings suggest that the link between depression and HF may be due to shared pathophysiology. Depression may augment catecholamine release, arrhythmias, elaboration of proinflammatory cytokines, and platelet activation--processes that may influence prognosis in HF. Depression is also associated with a higher risk of noncompliance and lower levels of social support, which have been shown to worsen prognosis in HF. The impact of pharmacologic or behavioral treatment for depression on physiologic parameters or clinical outcomes in HF remains unclear. Inherent difficulties in recognition of depression in the setting of HF may decrease the likelihood that depressed patients receive the treatment they need. CONCLUSIONS Depression is common in HF, may contribute to the development of HF in susceptible populations, and is independently predictive of poor clinical outcomes. Pathophysiologic pathways and psychosocial issues that are shared between the 2 conditions might explain these observations and represent potential therapeutic targets. Vigilant attention to the recognition and treatment of depression in HF patients is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Joynt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schins A, Hamulyák K, Scharpé S, Lousberg R, Van Melle J, Crijns H, Honig A. Whole blood serotonin and platelet activation in depressed post-myocardial infarction patients. Life Sci 2004; 76:637-50. [PMID: 15567189 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Depression is an independent risk factor for post myocardial infarction (MI) mortality. Abnormalities in platelet function have been proposed as one of the mechanisms involved in increased cardiovascular risk among patients with depression post-MI. Depression in somatically healthy patients has been associated with increased platelet activation. Some but not all studies showed changes in blood serotonin level. Increased platelet activation and blood serotonin level have been associated with increased risk of cardiac events in patients with MI. The goal of this study was to investigate whether 1) depressed post-MI patients have higher markers of platelet activation as measured by plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin (betaTG), platelet factor 4 (PF4) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and higher serotonin (5-HT) levels than non-depressed post-MI patients and 2) treatment with the antidepressant mirtazapine decreases platelet activation. In this study, 25 depressed post-MI patients were asked for blood collection before start as well as after 8 weeks treatment with mirtazapine or placebo. The control group (n=22) consisted of non-depressed post-MI patients, matched for age, gender and time elapsed since MI. Plasma levels of betaTG, PF4 and sCD40L were not statistically different between the groups, but 5-HT levels were significantly higher in depressed patients. Treatment with mirtazapine resulted in a non-significant decrease in betaTG and PF4 and platelet 5-HT levels. Platelet and whole blood 5-HT, but not platelet activation was significantly increased in depressed post-MI patients. Treatment with mirtazapine showed a non-significant decrease in platelet activation and platelet 5-HT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annique Schins
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Role of intracellular calcium signaling in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder: current status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnr.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
43
|
Escribá PV, Ozaita A, García-Sevilla JA. Increased mRNA expression of alpha2A-adrenoceptors, serotonin receptors and mu-opioid receptors in the brains of suicide victims. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:1512-21. [PMID: 15199368 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of new therapies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders requires an in-depth knowledge of the molecular bases underlying these pathologies, which remain largely unknown. Alterations in adrenoceptors, serotonin receptors, and other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been associated with suicide and depression. However, to date, there is little information about mRNA expression of the GPCRs in the frontal cortex of suicide victims. Our goal was to study the expression in the brain of these receptors. For this purpose, we measured mRNA levels by RT-PCR. We found that the expressions of alpha2A-adrenoceptors, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A serotonin receptors, and mu-opioid receptors were elevated in the post-mortem brains of these suicide victims with respect to matched controls. Moreover, in the case of alpha2A-adrenoceptors (the only for which these data were available), a significant correlation was observed between the level of mRNA and protein quantified in the brain of the same subjects, indicating that protein synthesis of this receptor was not influenced by post-translational regulatory mechanisms. In addition, the degree of adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor expressions appeared to be correlated in the brains of suicide victims and control subjects. Alterations in the expression of adrenoceptors, serotonin, and opioid receptors indicate that these signaling proteins might be related to the etiopathology of suicidal and depressive behaviors. Alternatively, such changes may represent adaptive mechanisms to compensate for other as yet unknown alterations. The results also suggest that these receptors could share common regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Brain Chemistry/genetics
- Depressive Disorder/genetics
- Depressive Disorder/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Serotonin/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Suicide
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Associated Unit of the Cajal Institute (CSIC), Department of Biology, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. pablo.escriba.uib.es
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rosel P, Arranz B, Urretavizcaya M, Oros M, San L, Navarro MA. Altered 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 postsynaptic receptors and their intracellular signalling systems IP3 and cAMP in brains from depressed violent suicide victims. Neuropsychobiology 2004; 49:189-95. [PMID: 15118356 DOI: 10.1159/000077365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 binding parameters and their second messengers 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate (IP3) and cyclic adenosyl monophosphate (cAMP) were studied in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus and amygdala of 19 control subjects and 19 antidepressant-free, violent suicide victims. A significantly higher number of 5-HT4 receptors and higher second messenger cAMP concentrations were found in the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus of the depressed suicide victims as compared with the control group. Furthermore, significantly increased 5-HT2A binding sites and IP3 concentrations were noted in the caudate nucleus of the suicide victims, together with a significantly reduced number of 5-HT2A binding sites, higher binding affinity and increased IP3 concentrations in the hippocampus. No significant alterations in 5-HT4 and cAMP or in 5-HT2A and IP3 concentrations were observed in the amygdala. The caudate nucleus of depressed suicide victims seems to be the brain region with the highest alteration of the serotonergic system, and hence with the most diagnostic sensitivity. Further studies on suicidality and depression should focus on the functionality of the caudate nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rosel
- Hormone Unit, Department of Biochemistry, CSU Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Martini C, Trincavelli ML, Tuscano D, Carmassi C, Ciapparelli A, Lucacchini A, Cassano GB, Dell'Osso L. Serotonin-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases in platelets of patients with panic disorder versus controls. Neurochem Int 2004; 44:627-39. [PMID: 15016478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2002] [Revised: 04/17/2003] [Accepted: 09/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK 1/2) represents a converging intracellular signalling pathway which is involved in the modulation of gene transcription and may contribute to the feed-back regulation of neurotransmitter receptor functioning. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the serotonin-mediated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in platelets from patients (n = 17) with panic disorder, with respect to healthy volunteers (n = 17). Patients presented a severe symptomatology as assessed by the self-report rating scales for panic-agoraphobic (PAS-SR) and mood (MOOD-SR) spectrum, and by Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S). In platelets from healthy volunteers, serotonin induced a rapid increase of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation with a transient monophasic kinetic. The dose-response curves showed this effect was concentration dependent with an average of the EC(50) value of 22.8 +/- 2.4 microM. Platelet pre-incubation with 5HT(1A) and 5HT(2A) antagonists, pindobind and ritanserin, significantly inhibited serotonin-mediated kinase activation with an EC(50) of 3.2 +/- 0.2 and 1.99 +/- 0.08 nM, respectively, suggesting an involvement of these specific receptor subtypes in serotonin-mediated response. Furthermore, the 5HT(1A) and 5HT(2A) agonists, 8-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-aminotetralin (8OH-DPAT) and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy)-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI), were able to modulate ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC(50) value of 3.1 +/- 0.2 and 76 +/- 4.5 nM, respectively. ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was not observed after serotonin treatment of platelets from drug-free panic disorder patients, suggesting an alteration in intracellular phosphorylative pathways. Since ERK 1/2 responsiveness to other stimulus, such as collagen and thrombin, was comparable in platelets from healthy volunteers and patients, our results suggested that a specific alteration of serotonergic system occurred in panic disorder. Further studies to investigate 5HT(1A) and 5HT(2A) receptor expression and threonine phosphorylation levels showed that, nevertheless no significant differences in the receptor expression levels were detected, an increase of both 5HT receptor phosphorylation, on threonine residues, occurred in platelet from panic patients with respect to controls, suggesting that a reduction of serotonin receptor functioning was involved in the loss of serotonin responsiveness in panic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Berk M, Malhi GS. The platelet window: examining receptor regulated second messenger processes in psychosis and depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2003; 15:309-15. [PMID: 26983768 DOI: 10.1046/j.1601-5215.2003.00048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral markers of psychiatric illness provide a potentially important window into the pathophysiology of a number of psychiatric illnesses. Direct access to pathophysiological processes is fraught with difficulty. However, receptor-regulated second messenger-mediated calcium shifts are an accessible and practical method by which to examine changes in a clinical population. This is possible because platelets and neurons share some physiological features. The platelet intracellular calcium response to receptor stimulation has previously been used as a peripheral marker of psychiatric illness across a range of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine and glutamate. This review considers the specificity and selectivity of this response and its use in psychotic and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Berk
- 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Geelong, Victoria
| | - G S Malhi
- 2Mood Disorders Unit at the Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schins A, Honig A, Crijns H, Baur L, Hamulyák K. Increased coronary events in depressed cardiovascular patients: 5-HT2A receptor as missing link? Psychosom Med 2003; 65:729-37. [PMID: 14508013 DOI: 10.1097/01.psy.0000088596.42029.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms have been identified as independent risk factors for cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. Increased susceptibility to platelet activation has been proposed as one of the mechanisms by which depression acts as a significant risk factor for thrombotic events. In this review, data on platelet activation and platelet aggregation measures in depressed patients with or without concomitant cardiovascular disease are given. Data on the influence of antidepressants on parameters of platelet activation are summarized. METHODS A literature search was done by checking MEDLINE Advanced and PsycInfo from 1990 to 2003 and through checking the bibliographies of these sources. The following key words were used for this search: platelet activation, platelet aggregation, depression, depressive disorder, ischemic heart disease, calcium, and serotonin. RESULTS There is an indication of enhanced platelet activation and aggregation in depressed patients. Next, patients with a depressive disorder show signs of a hyperactive platelet 5-HT2A receptor signal transduction system as measured by increased platelet calcium mobilization after stimulation of platelets with serotonin. CONCLUSIONS Depression appears to be associated with an increased susceptibility for serotonin-mediated platelet activation. Upregulation and/or increased sensitivity of 5-HT2A/1B receptors and downregulated 5-HT transporter receptors in the periphery may contribute to increased risk of thromboembolic events in patients with depression and cardiovascular disease. Increased platelet reactivity based on a hyperreactive 5-HT2A receptor signaling system might be influenced by antidepressive medication that antagonizes platelet 5-HT2A receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annique Schins
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
This article explores the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease from a mechanistic standpoint. Depression and cardiovascular disease are two of the most prevalent health problems in the United States and are the two leading causes of disability both in the United States and worldwide. Although depression is a known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, as well as an independent predictor of poor prognosis following a cardiac event, the mechanistic relationship between the two remains unclear. Depression is associated with changes in an individual's health status that may influence the development and course of cardiovascular disease, including noncompliance with medical recommendations, as well as the presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking and hypertension. In addition, depression is associated with physiologic changes, including nervous system activation, cardiac rhythm disturbances, systemic and localized inflammation, and hypercoagulability, that negatively influence the cardiovascular system. Further, stress may be an underlying trigger that leads to the development of both depression and cardiovascular disease. This article reviews seven potential mechanisms for the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease and presents the available evidence surrounding each mechanism. Finally, future directions for research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Joynt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27715, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Höltje M, Winter S, Walther D, Pahner I, Hörtnagl H, Ottersen OP, Bader M, Ahnert-Hilger G. The vesicular monoamine content regulates VMAT2 activity through Galphaq in mouse platelets. Evidence for autoregulation of vesicular transmitter uptake. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:15850-8. [PMID: 12604601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212816200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in the neurotransmitter content of secretory vesicles enable neurons to adapt to network changes. Vesicular content may be modulated by vesicle-associated Go(2), which down-regulates the activity of the vesicular monoamine transmitter transporters VMAT1 in neuroendocrine cells and VMAT2 in neurons. Blood platelets resemble serotonergic neurons with respect to transmitter storage and release. In streptolysin O-permeabilized platelets, VMAT2 activity is also down-regulated by the G protein activator guanosine 5'-(beta(i)gamma-imido)triphosphate (GMppNp). Using serotonin-depleted platelets from peripheral tryptophan hydroxylase knockout (Tph1-/-) mice, we show here that the vesicular filling initiates the G protein-mediated down-regulation of VMAT2 activity. GMppNp did not influence VMAT2 activity in naive platelets from Tph1-/- mice. GMppNp-mediated inhibition could be reconstituted, however, when preloading Tph1-/- platelets with serotonin or noradrenaline. Galpha(q) mediates the down-regulation of VMAT2 activity as revealed from uptake studies performed with platelets from Galpha(q) deletion mutants. Serotonergic, noradrenergic, as well as thromboxane A(2) receptors are not directly involved in the down-regulation of VMAT2 activity. It is concluded that in platelets the vesicle itself regulates transmitter transporter activity via its content and vesicle-associated Galpha(q).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Höltje
- Institut für Anatomie der Charité, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 12, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|