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Eastman AJ, Vrana EN, Grimaldo MT, Jones AD, Rogers LM, Alcendor DJ, Aronoff DM. Cytotrophoblasts suppress macrophage-mediated inflammation through a contact-dependent mechanism. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13352. [PMID: 32969101 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Gestational membrane (GM) infection provokes inflammation and can result in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). The choriodecidual layer of the GM includes decidual stromal cells (DSC), cytotrophoblasts (CTB), and macrophages (Mφ). Our laboratory has previously shown that DSCs suppress Mφ TNF-α production through secreted prostaglandin E2 . We hypothesized that CTBs would also inhibit Mφ cytokine expression through secreted mediators. METHOD OF STUDY THP.1 Mφ-like cells with an NF-κB reporter construct or human blood monocyte-derived Mφ were co-cultured with the Jeg3 CTB cell line or primary human CTBs and challenged with group B streptococcus (GBS) or Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Conditioned medium generated from CTB cultures was applied to Mφ cultures before infection or treatment. Alternatively, CTBs were co-incubated with, but physically separated from, Mφ and GBS or TLR-stimulated. NF-κB was assessed via alkaline phosphatase assay, and proinflammatory mediators were assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS CTBs suppressed GBS- or TLR-stimulated Mφ NF-κB activity, and TNF-α and MMP9 production. Direct physical contact between CTBs and Mφ was required for full immunosuppression. Immunosuppression could be overcome by increasing the ratio of Mφ to CTB. CONCLUSIONS CTBs limit Mφ NF-κB activation and production of TNF-α and MMP9 through an as-yet unknown, cell-to-cell contact-mediated mechanism. This suppression is distinct from the PGE2 -mediated Mφ TNF-α suppression by DSC, suggesting that DSCs and CTBs regulate Mφ inflammation through distinct mechanisms. How Mφ integrates these signals in an intact GM will be paramount to determining causes and prevention of PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Eastman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin N Vrana
- Vanderbilt University Medical School, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria T Grimaldo
- Texas A&M University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Amanda D Jones
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Rogers
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - David M Aronoff
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Vishnyakova P, Artemova D, Elchaninov A, Efendieva Z, Apolikhina I, Sukhikh G, Fatkhudinov T. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on mesenchymal stem cells isolated from rat uterus. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10415. [PMID: 33335809 PMCID: PMC7713597 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which represents a valuable source of growth factors, is increasingly being applied in regenerative medicine. Recent findings suggest the feasibility of using PRP in the treatment of infertility secondary to refractory thin endometrium. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of the endometrium are an essential cellular component responsible for extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, cell-to-cell communication, and postmenstrual tissue repair. Using a rat model, we examine the effects of autologous PRP on MSCs isolated from the uterus and compare them with the effects of autologous ordinary plasma (OP) and complete growth medium. METHODS MSCs were isolated from uterine tissues via enzymatic disaggregation. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of the primary cell cultures was complemented by immunocytochemistry for Ki-67 and vimentin. The ability of MSCs to differentiate in osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenic directions was assessed using differentiation-inducing media. The levels of autophagy and apoptosis markers, as well as the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and estrogen receptor α, were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS After 24 h incubation, the proliferation index of the PRP-treated MSC cultures was significantly higher than that of the MSC cultures treated with complete growth medium. PRP treatment elevated production of LC3B protein, an autophagy marker, while OP treatment upregulated the expression of stress-induced protein p53 and extracellular enzyme MMP9. The results indicate practical relevance and validity for PRP use in the treatment of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Artemova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - Zulfiia Efendieva
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna Apolikhina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Paparini DE, Choudhury RH, Vota DM, Karolczak-Bayatti M, Finn-Sell S, Grasso EN, Hauk VC, Ramhorst R, Pérez Leirós C, Aplin JD. Vasoactive intestinal peptide shapes first-trimester placenta trophoblast, vascular, and immune cell cooperation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:964-980. [PMID: 30726565 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells are responsible for decidual stromal invasion, vascular transformation, and the recruitment and functional modulation of maternal leukocytes in the first-trimester pregnant uterus. An early disruption of EVT function leads to placental insufficiency underlying pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a vasodilating and immune modulatory factor synthesized by trophoblast cells. However, its role in first-trimester placenta has not been explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that VIP is involved in first-trimester EVT outgrowth, spiral artery remodelling, balancing angiogenesis, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH First-trimester placental tissue (five to nine weeks of gestation) was collected, and was used for EVT outgrowth experiments, immunofluorescence, isolation of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells and decidual macrophages (dMA), and functional assays. Peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated with GM-CSF and used for angiogenesis assays. KEY RESULTS In decidua basalis, VIP+ EVT were observed sprouting from cell columns and lining spiral arterioles. EVT migrating from placental explants were also VIP+. VIP increased EVT outgrowth and IL-10 release, whereas it decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in EVT, dNK cells, and dMA. VIP disrupted endothelial cell networks, both directly and indirectly via an effect on macrophages. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that VIP assists the progress of EVT invasion and vessel remodelling in first-trimester placental bed in an immunologically "silent" milieu. The effects of VIP in the present ex vivo human placental model endorse its potential as a therapeutic candidate for deep placentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Paparini
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruhul H Choudhury
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Daiana M Vota
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Karolczak-Bayatti
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Finn-Sell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Esteban N Grasso
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa C Hauk
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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4
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Total flavonoids from Semen Cuscutae target MMP9 and promote invasion of EVT cells via Notch/AKT/MAPK signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17342. [PMID: 30478366 PMCID: PMC6255888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscarriage is a common condition during pregnancy and its mechanisms remain largely unknown. Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell invasion is required to maintain normal pregnancy and its malfunction has been proposed as a major cause for miscarriage. Homeostasis of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is a key to regulate EVT cell invasion. Total flavonoids from Semen Cuscutae (TFSC) have been applied clinically used for preventing or treating miscarriage in the past. Given its potential clinical benefit on preventing miscarriage, this study aims at examining the therapeutic effect of TFSC in the prevention of premature birth by upregulating MMP9 and promote EVT cell invasion. HTR-8 cells migration and invasion functions were analyzed using wound healing and transwell assays. The regulatory effect of TFSC on MMP9 expression and relevant signaling pathways were analyzed by Western Blot. The results show compared to control group, TFSC significantly promoted the migration of EVT cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The migration and invasion of EVT cells were maximized at the highest dosage of 5 μg/ml of TFSC. The expression of MMP9 in EVT cells was significantly increased after TFSC treatment. Furthermore, cells treated with TFSC significantly upregulated protein expressions in Notch, AKT and p38/MAPK signaling pathways. We believe TFSC can promote the migration and invasion of EVT cells by increasing MMP9 expression, and prevent miscarriage by activating Notch, AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways.
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5
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Chang WL, Liu YW, Dang YL, Jiang XX, Xu H, Huang X, Wang YL, Wang H, Zhu C, Xue LQ, Lin HY, Meng W, Wang H. PLAC8, a new marker for human interstitial extravillous trophoblast cells, promotes their invasion and migration. Development 2018; 145:dev.148932. [PMID: 29361555 PMCID: PMC5825838 DOI: 10.1242/dev.148932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proper differentiation of trophoblast cells in the human placenta is a prerequisite for a successful pregnancy, and dysregulation of this process may lead to malignant pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia. Finding specific markers for different types of trophoblast cells is essential for understanding trophoblast differentiation. Here, we report that placenta-specific protein 8 (PLAC8) is specifically expressed in the interstitial extravillous trophoblast cells (iEVTs) on the fetomaternal interface. Using model systems, including placental villi-decidua co-culture, iEVTs induction by using primary trophoblast cells or explants, etc., we found that PLAC8 promotes invasion and migration of iEVTs. Mechanistically, time-lapse imaging, GTPase activity assay, co-immunoprecipitation and RNA-seq studies show that PLAC8 increases the Cdc42 and Rac1 activities, and further induces the formation of filopodia at the leading edge of the migratory trophoblast cells. More interestingly, PLAC8 is significantly upregulated under hypoxia and expression of PLAC8 is higher in iEVTs from preeclamptic placentas when compared with those from the normal control placentas. Together, PLAC8 is a new marker for iEVTs and plays an important role in promoting trophoblast invasion and migration. Highlighted Article: Oxygen tension-dependent expression of placenta-specific protein 8 positively regulates trophoblast invasion and migration partially through upregulating the activation of Rac1 and Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Li Dang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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6
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Plasma and Aorta Biochemistry and MMPs Activities in Female Rabbit Fed Methionine Enriched Diet and Their Offspring. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:2785142. [PMID: 28133545 PMCID: PMC5241488 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2785142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether a high Met diet influences biochemical parameters, MMPs activities in plasma, and biochemical and histological remodeling in aorta, in both pregnant female rabbits and their offspring. Four female rabbit groups are constituted (each n = 8), nonpregnant control (NPC), pregnant control (PC) that received normal commercial chow, nonpregnant Met (NPMet), and pregnant Met (PMet) that received the same diet supplemented with 0,35% L-methionine (w/w) for 3 months (500 mg/d). All pregnant females realize 3 successive pregnancies. Plasma results showed that Met excess increased Hcy, raised CRP in NPMet and decreased it in PMet, enhanced significantly proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activities in NPMet, and reduced them in PMet. Aorta showed a rise in collagen level, essentially in PMet, a reduction of elastin content in both PMet and NPMet, and a significant decrease in lipid content in PMet, with histological changes that are more pronounced in NPMet than PMet. Met excess enhanced proMMP-9 activities in NPMet while it decreased them in PMet. PMet newborn presented increase in uremia and CRP and significant rise of active MMP-2 and MMP-9 forms. In aorta, media and adventitia thickness increased, total lipids content decreased, proMMP-9 activity decreased, and proMMP-2 activity increased.
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7
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Huang CH, Lu SH, Chang CC, Thomas PA, Jayakumar T, Sheu JR. Hinokitiol, a tropolone derivative, inhibits mouse melanoma (B16-F10) cell migration and in vivo tumor formation. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:148-57. [PMID: 25449038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the major causes of treatment failure in patients with cancer. Hinokitiol, a natural bioactive compound found in Chamacyparis taiwanensis, has been used in hair tonics, cosmetics, and food as an antimicrobial agent. In this study, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of action of hinokitiol on migration by the metastatic melanoma cell line, B16-F10, in which matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is found to be highly- expressed. Treatment with hinokitiol revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition of migration of B16-F10 melanoma cells. Hinokitiol appeared to achieve this effect by reducing the expression of MMP-1 and by suppressing the phosphorylation of mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). On the other hand, hinokitiol treatment reversed IκB-α degradation and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cJun in B16-F10 cells. In addition, hinokitiol suppressed the translocation of p65 NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus, suggesting reduced NF-κB activation. Consistent with these in vitro findings, our in vivo study demonstrated that hinokitiol treatment significantly reduced the total number of mouse lung metastatic nodules and improved histological alterations in B16-F10 injected C57BL/6 mice. These findings suggest that treatment of B16-F10 cells with hinokitiol significantly inhibits metastasis, possibly by blocking MMP-1 activation, MAPK signaling pathways and inhibition of the transcription factors, NF-κB and c-Jun, involved in cancer cell migration. These results may accelerate the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Lu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Cardiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philip Aloysius Thomas
- Department of Research and Development, Institute of Ophthalmology, Joseph Eye Hospital, Tiruchirappalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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8
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Bilen E, Tola EN, Oral B, Doguç DK, Günyeli İ, Köse SA, İlhan I. Do follicular fluid gelatinase levels affect fertilization rates and oocyte quality? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:1265-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Holloway AC, Salomon A, Soares MJ, Garnier V, Raha S, Sergent F, Nicholson CJ, Feige JJ, Benharouga M, Alfaidy N. Characterization of the adverse effects of nicotine on placental development: in vivo and in vitro studies. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E443-56. [PMID: 24368670 PMCID: PMC4865199 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00478.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to nicotine is associated with increased risk of numerous adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, which suggests that it acts directly to affect placental development and the establishment of the fetomaternal circulation (FC). This study used both in vivo [Wistar rats treated with 1 mg/kg nicotine from 2 wk prior to mating until gestational day (GD) 15] and in vitro (RCHO-1 cell line; treated with 10(-9) to 10(-3)M nicotine) models to examine the effects of nicotine on these pathways. At GD 15, control and treated placentas were examined for the impact of nicotine on 1) trophoblast invasion, proliferation, and degree of hypoxia, 2) labyrinth vascularization, 3) expression of key genes of placental development, and 4) expression of placental angiogenic factors. The RCHO-1 cell line was used to determine the direct effects of nicotine on trophoblast differentiation. Our in vivo experiments show that nicotine inhibits trophoblast interstitial invasion, increases placental hypoxia, downregulates labyrinth vascularization as well as key transcription factors Hand1 and GCM1, and decreases local and circulating EG-VEGF, a key placental angiogenic factor. The in vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory effects of nicotine on the trophoblast migration, invasion, and differentiation processes and demonstrated that those effects are most likely due to a dysregulation in the expression of nicotine receptors and a decrease in MMP9 activity. Taken together, these data suggest that adverse effects of maternal smoking on pregnancy outcome are due in part to direct and endocrine effects of nicotine on the main processes of placental development and establishment of FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Holloway
- 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
| | - A. Salomon
- 2Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France;
- 3Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France;
- 4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France;
| | - M. J. Soares
- 7Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - V. Garnier
- 2Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France;
- 3Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France;
- 4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France;
| | - S. Raha
- 6Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - F. Sergent
- 2Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France;
- 3Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France;
- 4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France;
| | - C. J. Nicholson
- 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
| | - J. J. Feige
- 2Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France;
- 3Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France;
- 4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France;
| | - M. Benharouga
- 1Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France;
- 2Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France;
- 3Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France;
| | - N. Alfaidy
- 2Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France;
- 3Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France;
- 4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France;
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Takahashi H, Takizawa T, Matsubara S, Ohkuchi A, Kuwata T, Usui R, Matsumoto H, Sato Y, Fujiwara H, Okamoto A, Suzuki M, Takizawa T. Extravillous trophoblast cell invasion is promoted by the CD44-hyaluronic acid interaction. Placenta 2013; 35:163-70. [PMID: 24439029 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell invasion plays a crucial role in establishment of successful pregnancy. CD44, a cell-surface receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA), plays a key role in HA-mediated remodeling and degradation that triggers cancer cell invasion. However, few studies have reported on the expression or functions of CD44 in human EVT cells. We hypothesized that CD44-HA interaction was involved in invasion by EVT cells. METHODS To test our hypothesis, we conducted in situ examinations of CD44 and HA expression in the human first-trimester placenta. We also assessed the methylation status of CD44 promoter and exon 1 regions in EVT cells. Finally, we conducted transwell cell invasion assays using EVT cell lines and EVT cells isolated from first-trimester human villous explant cultures. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION EVT cells, but not villous trophoblast cells, in the first-trimester placenta expressed CD44. HA was strongly expressed in adventitia surrounding the spiral uterine arterial walls of the decidua. The extent of demethylation of CD44 promoter and exon 1 CpG islands was increased in EVT cells compared to those of first-trimester chorionic villi (including villous trophoblast cells), suggesting that CD44 expression was, at least in part, associated with methylation status. Data from transwell cell invasion assay with siRNA knockdown of CD44 revealed that CD44 expression significantly promoted invasion by EVT cells in an HA-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of a CD44-HA interaction between EVT cells and the extracellular matrix contributes to our understanding of the mechanism underlying invasion by EVT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - T Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - S Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - A Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - T Kuwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - R Usui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - H Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - H Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - A Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - M Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - T Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
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Cathepsin D levels are reduced in patients with preeclampsia in Korean population. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1808-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aghababaei M, Perdu S, Irvine K, Beristain AG. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 (ADAM12) localizes to invasive trophoblast, promotes cell invasion and directs column outgrowth in early placental development. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 20:235-49. [PMID: 24243624 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, stromal- and vascular-remodeling trophoblasts serve critical roles in directing placental development acquiring pro-invasive characteristics. The A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of multifunctional proteins direct cellular processes across multiple organ systems via their intrinsic catalytic, cell adhesive and intracellular signaling properties. ADAM12, existing as two distinct splice variants (ADAM12L and ADAM12S), is highly expressed in the human placenta and promotes cell migration and invasion in several tumor cell lines; however, its role in trophoblast biology is unknown. In this study, ADAM12 was localized to anchoring trophoblast columns in first trimester placentas and to highly invasive extracellular matrix-degrading trophoblasts in placental villous explants. The importance of ADAM12 in directing trophoblast invasion was tested using loss-of and gain-of-function strategies, where siRNA-directed knockdown of ADAM12 inhibited trophoblast cell invasion while over-expression promoted migration and invasion in two trophoblastic cell models. In placental villous explant cultures, siRNA-directed loss of ADAM12 significantly dampened trophoblast column outgrowth. Additionally, we provide functional evidence for the ADAM12S variant in promoting trophoblast invasion and column outgrowth through a mechanism requiring its catalytic activity. This is the first study to assign a function for ADAM12 in trophoblast biology, where ADAM12 may play a central role regulating the behavior of invasive trophoblast subsets in early pregnancy. This study also underlines the importance of ADAM12L and ADAM12S in directing cell motility in normal developmental processes outside of cancer, specifically highlighting a potentially important function of ADAM12S in directing early placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aghababaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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13
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Fahlbusch FB, Ruebner M, Huebner H, Volkert G, Zuern C, Thiel F, Koch M, Menendez-Castro C, Wachter DL, Hartner A, Rascher W. The tumor suppressor gastrokine-1 is expressed in placenta and contributes to the regulation of trophoblast migration. Placenta 2013; 34:1027-35. [PMID: 23993393 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrokine-1 (GKN1) is a secreted auto-/paracrine protein, described to be expressed in the gastric mucosa. In gastric cancers GKN1 expression is commonly down-regulated. While current research focusses on the exploration of tumor-suppressive properties of GKN1 with regard to its potential clinical use in the treatment of gastroenterologic tumor disease, nothing is known about GKN1 expression and function in other organ systems. We investigated GKN1 expression in placental tissue and cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS GKN1 was localized using immunohistochemistry in first and third trimester placental tissue, hydatidiform moles and various gestational trophoblastic neoplasias. We determined the expression of GKN1 in immunomagnetic bead-separated term placental cells and in choriocarcinoma cell lines. The role of GKN1 for JEG-3 migration was studied using live cell imaging. E-cadherin, MMP-2 and -9, TIMP-1 and -2, as well as urokinase (uPA) expression levels were determined. RESULTS GKN1 is expressed in healthy third trimester placentas. Its expression is specifically limited to the extravillous trophoblast (EVT). GKN1 expression is significantly reduced in choriocarcinoma cell lines and gestational trophoblastic neoplasias. GKN1 attenuates the migration of JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells in vitro, possibly via AKT-mediated induction of E-cadherin. GKN1 treatment reduced MMP-9 expression in JEG-3. DISCUSSION Besides its role in gastric physiology our results clearly indicate regulatory functions of GKN1 in the EVT at the feto-maternal interface during pregnancy. Based on our findings in the JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell line, an auto-/paracrine role of GKN1 for EVT motility and villous anchorage at the basal plate is conceivable. Thus, the tumor suppressor GKN1 is expressed in placental EVT and might contribute to the regulation of EVT migration/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Fahlbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Horka P, Malickova K, Jarosova R, Janatkova I, Zima T, Kalousova M. Matrix metalloproteinases in serum and the follicular fluid of women treated by in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:1207-12. [PMID: 23054355 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in follicular fluids and sera of female patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, and discover the role of MMPs in IVF outcome prediction. METHODS Sera and follicular fluids were obtained from 58 female patients treated for infertility by IVF. Twenty-nine of them became pregnant after the embryo-transfer; another 29 were not successful in IVF and did not conceive. Forty female non-pregnant blood donors and 38 healthy pregnant patients in the first trimester after the physiological conception were examined as control groups. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were quantitively assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IVF females successfully conceiving after the IVF have shown the highest MMP-9 concentrations in sera (833.5 {686.0;958.7} ng/mL) and follicular fluids (9.6 {6.0; 17.0} ng/mL) compared to all other examined cohorts. Different behavior of MMP-2 and MMP-9 during the artificial ovulation was confirmed, because only MMP-9 has shown a vast difference between serum and follicular concentrations. CONCLUSIONS MMP-9 could be a good predictor of the successful IVF outcome (pregnancy), which was proven for serum as well as follicular MMP-9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Horka
- General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, U nemocnice 2, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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15
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MAPK and AP-1 proteins are increased in term pre-labour fetal membranes overlying the cervix: Regulation of enzymes involved in the degradation of fetal membranes. Placenta 2011; 32:1016-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Remodeling of uterine spiral arteries by trophoblast cells is a requisite process for hemochorial placentation and successful pregnancy. The rat exhibits deep intrauterine trophoblast invasion and accompanying trophoblast-directed vascular modification. The involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), AKT, and Fos-like antigen 1 (FOSL1) in regulating invasive trophoblast and hemochorial placentation was investigated using Rcho-1 trophoblast stem cells and rat models. Disruption of PI3K/AKT with small-molecule inhibitors interfered with the differentiation-dependent elaboration of a signature invasive-vascular remodeling trophoblast gene expression profile and trophoblast invasion. AKT isoform-specific knockdown also affected the signature invasive-vascular remodeling trophoblast gene expression profile. Nuclear FOSL1 increased during trophoblast cell differentiation in a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner. Knockdown of FOSL1 disrupted the expression of a subset of genes associated with the invasive-vascular remodeling trophoblast phenotype, including the matrix metallopeptidase 9 gene (Mmp9). FOSL1 was shown to occupy regions of the Mmp9 promoter in trophoblast cells critical for the regulation of Mmp9 gene expression. Inhibition of FOSL1 expression also abrogated trophoblast invasion, as assessed in vitro and following in vivo trophoblast-specific lentivirally delivered FOSL1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). In summary, FOSL1 is a key downstream effector of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway responsible for development of trophoblast lineages integral to establishing the maternal-fetal interface.
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17
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Drewlo S, Czikk M, Baczyk D, Lye S, Kingdom J. Glial cell missing-1 mediates over-expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 in severe pre-eclamptic placental villi. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1025-34. [PMID: 21406447 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pre-eclampsia (sPE) causes significant maternal morbidity and intrauterine growth restriction as a result of severe placental dysfunction. Defects in the formation of both extra-villous and villous trophoblast are characteristic of this disease. The outer syncytiotrophoblast layer covering the placental villi develops syncytial knots and focal necrosis while reduced invasion of the extra-villous trophoblast results in a reduced maternal blood supply and ischemia of the placental villi. The transcription factor glial cell missing-1 (GCM1) regulates formation of both types of trophoblast. GCM1 expression is reduced in placental villi of women with sPE but the functional downstream consequences of reduced GCM1 expression are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In floating first trimester villous explants we demonstrated increased mRNA (2.5-fold, n = 12) and protein level (9.8-fold) of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP4) following repression of GCM1 (70 ± 7%) by small interfering-RNA, using RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Similar increases in TIMP4 mRNA (4.2-fold, n = 7, P< 0.001 versus control) and protein levels were found following gene silencing of GCM1 in BeWo cells (<90% knock down of protein). TIMP4 protein was increased in placenta from women with sPE (3.5 ± 0.4 pg/µg, n = 8), compared with preterm (1.7 ± 0.17 pg/µg, n = 9) and term controls (1.6 ± 0.16 pg/µg, n = 9; P< 0.01; quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and visualized using immunohistochemistry) with reduced GCM1 expression, mostly in the pathologic syncytial knots. CONCLUSIONS TIMP4 is a downstream target of GCM1 that may link the consequences of reduced GCM-1-directed trophoblast differentiation to histologic and functional components of disordered placentation in sPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Drewlo
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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18
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Luo J, Qiao F, Yin X. Impact of silencing MMP9 gene on the biological behaviors of trophoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:241. [PMID: 21505993 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of MMP9 gene on the biological behaviors of trophoblasts and explore the relation between MMP9 gene and the "superficial implantation of placenta". In vitro cultured trophoblasts (TEV-1 cells) were transfected with synthesized double-stranded MMP9 RNA (siRNA) by using lipofectamine2000™ technique and the expressions of MMP9 mRNA and protein and the growth and invasiveness of the TEV-1 cells were determined. Our results showed that siRNA transfection could significantly inhibit the expression of MMP9 gene in the TEV-1 cells and the growth and invasiveness of the TEV-1 cells transfected RNA was significantly reduced (P<0.01). We are led to conclude that silencing of MMP9 gene with siRNA can inhibit the growth and invasiveness of trophoblasts and increasing the expression of MMP9 might help prevent and treat preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Fuyan Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xianghua Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225001, China
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LUO J, QIAO F, YIN X. Hypoxia Induces FGF2 Production by Vascular Endothelial Cells and Alters MMP9 and TIMP1 Expression in Extravillous Trophoblasts and Their Invasiveness in a Cocultured Model. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:84-91. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianying LUO
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University
| | - Fuyuan QIAO
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xianghua YIN
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University
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Fujii H, Fujiwara H, Horie A, Sato Y, Konishi I. Ephrin A1 induces intercellular dissociation in Ishikawa cells: possible implication of the Eph-ephrin A system in human embryo implantation. Hum Reprod 2010; 26:299-306. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Koster MPHW, Heetkamp KM, Pennings JLA, de Vries A, Visser GHA, Schielen PCJI. Down syndrome screening: imagining the screening test of the future. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:445-57. [PMID: 20465499 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal screening for Down syndrome (DS) is performed by risk calculation based on biochemical and biometric parameters. This way, approximately 75-85% of all DS cases can be detected. A way to improve detection rates is to search for new screening markers. Since the majority of biomarkers used in current DS screening are predominantly produced by the placenta, and the presence of an extra chromosome (as in DS) complicates placental development and function, it is plausible to assume that new potential screening markers may also originate from the placenta. Any alterations in these markers can be attributed to abnormal placental development and function. This article focuses on normal early placental development and function compared with that in DS pregnancies. Using this knowledge, we reason towards candidate biomarkers that may be useful in screening for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P H Wendy Koster
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, NL-3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Hazan AD, Smith SD, Jones RL, Whittle W, Lye SJ, Dunk CE. Vascular-leukocyte interactions: mechanisms of human decidual spiral artery remodeling in vitro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1017-30. [PMID: 20558572 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of uterine spiral arteries is critical for healthy human pregnancy. We recently proposed a role for maternal leukocytes in decidual spiral artery remodeling and suggested that matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity contributed to the destruction of the arterial wall. In the current study we used our first trimester placental-decidual co-culture (PDC) model to define the temporal relationship and test the mechanistic aspects of this process. PDC experiments were assessed by image analysis over a six-day time-course for degree of vascular transformation and leukocyte distribution around progressively remodeled arterioles. We observed rapid transformation in PDCs associated with loss of vascular smooth muscle cells, widening of the vessel lumen, and significant accumulation of uterine Natural Killer cells and macrophages within the vascular wall (P < 0.001) before trophoblast presence in the vessel lumens. These events did not occur in decidua-only cultures. Active MMP-9 was detected in leukocytes and vascular cells of remodeling arterioles, and inhibition of MMP-2/9 activity in PDC resulted in failure of decidual vascular remodeling compared with vehicle-treated PDCs. Apoptosis of vascular cells, macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, and vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation contributed to the remodeling observed. The PDC model indicates that placental presence is required to initiate decidual spiral artery remodeling but that uterine Natural Killer cells and macrophages mediate the early stages of this process at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleah D Hazan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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High Enrichment of MMP-9 and Carboxypeptidase A by Tweezing Adsorptive Bubble Separation (TABS). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1547-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Antimetastatic activity of MONCPT in preclinical melanoma mice model. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:800-11. [PMID: 19789842 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous study demonstrated that MONCPT, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, exhibited potent anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis activity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we report the efficacy of MONCPT against the development of melanoma metastasis by an intravenous injection of green fluorescent protein-transfected mice melanoma carcinoma (B16F10-GFP) cells in C57BL/6 mice. MONCPT (2.0, 5.0 and 12.5 mg/kg/2 days) markedly decreased B16F10-GFP pulmonary metastases by 12.8%, 53.1% and 76.3%, respectively; whereas higher doses of MONCPT (31.0 mg/kg/2 days) significantly inhibited the tumor growth of B16F10 xenograft model. In the in vitro experiment, MONCPT suppressed the B16F10-GFP cell invasion and migration without affecting cell survival. Further studies demonstrated that MONCPT decreased the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and VEGF, and reduced the protein expression of HIF-1α as well as the phosphorylation level of ERK in B16F10-GFP cells. These in vivo and in vitro results indicate that MONCPT possesses both the potent antimetastatic ability and the tumor growth-inhibition activity, and the dual function promises MONCPT as a potential therapeutic agent for tumor metastasis and tumor growth of melanoma carcinoma.
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IL-24 expression at maternal-fetal interface and its roles in trophoblast invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 28:456-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-008-0418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fest S, Brachwitz N, Schumacher A, Zenclussen ML, Khan F, Wafula PO, Casalis PA, Fill S, Costa SD, Mor G, Volk HD, Lode HN, Zenclussen AC. Supporting the hypothesis of pregnancy as a tumor: survivin is upregulated in normal pregnant mice and participates in human trophoblast proliferation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2008; 59:75-83. [PMID: 18154598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Survivin, a tumor-promoting antiapoptotic molecule, is expressed in the human placenta. Here, we analyzed its expression during normal and pathological murine pregnancy and investigated its participation in human first trimester trophoblast cell survival and proliferation. METHOD OF STUDY We first analyzed the expression of survivin on the mRNA and protein level at the fetal-maternal interface of normal pregnant (CBA/J x BALB/c) and abortion-prone (CBA/J x DBA/2J) mice at different pregnancy stages by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. We also evaluated apoptosis in murine trophoblasts in both mating combinations by TUNEL technique. Functional studies were carried out by knockdown survivin by means of siRNA methodology in two human first trimester trophoblast cell lines [Swan.71 (Sw.71) and HTR8 (H8)]. RESULTS We observed a peak in mRNA levels on day 5 and a peak of protein levels on day 8 of pregnancy in both combinations. The level of survivin in animals from the abortion-prone group was decreased compared with normal pregnant mice on day 8, which was accompanied by elevated apoptosis rates. In later pregnancy stages (days 10 and 14), survivin levels decreased to levels comparable to those observed right after fecundation in both groups. Transfection of human first trimester cell lines (H8 and Sw.71) with siRNA targeting the survivin gene led to a 76-82% reduction of its expression leading to reduced trophoblast cell viability and proliferation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an important role of survivin to promote trophoblast cell survival and proliferation during placentation, thus maintaining pregnancy. The pregnancy-associated expression of a cancer molecule such as survivin supports the 'pseudo-malignancy' hypothesis of pregnancy. Our data may contribute to the better understanding of trophoblast cell development during implantation and placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fest
- Department of Paediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of perinatal materno-foetal morbidity and pregnancy-associated-mortality in industrialized countries. Clinically, PE associates maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension with proteinuria. PE is often considered as a two-stage disease. The first stage is a shallow cytotrophoblastic invasion which induces cycles of hypoxia-reoxygenation at the placental level. Subsequently an abnormal expression pattern occurs and is followed by the release of soluble factors and trophoblastic debris in the maternal blood flow. These stimuli trigger the second phase of the disease, the maternal syndrome. Although some molecular actors have been recently identified, mechanisms of the disease onset remains poorly understood. It seems that combinations of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors are involved. Here, we suggest that epigenetic marks have to be considered to decipher the physiopathological process of PE. Since these marks must be established early and are traceable in the maternal blood flow, they could constitute a diagnosis tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chelbi
- Institut Cochin, Département de Génétique et Développement, Equipe 21 Génomique et Epigénétique de la Pathologie placentaire, Paris F-75014, France
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Corthorn J, Rey S, Chacón C, Valdés G. Spatio-temporal expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and tissue kallikrein in uteroplacental units of the pregnant guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2007; 5:27. [PMID: 17605824 PMCID: PMC1934362 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-5-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling are critical to determine the fate of pregnancy. Since guinea-pigs share with women an extensive migration of the trophoblasts through the decidua and uterine arteries, and a haemomonochorial placenta, this species was used to evaluate the spatio-temporal expression of three enzymes that have been associated to trophoblast invasion, MMP-2, MMP-9 and tissue kallikrein (K1). METHODS Uteroplacental units were collected from early to term pregnancy. MMP-2, MMP-9 and K1 were analysed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by gelatin zymography. RESULTS Immunoreactive MMP-2, MMP-9 and K1 were detected in the subplacenta, interlobar and labyrinthine placenta, syncytial sprouts and syncytial streamers throughout pregnancy. In late pregnancy, perivascular or intramural trophoblasts expressed the three enzymes. The intensity of the signal in syncytial streamers was increased in mid and late pregnancy for MMP-2, decreased in late pregnancy for MMP-9, and remained stable for K1. Western blots of placental homogenates at days 20, 40 and 60 of pregnancy identified bands with the molecular weights of MMP-2, MMP-9 and K1. MMP-2 expression remained constant throughout gestation. In contrast, MMP-9 and K1 attained their highest expression during midgestation. Placental homogenates of 20, 40 and 60 days yielded bands of gelatinase activity that were compatible with MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. ProMMP-2 and MMP-9 activities did not vary along pregnancy, while MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased at 40 and 40-60 days respectively. CONCLUSION The spatio-temporal expression of MMPs and K1 supports a relevant role of these proteins in trophoblast invasion, vascular remodeling and placental angiogenesis, and suggests a functional association between K1 and MMP-9 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Corthorn
- Departamento de Nefrología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Rey
- Departamento de Nefrología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Chacón
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Valdés
- Departamento de Nefrología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhong Z, Kusznieruk KP, Popov IA, Riordan NH, Izadi H, Yijian L, Sher S, Szczurko OM, Agadjanyan MG, Tullis RH, Harandi A, Reznik BN, Mamikonyan GV, Ichim TE. Induction of antitumor immunity through xenoplacental immunization. J Transl Med 2006; 4:22. [PMID: 16725035 PMCID: PMC1482718 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically cancer vaccines have yielded suboptimal clinical results. We have developed a novel strategy for eliciting antitumor immunity based upon homology between neoplastic tissue and the developing placenta. Placenta formation shares several key processes with neoplasia, namely: angiogenesis, activation of matrix metalloproteases, and active suppression of immune function. Immune responses against xenoantigens are well known to break self-tolerance. Utilizing xenogeneic placental protein extracts as a vaccine, we have successfully induced anti-tumor immunity against B16 melanoma in C57/BL6 mice, whereas control xenogeneic extracts and B16 tumor extracts where ineffective, or actually promoted tumor growth, respectively. Furthermore, dendritic cells were able to prime tumor immunity when pulsed with the placental xenoantigens. While vaccination-induced tumor regression was abolished in mice depleted of CD4 T cells, both CD4 and CD8 cells were needed to adoptively transfer immunity to naïve mice. Supporting the role of CD8 cells in controlling tumor growth are findings that only freshly isolated CD8 cells from immunized mice were capable of inducing tumor cell caspases-3 activation ex vivo. These data suggest feasibility of using xenogeneic placental preparations as a multivalent vaccine potently targeting not just tumor antigens, but processes that are essential for tumor maintenance of malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zhong
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Igor A Popov
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Hamid Izadi
- MedVax Pharma Corp, Toronto, Canada/San Diego, USA
| | - Li Yijian
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Salman Sher
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amir Harandi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas E Ichim
- MedVax Pharma Corp, Toronto, Canada/San Diego, USA
- OncoMune LLC, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Pongcharoen S, Niumsup P, Sanguansermsri D, Supalap K, Butkhamchot P. The Effect of Interleukin-17 on the Proliferation and Invasion of JEG-3 Human Choriocarcinoma Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2006; 55:291-300. [PMID: 16533341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM As there has been a study in mice showing the expression of IL-17 by decidual cells and the status of IL-17 receptor expression in human pregnancy is not known, we hypothesized that IL-17 may regulate human trophoblast proliferation and invasion. METHOD OF STUDY JEG-3 cell line was used as a model for human trophoblast. Immunohistochemitry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to identify IL-17 receptor protein and mRNA, respectively. The effects of IL-17 on JEG-3 cell proliferation and invasion were tested using the BrdU incorporation and the Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. RESULTS IL-17 increased the invasive capacity of JEG-3 cells but had no effect on the proliferation and multinucleated formation of JEG-3 cells. CONCLUSION In this JEG-3 cell model of human trophoblast, the IL-17R and IL-17 may have a regulatory role in trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
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31
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Mahameed S, Goldman S, Gabarin D, Weiss A, Shalev E. The effect of serum from women with preeclampsia on JAR (trophoblast-like) cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:e45-50. [PMID: 16046156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathologic placentation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclamsia. We sought to assess the effect serum obtained from women with preeclampsia would have on JAR human choriocarcinoma cells regarding growth, invasiveness, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion as compared to normotensive pregnant woman. METHODS Blood was collected from 11 healthy pregnant women and from10 patients with preeclampsia at 28-33 weeks of gestation. The JAR human choriocarcinoma cell line was cultured in the presence of 10% serum obtained from each group. Cell proliferation, invasiveness, and MMP secretion was measured using a cell proliferation kit, the Matrigel (BD Biosciences, Beit-Ha'Emek, Israel) invasion assay, and gel zymography, respectively. RESULTS Cell growth increased by 6% when exposed to serum from patients with preeclampsia compared to 30% from controls (P <.01). Trophoblast invasion was significantly (P <.01) reduced in the preeclampsia group (21 +/- 1.9%) compared to controls (27 +/- 2.5%). Valid MMP-2 secretion was reduced by 51% in the preeclampsia group compared to controls (P <.05). CONCLUSION Serum obtained from women with preeclampsia contains a factor or factors that exhibit an inhibitory effect on JAR trophoblast cell proliferation, invasiveness, and MMP-2 secretion. These factors may be involved in the pathologic placentation associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Mahameed
- Laboratory for Research in Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Dominguez F, Yáñez-Mó M, Sanchez-Madrid F, Simón C. Embryonic implantation and leukocyte transendothelial migration: different processes with similar players? FASEB J 2005; 19:1056-60. [PMID: 15985528 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-3781hyp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A clear parallelism between the different steps in human embryo-endometrial apposition/adhesion/invasion and leukocyte-endothelium rolling/adhesion/extravasation can be established. During human implantation and leukocyte trafficking, a first wave of soluble mediators regulates the expression and functional activity of adhesion molecules such as L-selectin and integrins, which mediate both processes. Apical surfaces of human endometrial epithelium and endothelium are key elements for the initiation of molecular interactions to capture the blastocyst or leukocyte, respectively. Subsequently, the blastocyst and the leukocyte migrate through the epithelium and endothelium toward their final destination, the endometrial stroma, to initiate placentation or the inflammatory foci as part of the immune response. Similarities between the intermediate molecular mechanisms of these two physiologically unrelated processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dominguez
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad Foundation (FIVI), Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
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33
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Emiliani S, Delbaere A, Devreker F, Englert Y. Embryo-maternal interactive factors regulating the implantation process: implications in assisted reproductive. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 10:527-40. [PMID: 15901462 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The embryo-maternal dialogue that starts very early in the life of the embryo is crucial for its own implantation. A disturbance in this dialogue is the major reason for which 60% of all pregnancies are terminated at the end of the periimplantation period. Many studies have been performed to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this dialogue. Both partners, the mother and the embryo, are equally involved in this exchange of signals. Much progress has been done in understanding the role of (i) chorionic gonadotrophin, (ii) growth factors and cytokines, and (iii) steroid hormones and other mediators, produced either by the embryo, by the mother, or by both, during the peri-implantation period. Today it is clear that their production dictates changes in the endometrium, in the immunological system of the mother and in embryo metabolism, that enable the embryo to implant. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the embryo-maternal interaction are reviewed in this article.
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Thirkill TL, Lowe K, Vedagiri H, Blankenship TN, Barakat AI, Douglas GC. Macaque trophoblast migration is regulated by RANTES. Exp Cell Res 2005; 305:355-64. [PMID: 15817160 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In human and non-human primates, migratory trophoblasts penetrate the uterine epithelium, invade the endometrium, enter the uterine vasculature, and migrate within the arteries. The mechanisms that regulate this directional migration are unknown. We have used early gestation macaque trophoblasts to test the hypothesis that trophoblast migration is regulated by the chemokine, Regulated on Activation T-Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES). Immunohistochemical analysis of cryosections of endometrial tissue showed expression of RANTES by stromal cells and vascular cells. Isolated endothelial cells expressed RANTES as determined by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR analyses. Immunohistochemical analysis of endometrial cryosections showed that the RANTES receptor, CCR5, was expressed by trophoblasts on anchoring villi and by cells within the trophoblastic shell. Cytokeratin-positive/CCR5-positive cells, consistent with trophoblasts, were also found scattered within the stroma and were often clustered around blood vessels. Isolated trophoblast cells expressed CCR5 as determined by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR analyses. Isolated trophoblasts migrated towards RANTES when cultured in migration chambers and migration was reduced in the presence of anti-CCR5 antibody. When trophoblasts were cultured on dishes coated with recombinant RANTES, expression of beta1 integrin was increased. The RANTES-induced increase in beta1 integrin expression was inhibited by pertussis toxin. These data suggest a role for RANTES and CCR5 in the regulation of trophoblast migration within the endometrium and within the uterine vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twanda L Thirkill
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tupper Hall, One Shields Ave University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8643, USA
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35
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Seval Y, Akkoyunlu G, Demir R, Asar M. Distribution patterns of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in the human decidua during early pregnancy. Acta Histochem 2005; 106:353-62. [PMID: 15530550 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Early human trophoblast shows dramatic invasive properties during early pregnancy. A tightly-regulated activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is considered to be of critical importance for the control of trophoblast invasion. The aim of the present study was to determine MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein expression in decidual endometrium during the first trimester of pregnancy (22-42 days post coitus) with special attention to their expression patterns in endometrial compartments. Cytokeratin staining applied to adjacent sections was used to identify epithelial and trophoblast cells. We observed that MMP-2, particularly in the fourth week, appeared to be expressed more strongly in extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) and vascular endothelial cells in the first trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, MMP-2 is likely to be the primary mediator in invasion of the trophoblast into the decidual endometrium, as well as in vascular remodeling and angiogenesis in the first trimester of pregnancy. The high expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in EVTs and glandular epithelium suggests that a restricted and balanced expression of these molecules is important for matrix remodeling and controlled trophoblast invasion during placentation. We conclude that (1) MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 determine the invasive behavior of trophoblast into the endometrium, and in particular, (2) MMP-2 may be the key regulator of trophoblast invasion in early human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Seval
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Akdeniz, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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36
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Huang SC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY, Lin JK. Carnosol inhibits the invasion of B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells by suppressing metalloproteinase-9 through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB and c-Jun. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69:221-32. [PMID: 15627474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carnosol, a constant constituent of Rosmarinus officinalis extracts, is a phenolic diterpene shown to have antioxidant and anticarcinogen properties. In our studies, carnosol inhibited the invasion of highly metastatic mouse melanoma B16/F10 cells in vitro. First, the antimetastatic potentials of carnosol were examined by soft agar colony formation assay. Second, carnosol dose-dependently inhibited B16/F10 cell migration and invasion by in vitro transwell assay. Third, the decreasing activity of metalloproteinase was observed by zymographic assay. The result revealed that the treatment of carnosol could diminish the activity of MMP-9 more than MMP-2. Next, we analyzed the amounts of MMP-9 and MMP-2 proteins in the cells. The data indicated MMP-9 protein was also suppressed by carnosol in the same manner. In accordance with the above data, the results of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed a reduced level of MMP-9 mRNA. Furthermore, carnosol significantly inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, AKT, p38, JNK and inhibition of activation of transcription factors NFkappa-B and c-Jun. These results lead us to conclude that carnosol could restrict the invasive ability of B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells by reducing MMP-9 expression and activity through suppressing (ERK) 1/2, AKT, p38, and JNK signaling pathway and inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding activity. Taken together, these results indicate that carnosol targets MMP-mediated cellular events in cancer cells and provides a new mechanism for its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Chen Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-ai Road Taipei 10018, Taiwan
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Qiu Q, Yang M, Tsang BK, Gruslin A. EGF-induced trophoblast secretion of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 involves activation of both PI3K and MAPK signalling pathways. Reproduction 2004; 128:355-63. [PMID: 15333786 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is present in the maternal-fetal environment and has an important role in placental development. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression/activation is a pre-requisite in extravillous trophoblast invasion. Whereas EGF up-regulates MMP-9 activity in a variety of cell types, there is no direct evidence for the stimulation of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) secretion by EGF in extravillous trophoblasts. In addition, the signalling pathways involved in this regulation are not clear. In the present study, we have examined the possible involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the regulation of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 system by EGF in vitro. We used a well-established invasive extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR8/Svneo) and measured gene and protein expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western analysis respectively. MMP activity was determined by zymography. We showed for the first time that EGF activated both PI3K/Akt and MAPK/extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in HTR8/SVneo, and increased both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNAs and protein concentrations. Interfering with either signalling pathway via PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or MEK inhibitor U0126 in EGF-stimulated HTR8/SVneo cells blocked the induction of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. LY294002 inhibited Akt phosphorylation, but had no effect on ERK phosphorylation; U0126 suppressed ERK phosphorylation without interfering with the phosphorylation of Akt. In addition, expression of constitutively active Akt (Myr-Akt1, Myr-Akt2, Myr-Akt3) was not sufficient to induce proMMP-9 and TIMP-1 secretion. Our results suggest that the activation of both PI3K and MAPK pathways in extravillous trophoblasts is necessary for the up-regulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression by EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Qiu
- Hormones, Growth and Development Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
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38
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Karmakar S, Dhar R, Das C. Inhibition of Cytotrophoblastic (JEG-3) Cell Invasion by Interleukin 12 Involves an Interferon γ-mediated Pathway. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:55297-307. [PMID: 15448160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407013200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast invasion, like tumor invasion, shares common biochemical mechanisms. However, in contrast to tumor invasion of a host tissue, trophoblastic invasion during implantation is strictly regulated, temporospatially. Factors responsible for these important regulatory processes are presently unknown; however, studies indicate that cytokines and growth factors represent in the peri-implantation uterine milieu as the possible candidates. In this study we investigated the role of interleukin (IL) 12 in regulating trophoblast invasion and the expression of trophoblast proteases (matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activators) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease (TIMP) 1, TIMP-2, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1) using an in vitro tissue culture system of human choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3. Our major findings show an anti-invasive role of IL-12, associated with an inhibitory effect on the proteases but with an opposite up-regulating influence on the protease inhibitor, TIMP-1, whereas TIMP-2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 remained unaltered. Stimulation of JEG-3 cells with IL-12 also induced interferon (IFN)-gamma production, which when neutralized using a monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibody, F12, abrogates its ability to down-regulate the MMPs. IL-12 also mediates an IFN-gamma-dependent up-regulation of E-cadherin, thereby implying that alteration in cell-cell adhesion besides regulating the proteases and the inhibitors possibly contributes to the observed anti-invasive role of this cytokine. TIMP-1, although stimulated by IL-12, was found to be unaltered by antibody F12, thereby implying a possibility of an IL-12-dependent-IFN-gamma independent regulation. These findings thereby suggest an important role of IL-12 in modulation of trophoblast proteases and their inhibitors besides regulating cell-cell interactions and invasion during implantation, with far reaching possibilities for understanding the mechanism(s) and regulations of invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India.
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Abstract
Implantation is a phenomenon that involves an interaction between the embryo and maternal endometrium. There is, in the menstrual cycle, a short and precise period of time in which the maternal-embryonic interaction is optimal and culminates with adhesion and invasion of the blastocyst into the progesterone-induced secretory endometrium. This period is called nidation or implantation window. In the implantation window changes occur in endometrial epithelial morphology, characterized by the appearance of membrane projections called pinopodes. Pinopodes are progesterone-dependent organelles, that look like apical cellular protrusions appearing between days 20 and 21 of the natural menstrual cycle. There are many factors that regulate the changes typical of the implantation window and the appearance of the pinopodes. The embryonic and maternal expression of growth factors and cytokines, calcitonin, HOX genes and cell adhesion molecules might all play a major role in the phenomenon of implantation. The cytokines function as chemical messengers and can serve as biomarkers of uterine receptivity. Understanding the function of these biomarkers and their role in determining the implantation window in women, will help us to diagnose and treat infertile couples more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cavagna
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Santo Amaro University (UNISA) School of Medicine, Rua Viradouro 58, 04538-110 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Transmembrane proteases (TPs) are proteins anchored in the plasma membrane with their catalytic site exposed to the external surface of the membrane. TPs are widely expressed, and their dysregulated expression is associated with cancer, infection, inflammation, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, all diseases where angiogenesis is part of the pathology. TPs participate in extracellular proteolysis (degradation of extracellular matrix components, regulation of chemokine activity, release of membrane-anchored cytokines, cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules) and influence cell functions (growth, secretion of angiogenic molecules, motility). Recent attention has been focused on the ADAM-17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)/TACE/CD156q, the MT1-MMP (membrane-type-1 matrix metallo proteinase)/MMP-14, and the ectopeptidases aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE/CD143), that appear to have a critical role in angiogenesis. This article summarizes current knowledge on these TPs, and reviews recent investigations that document their participation during angiogenic-related events. Through their multiple roles, TPs may thereby provide critical links in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Brigitte Bauvois, Unité 507 INSERM, Hôpital Necker, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 161 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
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