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Souza MR, Brito ECB, Furtado LS, Barco VS, Cruz LLD, Moraes-Souza RQ, Monteiro GC, Lima GPP, Damasceno DC, Volpato GT. Maternal-fetal toxicity of Strychnos pseudoquina extract treatment during pregnancy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116459. [PMID: 37023837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants and herbs have been used by women throughout history for therapeutic purposes. Strychnos pseudoquina, a plant used in the treatment of various diseases, can also function as an abortive herb. There is no scientific confirmation of its effects during pregnancy, and the activity of this plant needs to be substantiated or refuted with experimental evidence. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluating the effect of the S. pseudoquina aqueous extract on maternal reproductive toxicity and fetal development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extract of S. pseudoquina bark was evaluated in Wistar rats. Pregnant rats were distributed into four experimental groups (n = 12 rats/group): Control = treated with water (vehicle); Treated 75, Treated 150, and Treated 300 = treated with S. pseudoquina at dose 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. The rats were treated by an intragastric route (gavage) from day 0 to day 21 of pregnancy. At the end of pregnancy, maternal reproductive outcomes, organs, biochemical and hematological profiles, fetuses, and placentas were analyzed. Maternal toxicity was evaluated through body weight gain, water, and food intake. With knowledge of the harmful dosage of the plant, other rats were used on gestational day 4 for the evaluation of morphological analyses before embryo implantation. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The S. pseudoquina treatment showed elevated liver enzymatic activities. The Treated 300 group presented toxicity with reduced maternal body weight, water and food intake, and increased kidney relative weight compared to those of the Control group. At a high dosage, the plant presents an abortifacient activity, confirmed by embryo losses before and after implantation and degenerated blastocysts. In addition, the treatment contributed to an increased percentage of fetal visceral anomalies, decreased ossification sites, and intrauterine growth restriction (300 mg/kg dose). CONCLUSION In general, our study showed that an aqueous extract of S. pseudoquina bark caused significant abortifacient activity that testified to its traditional use. Furthermore, the S. pseudoquina extract caused maternal toxicity that contributed to impaired embryofetal development. Therefore, the use of this plant should be completely avoided during pregnancy to prevent unintended abortion and risks to maternal-fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Rocha Souza
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso - Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Caroline Barbosa Brito
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso - Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Linne Stephane Furtado
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso - Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Soares Barco
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lopes da Cruz
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso - Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes-Souza
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso - Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gean Charles Monteiro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso - Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil.
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Yu Y, Li Q, Zeng X, Xu Y, Jin K, Liu J, Cao G. Effects of Probiotics on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Functions, Immune Responses, and Caecal Microbiota of Broilers Challenged by Lipopolysaccharide. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846649. [PMID: 35265699 PMCID: PMC8899207 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on broilers challenged by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One-day-old Cobb 500 chicks (360) were divided randomly into three treatment groups for 47 days: no supplementation (control, CON), B. coagulans supplementation (BC), and L. plantarum supplementation (LA). Broilers were routinely fed for 42 days and intraperitoneally injected with 500 μg LPS per kg body weight at 43, 45, and 47 days of age, respectively. Samples were collected 3 h after the last injection. At 1-21 days of age, the ADG in the BC and LA groups was higher than that in the CON group, and the feed to gain ratio (F/G) in the BC group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with that in CON birds, the ADG was increased and the F/G was decreased in the BC and LA birds at 22-42 and 1-42 days of age, respectively (P < 0.05). After LPS stimulation, the endotoxin (ET), diamine oxidase (DAO), and D-lactic acid (D-LA) levels in the BC group were lower than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). The IgY, IgA, and IgM contents in the BC group and the IgY and IgM contents in the LA group were higher than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory factor and interferon-β (IFN-β) contents (P < 0.05) decreased, and the anti-inflammatory factor content in the serum (P < 0.05) increased in the BC and LA groups. Compared with the CON and LA treatments, the BC treatment increased the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and decreased that of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). In contrast with the CON treatment, the BC and LA treatments increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and reduced that of Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05). Moreover, BC increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Overall, supplementation with B. coagulans and L. plantarum promoted the growth of broilers, improved their immunity and antioxidant capacity, and alleviated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response by regulating the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Health Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Ani-mal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Health Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Ani-mal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinfu Zeng
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Health Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Ani-mal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kan Jin
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Torres Filho IP, Torres LN, Barraza D, Williams CE, Hildreth K. Cellular and Biochemical Effects of Combined X-Ray Radiation and Storage on Whole Blood. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258211073100. [PMID: 35110978 PMCID: PMC8801673 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211073100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluating the impact of ionizing radiation on stored blood is relevant since blood banks are major assets in emergency conditions such as radiation incident/attack. This study aimed to fill our knowledge gap of combined radiation and storage effects on blood. Methods Blood collected from 16 anesthetized rats was anticoagulated, aliquoted into storage bags, and assigned to 8 groups using protocols combining storage (1-day vs 3-day 4oC) plus irradiation (75 Gy vs 0 Gy - control). Bags were positioned inside an X-ray irradiator (MultiRad-350). Complete blood count, differential white blood cell count, biochemistry, and hemostasis were analyzed (≥7 bags/group). Results Na+, bicarbonate, glucose, and pH significantly reduced, while K+, Cl−, and lactate increased by storage. Coagulation measures were not significantly altered after radiation. White blood cell count and most cell types were numerically reduced after radiation, but changes were statistically significant only for monocytes. No significant alterations were noted in aggregation or rotational thromboelastometry parameters between irradiated and control. Conclusions Evaluating cellular/biochemical parameters aids in assessing stored blood adequacy after radiation. Data suggest that fresh or cold-stored blood can sustain up to 75 Gy without major critical parameter changes and may remain suitable for use in critically ill patients in military/civilian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo P. Torres Filho
- Hemorrhage and Edema Control, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luciana N. Torres
- Hemorrhage and Edema Control, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Barraza
- Hemorrhage and Edema Control, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charnae E. Williams
- Hemorrhage and Edema Control, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kim Hildreth
- Hemorrhage and Edema Control, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
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Park JH, Sureshkumar S, Kim IH. Effects of dietary lysozyme supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbiota, and blood profiles of weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:501-509. [PMID: 34189500 PMCID: PMC8204002 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this was evaluate the efficacy of lysozyme on growth performance,
nutrient digestibility, excreta microflora population, and blood profiles of
weanling pigs under Escherichia coli (E. coli)
challenge. A total of 30 piglets weaned at 25 days, 7.46 kg body weight, were
assigned to three dietary treatments, composed of five replications, two piglets
per replication, for 7 days. The dietary treatment groups were negative control
(NC; without antibiotics and lysozyme), positive control (PC; NC + antibiotics),
lysozyme (NC + 0.1% lysozyme). All piglets were challenged orally with 6 ml
suspension, containing E. coli K88 (2 × 109
CFU/mL). Dietary supplementation with lysozyme and PC resulted in no significant
differences in average daily gain and gain to feed efficiency. Weanling pigs fed
with E. coli challenge with lysozyme and PC treatments had
significantly enhanced nutrient retentions of dry matter and energy
(p < 0.05); however, there was a tendency to
increase nitrogen digestibility. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of lysozyme and
antibiotics treatment groups had a beneficial effect on excreta, ileal, and
cecal of the fecal microbial population as decreased E. coli
(p < 0.05) counts, without effects on
lactobacillus counts. A significant effect were observed on
a white blood cells, epinephrine and cortisol concentrations were reduced in
piglets fed diets containing E. coli challenge with lysozyme
and antibiotics supplementation comparison with the NC group. Therefore, the
present data indicate that lysozyme in diet could ameliorate the experimental
stress response induced by E. coli in piglets by decreasing
intestinal E. coli, white blood cells and stress hormones and
improving nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | | | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Snow SJ, Henriquez AR, Thompson LC, Fisher C, Schladweiler MC, Wood CE, Kodavanti UP. Pulmonary and vascular effects of acute ozone exposure in diabetic rats fed an atherogenic diet. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 415:115430. [PMID: 33524446 PMCID: PMC8086743 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants may increase risk for cardiopulmonary disease, particularly in susceptible populations with metabolic stressors such as diabetes and unhealthy diet. We investigated effects of inhaled ozone exposure and high-cholesterol diet (HCD) in healthy Wistar and Wistar-derived Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes. Male rats (4-week old) were fed normal diet (ND) or HCD for 12 weeks and then exposed to filtered air or 1.0 ppm ozone (6 h/day) for 1 or 2 days. We examined pulmonary, vascular, hematology, and inflammatory responses after each exposure plus an 18-h recovery period. In both strains, ozone induced acute bronchiolar epithelial necrosis and inflammation on histopathology and pulmonary protein leakage and neutrophilia; the protein leakage was more rapid and persistent in GK compared to Wistar rats. Ozone also decreased lymphocytes after day 1 in both strains consuming ND (~50%), while HCD increased circulating leukocytes. Ozone increased plasma thrombin/antithrombin complexes and platelet disaggregation in Wistar rats on HCD and exacerbated diet effects on serum IFN-γ, IL-6, KC-GRO, IL-13, and TNF-α, which were higher with HCD (Wistar>GK). Ex vivo aortic contractility to phenylephrine was lower in GK versus Wistar rats at baseline(~30%); ozone enhanced this effect in Wistar rats on ND. GK rats on HCD had higher aortic e-NOS and tPA expression compared to Wistar rats. Ozone increased e-NOS in GK rats on ND (~3-fold) and Wistar rats on HCD (~2-fold). These findings demonstrate ways in which underlying diabetes and HCD may exacerbate pulmonary, systemic, and vascular effects of inhaled pollutants.
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MESH Headings
- Air Pollutants/toxicity
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Cholesterol, Dietary/metabolism
- Cholesterol, Dietary/toxicity
- Cytokines/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diet, Atherogenic/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Inhalation Exposure
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Injury/blood
- Lung Injury/chemically induced
- Lung Injury/pathology
- Male
- Necrosis
- Ozone/toxicity
- Pulmonary Edema/blood
- Pulmonary Edema/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Edema/pathology
- Rats, Wistar
- Vascular Diseases/blood
- Vascular Diseases/chemically induced
- Vascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Cynthia Fisher
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Charles E Wood
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States.
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Effects of Gestational Inflammation with Postpartum Enriched Environment on Age-Related Changes in Cognition and Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity-Related Proteins. Neural Plast 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/9082945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that exposure to inflammation during pregnancy intensifies the offspring’s cognitive impairment during aging, which might be correlated with changes in some synaptic plasticity-related proteins. In addition, an enriched environment (EE) can significantly exert a beneficial impact on cognition and synaptic plasticity. However, it is unclear whether gestational inflammation combined with postnatal EE affects the changes in cognition and synaptic plasticity-related proteins during aging. In this study, pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 50 μg/kg) or normal saline at days 15–17 of pregnancy. At 21 days after delivery, some LPS-treated mice were randomly selected for EE treatment. At the age of 6 and 18 months, Morris water maze (MWM) and western blotting were, respectively, used to evaluate or measure the ability of spatial learning and memory and the levels of postsynaptic plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus, including postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 subunit, and Homer-1b/c. The results showed that 18-month-old control mice had worse spatial learning and memory and lower levels of these synaptic plasticity-related proteins (PSD-95, GluA1, and Homer-1b/c) than the 6-month-old controls. Gestational LPS exposure exacerbated these age-related changes of cognition and synaptic proteins, but EE could alleviate the treatment effect of LPS. In addition, the performance during learning and memory periods in the MWM correlated with the hippocampal levels of PSD-95, GluA1, and Homer-1b/c. Our results suggested that gestational inflammation accelerated age-related cognitive impairment and the decline of PSD-95, GluA1, and Homer-1b/c protein expression, and postpartum EE could alleviate these changes.
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Francis WR, Ireland RE, Spear AM, Jenner D, Watts SA, Kirkman E, Pallister I. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Hematopoietic Populations in Rat Bone Marrow. Impact of Trauma and Hemorrhagic Shock. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1167-1177. [PMID: 31595661 PMCID: PMC6900111 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe injury and hemorrhagic shock (HS) result in multiple changes to hematopoietic differentiation, which contribute to the development of immunosuppression and multiple organ failure (MOF). Understanding the changes that take place during the acute injury phase may help predict which patients will develop MOF and provide potential targets for therapy. Obtaining bone marrow from humans during the acute injury phase is difficult so published data are largely derived from peripheral blood samples, which infer bone marrow changes that reflect the sustained inflammatory response. This preliminary and opportunistic study investigated leucopoietic changes in rat bone marrow 6 h following traumatic injury and HS. Terminally anesthetized male Porton Wistar rats were allocated randomly to receive a sham operation (cannulation with no injury) or femoral fracture and HS. Bone marrow cells were flushed from rat femurs and immunophenotypically stained with specific antibody panels for lymphoid (CD45R, CD127, CD90, and IgM) or myeloid (CD11b, CD45, and RP-1) lineages. Subsequently, cell populations were fluorescence-activated cell sorted for morphological assessment. Stage-specific cell populations were identified using a limited number of antibodies, and leucopoietic changes were determined 6 h following trauma and HS. Myeloid subpopulations could be identified by varying levels CD11b expression, CD45, and RP-1. Trauma and HS resulted in a significant reduction in total CD11b + myeloid cells including both immature (RP-1(-)) and mature (RP-1+) granulocytes. Multiple B-cell lymphoid subsets were identified. The total percentage of CD90+ subsets remained unchanged following trauma and HS, but there was a reduction in the numbers of maturing CD90(-) cells suggesting movement into the periphery. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel E Ireland
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, England, UK
| | - Abigail M Spear
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, England, UK
| | - Dominic Jenner
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, England, UK
| | - Sarah A Watts
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, England, UK
| | - Emrys Kirkman
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, England, UK
| | - Ian Pallister
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Wales, UK.,Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, UK
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Effects of Repeated Lipopolysaccharide Treatment on Growth Performance, Immune Organ Index, and Blood Parameters of Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Vet Res 2018; 62:341-346. [PMID: 30584614 PMCID: PMC6295989 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study was designed to investigate the effects of repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on growth performance, lymphoid organ indexes, and blood cells in Sprague-Dawley rats. Material and Methods Forty healthy weaned Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly equally divided into LPS and control groups. Each rat in the LPS group was injected via the caudal vein with LPS (100 μg/kg b.w.) for 10 days, and the control group was treated with an equal volume of normal saline. On the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th days, growth performance, lymphoid organ indexes, and blood cells were evaluated in five necropsied rats. Results When rats were treated 3–10 times with LPS, their body weight and average daily gains increased more slowly than in the control group (P < 0.05). Repeated LPS treatment significantly increased spleen weight and the ratio of spleen to body weight (P < 0.05). White blood cells, neutrophils, and neutrophil percentage increased (P < 0.05) remarkably, but lymphocyte percentage, haemoglobin, and blood platelet counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion LPS treatment obviously suppresses growth and promotes peripheral immune organ proliferation. It is indicated that host protective mechanism can be activated by multiple small doses of LPS and prevents organs from further damage during stress status.
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Li XY, Wang F, Chen GH, Li XW, Yang QG, Cao L, Yan WW. Inflammatory insult during pregnancy accelerates age-related behavioral and neurobiochemical changes in CD-1 mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:59. [PMID: 27194408 PMCID: PMC5005951 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Data shows that inflammation during pregnancy significantly exerts a long-term influence on offspring, such as increasing the risk of adult cognition decline in animals. However, it is unclear whether gestational inflammation affects the neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical outcomes in the mother-self during aging. In this study, pregnant CD-1 mice intraperitoneally received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in two doses (25 and 50 g/kg, respectively) or normal saline daily during gestational days 15-17. At the age of 15 months, a battery of behavioral tasks was employed to evaluate their species-typical behaviors, sensorimotor ability, anxiety levels, and spatial learning and memory abilities. An immunohistochemical method was utilized preliminarily to detect neurobiochemical indicators consisting of amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau, presynaptic proteins synaptotagmin-1 and syntaxin-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histone-4 acetylation on the K8 site (H4K8ac). The behavioral results showed that LPS exposure during pregnancy exacerbated a decline in 15-month-old CD-1 mice's abilities to nest, their sensorimotor and spatial learning and memory capabilities, and increased their anxiety levels. The neurobiochemical results indicated that gestational LPS exposure also intensified age-related hippocampal changes, including increased amyloid-β42, phosphorylated tau, synaptotagmin-1 and GFAP, and decreased syntaxin-1 and H4K8ac. Our results suggested that the inflammatory insult during pregnancy could be an important risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease, and the H4K8 acetylation might play an important role in the underlying mechanism. This study offers a perspective for improving strategies that support healthy development and successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and the Center of Anhui Province in Psychologic Medicine, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Gang Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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Gillespie SL, Porter K, Christian LM. Adaptation of the inflammatory immune response across pregnancy and postpartum in Black and White women. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 114:27-31. [PMID: 26895093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a period of considerable physiological adaption in neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, as well as immune function. Understanding of typical changes in inflammatory immune responses during healthy pregnancy is incomplete. In addition, despite considerable racial difference in adverse pregnancy outcomes, data are lacking on potential racial differences in such adaptation. This repeated measures prospective cohort study included 37 Black and 39 White women who provided blood samples during early, mid-, and late pregnancy and 8-10 weeks postpartum. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24h and supernatants assayed by electrochemiluminescence to quantify interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 production. While no changes were observed in IL-8 production over time, significant increases in IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β production were observed from early to late pregnancy, with subsequent declines approaching early pregnancy values at postpartum (ps<0.05). Overall, inflammatory response patterns were highly similar among Black versus White women. However, Black women had greater TNF-α production during mid-pregnancy (p=0.002) and marginally lower IL-1β production at postpartum (p=0.054). These data show a clear trajectory of change in the inflammatory immune response across pregnancy and postpartum. In this cohort of generally healthy women, Black and White women exhibited minimal differences in LPS-stimulated cytokine production across the perinatal period. Future prospective studies in Black and White women with healthy versus adverse outcomes (e.g., preeclampsia, preterm birth) would inform our understanding of the potential role of immune dysregulation in pregnant women and in relation to racial disparities in perinatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Porter
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
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11
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Kunnen A, van Pampus MG, Aarnoudse JG, van der Schans CP, Abbas F, Faas MM. The effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on pregnancy in the rat. Oral Dis 2013; 20:591-601. [PMID: 24112943 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis, mostly associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, has frequently been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We therefore investigated whether lipopolysaccharides of P. gingivalis (Pg-LPS) induced pregnancy complications in the rat. METHODS Experiment 1: pregnant rats (day 14) received increasing Pg-LPS doses (0.0-50.0 μg kg(-1) bw; n = 2/3 p per dose). Maternal intra-aortic blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion, placental and foetal weight and foetal resorptions were documented. Experiment 2: 10.0 μg kg(-1) bw (which induced the highest blood pressure together with decreased foetal weight in experiment 1) or saline was infused in pregnant and non-pregnant rats (n = 7/9 p per group). Parameters of experiment 1 and numbers of peripheral leucocytes as well as signs of inflammation in the kidney and placenta were evaluated. RESULTS Pg-LPS infusion in pregnant rats increased maternal systolic blood pressure, reduced placental weight (dose dependently) and decreased foetal weight and induced foetal resorptions. It, however, did not induce proteinuria or a generalised inflammatory response. No effects of Pg-LPS were seen in non-pregnant rats. CONCLUSION Pg-LPS increased maternal blood pressure, induced placental and foetal growth restriction, and increased foetal resorptions, without inducing proteinuria and inflammation. Pg-LPS may therefore play a role in pregnancy complications induced by periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kunnen
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; School of Health Care Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Abdelfatah-Hassan A, Almería S, Serrano B, de Sousa N, Beckers J, López-Gatius F. The inseminating bull and plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) levels were related to peripheral leukocyte counts during the late pregnancy/early postpartum period in high-producing dairy cows. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1390-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Faas MM, Eenling R, van der Schaaf G, Moes H, Heineman MJ, Vos P. Cytokine production of in vitro stimulated peripheral lymphocytes during the course of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 55:282-90. [PMID: 16533340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2005.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Does maternal lymphocyte cytokine production after in vitro stimulation vary with the stage of pregnancy in the rat? METHOD OF STUDY Blood samples were taken during the estrus cycle in rats (n = 11). Thereafter, rats were rendered pregnant (n = 6) or pseudopregnant (n = 5) and blood samples were taken at days 4, 8, 11, 15, and 20 of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. White blood cell (WBC) count was measured and whole blood was stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore; interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production as well as (sub)populations of lymphocytes were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS We observed an increase of WBC in the second week of pregnancy and a slowly decreasing percentage of lymphocytes during the course of pregnancy. The percentage IFNgamma producing T-lymphocytes after in vitro stimulation was increased during pregnancy (for Th-lymphocytes only in the second week of pregnancy, for Tc-lymphocytes at all days). This increased IFNgamma production in pregnant T-lymphocytes was accompanied by an increase during pseudopregnancy, and therefore may result from increased sex hormone concentrations. The percentage IFNgamma producing natural killer (NK) cells after in vitro stimulation was decreased on day 20 of pregnancy. No effect of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy was seen on percentage IL-4 producing lymphocytes after in vitro stimulation. CONCLUSION In the rat the IFNgamma production after in vitro stimulation varies during pregnancy and is increased, rather than decreased, during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Faas
- Transplantation Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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O'Mahony SM, Myint AM, van den Hove D, Desbonnet L, Steinbusch H, Leonard BE. Gestational stress leads to depressive-like behavioural and immunological changes in the rat. Neuroimmunomodulation 2006; 13:82-8. [PMID: 17033197 DOI: 10.1159/000096090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress during pregnancy, gestational stress, can increase the chance of developing postpartum depression, which is estimated to occur in 10% of women. Since major depression is accompanied by an activation of the inflammatory response system, the aim of this study was to investigate if stress during pregnancy induces postpartum depressive-like behaviour, and if so, is it accompanied by activation of the inflammatory response system in female Fisher rats. We investigated the effect of gestational stress on the production of depressive-like behaviour in the rats. The pregnant dams underwent daily restraint stress (for 1 week, 3 times/day) or were left undisturbed (control). On postpartum day 22, the rats were introduced to the forced swim test (pre-test). On postpartum days 23 and 24 (test days), the immobility time was measured. Gestational stress significantly elevated immobility scores by 35-40% above the control values on both test days, which suggests that the stressed group displayed postpartum depressive-like behaviour. The concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in stimulated whole-blood culture were also analysed. The stressed group showed higher levels of all three cytokines. No significant differences in the cytokine concentrations were detected in the hypothalamus, hippocampus or pre-frontal cortex.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Depression, Postpartum/immunology
- Depression, Postpartum/physiopathology
- Depression, Postpartum/psychology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Inflammation Mediators/immunology
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/blood
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology
- Pregnancy Complications/psychology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Restraint, Physical
- Stress, Physiological/immunology
- Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
- Stress, Physiological/psychology
- Swimming/physiology
- Swimming/psychology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhain M O'Mahony
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Faas MM, Bouman A, Veenstra van Nieuwenhoven AL, van der Schaaf G, Moes H, Heineman MJ, de Vos P. Species differences in the effect of pregnancy on lymphocyte cytokine production between human and rat. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:946-53. [PMID: 16033813 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0405186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated whether lymphocyte cytokine production during human and rat pregnancy shifts toward T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine production. Therefore, blood samples were taken during the follicular and luteal phase and during pregnancy in rats and humans. Whole blood was ex vivo-stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore and intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-4 production, and the percentage of cells in the various lymphocyte populations was measured using flow cytometry. Rats and humans adapted their immune responses to pregnancy but have different strategies: During human pregnancy, the percentage of lymphocytes producing IFN-gamma was decreased, and the percentage IL-4-producing lymphocytes was not affected. The rat adapts its immune response to pregnancy by decreasing the total number of the various lymphocyte populations, and the percentage of IFN-gamma- or IL-4-producing lymphocytes was not affected or increased (% IFN-gamma-producing cytotoxic lymphocytes). It is speculated that during rat pregnancy, there is no need to decrease the number of IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes, as in nonpregnant rats, the total number of IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes after stimulation is relatively low, and there is no necessity for a further decrease. In nonpregnant humans, the percentage IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes is much higher and probably dangerous for pregnancy, and therefore, this percentage needs to decrease during pregnancy. In conclusion, although the data from humans concur with the Th1/Th2 paradigm, the data from rats do not concur with this paradigm. The present studies therefore challenge the classical Th1/Th2 paradigm during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Carstensen L, Røntved CM, Nielsen JP. Determination of tumor necrosis factor-α responsiveness in piglets around weaning using an ex vivo whole blood stimulation assay. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 105:59-66. [PMID: 15797475 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo whole blood stimulation with endotoxin has proved to be a useful method for quantitative evaluations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) response ability in humans. In the present study, a dose- and time-response study was carried out in order to develop an ex vivo whole blood stimulation assay for the quantification of TNF-alpha production in pigs. The TNF-alpha response was enhanced with increasing endotoxin stimulation dose. The maximum TNF-alpha response occurred after 2-8 h of stimulation. Subsequently, the assay was used to evaluate the TNF-alpha response in pigs (n=32) in relation to weaning. The TNF-alpha response was 332 pg ml(-1) (+/-59 pg) plasma 2 days before weaning and 127 pg ml(-1) (+/-23 pg) plasma 2 days after weaning, which was a significant reduction (p<0.001). Total and differential counts of leucocytes were the same before and after weaning. Thus the lower TNF-alpha response may be due to reduced monocyte responsiveness to the endotoxin, rather than caused by a reduction in monocyte numbers. The reduced TNF-alpha response in piglets after weaning may be a factor of importance to the increased disease susceptibility seen in piglets in this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Carstensen
- Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DIAS), Department of Animal Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Stefanski V, Raabe C, Schulte M. Pregnancy and social stress in female rats: Influences on blood leukocytes and corticosterone concentrations. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 162:81-8. [PMID: 15833362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of pregnancy and social stress on blood immune cells and on plasma corticosterone concentrations were assessed in Long Evans rats. Normal pregnancy in control females was characterized by a progressive increase in corticosterone concentration and increasing numbers of granulocytes. In contrast, CD4 T, CD8 T, and B cell numbers as well as the proliferative response of lymphocytes decreased as pregnancy progressed. Stress was induced in pregnant females by social confrontation for 2 h daily with a female resident opponent over a period of 2 months. Corticosterone concentrations were substantially higher in pregnant stressed than in pregnant control rats. Furthermore, the numbers of monocytes, NK and B cells were lower in stressed females, and there was a strong trend towards suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. Interestingly, pregnant females did not show granulocytosis in response to the stressor. In sum, the social stress paradigm in females appears to be a good model for the investigation of the interactions between stress, pregnancy and the immune system. It also provides an excellent platform for studies on prenatal stress under relatively naturalistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Stefanski
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Faas MM, Broekema M, Moes H, van der Schaaf G, Heineman MJ, de Vos P. Altered monocyte function in experimental preeclampsia in the rat. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1192-8. [PMID: 15507940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, we evaluated functional activity of monocytes in experimental preeclampsia induced by low-dose endotoxin infusion. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant (n = 12) and cyclic rats (n = 12) were equipped with a permanent jugular vein cannula and infused with either low-dose endotoxin or saline. One day before the infusion, and 4, 24, 72, and 168 hours after the infusion, blood samples (400 microL) were taken and white blood cell (WBC) and differential cell counts were measured. Samples were (re)stimulated with endotoxin, and the percentage of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) producing monocytes was measured. RESULTS During experimental preeclampsia, monocyte TNFalpha production is persistently decreased, while total WBC and granulocyte counts are persistently increased compared with normal pregnant rats. No persistent effect of endotoxin was found in cyclic rats. CONCLUSION Because decreased endotoxin-induced TNFalpha production is a feature of activated monocytes, the present results indicate that monocytes are persistently activated in experimental preeclampsia. Increased WBC counts and granulocyte numbers in these rats also point to an activated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke M Faas
- Transplantation Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Faas MM, van der Schaaf G, Moes H, Heineman MJ, de Vos P. Developing Ovarian Follicles Inhibit the Endotoxin-Induced Glomerular Inflammatory Reaction in Pseudopregnant Rats. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004; 51:385-9. [PMID: 15212676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We tested the hypothesis that developing ovarian follicles produce factors inhibiting the endotoxin induced inflammatory response. METHOD OF STUDY Pseudopregnant rats were treated with FSH to induced follicular development (FSH-rats). For control we used untreated pseudopregnant rats (PSP-rats) and rats in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle (C-rats). All rats were infused with either saline or endotoxin. Three days after the infusion rats were sacrificed and kidney specimens were snapfrozen. Cryostat kidney sections were stained for the presence of monocytes, granulocytes, CD11a- and CD11b-positive cells and for ICAM-1 expression. RESULTS The results show that induction of follicular development in pseudopregnant rats inhibited glomerular infiltration of monocytes and CD11b(+) cells, while it did not affect the other parameters, i.e. glomerular granulocyte number, CD11a(+) cells and glomerular ICAM-1 expression. CONCLUSION Developing ovarian follicles produce factors inhibiting monocyte responses to endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke M Faas
- Transplantation Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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