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Rami FZ, Li L, Le TH, Kang C, Han MA, Chung YC. Risk and protective factors for severe mental disorders in Asia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105652. [PMID: 38608827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Among 369 diseases and injuries, the years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) rates for severe mental illnesses (SMIs) are within the top 20 %. Research on risk and protective factors for SMIs is critically important, as acting on modifiable factors may reduce their incidence or postpone their onset, while early detection of new cases enables prompt treatment and improves prognosis. However, as most of the studies on these factors are from Western countries, the findings are not generalizable across ethnic groups. This led us to conduct a systematic review of the risk and protective factors for SMIs identified in Asian studies. There were common factors in Asian and Western studies and unique factors in Asian studies. In-depth knowledge of these factors could help reduce disability, and the economic and emotional burden of SMIs. We hope that this review will inform future research and policy-making on mental health in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hung Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kang
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ah Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Shan W, Peng X, Tan W, Zhou Z, Xie H, Wang S. Prevalence of insomnia and associations with depression, anxiety among adults in guangdong, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Sleep Med 2024; 115:39-47. [PMID: 38330694 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, often associated with some mental disorders or mental health concerns, especially when accompanied by depression or anxiety, but very limited research has been reported in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and associations with depression, anxiety in Chinese adults. METHODS We conducted this large-sample cross-sectional study (51774 adults) in Guangdong province from October to December 2022. We used multistage stratified equal-volume random sampling under a complex sampling design to select the sample and standardized structured questionnaires to collect the necessary information. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of insomnia was 24.8 %. Insomnia was significantly associated with depression (OR:11.29, 95 %CI: 9.58-13.29), and anxiety (OR:10.98, 95 %CI: 8.78-13.72). Risk factors as being associated with insomnia were female, higher years of education, suffering from chronic diseases, previous drinking and current drinking, while protective factors were living in a rural area, married or cohabited, divorce or separation and being older. Risk factors as being associated with depression in the insomnia group included 10-16 years of education and suffering from chronic diseases, while protective factors were being older, married or cohabited, and normal BMI. Risk factors associated with anxiety in the insomnia group included 7-12 years of education and suffering from chronic diseases, while protective factors were being older, married or cohabited, and having a normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is associated with the development of depression and anxiety. Women and unhealthy lifestyle were at high risk for insomnia, had chronic diseases is an important factor, and insomnia with depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shan
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenyan Tan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhijian Zhou
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Xie
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - ShiBin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China; School of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China.
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Park S, Kim Y, Yoon S, Nam YJ, Hong S, Cho YH, Son SJ, Hong CH, Noh JS, Roh HW. Association of Geriatric Depressive Symptoms and Government-Initiated Senior Employment Program: A Population-Based Study. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:284-293. [PMID: 38569586 PMCID: PMC10990627 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of the government-initiated senior employment program (GSEP) on geriatric depressive symptoms is underexplored. Unearthing this connection could facilitate the planning of future senior employment programs and geriatric depression interventions. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the possible association between geriatric depressive symptoms and GSEP in older adults. METHODS This study employed data from 9,287 participants aged 65 or older, obtained from the 2020 Living Profiles of Older People Survey. We measured depressive symptoms using the Korean version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. The principal exposure of interest was employment status and GSEP involvement. Data analysis involved multiple linear regression. RESULTS Employment, independent of income level, showed association with decreased depressive symptoms compared to unemployment (p<0.001). After adjustments for confounding variables, participation in GSEP jobs showed more significant reduction in depressive symptoms than non-GSEP jobs (β=-0.968, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-1.197 to -0.739, p<0.001 for GSEP jobs, β=-0.541, 95% CI=-0.681 to -0.401, p<0.001 for non-GSEP jobs). Notably, the lower income tertile in GSEP jobs showed a substantial reduction in depressive symptoms compared to all income tertiles in non-GSEP jobs. CONCLUSION The lower-income GSEP group experienced lower depressive symptoms and life dissatisfaction compared to non-GSEP groups regardless of income. These findings may provide essential insights for the implementation of government policies and community-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Nam
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhwa Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyuk Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Sung Noh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Li C, Liu J, Ju Y, Liu B, Zhang Y. Multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms among Chinese in middle and late life: Characterization and risk factors. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1462-1471. [PMID: 37081758 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231164020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms, which are continuously changing, are an essential manifestation of depression and can increase the risk of mental disorders and other diseases. Because the causes and cures for depression have not yet been identified, finding the characteristics, and risk factors of depressive symptom trajectories can help us identify at-risk populations early and reduce the related public disease burden. AIMS Herein we aimed to figure out the specific manifestations of depressive symptom trajectories among Chinese adults, explore the risk profiles of trajectory groups with higher depression burdens, and test the longitudinal associations between blood biomarkers with depressive symptoms. METHODS Trajectories of participants' depressive symptoms measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scores were modeled with growth mixture models from 2011 to 2018. Multinomial logistic models tested associations of baseline covariates with trajectories. Generalized estimating equations were used to explore the longitudinal associations between blood data and depressive symptoms in two waves from 2011 to 2015. RESULTS Among the sample of 5,641 individuals aged 40 or over, four heterogeneous depressive symptom trajectories were defined: stable-low, high-decrease, stable-high, and low-increase. At baseline, demographic factors and health statuses such as gender, education, income, and self-reported health status were associated with trajectories. A significant association was found between high-density lipoprotein and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide clues for predicting and identifying adults with elevated depression burdens in middle and late life and may facilitate the development of targeted preventive strategies for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lim GY, Chang Y, Kim I, Ryu S, Kwon R, Song J. Long working hours and increased risks of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean men and women. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12230. [PMID: 37507409 PMCID: PMC10382542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing prevalence of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its risk factors are not well established. We examined the association between long working hours and incident NAFLD in lean Korean workers with emphasis on sex-based effect modification. This cohort study involved 46,113 non-overweight (BMI < 23 kg/m2) and NAFLD-free Korean workers (mean age, 35.5 years). Working hours were categorized into 35-40 (reference), 41-52, and ≥ 53 h. The presence of fatty liver and its severity were determined using ultrasonography and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using parametric proportional hazards models. Incident cases of 5901 lean NAFLD developed over a median follow-up of 3.8 years. The incidence of lean NAFLD increased with increasing working hours with a stronger association in men than in women (P for interaction < 0.001). For men, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for lean NAFLD in time-dependent models comparing working hours of 41-52 and ≥ 53 h compared to the reference category were 1.17 (1.07-1.28) and 1.25 (1.12-1.39), respectively. The excess relative risk of developing lean NAFLD with intermediate/high NFS was observed in working hours of 41-52 and ≥ 53 h with a corresponding HR of 1.66 (1.13-2.43) and 1.54 (0.94-2.51), respectively. Conversely, no significant associations were found between working hours and incidence of lean NAFLD in women. In conclusion, long working hours were significantly associated with an increased incidence of lean NAFLD and its severe form in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Lim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Korea.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Main Building B2, 250, Taepyung-Ro 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04514, Korea.
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea.
| | - Inah Kim
- Hanyang University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, 04763, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Main Building B2, 250, Taepyung-Ro 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04514, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Ria Kwon
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Jaechul Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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Cho MK, Kim MY. Factors Affecting Depression and Its Relation to Sleep Quality among Parents of Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070992. [PMID: 37046919 PMCID: PMC10094169 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated factors affecting depression (CES-D) among parents of patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), a chronic disease that requires constant management. A complex set of factors influence depression in parents and thus requires further research. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A survey on related variables was conducted on 217 parents of patients with T1DM. The collected data were analyzed using the PASW Statistics program, and factors influencing participants’ depression were identified through stepwise multiple regression. The results show that three variables exerted a significant effect on depression (source of information, resilience–personal competence, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index score), and all the variables explained a majority of the variance in depression. The results indicate that the parents of patients with T1DM were less depressed when the source of information was personal, when their resilience–personal competence was high, and when their Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was low. Interventions targeting parents of patients with T1DM should be performed with positive information on how to overcome diabetes in their children, increase resilience–personal competence, and increase sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju KR28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul KR04763, Republic of Korea
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Lee SA, Im K, Jung M, Seo JY. General self-efficacy differentially moderates depressive symptoms in adults with epilepsy depending on seizure severity. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 138:108990. [PMID: 36423384 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated whether the relationship between general self-efficacy and depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy differed depending on age, sex, and seizure status. METHODS This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted on 299 adults with epilepsy, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES). We performed stepwise linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance with interaction terms. RESULTS The stepwise linear regression analysis showed that BDI scores were negatively correlated with GSES scores and positively correlated with age ≥ 40 years, unemployed status, recurrence of generalized or focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS or FBTCS), and antiseizure medication polytherapy. The final model explained 38.9% of the variance in BDI scores. The analysis of covariance revealed that the moderating effect of GSES scores on BDI scores was less in subjects who had seizure freedom for at least 1 year than in those who did not. In contrast, the moderating effect of GSES scores on BDI scores was greater in subjects who had an age ≥ 40 years and those who experienced GTCS or FBTCS during the previous year than in those who did not. The negative relationship between GSES and BDI scores tended to be stronger in men than in women, but it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.098). All models were adjusted by significant factors in the linear regression analysis of BDI scores. CONCLUSIONS The negative relationship between general self-efficacy and depressive symptoms may be stronger in older patients and patients with poorer seizure outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ahm Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kayeong Im
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Jung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Seo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh S, Kim S, Sung E, Kim CH, Kang JH, Shin H, Cho IY. The association between cotinine-measured smoking
intensity and sleep quality. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:77. [PMID: 36118556 PMCID: PMC9443078 DOI: 10.18332/tid/152221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONS
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Sung
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heon Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Schulze KJ, Robinson M, MacKenzie HM, Dickey JP. Association of Preexisting Mental Health Conditions With Increased Initial Symptom Count and Severity Score on SCAT5 When Assessing Concussion. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221123581. [PMID: 36157090 PMCID: PMC9490471 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and learning disabilities, are associated with symptoms that can overlap with those seen in persons with concussion. While concussion screening tools such as the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–5th Edition (SCAT5) quantify the number of symptoms and symptom severity, it is not known whether these outcomes differ among individuals with concurrent mental health conditions compared with those without them. Purpose: To determine whether, during initial concussion assessment, individuals with a self-reported mental health condition have a significantly different number of self-reported concussion symptoms or symptom severity compared with those without a self-reported mental health condition (controls). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on consecutive patients aged ≥13 years who underwent post-concussion assessment at the Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic between May 2018 and March 2020 (N = 765). Most participants did not self-report a mental health condition (n = 606; 79.2%). Participants with a self-reported mental health condition (n = 159) were classified as having a learning disability (n = 14; 8.8%), anxiety (n = 62; 39.0%), depression (n = 20; 12.6%), or multiple conditions (≥2 conditions: n = 63; 39.6%). Each participant with a mental health condition was matched with 2 control participants (overall pool, n = 318) based on age, sex, student status, and sport-related risk. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine the statistical significance of differences between each subgroup and their matched controls for the self-reported number of concussion symptoms and symptom severity as measured using the SCAT5. Results: The anxiety and multiple-conditions subgroups had a significantly greater number of reported symptoms than their corresponding control subgroups (median, 17 vs 15 [P = .004] and 18 vs 14.5 [P < .001], respectively). Additionally, the SCAT5 symptom severity score was significantly greater in the anxiety and multiple-conditions subgroups than their corresponding controls (median, 49 vs 34.5 [P = .018] and 62 vs 32 [P < .001], respectively). Conclusion: During initial concussion assessment, both the number of concussion-related symptoms and the symptom severity were greater in study participants with anxiety and multiple mental health conditions than participants without these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Robinson
- Faculty of Health Science, Lawson Health Research Institute, Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather M MacKenzie
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James P Dickey
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Geng Y, Ni X, Wang Y, Fan J, Qian Y, Li X. Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Among Chinese Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:882815. [PMID: 35814109 PMCID: PMC9257104 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.882815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) among Chinese adults. A sample comprising 1,839 adults from four cities in Shaanxi province completed the BSI-18 and background information. The best-fitting factor structure model of the BSI-18 was verified by confirmatory factor analyses, and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the measurement invariance. The results indicated that the three-factor bi-factor model fitted the current data best (χ2 = 468.861, df = 117, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.920, RMSEA = 0.040, BIC = 47044.977). The configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance models all had acceptable model fit indexes across genders, and the configural, metric, scalar invariance models with different living areas and educational levels were all acceptable. Overall, the three-factor bi-factor model of the BSI-18 shows a good fit for use with Chinese adults, making it a viable tool for effectively measuring the mental health of Chinese adults.
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Lee J, Kim H, Hong JP, Cho SJ, Lee JY, Jeon HJ, Kim BS, Chang SM. Trends in the Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder by Sociodemographic Factors in Korea: Results from Nationwide General Population Surveys in 2001, 2006, and 2011. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e244. [PMID: 34636501 PMCID: PMC8506416 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated trends in the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) by sociodemographic factors in South Korea. METHODS National samples of the general population aged 18 years or older collected from the nationwide Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys conducted in 2001 (n = 6,206), 2006 (n = 6,466), and 2011 (n = 5,986) were used. For MDD diagnosis, we conducted face-to-face interviews using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. We performed logistic regression analyses stratified by gender, after adjusting for other sociodemographic variables, to calculate the 2006-to-2001 odds ratio (OR) and 2011-to-2001 OR by subgroups of sociodemographic factors to explore the association of MDD prevalence with sociodemographic factors over time. RESULTS The prevalence of MDD in the general population of South Korea increased steadily from 2001, to 2006, and to 2011 (1.6%, 2.5%, and 3.1%, respectively). Among the men, the prevalence of MDD continued to increase significantly in 18-29 years of age group (2006: adjusted OR [AOR], 3.32; 2011: AOR, 7.42), at-risk drinking group (2006: AOR, 3.56; 2011: AOR, 4.77), and not living with a partner group (2006: AOR, 3.24; 2011: AOR, 3.25). Meanwhile, among the women, the prevalence of MDD continued to significantly increase in the below-average household income group (2006: AOR, 2.58; 2011: AOR, 2.59), at-risk drinking group (2006: AOR, 2.02; 2011: AOR, 2.47), and unemployed group (2006: AOR, 1.48; 2011: AOR, 2.04). CONCLUSION This study may provide significant information for public policymakers to allocate sufficient health resources on MDD to vulnerable groups, particularly, men aged 18-29 years and women living in households with below-average income, and for clinicians to develop appropriate screening and treatment modalities for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Man Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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Socioeconomic Status, Mental Health, and Workplace Determinants among Working Adults in Hong Kong: A Latent Class Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157894. [PMID: 34360188 PMCID: PMC8345757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study provides insights on mental health correlates and work stress patterns in a representative sample of working adults in Hong Kong using an intersectional perspective. Using data from a cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey of 1007 working adults in Hong Kong, latent class analysis was conducted to identify socioeconomic classes within the sample. Three latent classes were identified, and they differed significantly in all the SES variables. Results suggested mental health to be the lowest in Class 1, the lowest income group. The three classes did not differ from their perceived level of job demand and control in work-related stress. Predictably, the highest income group perceived the lowest level of effort-reward imbalance. The lowest paid class was also reported perceiving the lowest level of relational justice. Different barriers to mental health services were also identified. Finally, cultural implications associated with work stress patterns, research, and practice implications are discussed. This study provides an empirical foundation for future studies to investigate patterns of job stress and mental health needs in a diverse population of working adults, with a particular focus on addressing the intersectional profiles of working adults and their needs in mental health services.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract. AIMS The longitudinal relationship between depression and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is uncertain. We examined: (a) the association between depressive symptoms and incident hepatic steatosis (HS), both with and without liver fibrosis; and (b) the influence of obesity on this association. METHODS A cohort of 142 005 Korean adults with neither HS nor excessive alcohol consumption at baseline were followed for up to 8.9 years. The validated Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score (CES-D) was assessed at baseline, and subjects were categorised as non-depressed (a CES-D < 8, reference) or depression (CES-D ⩾ 16). HS was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Liver fibrosis was assessed by the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). Parametric proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 27 810 people with incident HS and 134 with incident HS plus high FIB-4 were identified. Compared with the non-depressed category, the aHR (95% CIs) for incident HS was 1.24 (1.15-1.34) for CES-D ⩾ 16 among obese individuals, and 1.00 (0.95-1.05) for CES-D ⩾ 16 among non-obese individuals (p for interaction with obesity <0.001). The aHR (95% CIs) for developing HS plus high FIB-4 was 3.41 (1.33-8.74) for CES-D ⩾ 16 among obese individuals, and 1.22 (0.60-2.47) for CES-D ⩾ 16 among non-obese individuals (p for interaction = 0.201). CONCLUSIONS Depression was associated with an increased risk of incident HS and HS plus high probability of advanced fibrosis, especially among obese individuals.
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Cho IY, Chang Y, Sung E, Sohn W, Kang JH, Shin H, Ryu S. Depressive symptoms and risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus infection: a cohort study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20812. [PMID: 33257781 PMCID: PMC7705706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of depression on the risk of liver-related mortality in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unclear. We examined the association between depression, HBV infection, and liver-related mortality. A total of 342,998 Korean adults who underwent health examinations were followed for up to 7.8 years. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score ≥ 16. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 1,836,508 person-years of follow-up, 74 liver-related deaths and 54 liver cancer deaths were identified (liver-related mortality rate of 4.0 per 105 person-years and liver cancer mortality rate of 2.9 per 105 person-years). Subjects with depressive symptoms had an increased risk of liver-related mortality with a corresponding multivariable aHR of 2.00 (95% CI 1.10–3.63) compared to those without depressive symptoms. This association was more evident in HBsAg-positive participants with a corresponding multivariable aHR of 4.22 (95% CI 1.81–9.88) than HBsAg-negative participants (P for interaction by HBsAg positivity = 0.036). A similar pattern was observed in relation to liver cancer mortality. In this large cohort, depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of liver-related mortality, with a stronger association in HBsAg-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Main Building B2, 250 Taepyung-ro 2ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04514, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunju Sung
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, South Korea.,Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Heon Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, South Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, South Korea. .,Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Main Building B2, 250 Taepyung-ro 2ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04514, South Korea. .,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jeoung B. Correlation of physical fitness with psychological well-being, stress, and depression in Korean adults. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:351-355. [PMID: 32913840 PMCID: PMC7463065 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040454.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical fitness and psychological well-being, stress, and depression in Korean adults. Participants were 160 adults aged 40-70 years living in the metropolitan area of Incheon. Results were collected from random sample of main measurements from Incheon fitness center of National Fitness Award Project (2019). We assessed participants using physical fitness test (national fitness award), Psychosocial well-being index short form, Perceived Stress Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale. The data were analyzed Pearson and Spearman rank correlation analysis, and linear was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 25.0. The re-sults indicated there were statistically significant associations between psychological well-being and agility, quick response; stress and flexibil-ity; depression and strength endurance strength, body fat. In addition, analysis showed that strength, endurance strength, body fat of physical fitness factors could significantly predict depression, flexibility could significantly predict stress, agility and quick response could significant-ly predict psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogja Jeoung
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation & Welfare, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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16
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The Impact of Health Consciousness on the Association Between Walking Durations and Mental Health Conditions After a Disaster: a Cross-Sectional Study. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32676856 PMCID: PMC7366311 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background In communities affected by a disaster, walking can be a feasible form of physical exercise to improve physical and mental health conditions. However, there is limited evidence to support relationships between walking habits and mental health conditions in post-disaster settings. Cross-sectional epidemiological data obtained from a questionnaire survey (conducted in October 2017) of a community affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) was analyzed to evaluate the relationships. Methods Participants included individuals over 20 years of age (N = 718) from Shichigahama town in Miyagi prefecture, whose houses were significantly damaged by the GEJE. Their mental health conditions were assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Additionally, the questionnaire asked the participants spent duration walking on average and their walking purpose by the following items: (1) longer than 60 min per day, (2) between 30 and 60 min per day, or (3) less than 30 min per day, and whether they walked to maintain healthy living habits (health-conscious walkers) or merely for transportation without considering health consequences (non-health-conscious walkers). These information and mental health indicators were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results Among the three walking duration groups of health-conscious walkers, there were significant differences in CES-D and K6 scores (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04), but not in IES-R scores, considering age, gender, and alcohol drinking habits as covariates. CES-D score was significantly higher among short walkers (p = 0.004). Among the three walking duration groups of non-health-conscious walkers, there were significant differences in avoidance symptoms, the subdomain of IES-R (p = 0.01), but not in CES-D, K6, and total IES-R scores, considering the variants. Conclusion Our study suggests that walking durations may positively affect mood, but not PTSR, only when walking is performed with the purpose of maintaining healthy living habits. Walking durations were negatively associated with avoidance symptoms among non-health-conscious walkers in the community affected by the GEJE, indicating that the disaster may have had a long-lasting impact on walking habits.
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Lee DH, Kim KM, Cho SJ, Kim WJ, Yang KI, Yun CH, Chu MK. Impacts of migraine on the prevalence and clinical presentation of depression: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:215-222. [PMID: 32553361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A close association has been reported between depression and migraine. However, information concerning the impacts of migraine on the clinical presentation and prevalence of depression in a population-based study is currently limited. METHODS Data from the Korean Headache-Sleep Study, a nationwide survey about headache and sleep for adults aged 19-69 years were used. Depression was defined when Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10. RESULTS Of 2,695 participants who included in this study, 116 (4.3%), 143 (5.3%), and 1130 (41.9%) had depression, migraine, and non-migraine headache, respectively. Migraine (24/116 [20.5%] vs. 119/2579 [4.7%], p < 0.001) and non-migraine headache (67/116 [58.1%] vs. 1063/2579 [41.3%], p < 0.001) was more prevalent in the group of participants with depression than among participants without depression. Among participants with depression, there was no statistically differences in total Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores among migraine, non-migraine headache, and non-headache groups (median with interquartile range, 12.0 [10.2-18.0] vs. 13.0 [11.0-16.0] vs. 12.0 [10.0-15.2], p = 0.514). Among subcomponent scores of PHQ-9, all subcomponent scores did not significantly differ by headache status except feeling tired or having little energy scores (non-migraine headache 2.0 [2.0-3.0] vs. non-headache 2.0 [1.0-2.0], p = 0.010). LIMITATIONS Diagnosis of depression based on PHQ-9 questionnaire and small sample size in subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS Participants with depression exhibit an increased risk of migraine and non-migraine headache compared with participants without depression. Among participants with depression, the severity of depression did not significantly differ on the basis of headache status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University of College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Yun
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Yokomitsu K, Irie T, Sekiguchi M, Shimizu A, Matsuoka H, Merry SN, Stasiak K. Gamified Mobile Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Japanese University Students With Depressive Symptoms: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15164. [PMID: 32254045 PMCID: PMC7175183 DOI: 10.2196/15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that computerized self-help interventions are effective for reducing symptoms of depression. One such intervention, SPARX, is a gamified mobile computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) developed for adolescents in New Zealand, which was shown to be as effective as usual care for young people with mild-to-moderate symptoms of depression. However, gamified cCBT has not yet been tested in Japan. OBJECTIVE This trial is designed to investigate whether a Japanese-adapted version of SPARX improves depressive symptoms in Japanese university students with mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. METHODS In this 7-week, multicenter, stratified, parallel-group, superiority randomized trial, participants will be allocated to either a treatment condition (SPARX) or a wait-list control condition. SPARX is a fully automated program, which will be delivered to the mobile phone or tablet device of the participants. SPARX is designed as an interactive fantasy game to guide the user through seven modules that teach key CBT strategies. All participants will be recruited from universities via advertisements on online bulletin boards, the campus newspaper, and posters. Participants in the treatment condition will use the SPARX program weekly. The primary outcome is the reduction of depressive symptoms (using Patient Health Questionnaires-9) measured at baseline and weekly: once after the 7-week intervention and once at a 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include satisfaction with the program and satisfaction with life, measured by the Satisfaction With Life Scale; positive and negative moods, measured by the Profile of Mood States Second Edition; social functioning, measured by the EuroQol Instrument; rumination, measured by the Ruminative Responses Scale; and coping, measured by the Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced Inventory. RESULTS This study received funding from The Research Institute of Personalized Health Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, and obtained institutional review board approval in September 2019. Data collection began in April 2019. CONCLUSIONS Results of this trial may provide further evidence for the efficacy of gamified cCBT for the treatment of depression and, specifically, provide support for using SPARX with Japanese university students. TRIAL REGISTRATION Japan Primary Registries Network UMIN000034354; https://tinyurl.com/uu7xd77. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Yokomitsu
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonari Irie
- School of Education and Culture, Hokusho University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mayu Sekiguchi
- School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Matsuoka
- School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sally Nicola Merry
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karolina Stasiak
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Park NS, Jang Y, Chiriboga DA, Chung S. The Role of Social Networks on Depressive Symptoms: A Comparison of Older Koreans in Three Geographic Areas. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 92:364-382. [PMID: 32054286 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020905553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of depressive symptoms among older Korean adults in three geographic locations with varying densities of the Korean population: mainland Korea (mostly Koreans), New York metropolitan area (high Korean density), and west central Florida (low Korean density). The study focused on the role of family and friend networks. Data were drawn from three sources: (1) a multistage national sample of Koreans in South Korea (n = 403); (2) a survey conducted in the western/central Florida area that used a variety of culturally sensitive sampling strategies (n = 672); and (3) a survey in the New York metropolitan area (n = 420) that replicated the Florida study. For those living in Korea, living alone and lower perceived financial status were independently associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. For the New York and Florida samples, fair or poor self-rating of health, lower levels of acculturation, and weaker ties with family were related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Similar to the older Korean sample, lower perceived financial status was linked with greater depressive symptoms in the New York sample. The overall results suggest that it is important to consider the interplay of the social network, personal, and cultural resources when working with older adults in diverse contexts. Intervention efforts should address mental health issues tailored to cultural and social settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- 7831 School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Yuri Jang
- 5116 Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David A Chiriboga
- 7831 Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Soondool Chung
- 26717 Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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The prevalence and correlates of burnout among Chinese preschool teachers. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:160. [PMID: 32013939 PMCID: PMC6998270 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of studies have suggested that teachers are likely to experience professional burnout in various regions around the world. To date, no known research has been conducted to investigate the prevalence and correlates of burnout among preschool teachers in China. This study examined the level of self-reported burnout and correlates of burnout among Chinese preschool teachers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among1795 preschool teachers in Tianjin, China, during August 2018-October 2018. The validated Chinese version of the 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout. A self-administered questionnaire collected the sociodemographic factors. The psychological factors were collected by the Chinese version of the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Perceived Stress Scale-14. RESULTS The prevalence of burnout in Chinese preschool teachers was 53.2% (95% CI:51%─56%). Burnout rate was significantly decreased in overweight (P = 0.001, OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42-0.79) and obesity (P = 0.048, OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.56-1.00) teachers compared with teachers with normal weight. The type of school (P = 0.007, OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11-1.91), income satisfaction (P = 0.001, OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53-0.86), depression (P < 0.001, OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 2.34-4.05) and perceived stress (P < 0.001, OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.13-1.18) were significantly associated with burnout. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of burnout among preschool teachers in Tianjin, China, is high. Burnout was significantly associated with BMI, the type of school, income satisfaction, depression and perceived stress among Chinese preschool teachers.
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TSUJITA N, AKAMATSU Y, NISHIDA MM, HAYASHI T, MORITANI T. Effect of Tryptophan, Vitamin B 6, and Nicotinamide-Containing Supplement Loading between Meals on Mood and Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Young Adults with Subclinical Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:507-514. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki TSUJITA
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Yasunori AKAMATSU
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | | | - Tatsuya HAYASHI
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Toshio MORITANI
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
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22
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Predictor of depressive disorders in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:3485-3491. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhong X, Liu Y, Pu J, Tian L, Gui S, Song X, Xu S, Zhou X, Wang H, Zhou W, Chen J, Qi X, Xie P. Depressive symptoms and quality of life among Chinese medical postgraduates: a national cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2019; 24:1015-1027. [PMID: 31179736 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1626453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
High workloads and heavy academic pressure can have significant implications for the risk for depression and poor quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to investigate QoL and depressive symptoms in medical students undergoing postgraduate neurology specialty training in China. The survey covered demographic characteristics, the 8-itemMedical Outcomes Study Short-Formquestionnaire (SF-8), and the 2-itemPrimary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders depression screening tool. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the determinants of QoL and depressive symptoms. Participants were 1,814 postgraduates from 249 hospitals in 27 Chinese provinces. The mean SF-8 physical and mental component summary scores were 78.17 (standard deviation [SD] 15.20) and 68.33 (SD 17.15), respectively. One-third of respondents had depressive symptoms, and those without depressive symptoms had significantly higher QoL scores. The multivariate regression analysis showed that factors independently associated with depressive symptoms were being in the second year of study, a lower household income, and less sleep time. Although QoL among our sample of Chinese medical students undergoing postgraduate neurology specialty training was favorable relative to other comparable populations, one-third of respondents had depressive symptoms. Accurate measures should be taken to change this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Zhong
- a School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Juncai Pu
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lu Tian
- a School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Siwen Gui
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,d College of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xuemian Song
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,d College of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,d College of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- a School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Peng Xie
- a School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b Institute of Neuroscience , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,e China Neurologist Association, Chinese Medical Doctor Association , Beijing , China
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Effects of Ethnic Identity on the Relationship Between Mental Health and Perceived Discrimination Among Ethnic Return Migrants: The Case of Korean Chinese Return-Migrated to South Korea. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:522-532. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Park NS, Lee BS, Chiriboga DA, Chung S. Loneliness as a mediator in the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms: Age differences among community-dwelling Korean adults. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:706-716. [PMID: 30485596 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether loneliness mediates the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms and to determine how age moderates the mediation effect. Data for this study came from the survey with community-dwelling adults aged 18 and older in South Korea, from March to April 2017. The total of 1,017 respondents were drawn from three age groups (18-44, 45-64, or 65 and older). The mediating effect of loneliness was tested between each of three social engagement-related variables (family network, friend network, and perceived community support) and depressive symptoms. The results showed age differences in mediation: the effect was most pronounced in the relationship of family network with loneliness for the older group, whereas the size of friend network significantly predicted loneliness for younger adults. Both younger and older groups felt less lonely when they had a higher level of perceived community support; the middle age group remained uninfluenced by the mediation effects. Our findings confirm that loneliness is one of the mechanisms by which social engagement exerts its effect on depressive symptoms. As the Korean society embraces its growing proportions of older adults, the results of the study provide implications for adaptive strategies for changing social engagement need and mental health associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Beom S Lee
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - David A Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Soondool Chung
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Havigerová JM, Haviger J, Kučera D, Hoffmannová P. Text-Based Detection of the Risk of Depression. Front Psychol 2019; 10:513. [PMID: 30936845 PMCID: PMC6431661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between language use and psychological characteristics of the communicator. The aim of the study was to find models predicting the depressivity of the writer based on the computational linguistic markers of his/her written text. Respondents' linguistic fingerprints were traced in four texts of different genres. Depressivity was measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The research sample (N = 172, 83 men, 89 women) was created by quota sampling an adult Czech population. Morphological variables of the texts showing differences (M-W test) between the non-depressive and depressive groups were incorporated into predictive models. Results: Across all participants, the data best fit predictive models of depressivity using morphological characteristics from the informal text "letter from holidays" (Nagelkerke r 2 = 0.526 for men and 0.670 for women). For men, models for the formal texts "cover letter" and "complaint" showed moderate fit with the data (r 2 = 0.479 and 0.435). The constructed models show weak to substantial recall (0.235 - 0.800) and moderate to substantial precision (0.571 - 0.889). Morphological variables appearing in the final models vary. There are no key morphological characteristics suitable for all models or for all genres. The resulting models' properties demonstrate that they should be suitable for screening individuals at risk of depression and the most suitable genre is informal text ("letter from holidays").
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiří Haviger
- Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Dalibor Kučera
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
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Do Sleep Disorders Positively Correlate with Dry Eye Syndrome? Results of National Claim Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050878. [PMID: 30861989 PMCID: PMC6427171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a common disease with an increasing occurrence. Although DES symptoms are considered mild, it can reduce quality of life for individuals. Many studies on DES have been conducted, but these focused on the use of electronic devices. Here, we investigate an association between DES and sleep disorders in the context of emerging health issues. Methods: Our data came from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) National Sample Cohort, which included 44,366 patients and was based on a 1:1 matching method (sleep disorder patients vs. patients without sleep disorders) during 2012–2015. Using survival analysis with a Cox proportional hazard model, we identified an association of sleep disorders with DES. Results: About 16.7% of all patients were diagnosed with DES, and prevalence was higher in patients with sleep disorders (sleep disorders: 19.82%, no sleep disorders: 13.67%). Survival analysis showed that sleep disorders positively correlated with DES diagnosis (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.320, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.261–1.382, p-value < 0.0001). Positive trends were enhanced in males, younger patients, lower economic levels, and with higher severity of comorbid. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sleep disorder was positively associated with DES. This correlation can be helpful in effective management of both sleep disorders and DES in South Koreans.
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Cho SS, Kim H, Lee J, Lim S, Jeong WC. Combined exposure of emotional labor and job insecurity on depressive symptoms among female call-center workers: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14894. [PMID: 30896638 PMCID: PMC6709051 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Call-center workers work under unfavorable psychosocial working conditions, including, emotional labor and job insecurity, which might be linked to depressive symptoms.The purpose of this study was to explore the link between emotional labor and depressive symptoms and to investigate the influence of combined exposure to emotional labor and job insecurity on depressive symptoms.A health survey was conducted among female call-center workers in Geumcheon-gu (a district in Seoul), South Korea, in November 2012. The short form of the Korean occupational stress scale was used to measure occupational stressors. A questionnaire with 8 items was employed to assess emotional labor. Depressive symptoms were estimated using the Korean Version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The association of emotional labor and occupational stressors with depressive symptoms was assessed using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression.Overall, 699 female call-center workers were enrolled into this study. The odds ratios of experiencing depressive symptoms in workers exposed to emotional labor and job insecurity were 5.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.38-8.80) and 2.37 (95% CI: 0.86-6.50), respectively. When workers were simultaneously exposed to excessive emotional labor and high job insecurity levels, the odds ratio of experiencing depressive symptoms was 10.13 (95% CI: 3.51-29.23). The Relative Excess Risk due to the Interaction (RERI) of job insecurity and emotional labor was 3.30 (95% CI: -5.50 to 12.11); however, this was not statistically significant (P = .46).Although a causal relationship could not be established due to the cross-sectional study design, the combined effect of emotional labor and job insecurity might have a serious influence on behavioral health among call-center female workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32 Daesingonwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu
| | - JinWoo Lee
- Korean Confederation of Trade Unions, 14th Fl. Kyunghyang Daily News Bldg., 3 Jeongdong-gil, Jung-gu
| | - Sinye Lim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul
| | - Woo Chul Jeong
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Republic of Korea
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Jeon SW, Lim SW, Shin DW, Ryu S, Chang Y, Kim SY, Oh KS, Shin YC, Kim YH. Metabolic syndrome and incident depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged adults: A cohort study. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:643-651. [PMID: 30611062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies on the prospective association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depression have reported conflicting findings. METHODS A cohort study was performed with 115,223 middle-aged adults, free of depression at baseline, who underwent at least 2 comprehensive exams between 2012 and 2015. MetS was assessed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. The study endpoint was new onset of depression, defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale score ≥ 16. RESULTS Over 253,451.6 person-years, 6,833 participants developed depression. When the participants with 0 MetS components were set as a reference, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for incident depression formed a U-shaped curve with the number of MetS components (p for trend = 0.229): 1 (1.07 [1.02-1.15]); 2 (0.92 [0.82-1.06]); 3 (0.85 [0.78-1.07]); 4 (1.16 [1.06-1.32]); and 5 MetS components (1.25 [1.10-1.54]). The presence or absence of MetS was not significant in new-onset depression. In examining potential clustering and synergistic effects of the constituent parts, waist circumference was the major driving factor of incident depression, and its relative excess risk due to interaction increased with the number of combinations. LIMITATIONS We used a self-reported depression scale, and the follow-up period was relatively short. CONCLUSIONS Future studies investigating the risk for incident depression should place more focus on the number of MetS abnormalities and specific MetS factors, such as waist circumference, than the presence or absence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Won Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Study, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Study, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seob Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Blanner Kristiansen C, Kjær JN, Hjorth P, Andersen K, Prina AM. Prevalence of common mental disorders in widowhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:1016-1023. [PMID: 30699843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widowed people have a high risk of common mental disorders, however no summary estimates of the prevalences exist. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of common mental disorders in widowed people in the community. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and PsycInfo were searched for papers reporting on prevalence of common mental disorders and widowhood. Eligible studies were included in random effects meta-analyses of the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders. Subgroup analyses were performed on method of assessment of depression and age and sex. RESULTS The literature search identified 13,781 titles of which 42 were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression in studies using a screening scale was 40.6% (33.6%-47.6%) (n = 30). For studies using full diagnostic criteria the pooled prevalence of depression was 19.2% (13.4%-25.0%) (n = 12). Subgroup analyses of age (≥ or < 65) and sex did not show any differences regarding depression. Five studies reported the prevalence of anxiety disorders. The pooled prevalence estimate was 26.9% (8.1%-45.7%). LIMITATIONS The prevalence estimates in this study are summary estimates of prevalences from existing literature. Although the reporting bias assessment showed no evidence, there could be some reporting bias, as studies might only present results if there is a high prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Widowed people have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders. The high prevalence of depression was independent of age and sex. The study identifies a population group at high risk needing special attention in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Blanner Kristiansen
- Department of Psychiatry - Odense. Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's College London, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Social Epidemiology Research Group, London, UK; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Nørgaard Kjær
- Psychiatric Research Academy, Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Peter Hjorth
- Institute for Regional Health, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Psychiatric Nursing and Health Care Research, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry - Odense. Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - A Matthew Prina
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's College London, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Social Epidemiology Research Group, London, UK
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Tang R, Wang J, Yang L, Ding X, Zhong Y, Pan J, Yang H, Mu L, Chen X, Chen Z. Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:340. [PMID: 31214119 PMCID: PMC6558168 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid function is closely associated with neuropsychological functions, including mental state and cognitive functions. Although thyroid function is routinely examined in persons with depressive symptom, the association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and depression remains inconclusive. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the risk of depression in persons with SCH. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to August 2018. The primary outcome was the prevalence of depression, as evaluated by various types of self-reported depression scales. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to compare the risk of depression between persons with SCH and those with euthyroidism. Results: Twenty-one studies were included in the systematic review, with a total of 103,375 subjects from 7 studies being pooled for the meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of depression. The meta-analysis showed that persons with SCH had a significantly elevated risk of depression than persons with euthyroidism (OR = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-2.86, P = 0.02). No publication bias was found, as indicated by Egger's test (t = -0.49, P = 0.647) and Begg's test (z = -0.15, P = 0.881). In addition, the funnel plot showed a symmetric distribution. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that SCH was positively associated with the risk of depression, especially in persons above 50 years of age, suggesting it is necessary to pay close attention to depressive symptoms in persons with SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Ding
- The First Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yufan Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiexue Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangshan Mu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Xia Chen
| | - Zimiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zimiao Chen
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Park NS, Chiriboga DA, Chung S. A Typology of Social Networks and Its Relationship to Psychological Well-Being in Korean Adults. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2018; 90:211-233. [PMID: 30482031 DOI: 10.1177/0091415018815230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to (a) develop an empirical typology of the social networks in Korean adults aged 18 years or older and (b) examine the relation of network types on depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life. Data for this study were drawn from the survey with 1,017 community-dwelling adults aged 18 years or older in South Korea representing three life stages: young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults. Latent profile analysis was conducted based on eight social network-related variables: marital status, living arrangement, number of family confidants, number of friend confidants, frequency of contact with friends using phone or social media, frequency of participation in social groups, frequency of conversation with neighbors, and perceived closeness of family. The identified typologies were then regressed on depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life. A model with four network types was identified as being the most optimal, and the groups were labeled as: diverse-family, diverse-friend, solo-restricted, and coresident-restricted. Regression analyses showed that in comparison with the coresident-restricted group referent, diverse-friend and solo-restricted groups exhibited elevated levels of depressive symptoms; diverse-family and diverse-friend type had higher levels of satisfaction with life. Implications of the study findings were discussed in line with current research and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- 7831 School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David A Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Soondool Chung
- 26717 Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Prevalence of Depression among Caregivers of Indian Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85:974-977. [PMID: 29777470 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of depression among caregivers of children with cystic fibrosis and its impact on the health and well being of these children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from September 2015 through August 2016. Forty one parents of children receiving treatment at the Cystic fibrosis (CF) clinic were approached to be part of the study. Six families declined the request resulting in 85% recruitment rate. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depression score among caregivers. The CES-D provides clinical cut-off scores of ≥16 that help in identifying persons at risk for depression. CES-D was completed by the parent closely associated with care of the affected child. Main outcome measure was to find the number of caregivers of patients who has score of ≥16 on CES-D scale, and its effect on growth and respiratory exacerbations of the affected child. RESULTS A total of 23 fathers and 12 mothers participated in the study. The mean age of male and female caregivers was 30.9 ± 5.4 and 27.8 ± 4.7 y respectively. Eighteen (51.4%) caregivers scored above the clinical cut-off on the CES-D in the index study with mean score of 22.0 ± 4.0. The mean CES-D score among non-depressive caregivers was 7.76 ± 4.2. Significant negative association was found between parental depression and child's health. Children with high parental CES-D score suffered significantly more respiratory exacerbations (3.83 ± 1.2 episodes) in last six months than parents with low CES-D score (2.18 ± 1.28 episodes) (p value = 0.00). Similarly, stunting was more commonly seen in patients with high caregiver CES-D score (15 vs. 7; P value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A very high prevalence of caregiver depression was found in cystic fibrosis, which negatively impacted care and well being of the affected patients. Depression was more common in families with poor economic and education level.
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Hong J. The areas of life dissatisfaction and their relationships to depression at different life stages: findings from a nationally representative survey. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018; 24:305-319. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1537496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyung Hong
- Department of Healthcare Management, College of Social Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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35
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Lim JH. Regional Differences of Mental Health Status and Associated Factors: Based on the Community Health Survey. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018; 9:175-184. [PMID: 30159223 PMCID: PMC6110328 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences in mental health specific to regions in Korea, and the factors that affected mental health status. Methods Data from the 2016 Community Health Survey in Korea were used; 224,421 health survey participants provided responses on mental health issues, demographics, and health behavior, and were included in the study. Results A statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of mental health status between different regions of Korea. Independent variables that affected mental health were sex, age, marital status, household income, economic activity, whether living with dementia patients, self-reported health status, smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep time, and chronic diseases. Risk factors associated with symptoms of depression were gender (female), bereavement or being divorced, low household income, family member with dementia, poor self-reported health status, currently smoking, level of physical activity, insufficient hours of sleep and suffering from chronic diseases. Conclusion This study suggests that a standardized healthcare policy is needed to reduce regional variation in mental health. In the future, similar studies that include medical expenses for mental healthcare and relevant variables according to regions of Korea should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Lim
- Department of Healthcare Management, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Korea
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36
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Tomitaka S, Kawasaki Y, Ide K, Akutagawa M, Ono Y, Furukawa TA. Distribution of item responses and total item scores for the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D): Data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202607. [PMID: 30114259 PMCID: PMC6095586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that item responses and total scores on depression screening scales follow characteristic distribution patterns in the United States and Japanese general populations. However, the degree to which these findings, especially in terms of item responses, can be generalized to a European population is unknown. Thus, we analyzed the item responses and total score distribution for the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a representative Irish cohort from a large, recent study-the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). METHODS We used CES-D data from the 2009-2011 TILDA (8504 individuals). Responses for the 16 depressive symptoms included "rarely," "some of the time," "occasionally," and "all of the time." Item response patterns and total score distribution across these 16 depressive symptom items were examined using graphical analyses and exponential regression modeling. RESULTS Lines for item responses followed the same pattern across the 16 items. These lines were characterized by intersections in the vicinity of a single point between "rarely" and "some of the time" and parallel patterns from "some of the time" to "all of the time" on a log-normal scale. Total scores for the 16 items exhibited an exponential pattern, except for at the lower end of the distribution. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that item responses and total scores on depression screening scales among the general population follow the same characteristic patterns across populations from multiple nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Tomitaka
- Department of Mental Health, Panasonic Health Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ide
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Maiko Akutagawa
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ono
- Center for the Development of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Training, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki A. Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
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Chae M, Kim JI, Choi KS, Han KH. Subjective Health and Factors of Health-related Quality of Life in Elderly Haenyo. KOREAN JOURNAL OF WOMEN HEALTH NURSING 2018; 24:105-115. [PMID: 37684917 DOI: 10.4069/kjwhn.2018.24.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the subjective health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Haenyo. METHODS Subjects were 100 elderly Haenyo in Jeju island who belonged to a fishing-village society. Main variables were activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), the HRQoL, subjective health, and depression. Subjective health and differences of HRQoL by variables were analyzed by t-test or ANOVA using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Hierarchical multiple regression was executed to examine the effects of the major factors on the quality of life. RESULTS The mean age was 69.9 years, the mean period for diving career was 51.5 years, and work hours per month were 37.8. Comorbidity of diseases was 2.74, and the common health problems were osteoporosis and headache/dizziness. HRQoL was significantly different by age (F=4.52, p=.013), education (F=6.10, p=.003), muljil work years (F=3.93, p=.050), depression (t=-3.04, p=.030), subjective health state (F=30.62, p < .01), and degenerative arthritis (F=-2.38, p=.019). In the final model by hierarchical multiple regression, ADL/IADL (β=.41, p < .001), depression (β=-.29, p < .001), and subjective health (β=.43~.51, p < .001) were significant and explained 63.5% of the total variance of HRQoL. CONCLUSION Haenyo have specific health problems different from those of elderly women in general. ADL/IADL, depression and subjective health affected their HRQoL. It is clear that Haenyos' health problems need further study to improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungah Chae
- College of Redcross Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeung Im Kim
- College of Redcross Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Choi
- College of Redcross Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hye Han
- College of Redcross Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Lamichhane DK, Heo YS, Kim HC. Depressive symptoms and risk of absence among workers in a manufacturing company: a 12-month follow-up study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2018; 56:187-197. [PMID: 29225216 PMCID: PMC5985457 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of reduced work ability and absence due to sickness. The objective of this study was to investigate how depressive symptoms are prospectively associated with subsequent absence, whether caused by illness or accidents, among manufacturing workers. This prospective study was conducted on 2,349 male and female employees that underwent a regular health examination at a university hospital. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Data on self-reported absence due to illness and accidents were obtained during a follow up of 1 yr. The incidences of sickness absence were 6.0% for men and 17.3% for women. Men and women with depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥16) were found to have higher odds of sickness absence during follow up (men: OR=4.06; 95% CI: 2.32-7.11; women: OR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.02-2.98), after adjustment for demographic and occupational factors. When depressive symptoms were divided into quartiles, significantly higher ORs of sickness absence were observed only among employees with the highest quartile of depressive symptoms. The study shows that depressive symptoms are a risk factor for future absence due to illness or accidents among manufacturing workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirga Kumar Lamichhane
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Heo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Republic of Korea
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Prevalence and predictors of major depressive disorder in bereaved caregivers at 6 and 13 months. Palliat Support Care 2018; 17:300-305. [PMID: 29806573 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951518000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms are common in bereaved caregivers; however, there have been few prospective studies using a structured interview. This study investigated the prevalence and preloss predictors of major depressive disorder (MDD) in bereaved caregivers of patients in a palliative care unit. METHOD This prospective cohort study collected caregiver sociodemographic and psychological data before the death of a palliative care unit patient, including MDD, care-burden, coping style, and hopeful attitude. Postloss MDD was assessed 6 and 13 months after death, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify its predictors.ResultOf 305 caregivers contacted, 92 participated in this study. The prevalence of preloss MDD was 21.8%; the prevalences of postloss MDD were 34.8% and 24.7% at 6 and 13 months, respectively. Preloss MDD predicted postloss MDD at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 5.38, 95% confidence interval [CI95%] = 1.29, 22.43); preloss nonhopeful attitude and unemployment status of caregivers predicted postloss MDD at 13 months (OR = 8.77, CI95% = 1.87, 41.13 and OR = 7.10, CI95% = 1.28, 39.36, respectively).Significance of resultsApproximately 35% of caregivers suffered from MDD at 6 months postloss, but the prevalence of MDD decreased to about 25% at 13 months. Preloss MDD significantly predicted postloss MDD at 6 months, whereas hopeful attitude and unemployment at baseline were significantly associated with postloss MDD at 13 months.
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Huang J, Xu B, Guo D, Jiang T, Huang W, Liu G, Ye X. Dose⁻Response Relationships between Second-Hand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050985. [PMID: 29757982 PMCID: PMC5982024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been little focus on the possible association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to explore the dose–response relationships between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents and differentiate these associations in setting-specific exposure and severity-specific outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of high school students in Guangzhou, China. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the potential associations between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. Among 3575 nonsmoking students, 29.6% were classified as having probable depressive symptoms and 9.6% had severe depressive symptoms. There were monotonically increasing dose–response relationships between setting-specific (public places, homes, or indoor/outdoor campuses) SHS exposure and severity-specific (probable or severe) depressive symptoms. When examining these relations by source of exposure, we also observed similar dose–response relationships for SHS exposure in campuses from smoking teachers and from smoking classmates. Our findings suggest that regular SHS exposure is associated with a significant, dose-dependent increase in risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents, and highlight the need for smoke-free environments to protect the health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Dan Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Ting Jiang
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Guocong Liu
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
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Kim JS, Zhang Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Guallar E, Shin YC, Shin H, Lim SW, Cho J. Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Incident Depression in Young and Middle-Age Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1827-1833. [PMID: 29408972 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of subclinical hypothyroidism in the development of depression remains controversial. We examined the prospective association between subclinical hypothyroidism and incident depressive symptoms. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 220,545 middle-age adults without depression who had undergone at least two comprehensive health examinations between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. The study outcome was incident depressive symptoms, defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score >16. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 2 years, incident depressive symptoms occurred in 7323 participants. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for incident depressive symptoms comparing subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid participants was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.09). Similarly, among euthyroid participants (n = 87,822), no apparent association was found between thyroid hormone levels and an increased risk of incident depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS No apparent association was found between subclinical hypothyroidism and incident depressive symptoms in a large prospective cohort of middle-age men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Kim
- Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Study, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Study, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Shin
- Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Won Lim
- Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Cho
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Cohort Study, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Social policy and late-life happiness: the impact of the basic old-age pension on the happiness of older people in South Korea. QUALITY IN AGEING AND OLDER ADULTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/qaoa-09-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between social policy and late-life happiness by analyzing the impact of the basic old-age pension on the happiness of older people in South Korea.
Design/methodology/approach
People aged 65 and over selected from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing are analyzed in the study.
Findings
It shows that the association between the basic old-age pension and the happiness of older people is negative. This may be attributable to the frugality of the benefits and the side effects of the means test.
Originality/value
This implies that the relationship between social policy and late-life happiness is not linear but it is affected by the context of the policy. It suggests that changing the fundamental benefit system to be more progressive can be a more useful policy option to realize the initial policy goal for recipients.
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Factors Influencing on Mental Health Help-seeking Behavior Among Korean Women: A Path Analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:120-126. [PMID: 29413062 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to identify factors influencing mental health help-seeking behavior among women in the community. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used. Participants were 402 women in South Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a path analysis by IBM SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. RESULTS There was a significant, but weak positive correlation between perceived need and help-seeking intentions for formal mental health help (r=0.09, p<0.05). In the path analysis, significant the factors influencing help-seeking intentions were perceived need, attitude, and belief toward mental illness, and the attitude of them had the greatest effect. These factors accounted for 12.2% of the total variance, and the model fit was acceptable. CONCLUSION The findings of the study reveal that positive mental illness interpretation and consequence can predict mental health help-seeking behavior of women as well as the perceived need for mental health help.
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Abstract
The Korean peninsula is located between China and Japan. After the Second World War, the Republic of Korea was established in the southern half of the Korean peninsula. South Korea has a total area of 98 480 km2 and a population of 48 598 175 (July 2004 estimate). The per capita gross domestic product (GDP), in terms of purchasing power parity, is US$17 700 (2003 estimate) (Central Intelligence Agency, 2004). The illiteracy rate (among those aged over 15 years) is 1.9% (0.7% for males and 3% for females) (2003 estimate). Life expectancy at birth is 75.6 years (72.0 years for males and 79.5 years for females) and the infant mortality rate is 7.2 per 1000 births (2004 estimate). The unemployment rate is 3.4% (2003 estimate). The proportion of the population aged 65 and over is currently 8.7% (2004 estimate) (Korea National Statistics Office, 2003). Over 40% of the total Korean population (i.e. some 20 million) lives in Seoul and its vicinity. South Korea is highly urbanised and modernised. Besides central government, local government is based on seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces.
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Park NS, Jang Y, Chiriboga DA. Willingness to use mental health counseling and antidepressants in older Korean Americans: the role of beliefs and stigma about depression. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:97-110. [PMID: 27764962 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1246429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite a high prevalence of mental health problems, racial/ethnic minorities are often reluctant to seek mental health services. Their reluctance may be shaped by cultural beliefs and stigma about mental health. The present study examined how beliefs and stigma about depression (e.g. disbelief in depression as a health-related condition, perception of depression as a normal part of aging, and/or depression as a sign of personal weakness/family shame) pose barriers to older Korean Americans' willingness to use mental health counseling and antidepressants. METHOD Data were drawn from surveys with 420 Korean American older adults (Mage= 71.6, SD = 7.6) living in the New York City metropolitan area in 2010. Using a separate logistic regression model, the role of beliefs and stigma about depression in predicting participants' willingness to receive mental health counseling and to take antidepressants was tested. Based on Andersen's behavioral health service use model, the analysis was conducted in consideration of predisposing characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education, and acculturation), mental health needs (anxiety, depressive symptoms, and self-rated mental health), and enabling/hindering factors (beliefs and stigma). RESULTS Similar proportions of the sample (69-70%) indicated their willingness to use mental health counseling or antidepressants. Willingness was more likely among participants who had beliefs about depression as a health-related concern (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.15-3.27 for mental health counseling; OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 2.59-7.70 for antidepressants) and less likely among those who associated depression with family shame (OR = .55, 95% CI = 0.33-0.91 for mental health counseling; OR = .56, 95% CI = 0.33-0.95 for antidepressants). CONCLUSION In addressing mental health problems and promoting the use of mental health services, cultural beliefs and stigma shared within an ethnic community should be considered. Given that disbelief in the medical model of depression and family shame reduced willingness to use mental health counseling and antidepressants, promoting mental health literacy for older immigrants could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- a School of Social Work , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Yuri Jang
- b School of Social Work , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - David A Chiriboga
- c Department of Child and Family Studies , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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Shin C, Kim Y, Park S, Yoon S, Ko YH, Kim YK, Kim SH, Jeon SW, Han C. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression in General Population of Korea: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1861-1869. [PMID: 28960042 PMCID: PMC5639070 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.11.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is a common mental illness and remains a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The present study, a cross-sectional, nationwide, population-based survey assessed the prevalence of depression in the general population of Korea through a random sampling of the non-institutionalized population for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 was first introduced into the KNHANES to detect depression. The point prevalence of depression (PHQ score of 10 or higher) was 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7-7.6) in 4,949 subjects. Based on the analysis using the diagnostic algorithm of the PHQ-9, the prevalence of major depressive disorder was 2.7% (95% CI, 2.2-3.3). Multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting the sociodemographic variables, also showed that the factors associated with depression were perceived stress and health status. This study reported for the first time that the point prevalence of depression screened using the PHQ-9 in this nationwide survey of the Korean population was similar to that of the western countries. As the KNHANES to detect depression is conducted biennially, further studies on the accumulated data are expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolmin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seoyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yong Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
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Seo J, Choi B, Kim S, Lee H, Oh D. The relationship between multiple chronic diseases and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly populations: results of a 2009 korean community health survey of 156,747 participants. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:844. [PMID: 29070021 PMCID: PMC5657127 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between multiple chronic diseases and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly populations. Methods This study was performed using the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey, which targeted adults over the age of 40 (N = 156,747 participants, 88,749 aged 40–59 years and 67,998 aged ≥60 years). The Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-K) was used as the measurement tool for depressive symptoms (CES-D-K score over 16). Multiple chronic diseases were defined as the concurrent presence of two or more chronic diseases. Results The prevalence and risk ratios (RRs) of experiencing depressive symptoms increased in the presence of multiple chronic diseases and with the number of comorbidities. The RRs of experiencing depressive symptoms according to the presence of multiple chronic diseases were higher in the middle-aged population (adjusted RR, 1.939, 95% confidence limits (CL), 1.82-2.06) than in the elderly population (adjusted RR, 1.620, 95% CL, 1.55-1.69). In particular, middle-aged women who suffer from 4 or more chronic diseases have the highest RR (adjusted RR, 4.985, 95% CL, 4.13-6.03) for depressive symptoms. Conclusions Multiple chronic diseases are closely associated with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly populations. Given the mutual relationship between multiple chronic diseases and depressive symptoms, attention to and the assessment of depressive symptoms are needed in people with multiple chronic diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4798-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- JooYeon Seo
- Institute for Health and Society, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BoYoul Choi
- Institute for Health and Society, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinah Kim
- Center for Farmers' Safety & Health, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - HyeYoung Lee
- Institute for Health and Society, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - DongHoon Oh
- Institute for Health and Society, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea. .,Seulha Mental Health Clinic, Jeju, South Korea.
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Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, and Depressive Symptoms in International Migrants: A Study with Vietnamese Women in South Korea. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 20:1103-1108. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Age-specific association between body mass index and depression: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kim BN, Kwon SM. Initial Psychometric Properties of the Korean Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale: Preliminary Validation Study in a Non-Clinical Sample. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:562-567. [PMID: 29042880 PMCID: PMC5639123 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (K-ASRM) in a large sample of Korean non-clinical undergraduates. METHODS Participants (n=1,091) filled out the K-ASRM with other self-report questionnaires assessing bipolarity, mood symptoms and affect. Reliability test, exploratory factor analysis and correlation analyses were conducted to examine its psychometric properties. RESULTS The reliability of the K-ASRM was adequate (Cronbach's α=0.73, item-to-total correlation 0.53-0.78) and the exploratory factor analysis yielded one factor of mania. The K-ASRM demonstrated significant associations with measures of hypomanic personality (r=0.33), lifetime history of hypomanic symptoms (r=0.23). Also, the K-ASRM was significantly correlated with positive affect (r=0.53), negative affect (r=-0.17) and depressive symptoms (r=-0.35). CONCLUSION These results suggest preliminary possibility that the K-ASRM can be utilized as self-rating tool for mania in Korea as well as future directions for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Na Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Man Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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