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Panchavarnam S, Kollanoor RJ, Mulloorpeedikayil RG, Mohaideenpitchai MM, Palraj MK, Muthumariyapan S. Development of recombinant major capsid protein Vaccine and assessment of its efficacy against SRDV in similar damselfish (Pomacentrus similis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109035. [PMID: 37659655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Viral vaccines against emerging viral diseases are crucial for encouraging successful aquaculture production. In this research, an experimental recombinant major capsid protein vaccine of similar damselfish virus was prepared and examined for its efficacy in marine ornamental fish, similar damselfish (Pomacentrus similis). The MCP gene of the SRDV was amplified from the viral DNA by a specific primer set viz bamHI and XhoI- restriction sites and confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis with a target size of 1416 bp. The gel-purified PCR product was double-digested with the said enzymes and incorporated into the pTriEx1.1 vector, which was subsequently transformed to E. coli DH5α. The plasmids of the two clones pTriEx-MCP-1416-1 and pTriEx-MCP-1416-3 were transformed to E. coli BL21 (DE-3) pLacI. A crude protein compound derived from a colony of E. coli BL21 (DE-3) with expressed MCP inserts was used to evaluate efficacy in similar damselfish by intra-peritoneal injection. After the challenge with SRDV, damselfish vaccinated with recombinant protein showed a lower protection level, while the fish vaccinated with recombinant protein supplemented Quil-A® adjuvant showed an RPS of 26%. According to RPS values recorded from the vaccinated and non-vaccinated damselfish group, the recombinant protein vaccine conferred only marginal protection against the SRDV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Panchavarnam
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Riji John Kollanoor
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rosalind George Mulloorpeedikayil
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Mansoor Mohaideenpitchai
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Magesh Kumar Palraj
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvamagheswaran Muthumariyapan
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mondal H, Thomas J. A review on the recent advances and application of vaccines against fish pathogens in aquaculture. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL : JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE SOCIETY 2022; 30:1971-2000. [PMID: 35528247 PMCID: PMC9059915 DOI: 10.1007/s10499-022-00884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, aquaculture has faced serious economic problems due to bacterial, viral, and various other infectious diseases of different origins. Even though such diseases are being detected and simultaneously treated with several therapeutic and prophylactic methods, the broad-spectrum activity of vaccines plays a vital role as a preventive measure in aquaculture. However, treatments like use of antibiotics and probiotics seem to be less effective when new mutant strains develop and disease causing pathogens become resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, vaccines developed by using recent advanced molecular techniques can be considered as an effective way of treating disease causing pathogens in aquatic organisms. The present review emphasizes on the current advances in technology and future outlook with reference to different types of vaccines used in the aquaculture industries. Beginning with traditional killed/inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, this work culminates in the review of modern new generation ones including recombinant, synthetic peptides, mucosal and DNA, subunit, nanoparticle-based and plant-based edible vaccines, reverse vaccinology, and monovalent and polyvalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimanti Mondal
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
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Li SX, Yu F, Chen HX, Zhang XD, Meng LH, Hao K, Zhao Z. Characterization of Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein ORF59 and Its Potential Role on Virus Entry into the Host Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122393. [PMID: 34960662 PMCID: PMC8709185 DOI: 10.3390/v13122393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The channel catfish virus (CCV, Ictalurid herpesvirus 1) has caused sustained economic losses in the fish industry because of its strong infectivity and pathogenicity. Thus, it is necessary to determine the function of viral proteins in the CCV infection process. The present study aimed to characterize CCV glycoprotein ORF59 and explore its impact on virus infection in host cells. Firstly, its exclusive presence in the membrane fraction of the cell lysate and subcellular localization verified that CCV ORF59 is a viral membrane protein expressed at late-stage infection. A protein blocking assay using purified His6 tagged ORF59, expressed in sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system, indicated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of recombinant ORF59 protein on virus invasion. Knockdown of the ORF59 using a short hairpin (shRNA) showed that ORF59 silencing decreased the production of infectious virus particles in channel catfish ovary cells. The results of this study suggest that recombinant ORF59 protein might inhibit CCV entry into the host cells. These findings will promote future studies of the key functions of glycoprotein ORF59 during CCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xin Li
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (S.-X.L.); (F.Y.); (H.-X.C.); (X.-D.Z.); (L.-H.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (S.-X.L.); (F.Y.); (H.-X.C.); (X.-D.Z.); (L.-H.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Hong-Xun Chen
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (S.-X.L.); (F.Y.); (H.-X.C.); (X.-D.Z.); (L.-H.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (S.-X.L.); (F.Y.); (H.-X.C.); (X.-D.Z.); (L.-H.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Li-Hui Meng
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (S.-X.L.); (F.Y.); (H.-X.C.); (X.-D.Z.); (L.-H.M.); (K.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai Hao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (S.-X.L.); (F.Y.); (H.-X.C.); (X.-D.Z.); (L.-H.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (S.-X.L.); (F.Y.); (H.-X.C.); (X.-D.Z.); (L.-H.M.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-8378-7653
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4
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Yu F, Li S, Chen H, Hao K, Meng L, Yang J, Zhao Z. Multiple AT-rich sequences function as a cis-element in the ORF3 promoter in channel catfish virus (Ictaluridherpesvirus 1). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1609-1617. [PMID: 34192354 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The expression of herpesvirus genes during infection of tissue culture cells can be classified into three main classes: immediate-early (IE), early and late. The transcriptional regulation of herpesvirus IE genes is a critical regulatory step in the initiation of viral infection, with their regulation differing from that of early and late genes. Herein, we report that an IE gene (ORF3) promoter in channel catfish virus (CCV, Ictalurid herpesvirus 1) can be activated regardless of the presence or absence of CCV infection, indicating that the ORF3 promoter is efficiently driven by host-cell transcription factors in a viral infection-independent manner. The analysis of truncated promoter activity suggested that several transcription elements play a role in activating the ORF3 promoter, with the key cis-elements seemingly located in the flanking sequence of the start codon ATG. We further found that this flanking sequence contained multiple AT-rich sequences, and systematic mutational analyses showed that these AT-rich sequences affected normal transcription levels of the ORF3 promoter. To summarize, multiple AT-rich domains, representing the novel architecture of IE gene promoters in Ictalurid herpesvirus 1, serve as a cis-element for ORF3 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxun Chen
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Hao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihui Meng
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Venugopalan A, Griffin MJ, Wise DJ, White D, Ford L, López-Porras A, Camus AC, Hanson LA. Virulence and immunogenicity of blue catfish alloherpesvirus in channel, blue and blue × channel hybrid catfish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1399-1409. [PMID: 34028055 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blue catfish alloherpesvirus (BCAHV) is a novel virus isolated from the blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus). To date, the ultrastructure, virulence and immunogenicity of BCAHV have not been reported. Given the importance of blue catfish in producing channel ♀ (I. punctatus) × ♂ blue (I. furcatus) catfish hybrids and the increasing demand for hybrid catfish in the US catfish industry, the susceptibility of blue, channel and hybrid catfish to BCAHV was assessed. Further, the cross-protective potential of BCAHV against Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV1) was investigated in channel and hybrid catfish that survive BCAHV exposure. Neutralization assays revealed BCAHV is refractive (neutralization index [NI] = 0) to anti-IcHV1 monoclonal antibody Mab 95, compared to IcHV1 (NI = 1.8). Exposure of blue catfish fingerling to 1.3 × 105 TCID50 /L BCAHV produced cumulative mortality of 51.67 ± 0.70% and pathologic changes similar to those of channel catfish virus disease. No mortality was observed in channel or hybrid catfish. Twenty-eight days post-challenge, surviving channel and hybrid catfish were exposed to 9.4 × 104 TCID50 /L IcHV1 (LC50 dose), resulting in 100% relative per cent survival compared to naïve cohorts. These data provide baseline information for BCAHV and lay the groundwork for future studies. Data also identify BCAHV as a potential vaccine candidate against IcHV1. Based on host range and immunogenicity evaluations, in addition to genome sequence data from previous studies, BCAHV should be given consideration as a new species of Ictalurivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Venugopalan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - David J Wise
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Danielle' White
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Lorelei Ford
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Adrián López-Porras
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Alvin C Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Larry A Hanson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Hao K, Yuan S, Yu F, Chen XH, Bian WJ, Feng YH, Zhao Z. Acyclovir inhibits channel catfish virus replication and protects channel catfish ovary cells from apoptosis. Virus Res 2020; 292:198249. [PMID: 33253717 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The channel catfish virus (CCV) can cause lethal hemorrhagic infection in channel catfish, resulting in significant economic losses in the fish industry. Effective drugs for the virus are still lacking. Acyclovir is known as a potent antiviral agent against human herpes viruses and some animal DNA viruses. The present study was undertaken to explore the antiviral response and mechanism of acyclovir against CCV in channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells. Acyclovir was able to significantly inhibit the expression of viral genes related to CCV viral DNA synthesis and suppress viral replication at a safe concentration. Furthermore, acyclovir blocked the cytopathic effects and apoptosis induced by CCV, thereby maintaining the normal cellular morphological structure, as shown by the protection of CCO cells from the formation of apoptotic bodies or nuclear fragmentation. Moreover, reverse transcript quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that acyclovir suppressed the expression of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9, while there was no significant impact on the expression of the apoptosis-inhibiting gene bcl-2 in CCV-infected cells. In addition, acyclovir did not promote the expression of immune-related genes such as MyD88, Mx1, IRF3, IRF7, IFN-I, NF-kB and IL-1β, suggesting that the antiviral activity of acyclovir to CCV infection is not achieved by facilitating the expression of immune-related genes in CCO cells. Taken together, the results from this study suggest that acyclovir could effectively regulate CCV-induced infection, and thus is a promising therapeutic agent against CCV. Our results will aid our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiao Hui Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Wen Ji Bian
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Yong Hui Feng
- Aquatic science research Institute of xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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7
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Taylor EB, Chinchar VG, Quiniou SMA, Wilson M, Bengtén E. Cloning and characterization of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Virology 2019; 540:184-194. [PMID: 31929000 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of piscine anti-viral cytotoxic cells, we analyzed the response of channel catfish to Ictalurid herpesvirus 1, commonly designated channel catfish virus (CCV). Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from catfish immunized with MHC-matched, CCV-infected G14D cells (G14D-CCV) showed marked lysis of G14D-CCV but little to no lysis of uninfected allogenic (3B11) or syngeneic (G14D) cells. Expansion of effectors by in vitro culture in the presence of irradiated G14D-CCV cells generated cultures with enhanced cytotoxicity and often broader target range. Cytotoxic effectors expressed rearranged TCR genes, perforin, granzyme, and IFN-γ. Four clonal cytotoxic lines were developed and unique TCR gene rearrangements including γδ were detected. Furthermore, catfish CTL clones were either CD4+/CD8- or CD4-/CD8-. Two CTL lines showed markedly enhanced killing of G14D-CCV targets, while the other two lines displayed a broader target range. Collectively, catfish virus-specific CTL display unique features that illustrate the diversity of the ectothermic vertebrate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - V Gregory Chinchar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Sylvie M A Quiniou
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Melanie Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Eva Bengtén
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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Boutier M, Gao Y, Donohoe O, Vanderplasschen A. Current knowledge and future prospects of vaccines against cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:531-541. [PMID: 31369858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the world's most important and fastest growing food production sectors, with an average annual growth of 5.8% during the period 2001-2016. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the main aquatic species produced for human consumption and is the world's third most produced finfish. Koi carp, on the other hand, are grown as a popular ornamental fish. In the late 1990s, both of these sectors were threatened by the emergence of a deadly disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3; initially called koi herpesvirus or KHV). Since then, several research groups have focused their work on developing methods to fight this disease. Despite increasing knowledge about the pathobiology of this virus, there are currently no efficient and cost-effective therapeutic methods available to fight this disease. Facing the lack of efficient treatments, safe and efficacious prophylactic methods such as the use of vaccines represent the most promising approach to the control of this virus. The common carp production sector is not a heavily industrialized production sector and the fish produced have low individual value. Therefore, development of vaccine methods adapted to mass vaccination are more suitable. Multiple vaccine candidates against CyHV-3 have been developed and studied, including DNA, bacterial vector, inactivated, conventional attenuated and recombinant attenuated vaccines. However, there is currently only one vaccine commercially available in limited regions. The present review aims to summarize and evaluate the knowledge acquired from the study of these vaccines against CyHV-3 and provide discussion on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boutier
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Owen Donohoe
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Co Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Collins C, Lorenzen N, Collet B. DNA vaccination for finfish aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 85:106-125. [PMID: 30017931 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In fish, DNA vaccines have been shown to give very high protection in experimental facilities against a number of viral diseases, particularly diseases caused by rhabdoviruses. However, their efficacy in generating protection against other families of fish viral pathogens is less clear. One DNA vaccine is currently in use commercially in fish farms in Canada and the commercialisation of another was authorised in Europe in 2017. The mechanism of action of DNA vaccines, including the role of the innate immune responses induced shortly after DNA vaccination in the activation of the adaptive immunity providing longer term specific protection, is still not fully understood. In Europe the procedure for the commercialisation of a veterinary DNA vaccine requires the resolution of certain concerns particularly about safety for the host vaccinated fish, the consumer and the environment. Relating to consumer acceptance and particularly environmental safety, a key question is whether a DNA vaccinated fish is considered a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO). In the present opinion paper these key aspects relating to the mechanisms of action, and to the development and the use of DNA vaccines in farmed fish are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bertrand Collet
- Marine Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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10
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Zhang J, Li MF. ORF75 of megalocytivirus RBIV-C1: A global transcription regulator and an effective vaccine candidate. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:486-494. [PMID: 25982404 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Megalocytivirus, a DNA virus belonging to the Iridoviridae family, is a severe pathogen to a wide range of marine and freshwater fish. In this study, using turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) as a host model, we examined the immunoprotective property of one megalocytivirus gene, ORF75, in the form of DNA vaccine (named pORF75). Immunofluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR analysis showed that P444, the protein encoded by ORF75, was naturally produced in the tissues of turbot during megalocytivirus infection, and that the vaccine gene in pORF75 was expressed in fish cells transfected with pORF75 and in the tissues of turbot immunized with pORF75. Following vaccination of turbot with pORF75, a high level of survival (73%) was observed against a lethal megalocytivirus challenge. Consistently, viral replication in the vaccinated fish was significantly inhibited. Immune response analysis showed that pORF75-vaccinated fish (i) exhibited upregulated expression of the genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, (ii) possessed specific memory immune cells that showed significant response to secondary antigen stimulation, and (iii) produced specific serum antibodies which, when co-introduced into turbot with megalocytivirus, blocked viral replication. Furthermore, whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed that ORF75 knockdown altered the transcription of 43 viral genes. Taken together, these results indicate that ORF75 encoded a highly protective immunogen that is also a global transcription regulator of megalocytivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mo-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Cui LC, Guan XT, Liu ZM, Tian CY, Xu YG. Recombinant lactobacillus expressing G protein of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) combined with ORF81 protein of koi herpesvirus (KHV): A promising way to induce protective immunity against SVCV and KHV infection in cyprinid fish via oral vaccination. Vaccine 2015; 33:3092-9. [PMID: 25981489 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and koi herpesvirus (KHV) are highly contagious and pathogenic to cyprinid fish, causing enormous economic losses in aquaculture. Although DNA vaccines reported in recent years could induce protective immune responses in carps against these viruses via injection, there are a number of consequences and uncertainties related to DNA vaccination. Therefore, more effective and practical method to induce protective immunity such as oral administration would be highly desirable. In this study, we investigated the utilities of a genetically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) coexpressing glycoprotein (G) of SVCV and ORF81 protein of KHV as oral vaccine to induce protective immunity in carps via oral vaccination. The surface-displayed recombinant plasmid pYG-G-ORF81 was electroporated into L. plantarum, giving rise to LP/pYG-G-ORF81, where expression and localization of G-ORF81 fusion protein from the LP/pYG-G-ORF81 was identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. Bait feed particles containing the LP/pYG-G-ORF81 were used as vaccine to immunize carps via gastrointestinal route. Compared to control groups, the carps orally immunized with the LP/pYG-G-ORF81 were induced significant levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), and its immunogenicity was confirmed by viral loads reduction detected by PCR assay after virus challenge followed by an effective protection rate 71% in vaccinated carps and 53% in vaccinated koi until at days 65 post challenge, respectively. Our study here demonstrates, for the first time, the ability of recombinant L. plantarum as oral vaccine against SVCV and KHV infection in carps, suggesting a practical multivalent strategy for the control of spring viremia of carp and koi herpesvirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Cui
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Ting Guan
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong-Mei Liu
- Technology Center, Heilongjiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Harbin, China
| | | | - Yi-Gang Xu
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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12
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A Review of Intra- and Extracellular Antigen Delivery Systems for Virus Vaccines of Finfish. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:960859. [PMID: 26065009 PMCID: PMC4433699 DOI: 10.1155/2015/960859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy in aquaculture has for a long time depended on evaluating relative percent survival and antibody responses after vaccination. However, current advances in vaccine immunology show that the route in which antigens are delivered into cells is deterministic of the type of adaptive immune response evoked by vaccination. Antigens delivered by the intracellular route induce MHC-I restricted CD8+ responses while antigens presented through the extracellular route activate MHC-II restricted CD4+ responses implying that the route of antigen delivery is a conduit to induction of B- or T-cell immune responses. In finfish, different antigen delivery systems have been explored that include live, DNA, inactivated whole virus, fusion protein, virus-like particles, and subunit vaccines although mechanisms linking these delivery systems to protective immunity have not been studied in detail. Hence, in this review we provide a synopsis of different strategies used to administer viral antigens via the intra- or extracellular compartments. Further, we highlight the differences in immune responses induced by antigens processed by the endogenous route compared to exogenously processed antigens. Overall, we anticipate that the synopsis put together in this review will shed insights into limitations and successes of the current vaccination strategies used in finfish vaccinology.
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13
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Evensen Ø, Leong JAC. DNA vaccines against viral diseases of farmed fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1751-8. [PMID: 24184267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunization by an antigen-encoding DNA was approved for commercial sale in Canada against a Novirhabdovirus infection in fish. DNA vaccines have been particularly successful against the Novirhabdoviruses while there are reports on the efficacy against viral pathogens like infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, infectious salmon anemia virus, and lymphocystis disease virus and these are inferior to what has been attained for the novirhabdoviruses. Most recently, DNA vaccination of Penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus was reported. Research efforts are now focused on the development of more effective vectors for DNA vaccines, improvement of vaccine efficacy against various viral diseases of fish for which there is currently no vaccines available and provision of co-expression of viral antigen and immunomodulatory compounds. Scientists are also in the process of developing new delivery methods. While a DNA vaccine has been approved for commercial use in farmed salmon in Canada, it is foreseen that it is still a long way to go before a DNA vaccine is approved for use in farmed fish in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Evensen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Ma C, Ye J, Kaattari SL. Differential compartmentalization of memory B cells versus plasma cells in salmonid fish. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:360-70. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Ma
- College of Fisheries; Ocean University of China; Qingdao China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources; the Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Department of Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health; Virginia Institute of Marine Science; College of William and Mary; Gloucester Point VA USA
| | - Stephen L. Kaattari
- Department of Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health; Virginia Institute of Marine Science; College of William and Mary; Gloucester Point VA USA
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15
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Sarropoulou E, Galindo-Villegas J, García-Alcázar A, Kasapidis P, Mulero V. Characterization of European sea bass transcripts by RNA SEQ after oral vaccine against V. anguillarum. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:634-642. [PMID: 22790793 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is, along with the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), one of the most extensively cultured species in European aquaculture productions. Massive mortalities may be caused by bacterial or viral infections in intensive aquaculture production. Evaluation of the efficacy of an oral vaccine against Vibrio anguillarum (Aquavac Vibrio Oral) in sea bass revealed specific immune gene expression profiles in the gut as well as protection of fish. In the present study, we performed RNA SEQ in two different tissues: the hind gut and the head kidney. For each tissue, one control sample (where a sample presents a pool of four to five individuals) and one sample after oral vaccine against V. anguillarum were submitted to 454 next-generation sequencing. In total, 269,043 sequences were obtained, 143,007 for head kidney and 125,036 for gut. The read lengths ranged from 40 to 706 bp with an average length of 348 bp. The total number of clustered sequences for head kidney is accounting to 49,089 (∼34 %) and for gut to 71,676 (~57 %). Differential expression was detected for 496 transcripts in head kidney and for 336 in gut. The results not only enrich the present collection of expressed sequence tag sequences including rare transcripts like leukocyte immune-type receptors, cullin, or supervillin but also show the efficacy of oral vaccination against V. anguillarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sarropoulou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece.
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16
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Ou-yang Z, Wang P, Huang Y, Huang X, Wan Q, Zhou S, Wei J, Zhou Y, Qin Q. Selection and identification of Singapore grouper iridovirus vaccine candidate antigens using bioinformatics and DNA vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 149:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Yuan J, Wang W, Chen X, Tang R, Wang M, Li L. Identification of envelope protein ORF10 of channel catfish herpesvirus. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:271-7. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Channel catfish virus (CCV) is a viral pathogen of fry and fingerling channel catfish and can cause significant commercial loss. Previous studies have shown that the CCV virion contains at least 25 predicted structural proteins, including viral protein 10, which is encoded by the orf10 gene of the CCV. In this paper, the orf10 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and used to produce a specific antibody. Western blot analysis confirmed that open reading frame 10 is an envelope protein. A viral neutralization assay demonstrated that open reading frame 10 antiserum was able to inhibit CCV infection of channel catfish ovary cells, suggesting that viral protein 10 is likely to play an important role in the CCV infection of channel catfish ovary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfa Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Hanson L, Dishon A, Kotler M. Herpesviruses that infect fish. Viruses 2011; 3:2160-91. [PMID: 22163339 PMCID: PMC3230846 DOI: 10.3390/v3112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are host specific pathogens that are widespread among vertebrates. Genome sequence data demonstrate that most herpesviruses of fish and amphibians are grouped together (family Alloherpesviridae) and are distantly related to herpesviruses of reptiles, birds and mammals (family Herpesviridae). Yet, many of the biological processes of members of the order Herpesvirales are similar. Among the conserved characteristics are the virion structure, replication process, the ability to establish long term latency and the manipulation of the host immune response. Many of the similar processes may be due to convergent evolution. This overview of identified herpesviruses of fish discusses the diseases that alloherpesviruses cause, the biology of these viruses and the host-pathogen interactions. Much of our knowledge on the biology of Alloherpesvirdae is derived from research with two species: Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (channel catfish virus) and Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (koi herpesvirus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Hanson
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | - Arnon Dishon
- KoVax Ltd., P.O. Box 45212, Bynet Build., Har Hotzvim Inds. Pk., Jerusalem 97444, Israel; E-Mail:
| | - Moshe Kotler
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical School, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; E-Mail:
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hadassah Medical School, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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19
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Immune Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Vaccine against Lymphocystis Disease Virus: Analysis of Different Immunization Strategies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:729216. [PMID: 21789044 PMCID: PMC3140788 DOI: 10.1155/2011/729216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the construction of a vaccine against lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) using nucleic acid vaccination technology. A fragment of the major capsid protein encoding gene from an LCDV isolated from China (LCDV-cn) was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N2, yielding a recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2-LCDV-cn0.6 kb. This plasmid was immediately expressed after liposomal transfer into the Japanese flounder embryo cell line. The recombinant plasmid was inoculated into Japanese flounder via two routes (intramuscular injection and hypodermic injection) at three doses (0.1, 5, and 15 μg), and then T-lymphopoiesis in different tissues and antibodies raised against LCDV were evaluated. The results indicated that this recombinant plasmid induced unique humoral or cell-mediated immune responses depending on the inoculation route and conferred immune protection. Furthermore, the humoral immune responses and protective effects were significantly increased at higher vaccine doses via the two injection routes. Plasmid pEGFP-N2-LCDV0.6 kb is therefore a promising vaccine candidate against LCDV in Japanese flounder.
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20
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Shimmoto H, Kawai K, Ikawa T, Oshima SI. Protection of red sea bream Pagrus major against red sea bream iridovirus infection by vaccination with a recombinant viral protein. Microbiol Immunol 2010; 54:135-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Modulation of the early immune response against viruses by a teleostean interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 152:440-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Chitosan microspheres as candidate plasmid vaccine carrier for oral immunisation of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:220-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Tonheim TC, Bøgwald J, Dalmo RA. What happens to the DNA vaccine in fish? A review of current knowledge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 25:1-18. [PMID: 18448358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of DNA vaccines, a bacterial plasmid DNA containing a construct for a given protective antigen, is to establish specific and long-lasting protective immunity against diseases where conventional vaccines fail to induce protection. It is acknowledged that less effort has been made to study the fate, in terms of cellular uptake, persistence and degradation, of DNA vaccines after in vivo administration. However, during the last year some papers have given new insights into the fate of DNA vaccines in fish. By comparing the newly acquired information in fish with similar knowledge from studies in mammals, similarities with regard to transport, blood clearance, cellular uptake and degradation of DNA vaccines have been found. But the amount of DNA vaccine redistributed from the administration site after intramuscular administration seems to differ between fish and mammals. This review presents up-to-date and in-depth knowledge concerning the fate of DNA vaccines with emphasis on tissue distribution, cellular uptake and uptake mechanism(s) before finally describing the intracellular hurdles that DNA vaccines need to overcome in order to produce their gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Christian Tonheim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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24
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Hu X, Camus AC, Aono S, Morrison EE, Dennis J, Nusbaum KE, Judd RL, Shi J. Channel catfish hepcidin expression in infection and anemia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 30:55-69. [PMID: 17126400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin, originally identified as a 25 amino acid antimicrobial peptide made in the liver, is a key regulator of iron balance and recycling in humans and mice. Closely related hepcidin genes and peptides have also been identified in a number of fish species and in teleosts are thought to function as endogenous antibiotics involved in host defense against infection. Here we report the transcriptional regulation of hepcidin expression by infection and anemia in the channel catfish. Changes in hepcidin expression in catfish challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri and in fish affected by channel catfish anemia (CCA) were measured by real time quantitative PCR. Hepcidin transcript levels in the livers were increased 4, 19, and 22-fold at 4, 24, and 48h following bacterial challenge, respectively. However, augmented hepcidin expression in the intestine and olfactory sac was detected only at 48h post-infection. Hepcidin transcript levels in the livers of catfish affected by CCA were less than 14% of that present in healthy counterparts. Hepatic hepcidin transcript levels correlated significantly with serum iron concentrations (r=0.54, p<0.05) and with the percent saturation of transferrin (r=0.63, p<0.05). Similar to mammalian hepcidins, channel catfish hepcidin is an iron-responsive gene and may also play important roles in innate host defense to infection and in iron homeostasis. Mammalian hepcidins may have evolved from an antimicrobial peptide and its structure and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyou Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 212 Greene Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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25
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Caipang CMA, Takano T, Hirono I, Aoki T. Genetic vaccines protect red seabream, Pagrus major, upon challenge with red seabream iridovirus (RSIV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 21:130-8. [PMID: 16359871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the protective effect of immunization of juvenile red seabream, Pagrus major, with DNA plasmids encoding the viral major capsid protein (MCP) and an open reading frame (ORF) containing a transmembrane domain against red seabream iridovirus (RSIV). The expression of the MHC class I transcript in the DNA-vaccinated fish was significantly upregulated at the 15th day post-vaccination and the relative level of expression was maintained until the 30th day post-vaccination. This pattern of expression was similar in fish vaccinated with a commercially prepared formalin-inactivated RSIV vaccine. In vaccine efficiency tests, the relative percentage survival (RPS) of fish receiving the DNA vaccines and their combination ranged from 42.8 to 71.4% in two experimental runs, and these were significantly different from the control groups. Our results clearly demonstrate that DNA vaccines are able to induce robust protection in fish against RSIV infection, and a cellular immune response as shown by the upregulation of the MHC class I transcript after vaccination, which may be associated with such protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Marlowe A Caipang
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato 108-8477, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Kanellos T, Sylvester ID, D'Mello F, Howard CR, Mackie A, Dixon PF, Chang KC, Ramstad A, Midtlyng PJ, Russell PH. DNA vaccination can protect Cyprinus Carpio against spring viraemia of carp virus. Vaccine 2006; 24:4927-33. [PMID: 16650915 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several DNA constructs containing the spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) glycoprotein (G) gene were investigated for their ability to induce protection against SVCV following injection into myofibres. The constructs were pooled into four groups and co-injected with a plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Group 1 contained one full-length and two truncated G constructs under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Group 2 contained full-length constructs with the CMV promoter, the simian virus 40 promoter and a muscle-specific promoter. Group 3 contained constructs in which the G-gene was fused with a second gene in order to improve secretion of the G-protein or to enhance destruction of transfected myocytes by T cells. Group 4 contained constructs with the CMV-Intron A promoter in plasmids with or without CpG motifs. A small-scale trial in goldfish showed that antibody responses in at least half the fish were induced by three injections of plasmids from Groups 1 and 3 whereas T-cell like responses with stimulation indices of above 3 were induced in at least half the fish by Groups 2 and 4. A single-dose of each plasmid mix was then used to protect carp in a large-scale trial. Following challenge with a heterologous strain of SVCV that killed 64% of fish, the strongest protection was observed in carp that received the full length G-gene expressed by two plasmids driven by the CMV-Intron A promoter (Group 4), with a relative percentage survival of 48% (p=0.00008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofanis Kanellos
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
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27
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Caipang CMA, Hirono I, Aoki T. Immunogenicity, retention and protective effects of the protein derivatives of formalin-inactivated red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) vaccine in red seabream, Pagrus major. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 20:597-609. [PMID: 16213752 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A formalin-inactivated virus was previously found to be efficient in protecting fish against challenge with red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), a DNA virus belonging to the Iridoviridae family. In the present study, we determined the amount of the virus in the vaccine in terms of the number of copies of the gene for the major capsid protein (MCP) gene by quantitative real-time PCR and examined the longevity and types of immune response generated after intramuscular vaccination. We also tested whether the protein components of the vaccine are able to mount a protective immune response in fish. The vaccine contained 10(7) MCP copies per microliter of vaccine, and was detected in blood, kidney and spleen of vaccinated fish up to 15 days post-vaccination. Fish vaccinated with either the intact formalin-inactivated vaccine or its protein derivatives had increased serum neutralization antibodies and enhanced expression of MHC class I, although the kinetics of expression varied among groups. However, only those vaccinated with the intact vaccine survived the virus challenge, and this indicates that serum neutralization antibodies have scarce role in protecting the fish against RSIV. We hypothesize that the cell-mediated immunity, particularly the MHC class I pathway is responsible for such protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Marlowe A Caipang
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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28
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Aleström P, Holter JL, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R. Zebrafish in functional genomics and aquatic biomedicine. Trends Biotechnol 2006; 24:15-21. [PMID: 16309768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has many features that make it an ideal model for the study of developmental biology. It is small and easy to contain, it has transparent embryos, it is easy to breed and its early development is well characterized; these same characteristics have also made it an ideal vertebrate model in the areas of biomedicine and biotechnology. In aquaculture, the need for a well-characterized fish model has been satisfied by the zebrafish owing to the availability of functional genomics and molecular biology data to facilitate studies of growth, reproduction, meat quality and disease biology, with the corresponding development of vaccines and therapies. Zebrafish are also increasingly used in toxicogenomics to analyze the effects of toxins and pollutants in the environment, and for creating biomonitors that emit alarm signals when a toxic compound is detected. As detailed in this review, the zebrafish is a versatile and well-characterized model with applications in many fields of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aleström
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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29
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Sommerset I, Skern R, Biering E, Bleie H, Fiksdal IU, Grove S, Nerland AH. Protection against Atlantic halibut nodavirus in turbot is induced by recombinant capsid protein vaccination but not following DNA vaccination. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 18:13-29. [PMID: 15450965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fish nodaviruses (betanodaviruses) are small, non-enveloped icosahedral single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that can cause viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) in a number of cultured marine teleost species, including Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). A recombinant protein vaccine and a DNA vaccine were produced, based on the same capsid-encoding region of the Atlantic halibut nodavirus (AHNV) genome, and tested for protection in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Vaccine efficacy was demonstrated in the fish vaccinated with recombinant capsid protein but not in the DNA-vaccinated fish, despite the fact that in vivo expression of the DNA vaccine-encoded antigen was confirmed by RNA in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. Combined DNA and recombinant vaccine administration did not improve the effect of the latter. Surprisingly, fish vaccinated with 50 microg recombinant protein demonstrated a threefold lower survival rate than the two groups that received 10 microg recombinant protein. Neither the recombinant protein vaccine nor the DNA vaccine induced anti-viral antibodies 9 weeks after immunisation, while antibodies reactive with the recombinant protein were detectable mainly in fish vaccinated with 50 microg recombinant protein. The study also demonstrates evidence of viral replication inside the myocytes of intramuscularly challenged fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Sommerset
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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30
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Wise DJ, Camus AC, Schwedler TE, Terhune JS. 15 Health management. BIOLOGY AND CULTURE OF CHANNEL CATFISH 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9309(04)80017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Verri T, Ingrosso L, Chiloiro R, Danieli A, Zonno V, Alifano P, Romano N, Scapigliati G, Vilella S, Storelli C. Assessment of DNA vaccine potential for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) by intramuscular injection of a reporter gene. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 15:283-295. [PMID: 12969650 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-4648(02)00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Naked circular plasmid DNA containing the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-promoter-driven lacZ reporter gene (pCMV-LacZ) was injected in the epaxial muscle of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). A mosaic pattern of expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in the myofibres at the site of injection was visualised by in situ histochemical staining using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. As measured by o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside assay, beta-gal enzymatic activity was found to steadily increase for at least 50 days post injection (p.i.) in pCMV-LacZ-injected muscle. In parallel, foreign DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in injected muscles (but not in other tissues) up to 60 days p.i., persisting most probably in an extrachromosomal, non-replicative, circular form. Neither beta-gal activity nor pCMV-LacZ-related amplification products were found 90 days p.i. Antibodies against beta-gal were demonstrated in pCMV-LacZ-injected fish sampled 45 days p.i. The results suggest that intramuscular delivery of foreign genes represents a realistic approach for DNA vaccine technology for the prevention of infectious diseases in gilthead sea bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Lecce, via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy.
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Abstract
Over the past 15 years researchers have generated stable lines of several species of transgenic fish important for aquaculture. 'All-fish' growth hormone (GH) gene constructs and antifreeze protein (AFP) genes have been successfully introduced into the fish genome resulting in a significant acceleration of growth rate and an increase in cold and freeze tolerance. However, neither gene modification is completely understood; there are still questions to be resolved. Expression rates are still low, producing variable growth enhancement rates and less than desired levels of freeze resistance. Transgene strategies are also being developed to provide improved pathogen resistance and modified metabolism for better utilization of the diet. Additional challenges are to tailor the genetically modified fish strains to prevent release of the modified genes into the environment.
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Leitner WW. Myth, menace or medical blessing? The clinical potential and problems of genetic vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2003; 3:1-4. [PMID: 12718726 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.3.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Huebener N, Lode HN. AACR Special Conference in cancer research: ubiquitination in normal and cancer cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2003; 3:187-92. [PMID: 12718741 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.3.1.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The AACR Special Conference 2002 for Ubiquitination in Normal and Cancer Cells took place in Vancouver, BC, Canada. It was, indeed, special: a "special" location, a "special" audience and excellent talks that gave a detailed insight into the ubiquitination/proteasome-field. The following meeting highlights try to give a summary of some topics covered at the meeting, from basic research to successful applications of therapeutic agents, starting with cellular regulation, describing recently discovered structural features of enzymes involved in de-/ubiquitination, and, finally, presenting proteasome inhibition as a new approach in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Huebener
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Charite Children's Hospital, Experimental Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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