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Milewska-Kranc A, Ćwikła JB, Kolasinska-Ćwikła A. The Role of Receptor-Ligand Interaction in Somatostatin Signaling Pathways: Implications for Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:116. [PMID: 38201544 PMCID: PMC10778465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from neuroendocrine cells and manifest in diverse organs. Key players in their regulation are somatostatin and its receptors (SSTR1-SSTR5). Understanding receptor-ligand interactions and signaling pathways is vital for elucidating their role in tumor development and therapeutic potential. This review highlights SSTR characteristics, localization, and expression in tissues, impacting physiological functions. Mechanisms of somatostatin and synthetic analogue binding to SSTRs, their selectivity, and their affinity were analyzed. Upon activation, somatostatin initiates intricate intracellular signaling, involving cAMP, PLC, and MAP kinases and influencing growth, differentiation, survival, and hormone secretion in NETs. This review explores SSTR expression in different tumor types, examining receptor activation effects on cancer cells. SSTRs' significance as therapeutic targets is discussed. Additionally, somatostatin and analogues' role in hormone secretion regulation, tumor growth, and survival is emphasized, presenting relevant therapeutic examples. In conclusion, this review advances the knowledge of receptor-ligand interactions and signaling pathways in somatostatin receptors, with potential for improved neuroendocrine tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarosław B. Ćwikła
- School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Aleja Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Diagnostic Therapeutic Center–Gammed, Lelechowska 5, 02-351 Warsaw, Poland
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Börzsei R, Borbély É, Kántás B, Hudhud L, Horváth Á, Szőke É, Hetényi C, Helyes Z, Pintér E. The heptapeptide somatostatin analogue TT-232 exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions via SST 4 receptor activation: In silico, in vitro and in vivo evidence in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115419. [PMID: 36693436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the conventional and adjuvant analgesics have limited effectiveness frequently accompanied by serious side effects, development of novel, potent pain killers for chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions is a big challenge. Somatostatin (SS) regulates endocrine, vascular, immune and neuronal functions, cell proliferation through 5 Gi protein-coupled receptors (SST1-SST5). SS released from the capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves mediates anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects without endocrine actions via SST4. The therapeutic use of the native SS is limited by its diverse biological actions and short plasma elimination half-life. Therefore, SST4 selective SS analogues could be promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug candidates with new mode of action. TT-232 is a cyclic heptapeptide showing great affinity to SST4 and SST1. Here, we report the in silico SST4 receptor binding mechanism, in vitro binding (competition assay) and cAMP- decreasing effect of TT-232 in SST4-expressing CHO cells, as well as its analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions in chronic neuropathic pain and arthritis models using wildtype and SST4-deficient mice. TT-232 binds to SST4 with similar interaction energy (-11.03 kcal/mol) to the superagonist J-2156, displaces somatostatin from SST4 binding (10 nM to 30 µM) and inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (EC50: 371.6 ± 58.03 nmol; Emax: 78.63 ± 2.636 %). Its i.p. injection (100, 200 µg/kg) results in significant, 35.7 % and 50.4 %, analgesic effects upon single administration in chronic neuropathic pain and repeated injection in arthritis models in wildtype, but not in SST4-deficient mice. These results provide evidence that the analgesic effect of TT-232 is mediated by SST4 activation, which might open novel drug developmental potentials. Chemical compounds Chemical compounds studied in this article TT-232 (PubChem CID: 74053735).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Börzsei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Boglárka Kántás
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Lina Hudhud
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus str. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Algonist Biotechnologies GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse str. 22, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi str. 10, H-7629 Pécs, Hungary; Algonist Biotechnologies GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse str. 22, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi str. 10, H-7629 Pécs, Hungary; Algonist Biotechnologies GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse str. 22, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
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Aberrant Methylation of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Gene Is Initiated in Aged Gastric Mucosa Infected with Helicobacter pylori and Consequential Gene Silencing Is Associated with Establishment of Inflammatory Microenvironment In Vitro Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246183. [PMID: 36551669 PMCID: PMC9777158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss-of-function variants are thought to be associated with inflammation in the stomach. We here aimed to evaluate the extent and role of methylation at the SSTR2 promoter in inflammation and gastric tumor formation. A whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed that the SSTR2 promoter was significantly hypermethylated in gastric tumors, dysplasia, and intestinal metaplasia compared to non-tumor tissues from patients with gastric cancer. Using public data, we confirmed SSTR2 promoter methylation in primary gastric tumors and intestinal metaplasia, and even aged gastric mucosae infected with Helicobacter pylori, suggesting that aberrant methylation is initiated in normal gastric mucosa. The loss-of-function of SSTR2 in SNU638 cell-induced cell proliferation in vitro, while stable transfection of SSTR2 in AGS and MKN74 cells inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. As revealed by a comparison of target genes differentially expressed in these cells with hallmark molecular signatures, inflammation-related pathways were distinctly induced in SSTR2-KO SNU638 cell. By contrast, inflammation-related pathways were inhibited in AGS and MKN74 cells ectopically expressing SSTR2. Collectively, we propose that SSTR2 silencing upon promoter methylation is initiated in aged gastric mucosae infected with H. pylori and promotes the establishment of an inflammatory microenvironment via the intrinsic pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the initiation of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Börzsei R, Zsidó BZ, Bálint M, Helyes Z, Pintér E, Hetényi C. Exploration of Somatostatin Binding Mechanism to Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 4. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136878. [PMID: 35805885 PMCID: PMC9266823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (also named as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone or somatotropin release-inhibiting factor) is a regulatory peptide important for the proper functioning of the endocrine system, local inflammatory reactions, mood and motor coordination, and behavioral responses to stress. Somatostatin exerts its effects via binding to G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors of which the fourth subtype (SSTR4) is a particularly important receptor mediating analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-depressant effects without endocrine actions. Thus, SSTR4 agonists are promising drug candidates. Although the knowledge of the atomic resolution-binding modes of SST would be essential for drug development, experimental elucidation of the structures of SSTR4 and its complexes is still awaiting. In the present study, structures of the somatostatin–SSTR4 complex were produced using an unbiased, blind docking approach. Beyond the static structures, the binding mechanism of SST was also elucidated in the explicit water molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, and key binding modes (external, intermediate, and internal) were distinguished. The most important residues on both receptor and SST sides were identified. An energetic comparison of SST binding to SSTR4 and 2 offered a residue-level explanation of receptor subtype selectivity. The calculated structures show good agreement with available experimental results and indicate that somatostatin binding is realized via prerequisite binding modes and an induced fit mechanism. The identified binding modes and the corresponding key residues provide useful information for future drug design targeting SSTR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Börzsei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mónika Bálint
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Algonist Gmbh, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- PharmInVivo Ltd., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Algonist Gmbh, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- PharmInVivo Ltd., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (R.B.); (B.Z.Z.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (E.P.)
- János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Liu L, Liu H, Xu S, Zhang S, Tao Y, Mok GSP, Chen Y. The Impact of Total Variation Regularized Expectation Maximization Reconstruction on 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT Images in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumor. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:845806. [PMID: 35360749 PMCID: PMC8963366 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.845806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the total variation regularized expectation maximization (TVREM) reconstruction on improving 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT images compared to the ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction.MethodA total of 17 patients with neuroendocrine tumors who underwent clinical 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT were involved in this study retrospectively. The PET images were acquired with either 3 min-per-bed (min/bed) acquisition time and reconstructed with OSEM (2 iterations, 20 subsets, and a 3.2-mm Gaussian filter) and TVREM (seven penalization factors = 0.01, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.42) for 2 and 3 min-per-bed (min/bed) acquisition time using list-mode. The SUVmean of the liver, background variability (BV), signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), SUVmax of the lesions and tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) were measured. The mean percentage difference in the SNR and TBR between TVREM with difference penalization factors and OSEM was calculated. Qualitative image quality was evaluated by two experienced radiologists using a 5-point score scale (5-excellent, 1-poor).ResultsIn total, 63 lesions were analyzed in this study. The SUVmean of the liver did not differ significantly between TVREM and OSEM. The BV of all TVREM groups was lower than OSEM groups (all p < 0.05), and the BV of TVREM 2 min/bed group with penalization factor of 0.21 was considered comparable to OSEM 3 min/bed group (p = 0.010 and 0.006). The SNR, SUVmax and TBR were higher for all TVREM groups compared to OSEM groups (all p < 0.05). The mean percentage difference in the SNR and TBR was larger for small lesions (<10 mm) than that for medium (≥10 mm but < 20 mm) and large lesions (≥20 mm). The highest image quality score was given to TVREM 2 min/bed group with penalization factor of 0.21 (3.77 ± 0.26) and TVREM 3 min/bed group with penalization factor of 0.35 (3.77 ± 0.26).ConclusionTVREM could reduce image noise, improve the SNR, SUVmax and TBR of the lesions, and has the potential to preserves the image quality with shorter acquisition time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Hanxiang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Greta S. P. Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Chen
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Guidoccio F, Valdés Olmos RA, Vidal-Sicart S, Orsini F, Giammarile F, Mariani G. Radioguided surgery for intraoperative detection of occult lesions. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Anzola Fuentes LK. Salivary gland scintigraphy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Gubbi S, Koch CA, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J. Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:896287. [PMID: 35712243 PMCID: PMC9197113 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.896287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment options that are currently available for management of metastatic, progressive radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), and medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs) are limited. While there are several systemic targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, that are being evaluated and implemented in the treatment of these cancers, such therapies are associated with serious, sometimes life-threatening, adverse events. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has the potential to be an effective and safe modality for treating patients with somatostatin receptor (SSTR)+ RAI-refractory DTCs and MTCs. MTCs and certain sub-types of RAI-refractory DTCs, such as Hürthle cell cancers which are less responsive to conventional modalities of treatment, have demonstrated a favorable response to treatment with PRRT. While the current literature offers hope for utilization of PRRT in thyroid cancer, several areas of this field remain to be investigated further, especially head-to-head comparisons with other systemic targeted therapies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive outlook on the current translational and clinical data on the use of various PRRTs, including diagnostic utility of somatostatin analogs, theranostic properties of PRRT, and the potential areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Gubbi
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christian A. Koch
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska,
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Regulatory Peptides in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413656. [PMID: 34948451 PMCID: PMC8707337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous regulatory peptides play a critical role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation, airflow obstruction and hyperresponsiveness, which are hallmarks of asthma. Some of them exacerbate asthma symptoms, such as neuropeptide Y and tachykinins, while others have ameliorating properties, such as nociception, neurotensin or β-defensin 2. Interacting with peptide receptors located in the lungs or on immune cells opens up new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of asthma, especially when it is resistant to available therapies. This article provides a concise review of the most important and current findings regarding the involvement of regulatory peptides in asthma pathology.
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10
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Van Derveer AB, Bastos G, Ferrell AD, Gallimore CG, Greene ML, Holmes JT, Kubricka V, Ross JM, Hamm JP. A Role for Somatostatin-Positive Interneurons in Neuro-Oscillatory and Information Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1385-1398. [PMID: 33370434 PMCID: PMC8379548 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in neocortical GABAergic interneurons (INs) have been affiliated with neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia (SZ). Significant progress has been made linking the function of a specific subtype of GABAergic cells, parvalbumin (PV) positive INs, to altered gamma-band oscillations, which, in turn, underlie perceptual and feedforward information processing in cortical circuits. Here, we review a smaller but growing volume of literature focusing on a separate subtype of neocortical GABAergic INs, somatostatin (SST) positive INs. Despite sharing similar neurodevelopmental origins, SSTs exhibit distinct morphology and physiology from PVs. Like PVs, SSTs are altered in postmortem brain samples from multiple neocortical regions in SZ, although basic and translational research into consequences of SST dysfunction has been relatively sparse. We highlight a growing body of work in rodents, which now indicates that SSTs may also underlie specific aspects of cortical circuit function, namely low-frequency oscillations, disinhibition, and mediation of cortico-cortical feedback. SSTs may thereby support the coordination of local cortical information processing with more global spatial, temporal, and behavioral context, including predictive coding and working memory. These functions are notably deficient in some cases of SZ, as well as other neuropsychiatric disorders, emphasizing the importance of focusing on SSTs in future translational studies. Finally, we highlight the challenges that remain, including subtypes within the SST class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Van Derveer
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Georgia Bastos
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Antanovia D Ferrell
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Connor G Gallimore
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michelle L Greene
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jacob T Holmes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vivien Kubricka
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jordan M Ross
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jordan P Hamm
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA
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Sakthivel P, Thakar A, Arunraj ST, Bhalla AS, Prashanth A, Kumar R. Fusion 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/MRI in Primary Juvenile Nasal Angiofibroma. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e389-e390. [PMID: 33630795 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Somatostatin cell surface receptors are expressed in many different benign and malignant tumors and are often exploited for imaging and therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. A 17-year-old adolescent boy with clinicoradiologically diagnosed JNA (juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma) also underwent 68Ga-DOTANOC PET to explore somatostatin cell surface receptors' expression and its theranostic potential. Fusion PET/MRI, a novel imaging technology, exactly depicted the anatomical extensions of the tumor with avid DOTANOC uptake. This software-based fusion technique is advantageous for easy early recurrence identification, better delineation from postoperative scar tissue, for planning the exact target volumes for stereotactic radiotherapy therapy of inoperable/residual/recurrent JNAs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirabu Sakthivel
- From the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Alok Thakar
- From the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | - Ashu Seith Bhalla
- Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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12
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Somatostatin, a Presynaptic Modulator of Glutamatergic Signal in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115864. [PMID: 34070785 PMCID: PMC8198526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is widely diffused in the central nervous system, where it participates to control the efficiency of synaptic transmission. This peptide mainly colocalizes with GABA, in inhibitory, GABA-containing interneurons from which it is actively released in a Ca2+ dependent manner upon application of depolarizing stimuli. Once released in the synaptic cleft, somatostatin acts locally, or it diffuses in the extracellular space through "volume diffusion", a mechanism(s) of distribution which mainly operates in the cerebrospinal fluid and that assures the progression of neuronal signalling from signal-secreting sender structures towards receptor-expressing targeted neurons located extrasynaptically, in a non-synaptic, inter-neuronal form of communication. Somatostatin controls the efficiency of central glutamate transmission by either modulating presynaptically the glutamate exocytosis or by metamodulating the activity of glutamate receptors colocalized and functionally coupled with somatostatin receptors in selected subpopulations of nerve terminals. Deciphering the role of somatostatin in the mechanisms of "volume diffusion" and in the "receptor-receptor interaction" unveils new perspectives in the central role of this fine tuner of synaptic strength, paving the road to new therapeutic approaches for the cure of central disorders.
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13
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Askari Rizvi SF, Zhang H. Emerging trends of receptor-mediated tumor targeting peptides: A review with perspective from molecular imaging modalities. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113538. [PMID: 34022717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural peptides extracted from natural components such are known to have a relatively short in-vivo half-life and can readily metabolize by endo- and exo-peptidases. Fortunately, synthetic peptides can be easily manipulated to increase in-vivo stability, membrane permeability and target specificity with some well-known natural families. Many natural as well as synthetic peptides target to their endogenous receptors for diagnosis and therapeutic applications. In order to detect these peptides externally, they must be modified with radionuclides compatible with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET). Although, these techniques mainly rely on physiological changes and have profound diagnostic strength over anatomical modalities such as MRI and CT. However, both SPECT and PET observed to possess lack of anatomical reference frame which is a key weakness of these techniques, and unfortunately, cannot be available freely in most clinical centres especially in under-developing countries. Hence, it is need of the time to design and develop economic, patient friendly and versatile strategies to grapple with existing problems without any hazardous side effects. Optical molecular imaging (OMI) has emerged as a novel technique in field of medical science using fluorescent probes as imaging modality and has ability to couple with organic drugs, small molecules, chemotherapeutics, DNA, RNA, anticancer peptide and protein without adding chelators as necessary for radionuclides. Furthermore, this review focuses on difference in imaging modalities and provides ample knowledge about reliable, economic and patient friendly optical imaging technique rather radionuclide-based imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
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14
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Thakar A, Sakthivel P, Arunraj ST, Bhalla AS, Prashanth A, Kumar R, Sharma SC, Kumar R. Clinical utility of Ga68 DOTANOC PET/CT imaging in juvenile nasal angiofibroma and the PARIS protocol: a preliminary report. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:517-522. [PMID: 33481507 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) expresses different somatostatin cell surface receptors and Ga68 [DOTA, 1-Nal3]-octreotide (DOTANOC)-PET/computed tomography (CT) scan may be used for its imaging. Also, functional imaging with DOTANOC-PET/CT may promise of greater accuracy in the detection or exclusion of recurrent/residual JNA. METHODS In this prospective study, five JNA patients who underwent a DOTANOC-PET-CT scan both preoperatively and postoperatively during June 2018-March 2020 were included. Postcontrast enhancement of a definite lesion was considered residual/recurrent tumor in contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI). In DOTANOC-PET/CT, any abnormal uptake apart from physiological sites was considered as residual lesions. Radiological results were categorized as negative, suspicious or definite residual/recurrent tumors. Any discrepancy was resolved by endoscopic biopsies. RESULTS Preoperatively all five cases of JNA showed avid DOTANOC expression in the tumor. The mean (SD) value of DOTANOC standardised uptake value in the tumor was 4.3 (1.4) (range = 2.1-6.2). In postoperative CEMRI evaluation, three of five patients had residual tumors and two had normal scans. On DOTANOC-PET/CT, two of five patients had residual tumors and three had normal scans. In one patient with residual tumor, the discrepancy with regard to tumor extent was noted in two scans, and further biopsy confirmed the findings of DOTANOC-PET/CT as accurate. CONCLUSION 68Ga-DOTANOC-PET/CT uptake is universal in JNA and appears to be more specific in the identification of residual/recurrent JNA. In residual tumors, DOTANOC-PET/CT may have an advantage over CEMRI in the diagnosis, decision making and planning stereotactic radiation. However, these findings are to be validated in studies with larger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | | | - Ashu S Bhalla
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
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15
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Reid HMO, Chen-Mack N, Snowden T, Christie BR. Understanding Changes in Hippocampal Interneurons Subtypes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. Brain Connect 2021; 11:159-179. [PMID: 33559520 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is becoming increasingly recognized that there is significant interneuron degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. As the hippocampus is integral for learning and memory, we performed a systematic review of primary literature focused on the relationship between Alzheimer's and hippocampal interneurons. In this study, we summarize the experimental work performed to date and identify opportunities for future experiments. Objectives: This PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)-style systematic review seeks to summarize the findings of all accessible research focused on cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), parvalbumin (PV), and somatostatin (SOM) interneurons in the hippocampal formation. Results: One thousand five hundred ninety-three articles were pulled from PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, based on three blocks of search terms. There were 45 articles that met all the predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. There is strong evidence that PV interneurons are affected early in the disease by toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) fragments; SOM interneurons are affected indirectly while the SOM neuropeptide may act to slowly worsen toxic Aβ fragment accumulation, whereas NPY- and CCK-positive interneurons are affected later in the progression of the disease. Conclusions: Fewer studies have been performed on NPY and CCK interneurons, and there is room for further investigations regarding the role of PV interneurons in Alzheimer's to help resolve contradictory findings. This review found that PV interneurons are affected early in the disease, but only in Alzheimer's precursor protein but not tau models. NPY and CCK interneurons were found to be affected later in the disease, and SOM interneurons vary greatly. Future studies may consider reporting immunohistochemical studies inclusive of either cell location or morphology-as well as marker to give a more robust picture of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M O Reid
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan Chen-Mack
- Island Medical Program and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Taylor Snowden
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Island Medical Program and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Froelich MF, Schnitzer ML, Holzgreve A, Gassert FG, Gresser E, Overhoff D, Schwarze V, Fabritius MP, Nörenberg D, von Münchhausen N, Hokamp NG, Auernhammer CJ, Ilhan H, Todica A, Rübenthaler J. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of 68Ga DOTA-TATE PET/CT, 111In-Pentetreotide SPECT/CT and CT for Diagnostic Workup of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020334. [PMID: 33670457 PMCID: PMC7922846 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are relatively rare neoplasms arising from the hormone-producing neuroendocrine system that can occur in various organs such as pancreas, small bowel, stomach and lung. As the majority of these tumors express somatostatin receptors (SSR) on their cell membrane, utilization of SSR analogs in nuclear medicine is a promising, but relatively costly approach for detection and localization. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT (Gallium-68 DOTA-TATE Positron emission tomography/computed tomography) compared to 111In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT (Indium-111 pentetreotide Single Photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography) and to CT (computed tomography) alone in detection of NETs. A decision model on the basis of Markov simulations evaluated lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) related to either a CT, SPECT/CT or PET/CT. Model input parameters were obtained from publicized research projects. The analysis is grounded on the US healthcare system. Deterministic sensitivity analysis of diagnostic parameters and probabilistic sensitivity analysis predicated on a Monte Carlo simulation with 30,000 reiterations was executed. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) was determined to be $ 100,000/QALY. In the base-case investigation, PET/CT ended up with total costs of $88,003.07 with an efficacy of 4.179, whereas CT ended up with total costs of $88,894.71 with an efficacy of 4.165. SPECT/CT ended up with total costs of $89,973.34 with an efficacy of 4.158. Therefore, the strategies CT and SPECT/CT were dominated by PET/CT in the base-case scenario. In the sensitivity analyses, PET/CT remained a cost-effective strategy. This result was due to reduced therapy costs of timely detection. The additional costs of 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT when compared to CT alone are justified in the light of potential savings in therapy costs and better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Frank Froelich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (M.F.F.); (D.O.); (D.N.); (N.v.M.)
| | - Moritz Ludwig Schnitzer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.L.S.); (E.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.F.)
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Adrien Holzgreve
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Gerhard Gassert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Eva Gresser
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.L.S.); (E.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.F.)
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Daniel Overhoff
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (M.F.F.); (D.O.); (D.N.); (N.v.M.)
| | - Vincent Schwarze
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.L.S.); (E.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.F.)
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Matthias Philipp Fabritius
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.L.S.); (E.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.F.)
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Dominik Nörenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (M.F.F.); (D.O.); (D.N.); (N.v.M.)
| | - Niklas von Münchhausen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (M.F.F.); (D.O.); (D.N.); (N.v.M.)
| | - Nils Große Hokamp
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Christoph J. Auernhammer
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Harun Ilhan
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Todica
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Rübenthaler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.L.S.); (E.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.F.)
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (C.J.A.); (H.I.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Pöstyéni E, Kovács-Valasek A, Dénes V, Mester A, Sétáló G, Gábriel R. PACAP for Retinal Health: Model for Cellular Aging and Rescue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010444. [PMID: 33466261 PMCID: PMC7796228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal aging is the result of accumulating molecular and cellular damage with a manifest decline in visual functions. Somatostatin (SST) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) have been implicated in neuroprotection through regulating disparate aspects of neuronal activity (survival, proliferation and renewal). The aim of the present study was to validate a transgenic model for SST-expressing amacrine cells and to investigate the chronic effect of PACAP on the aging of SSTergic and dopaminergic cells of the retina. SST-tdTomato transgenic mice that were 6, 12 and 18 months old were treated intravitreally with 100 pmol of PACAP every 3 months. The density of SST and dopaminergic amacrine cells was assessed in whole-mounted retinas. Cells displaying the transgenic red fluorescence were identified as SST-immunopositive amacrine cells. By comparing the three age groups. PACAP treatment was shown to induce a moderate elevation of cell densities in both the SST and dopaminergic cell populations in the 12- and 18-month-old animals. By contrast, the control untreated and saline-treated retinas showed a minor cell loss. In conclusion, we report a reliable transgenic model for examining SSTergic amacrine cells. The fundamental novelty of this study is that PACAP could increase the cell density in matured retinal tissue, anticipating new therapeutic potential in age-related pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etelka Pöstyéni
- Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.P.); (A.K.-V.); (V.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.P.); (A.K.-V.); (V.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Viktória Dénes
- Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.P.); (A.K.-V.); (V.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Adrienn Mester
- Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.P.); (A.K.-V.); (V.D.); (A.M.)
| | - György Sétáló
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szenthágotai Research Centre, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.P.); (A.K.-V.); (V.D.); (A.M.)
- János Szenthágotai Research Centre, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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18
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Sakthivel P, Kumar R, Arunraj ST, Bhalla AS, Prashanth A, Kumar R, Sharma SC, Thakar A. 68 Ga DOTANOC PET/CT Scan in Primary Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma - A Pilot Study. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:1509-1515. [PMID: 33355921 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are highly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors and is exploited for its imaging and treatment. SSTRs expression is also demonstrated in diverse benign and malignant tumor cell types and proliferating peri-tumoral vessels. Similarly, Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) expresses different SSTRs and may be utilized for its imaging and treatment using DOTA, 1-Nal3-octreotide (DOTANOC)-PET/CT scan. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort. METHODS Nineteen clinico-radiologically diagnosed primary JNA patients underwent a 68 Ga-DOTANOC PET-CT scan. Using a dedicated PET/CT scanner, a low-dose head and neck spot CT scan was performed after 45 to 60 minutes of intravenous injection of 2 to 3 mCi(74-111 MBq) of DOTANOC. The primary objective was to assess the intensity and pattern of DOTANOC uptake in these patients. RESULTS DOTANOC expression was noted in all cases (n = 19) of primary JNA (100%). The mean (SD) DOTANOC SUVmax ratio of tumor and background was 6.9+/-1.4(range, 3.8-9.5). Intra-cranial extension in all 13/19 patients was prominently visualized due to the absence of DOTANOC uptake in the brain. Compared to the background all stages of JNA showed significant DOTANOC uptake (P < .0001). No difference in uptake between advanced-stage tumors and early tumors was noted (P = .47). A statistically non-significant negative trend was noted for decreasing uptake with increasing age (Spearman correlation coefficient, r = -0.19). CONCLUSIONS This first study of 68 Ga-DOTANOC-PET/CT scan in JNA demonstrates consistent and reliable uptake activity in all patients irrespective of age and stage. This opens up possibilities to physiological diagnostic imaging with a promise of greater specificity and sensitivity and may have applications in ambivalent diagnostic situations such as the detection of recurrence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1509-1515, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirabu Sakthivel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashu Seith Bhalla
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Prashanth
- Department of Nuclear medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sakthivel P, Thakar A, Prashanth A, Arunraj ST, Kumar R, Kumar R. Clinical Utility of 68Ga-DOTANOC Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Scan on Postoperative Assessment of Juvenile Nasal Angiofibroma. Indian J Nucl Med 2020; 35:372-373. [PMID: 33642775 PMCID: PMC7905271 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_131_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin cell surface receptors are expressed on the peritumoral vessels of various benign and malignant neoplasms including angiofibromas. Positive initial uptake on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with 68Ga-labeled DOTANOC is noted in a patient with juvenile nasal angiofibroma (JNA), and the same is noted to be absent following complete surgical excision. Functional 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT may be an early useful tool for JNA residual/recurrence identification and precise postoperative surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirabu Sakthivel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Prashanth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kecskés A, Pohóczky K, Kecskés M, Varga ZV, Kormos V, Szőke É, Henn-Mike N, Fehér M, Kun J, Gyenesei A, Renner É, Palkovits M, Ferdinandy P, Ábrahám IM, Gaszner B, Helyes Z. Characterization of Neurons Expressing the Novel Analgesic Drug Target Somatostatin Receptor 4 in Mouse and Human Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7788. [PMID: 33096776 PMCID: PMC7589422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is an important mood and pain-regulating neuropeptide, which exerts analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant effects via its Gi protein-coupled receptor subtype 4 (SST4) without endocrine actions. SST4 is suggested to be a unique novel drug target for chronic neuropathic pain, and depression, as a common comorbidity. However, its neuronal expression and cellular mechanism are poorly understood. Therefore, our goals were (i) to elucidate the expression pattern of Sstr4/SSTR4 mRNA, (ii) to characterize neurochemically, and (iii) electrophysiologically the Sstr4/SSTR4-expressing neuronal populations in the mouse and human brains. Here, we describe SST4 expression pattern in the nuclei of the mouse nociceptive and anti-nociceptive pathways as well as in human brain regions, and provide neurochemical and electrophysiological characterization of the SST4-expressing neurons. Intense or moderate SST4 expression was demonstrated predominantly in glutamatergic neurons in the major components of the pain matrix mostly also involved in mood regulation. The SST4 agonist J-2156 significantly decreased the firing rate of layer V pyramidal neurons by augmenting the depolarization-activated, non-inactivating K+ current (M-current) leading to remarkable inhibition. These are the first translational results explaining the mechanisms of action of SST4 agonists as novel analgesic and antidepressant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (É.S.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (É.S.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kecskés
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.V.V.); (P.F.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (É.S.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (É.S.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
- ALGONIST Biotechnologies GmbH, A-1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Nóra Henn-Mike
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Máté Fehér
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - József Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (É.S.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (É.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (É.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.V.V.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István M. Ábrahám
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Research Group for Mood Disorders, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (É.S.); (J.K.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (N.H.-M.); (I.M.Á.)
- ALGONIST Biotechnologies GmbH, A-1030 Wien, Austria
- PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
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Singh S, Somvanshi RK, Panda V, Kumar U. Comparative distribution of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in PTU-induced hypothyroidism. Endocrine 2020; 70:92-106. [PMID: 32335798 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism is a well-established model for assessing hormonal and morphological changes in thyroid as well as other central and peripheral tissues. Somatostatin (SST) is known to regulate hormonal secretion and synthesis in endocrine tissues; however, nothing is currently known about the distribution of SST and its receptor in hypothyroidism. METHOD In the present study, the comparative immunohistochemical distribution of SST and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) were analyzed in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. Rats were treated with PTU for 15 days followed by a co-administration of levothyroxine (LVT) for 15 days. After PTU and LVT treatments (day 30), rats were further administered LVT alone for 15 more days (day 45). The subcellular distribution of SST and SSTR subtypes was determined by peroxidase immunohistochemistry in the thyroid gland collected from control and treated rats. RESULTS SST and SSTR subtypes were found to be moderately expressed in control thyroid tissues. SST and SSTR subtypes like immunoreactivity increased significantly in follicular and parafollicular epithelial cells in the thyroid of PTU-treated rats. The PTU-induced changes in the expression of SST and SSTR subtypes were suppressed by the administration of the LVT. In addition to thyroid tissues, SST and SSTRs expression was also changed in non-follicular tissues including blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and connective tissue following treatments. CONCLUSION The present study revealed a distinct subcellular distribution of SST and SSTR subtypes in the thyroid and provides a new insight for the role of SST and SSTR subtypes in hypothyroidism in addition to its well-established role in negative regulation of hormonal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rishi K Somvanshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Principal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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22
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Kumar U, Singh S. Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072568. [PMID: 32272767 PMCID: PMC7177963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.
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23
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Sakthivel P, Thakar A, Prashanth A, Kumar R, Sharma SC, Kumar R. Juvenile Nasal Angiofibroma on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT: Exploring Theranostic Avenues. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE : IJNM : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE, INDIA 2020; 35:176-177. [PMID: 32351279 PMCID: PMC7182334 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_207_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) cell surface receptors (SSTRs) are expressed in many different malignant, benign, and neuroendocrine tumors. SSTRs are also expressed in the endothelium of human vessels during angiogenesis and not in the nonproliferating vessels. We present a case of 19-year-old boy with juvenile nasal angiofibroma (JNA), who underwent 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT to explore SSTRs expression and theranostic potential. The scan revealed high uptake in the tumor, and in certain areas, the uptake was similar to that of the pituitary gland. Performance of DOTANOC PET/CT in JNA opens up new frontiers with respect to radiological staging, early recurrence identification, better delineation from postoperative scar tissue, possible preoperative treatment with SST analogs, and perhaps even radiopharmaceutical based-ligand therapy of inoperable/residual/recurrent JNAs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirabu Sakthivel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Prashanth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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24
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Somatostatin receptor 5-mediated modulation of outward K+ currents in rat retinal ganglion cells. Neuroreport 2020; 31:131-138. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Kántás B, Börzsei R, Szőke É, Bánhegyi P, Horváth Á, Hunyady Á, Borbély É, Hetényi C, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Novel Drug-Like Somatostatin Receptor 4 Agonists are Potential Analgesics for Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6245. [PMID: 31835716 PMCID: PMC6940912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin released from the capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves mediates analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via the somatostatin sst4 receptor without endocrine actions. Therefore, sst4 is considered to be a novel target for drug development in pain including chronic neuropathy, which is an emerging unmet medical need. Here, we examined the in silico binding, the sst4-linked G-protein activation on stable receptor expressing cells (1 nM to 10 μM), and the effects of our novel pyrrolo-pyrimidine molecules in mouse inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. All four of the tested compounds (C1-C4) bind to the same binding site of the sst4 receptor with similar interaction energy to high-affinity reference sst4 agonists, and they all induce G-protein activation. C1 is the more efficacious (γ-GTP-binding: 218.2% ± 36.5%) and most potent (EC50: 37 nM) ligand. In vivo testing of the actions of orally administered C1 and C2 (500 µg/kg) showed that only C1 decreased the resiniferatoxin-induced acute neurogenic inflammatory thermal allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia significantly. Meanwhile, both of them remarkably reduced partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced chronic neuropathic mechanical hyperalgesia after a single oral administration of the 500 µg/kg dose. These orally active novel sst4 agonists exert potent anti-hyperalgesic effect in a chronic neuropathy model, and therefore, they can open promising drug developmental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Kántás
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Börzsei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Bánhegyi
- Avicor Ltd., Herman Ottó str. 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hunyady
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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27
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Mirzaei S, Revheim ME, Raynor W, Zehetner W, Knoll P, Zandieh S, Alavi A. 64Cu-DOTATOC PET-CT in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors. Oncol Ther 2019; 8:125-131. [PMID: 32700066 PMCID: PMC7360020 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-019-00104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have been developed for molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission tomography (PET). The aim of the present study was to report our first results using 64Cu-DOTATOC in patients with NETs. Methods Thirty-three patients with NETs (15 female, 18 male; mean age 64 ± 13 years) were included in this retrospective study. 64Cu-DOTATOC PET–CT scans were performed on all patients. Results Five out of 33 patients with a history of NET after surgical removal of the primary lesion showed no pathological lesions on PET–CT imaging and 8/33 patients had enhanced uptake in the area of recurrent meningioma at the skull base. The remaining 20/33 patients had a history of neuroendocrine tumor in the gastrointestinal tract (GEP-NET) and were presented with at least one pathological lesion. Conclusion The high detection rate of suspected lesions in patients with NETs and the high target-to-background contrast found in this study hold promise for the safe application of 64Cu-DOTATOC in patients with NET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroos Mirzaei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mona-Eilsabeth Revheim
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William Raynor
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Walter Zehetner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Knoll
- Department of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahin Zandieh
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Abdellatif AAH. Identification of somatostatin receptors using labeled PEGylated octreotide, as an active internalization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1707-1715. [PMID: 31418304 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1656735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous normal and tumors cells are well-known to express the somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on their surface which makes the receptor be useful for tumor scintigraphy. Thus, the identification of SSTRs is beneficial, especially SSTR2. The somatostatin analog, Octreotide (OCT), was chosen as a ligand, as it is known to selectively bind to SSTR2. Moreover, polyethylene glycol (PEG), 8armPEG, was used as a branched PEG to provide a low nonspecific cell binding and easily chemical modification. OCT and fluorescein (Flu) were conjugated to branched PEG using a water-soluble carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) so as to activate its carboxylic acid group. 8armPEG-tagged Flu and OCT was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to proof the conjugation of OCT to 8armPEG. Finally, cellular uptake was studied using pancreatic cancer cells with well-expressed somatostatin receptors using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLMS) and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). GPC showed increases in molecular mass since it showed a difference in elution time of 8armPEG itself and 8armPEG labeled with Flu. CLMS and FACS showed high binding with the positive SSTR2 cells expression and showed negative results with negative expressing SSTR2. These bindings were decreased when the receptors were occupied with free OCT which confirms the specific binding to SSTR2. Therefore, we formulated a novel model to easily identify SSTR2 and other receptors which serves as a promising platform for identification of tumor cells overexpressing the SSTR2, which would be a hopeful target for cancer therapy and tumor scintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University , Assiut , Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University , Buraydah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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29
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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Somatostatin Receptors in Endometriosis Tissue Samples. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 38:371-376. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Wu N, Yin N, Sun XH, Wang Z. Activation of somatostatin receptor 5 suppresses T-type Ca 2+ channels through NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway in rat retinal ganglion cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134337. [PMID: 31220522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin has been shown to modulate a variety of neuronal functions by activating the five specific G-protein coupled receptors (sst1-sst5). Here, effects of sst5 receptor activation on T-type Ca2+ channels in acutely isolated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rats were investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The sst5 receptor specific agonist L-817,818 significantly and reversibly suppressed T-type Ca2+ currents, and shifted inactivation curve of the channels toward hyperpolarization direction. The effect of L-817,818 was in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 being 8.8 μM. Pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o protein mediated intracellular nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling cascade was involved in the L-817,818 effect on Ca2+ currents because pharmacological interference of each of these signaling molecules abolished the L-817,818 effect. In contrast, neither phospholipase C/protein kinase C nor cAMP/protein kinase A signal pathways seemed likely to be involved because the L-817,818 effect persisted when these signaling pathways were blocked by U73122, bisindolylmaleimide IV, chelerythrine chloride, and Rp-cAMP, respectively. These results suggest that activation of sst5 receptors suppresses T-type Ca2+ currents in rat RGCs through intracellular NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway, which may provide a potential mechanism for protecting RGCs against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Na Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ning Yin
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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31
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Anzola LK, Rivera JN, Dierckx RA, Lauri C, Valabrega S, Galli F, Moreno Lopez S, Glaudemans AWJM, Signore A. Value of Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy with 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC in Patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060763. [PMID: 31151155 PMCID: PMC6616389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Primary Sjögren syndrome (SS) is diagnosed based on the American European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria, but lacks specificity, not only in the involvement of salivary glands, but also in extra-glandular involvement. Whole-body somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy could overcome these limitations. The aims of this study were to evaluate salivary gland uptake of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC in untreated patients with de-novo diagnosis of SS as compared to control subjects and as compared to conventional sialoscintigraphy with 99mTcO4−. We also aimed to evaluate the involvement of joints. Methods: 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC was used with SS patients and uptake in joints and salivary glands was analyzed semi-quantitatively. Patients also underwent 99mTcO4 sialoscintigraphy. The control group that we analyzed consisted of 30 patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Results: Fifty-two females and 10 males fully met the AECG criteria for SS, and were included. A target background ratio (TBR) >1.18 in submandibular glands correctly classified 93% of the patients with SS in comparison to 27% for 99mTcO4 sialoscintigraphy. The area under the curve (ROC) analysis for TBR in submandibular glands was 0.95. In joints there was a huge variety in uptake. The median TBR was significantly higher in salivary glands in patients with SS compared to controls. Conclusions: 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy identified active inflammatory processes not only in the salivary glands, but, unexpectedly, also in many joints in patients with primary SS, contrary to popular belief. This technique provides an objective parameter to evaluate the inflammation burden in salivary glands and joints and could be used to evaluate response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Kelly Anzola
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Clinica Colsanitas, 11021 Bogotà, Colombia.
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rudi A Dierckx
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Chiara Lauri
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefano Valabrega
- Surgery Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Filippo Galli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Moreno Lopez
- Epidemiology Department, National University of Colombia, 11021 Bogotà, Colombia.
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands.
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32
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Naito K, Kurihara K, Moteki H, Kimura M, Natsume H, Ogihara M. Effect of Selective Serotonin (5-HT) 2B Receptor Agonist BW723C86 on Epidermal Growth Factor/Transforming Growth Factor-α Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Ribosomal p70 S6 Kinase Activities in Primary Cultures of Adult Rat Hepatocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:631-637. [PMID: 30713268 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) can induce hepatocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation by autocrine secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-α through 5-HT2B receptor/phospholipase C (PLC)/Ca2+ and a signaling pathway involving epidermal growth factor (EGF)/TGF-α receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In the present study, we investigated whether 5-HT or a selective 5-HT2B receptor agonist BW723C86, would stimulate phosphorylation of TGF-α RTK and ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Western blotting analysis was used to detect 5-HT- or BW723C86 (10-6 M)-induced phosphorylation of EGF/TGF-α RTK and p70S6K. Our results showed that 5-HT- or BW723C86 (10-6 M)-induced phosphorylation of EGF/TGF-α RTK peaked at between 5 and 10 min. On the other hand, 5-HT- or BW723C86 (10-6 M)-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K peaked at about 30 min. Furthermore, a selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist LY272015, a specific PLC inhibitor U-73122, a membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator BAPTA/AM, an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil, somatostatin, and a specific p70S6K inhibitor LY2584702 completely abolished the phosphorylation of p70S6K induced by both 5-HT and BW723C86. These results indicate that phosphorylation of p70S6K is dependent on the 5-HT2B-receptor-mediated autocrine secretion of TGF-α. In addition, these results demonstrate that the hepatocyte proliferating action of 5-HT and BW723C86 are mediated by phosphorylation of p70S6K, a downstream element of the EGF/TGF-α RTK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Naito
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Kazuki Kurihara
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Hajime Moteki
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Mitsutoshi Kimura
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Hideshi Natsume
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Masahiko Ogihara
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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Szentes N, Tékus V, Mohos V, Borbély É, Helyes Z. Exploratory and locomotor activity, learning and memory functions in somatostatin receptor subtype 4 gene-deficient mice in relation to aging and sex. GeroScience 2019; 41:631-641. [PMID: 30903571 PMCID: PMC6885027 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory neuropeptide somatostatin regulates several functions in the nervous system including memory. Its concentrations decrease by age leading to functional alterations, but there are little known about the receptorial mechanism. We discovered that somatostatin receptor 4 (sst4) mediates analgesic, anti-depressant, and anti-inflammatory effects without endocrine actions, and it is a unique target for drug development. We investigated the exploratory and locomotor activities and learning and memory functions of male and female sst4gene-deficient mice compared with their wild-types (WT) at ages of 3, 12, 17 months in the Y-maze test, open field test (OFT), radial-arm maze (RAM) test and novel object recognition (NOR) test. Young sst4 gene-deficient females visited, repeated, and missed significantly less arms than the WTs in the RAM; males showed decreased exploration in the NOR. Young mice moved significantly more, spend longer time in OFT center, and visited more arms in the Y-maze than older ones. Young WT females spend significantly longer time in the OFT center, visited, missed and repeated more arms of the RAM than males. Old males found more rewards than females. Young males explored longer the novel object than young females and older males in the NOR; the recognition index was smaller in females. We conclude that aging and sex are important factors of behavioral parameters that should be focused on in such studies. Sst4 is likely to influence locomotion and exploratory behavior only in young mice, but not during normal aging, which is a beneficial feature of a good drug target focusing on the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Szentes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Valéria Tékus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, János Szentágothai Research Centre & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary. .,PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary.
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Günther T, Tulipano G, Dournaud P, Bousquet C, Csaba Z, Kreienkamp HJ, Lupp A, Korbonits M, Castaño JP, Wester HJ, Culler M, Melmed S, Schulz S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CV. Somatostatin Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and New Nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 70:763-835. [PMID: 30232095 PMCID: PMC6148080 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.015388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin-release inhibitory factor, is a cyclopeptide that exerts potent inhibitory actions on hormone secretion and neuronal excitability. Its physiologic functions are mediated by five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called somatostatin receptor (SST)1-5. These five receptors share common structural features and signaling mechanisms but differ in their cellular and subcellular localization and mode of regulation. SST2 and SST5 receptors have evolved as primary targets for pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, SST2 is a prototypical GPCR for the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 25 years on the physiology, pharmacology, and clinical applications related to SSTs. We also discuss potential future developments and propose a new nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Günther
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Tulipano
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Pascal Dournaud
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Michael Culler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
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Godara A, Siddiqui NS, Byrne MM, Saif MW. The safety of lanreotide for neuroendocrine tumor. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 18:1-10. [PMID: 30582380 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1559294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lanreotide autogel is a synthetic somatostatin analogue which has been FDA and EMA approved for unresectable, well to moderately differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Its action is mediated by its affinity to somatostatin receptors, especially sst2 and sst5 receptors. Its longer half-life offers the convenience of 4-week dosing over the need for frequent injections of short-acting somatostatin analogues. Areas covered: Lanreotide ATG offers progression-free survival benefit in locally advanced or metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) compared to placebo, reflecting a strong antiproliferative signal. As lanreotide is commonly used for management of NET, it is imperative to recognize and appropriately manage any drug-related toxicities. In this review, we will provide an overview of the toxicity with lanreotide and its management. Expert opinion: Lanreotide is highly effective in managing carcinoid symptoms and has a robust anti-tumor effect in NET. Overall, it is well tolerated with low rates of treatment discontinuation due to toxicity. It's toxicity profile is mostly predictable, and patients should be informed of the transient nature of some of the upfront toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Godara
- a Gastrointestinal Oncology Program and Experimental therapeutics, Division of Hematology/Oncology , Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Nauman S Siddiqui
- a Gastrointestinal Oncology Program and Experimental therapeutics, Division of Hematology/Oncology , Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Margaret M Byrne
- a Gastrointestinal Oncology Program and Experimental therapeutics, Division of Hematology/Oncology , Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Muhammad Wasif Saif
- a Gastrointestinal Oncology Program and Experimental therapeutics, Division of Hematology/Oncology , Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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Abdellatif AA, Abou-Taleb HA, Abd El Ghany AA, Lutz I, Bouazzaoui A. Targeting of somatostatin receptors expressed in blood cells using quantum dots coated with vapreotide. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1162-1169. [PMID: 30532637 PMCID: PMC6260484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer may be difficult to target, however, if cancer targeted this provides the chance for a better and more effective treatment. Quantum dots (Qdots) coated vapreotide (VAP) as a somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) agonist can be efficient targeting issue since may reduce side effects and increase drug delivery to the target tissue. This study highlights the active targeting of cancer cells by cells imaging with improving the therapeutic outcomes. VAP was conjugated to Qdots using amine-to-sulfhydryl crosslinker. The synthesized Qdots-VAP was characterized by determination of size, measuring the zeta-potential and UV fluorometer. The cellular uptake was studied using different cell lines. Finally, the Qdots-VAP was injected into a rat model. The results showed a size of 479.8 ± 15 and 604.88 ± 17 nm for unmodified Qdots and Qdots-VAP respectively, while the zeta potential of particles went from negative to positive charge which proved the conjugation of VAP to Qdots. The fluorometer recorded a redshift for Qdots-VAP compared with unmodified Qdots. Moreover, cellular uptake exhibited high specific binding with cells which express SSTRs using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry (17.3 MFU comparing to 3.1 MFU of control, P < 0.001). Finally, an in vivo study showed a strong accumulation of Qdots-VAP in the blood cells (70%). In conclusion, Qdots-VAP can play a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and treatment of blood cells diseases when conjugated with VAP as SSTRs agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A. Abou-Taleb
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Benisuef, Egypt
| | | | - Ilka Lutz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Internal Medicine 3-Hematology/Oncology Department, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
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Kumar Nagarajan S, Babu S, Sohn H, Devaraju P, Madhavan T. Toward a better understanding of the interaction between somatostatin receptor 2 and its ligands: a structural characterization study using molecular dynamics and conceptual density functional theory. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3081-3102. [PMID: 30079808 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1508368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study is a part of the extensive research intending to provide the structural insights on somatostatin and its receptor. Herein, we have studied the structural complexity involved in the binding of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) with its agonists and antagonist. A 3D QSAR study based on comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) discerned that a SSTR2 ligand with electronegative, less-bulkier, and hydrogen atom donating/accepting substitutions is important for their biological activity. A conceptual density functional theory (DFT) study was followed to study the chemical behavior of the ligands based on the molecular descriptors derived using the Fukui's molecular orbital theory. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of receptor-ligand complexes for 100 ns to analyze the dynamic stability of the backbone Cα atoms of the receptor and strength and approachability of the receptor-ligand complex. The findings of this study could be efficacious in the further studies understanding intricate structural features of the somatostatin receptors and in discovering novel subtype-specific ligands with higher affinity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Nagarajan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| | - Sathya Babu
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| | - Honglae Sohn
- b Department of Chemistry and Department of Carbon Materials , Chosun University , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- c Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology , Vector Control Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research , Pondicherry , India
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
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Abdellatif AA, Aldalaen SM, Faisal W, Tawfeek HM. Somatostatin receptors as a new active targeting sites for nanoparticles. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1051-1059. [PMID: 30416362 PMCID: PMC6218373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of nanoparticles through receptor-mediated cell interactions has nowadays a major attention in the area of drug targeting applications. This specific kind of targeting is mediated by localized receptors impeded into the target site with subsequent drugs internalization. Hence, this type of interaction would diminish side effects and enhance drug delivery efficacy to the target site. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are one type of G protein-coupled receptors, which could be active targeted for various purposes. There are five SSTRs types (SSTR1-5) which are localized at various organs in the body and spread into different tissues. SSTRs could be considered as a promising target to various nanoparticles which is facilitated when nanoparticles are modified through specific ligand or coating to allow better binding. This review discusses the exploration of SSTRs for active targeting of nanoparticles with certain emphasize on their interaction at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452 Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sa'ed M. Aldalaen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Mutah, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Waleed Faisal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, University of College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hesham M. Tawfeek
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Mutah, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate: dosimetry, nephrotoxicity, and the effect of hematological toxicity on survival. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:236-246. [PMID: 29315138 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with lutetium-177 (Lu)-DOTATATE is regarded as a safe treatment option with promising results for patients with neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN). We aimed to study the absorbed organ and tumor doses, the renal and hematological toxicity as well as their mutual interaction. Another aim was the identification of adverse effects as possible predictors which may affect survival. METHODS A total of 30 (14 female and 16 male) patients with inoperable/metastatic NEN were treated with 7.4 GBq of Lu-DOTATATE. Occurrence of renal and hematological toxicity wasretrospectively studied. Morever, we examined the effects of hematological toxicity on survival after Lu-DOTATATE-PRRT. RESULTS In 49 treatment cycles, the mean absorbed dose to the kidneys was 5.13±2.12, 4.49±2.49 Gy to the liver, and 14.44±8.97 Gy to the spleen, whereas tumor lesions absorbed a mean dose of 31.43±36.86 Gy. Comparing different localizations of metastases, no significant differences in absorbed dose were observed. Clinical response status revealed regressive disease in 47.6%, stable disease in 38.1%, and progressive disease in 14.3% of cases (n=21). Biochemically, 81.3% of patients showed reduced serotonin values (n=16; P<0.05) following Lu-DOTATATE-PRRT. No severe subacute renal or hematological toxicity occurred (one Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events-grade 3 for thrombocytopenia and another one for leukocytopenia). No statistically significant relation between baseline kidney function and post-therapeutic hematological changes was identified. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that Lu-DOTATATE-PRRT is a safe and effective treatment method for patients with NEN. Moreover, these data strongly suggest that hematological parameters may affect survival so a further re-evaluation in prospective studies is warranted.
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Jiang J, Jin W, Peng Y, Liang X, Li S, Wei L, Lei Z, Li L, Chang M. The role of Cortistatin-14 in the gastrointestinal motility in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nguyen HT, Phung CD, Thapa RK, Pham TT, Tran TH, Jeong JH, Ku SK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Multifunctional nanoparticles as somatostatin receptor-targeting delivery system of polyaniline and methotrexate for combined chemo-photothermal therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:154-167. [PMID: 29292170 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lanreotide (LT), a synthetic analog of somatostatin, has been demonstrated to specifically bind to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), which are widely overexpressed in several types of cancer cells. In this study, we incorporated a chemotherapeutic agent, methotrexate (MTX), and a photosensitizer material, polyaniline (PANI), into hybrid polymer nanoparticles (NPs), which could target cancer cells after conjugation with LT (LT-MTX/PANI NPs). The successful preparation of LT-MTX/PANI NPs was confirmed by a small particle size (187.9 ± 3.2 nm), a polydispersity index of 0.232 ± 0.011, and a negative ζ potential of -14.6 ± 1.0 mV. Notably, LT-MTX/PANI NPs showed a greater uptake into SSTR-positive cancer cells and thereby better inhibited cell viability and induced higher levels of apoptosis than MTX, PANI NP, and MTX/PANI NP treatments did. In addition, the heat associated with the burst drug release induced by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation resulted in remarkably enhanced cell apoptosis, which was confirmed by an increase in the expression levels of apoptotic marker proteins. In agreement with the in vitro results, the administration of the SSTR-targeting NPs, followed by NIR exposure, to xenograft tumor-bearing mice resulted in an improved suppression of tumor development compared to that shown by MTX, PANI NPs, and MTX/PANI NPs, as well as by LT-MTX/PANI NPs without photothermal therapy. Thus, the SSTR-targeting NPs could be a promising delivery system for the effective treatment of SSTR-positive cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Somatostatin receptors are widely overexpressed in several types of cancer cells. In this study, we designed nanoparticles for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor sites by conjugating hybrid polymers with a synthetic analog of somatostatin, specifically binding to somatostatin receptors. In addition, a photosensitizer material, polyaniline, was incorporated into the nanoparticles for combined chemo-photothermal therapy. The results demonstrated clear advantages of the newly designed targeted nanoparticles over their non-targeted counterparts or a free chemotherapeutic drug in inhibiting the viability of cancer cells in vitro and targeting/suppressing the tumor growth in an animal xenograft model. The study suggests that the designed nanoparticles are a promising delivery system for the effective treatment of somatostatin receptor-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Cao Dai Phung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj Kumar Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Thanh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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Tan X, Wang S, Guo C, Qian M, Zhang X, Wan P, Yu C, Geng B, Ke K, Shen J, Song Y, Yu M. SSTR2 associated with neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. Neurol Res 2018; 40:221-230. [PMID: 29380671 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1428277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective SSTR2 is a member of superfamily of SST receptor (SSTR), and widely expressed in the brain; however, the knowledge of its functions in area adjacent to hematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still limited. Method The role of SSTR2 in the processes of ICH was explored by conducting an ICH rat model. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine the level of SSTR2 in area adjacent to hematoma after ICH. Immunofluorescent staining was used to observe the spatial correlation of SSTR2 with cellular types adjacent to hematoma after ICH. RNA interference specific to SSTR2 was adopted in PC12 cells to clarify the causal correlation between SSTR2 and neuronal activities. Results Increased expression of SSTR2 was observed and restricted to the neurons adjacent to hematoma following ICH. Immunofluorescent staining showed that SSTR2 was significant increased in neurons, but not astrocytes or microglia. Increasing SSTR2 level was found to be accompanied by the up-regulation of activated caspase-3 and the down-expression of p-Akt in a time-dependent manner. What's more, using SSTR2 RNA interference (SSTR2-RNAi) in PC12 cells, we indicated that SSTR2 might have a pro-apoptotic role in neurons. Conclusion We speculated that SSTR2 might exert its pro-apoptotic function in neurons through inhibiting Akt activity following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tan
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Changyun Guo
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Qian
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Zhang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wan
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Baojian Geng
- c Department of Neurology , Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifu Ke
- b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- c Department of Neurology , Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nantong , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yu
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, First People's Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , People's Republic of China
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Faron-Górecka A, Kuśmider M, Solich J, Kolasa M, Pabian P, Gruca P, Romańska I, Żurawek D, Szlachta M, Papp M, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M. Regulation of somatostatin receptor 2 in the context of antidepressant treatment response in chronic mild stress in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2137-2149. [PMID: 29713785 PMCID: PMC6015609 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The role of somatostatin and its receptors for the stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders has been widely raised. Recently, we have also demonstrated the involvement of somatostatin receptor type 2-sst2R and dopamine receptor type 2-D2R in stress. OBJECTIVE In this context, we decided to find if these receptors are involved in response to antidepressant treatment in animal model of depression-chronic mild stress (CMS). METHODS Here, we report data obtained following 7-week CMS procedure. The specific binding of [125I]Tyr3-Octreotide to sst2R and [3H]Domperidone to D2R was measured in the rat brain, using autoradiography. Additionally, the level of dopamine and metabolites was measured in the rat brain. RESULTS In the final baseline test after 7 weeks of stress, the reduced consumption of sucrose solution was observed (controls vs the stressed animals (6.25 0.16 vs. 10.39 0.41; p < 0.05). Imipramine was administered for the next 5 weeks, and it reversed anhedonia in majority of animals (imipramine-reactive); however, in some animals, it did not (imipramine-non-reactive). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant effects of stress and treatment and time interaction [F(16, 168) = 3.72; p < 0.0001], n = 10 per groups. We observed decreased binding of [125I]Tyr3-Octreotide in most of rat brain regions in imipramine non-reactive groups of animals. The decrease of D2R after stress in striatum and nucleus accumbens and no effect of imipramine were observed. In the striatum and prefrontal cortex, the significant role of stress and imipramine in dopamine levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in binding assays, together with dopamine level, indicate the involvement of sst2R receptors for reaction to antidepressant treatment. Besides, the stress context itself changes the effect of antidepressant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Faron-Górecka
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kuśmider
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Solich
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kolasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Pabian
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Romańska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Żurawek
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Szlachta
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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Khan M, Huang T, Lin CY, Wu J, Fan BM, Bian ZX. Exploiting cancer's phenotypic guise against itself: targeting ectopically expressed peptide G-protein coupled receptors for lung cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104615-104637. [PMID: 29262666 PMCID: PMC5732832 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, claiming millions of lives annually, has the highest mortality rate worldwide. This advocates the development of novel cancer therapies that are highly toxic for cancer cells but negligibly toxic for healthy cells. One of the effective treatments is targeting overexpressed surface receptors of cancer cells with receptor-specific drugs. The receptors-in-focus in the current review are the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are often overexpressed in various types of tumors. The peptide subfamily of GPCRs is the pivot of the current article owing to the high affinity and specificity to and of their cognate peptide ligands, and the proven efficacy of peptide-based therapeutics. The article summarizes various ectopically expressed peptide GPCRs in lung cancer, namely, Cholecystokinin-B/Gastrin receptor, the Bombesin receptor family, Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors, Arginine vasopressin receptors 1a, 1b and 2, and the Somatostatin receptor type 2. The autocrine growth and pro-proliferative pathways they mediate, and the distinct tumor-inhibitory effects of somatostatin receptors are then discussed. The next section covers how these pathways may be influenced or 'corrected' through therapeutics (involving agonists and antagonists) targeting the overexpressed peptide GPCRs. The review proceeds on to Nano-scaled delivery platforms, which enclose chemotherapeutic agents and are decorated with peptide ligands on their external surface, as an effective means of targeting cancer cells. We conclude that targeting these overexpressed peptide GPCRs is potentially evolving as a highly promising form of lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjabin Khan
- Laboratory of Brain-Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Laboratory of Brain-Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Lin
- Laboratory of Brain-Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, P.R. China
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Min Fan
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Laboratory of Brain-Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, P.R. China
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PET–Computed Tomography and Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. PET Clin 2017; 12:407-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Octreotide-conjugated fluorescent PEGylated polymeric nanogel for theranostic applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:490-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Charron CL, Hickey JL, Nsiama TK, Cruickshank DR, Turnbull WL, Luyt LG. Molecular imaging probes derived from natural peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 33:761-800. [PMID: 26911790 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2015.Peptides are naturally occurring compounds that play an important role in all living systems and are responsible for a range of essential functions. Peptide receptors have been implicated in disease states such as oncology, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, natural peptides have been exploited as diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to the unique target specificity for their endogenous receptors. This review discusses a variety of natural peptides highlighting their discovery, endogenous receptors, as well as their derivatization to create molecular imaging agents, with an emphasis on the design of radiolabelled peptides. This review also highlights methods for discovering new and novel peptides when knowledge of specific targets and endogenous ligands are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Charron
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - J L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - T K Nsiama
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - D R Cruickshank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - W L Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - L G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. and Departments of Oncology and Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada and London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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Hoyer D. 5-HT Receptor Nomenclature: Naming Names, Does It Matter? A Tribute to Maurice Rapport. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:908-919. [PMID: 28269984 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The naming of 5-HT receptors has been challenging, especially in the early days when the concept of multiple receptors for a single neurotransmitter was considered to be unrealistic at best. Yet pharmacological (rank orders of potency in functional or biochemical settings) and transductional evidence (second messengers, electrophysiology) clearly indicated the existence of receptor families and subfamilies. The genetic revolution, with the cloning and study of recombinantly expressed receptors, and eventually the cloning of the human and other genomes have made such reservations obsolete. Further, the advances in structural biology, with the possibility to study ligand receptor complexes as crystals and/or using solution NMR have largely confirmed the complexity of the 5-HT receptor system: species differences, existence of multiple receptor active and inactive states, splice variants, editing variants, complexes with multiple interacting proteins and transduction bias. This is a short personal history on how advances in biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, imaging and medicinal chemistry, some lateral thinking, and a decent amount of collaborative spirit within the 5-HT receptor nomenclature committee and the 5-HT community at large have helped to better define the pharmacology of the 5-HT receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience
and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Goadsby PJ, Holland PR, Martins-Oliveira M, Hoffmann J, Schankin C, Akerman S. Pathophysiology of Migraine: A Disorder of Sensory Processing. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:553-622. [PMID: 28179394 PMCID: PMC5539409 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1032] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaguing humans for more than two millennia, manifest on every continent studied, and with more than one billion patients having an attack in any year, migraine stands as the sixth most common cause of disability on the planet. The pathophysiology of migraine has emerged from a historical consideration of the "humors" through mid-20th century distraction of the now defunct Vascular Theory to a clear place as a neurological disorder. It could be said there are three questions: why, how, and when? Why: migraine is largely accepted to be an inherited tendency for the brain to lose control of its inputs. How: the now classical trigeminal durovascular afferent pathway has been explored in laboratory and clinic; interrogated with immunohistochemistry to functional brain imaging to offer a roadmap of the attack. When: migraine attacks emerge due to a disorder of brain sensory processing that itself likely cycles, influenced by genetics and the environment. In the first, premonitory, phase that precedes headache, brain stem and diencephalic systems modulating afferent signals, light-photophobia or sound-phonophobia, begin to dysfunction and eventually to evolve to the pain phase and with time the resolution or postdromal phase. Understanding the biology of migraine through careful bench-based research has led to major classes of therapeutics being identified: triptans, serotonin 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists; gepants, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists; ditans, 5-HT1F receptor agonists, CGRP mechanisms monoclonal antibodies; and glurants, mGlu5 modulators; with the promise of more to come. Investment in understanding migraine has been very successful and leaves us at a new dawn, able to transform its impact on a global scale, as well as understand fundamental aspects of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Goadsby
- Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Neurology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip R Holland
- Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Neurology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Margarida Martins-Oliveira
- Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Neurology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hoffmann
- Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Neurology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schankin
- Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Neurology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Akerman
- Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Neurology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Theoretical analysis of somatostatin receptor 5 with antagonists and agonists for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Divers 2017. [PMID: 28155055 DOI: 10.1007/s11030‐016‐9722‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on SSTR5 receptor modeling and its interaction with reported antagonist and agonist molecules. Modeling of the SSTR5 receptor was carried out using multiple templates with the aim of improving the precision of the generated models. The selective SSTR5 antagonists, agonists and native somatostatin SRIF-14 were employed to propose the binding site of SSTR5 and to identify the critical residues involved in the interaction of the receptor with other molecules. Residues Q2.63, D3.32, Q3.36, C186, Y7.34 and Y7.42 were found to be highly significant for their strong interaction with the receptor. SSTR5 antagonists were utilized to perform a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship study. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was conducted using two different alignment schemes, namely the ligand-based and receptor-based alignment methods. The best statistical results were obtained for ligand-based ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] = 0.988, noc = 4) and receptor-guided methods (docked mode 1:[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], noc = 5), (docked mode 2:[Formula: see text] = 0.555, [Formula: see text], noc = 5). Based on CoMFA contour maps, an electropositive substitution at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] position and bulky group at [Formula: see text] position are important in enhancing molecular activity.
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