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Doran MM, Bermingham KP, Tricklebank MD, Lowry JP. Characterisation of a microelectrochemical biosensor for real-time detection of brain extracellular d-serine. Talanta 2024; 278:126458. [PMID: 38955102 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A modified development protocol and concomitant characterisation of a first generation biosensor for the detection of brain extracellular d-serine is reported. Functional parameters important for neurochemical monitoring, including sensor sensitivity, O2 interference, selectivity, shelf-life and biocompatibility were examined. Construction and development involved the enzyme d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), utilising a dip-coating immobilisation method employing a new extended drying approach. The resultant Pt-based polymer enzyme composite sensor achieved high sensitivity to d-serine (0.76 ± 0.04 nA mm-2. μM-1) and a low μM limit of detection (0.33 ± 0.02 μM). The in-vitro response time was within the solution stirring time, suggesting potential sub-second in-vivo response characteristics. Oxygen interference studies demonstrated a 1 % reduction in current at 50 μM O2 when compared to atmospheric O2 levels (200 μM), indicating that the sensor can be used for reliable neurochemical monitoring of d-serine, free from changes in current associated with physiological O2 fluctuations. Potential interference signals generated by the principal electroactive analytes present in the brain were minimised by using a permselective layer of poly(o-phenylenediamine), and although several d-amino acids are possible substrates for DAAO, their physiologically relevant signals were small relative to that for d-serine. Additionally, changing both temperature and pH over possible in vivo ranges (34-40 °C and 7.2-7.6 respectively) resulted in no significant effect on performance. Finally, the biosensor was implanted in the striatum of freely moving rats and used to monitor physiological changes in d-serine over a two-week period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Doran
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Maynooth University Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Kobi P Bermingham
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Maynooth University Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mark D Tricklebank
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - John P Lowry
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Maynooth University Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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2
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Chen WH, Wang W, Lin Q, Grys DB, Niihori M, Huang J, Hu S, de Nijs B, Scherman OA, Baumberg JJ. Plasmonic Sensing Assay for Long-Term Monitoring (PSALM) of Neurotransmitters in Urine. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:161-171. [PMID: 37096231 PMCID: PMC10119978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
A liquid-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy assay termed PSALM is developed for the selective sensing of neurotransmitters (NTs) with a limit of detection below the physiological range of NT concentrations in urine. This assay is formed by quick and simple nanoparticle (NP) "mix-and-measure" protocols, in which FeIII bridges NTs and gold NPs inside the sensing hotspots. Detection limits of NTs from PreNP PSALM are significantly lower than those of PostNP PSALM, when urine is pretreated by affinity separation. Optimized PSALM enables the long-term monitoring of NT variation in urine in conventional settings for the first time, allowing the development of NTs as predictive or correlative biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Chen
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Wenting Wang
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - David-Benjamin Grys
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Marika Niihori
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Junyang Huang
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Shu Hu
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- JJB,
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3
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Goedhoop JN, van den Boom BJG, Robke R, Veen F, Fellinger L, van Elzelingen W, Arbab T, Willuhn I. Nucleus accumbens dopamine tracks aversive stimulus duration and prediction but not value or prediction error. eLife 2022; 11:82711. [PMID: 36366962 PMCID: PMC9651945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is active debate on the role of dopamine in processing aversive stimuli, where inferred roles range from no involvement at all, to signaling an aversive prediction error (APE). Here, we systematically investigate dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core (NAC), which is closely linked to reward prediction errors, in rats exposed to white noise (WN, a versatile, underutilized, aversive stimulus) and its predictive cues. Both induced a negative dopamine ramp, followed by slow signal recovery upon stimulus cessation. In contrast to reward conditioning, this dopamine signal was unaffected by WN value, context valence, or probabilistic contingencies, and the WN dopamine response shifted only partially toward its predictive cue. However, unpredicted WN provoked slower post-stimulus signal recovery than predicted WN. Despite differing signal qualities, dopamine responses to simultaneous presentation of rewarding and aversive stimuli were additive. Together, our findings demonstrate that instead of an APE, NAC dopamine primarily tracks prediction and duration of aversive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Goedhoop
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Bastijn JG van den Boom
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Rhiannon Robke
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Felice Veen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Lizz Fellinger
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Wouter van Elzelingen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Tara Arbab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Ingo Willuhn
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
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4
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Kaya-Zeeb S, Delac S, Wolf L, Marante AL, Scherf-Clavel O, Thamm M. Robustness of the honeybee neuro-muscular octopaminergic system in the face of cold stress. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1002740. [PMID: 36237520 PMCID: PMC9551396 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1002740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, our planet has undergone dramatic environmental changes resulting in the loss of numerous species. This contrasts with species that can adapt quickly to rapidly changing ambient conditions, which require physiological plasticity and must occur rapidly. The Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) apparently meets this challenge with remarkable success, as this species is adapted to numerous climates, resulting in an almost worldwide distribution. Here, coordinated individual thermoregulatory activities ensure survival at the colony level and thus the transmission of genetic material. Recently, we showed that shivering thermogenesis, which is critical for honeybee thermoregulation, depends on octopamine signaling. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the thoracic neuro-muscular octopaminergic system strives for a steady-state equilibrium under cold stress to maintain endogenous thermogenesis. We can show that this applies for both, octopamine provision by flight muscle innervating neurons and octopamine receptor expression in the flight muscles. Additionally, we discovered alternative splicing for AmOARβ2. At least the expression of one isoform is needed to survive cold stress conditions. We assume that the thoracic neuro-muscular octopaminergic system is finely tuned in order to contribute decisively to survival in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Kaya-Zeeb
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sinan Kaya-Zeeb,
| | - Saskia Delac
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Wolf
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Luiza Marante
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Scherf-Clavel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Thamm
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Veletić M, Apu EH, Simić M, Bergsland J, Balasingham I, Contag CH, Ashammakhi N. Implants with Sensing Capabilities. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16329-16363. [PMID: 35981266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because of the aging human population and increased numbers of surgical procedures being performed, there is a growing number of biomedical devices being implanted each year. Although the benefits of implants are significant, there are risks to having foreign materials in the body that may lead to complications that may remain undetectable until a time at which the damage done becomes irreversible. To address this challenge, advances in implantable sensors may enable early detection of even minor changes in the implants or the surrounding tissues and provide early cues for intervention. Therefore, integrating sensors with implants will enable real-time monitoring and lead to improvements in implant function. Sensor integration has been mostly applied to cardiovascular, neural, and orthopedic implants, and advances in combined implant-sensor devices have been significant, yet there are needs still to be addressed. Sensor-integrating implants are still in their infancy; however, some have already made it to the clinic. With an interdisciplinary approach, these sensor-integrating devices will become more efficient, providing clear paths to clinical translation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Veletić
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,The Intervention Centre, Technology and Innovation Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Mitar Simić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jacob Bergsland
- The Intervention Centre, Technology and Innovation Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ilangko Balasingham
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,The Intervention Centre, Technology and Innovation Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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6
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A unidirectional but not uniform striatal landscape of dopamine signaling for motivational stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117270119. [PMID: 35594399 PMCID: PMC9171911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117270119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceAlthough it is undisputed that striatal dopamine plays a prominent role in motivated behavior and learning, the precise information conveyed by dopamine signals as such is under active debate. For a long time, the idea dominated that dopamine encodes a reward prediction error and that this signal is broadcast uniformly throughout the brain. However, here, we capture dopamine dynamics across many striatal regions and demonstrate that dopamine release is, regionally, extremely heterogeneous and that a reward prediction error-like signal is predominantly found in the relatively small limbic domain of the striatum. Another striking organizing principle is that stimulus valence directs dopamine concentration homogeneously across all regions (i.e., appetitive stimuli increase dopamine and aversive stimuli decrease dopamine).
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7
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van Elzelingen W, Warnaar P, Matos J, Bastet W, Jonkman R, Smulders D, Goedhoop J, Denys D, Arbab T, Willuhn I. Striatal dopamine signals are region specific and temporally stable across action-sequence habit formation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1163-1174.e6. [PMID: 35134325 PMCID: PMC8926842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Habits are automatic, inflexible behaviors that develop slowly with repeated performance. Striatal dopamine signaling instantiates this habit-formation process, presumably region specifically and via ventral-to-dorsal and medial-to-lateral signal shifts. Here, we quantify dopamine release in regions implicated in these presumed shifts (ventromedial striatum [VMS], dorsomedial striatum [DMS], and dorsolateral striatum [DLS]) in rats performing an action-sequence task and characterize habit development throughout a 10-week training. Surprisingly, all regions exhibited stable dopamine dynamics throughout habit development. VMS and DLS signals did not differ between habitual and non-habitual animals, but DMS dopamine release increased during action-sequence initiation and decreased during action-sequence completion in habitual rats, whereas non-habitual rats showed opposite effects. Consistently, optogenetic stimulation of DMS dopamine release accelerated habit formation. Thus, we demonstrate that dopamine signals do not shift regionally during habit formation and that dopamine in DMS, but not VMS or DLS, determines habit bias, attributing “habit functions” to a region previously associated exclusively with non-habitual behavior. Validation of a novel test that monitors habit development individually across time Dopamine release during habit development is stable across relevant striatal regions Only dopamine release in dorsomedial striatum correlates with habit development Optogenetic stimulation of dorsomedial striatal dopamine accelerates habit formation
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8
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Emerging Applications of Optical Fiber-Based Devices for Brain Research. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42765-021-00092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Abstract
This study examines how the several major industries, associated with a carbon artifact production, essentially belong to one, closely knit family. The common parents are the geological fossils called petroleum and coal. The study also reviews the major developments in carbon nanotechnology and electrocatalysis over the last 30 years or so. In this context, the development of various carbon materials with size, dopants, shape, and structure designed to achieve high catalytic electroactivity is reported, and among them recent carbon electrodes with many important features are presented together with their relevant applications in chemical technology, neurochemical monitoring, electrode kinetics, direct carbon fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and supercapattery.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A C Sequeira
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Lei Y, Butler D, Lucking MC, Zhang F, Xia T, Fujisawa K, Granzier-Nakajima T, Cruz-Silva R, Endo M, Terrones H, Terrones M, Ebrahimi A. Single-atom doping of MoS 2 with manganese enables ultrasensitive detection of dopamine: Experimental and computational approach. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc4250. [PMID: 32821846 PMCID: PMC7413726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerged as a promising platform to construct sensitive biosensors. We report an ultrasensitive electrochemical dopamine sensor based on manganese-doped MoS2 synthesized via a scalable two-step approach (with Mn ~2.15 atomic %). Selective dopamine detection is achieved with a detection limit of 50 pM in buffer solution, 5 nM in 10% serum, and 50 nM in artificial sweat. Density functional theory calculations and scanning transmission electron microscopy show that two types of Mn defects are dominant: Mn on top of a Mo atom (MntopMo) and Mn substituting a Mo atom (MnMo). At low dopamine concentrations, physisorption on MnMo dominates. At higher concentrations, dopamine chemisorbs on MntopMo, which is consistent with calculations of the dopamine binding energy (2.91 eV for MntopMo versus 0.65 eV for MnMo). Our results demonstrate that metal-doped layered materials, such as TMDs, constitute an emergent platform to construct ultrasensitive and tunable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Derrick Butler
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michael C. Lucking
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fu Zhang
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tunan Xia
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kazunori Fujisawa
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tomotaroh Granzier-Nakajima
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rodolfo Cruz-Silva
- Initiative for Supra-Materials and Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Initiative for Supra-Materials and Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Humberto Terrones
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Initiative for Supra-Materials and Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Aida Ebrahimi
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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11
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A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9214719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters as electrochemical signaling molecules are essential for proper brain function and their dysfunction is involved in several mental disorders. Therefore, the accurate detection and monitoring of these substances are crucial in brain studies. Neurotransmitters are present in the nervous system at very low concentrations, and they mixed with many other biochemical molecules and minerals, thus making their selective detection and measurement difficult. Although numerous techniques to do so have been proposed in the literature, neurotransmitter monitoring in the brain is still a challenge and the subject of ongoing research. This article reviews the current advances and trends in neurotransmitters detection techniques, including in vivo sampling and imaging techniques, electrochemical and nano-object sensing techniques for in vitro and in vivo detection, as well as spectrometric, analytical and derivatization-based methods mainly used for in vitro research. The document analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each method, with the aim to offer selection guidelines for neuro-engineering research.
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12
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Robke R, Hashemi P, Ramsson E. A simplified LED-driven switch for fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry instrumentation. HARDWAREX 2019; 5:e00051. [PMID: 34113744 PMCID: PMC8189313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2018.e00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an analytical tool used to probe neurochemical processes in real-time. A major drawback for specialized applications of FSCV is that instrumentation must be constructed or modified in-house by those with expertise in electronics. One such specialized application is the newly developed fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry (FSCAV) that measures basal (tonic) in vivo dopamine and serotonin concentrations. FSCAV requires additional software and equipment (an operational amplifier coupled to a transistor-transistor logic) allowing the system to switch between applying a FSCV waveform and a constant potential to the working electrode. Herein we describe a novel, simplified switching component to facilitate the integration of FSCAV into existing FSCV instruments, thereby making this method more accessible to the community. Specifically, we employ two light emitting diodes (LEDs) to generate the voltage needed to drive a NPN bipolar junction transistor, substantially streamlining the circuitry and fabrication of the switching component. We performed in vitro and in vivo analyses to compare the new LED circuit vs. the original switch. Our data shows that the novel simplified switching component performs equally well when compared to traditional instrumentation. Thus, we present a new, simplified scheme to perform FSCAV that is cheap, simple, and easy to construct by individuals without a background in engineering and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Robke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Eric Ramsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
- Corresponding author. (E. Ramsson)
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13
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Characterisation of a Platinum-based Electrochemical Biosensor for Real-time Neurochemical Analysis of Choline. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Integrity Assessment of a Hybrid DBS Probe that Enables Neurotransmitter Detection Simultaneously to Electrical Stimulation and Recording. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9100510. [PMID: 30424443 PMCID: PMC6215126 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a successful medical therapy for many treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorders such as movement disorders; e.g., Parkinson's disease, Tremor, and dystonia. Moreover, DBS is becoming more and more appealing for a rapidly growing number of patients with other neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. In spite of the promising outcomes, the current clinical hardware used in DBS does not match the technological standards of other medical applications and as a result could possibly lead to side effects such as high energy consumption and others. By implementing more advanced DBS devices, in fact, many of these limitations could be overcome. For example, a higher channels count and smaller electrode sites could allow more focal and tailored stimulation. In addition, new materials, like carbon for example, could be incorporated into the probes to enable adaptive stimulation protocols by biosensing neurotransmitters in the brain. Updating the current clinical DBS technology adequately requires combining the most recent technological advances in the field of neural engineering. Here, a novel hybrid multimodal DBS probe with glassy carbon microelectrodes on a polyimide thin-film device assembled on a silicon rubber tubing is introduced. The glassy carbon interface enables neurotransmitter detection using fast scan cyclic voltammetry and electrophysiological recordings while simultaneously performing electrical stimulation. Additionally, the presented DBS technology shows no imaging artefacts in magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, we present a promising new tool that might lead to a better fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanism of DBS while simultaneously paving our way towards better treatments.
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15
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Nicolai EN, Michelson NJ, Settell ML, Hara SA, Trevathan JK, Asp AJ, Stocking KC, Lujan JL, Kozai TDY, Ludwig KA. Design Choices for Next-Generation Neurotechnology Can Impact Motion Artifact in Electrophysiological and Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E494. [PMID: 30424427 PMCID: PMC6215211 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Implantable devices to measure neurochemical or electrical activity from the brain are mainstays of neuroscience research and have become increasingly utilized as enabling components of clinical therapies. In order to increase the number of recording channels on these devices while minimizing the immune response, flexible electrodes under 10 µm in diameter have been proposed as ideal next-generation neural interfaces. However, the representation of motion artifact during neurochemical or electrophysiological recordings using ultra-small, flexible electrodes remains unexplored. In this short communication, we characterize motion artifact generated by the movement of 7 µm diameter carbon fiber electrodes during electrophysiological recordings and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) measurements of electroactive neurochemicals. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrate that artifact induced by motion can be problematic to distinguish from the characteristic signals associated with recorded action potentials or neurochemical measurements. These results underscore that new electrode materials and recording paradigms can alter the representation of common sources of artifact in vivo and therefore must be carefully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan N Nicolai
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Michelson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Megan L Settell
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Seth A Hara
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - James K Trevathan
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Anders J Asp
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Kaylene C Stocking
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - J Luis Lujan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- NeuroTech Center of the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Kip A Ludwig
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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16
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Monteiro T, Almeida MG. Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors Revisited: Old Solutions for New Problems. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:44-66. [PMID: 29757683 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1461552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide legislation is driving the development of novel and highly efficient analytical tools for assessing the composition of every material that interacts with Consumers or Nature. The biosensor technology is one of the most active R&D domains of Analytical Sciences focused on the challenge of taking analytical chemistry to the field. Electrochemical biosensors based on redox enzymes, in particular, are highly appealing due to their usual quick response, high selectivity and sensitivity, low cost and portable dimensions. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the most important advances made in the field since the proposal of the first biosensor, the well-known hand-held glucose meter. The first section addresses the current needs and challenges for novel analytical tools, followed by a brief description of the different components and configurations of biosensing devices, and the fundamentals of enzyme kinetics and amperometry. The following sections emphasize on enzyme-based amperometric biosensors and the different stages of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Monteiro
- a UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Caparica , Portugal
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17
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Wilson LR, Panda S, Schmidt AC, Sombers LA. Selective and Mechanically Robust Sensors for Electrochemical Measurements of Real-Time Hydrogen Peroxide Dynamics in Vivo. Anal Chem 2018; 90:888-895. [PMID: 29191006 PMCID: PMC5750107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an endogenous molecule that plays several important roles in brain function: it is generated in cellular respiration, serves as a modulator of dopaminergic signaling, and its presence can indicate the upstream production of more aggressive reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2O2 has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), creating a critical need to identify mechanisms by which H2O2 modulates cellular processes in general and how it affects the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, in particular. Furthermore, there is broad interest in selective electrochemical quantification of H2O2, because it is often enzymatically generated at biosensors as a reporter for the presence of nonelectroactive target molecules. H2O2 fluctuations can be monitored in real time using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) coupled with carbon-fiber microelectrodes. However, selective identification is a critical issue when working in the presence of other molecules that generate similar voltammograms, such as adenosine and histamine. We have addressed this problem by fabricating a robust, H2O2-selective electrode. 1,3-Phenylenediamine (mPD) was electrodeposited on a carbon-fiber microelectrode to create a size-exclusion membrane, rendering the electrode sensitive to H2O2 fluctuations and pH shifts but not to other commonly studied neurochemicals. The electrodes are described and characterized herein. The data demonstrate that this technology can be used to ensure the selective detection of H2O2, enabling confident characterization of the role this molecule plays in normal physiological function as well as in the progression of PD and other neuropathies involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sambit Panda
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Andreas C. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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18
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Xiao G, Song Y, Zhang S, Yang L, Xu S, Zhang Y, Xu H, Gao F, Li Z, Cai X. A high-sensitive nano-modified biosensor for dynamic monitoring of glutamate and neural spike covariation from rat cortex to hippocampal sub-regions. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 291:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Salatino JW, Ludwig KA, Kozai TDY, Purcell EK. Glial responses to implanted electrodes in the brain. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:862-877. [PMID: 30505625 PMCID: PMC6261524 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of implants that can electrically stimulate or record electrophysiological or neurochemical activity in nervous tissue is rapidly expanding. Despite remarkable results in clinical studies and increasing market approvals, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of neuroprosthetic and neuromodulation devices, as well as their side effects and reasons for their failure, remain poorly understood. A major assumption has been that the signal-generating neurons are the only important target cells of neural-interface technologies. However, recent evidence indicates that the supporting glial cells remodel the structure and function of neuronal networks and are an effector of stimulation-based therapy. Here, we reframe the traditional view of glia as a passive barrier, and discuss their role as an active determinant of the outcomes of device implantation. We also discuss the implications that this has on the development of bioelectronic medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Salatino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kip A. Ludwig
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Takashi D. Y. Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neurotech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin K. Purcell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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20
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Lima AS, Prieto KR, Santos CS, Paula Valerio H, Garcia-Ochoa EY, Huerta-Robles A, Beltran-Garcia MJ, Di Mascio P, Bertotti M. In-vivo electrochemical monitoring of H 2O 2 production induced by root-inoculated endophytic bacteria in Agave tequilana leaves. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 99:108-114. [PMID: 28746900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A dual-function platinum disc microelectrode sensor was used for in-situ monitoring of H2O2 produced in A. tequilana leaves after inoculation of their endophytic bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae). Voltammetric experiments were carried out from 0.0 to -1.0V, a potential range where H2O2 is electrochemically reduced. A needle was used to create a small cavity in the upper epidermis of A. tequilana leaves, where the fabricated electrochemical sensor was inserted by using a manual three-dimensional micropositioner. Control experiments were performed with untreated plants and the obtained electrochemical results clearly proved the formation of H2O2 in the leaves of plants 3h after the E. cloacae inoculation, according to a mechanism involving endogenous signaling pathways. In order to compare the sensitivity of the microelectrode sensor, the presence of H2O2 was detected in the root hairs by 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) stain 72h after bacterial inoculation. In-situ pH measurements were also carried out with a gold disc microelectrode modified with a film of iridium oxide and lower pH values were found in A. tequilana leaves treated with bacteria, which may indicate the plant produces acidic substances by biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. This microsensor could be an advantageous tool for further studies on the understanding of the mechanism of H2O2 production during the plant-endophyte interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Lima
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kátia R Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla S Santos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hellen Paula Valerio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Y Garcia-Ochoa
- Department of Chemistry ICET, Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Aurora Huerta-Robles
- Institute of Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Blvd. B. Juarez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Miguel J Beltran-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry ICET, Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Doran MM, Finnerty NJ, Lowry JP. In-Vitro
Development and Characterisation of a Superoxide Dismutase-Based Biosensor. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Doran
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Maynooth University Department of Chemistry; Maynooth University; Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Niall J. Finnerty
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Maynooth University Department of Chemistry; Maynooth University; Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - John P. Lowry
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Maynooth University Department of Chemistry; Maynooth University; Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
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22
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Rodeberg NT, Sandberg SG, Johnson JA, Phillips PEM, Wightman RM. Hitchhiker's Guide to Voltammetry: Acute and Chronic Electrodes for in Vivo Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:221-234. [PMID: 28127962 PMCID: PMC5783156 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has been used for over 20 years to study rapid neurotransmission in awake and behaving animals. These experiments were first carried out with carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) encased in borosilicate glass, which can be inserted into the brain through micromanipulators and guide cannulas. More recently, chronically implantable CFMs constructed with small diameter fused-silica have been introduced. These electrodes can be affixed in the brain with minimal tissue response, which permits longitudinal measurements of neurotransmission in single recording locations during behavior. Both electrode designs have been used to make novel discoveries in the fields of neurobiology, behavioral neuroscience, and psychopharmacology. The purpose of this Review is to address important considerations for the use of FSCV to study neurotransmitters in awake and behaving animals, with a focus on measurements of striatal dopamine. Common issues concerning experimental design, data collection, and calibration are addressed. When necessary, differences between the two methodologies (acute vs chronic recordings) are discussed. The topics raised in this Review are particularly important as the field moves beyond dopamine toward new neurochemicals and brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Rodeberg
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience
Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Sciences and ∥Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6560, United States
| | - Stefan G. Sandberg
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience
Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Sciences and ∥Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6560, United States
| | - Justin A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience
Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Sciences and ∥Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6560, United States
| | - Paul E. M. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience
Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Sciences and ∥Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6560, United States
| | - R. Mark Wightman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience
Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Sciences and ∥Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6560, United States
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23
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Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and optical probes for detection and imaging of peroxynitrite: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Yang C, Trikantzopoulos E, Nguyen MD, Jacobs CB, Wang Y, Mahjouri-Samani M, Ivanov IN, Venton BJ. Laser Treated Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine in Vivo. ACS Sens 2016; 1:508-515. [PMID: 27430021 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube yarn microelectrodes (CNTYMEs) exhibit rapid and selective detection of dopamine with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV); however, the sensitivity limits their application in vivo. In this study, we introduce laser treatment as a simple, reliable, and efficient approach to improve the sensitivity of CNTYMEs by three fold while maintaining high temporal resolution. The effect of laser treatment on the microelectrode surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and laser confocal microscopy. Laser treatment increases the surface area and oxygen containing functional groups on the surface, which provides more adsorption sites for dopamine than at unmodified CNTYMEs. Moreover, similar to unmodified CNTYMEs, the dopamine signal at laser treated CNTYMEs is not dependent on scan repetition frequency, unlike the current at carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) which decreases with increasing scan repetition frequency. This frequency independence is caused by the significantly larger surface roughness which would trap dopamine-o-quinone and amplify the dopamine signal. CNTYMEs were applied as an in vivo sensor with FSCV for the first time and laser treated CNTYMEs maintained high dopamine sensitivity compared to CFMEs with an increased scan repetition frequency of 50 Hz, which is five-fold faster than the conventional frequency. CNTYMEs with laser treatment are advantageous because of their easy fabrication, high reproducibility, fast electron transfer kinetics, high sensitivity, and rapid in vivo measurement of dopamine and could be a potential alternative to CFMEs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | | | - Michael D. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Christopher B. Jacobs
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Masoud Mahjouri-Samani
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ilia N. Ivanov
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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25
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Zhang S, Song Y, Wang M, Zhang Z, Fan X, Song X, Zhuang P, Yue F, Chan P, Cai X. A silicon based implantable microelectrode array for electrophysiological and dopamine recording from cortex to striatum in the non-human primate brain. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:53-61. [PMID: 27155116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual-mode, multielectrode recordings have become routine in rodent neuroscience research and have recently been adapted to the non-human primate. However, robust and reliable application of acute, multielectrode recording methods in monkeys especially for deep brain nucleus research remains a challenge. In this paper, We described a low cost silicon based 16-site implantable microelectrode array (MEA) chip fabricated by standard lithography technology for in vivo test. The array was 25mm long and designed to use in non-human primate models, for electrophysiological and electrochemical recording. We presented a detailed protocol for array fabrication, then showed that the device can record Spikes, LFPs and dopamine (DA) variation continuously from cortex to striatum in an esthetized monkey. Though our experiment, high-quality electrophysiological signals were obtained from the animal. Across any given microelectrode, spike amplitudes ranged from 70 to 300μV peak to peak, with a mean signal-to-noise ratio of better than 5:1. Calibration results showed the MEA probe had high sensitivity and good selectivity for DA. The DA concentration changed from 42.8 to 481.6μM when the MEA probe inserted from cortex into deep brain nucleus of striatum, which reflected the inhomogeneous distribution of DA in brains. Compared with existing methods allowing single mode (electrophysiology or electrochemistry) recording. This system is designed explicitly for dual-mode recording to meet the challenges of recording in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Mixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0098, USA
| | - Xinyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Xianteng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Ping Zhuang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China.
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26
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Zestos AG, Yang C, Jacobs CB, Hensley D, Venton BJ. Carbon nanospikes grown on metal wires as microelectrode sensors for dopamine. Analyst 2015; 140:7283-92. [PMID: 26389138 PMCID: PMC4618699 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are advantageous as electrodes for neurotransmitter detection, but the difficulty of nanomaterials deposition on electrode substrates limits the reproducibility and future applications. In this study, we used plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to directly grow a thin layer of carbon nanospikes (CNS) on cylindrical metal substrates. No catalyst is required and the CNS surface coverage is uniform over the cylindrical metal substrate. The CNS growth was characterized on several metallic substrates including tantalum, niobium, palladium, and nickel wires. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), bare metal wires could not detect 1 μM dopamine while carbon nanospike coated wires could. The highest sensitivity and optimized S/N ratio was recorded from carbon nanospike-tantalum (CNS-Ta) microwires grown for 7.5 minutes, which had a LOD of 8 ± 2 nM for dopamine with FSCV. CNS-Ta microelectrodes were more reversible and had a smaller ΔE(p) for dopamine than carbon-fiber microelectrodes, suggesting faster electron transfer kinetics. The kinetics of dopamine redox were adsorption controlled at CNS-Ta microelectrodes and repeated electrochemical measurements displayed stability for up to ten hours in vitro and over a ten day period as well. The oxidation potential was significantly different for ascorbic acid and uric acid compared to dopamine. Growing carbon nanospikes on metal wires is a promising method to produce uniformly-coated, carbon nanostructured cylindrical microelectrodes for sensitive dopamine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Zestos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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27
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Baker KL, Bolger FB, Lowry JP. A microelectrochemical biosensor for real-time in vivo monitoring of brain extracellular choline. Analyst 2015; 140:3738-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A first generation Pt-based polymer enzyme composite biosensor developed for real-time neurochemical monitoring was characterised in vivo for sensitive and selective detection of choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeley L. Baker
- Neurochemistry Research Unit
- BioAnalytics Laboratory
- Maynooth University Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
| | - Fiachra B. Bolger
- Neurochemistry Research Unit
- BioAnalytics Laboratory
- Maynooth University Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
| | - John P. Lowry
- Neurochemistry Research Unit
- BioAnalytics Laboratory
- Maynooth University Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
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28
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Nguyen MD, Venton BJ. Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry for the Characterization of Rapid Adenosine Release. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 13:47-54. [PMID: 26900429 PMCID: PMC4720017 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a signaling molecule and downstream product of ATP that acts as a neuromodulator. Adenosine regulates physiological processes, such as neurotransmission and blood flow, on a time scale of minutes to hours. Recent developments in electrochemical techniques, including fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), have allowed direct detection of adenosine with sub-second temporal resolution. FSCV studies have revealed a novel mode of rapid signaling that lasts only a few seconds. This rapid release of adenosine can be evoked by electrical or mechanical stimulations or it can be observed spontaneously without stimulation. Adenosine signaling on this time scale is activity dependent; however, the mode of release is not fully understood. Rapid adenosine release modulates oxygen levels and evoked dopamine release, indicating that adenosine may have a rapid modulatory role. In this review, we outline how FSCV can be used to detect adenosine release, compare FSCV with other techniques used to measure adenosine, and present an overview of adenosine signaling that has been characterized using FSCV. These studies point to a rapid mode of adenosine modulation, whose mechanism and function will continue to be characterized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
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29
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Zestos A, Jacobs CB, Trikantzopoulos E, Ross AE, Venton BJ. Polyethylenimine carbon nanotube fiber electrodes for enhanced detection of neurotransmitters. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8568-75. [PMID: 25117550 PMCID: PMC4151793 DOI: 10.1021/ac5003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based microelectrodes have been investigated as alternatives to carbon-fiber microelectrodes for the detection of neurotransmitters because they are sensitive, exhibit fast electron transfer kinetics, and are more resistant to surface fouling. Wet spinning CNTs into fibers using a coagulating polymer produces a thin, uniform fiber that can be fabricated into an electrode. CNT fibers formed in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have been used as microelectrodes to detect dopamine, serotonin, and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we characterize microelectrodes with CNT fibers made in polyethylenimine (PEI), which have much higher conductivity than PVA-CNT fibers. PEI-CNT fibers have lower overpotentials and higher sensitivities than PVA-CNT fiber microelectrodes, with a limit of detection of 5 nM for dopamine. The currents for dopamine were adsorption controlled at PEI-CNT fiber microelectrodes, independent of scan repetition frequency, and stable for over 10 h. PEI-CNT fiber microelectrodes were resistant to surface fouling by serotonin and the metabolite interferant 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). No change in sensitivity was observed for detection of serotonin after 30 flow injection experiments or after 2 h in 5-HIAA for PEI-CNT electrodes. The antifouling properties were maintained in brain slices when serotonin was exogenously applied multiple times or after bathing the slice in 5-HIAA. Thus, PEI-CNT fiber electrodes could be useful for the in vivo monitoring of neurochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
G. Zestos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Christopher B. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | | | - Ashley E. Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
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30
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Willuhn I, Burgeno LM, Groblewski PA, Phillips PEM. Excessive cocaine use results from decreased phasic dopamine signaling in the striatum. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:704-9. [PMID: 24705184 PMCID: PMC4714770 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder marked by escalating drug use. Dopamine neurotransmission in the ventromedial striatum (VMS) mediates acute reinforcing effects of abused drugs, but with protracted use the dorsolateral striatum is thought to assume control over drug seeking. We measured striatal dopamine release during a cocaine self-administration regimen that produced escalation of drug taking in rats. Surprisingly, we found that phasic dopamine decreased in both regions as the rate of cocaine intake increased, with the decrement in dopamine in the VMS significantly correlated with the rate of escalation. Administration of the dopamine precursor L-DOPA at a dose that replenished dopamine signaling in the VMS reversed escalation, thereby demonstrating a causal relationship between diminished dopamine transmission and excessive drug use. Together these data provide mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the excessive drug intake that emerges following protracted use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Willuhn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren M. Burgeno
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter A. Groblewski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul E. M. Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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31
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Jennings KA. A comparison of the subsecond dynamics of neurotransmission of dopamine and serotonin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:704-14. [PMID: 23627553 DOI: 10.1021/cn4000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromodulators dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) are similar in a number of ways. Both monoamines can act by volume transmission at metabotropic receptors to modulate synaptic transmission in brain circuits. Presynaptic regulation of 5-HT and DA is governed by parallel processes, and behaviorally, both exert control over emotional processing. However, differences are also apparent: more than twice as many 5-HT receptor subtypes mediate postsynaptic effects than DA receptors and different presynaptic regulation is also emerging. Monoamines are amenable to real-time electrochemical detection using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), which allows resolution of the subsecond dynamics of release and reuptake in response to a single action potential. This approach has greatly enriched understanding of DA transmission and has facilitated an integrated view of how DA mediates behavioral control. However, technical challenges are associated with FSCV measurement of 5-HT and understanding of 5-HT transmission at subsecond resolution has not advanced at the same rate. As a result, how the actions of 5-HT at the level of the synapse translate into behavior is poorly understood. Recent technical advances may aid the study of 5-HT in real-time. It is timely, therefore, to compare and contrast what is currently understood of the subsecond characteristics of transmission for DA and 5-HT. In doing so, a number of areas are highlighted as being worthy of exploration for 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. Jennings
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, U.K. OX1
3PT
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32
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Rogers ML, Boutelle MG. Real-time clinical monitoring of biomolecules. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:427-453. [PMID: 23772662 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of clinical biomarkers offers the exciting possibility of new therapies that use biomarker levels to guide treatment in real time. This review explores recent progress toward this goal. We initially consider measurements in body fluids by a range of analytical methods. We then discuss direct tissue measurements performed by implanted sensors; sampling techniques, including microdialysis and ultrafiltration; and noninvasive methods. A future directions section considers analytical methods at the cusp of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Rogers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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33
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Roberts JG, Lugo-Morales LZ, Loziuk PL, Sombers LA. Real-time chemical measurements of dopamine release in the brain. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 964:275-94. [PMID: 23296789 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-251-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Rapid changes in extracellular dopamine concentrations in freely moving or anesthetized rats can be detected using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Background-subtracted FSCV is a real-time electrochemical technique that can monitor neurochemical transmission in the brain on a subsecond timescale, while providing chemical information on the analyte. Also, this voltammetric approach allows for the investigation of the kinetics of release and uptake of molecules in the brain. This chapter describes, completely, how to make these measurements and the properties of FSCV that make it uniquely suitable for performing chemical measurements of dopaminergic neurotransmission in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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34
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Borgmann S, Schulte A, Neugebauer S, Schuhmann W. Amperometric Biosensors. ADVANCES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527644117.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Park J, Takmakov P, Wightman RM. In vivo comparison of norepinephrine and dopamine release in rat brain by simultaneous measurements with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. J Neurochem 2011; 119:932-44. [PMID: 21933188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain norepinephrine and dopamine regulate a variety of critical behaviors such as stress, learning, memory, and drug addiction. In this study, we demonstrate differences in the regulation of in vivo neurotransmission for dopamine in the anterior nucleus accumbens (NAc) and norepinephrine in the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST) of the anesthetized rat. Release of the two catecholamines was measured simultaneously using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at two different carbon-fiber microelectrodes, each implanted in the brain region of interest. Simultaneous dopamine and norepinephrine release was evoked by electrical stimulation of a region where the ventral noradrenergic bundle, the pathway of noradrenergic neurons, courses through the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies. The release and uptake of norepinephrine in the vBNST were both significantly slower than for dopamine in the NAc. Pharmacological manipulations in the same animal demonstrated that the two catecholamines are differently regulated. The combination of a dopamine autoreceptor antagonist and amphetamine significantly increased basal extracellular dopamine whereas a norepinephrine autoreceptor antagonist and amphetamine did not change basal norepinephrine concentration. α-Methyl-p-tyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, decreased electrically evoked dopamine release faster than norepinephrine. The dual-microelectrode fast-scan cyclic voltammetry technique along with anatomical and pharmacological evidence confirms that dopamine in the NAc and norepinephrine in the vBNST can be monitored selectively and simultaneously in the same animal. The high temporal and spatial resolution of the technique enabled us to examine differences in the dynamics of extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine concurrently in two different limbic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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36
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Jacobs CB, Vickrey TL, Venton BJ. Functional groups modulate the sensitivity and electron transfer kinetics of neurochemicals at carbon nanotube modified microelectrodes. Analyst 2011; 136:3557-65. [PMID: 21373669 PMCID: PMC4169050 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of carbon-based electrodes are critically important for the detection of biomolecules and can modulate electrostatic interactions, adsorption and electrocatalysis. Carbon nanotube (CNT) modified electrodes have previously been shown to have increased oxidative sensitivity and reduced overpotential for catecholamine neurotransmitters, but the effect of surface functionalities on these properties has not been characterized. In this study, we modified carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) with three differently functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes and measured their response to serotonin, dopamine, and ascorbic acid using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Both carboxylic acid functionalized and amide functionalized CNTs increased the oxidative current of CFMEs by approximately 2-6 fold for the cationic neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine, but octadecylamine functionalized CNTs resulted in no significant signal change. Similarly, electron transfer was faster for both amide and carboxylic acid functionalized CNT modified electrodes but slower for octadecylamine CNT modified electrodes. Oxidation of ascorbic acid was only increased with carboxylic acid functionalized CNTs although all CNT-modified electrodes showed a trend towards increased reversibility for ascorbic acid. Carboxylic acid-CNT modified disk electrodes were then tested for detection of serotonin in the ventral nerve cord of a Drosophila melanogaster larva, and the increase in sensitivity was maintained in biological tissue. The functional groups of CNTs therefore modulate the electrochemical properties, and the increase in sensitivity from CNT modification facilitates measurements in biological samples.
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37
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Keithley RB, Wightman RM. Assessing principal component regression prediction of neurochemicals detected with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:514-525. [PMID: 21966586 DOI: 10.1021/cn200035u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Principal component regression is a multivariate data analysis approach routinely used to predict neurochemical concentrations from in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry measurements. This mathematical procedure can rapidly be employed with present day computer programming languages. Here, we evaluate several methods that can be used to evaluate and improve multivariate concentration determination. The cyclic voltammetric representation of the calculated regression vector is shown to be a valuable tool in determining whether the calculated multivariate model is chemically appropriate. The use of Cook's distance successfully identified outliers contained within in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry training sets. This work also presents the first direct interpretation of a residual color plot and demonstrated the effect of peak shifts on predicted dopamine concentrations. Finally, separate analyses of smaller increments of a single continuous measurement could not be concatenated without substantial error in the predicted neurochemical concentrations due to electrode drift. Taken together, these tools allow for the construction of more robust multivariate calibration models and provide the first approach to assess the predictive ability of a procedure that is inherently impossible to validate because of the lack of in vivo standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Keithley
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience Center and Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - R. Mark Wightman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience Center and Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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38
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Yoshimi K, Naya Y, Mitani N, Kato T, Inoue M, Natori S, Takahashi T, Weitemier A, Nishikawa N, McHugh T, Einaga Y, Kitazawa S. Phasic reward responses in the monkey striatum as detected by voltammetry with diamond microelectrodes. Neurosci Res 2011; 71:49-62. [PMID: 21645558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reward-induced burst firing of dopaminergic neurons has mainly been studied in the primate midbrain. Voltammetry allows high-speed detection of dopamine release in the projection area. Although voltammetry has revealed presynaptic modulation of dopamine release in the striatum, to date, reward-induced release in awakened brains has been recorded only in rodents. To make such recordings, it is possible to use conventional carbon fibres in monkey brains but the use of these fibres is limited by their physical fragility. In this study, constant-potential amperometry was applied to novel diamond microelectrodes for high-speed detection of dopamine. In primate brains during Pavlovian cue-reward trials, a sharp response to a reward cue was detected in the caudate of Japanese monkeys. Overall, this method allows measurements of monoamine release in specific target areas of large brains, the findings from which will expand the knowledge of reward responses obtained by unit recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yoshimi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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39
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Bolger FB, McHugh SB, Bennett R, Li J, Ishiwari K, Francois J, Conway MW, Gilmour G, Bannerman DM, Fillenz M, Tricklebank M, Lowry JP. Characterisation of carbon paste electrodes for real-time amperometric monitoring of brain tissue oxygen. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 195:135-42. [PMID: 21115045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue O₂ can be monitored using a variety of electrochemical techniques and electrodes. In vitro and in vivo characterisation studies for O₂ reduction at carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) using constant potential amperometry (CPA) are presented. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that an applied potential of -650 mV is required for O₂ reduction at CPEs. High sensitivity (-1.49 ± 0.01 nA/μM), low detection limit (ca. 0.1 μM) and good linear response characteristics (R² > 0.99) were observed in calibration experiments performed at this potential. There was also no effect of pH, temperature, and ion changes, and no dependence upon flow/fluid convection (stirring). Several compounds (e.g. dopamine and its metabolites) present in brain extracellular fluid were tested at physiological concentrations and shown not to interfere with the CPA O₂ signal. In vivo experiments confirmed a sub-second response time observed in vitro and demonstrated long-term stability extending over twelve weeks, with minimal O₂ consumption (ca. 1 nmol/h). These results indicate that CPEs operating amperometrically at a constant potential of -650 mV (vs. SCE) can be used reliably to continuously monitor brain extracellular tissue O₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiachra B Bolger
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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40
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Takmakov P, Zachek MK, Keithley RB, Bucher ES, McCarty GS, Wightman RM. Characterization of local pH changes in brain using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with carbon microelectrodes. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9892-900. [PMID: 21047096 DOI: 10.1021/ac102399n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transient local pH changes in the brain are important markers of neural activity that can be used to follow metabolic processes that underlie the biological basis of behavior, learning and memory. There are few methods that can measure pH fluctuations with sufficient time resolution in freely moving animals. Previously, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes was used for the measurement of such pH transients. However, the origin of the potential dependent current in the cyclic voltammograms for pH changes recorded in vivo was unclear. The current work explored the nature of these peaks and established the origin for some of them. A peak relating to the capacitive nature of the pH CV was identified. Adsorption of electrochemically inert species, such as aromatic amines and calcium could suppress this peak, and is the origin for inconsistencies regarding in vivo and in vitro data. Also, we identified an extra peak in the in vivo pH CV relating to the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyacetic acid (DOPAC) in the brain extracellular fluid. To evaluate the in vivo performance of the carbon-fiber sensor, carbon dioxide inhalation by an anesthetized rat was used to induce brain acidosis induced by hypercapnia. Hypercapnia is demonstrated to be a useful tool to induce robust in vivo pH changes, allowing confirmation of the pH signal observed with FSCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Takmakov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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41
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Vickrey TL, Condron B, Venton BJ. Detection of endogenous dopamine changes in Drosophila melanogaster using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9306-13. [PMID: 19842636 PMCID: PMC2876717 DOI: 10.1021/ac901638z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, is a commonly used model organism because of its homology to mammals and facile genetic manipulations. However, the size of the nervous system is very small. We report a method to evoke and detect rapid changes in extracellular dopamine in a single nerve cord isolated from a Drosophila larva. Flies were genetically modified to express Channelrhodopsin-2, a blue-light activated cation channel, in only dopaminergic neurons. Extracellular dopamine changes were measured with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at an implanted carbon-fiber microelectrode. Stimulations of 7 s with blue light result in an average peak dopamine concentration of 810 +/- 60 nM, similar to electrically-stimulated release in mammals. Stimulations repeated at 15 min intervals are stable for 65 min, allowing pharmacological experiments in the same sample. Peak duration is extended after cocaine or nisoxetine, inhibitors of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Release was reduced upon exposure to reserpine, which inhibits vesicular packaging. Chronic administration of NSD-1015, a dopamine synthesis inhibitor, decreased dopamine release and inhibited pupation, showing a link between neurotransmission and physiology. This is the first method to measure endogenous dopamine in an intact larval Drosophila nervous system and will allow studies of genetic and pharmacological manipulations of dopamine release and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha L. Vickrey
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Barry Condron
- Dept. of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
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42
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Hashemi P, Dankoski EC, Petrovic J, Keithley RB, Wightman RM. Voltammetric detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine release in the rat brain. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9462-71. [PMID: 19827792 PMCID: PMC2783829 DOI: 10.1021/ac9018846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an important molecule in the brain that is implicated in mood and emotional processes. In vivo, its dynamic release and uptake kinetics are poorly understood due to a lack of analytical techniques for its rapid measurement. Whereas fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with carbon fiber microelectrodes is used frequently to monitor subsecond dopamine release in freely moving and anesthetized rats, the electrooxidation of 5-HT forms products that quickly polymerize and irreversibly coat the carbon electrode surface. Previously described modifications of the electrochemical waveform allow stable and sensitive 5-HT measurements in mammalian tissue slice preparations and in the brain of fruit fly larvae. For in vivo applications in mammals, however, the problem of electrode deterioration persists. We identify the root of this problem to be fouling by extracellular metabolites such as 5-hydoxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), which is present in 200-1000 times the concentration of 5-HT and displays similar electrochemical properties, including filming of the electrode surface. To impede access of the 5-HIAA to the electrode surface, a thin layer of Nafion, a cation exchange polymer, has been electrodeposited onto cylindrical carbon-fiber microelectrodes. The presence of the Nafion film was confirmed with environmental scanning electron microscopy and was demonstrated by the diminution of the voltammetric signals for 5-HIAA as well as other common anionic species. The modified microelectrodes also display increased sensitivity to 5-HT, yielding a characteristic cyclic voltammogram that is easily distinguishable from other common electroactive brain species. The thickness of the Nafion coating and a diffusion coefficient (D) in the film for 5-HT were evaluated by measuring permeation through Nafion. In vivo, we used physiological, anatomical, and pharmacological evidence to validate the signal as 5-HT. Using Nafion-modified microelectrodes, we present the first endogenous recording of 5-HT in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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43
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Electrochemical quantification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen: challenges and opportunities. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:95-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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44
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Gulaboski R, Lovrić M, Mirčeski V, Bogeski I, Hoth M. Protein-film voltammetry: A theoretical study of the temperature effect using square-wave voltammetry. Biophys Chem 2008; 137:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Johnson MD, Franklin RK, Gibson MD, Brown RB, Kipke DR. Implantable microelectrode arrays for simultaneous electrophysiological and neurochemical recordings. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 174:62-70. [PMID: 18692090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Implantable microfabricated microelectrode arrays represent a versatile and powerful tool to record electrophysiological activity across multiple spatial locations in the brain. Spikes and field potentials, however, correspond to only a fraction of the physiological information available at the neural interface. In urethane-anesthetized rats, microfabricated microelectrode arrays were implanted acutely for simultaneous recording of striatal local field potentials, spikes, and electrically evoked dopamine overflow on the same spatiotemporal scale. During these multi-modal recordings we observed (1) that the amperometric method used to detect dopamine did not significantly influence electrophysiological activity, (2) that electrical stimulation in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) region resulted in electrochemically transduced dopamine transients in the striatum that were spatially heterogeneous within at least 200 microm, and (3) following MFB stimulation, dopamine levels and electrophysiological activity within the striatum exhibited similar temporal profiles. These neural probes are capable of incorporating customized microelectrode geometries and configurations, which may be useful for examining specific spatiotemporal relationships between electrical and chemical signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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46
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Robinson DL, Hermans A, Seipel AT, Wightman RM. Monitoring rapid chemical communication in the brain. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2554-84. [PMID: 18576692 PMCID: PMC3110685 DOI: 10.1021/cr068081q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donita L Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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47
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Barbosa RM, Lourenço CF, Santos RM, Pomerleau F, Huettl P, Gerhardt GA, Laranjinha J. In Vivo Real‐Time Measurement of Nitric Oxide in Anesthetized Rat Brain. Methods Enzymol 2008; 441:351-67. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)01220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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49
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50
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Amiri M, Shahrokhian S, Marken F. Ultrathin Carbon Nanoparticle Composite Film Electrodes: Distinguishing Dopamine and Ascorbate. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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