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Bamogo P, Tiendrébéogo F, Brugidou C, Sérémé D, Djigma FW, Simporé J, Lacombe S. Rice yellow mottle virus is a suitable amplicon vector for an efficient production of an anti-leishmianiasis vaccine in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:21. [PMID: 38658899 PMCID: PMC11044499 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 2000's, plants have been used as bioreactors for the transient production of molecules of interest such as vaccines. To improve protein yield, "amplicon" vectors based on plant viruses are used. These viral constructs, engineered to carry the gene of interest replicate strongly once introduced into the plant cell, allowing significant accumulation of the protein. Here, we evaluated the suitability of the monocot-infecting RNA virus Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) as an amplicon vector. The promastigote surface antigen (PSA) of the protozoan Leishmania was considered as a protein of interest due to its vaccine properties against canine leishmaniasis. RESULTS Since P1 (ORF1) and CP (ORF3) proteins are not strictly necessary for viral replication, ORF1 was deleted and the PSA gene was substituted to ORF3 in the RYMV-based vector. We evaluated its expression in the best described plant bioreactor system, Nicotiana benthamiana which, unlike rice, allows transient transformation by Agrobacterium. Despite not being its natural host, we demonstrated a low level of RYMV-based vector replication in N. benthamiana leaves. Under optimized ratio, we showed that the P19 silencing suppressor in combination with the missing viral CP ORF significantly enhanced RYMV amplicon replication in N. benthamiana. Under these optimized CP/P19 conditions, we showed that the RYMV amplicon replicated autonomously in the infiltrated N. benthamiana cells, but was unable to move out of the infiltrated zones. Finally, we showed that when the RYMV amplicon was expressed under the optimized conditions we set up, it allowed enhanced PSA protein accumulation in N. benthamiana compared to the PSA coding sequence driven by the 35S promoter without amplicon background. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that a non-dicot-infecting virus can be used as an amplicon vector for the efficient production of proteins of interest such as PSA in N. benthamiana leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pka Bamogo
- Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), LMI Patho-Bios Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
- Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Centre de recherche biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
- PHIM Plant Health Institute Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - F Tiendrébéogo
- Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), LMI Patho-Bios Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - C Brugidou
- Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Centre de recherche biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- PHIM Plant Health Institute Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - D Sérémé
- Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), LMI Patho-Bios Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - F W Djigma
- Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Centre de recherche biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - J Simporé
- Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Centre de recherche biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - S Lacombe
- Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Centre de recherche biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- PHIM Plant Health Institute Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Nayaka SN, Jailani AAK, Ghosh A, Roy A, Mandal B. Delivery of progeny virus from the infectious clone of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus and quantification of the viral load in different host plants. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:209. [PMID: 37234077 PMCID: PMC10205951 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV, genus Tobamovirus) is a widely occurring tobamovirus in cucurbits. The genome of CGMMV has been used previously for the expression of foreign genes in the plant. High throughput delivery and high viral titer are important requirements of foreign protein expression in plant through virus genome-based vector, in this study, Agrobacterium containing infectious construct of CGMMV was infiltrated through syringe, vacuum and high-speed spray to N. benthamiana, cucumber and bottle gourd leaves. The success rate of systemic infection of CGMMV agro-construct through all three methods was higher (80-100%) in N. benthamiana compared to the cucurbits (40-73.3%). To determine the high-throughput delivery of CGMMV in the plant system, four delivery methods viz. rubbing, syringe infiltration, vacuum infiltration and high-speed spray using the progeny virus derived through CGMMV agro-construct were compared in the three different plant species. Based on the rate of systemic infection and time required to perform delivery by different methods, vacuum infiltration was found most efficient for the high-throughput delivery of CGMMV. The quantification of CGMMV through qPCR revealed that CGMMV load varied considerably in leaf and fruit tissues depending with the time of infection. Immediately after expression of symptoms, a high load of CGMMV (~ 1 µg/100 mg of tissues) was noticed in young leaves of N. benthamiana and cucumber. In bottle gourd leaves, the CGMMV load was far low compared to N. benthamiana and cucumber plants. In the fruit tissues of cucumber and bottle gourd higher virus load was observed in mature fruit but not in immature fruit. The findings of the present study will serve as an important base line information to produce foreign protein through CGMMV genome-vector. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03630-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Naveen Nayaka
- Division of Plant Pathology, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Abdul Kader Jailani
- Division of Plant Pathology, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amalendu Ghosh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Division of Plant Pathology, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Division of Plant Pathology, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Wang D, Cui L, Zhang L, Ma Z, Niu Y. Complete Genome Sequencing and Infectious cDNA Clone Construction of Soybean Mosaic Virus Isolated from Shanxi. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:162-172. [PMID: 33866758 PMCID: PMC8053849 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2020.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the predominant viral pathogen that affects the yield and quality of soybean. The natural host range for SMV is very narrow, and generally limited to Leguminosae. However, we found that SMV can naturally infect Pinellia ternata and Atractylodes macrocephala. In order to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the crossfamily infection of SMV, we used double-stranded RNA extraction, rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction and Gibson assembly techniques to carry out SMV full-length genome amplification from susceptible soybeans and constructed an infectious cDNA clone for SMV. The genome of the SMV Shanxi isolate (SMV-SX) consists of 9,587 nt and encodes a polyprotein consisting of 3,067 aa. SMV-SX and SMV-XFQ008 had the highest nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of 97.03% and 98.50%, respectively. A phylogenetic tree indicated that SMV-SX and SMV-XFQ018 were clustered together, sharing the closest relationship. We then constructed a pSMV-SX infectious cDNA clone by Gibson assembly technology and used this clone to inoculate soybean and Ailanthus altissima; the symptoms of these hosts were similar to those caused by the virus isolated from natural infected plant tissue. This method of construction not only makes up for the time-consuming and laborious defect of traditional methods used to construct infectious cDNA clones, but also avoids the toxicity of the Potyvirus special sequence to Escherichia coli, thus providing a useful cloning strategy for the construction of infectious cDNA clones for other viruses and laying down a foundation for the further investigation of SMV cross-family infection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801,
China
| | - Liyan Cui
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801,
China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801,
China
| | - Zhennan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801,
China
| | - Yanbing Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801,
China
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Aljabali AA, Obeid MA. Inorganic-organic Nanomaterials for Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2210681209666190807145229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Surface modification of nanoparticles with targeting moieties can be
achieved through bioconjugation chemistries to impart new Functionalities. Various polymeric
nanoparticles have been used for the formulation of nanoparticles such as naturally-occurring
protein cages, virus-like particles, polymeric saccharides, and liposomes. These polymers have
been proven to be biocompatible, side effects free and degradable with no toxicity.
Objectives::
This paper reviews available literature on the nanoparticles pharmaceutical and medical
applications. The review highlights and updates the customized solutions for selective drug
delivery systems that allow high-affinity binding between nanoparticles and the target receptors.
Methods::
Bibliographic databases and web-search engines were used to retrieve studies that assessed
the usability of nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Data were extracted
on each system in vivo and in vitro applications, its advantages and disadvantages, and its ability to
be chemically and genetically modified to impart new functionalities. Finally, a comparison
between naturally occurring and their synthetic counterparts was carried out.
Results::
The results showed that nanoparticles-based systems could have promising applications in
diagnostics, cell labeling, contrast agents (Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography),
antimicrobial agents, and as drug delivery systems. However, precautions should be taken
to avoid or minimize toxic effect or incompatibility of nanoparticles-based systems with the biological
systems in case of pharmaceutical or medical applications.
Conclusion::
This review presented a summary of recent developments in the field of pharmaceutical
nanotechnology and highlighted the challenges and the merits that some of the nanoparticles-
based systems both in vivo and in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A.A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
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Shukla S, Wang C, Beiss V, Cai H, Washington T, Murray AA, Gong X, Zhao Z, Masarapu H, Zlotnick A, Fiering S, Steinmetz NF. The unique potency of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in situ cancer vaccine. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5489-5503. [PMID: 32914796 PMCID: PMC8086234 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment enables cancer to resist immunotherapies. We have established that intratumoral administration of plant-derived Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles as an in situ vaccine overcomes the local immunosuppression and stimulates a potent anti-tumor response in several mouse cancer models and canine patients. CPMV does not infect mammalian cells but acts as a danger signal that leads to the recruitment and activation of innate and subsequently, adaptive immune cells. In the present study we addressed whether other icosahedral viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs) of plant, bacteriophage and mammalian origin can be similarly employed as intratumoral immunotherapy. Our results indicate that CPMV in situ vaccine outperforms Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), Physalis mosaic virus (PhMV), Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV), bacteriophage Qβ VLPs, or Hepatitis B virus capsids (HBVc). Furthermore, ex vivo and in vitro assays reveal unique features of CPMV that makes it an inherently stronger immune stimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Torus Washington
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Abner A Murray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xingjian Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhongchao Zhao
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Hema Masarapu
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India
| | - Adam Zlotnick
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA and Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA and Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA and Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
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6
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Bamogo PKA, Brugidou C, Sérémé D, Tiendrébéogo F, Djigma FW, Simpore J, Lacombe S. Virus-based pharmaceutical production in plants: an opportunity to reduce health problems in Africa. Virol J 2019; 16:167. [PMID: 31888686 PMCID: PMC6937724 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing African countries face health problems that they struggle to solve. The major causes of this situation are high therapeutic and logistical costs. Plant-made therapeutics are easy to produce due to the lack of the safety considerations associated with traditional fermenter-based expression platforms, such as mammalian cells. Plant biosystems are easy to scale up and inexpensive, and they do not require refrigeration or a sophisticated medical infrastructure. These advantages provide an opportunity for plant-made pharmaceuticals to counteract diseases for which medicines were previously inaccessible to people in countries with few resources. MAIN BODY The techniques needed for plant-based therapeutic production are currently available. Viral expression vectors based on plant viruses have greatly enhanced plant-made therapeutic production and have been exploited to produce a variety of proteins of industrial, pharmaceutical and agribusiness interest. Some neglected tropical diseases occurring exclusively in the developing world have found solutions through plant bioreactor technology. Plant viral expression vectors have been reported in the production of therapeutics against these diseases occurring exclusively in the third world, and some virus-derived antigens produced in plants exhibit appropriate antigenicity and immunogenicity. However, all advances in the use of plants as bioreactors have been made by companies in Europe and America. The developing world is still far from acquiring this technology, although plant viral expression vectors may provide crucial help to overcome neglected diseases. CONCLUSION Today, interest in these tools is rising, and viral amplicons made in and for Africa are in progress. This review describes the biotechnological advances in the field of plant bioreactors, highlights factors restricting access to this technology by those who need it most and proposes a solution to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingdwende Kader Aziz Bamogo
- Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/LMI Patho-Bios, 01BP476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, BP, 364, Burkina Faso
| | - Christophe Brugidou
- Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/LMI Patho-Bios, 01BP476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Drissa Sérémé
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/LMI Patho-Bios, 01BP476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Fidèle Tiendrébéogo
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/LMI Patho-Bios, 01BP476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, BP, 364, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, BP, 364, Burkina Faso
| | - Séverine Lacombe
- Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)/LMI Patho-Bios, 01BP476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
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Liu L, Xie K, Tsekpuia AR, Peng B, Liu M, Gu Q. Construction and biological characterization of an Agrobacterium-mediated infectious cDNA of squash mosaic virus. Virus Res 2019; 274:197766. [PMID: 31560966 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), a member of the species Squash mosaic virus in the genus Comovirus (family Comoviridae), is an important seed-borne virus that causes serious economic losses in cucurbit crops. Here, we constructed infectious cDNA clones of SqMV genomic RNAs (RNA1 and RNA2) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter by Gibson assembly. The infectious cDNA clones of SqMV could infect zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) plants systemically by agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. The virus progeny from the infectious clones showed no difference from the wild type in terms of pathogenicity and symptom induction. It could be mechanically transmitted to zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and muskmelon (Cucumis melo) but not watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) or Nicotiana benthamiana. This is the first report of construction of a SqMV infection clone and will facilitate the investigation of viral pathogenesis and host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Kunlun Xie
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Abra Rosaline Tsekpuia
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Qinsheng Gu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China.
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Zhang YL, Zhang CL, Wang GL, Wang YX, Qi CH, Zhao Q, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. The R2R3 MYB transcription factor MdMYB30 modulates plant resistance against pathogens by regulating cuticular wax biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:362. [PMID: 31426743 PMCID: PMC6700842 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MYB transcription factor family is one of the largest transcriptional factor families in plants and plays a multifaceted role in plant growth and development. However, MYB transcription factors involved in pathogen resistance in apple remain poorly understood. RESULTS We identified a new MYB family member from apple, and named it MdMYB30. MdMYB30 was localized to the nucleus, and was highly expressed in young apple leaves. Transcription of MdMYB30 was induced by abiotic stressors, such as polyethylene glycol and abscisic acid. Scanning electron microscopy and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that ectopically expressing MdMYB30 in Arabidopsis changed the wax content, the number of wax crystals, and the transcription of wax-related genes. MdMYB30 bound to the MdKCS1 promoter to activate its expression and regulate wax biosynthesis. MdMYB30 also contributed to plant surface properties and increased resistance to the bacterial strain Pst DC3000. Furthermore, a virus-based transformation in apple fruits and transgenic apple calli demonstrated that MdMYB30 increased resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea. Our findings suggest that MdMYB30 plays a vital role in the accumulation of cuticular wax and enhances disease resistance in apple. CONCLUSIONS MdMYB30 bound to the MdKCS1 gene promoter to activate its transcription and regulate cuticular wax content and composition, which influenced the surface properties and expression of pathogenesis-related genes to resistance against pathogens. MdMYB30 appears to be a crucial element in the formation of the plant cuticle and confers apple with a tolerance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yong-Xu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Chen-Hui Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018 Shandong China
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Zhang YL, Zhang CL, Wang GL, Wang YX, Qi CH, Zhao Q, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. The R2R3 MYB transcription factor MdMYB30 modulates plant resistance against pathogens by regulating cuticular wax biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31426743 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1918-1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MYB transcription factor family is one of the largest transcriptional factor families in plants and plays a multifaceted role in plant growth and development. However, MYB transcription factors involved in pathogen resistance in apple remain poorly understood. RESULTS We identified a new MYB family member from apple, and named it MdMYB30. MdMYB30 was localized to the nucleus, and was highly expressed in young apple leaves. Transcription of MdMYB30 was induced by abiotic stressors, such as polyethylene glycol and abscisic acid. Scanning electron microscopy and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that ectopically expressing MdMYB30 in Arabidopsis changed the wax content, the number of wax crystals, and the transcription of wax-related genes. MdMYB30 bound to the MdKCS1 promoter to activate its expression and regulate wax biosynthesis. MdMYB30 also contributed to plant surface properties and increased resistance to the bacterial strain Pst DC3000. Furthermore, a virus-based transformation in apple fruits and transgenic apple calli demonstrated that MdMYB30 increased resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea. Our findings suggest that MdMYB30 plays a vital role in the accumulation of cuticular wax and enhances disease resistance in apple. CONCLUSIONS MdMYB30 bound to the MdKCS1 gene promoter to activate its transcription and regulate cuticular wax content and composition, which influenced the surface properties and expression of pathogenesis-related genes to resistance against pathogens. MdMYB30 appears to be a crucial element in the formation of the plant cuticle and confers apple with a tolerance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yong-Xu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chen-Hui Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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10
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Meshcheriakova Y, Lomonossoff GP. Amino acids at the exposed C-terminus of the S coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus play different roles in particle formation and viral systemic movement. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:1165-1170. [PMID: 31169482 PMCID: PMC7414441 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The icosahedral capsid of cowpea mosaic virus is formed by 60 copies of the large (L) and small (S) coat protein subunits. The 24-amino-acid C-terminal peptide of the S coat protein can undergo proteolytic cleavage without affecting particle stability or infectivity. Mutagenic studies have shown that this sequence is involved in particle assembly, virus movement, RNA encapsidation and suppression of gene silencing. However, it is unclear how these processes are related, and which part(s) of the sequence are involved in each process. Here, we have analysed the effect of mutations in the C-terminal region of the S protein on the assembly of empty virus-like particles and on the systemic movement of infectious virus. The results confirmed the importance of positively charged amino acids adjacent to the cleavage site for particle assembly and revealed that the C-terminal 11 amino acids are important for efficient systemic movement of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Meshcheriakova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - George P. Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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11
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Pasin F, Menzel W, Daròs J. Harnessed viruses in the age of metagenomics and synthetic biology: an update on infectious clone assembly and biotechnologies of plant viruses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1010-1026. [PMID: 30677208 PMCID: PMC6523588 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent metagenomic studies have provided an unprecedented wealth of data, which are revolutionizing our understanding of virus diversity. A redrawn landscape highlights viruses as active players in the phytobiome, and surveys have uncovered their positive roles in environmental stress tolerance of plants. Viral infectious clones are key tools for functional characterization of known and newly identified viruses. Knowledge of viruses and their components has been instrumental for the development of modern plant molecular biology and biotechnology. In this review, we provide extensive guidelines built on current synthetic biology advances that streamline infectious clone assembly, thus lessening a major technical constraint of plant virology. The focus is on generation of infectious clones in binary T-DNA vectors, which are delivered efficiently to plants by Agrobacterium. We then summarize recent applications of plant viruses and explore emerging trends in microbiology, bacterial and human virology that, once translated to plant virology, could lead to the development of virus-based gene therapies for ad hoc engineering of plant traits. The systematic characterization of plant virus roles in the phytobiome and next-generation virus-based tools will be indispensable landmarks in the synthetic biology roadmap to better crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pasin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wulf Menzel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ‐German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesBraunschweigGermany
| | - José‐Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐Universitat Politècnica de València)ValenciaSpain
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12
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Ruiz-Ramón F, Sempere RN, Méndez-López E, Sánchez-Pina MA, Aranda MA. Second generation of pepino mosaic virus vectors: improved stability in tomato and a wide range of reporter genes. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:58. [PMID: 31149024 PMCID: PMC6537163 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vectors based on plant viruses are important tools for functional genomics, cellular biology, plant genome engineering and molecular farming. We previously reported on the construction of PepGFP2a, a viral vector based on pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) which expressed GFP efficiently and stably in plants of its experimental host Nicotiana benthamiana, but not in its natural host tomato. We have prepared a new set of PepMV-based vectors with improved stability that are able to express a wide range of reporter genes, useful for both N. benthamiana and tomato. RESULTS We first tested PepGFPm1 and PepGFPm2, two variants of PepGFP2a in which we progressively reduced a duplication of nucleotides encoding the N-terminal region of the coat protein. The new vectors had improved GFP expression levels and stability in N. benthamiana but not in tomato plants. Next, we replaced GFP by DsRed or mCherry in the new vectors PepDsRed and PepmCherry, respectively; while PepmCherry behaved similarly to PepGFPm2, PepDsRed expressed the reporter gene efficiently also in tomato plants. We then used PepGFPm2 and PepDsRed to study the PepMV localization in both N. benthamiana and tomato cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we observed characteristic fluorescent bodies in PepMV-infected cells; these bodies had a cytoplasmic localization and appeared in close proximity to the cell nucleus. Already at 3 days post-agroinoculation there were fluorescent bodies in almost every cell of agroinoculated tissues of both hosts, and always one body per cell. When markers for the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus were co-expressed with PepGFPm2 or PepDsRed, a reorganisation of these organelles was observed, with images suggesting that both are intimately related but not the main constituents of the PepMV bodies. Altogether, this set of data suggested that the PepMV bodies are similar to the potato virus X (PVX) "X-bodies", which have been described as the PVX viral replication complexes (VRCs). To complete the set of PepMV-based vectors, we constructed a vector expressing the BAR herbicide resistance gene, useful for massive susceptibility screenings. CONCLUSIONS We have significantly expanded the PepMV tool box by producing a set of new vectors with improved stability and efficiency in both N. benthamiana and tomato plants. By using two of these vectors, we have described characteristic cellular bodies induced by PepMV infection; these bodies are likely the PepMV VRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ruiz-Ramón
- Present Address: R + D+I Department, Abiopep S.L., Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Méndez-López
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Amelia Sánchez-Pina
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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13
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Affimer reagents as tools in diagnosing plant virus diseases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7524. [PMID: 31101847 PMCID: PMC6525157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses can cause devastating losses to agriculture and are therefore a major threat to food security. The rapid identification of virally-infected crops allowing containment is essential to limit such threats, but plant viral diseases can be extremely challenging to diagnose. An ideal method for plant virus diagnosis would be a device which can be implemented easily in the field. Such devices require a binding reagent that is specific for the virus of interest. We chose to investigate the use of Affimer reagents, artificial binding proteins and a model plant virus Cowpea Mosaic virus (CPMV) empty virus like particles (eVLPs). CPMV-eVLP mimic the morphology of wild-type (WT) CPMV but lack any infectious genomic material and so do not have biocontainment issues. We have produced and purified an Affimer reagent selected for its ability to bind to CPMV-eVLP and have shown that the selected Affimer also specifically binds to WT CPMV. We have produced a 3.4 Å structure of WT CPMV bound to the Affimer using cryo-electron microscopy. Finally, we have shown that this Affimer is capable of reliably detecting the virus in crude extracts of CPMV-infected leaves and can therefore form the basis for the future development of diagnostic tests.
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14
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Beatty PH, Lewis JD. Cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:130-144. [PMID: 31004625 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle platforms are particularly attractive for theranostic applications due to their capacity for multifunctionality and multivalency. Some of the most promising nano-scale scaffold systems have been co-opted from nature including plant viruses such as cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). The use of plant viruses like CPMV as viral nanoparticles is advantageous for many reasons; they are non-infectious and nontoxic to humans and safe for use in intravital imaging and drug delivery. The CPMV capsid icosahedral shape allows for enhanced multifunctional group display and the ability to carry specific cargoes. The native tropism of CPMV for cell-surface displayed vimentin and the enhanced permeability and retention effect allow them to preferentially extravasate from tumor neovasculature and efficiently penetrate tumors. Furthermore, CPMVs can be engineered via several straightforward chemistries to display targeting and imaging moieties on external, addressable residues and they can be loaded internally with therapeutic drug cargoes. These qualities make them highly effective as biocompatible platforms for tumor targeting, intravital imaging and cancer therapy.
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15
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Sandra N, Jailani AAK, Jain RK, Mandal B. Development of Soybean Yellow Mottle Mosaic Virus-Based Expression Vector for Heterologous Protein Expression in French Bean. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:181-190. [PMID: 30600448 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant virus-based vectors provide attractive and valuable tools for rapid production of recombinant protein in large quantities as they produce systemic infections in differentiated plant tissues. In the present study, we engineered the Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV) as a gene expression vector which is a promising candidate for systemic expression of foreign proteins in French bean plants. Full virus vector strategy was exploited for insertion of foreign gene by inserting MCS through PCR in the circular pJET-SYMMV clone. To examine the ability of the SYMMV vector system, GFP gene was cloned after the start codon of coat protein (CP) so that its expression was driven by the SYMMV-CP subgenomic promoter. When in vitro run off SYMMV-GFP transcript was mechanically inoculated to French bean leaves, good level of GFP expression was observed through confocal microscopy up to 40 dpi. Expression of heterologous protein was also confirmed through ISEM, DAC-ELISA and RT-PCR with specific primers at 20 dpi. The recombinant SYMMV construct was stable in in vitro runoff transcript inoculated plants but the inserted GFP was lost in progeny virion inoculated plants. The system developed here will be useful for further studies of SYMMV gene functions and exploitation of SYMMV as a gene expression vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamani Sandra
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - A Abdul Kader Jailani
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jain
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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16
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Berardi A, Baldelli Bombelli F, Thuenemann EC, Lomonossoff GP. Viral nanoparticles can elude protein barriers: exploiting rather than imitating nature. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2306-2316. [PMID: 30662985 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein-corona formation in body fluids and/or entrapment of nanoparticles in protein matrices (e.g. food and mucus) can hinder the delivery of nanoparticles, irrespective of the route of administration. Here we demonstrate that certain viral nanoparticles (VNPs) can evade the adhesion of a broad panel of macromolecules from several biological milieus. We also show that the permeability of VNPs through mucin gels is far superior to that of synthetic nanoparticles. The non-sticky nature of VNPs implies that they will be able to readily cross most non-specific protein and glycoprotein barriers encountered, ubiquitously, upon administration through mucosal, and non-mucosal routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan.
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17
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Kruse I, Peyret H, Saxena P, Lomonossoff GP. Encapsidation of Viral RNA in Picornavirales: Studies on Cowpea Mosaic Virus Demonstrate Dependence on Viral Replication. J Virol 2019; 93:e01520-18. [PMID: 30355698 PMCID: PMC6321914 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01520-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the linkage between replication and encapsidation in Picornavirales, we have taken advantage of the bipartite nature of a plant-infecting member of this order, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), to decouple the two processes. RNA-free virus-like particles (empty virus-like particles [eVLPs]) can be generated by transiently coexpressing the RNA-2-encoded coat protein precursor (VP60) with the RNA-1-encoded 24,000-molecular-weight (24K) protease, in the absence of the replication machinery (K. Saunders, F. Sainsbury, and G. P. Lomonossoff, Virology 393:329-337, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.023). We have made use of the ability to produce assembled capsids of CPMV in the absence of replication to examine the putative linkage between RNA replication and packaging in the Picornavirales We have created a series of mutant RNA-1 and RNA-2 molecules and have assessed the effects of the mutations on both the replication and packaging of the viral RNAs. We demonstrate that mutations that affect replication have a concomitant impact on encapsidation and that RNA-1-mediated replication is required for encapsidation of both RNA-1 and RNA-2. This close coupling between replication and encapsidation provides a means for the specific packaging of viral RNAs. Moreover, we demonstrate that this feature of CPMV can be used to specifically encapsidate custom RNA by placing a sequence of choice between the RNA-2 sequences required for replication.IMPORTANCE The mechanism whereby members of the order Picornavirales specifically package their genomic RNAs is poorly understood. Research with monopartite members of the order, such as poliovirus, indicated that packaging is linked to replication, although the presence of "packaging signals" along the length of the viral RNA has also been suggested. Thanks to the bipartite nature of the CPMV genome, which allows the manipulation of RNA-1 without modifying RNA-2, we show here that this specificity is due to a functional link between the two processes of viral replication and encapsidation. This has important implications for our understanding of the fundamental molecular biology of Picornavirales and opens the door to novel research and therapeutic applications in the field of custom RNA packaging and delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Saxena
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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18
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Berardi A, Evans DJ, Baldelli Bombelli F, Lomonossoff GP. Stability of plant virus-based nanocarriers in gastrointestinal fluids. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1667-1679. [PMID: 29231944 PMCID: PMC5804478 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant virus which is being extensively investigated as a drug delivery and vaccine nanocarrier for parenteral administration. However, to date little is known about the suitability of plant-based nanocarriers for oral delivery. In this study, the colloidal (i.e. aggregation), physical (i.e. denaturation) and chemical (i.e. digestion of the polypeptides) stability of CPMV and its empty virus-like particles (eVLPs) in conditions resembling the gastrointestinal fluids were evaluated. The nanoparticles were incubated in various simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and in pig gastric and intestinal fluids. CPMV and eVLPs had similar stabilities. In simulated gastric media, they were stable at pH ≥ 2.5. At lower pH destabilisation of the particle structure occurred, which, in turn, rendered the polypeptides extremely sensitive to pepsin digestion. However, both CPMV and eVLPs were stable in simulated intestinal fluids, in pig gastric fluids and in pig intestinal fluids. Thus CPMV, despite being a protein-based nanoparticle, was much more resistant to the harsh GI conditions than soluble proteins. Remarkably, both CPMV and eVLPs incubated in pig gastric and intestinal fluids were not subject to protein adsorption, with no formation of a detectable protein corona. The lack of a protein corona on CPMV and eVLP surfaces in GI fluids would imply that, if orally administered, these nanoparticles could maintain their native surface characteristics; thus, their biological interactions would remain predictable and unchanged. In summary, CPMV and eVLPs can be considered promising nanocarriers for applications requiring oral delivery, given their chemical, physical and colloidal stability and lack of protein adsorption from the environment in most of the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan. and Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David J Evans
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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19
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Hesketh EL, Meshcheriakova Y, Thompson RF, Lomonossoff GP, Ranson NA. The structures of a naturally empty cowpea mosaic virus particle and its genome-containing counterpart by cryo-electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:539. [PMID: 28373698 PMCID: PMC5428714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a picorna-like plant virus. As well as an intrinsic interest in CPMV as a plant pathogen, CPMV is of major interest in biotechnology applications such as nanotechnology. Here, we report high resolution cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps of wild type CPMV containing RNA-2, and of naturally-formed empty CPMV capsids. The resolution of these structures is sufficient to visualise large amino acids. We have refined an atomic model for each map and identified an essential amino acid involved in genome encapsidation. This work has furthered our knowledge of Picornavirales genome encapsidation and will assist further work in the development of CPMV as a biotechnological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Hesketh
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Yulia Meshcheriakova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Rebecca F Thompson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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20
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Saunders K, Lomonossoff GP. In Planta Synthesis of Designer-Length Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Based Nano-Rods That Can Be Used to Fabricate Nano-Wires. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1335. [PMID: 28878782 PMCID: PMC5572394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have utilized plant-based transient expression to produce tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based nano-rods of predetermined lengths. This is achieved by expressing RNAs containing the TMV origin of assembly sequence (OAS) and the sequence of the TMV coat protein either on the same RNA molecule or on two separate constructs. We show that the length of the resulting nano-rods is dependent upon the length of the RNA that possesses the OAS element. By expressing a version of the TMV coat protein that incorporates a metal-binding peptide at its C-terminus in the presence of RNA containing the OAS we have been able to produce nano-rods of predetermined length that are coated with cobalt-platinum. These nano-rods have the properties of defined-length nano-wires that make them ideal for many developing bionanotechnological processes.
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21
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Mechanisms of assembly and genome packaging in an RNA virus revealed by high-resolution cryo-EM. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10113. [PMID: 26657148 PMCID: PMC4682053 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus is a plant-infecting member of the Picornavirales and is of major interest in the development of biotechnology applications. Despite the availability of >100 crystal structures of Picornavirales capsids, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of capsid assembly and genome encapsidation. Here we have determined cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions for the wild-type virus and an empty virus-like particle, to 3.4 Å and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively, and built de novo atomic models of their capsids. These new structures reveal the C-terminal region of the small coat protein subunit, which is essential for virus assembly and which was missing from previously determined crystal structures, as well as residues that bind to the viral genome. These observations allow us to develop a new model for genome encapsidation and capsid assembly. Little is known about how the plant-infecting cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)—an invaluable tool in several biotechnology applications—packages its single-strand RNA genome into the capsid. Here the authors present two high-resolution cryo-EM structures of CPMV and a new model for RNA recognition and capsid assembly.
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22
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Zheng H, Xiao C, Han K, Peng J, Lin L, Lu Y, Xie L, Wu X, Xu P, Li G, Chen J, Yan F. Development of an agroinoculation system for full-length and GFP-tagged cDNA clones of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2867-72. [PMID: 26323263 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The complete 6243-nucleotide sequence of a cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) isolate from bottle gourd in Zhejiang province, China, was determined. A full-length cDNA clone of this isolate was constructed by inserting the cDNA between the 35S promoter and the ribozyme in the binary plasmid pCB301-CH. A suspension of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 clone carrying this construct was highly infectious in Nicotiana benthamiana and bottle gourd. Another infectious clone containing the green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene was also successfully constructed. This study is the first report of the efficient use of agroinoculation for generating CGMMV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zheng
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Caili Xiao
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Kelei Han
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Pei Xu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Guojing Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Peyret H, Lomonossoff GP. When plant virology met Agrobacterium: the rise of the deconstructed clones. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1121-35. [PMID: 26073158 PMCID: PMC4744784 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the early days of molecular farming, Agrobacterium-mediated stable genetic transformation and the use of plant virus-based vectors were considered separate and competing technologies with complementary strengths and weaknesses. The demonstration that 'agroinfection' was the most efficient way of delivering virus-based vectors to their target plants blurred the distinction between the two technologies and permitted the development of 'deconstructed' vectors based on a number of plant viruses. The tobamoviruses, potexviruses, tobraviruses, geminiviruses and comoviruses have all been shown to be particularly well suited to the development of such vectors in dicotyledonous plants, while the development of equivalent vectors for use in monocotyledonous plants has lagged behind. Deconstructed viral vectors have proved extremely effective at the rapid, high-level production of a number of pharmaceutical proteins, some of which are currently undergoing clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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24
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Hashimoto M, Komatsu K, Iwai R, Keima T, Maejima K, Shiraishi T, Ishikawa K, Yoshida T, Kitazawa Y, Okano Y, Yamaji Y, Namba S. Cell Death Triggered by a Putative Amphipathic Helix of Radish mosaic virus Helicase Protein Is Tightly Correlated With Host Membrane Modification. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:675-88. [PMID: 25650831 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-15-0004-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic necrosis is one of the most severe symptoms caused by plant RNA viruses. Recently, systemic necrosis has been suggested to have similar features to a defense response referred to as the hypersensitive response (HR), a form of programmed cell death. In virus-infected plant cells, host intracellular membrane structures are changed dramatically for more efficient viral replication. However, little is known about whether this replication-associated membrane modification is the cause of the symptoms. In this study, we identified an amino-terminal amphipathic helix of the helicase encoded by Radish mosaic virus (RaMV) (genus Comovirus) as an elicitor of cell death in RaMV-infected plants. Cell death caused by the amphipathic helix had features similar to HR, such as SGT1-dependence. Mutational analyses and inhibitor assays using cerulenin demonstrated that the amphipathic helix-induced cell death was tightly correlated with dramatic alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane structures. Furthermore, the cell death-inducing activity of the amphipathic helix was conserved in Cowpea mosaic virus (genus Comovirus) and Tobacco ringspot virus (genus Nepovirus), both of which are classified in the family Secoviridae. Together, these results indicate that ER membrane modification associated with viral intracellular replication may be recognized to prime defense responses against plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Hashimoto
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken Komatsu
- 2 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwai
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Keima
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kensaku Maejima
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiraishi
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishikawa
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yugo Kitazawa
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yukari Okano
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigetou Namba
- 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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25
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Plant virus directed fabrication of nanoscale materials and devices. Virology 2015; 479-480:200-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Shen WX, Au PCK, Shi BJ, Smith NA, Dennis ES, Guo HS, Zhou CY, Wang MB. Satellite RNAs interfere with the function of viral RNA silencing suppressors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:281. [PMID: 25964791 PMCID: PMC4408847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are small subviral RNAs and depend on the helper virus for replication and spread. satRNAs can attenuate helper virus-induced symptoms, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Here, we show that two virus-encoded suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b and Tombusvirus P19, suppress hairpin RNA (hpRNA)-induced silencing of a β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in Nicotiana benthamiana. This suppression can be overcome by CMV Y-satellite RNA (Y-Sat) via the Y-Sat-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which bind to the VSRs and displace the bound hpGUS-derived siRNAs. We also show that microRNA target gene expression in N. tabacum was elevated by CMV infection, presumably due to function of the 2b VSR, but this upregulation of microRNA target genes was reversed in the presence of Y-Sat. These results suggest that satRNA infection minimizes the effect of VSRs on host siRNA and microRNA-directed silencing. Our results suggest that the high abundance of satRNA-derived siRNAs contributes to symptom attenuation by binding helper virus-encoded VSRs, minimizing the capacity of the VSRs to bind host siRNA and miRNA and interfere with their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xia Shen
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant IndustryCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Phil Chi Khang Au
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant IndustryCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bu-Jun Shi
- Department of Plant Science, Waite Institute, Adelaide UniversityGlen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Neil A. Smith
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant IndustryCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S. Dennis
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant IndustryCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chang-Yong Zhou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Ming-Bo Wang
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant IndustryCanberra, ACT, Australia
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27
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Madi M, Mioulet V, King DP, Lomonossoff GP, Montague NP. Development of a non-infectious encapsidated positive control RNA for molecular assays to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol Methods 2015; 220:27-34. [PMID: 25864934 PMCID: PMC4451496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
FMDV is highly infectious and can only be handled in high-containment laboratories. This study has developed encapsidated control particles containing FMDV RNA. The construct contains target sequences for molecular assays used to detect FMDV. These control particles were evaluated using routine tests used for FMD diagnosis. These particles are non-infectious and temperature-stable.
Positive controls are an important component of the quality-control of molecular tests used for diagnosis of livestock diseases. For high consequence agents such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), the positive controls required to monitor template extraction, reverse transcription and amplification steps usually consist of material derived from infectious viruses. Therefore, their production is dependent upon the use of high containment facilities and their deployment carries the risks associated with inactivation of “live” FMDV. This paper describes the development of a novel non-infectious positive control that encodes FMDV RNA sequences that are encapsidated within Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) particles. This surrogate RNA has been engineered to contain sequences from the 5′UTR and 3D regions of FMDV targeted by many molecular assays (conventional RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR and RT-LAMP). These sequences were inserted into a movement-deficient version of CPMV RNA-2 which is rescued from cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculota) by inoculation with RNA-1. In order to evaluate the performance of these encapsidated RNAs, nucleic acid prepared from a 10-fold dilution series was tested using a range of molecular assays. Results generated by using the molecular assays confirmed RNA-dependent amplification and the suitability of these particles for use in a range of diagnostic tests. Moreover, these CPMV particles were highly stable for periods of up to 46 days at room temperature and 37 °C. Recombinant CPMV can be used to produce high yields of encapsidated RNAs that can be used as positive and negative controls and standards in molecular assays. This approach provides a surrogate that can be potentially used outside of containment laboratories as an alternative to inactivated infectious virus for molecular diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikidache Madi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Valerie Mioulet
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicholas P Montague
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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28
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Meshcheriakova YA, Saxena P, Lomonossoff GP. Fine-tuning levels of heterologous gene expression in plants by orthogonal variation of the untranslated regions of a nonreplicating transient expression system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:718-27. [PMID: 24618146 PMCID: PMC4265252 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A transient expression system based on a deleted version of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) RNA-2, termed CPMV-HT, in which the sequence to be expressed is positioned between a modified 5' UTR and the 3' UTR has been successfully used for the plant-based expression of a wide range of proteins, including heteromultimeric complexes. While previous work has demonstrated that alterations to the sequence of the 5' UTR can dramatically influence expression levels, the role of the 3' UTR in enhancing expression has not been determined. In this work, we have examined the effect of different mutations in the 3'UTR of CPMV RNA-2 on expression levels using the reporter protein GFP encoded by the expression vector, pEAQexpress-HT-GFP. The results showed that the presence of a 3' UTR in the CPMV-HT system is important for achieving maximal expression levels. Removal of the entire 3' UTR reduced expression to approximately 30% of that obtained in its presence. It was found that the Y-shaped secondary structure formed by nucleotides 125-165 of the 3' UTR plays a key role in its function; mutations that disrupt this Y-shaped structure have an effect equivalent to the deletion of the entire 3' UTR. Our results suggest that the Y-shaped secondary structure acts by enhancing mRNA accumulation rather than by having a direct effect on RNA translation. The work described in this paper shows that the 5' and 3' UTRs in CPMV-HT act orthogonally and that mutations introduced into them allow fine modulation of protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Saxena
- † Present address: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA
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29
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Cañizares MC, Lomonossoff GP, Nicholson L. Development of cowpea mosaic virus-based vectors for the production of vaccines in plants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 4:687-97. [PMID: 16221070 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.5.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses are emerging as an attractive alternative to stable genetic transformation for the expression of foreign proteins in plants. The main advantages of using this strategy are that viral genomes are small and easy to manipulate, infection of plants with modified viruses is simpler and quicker than the regeneration of stably transformed plants and the sequence inserted into a virus vector will be highly amplified. One use of these virus expression systems is for vaccine production. Among plant viruses, cowpea mosaic virus makes an ideal candidate for the production of such vaccines because it grows extremely well in host plants, is very stable, and the purification of virus particles, if required, is straightforward. In this article, the authors review the progress made in the development of cowpea mosaic virus-based vectors for vaccine production, making use of two main approaches: epitope presentation and polypeptide expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Cañizares
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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30
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Krokida A, Delis C, Geisler K, Garagounis C, Tsikou D, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Katsarou D, Field B, Osbourn AE, Papadopoulou KK. A metabolic gene cluster in Lotus japonicus discloses novel enzyme functions and products in triterpene biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:675-690. [PMID: 23909862 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genes for triterpene biosynthetic pathways exist as metabolic gene clusters in oat and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We characterized the presence of an analogous gene cluster in the model legume Lotus japonicus. In the genomic regions flanking the oxidosqualene cyclase AMY2 gene, genes for two different classes of cytochrome P450 and a gene predicted to encode a reductase were identified. Functional characterization of the cluster genes was pursued by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The gene expression pattern was studied under different developmental and environmental conditions. The physiological role of the gene cluster in nodulation and plant development was studied in knockdown experiments. A novel triterpene structure, dihydrolupeol, was produced by AMY2. A new plant cytochrome P450, CYP71D353, which catalyses the formation of 20-hydroxybetulinic acid in a sequential three-step oxidation of 20-hydroxylupeol was characterized. The genes within the cluster are highly co-expressed during root and nodule development, in hormone-treated plants and under various environmental stresses. A transcriptional gene silencing mechanism that appears to be involved in the regulation of the cluster genes was also revealed. A tightly co-regulated cluster of functionally related genes is involved in legume triterpene biosynthesis, with a possible role in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrodite Krokida
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aeolou Str., Larisa, 41221, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aeolou Str., Larisa, 41221, Greece
| | - Katrin Geisler
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Constantine Garagounis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aeolou Str., Larisa, 41221, Greece
| | - Daniela Tsikou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aeolou Str., Larisa, 41221, Greece
| | - Luis M Peña-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Dimitra Katsarou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aeolou Str., Larisa, 41221, Greece
| | - Ben Field
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Anne E Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aeolou Str., Larisa, 41221, Greece
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31
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Peyret H, Lomonossoff GP. The pEAQ vector series: the easy and quick way to produce recombinant proteins in plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:51-8. [PMID: 23479085 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pEAQ vectors are a series of plasmids designed to allow easy and quick production of recombinant proteins in plants. Their main feature is the use of the Cowpea Mosaic Virus hypertranslational "CPMV-HT" expression system, which provides high yields of recombinant protein through extremely high translational efficiency without the need for viral replication. Since their creation, the pEAQ vectors have been used to produce a wide variety of proteins in plants. Viral proteins and Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) have been of particular interest, but other types of proteins including active enzymes have also been expressed. While the pEAQ vectors have mostly been used in a transient expression context, through agroinfiltration of leaves, they have also been shown to be suitable for the production of stably transformed lines of both cell cultures and whole plants. This paper looks back on the genesis of the pEAQ vectors and reviews their use so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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32
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Liu D, Shi L, Han C, Yu J, Li D, Zhang Y. Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in virus-infected Nicotiana benthamiana using quantitative real-time PCR. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46451. [PMID: 23029521 PMCID: PMC3460881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotiana benthamiana is the most widely-used experimental host in plant virology. The recent release of the draft genome sequence for N. benthamiana consolidates its role as a model for plant-pathogen interactions. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is commonly employed for quantitative gene expression analysis. For valid qPCR analysis, accurate normalisation of gene expression against an appropriate internal control is required. Yet there has been little systematic investigation of reference gene stability in N. benthamiana under conditions of viral infections. In this study, the expression profiles of 16 commonly used housekeeping genes (GAPDH, 18S, EF1α, SAMD, L23, UK, PP2A, APR, UBI3, SAND, ACT, TUB, GBP, F-BOX, PPR and TIP41) were determined in N. benthamiana and those with acceptable expression levels were further selected for transcript stability analysis by qPCR of complementary DNA prepared from N. benthamiana leaf tissue infected with one of five RNA plant viruses (Tobacco necrosis virus A, Beet black scorch virus, Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, Barley stripe mosaic virus and Potato virus X). Gene stability was analysed in parallel by three commonly-used dedicated algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. Statistical analysis revealed that the PP2A, F-BOX and L23 genes were the most stable overall, and that the combination of these three genes was sufficient for accurate normalisation. In addition, the suitability of PP2A, F-BOX and L23 as reference genes was illustrated by expression-level analysis of AGO2 and RdR6 in virus-infected N. benthamiana leaves. This is the first study to systematically examine and evaluate the stability of different reference genes in N. benthamiana. Our results not only provide researchers studying these viruses a shortlist of potential housekeeping genes to use as normalisers for qPCR experiments, but should also guide the selection of appropriate reference genes for gene expression studies of N. benthamiana under other biotic and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lindan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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33
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Sainsbury F, Saxena P, Geisler K, Osbourn A, Lomonossoff GP. Using a virus-derived system to manipulate plant natural product biosynthetic pathways. Methods Enzymol 2012; 517:185-202. [PMID: 23084939 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404634-4.00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of vectors (the pEAQ series) based on cowpea mosaic virus has been developed which allows the rapid transient expression of high levels of foreign protein in plants without the need for viral replication. The plasmids are small binary vectors, which are introduced into plant leaves by agroinfiltration. They are modular in design and allow the insertion of multiple coding sequences on the same segment of T-DNA. These properties make the pEAQ vectors particularly suitable for use in situations, such as the investigation and manipulation of metabolic pathways, where the coexpression of multiple proteins within a cell is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sainsbury
- Département de Phytologie, Pavillon des Services, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Sainsbury F, Saunders K, Aljabali AAA, Evans DJ, Lomonossoff GP. Peptide-Controlled Access to the Interior Surface of Empty Virus Nanoparticles. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2435-40. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Goulet C, Goulet C, Goulet MC, Michaud D. 2-DE proteome maps for the leaf apoplast of Nicotiana benthamiana. Proteomics 2010; 10:2536-44. [PMID: 20422621 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We provide 2-D gel reference maps for the apoplastic proteome of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated or not with the bacterial gene vector Agrobacterium tumefaciens. About 90 proteins were analyzed by LC-MS/MS for identification and function assignment. We show, overall, an effective response of the plant to agroinfiltration involving a specific, cell wall maintenance-independent up-regulation of defense protein secretion. The proteome maps described should be a useful tool for systemic studies on plant-pathogen interactions or cell wall metabolism. They also should prove useful for the monitoring of secreted recombinant proteins and their possible pleiotropic effects along the cell secretory pathway of N. benthamiana leaves used as an expression platform for clinically useful proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Goulet
- Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Québec QC, Canada
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36
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37
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Sainsbury F, Cañizares MC, Lomonossoff GP. Cowpea mosaic virus: the plant virus-based biotechnology workhorse. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2010; 48:437-55. [PMID: 20455698 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the 50 years since it was first described, Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has become one of the most intensely studied plant viruses. Research in the past 15 to 20 years has shifted from studying the underlying genetics and structure of the virus to focusing on ways in which it can be exploited in biotechnology. This work led first to the use of virus particles to present peptides, then to the creation of a variety of replicating virus vectors and finally to the development of a highly efficient protein expression system that does not require viral replication. The circle has been completed by the use of the latter system to create empty particles for peptide presentation and other novel uses. The history of CPMV in biotechnology can be likened to an Ouroborus, an ancient symbol depicting a snake or dragon swallowing its own tail, thus forming a circle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sainsbury
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH,United Kingdom.
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Saunders K, Sainsbury F, Lomonossoff GP. Efficient generation of cowpea mosaic virus empty virus-like particles by the proteolytic processing of precursors in insect cells and plants. Virology 2009; 393:329-37. [PMID: 19733890 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of formation of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) particles, RNA-2-encoded precursor proteins were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Processing of the 105K and 95K polyproteins in trans to give the mature Large (L) and Small (S) coat proteins required both the 32K proteinase cofactor and the 24K proteinase itself, while processing of VP60, consisting of the fused L-S protein, required only the 24K proteinase. Release of the L and S proteins resulted in the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs), showing that VP60 can act as a precursor of virus capsids. Processing of VP60 expressed in plants also led to efficient production of VLPs. Analysis of the VLPs produced by the action of the 24K proteinase on precursors showed that they were empty (RNA-free). This has important implications for the use of CPMV VLPs in biotechnology and nanotechnology as it will permit the use of noninfectious particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Saunders
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Wang J, Turina M, Stewart LR, Lindbo JA, Falk BW. Agroinoculation of the Crinivirus, Lettuce infectious yellows virus, for systemic plant infection. Virology 2009; 392:131-6. [PMID: 19632699 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) is phloem-limited, non-mechanically transmissible, and is transmitted to plants only by Bemisia tabaci. Here, we developed agroinoculation to deliver LIYV to plants thereby obviating the need for B. tabaci. Agroinfiltration of RNA 1 containing a green fluorescent protein gene into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in subliminal infections, as judged by green fluorescence. Agroinfiltration of LIYV wild-type RNA 1 and 2 constructs resulted in systemic infections in N. benthamiana plants and typical LIYV symptoms. In addition, partially purified LIYV virions from agroinoculated N. benthamiana plants were successfully acquired via membrane-feeding and transmitted to lettuce plants by B. tabaci. Agroinoculation coupled with targeted mutagenesis technologies will greatly enhance LIYV reverse genetics studies to characterize LIYV gene functions in planta for processes such as virus replication, recombination, trafficking, symptom elicitation and virus-vector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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40
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Shah SN, Steinmetz NF, Aljabali AAA, Lomonossoff GP, Evans DJ. Environmentally benign synthesis of virus-templated, monodisperse, iron-platinum nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2009:8479-80. [PMID: 19809720 DOI: 10.1039/b906847c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of an engineered variant of a plant virus, Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), as a template for directed mineralization provides an environmentally benign route to monodisperse iron-platinum nanoparticles of approximately 30 nm diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin N Shah
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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41
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Meshcheryakova YA, Eldarov MA, Migunov AI, Stepanova LA, Repko IA, Kiselev CI, Lomonossoff GP, Skryabin KG. Cowpea mosaic virus chimeric particles bearing the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2E) of the influenza a virus: Production and characterization. Mol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893309040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Abstract
CPMV (cowpea mosaic virus), a plant virus, is a naturally occurring sphere-like nanoparticle, and is used as a synthon and/or template in bionanoscience. The virions formed by CPMV can be regarded as programmable nanobuilding blocks with a diameter of ∼30 nm. A range of molecules have been attached to this viral nanoscaffold, yielding stable nanoparticles that display multiple copies of the desired molecule. It has been shown that, in addition to surface amine groups, surface carboxy groups are also addressable, and a procedure has been developed that enables introduction of reactive thiols at the virion surface that avoids virus aggregation. Furthermore, the virions can be functionalized to form electroactive nanoparticles. Methods for the construction of arrays and multilayers, using a layer-by-layer approach, have been established. As proof of concept, for example, CPMV particles have been immobilized on surfaces and arranged in defined layers. Engineered variants of CPMV can be used as templates for mineralization with, for example, silica to give monodisperse robust silica nanoparticles of ∼32 nm. SIRV2 (Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2), is a robust archaeal virus, resistant to high temperature and low pH. SIRV2 can act as a template for site-selective and spatially controlled chemical modification. Both the ends and the body of the virus, or the ends only, can be chemically addressed; SIRV2 can be regarded as a structurally unique nanobuilding block.
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Steinmetz NF, Shah SN, Barclay JE, Rallapalli G, Lomonossoff GP, Evans DJ. Virus-templated silica nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:813-816. [PMID: 19197969 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200801348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Structure-Based Engineering of an Icosahedral Virus for Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009; 327:23-58. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69379-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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45
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Sainsbury F, Liu L, Lomonossoff GP. Cowpea mosaic virus-based systems for the expression of antigens and antibodies in plants. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 483:25-39. [PMID: 19183891 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-407-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes the use of Cowpea mosaic virus-based vectors for the production of foreign proteins such as antigens and antibodies in plants. The systems include vectors based on both full-length and deleted versions of RNA-2. In both cases, the modified RNA-2 is replicated by coinoculation with RNA-1. The constructs based on full-length RNA-2 retain the ability to spread systemically throughout an inoculated plant and the infection can be passaged. The vector based on a deleted version of RNA-2 can stably incorporate larger inserts but lacks the ability to move systemically. However, it has the added advantage of biocontainment. In both cases, vector constructs modified to contain a foreign gene of interest can be delivered by agroinfiltration to obtain transient expression of the foreign protein. If required, the same constructs can also be used for stable nuclear transformation. Both types of vector have proved effective for the production in plants of a diverse range of proteins including antigens and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sainsbury
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, UK
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46
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D'Aoust MA, Lavoie PO, Belles-Isles J, Bechtold N, Martel M, Vézina LP. Transient expression of antibodies in plants using syringe agroinfiltration. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 483:41-50. [PMID: 19183892 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-407-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The improvements in agroinfiltration methods for plant-based transient expression now allow the production of significant amounts of recombinant proteins in a matter of days. While vacuum-based agroinfiltration has been brought to large scale to meet the cost, speed and surge capacity requirements for vaccine and therapeutic production, the more accessible and affordable syringe agroinfiltration procedure still represents a fast and high-yielding approach to recombinant protein production at lab scale. The procedure exemplified here has proven its reproducibility and high-yield capacity for the production of proteins with varying levels of complexity, including monoclonal antibodies.
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Abstract
Protein capsids derived from viruses may be modified by methods, generated, isolated, and purified on large scales with relative ease. In recent years, methods for their chemical derivatization have been employed to broaden the properties and functions accessible to investigators desiring monodisperse, atomic-resolution structures on the nanometer scale. Here we review the reactions and methods used in these endeavors, including the modification of lysine, cysteine, and tyrosine side chains, as well as the installation of unnatural amino acids, with particular attention to the special challenges imposed by the polyvalency and size of virus-based scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Strable
- Dynavax Technologies Corp., Berkeley, CA 94710-2753, USA
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48
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Annamalai P, Rao ALN. Delivery and expression of functional viral RNA genomes in planta by agroinfiltration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 16:16B.2.1-16B.2.15. [PMID: 18770582 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc16b02s01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Agroinfiltration is a simple, efficient, and powerful approach for transient expression of viral genes as well as DNA-based expression of full-length RNA genomes of plant viruses for studies leading to understanding of replication, movement, and assembly. Most importantly, it results in synchronous delivery of Agrobacterium transformants to a majority of cells encompassing the infiltrated area and is therefore ideal for examining the biological activities of viruses having multipartite genomes. Because of the high transformation rate and efficient accumulation of mRNAs, the method is also ideal for analyzing biological activities of viral genomes with defective replication and cell-to-cell movement characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A L N Rao
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
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49
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Abstract
A variety of techniques have been used to examine plant viral genomes, the functions of virus-encoded proteins, plant responses induced by virus infection and plant-virus interactions. This overview considers these technologies and how they have been used to identify novel viral and plant proteins or genes involved in disease and resistance responses, as well as defense signaling. These approaches include analysis of spatial and temporal responses by plants to infection, and techniques that allow the expression of viral genes transiently or transgenically in planta, the expression of plant and foreign genes from virus vectors, the silencing of plants genes, imaging of live, infected cells, and the detection of interactions between viral proteins and plant gene products, both in planta and in various in vitro or in vivo systems. These methods and some of the discoveries made using these approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Palukaitis
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
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50
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Sainsbury F, Lavoie PO, D'Aoust MA, Vézina LP, Lomonossoff GP. Expression of multiple proteins using full-length and deleted versions of cowpea mosaic virus RNA-2. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2008; 6:82-92. [PMID: 17986176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of multiple copies of vectors based on either full-length or deleted versions of cowpea mosaic virus RNA-2 for the production of heteromeric proteins in plants was investigated. Co-infiltration of two full-length RNA-2 constructs containing different marker genes into Nicotiana benthamiana in the presence of RNA-1 showed that the two foreign proteins were efficiently expressed within the same cell in inoculated tissue. Furthermore, the proteins were co-localized to the same subcellular compartments, an essential prerequisite for heteromer formation. However, segregation of two separate RNA-2 molecules, and therefore expression of the two proteins, was observed on systemic spread of the recombinant viruses. Thus, efficient assembly of heteromeric proteins is likely to occur only in inoculated tissue. To determine the optimum approach for expression in inoculated tissue, the heavy and light chains of the blood group-typing immunoglobulin G (IgG) C5-1 were inserted into full-length and deleted versions of RNA-2, and the constructs were agroinfiltrated in the presence of RNA-1. The results obtained showed that full-size IgG molecules accumulated using both approaches, but that the levels were significantly higher when deleted RNA-2 vectors were used. The levels were also greatly enhanced by the inclusion of an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the C-terminus of the heavy chain. As the potential benefit of using full-length RNA-2 constructs, the ability to spread systemically, appears to be irrelevant to the production of heteromeric proteins, the use of deleted versions of RNA-2 is clearly advantageous, particularly as they offer the benefit of biocontainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sainsbury
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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