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Mallick A, Tan HL, Epstein JM, Gaudry Q, Dacks AM. Serotonin acts through multiple cellular targets during an olfactory critical period. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.14.589413. [PMID: 38645269 PMCID: PMC11030346 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.589413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is known to modulate early development during critical periods when experience drives heightened levels of plasticity in neurons. Here, we take advantage of the genetically tractable olfactory system of Drosophila to investigate how 5-HT modulates critical period plasticity in the CO2 sensing circuit of fruit flies. Our study reveals that 5HT modulation of multiple neuronal targets is necessary for experience-dependent structural changes in an odor processing circuit. The olfactory CPP is known to involve local inhibitory networks and consistent with this we found that knocking down 5-HT7 receptors in a subset of GABAergic local interneurons was sufficient to block CPP, as was knocking down GABA receptors expressed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Additionally, direct modulation of OSNs via 5-HT2B expression in the cognate OSNs sensing CO2 is also essential for CPP. Furthermore, 5-HT1B expression by serotonergic neurons in the olfactory system is also required during the critical period. Our study reveals that 5-HT modulation of multiple neuronal targets is necessary for experience-dependent structural changes in an odor processing circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Mallick
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hua Leonhard Tan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Quentin Gaudry
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Senior Author: These authors contributed equally
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Senior Author: These authors contributed equally
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2
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Damiani F, Cornuti S, Tognini P. The gut-brain connection: Exploring the influence of the gut microbiota on neuroplasticity and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropharmacology 2023; 231:109491. [PMID: 36924923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of brain circuits to reorganize and change the properties of the network, resulting in alterations in brain function and behavior. It is traditionally believed that neuroplasticity is influenced by external stimuli, learning, and experience. Intriguingly, there is new evidence suggesting that endogenous signals from the body's periphery may play a role. The gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms living in harmony with their host, may be able to influence plasticity through its modulation of the gut-brain axis. Interestingly, the maturation of the gut microbiota coincides with critical periods of neurodevelopment, during which neural circuits are highly plastic and potentially vulnerable. As such, dysbiosis (an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition) during early life may contribute to the disruption of normal developmental trajectories, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. This review aims to examine the ways in which the gut microbiota can affect neuroplasticity. It will also discuss recent research linking gastrointestinal issues and bacterial dysbiosis to various neurodevelopmental disorders and their potential impact on neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Cornuti
- Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Tognini
- Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Ichinose T, Kinoshita M, Nakajima R, Tanaka S, Nakada M. Recovery of Visual Field After Awake Stimulation Mapping of the Optic Pathway in Glioma Patients. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:87-98. [PMID: 36327063 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Brain mapping during awake craniotomy for gliomas can help preserve neurological functions, including maintenance of central and peripheral vision. However, the consecutive changes in the visual field remain unknown. We retrospectively assessed 14 patients who underwent awake craniotomy for gliomas infiltrating into the optic radiation. Cortico-subcortical direct electrical stimulation (DES) was intraoperatively applied until transient visual symptoms were elicited and recorded. The visual fields were examined consecutively in the preoperative period and postoperative subacute and chronic periods. To evaluate the anatomo-functional validity of the recordings, all DES-elicited points were overlaid onto a three-dimensional template that included the optic radiation, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) mapping. All patients experienced visual symptoms that were classified as phosphenes, blurred vision, or hallucinations during DES, and surgical resection was limited to within the functional boundaries. In VBM, almost all the subcortical positive mapping points overlapped with the surface of the optic radiation, and the distribution of sites that induced visual phenomena in the upper or lower visual fields could be differentiated in the anatomical space. We observed no postoperative visual deficit in four patients (29%), time-dependent improvements in five out of eight patients that presented transient quadrantanopia or partial visual defect (36% out of 57%), and permanent hemianopsia (14%) in two patients with occipital lesions. Intraoperative DES that identifies and preserves optic radiation in awake craniotomy for gliomas is a reliable and effective technique to reduce risk of permanent deficits, but has a low success rate in patients with occipital involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Ichinose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Riho Nakajima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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4
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Battaglini L, Di Ponzio M, Ghiani A, Mena F, Santacesaria P, Casco C. Vision recovery with perceptual learning and non-invasive brain stimulation: Experimental set-ups and recent results, a review of the literature. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2022; 40:137-168. [PMID: 35964213 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-221261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision is the sense which we rely on the most to interact with the environment and its integrity is fundamental for the quality of our life. However, around the globe, more than 1 billion people are affected by debilitating vision deficits. Therefore, finding a way to treat (or mitigate) them successfully is necessary. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to examine options for innovative treatment of visual disorders (retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, optic neuropathy, refractory disorders, hemianopia, amblyopia), especially with Perceptual Learning (PL) and Electrical Stimulation (ES). METHODS ES and PL can enhance visual abilities in clinical populations, inducing plastic changes. We describe the experimental set-ups and discuss the results of studies using ES or PL or their combination in order to suggest, based on literature, which treatment is the best option for each clinical condition. RESULTS Positive results were obtained using ES and PL to enhance visual functions. For example, repetitive transorbital Alternating Current Stimulation (rtACS) appeared as the most effective treatment for pre-chiasmatic disorders such as optic neuropathy. A combination of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and visual training seems helpful for people with hemianopia, while transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) makes visual training more efficient in people with amblyopia and mild myopia. CONCLUSIONS This narrative review highlights the effect of different ES montages and PL in the treatment of visual disorders. Furthermore, new options for treatment are suggested. It is noteworthy to mention that, in some cases, unclear results emerged and others need to be more deeply investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Battaglini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.,Centro di Ateneo dei Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici (SCUP), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Neuro.Vis.U.S, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Di Ponzio
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Neuroscienze, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiani
- Department of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Mena
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Clara Casco
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.,Centro di Ateneo dei Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici (SCUP), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Neuro.Vis.U.S, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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5
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Poli A, Gemignani A, Chiorri C, Miccoli M. A critical period for experience-dependent development of the feelings of safety during early infancy: A polyvagal perspective on anger and psychometric tools to assess perceived safety. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:915170. [PMID: 35924118 PMCID: PMC9339984 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.915170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Poli
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Chiorri
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Rupert DD, Shea SD. Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons Regulate Cortical Sensory Plasticity in Adulthood and Development Through Shared Mechanisms. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:886629. [PMID: 35601529 PMCID: PMC9120417 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.886629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-positive neurons are the largest class of GABAergic, inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system. In the cortex, these fast-spiking cells provide feedforward and feedback synaptic inhibition onto a diverse set of cell types, including pyramidal cells, other inhibitory interneurons, and themselves. Cortical inhibitory networks broadly, and cortical parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (cPVins) specifically, are crucial for regulating sensory plasticity during both development and adulthood. Here we review the functional properties of cPVins that enable plasticity in the cortex of adult mammals and the influence of cPVins on sensory activity at four spatiotemporal scales. First, cPVins regulate developmental critical periods and adult plasticity through molecular and structural interactions with the extracellular matrix. Second, they activate in precise sequence following feedforward excitation to enforce strict temporal limits in response to the presentation of sensory stimuli. Third, they implement gain control to normalize sensory inputs and compress the dynamic range of output. Fourth, they synchronize broad network activity patterns in response to behavioral events and state changes. Much of the evidence for the contribution of cPVins to plasticity comes from classic models that rely on sensory deprivation methods to probe experience-dependent changes in the brain. We support investigating naturally occurring, adaptive cortical plasticity to study cPVin circuits in an ethologically relevant framework, and discuss recent insights from our work on maternal experience-induced auditory cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D. Rupert
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Stephen D. Shea
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
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7
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Chen CC, Brumberg JC. Sensory Experience as a Regulator of Structural Plasticity in the Developing Whisker-to-Barrel System. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:770453. [PMID: 35002626 PMCID: PMC8739903 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.770453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular structures provide the physical foundation for the functionality of the nervous system, and their developmental trajectory can be influenced by the characteristics of the external environment that an organism interacts with. Historical and recent works have determined that sensory experiences, particularly during developmental critical periods, are crucial for information processing in the brain, which in turn profoundly influence neuronal and non-neuronal cortical structures that subsequently impact the animals' behavioral and cognitive outputs. In this review, we focus on how altering sensory experience influences normal/healthy development of the central nervous system, particularly focusing on the cerebral cortex using the rodent whisker-to-barrel system as an illustrative model. A better understanding of structural plasticity, encompassing multiple aspects such as neuronal, glial, and extra-cellular domains, provides a more integrative view allowing for a deeper appreciation of how all aspects of the brain work together as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chien Chen
- Department of Psychology, Queens College City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Joshua C Brumberg
- Department of Psychology, Queens College City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.,The Biology (Neuroscience) and Psychology (Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience) PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Tonti E, Budini M, Vingolo EM. Visuo-Acoustic Stimulation's Role in Synaptic Plasticity: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910783. [PMID: 34639122 PMCID: PMC8509608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity is the capacity of cerebral neurons to change, structurally and functionally, in response to experiences. This is an essential property underlying the maturation of sensory functions, learning and memory processes, and brain repair in response to the occurrence of diseases and trauma. In this field, the visual system emerges as a paradigmatic research model, both for basic research studies and for translational investigations. The auditory system remains capable of reorganizing itself in response to different auditory stimulations or sensory organ modification. Acoustic biofeedback training can be an effective way to train patients with the central scotoma, who have poor fixation stability and poor visual acuity, in order to bring fixation on an eccentrical and healthy area of the retina: a pseudofovea. This review article is focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying retinal sensitivity changes and visual and auditory system plasticity.
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9
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NGF Eye Administration Recovers the TrkB and Glutamate/GABA Marker Deficit in the Adult Visual Cortex Following Optic Nerve Crush. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810014. [PMID: 34576177 PMCID: PMC8471133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye-drop recombinant human nerve growth factor (ed-rhNGF) has proved to recover the retina and optic nerve damage in animal models, including the unilateral optic nerve crush (ONC), and to improve visual acuity in humans. These data, associated with evidence that ed-rhNGF stimulates the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in retina and cortex, suggests that NGF might exert retino-fugal effects by affecting BDNF and its receptor TrkB. To address these questions, their expression and relationship with the GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission markers, GAD65 and GAD67, vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VGAT), and vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT-1 and VGLUT-2) were investigated in adult ONC rats contralateral and ipsilateral visual cortex (VCx). Ed-rhNGF recovers the ONC-induced alteration of GABAergic and glutamatergic markers in contralateral VCx, induces an upregulation of TrkB, which is positively correlated with BDNF precursor (proBDNF) decrease in both VCx sides, and strongly enhances TrkB+ cell soma and neuronal endings surrounded by GAD65 immuno-reactive afferents. These findings contribute to enlarging the knowledge on the mechanism of actions and cellular targets of exogenously administrated NGF, and suggest that ed-rhNGF might act by potentiating the activity-dependent TrkB expression in GAD+ cells in VCx following retina damage and/or ONC.
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10
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Bi AL, Zhang YY, Lu ZY, Tang HY, Zhang XY, Zhang ZH, Li BQ, Guo DD, Gong S, Li Q, Wang XR, Lu XZ, Bi HS. Synaptosomal Actin Dynamics in the Developmental Visual Cortex Regulate Behavioral Visual Acuity in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:20. [PMID: 34137807 PMCID: PMC8212442 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Synaptosomal actin dynamics are essential for synaptic structural stability. Whether actin dynamics are involved in structural and functional synaptic plasticity within the primary visual cortex (V1) or behavioral visual acuity in rats has still not been thoroughly investigated. Methods Synaptosome preparation and western blot analysis were used to analyze synaptosomal actin dynamics. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect synaptic density and mitochondrial area alterations. A visual water maze task was applied to assess behavioral visual acuity. Microinjection of the actin polymerization inhibitor or stabilizer detected the effect of actin dynamics on visual function. Results Actin dynamics, the mitochondrial area, and synaptic density within the area of V1 are increased during the critical period for the development of binocularity. Microinjection of the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D into the V1 decreased the mitochondrial area, synaptic density, and behavioral visual acuity. Long-term monocular deprivation reduced actin dynamics, the mitochondrial area, and synaptic density within the V1 contralateral to the deprived eye compared with those ipsilateral to the deprived eye and impaired visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. In addition, the mitochondrial area, synaptic density, and behavioral visual acuity were improved by stabilization of actin polymerization by jasplakinolide microinjection. Conclusions During the critical period of visual development of binocularity, synaptosomal actin dynamics regulate synaptic structure and function and play roles in behavioral visual acuity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Eye Institute of the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue-Ying Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Ying Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Han Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo-Qin Li
- Ultrastructural Laboratory, Shandong WEI-YA Biotech Company, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Dong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Eye Institute of the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sheng Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xing-Rong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Eye Institute of the Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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11
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Rathjen FG, Hodge R. Early Days of Tenascin-R Research: Two Approaches Discovered and Shed Light on Tenascin-R. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612482. [PMID: 33488619 PMCID: PMC7820773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz G Rathjen
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Russell Hodge
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Baroncelli L, Lunghi C. Neuroplasticity of the visual cortex: in sickness and in health. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113515. [PMID: 33132181 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain plasticity refers to the ability of synaptic connections to adapt their function and structure in response to experience, including environmental changes, sensory deprivation and injuries. Plasticity is a distinctive, but not exclusive, property of the developing nervous system. This review introduces the concept of neuroplasticity and describes classic paradigms to illustrate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synapse modifiability. Then, we summarize a growing number of studies showing that the adult cerebral cortex retains a significant degree of plasticity highlighting how the identification of strategies to enhance the plastic potential of the adult brain could pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches aimed at treating amblyopia and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we analyze how the visual system adjusts to neurodegenerative conditions leading to blindness and we discuss the crucial role of spared plasticity in the visual system for sight recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Lunghi
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d'études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Park WJ, Fine I. New insights into cortical development and plasticity: from molecules to behavior. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 16:50-60. [PMID: 32923755 PMCID: PMC7480792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human brain contains 100 billion neurons, and each neuron can have up to 200,000 connections to other neurons. Recent advancements in neuroscience-ranging from molecular studies in animal models to behavioral studies in humans-have given us deeper insights into the development of this extraordinarily intricate system. Studies show a complex interaction between biological predispositions and environment; while the gross neuroanatomy and low-level functions develop early prior to receiving environmental inputs, functional selectivity is shaped through experience, governed by the maturation of local excitatory and inhibitory circuits and synaptic plasticity during sensitive periods early in development. Plasticity does not end with the closing of the early sensitive period - the environment continues to play an important role in learning throughout the lifespan. Recent work delineating the cascade of events that initiates, controls and ends sensitive periods, offers new hope of eventually being able to remediate various clinical conditions by selectively reopening plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Ju Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Ione Fine
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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14
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Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-5 forms perisynaptic matrix assemblies in the adult rat cortex. Cell Signal 2020; 74:109710. [PMID: 32653642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Composition of the brain extracellular matrix changes in time as maturation proceeds. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 (CSPG-5), also known as neuroglycan C, has been previously associated to differentiation since it shapes neurite growth and synapse forming. Here, we show that this proteoglycan persists in the postnatal rat brain, and its expression is higher in cortical regions with plastic properties, including hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex at the end of the second postnatal week. Progressively accumulating after birth, CSPG-5 typically concentrates around glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals in twelve-week old rat hippocampus. CSPG-5-containing perisynaptic matrix rings often appear at the peripheral margin of perineuronal nets. Electron microscopy and analysis of synaptosomal fraction showed that CSPG-5 accumulates around, and is associated to synapses, respectively. In vitro analyses suggest that neurons, but less so astrocytes, express CSPG-5 in rat primary neocortical cultures, and CSPG-5 produced by transfected neuroblastoma cells appear at endings and contact points of neurites. In human subjects, CSPG-5 expression shifts in brain areas of the default mode network of suicide victims, which may reflect an impact in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases or support diagnostic power.
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15
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Luke MPS, Brown RE, Clarke DB. Polysialylated - neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) promotes recovery of vision after the critical period. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103527. [PMID: 32634575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision loss has long since been considered irreversible after a critical period; however, there is potential to restore limited vision, even in adulthood. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced following complete loss of vision in the dominant eye. Adult neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) knockout mice have an age-related impairment of visual acuity. The underlying cause of early deterioration in visual function remains unknown. Polysialylated (PSA) NCAM is involved in different forms of neural plasticity in the adult brain, raising the possibility that NCAM plays a role in the plasticity of the visual cortex, and therefore, in visual ability. Here, we examined whether PSA-NCAM is required for visual cortical plasticity in adult C57Bl/6J mice following deafferentation and long-term monocular deprivation. Our results show that elevated PSA in the contralateral visual cortex of the reopened eye is accompanied by changes in other markers of neural plasticity: increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and degradation of perineuronal nets (PNNs). The removal of PSA-NCAM in the visual cortex of these mice reduced BDNF expression, decreased PNN degradation, and resulted in impaired recovery of visual acuity after optic nerve transection and chronic monocular deprivation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PSA-NCAM is necessary for the reactivation of visual cortical plasticity and recovery of visual function in adult mice. It also offers a potential molecular target for the therapeutic treatment of cortically based visual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Po-Shan Luke
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada.
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Science Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada.
| | - David B Clarke
- Departments of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Medical Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Life Science Research Institute, 1348 Summer Street, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada.
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16
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Castaldi E, Lunghi C, Morrone MC. Neuroplasticity in adult human visual cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:542-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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The development of vision between nature and nurture: clinical implications from visual neuroscience. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:911-917. [PMID: 32140777 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision is an adaptive function and should be considered a prerequisite for neurodevelopment because it permits the organization and the comprehension of the sensory data collected by the visual system during daily life. For this reason, the influence of visual functions on neuromotor, cognitive, and emotional development has been investigated by several studies that have highlighted how visual functions can drive the organization and maturation of human behavior. Recent studies on animals and human models have indicated that visual functions mature gradually during post-natal life, and its development is closely linked to environment and experience. DISCUSSION The role of vision in early brain development and some of the neuroplasticity mechanisms that have been described in the presence of cerebral damage during childhood are analyzed in this review, according to a neurorehabilitation prospective.
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18
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Lee J, Lee KH, Kim SH, Han JY, Hong SB, Cho SC, Kim JW, Brent D. Early changes of serum BDNF and SSRI response in adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:325-332. [PMID: 32090756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and their early changes may predict antidepressant response in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, in adolescents, BDNF levels in depression and their changes during antidepressant treatment are relatively unknown. We aimed to investigate whether pre-treatment BDNF levels and their early changes predict antidepressant response in depressed adolescents. METHODS The study included 83 MDD adolescents and 52 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years. All depressed adolescents were treated with escitalopram in an 8 week, open-label trial. Depression severity and serum BDNF level at baseline, and weeks 2 and 8 were measured with the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Responders showed a significant decrease in BDNF levels at week 2 but non-responders and healthy controls had no changes in BDNF levels at week 2. The early decrease (baseline - week 2) of BDNF levels predicted SSRI response with moderate sensitivity and specificity. Logistic regression analysis revealed that early BDNF decrease predicted SSRI response at week 8 after controlling for other demographic and clinical variables. LIMITATIONS The follow-up duration of the study was limited in 8 weeks. It remains possible that serum BDNF levels would have changed with longer treatment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal study to investigate the effect of antidepressants on BDNF levels in adolescents with MDD. Our findings suggest that a decrease of serum BDNF levels in early phase of SSRI treatment may be associated later SSRI response in adolescents with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Lee
- Integrative Care Hub, Children's Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Hae Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Youn Han
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Beom Hong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Churl Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Gyenggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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19
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Boddington LJ, Gray JP, Schulz JM, Reynolds JNJ. Low-intensity contralesional electrical theta burst stimulation modulates ipsilesional excitability and enhances stroke recovery. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113071. [PMID: 31669070 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeting interhemispheric inhibition using brain stimulation has shown potential for enhancing stroke recovery. Following stroke, increased inhibition originating from the contralesional hemisphere impairs motor activation in ipsilesional areas. We have previously reported that low-intensity electrical theta burst stimulation (TBS) applied to an implanted electrode in the contralesional rat motor cortex reduces interhemispheric inhibition, and improves functional recovery when commenced three days after cortical injury. Here we apply this approach at more clinically relevant later time points and measure recovery from photothrombotic stroke, following three weeks of low-intensity intermittent TBS (iTBS), continuous TBS (cTBS) or sham stimulation applied to the contralesional motor cortex. Interhemispheric inhibition and cellular excitability were measured in the same rats from single pyramidal neurons in the peri-infarct area, using in vivo intracellular recording. A minimal dose of iTBS did not enhance motor function when applied beginning one month after stroke. However both a high and a low dose of iTBS improved recovery to a similar degree when applied 10 days after stroke, with the degree of recovery positively correlated with ipsilesional excitability. The final level of interhemispheric inhibition was negatively correlated with excitability, but did not independently correlate with functional recovery. In contrast, contralesional cTBS left recovery unaltered, but decreased ipsilesional excitability. These data support focal contralesional iTBS and not cTBS as an intervention for enhancing stroke recovery and suggest that there is a complex relationship between functional recovery and interhemispheric inhibition, with both independently associated with ipsilesional excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Boddington
- Department of Anatomy and the Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jason P Gray
- Department of Anatomy and the Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jan M Schulz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - John N J Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy and the Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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20
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Yang ST, Wang M, Paspalas CD, Crimins JL, Altman MT, Mazer JA, Arnsten AFT. Core Differences in Synaptic Signaling Between Primary Visual and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1458-1471. [PMID: 29351585 PMCID: PMC6041807 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) are more resilient than those in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in aging, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. The current study compared glutamate and neuromodulatory actions in macaque V1 to those in dlPFC, and found striking regional differences. V1 neuronal firing to visual stimuli depended on AMPA receptors, with subtle NMDA receptor contributions, while dlPFC depends primarily on NMDA receptors. Neuromodulatory actions also differed between regions. In V1, cAMP signaling increased neuronal firing, and the phosphodiesterase PDE4A was positioned to regulate cAMP effects on glutamate release from axons. HCN channels in V1 were classically located on distal dendrites, and enhanced cell firing. These data contrast with dlPFC, where PDE4A and HCN channels are concentrated in thin spines, and cAMP-HCN signaling gates inputs and weakens firing. These regional differences may explain why V1 neurons are more resilient than dlPFC neurons to the challenges of age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | | | - Johanna L Crimins
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Marcus T Altman
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - James A Mazer
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
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21
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Grieco SF, Holmes TC, Xu X. Neuregulin directed molecular mechanisms of visual cortical plasticity. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:668-678. [PMID: 29464684 PMCID: PMC6103898 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Experience-dependent critical period (CP) plasticity has been extensively studied in the visual cortex. Monocular deprivation during the CP affects ocular dominance, limits visual performance, and contributes to the pathological etiology of amblyopia. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) signaling through its tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB4 is essential for the normal development of the nervous system and has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. We discovered recently that NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in PV neurons is critical for the initiation of CP visual cortical plasticity by controlling excitatory synaptic inputs onto PV neurons and thus PV-cell mediated cortical inhibition that occurs following visual deprivation. Building on this discovery, we review the existing literature of neuregulin signaling in developing and adult cortex and address the implication of NRG/ErbB4 signaling in visual cortical plasticity at the cellular and circuit levels. NRG-directed research may lead to therapeutic approaches to reactivate plasticity in the adult cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Grieco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California
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22
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Lombaert N, Hennes M, Gilissen S, Schevenels G, Aerts L, Vanlaer R, Geenen L, Van Eeckhaut A, Smolders I, Nys J, Arckens L. 5-HTR 2A and 5-HTR 3A but not 5-HTR 1A antagonism impairs the cross-modal reactivation of deprived visual cortex in adulthood. Mol Brain 2018; 11:65. [PMID: 30400993 PMCID: PMC6218970 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual cortical areas show enhanced tactile responses in blind individuals, resulting in improved behavioral performance. Induction of unilateral vision loss in adult mice, by monocular enucleation (ME), is a validated model for such cross-modal brain plasticity. A delayed whisker-driven take-over of the medial monocular zone of the visual cortex is preceded by so-called unimodal plasticity, involving the potentiation of the spared-eye inputs in the binocular cortical territory. Full reactivation of the sensory-deprived contralateral visual cortex is accomplished by 7 weeks post-injury. Serotonin (5-HT) is known to modulate sensory information processing and integration, but its impact on cortical reorganization after sensory loss, remains largely unexplored. To address this issue, we assessed the involvement of 5-HT in ME-induced cross-modal plasticity and the 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) subtype used. We first focused on establishing the impact of ME on the total 5-HT concentration measured in the visual cortex and in the somatosensory barrel field. Next, the changes in expression as a function of post-ME recovery time of the monoamine transporter 2 (vMAT2), which loads 5-HT into presynaptic vesicles, and of the 5-HTR1A and 5-HTR3A were assessed, in order to link these temporal expression profiles to the different types of cortical plasticity induced by ME. In order to accurately pinpoint which 5-HTR exactly mediates ME-induced cross-modal plasticity, we pharmacologically antagonized the 5-HTR1A, 5-HTR2A and 5-HTR3A subtypes. This study reveals brain region-specific alterations in total 5-HT concentration, time-dependent modulations in vMAT2, 5-HTR1A and 5-HTR3A protein expression and 5-HTR antagonist-specific effects on the post-ME plasticity phenomena. Together, our results confirm a role for 5-HTR1A in the early phase of binocular visual cortex plasticity and suggest an involvement of 5-HTR2A and 5-HTR3A but not 5-HTR1A during the late cross-modal recruitment of the medial monocular visual cortex. These insights contribute to the general understanding of 5-HT function in cortical plasticity and may encourage the search for improved rehabilitation strategies to compensate for sensory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lombaert
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maroussia Hennes
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Gilissen
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giel Schevenels
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Aerts
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ria Vanlaer
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Geenen
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Nys
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Present Address: Laboratory of Synapse Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, O&N IV, Herestraat 49, box 602, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Almeida-Filho DG, Queiroz CM, Ribeiro S. Memory corticalization triggered by REM sleep: mechanisms of cellular and systems consolidation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3715-3740. [PMID: 30054638 PMCID: PMC11105475 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Once viewed as a passive physiological state, sleep is a heterogeneous and complex sequence of brain states with essential effects on synaptic plasticity and neuronal functioning. Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep has been shown to promote calcium-dependent plasticity in principal neurons of the cerebral cortex, both during memory consolidation in adults and during post-natal development. This article reviews the plasticity mechanisms triggered by REM sleep, with a focus on the emerging role of kinases and immediate-early genes for the progressive corticalization of hippocampus-dependent memories. The body of evidence suggests that memory corticalization triggered by REM sleep is a systemic phenomenon with cellular and molecular causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Almeida-Filho
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Claudio M Queiroz
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59056-450, Brazil.
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24
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Datta D, Arnsten AF. Unique Molecular Regulation of Higher-Order Prefrontal Cortical Circuits: Insights into the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2127-2145. [PMID: 29470055 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with core deficits in cognitive abilities and impaired functioning of the newly evolved prefrontal association cortex (PFC). In particular, neuropathological studies of schizophrenia have found selective atrophy of the pyramidal cell microcircuits in deep layer III of the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) and compensatory weakening of related GABAergic interneurons. Studies in monkeys have shown that recurrent excitation in these layer III microcircuits generates the precisely patterned, persistent firing needed for working memory and abstract thought. Importantly, excitatory synapses on layer III spines are uniquely regulated at the molecular level in ways that may render them particularly vulnerable to genetic and/or environmental insults. Glutamate actions are remarkably dependent on cholinergic stimulation, and there are inherent mechanisms to rapidly weaken connectivity, e.g. during stress. In particular, feedforward cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-calcium signaling rapidly weakens network connectivity and neuronal firing by opening nearby potassium channels. Many mechanisms that regulate this process are altered in schizophrenia and/or associated with genetic insults. Current data suggest that there are "dual hits" to layer III dlPFC circuits: initial insults to connectivity during the perinatal period due to genetic errors and/or inflammatory insults that predispose the cortex to atrophy, followed by a second wave of cortical loss during adolescence, e.g. driven by stress, at the descent into illness. The unique molecular regulation of layer III circuits may provide a nexus where inflammation disinhibits the neuronal response to stress. Understanding these mechanisms may help to illuminate dlPFC susceptibility in schizophrenia and provide insights for novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Amy F.T. Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
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25
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Umemori J, Winkel F, Didio G, Llach Pou M, Castrén E. iPlasticity: Induced juvenile-like plasticity in the adult brain as a mechanism of antidepressants. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:633-653. [PMID: 29802758 PMCID: PMC6174980 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The network hypothesis of depression proposes that mood disorders reflect problems in information processing within particular neural networks. Antidepressants (AD), including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), function by gradually improving information processing within these networks. AD have been shown to induce a state of juvenile-like plasticity comparable to that observed during developmental critical periods: Such critical-period-like plasticity allows brain networks to better adapt to extrinsic and intrinsic signals. We have coined this drug-induced state of juvenile-like plasticity 'iPlasticity.' A combination of iPlasticity induced by chronic SSRI treatment together with training, rehabilitation, or psychotherapy improves symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders and issues underlying the developmentally or genetically malfunctioning networks. We have proposed that iPlasticity might be a critical component of AD action. We have demonstrated that iPlasticity occurs in the visual cortex, fear erasure network, extinction of aggression caused by social isolation, and spatial reversal memory in rodent models. Chronic SSRI treatment is known to promote neurogenesis and to cause dematuration of granule cells in the dentate gyrus and of interneurons, especially parvalbumin interneurons enwrapped by perineuronal nets in the prefrontal cortex, visual cortex, and amygdala. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), via its receptor tropomyosin kinase receptor B, is involved in the processes of synaptic plasticity, including neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, weight of synapses, and gene regulation of synaptic formation. BDNF can be activated by both chronic SSRI treatment and neuronal activity. Accordingly, the BDNF/tropomyosin kinase receptor B pathway is critical for iPlasticity, but further analyses will be needed to provide mechanical insight into the processes of iPlasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Frederike Winkel
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Giuliano Didio
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maria Llach Pou
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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26
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Differential effects of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) on contrast sensitivity and visual acuity when combined with a short perceptual training in adults with amblyopia. Neuropsychologia 2018; 114:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Xu X, Bass B, McKillop WM, Mailloux J, Liu T, Geremia NM, Hryciw T, Brown A. Sox9 knockout mice have improved recovery following stroke. Exp Neurol 2018; 303:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Henschke JU, Oelschlegel AM, Angenstein F, Ohl FW, Goldschmidt J, Kanold PO, Budinger E. Early sensory experience influences the development of multisensory thalamocortical and intracortical connections of primary sensory cortices. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1165-1190. [PMID: 29094306 PMCID: PMC5871574 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system integrates information from multiple senses. This multisensory integration already occurs in primary sensory cortices via direct thalamocortical and corticocortical connections across modalities. In humans, sensory loss from birth results in functional recruitment of the deprived cortical territory by the spared senses but the underlying circuit changes are not well known. Using tracer injections into primary auditory, somatosensory, and visual cortex within the first postnatal month of life in a rodent model (Mongolian gerbil) we show that multisensory thalamocortical connections emerge before corticocortical connections but mostly disappear during development. Early auditory, somatosensory, or visual deprivation increases multisensory connections via axonal reorganization processes mediated by non-lemniscal thalamic nuclei and the primary areas themselves. Functional single-photon emission computed tomography of regional cerebral blood flow reveals altered stimulus-induced activity and higher functional connectivity specifically between primary areas in deprived animals. Together, we show that intracortical multisensory connections are formed as a consequence of sensory-driven multisensory thalamocortical activity and that spared senses functionally recruit deprived cortical areas by an altered development of sensory thalamocortical and corticocortical connections. The functional-anatomical changes after early sensory deprivation have translational implications for the therapy of developmental hearing loss, blindness, and sensory paralysis and might also underlie developmental synesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia U Henschke
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Within the Helmholtz Association, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Oelschlegel
- Research Group Neuropharmacology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Angenstein
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Within the Helmholtz Association, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank W Ohl
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Goldschmidt
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick O Kanold
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eike Budinger
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Guo Y, Zhang W, Chen X, Fu J, Cheng W, Song D, Qu X, Yang Z, Zhao K. Timing-dependent LTP and LTD in mouse primary visual cortex following different visual deprivation models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176603. [PMID: 28520739 PMCID: PMC5435181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual deprivation during the critical period induces long-lasting changes in cortical circuitry by adaptively modifying neuro-transmission and synaptic connectivity at synapses. Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is considered a strong candidate for experience-dependent changes. However, the visual deprivation forms that affect timing-dependent long-term potentiation(LTP) and long-term depression(LTD) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated the temporal window changes of tLTP and tLTD, elicited by coincidental pre- and post-synaptic firing, following different modes of 6-day visual deprivation. Markedly broader temporal windows were found in robust tLTP and tLTD in the V1M of the deprived visual cortex in mice after 6-day MD and DE. The underlying mechanism for the changes seen with visual deprivation in juvenile mice using 6 days of dark exposure or monocular lid suture involves an increased fraction of NR2b-containing NMDAR and the consequent prolongation of NMDAR-mediated response duration. Moreover, a decrease in NR2A protein expression at the synapse is attributable to the reduction of the NR2A/2B ratio in the deprived cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatu Guo
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (KXZ)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Fu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The TEDA International Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbo Cheng
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The TEDA International Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Desheng Song
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The TEDA International Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People’s Hospital of Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kanxing Zhao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (KXZ)
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30
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GABA and GABA receptors alterations in the primary visual cortex of concave lens-induced myopic model. Brain Res Bull 2017; 130:173-179. [PMID: 28163071 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Until recently most researches on myopia mechanisms have mainly been focused on the eye ball and few investigations were explored on the upper visual pathway, such as the visual cortex. The roles of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the retinal and in the upper visual pathway are inter-correlated. As the retinal glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA, and the mRNA levels of GABA receptors increased during the concave lens induced myopia formation, however, whether GABA alterations also occurred in the visual cortex during the concave lens induction is still unknown. In the present study, using HPLC, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Real-Time Quantitative-PCR (RT-PCR) methods, we observed the changing trends of GABA, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and GABA receptors in the visual cortex of concave lens-induced myopic guinea pigs. Similar to the changing patterns of retinal GABA, the concentrations of GAD, GABA and the mRNA levels of GABA receptors in the visual cortex also increased. These results indicate that the exploration on myopia mechanisms should possibly be investigated on the whole visual pathway and the detailed significance of cortical GABA alterations needs further investigation.
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31
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Baroncelli L, Cenni MC, Melani R, Deidda G, Landi S, Narducci R, Cancedda L, Maffei L, Berardi N. Early IGF-1 primes visual cortex maturation and accelerates developmental switch between NKCC1 and KCC2 chloride transporters in enriched animals. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:167-177. [PMID: 26924708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) has a remarkable impact on brain development. Continuous exposure to EE from birth determines a significant acceleration of visual system maturation both at retinal and cortical levels. A pre-weaning enriched experience is sufficient to trigger the accelerated maturation of the visual system, suggesting that factors affected by EE during the first days of life might prime visual circuits towards a faster development. The search for such factors is crucial not only to gain a better understanding of the molecular hierarchy of brain development but also to identify molecular pathways amenable to be targeted to correct atypical brain developmental trajectories. Here, we showed that IGF-1 levels are increased in the visual cortex of EE rats as early as P6 and this is a crucial event for setting in motion the developmental program induced by EE. Early intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of IGF-1 in standard rats was sufficient to mimic the action of EE on visual acuity development, whereas blocking IGF-1 signaling by i.c.v. injections of the IGF-1 receptor antagonist JB1 prevented the deployment of EE effects. Early IGF-1 decreased the ratio between the expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 cation/chloride transporters, and the reversal potential for GABAAR-driven Cl- currents (ECl) was shifted toward more negative potentials, indicating that IGF-1 is a crucial factor in accelerating the maturation of GABAergic neurotransmission and promoting the developmental switch of GABA polarity from excitation to inhibition. In addition, early IGF-1 promoted a later occurring increase in its own expression, suggesting a priming effect of early IGF-1 in driving post-weaning cortical maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Riccardo Melani
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Piazza San Marco 4, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Deidda
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Landi
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Narducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Piazza San Marco 4, I-50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lamberto Maffei
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Piazza San Marco 4, I-50121, Florence, Italy
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32
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Tong L, Xie Y, Yu H. The temporal-spatial dynamics of feature maps during monocular deprivation revealed by chronic imaging and self-organization model simulation. Neuroscience 2016; 339:571-586. [PMID: 27746342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Experiments on the adult visual cortex of cats, ferrets and monkeys have revealed organized spatial relationships between multiple feature maps which can also be reproduced by the Kohonen and elastic net self-organization models. However, attempts to apply these models to simulate the temporal kinetics of monocular deprivation (MD) during the critical period, and their effects on the spatial arrangement of feature maps, have led to conflicting results. In this study, we performed MD and chronic imaging in the ferret visual cortex during the critical period of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. We also used the Kohonen model to simulate the effects of MD on OD and orientation map development. Both the experiments and simulations demonstrated two general parameter-insensitive findings. Specifically, our first finding demonstrated that the OD index shift resulting from MD, and its subsequent recovery during binocular vision (BV), were both nonlinear, with a significantly stronger shift occurring during the initial period. Meanwhile, spatial reorganization of feature maps led to globally unchanged but locally shifted map patterns. In detail, we found that the periodicity of OD and orientation maps remained unchanged during, and after, deprivation. Relationships between OD and orientation maps remained similar but were significantly weakened due to OD border shifts. These results indicate that orthogonal gradient relationships between maps may be preset and are only mildly modifiable during the critical period. The Kohonen model was able to reproduce these experimental results, hence its role is further extended to the description of cortical feature map dynamics during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tong
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, China.
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33
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Paylor JW, Lins BR, Greba Q, Moen N, de Moraes RS, Howland JG, Winship IR. Developmental disruption of perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex after maternal immune activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37580. [PMID: 27876866 PMCID: PMC5120325 DOI: 10.1038/srep37580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk of offspring developing schizophrenia later in life. Similarly, animal models of maternal immune activation (MIA) induce behavioural and anatomical disturbances consistent with a schizophrenia-like phenotype in offspring. Notably, cognitive impairments in tasks dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are observed in humans with schizophrenia and in offspring after MIA during pregnancy. Recent studies of post-mortem tissue from individuals with schizophrenia revealed deficits in extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), particularly in PFC. Given these findings, we examined PNNs over the course of development in a well-characterized rat model of MIA using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). We found selective reductions of PNNs in the PFC of polyI:C offspring which did not manifest until early adulthood. These deficits were not associated with changes in parvalbumin cell density, but a decrease in the percentage of parvalbumin cells surrounded by a PNN. Developmental expression of PNNs was also significantly altered in the amygdala of polyI:C offspring. Our results indicate MIA causes region specific developmental abnormalities in PNNs in the PFC of offspring. These findings confirm the polyI:C model replicates neuropathological alterations associated with schizophrenia and may identify novel mechanisms for cognitive and emotional dysfunction in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Paylor
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.,Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, AB, Canada
| | - Brittney R Lins
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Nicholas Moen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | | | - John G Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Ian R Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.,Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2B7, AB, Canada
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34
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Yamada J, Jinno S. Molecular heterogeneity of aggrecan-based perineuronal nets around five subclasses of parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the mouse hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:1234-1249. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
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35
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Liao M, Zhao H, Liu L, Li Q, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Training to improve contrast sensitivity in amblyopia: correction of high-order aberrations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35702. [PMID: 27752122 PMCID: PMC5067678 DOI: 10.1038/srep35702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceptual learning is considered a potential treatment for amblyopia even in adult patients who have progressed beyond the critical period of visual development because adult amblyopes retain sufficient visual plasticity. When perceptual learning is performed with the correction of high-order aberrations (HOAs), a greater degree of neural plasticity is present in normal adults and those with highly aberrated keratoconic eyes. Because amblyopic eyes show more severe HOAs than normal eyes, it is interesting to study the effects of HOA-corrected visual perceptual learning in amblyopia. In the present study, we trained twenty-six older child and adult anisometropic amblyopes while their HOAs were corrected using a real-time closed-loop adaptive optics perceptual learning system (AOPL). We found that adaptive optics (AO) correction improved the modulation transfer functions (MTFs) and contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) of older children and adults with anisometropic amblyopia. When perceptual learning was performed with AO correction of the ocular HOAs, the improvements in visual function were not only demonstrated in the condition with AO correction but were also maintained in the condition without AO correction. Additionally, the learning effect with AO correction was transferred to the untrained visual acuity and fellow eyes in the condition without AO correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liao
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoxing Zhao
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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36
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Vierci G, Pannunzio B, Bornia N, Rossi FM. H3 and H4 Lysine Acetylation Correlates with Developmental and Experimentally Induced Adult Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:49-64. [PMID: 27891053 PMCID: PMC5117113 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s39888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone posttranslational modifications play a fundamental role in orchestrating gene expression. In this work, we analyzed the acetylation of H3 and H4 histones (AcH3-AcH4) and its modulation by visual experience in the mouse visual cortex (VC) during normal development and in two experimental conditions that restore juvenile-like plasticity levels in adults (fluoxetine treatment and enriched environment). We found that AcH3-AcH4 declines with age and is upregulated by treatments restoring plasticity in the adult. We also found that visual experience modulates AcH3-AcH4 in young and adult plasticity-restored mice but not in untreated ones. Finally, we showed that the transporter vGAT is downregulated in adult plasticity-restored models. In summary, we identified a dynamic regulation of AcH3-AcH4, which is associated with high plasticity levels and enhanced by visual experience. These data, along with recent ones, indicate H3-H4 acetylation as a central hub in the control of experience-dependent plasticity in the VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vierci
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Pannunzio
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Bornia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francesco M Rossi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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37
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Sun Y, Ikrar T, Davis MF, Gong N, Zheng X, Luo ZD, Lai C, Mei L, Holmes TC, Gandhi SP, Xu X. Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 Signaling Regulates Visual Cortical Plasticity. Neuron 2016; 92:160-173. [PMID: 27641496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Experience alters cortical networks through neural plasticity mechanisms. During a developmental critical period, the most dramatic consequence of occluding vision through one eye (monocular deprivation) is a rapid loss of excitatory synaptic inputs to parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory neurons in visual cortex. Subsequent cortical disinhibition by reduced PV cell activity allows for excitatory ocular dominance plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying critical period synaptic plasticity are unclear. Here we show that brief monocular deprivation during the critical period downregulates neuregulin-1(NRG1)/ErbB4 signaling in PV neurons, causing retraction of excitatory inputs to PV neurons. Exogenous NRG1 rapidly restores excitatory inputs onto deprived PV cells through downstream PKC-dependent activation and AMPA receptor exocytosis, thus enhancing PV neuronal inhibition to excitatory neurons. NRG1 treatment prevents the loss of deprived eye visual cortical responsiveness in vivo. Our findings reveal molecular, cellular, and circuit mechanisms of NRG1/ErbB4 in regulating the initiation of critical period visual cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA
| | - Taruna Ikrar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA
| | - Melissa F Davis
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Nian Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4265, USA
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Z David Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4265, USA
| | - Cary Lai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA
| | - Sunil P Gandhi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA.
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Abstract
Amblyopia is the condition in which reduced visual function exists despite full optical correction and an absence of observable ocular pathology. Investigation of the underlying neurology of this condition began in earnest around 40 years ago with the pioneering studies conducted by Hubel and Wiesel. Their early work on the impact of monocular deprivation and strabismus initiated what is now a rapidly developing field of cortical plasticity research. Although the monocular deprivation paradigm originated by Hubel and Wiesel remains a key experimental manipulation in studies of cortical plasticity, somewhat ironically, the neurology underlying the human conditions of strabismus and amblyopia that motivated this early work remains elusive. In this review, the authors combine contemporary research on plasticity and development with data from human and animal investigations of amblyopic populations to assess what is known and to reexamine some of the key assumptions about human amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Barrett
- Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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39
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Otx2-PNN Interaction to Regulate Cortical Plasticity. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7931693. [PMID: 26881132 PMCID: PMC4736602 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7931693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the environment to shape cortical function is at its highest during critical periods of postnatal development. In the visual cortex, critical period onset is triggered by the maturation of parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons, which gradually become surrounded by a specialized glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix: the perineuronal nets. Among the identified factors regulating cortical plasticity in the visual cortex, extracortical homeoprotein Otx2 is transferred specifically into parvalbumin interneurons and this transfer regulates both the onset and the closure of the critical period of plasticity for binocular vision. Here, we review the interaction between the complex sugars of the perineuronal nets and homeoprotein Otx2 and how this interaction regulates cortical plasticity during critical period and in adulthood.
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40
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Casey BJ, Glatt CE, Lee FS. Treating the Developing versus Developed Brain: Translating Preclinical Mouse and Human Studies. Neuron 2015; 86:1358-68. [PMID: 26087163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Behaviors and underlying brain circuits show characteristic changes across the lifespan that produce sensitive windows of vulnerability and resilience to psychopathology. Understanding the developmental course of these changes may inform which treatments are best at what ages. Focusing on behavioral domains and neurobiological substrates conserved from mouse to human supports reciprocal hypothesis generation and testing that leverages the strengths of each system in understanding their development. Introducing human genetic variants into mice can further define effects of individual variation on normative development, how they contribute to risk and resilience for mental illness, and inform personalized treatment opportunities. This article emphasizes the period of adolescence, when there is a peak in the emergence of mental illness, anxiety disorders in particular. We present cross-species studies relating fear learning to anxiety across development and discuss how clinical treatments can be optimized for individuals and targeted to the biological states of the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Casey
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles E Glatt
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francis S Lee
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Dorfman D, Aranda ML, Rosenstein RE. Enriched Environment Protects the Optic Nerve from Early Diabetes-Induced Damage in Adult Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136637. [PMID: 26312758 PMCID: PMC4552300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of reduced visual acuity and acquired blindness. Axoglial alterations of the distal (close to the chiasm) optic nerve (ON) could be the first structural change of the visual pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. We analyzed the effect of environmental enrichment on axoglial alterations of the ON provoked by experimental diabetes. For this purpose, three days after vehicle or STZ injection, animals were housed in enriched environment (EE) or remained in a standard environment (SE) for 6 weeks. Anterograde transport, retinal morphology, optic nerve axons (toluidine blue staining and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy immunoreactivity), microglia/macrophages (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactivity), astrocyte reactivity (glial fibrillary acid protein-immunostaining), myelin (myelin basic protein immunoreactivity), ultrastructure, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed in non-diabetic and diabetic animals housed in SE or EE. No differences in retinal morphology or retinal ganglion cell number were observed among groups. EE housing which did not affect the STZ-induced weight loss and hyperglycemia, prevented a decrease in the anterograde transport from the retina to the superior colliculus, ON axon number, and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy immunoreactivity. Moreover, EE housing prevented an increase in Iba-1 immunoreactivity, and astrocyte reactivity, as well as ultrastructural myelin alterations in the ON distal portion at early stages of diabetes. In addition, EE housing avoided a decrease in BDNF levels induced by experimental diabetes. These results suggest that EE induced neuroprotection in the diabetic visual pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Dorfman
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos L. Aranda
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth E. Rosenstein
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Miller GM, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Sugar-dependent modulation of neuronal development, regeneration, and plasticity by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Exp Neurol 2015; 274:115-25. [PMID: 26315937 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) play important roles in the developing and mature nervous system, where they guide axons, maintain stable connections, restrict synaptic plasticity, and prevent axon regeneration following CNS injury. The chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS GAG) chains that decorate CSPGs are essential for their functions. Through these sugar chains, CSPGs are able to bind and regulate the activity of a diverse range of proteins. CSPGs have been found both to promote and inhibit neuronal growth. They can promote neurite outgrowth by binding to various growth factors such as midkine (MK), pleiotrophin (PTN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other neurotrophin family members. CSPGs can also inhibit neuronal growth and limit plasticity by interacting with transmembrane receptors such as protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ), leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, and the Nogo receptors 1 and 3 (NgR1 and NgR3). These CS-protein interactions depend on specific sulfation patterns within the CS GAG chains, and accordingly, particular CS sulfation motifs are upregulated during development, in the mature nervous system, and in response to CNS injury. Thus, spatiotemporal regulation of CS GAG biosynthesis may provide an important mechanism to control the functions of CSPGs and to modulate intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we will discuss these sulfation-dependent processes and highlight how the CS sugars on CSPGs contribute to neuronal growth, axon guidance, and plasticity in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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43
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Lantz CL, Sipe GO, Wong EL, Majewska AK, Medina AE. Effects of Developmental Alcohol Exposure on Potentiation and Depression of Visual Cortex Responses. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1434-42. [PMID: 26108422 PMCID: PMC4515209 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal plasticity deficits are thought to underlie abnormal neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and in animal models of this condition. Previously, we found that alcohol exposure during a period that is similar to the last months of gestation in humans disrupts ocular dominance plasticity (ODP), as measured in superficial cortical layers. We hypothesize that exposure to alcohol can differentially affect the potentiation and depression of responses that are necessary for activity-dependent sprouting and pruning of neuronal networks. ODP is an established paradigm that allows the assessment of activity-dependent depression and potentiation of responses in vivo. METHODS Mouse pups were exposed to 3.6 to 5 g/kg of ethanol in saline daily or every other day between postnatal days 4 and 9. Visual cortex plasticity was then assessed during the critical period for ODP using 2 techniques that separately record in layers 4 (visually evoked potentials [VEPs]) and 2/3 (optical imaging of intrinsic signals [OI]). RESULTS We discovered a layer-specific effect of early alcohol exposure. Recording of VEPs from layer 4 showed that while the potentiation component of ODP was disrupted in animals treated with alcohol when compared with saline controls, the depression component of ODP (Dc-ODP) was unaltered. In contrast, OI from layers 2/3 showed that Dc-ODP was markedly disrupted in alcohol-treated animals when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Combined with our previous work, these findings strongly suggest that developmental alcohol exposure has a distinct and layer-specific effect on the potentiation and depression of cortical responses after monocular deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Lantz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Grayson O Sipe
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Elissa L Wong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Alexandre E Medina
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ruiz-Perera L, Muniz M, Vierci G, Bornia N, Baroncelli L, Sale A, Rossi FM. Fluoxetine increases plasticity and modulates the proteomic profile in the adult mouse visual cortex. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26205348 PMCID: PMC4513348 DOI: 10.1038/srep12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarce functional recovery of the adult CNS following injuries or diseases is largely due to its reduced potential for plasticity, the ability to reorganize neural connections as a function of experience. Recently, some new strategies restoring high levels of plasticity in the adult brain have been identified, especially in the paradigmatic model of the visual system. A chronic treatment with the anti-depressant fluoxetine reinstates plasticity in the adult rat primary visual cortex, inducing recovery of vision in amblyopic animals. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain largely unknown. Here, we explored fluoxetine effects on mouse visual cortical plasticity, and exploited a proteomic approach to identify possible candidates mediating the outcome of the antidepressant treatment on adult cortical plasticity. We showed that fluoxetine restores ocular dominance plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex, and identified 31 differentially expressed protein spots in fluoxetine-treated animals vs. controls. MALDITOF/TOF mass spectrometry identification followed by bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins are involved in the control of cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis, molecular transport, intracellular signaling, redox cellular state, metabolism and protein degradation. Altogether, these results indicate a complex effect of fluoxetine on neuronal signaling mechanisms potentially involved in restoring plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruiz-Perera
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Muniz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Vierci
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N Bornia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Sale
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - F M Rossi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Nys J, Scheyltjens I, Arckens L. Visual system plasticity in mammals: the story of monocular enucleation-induced vision loss. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:60. [PMID: 25972788 PMCID: PMC4412011 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The groundbreaking work of Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960’s on ocular dominance plasticity instigated many studies of the visual system of mammals, enriching our understanding of how the development of its structure and function depends on high quality visual input through both eyes. These studies have mainly employed lid suturing, dark rearing and eye patching applied to different species to reduce or impair visual input, and have created extensive knowledge on binocular vision. However, not all aspects and types of plasticity in the visual cortex have been covered in full detail. In that regard, a more drastic deprivation method like enucleation, leading to complete vision loss appears useful as it has more widespread effects on the afferent visual pathway and even on non-visual brain regions. One-eyed vision due to monocular enucleation (ME) profoundly affects the contralateral retinorecipient subcortical and cortical structures thereby creating a powerful means to investigate cortical plasticity phenomena in which binocular competition has no vote.In this review, we will present current knowledge about the specific application of ME as an experimental tool to study visual and cross-modal brain plasticity and compare early postnatal stages up into adulthood. The structural and physiological consequences of this type of extensive sensory loss as documented and studied in several animal species and human patients will be discussed. We will summarize how ME studies have been instrumental to our current understanding of the differentiation of sensory systems and how the structure and function of cortical circuits in mammals are shaped in response to such an extensive alteration in experience. In conclusion, we will highlight future perspectives and the clinical relevance of adding ME to the list of more longstanding deprivation models in visual system research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nys
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
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Helmbrecht MS, Soellner H, Castiblanco-Urbina MA, Winzeck S, Sundermeier J, Theis FJ, Fouad K, Huber AB. A critical period for postnatal adaptive plasticity in a model of motor axon miswiring. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123643. [PMID: 25874621 PMCID: PMC4395312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct wiring of neuronal circuits is of crucial importance for precise neuromuscular functionality. Therefore, guidance cues provide tight spatiotemporal control of axon growth and guidance. Mice lacking the guidance cue Semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) display very specific axon wiring deficits of motor neurons in the medial aspect of the lateral motor column (LMCm). While these deficits have been investigated extensively during embryonic development, it remained unclear how Sema3F mutant mice cope with these errors postnatally. We therefore investigated whether these animals provide a suitable model for the exploration of adaptive plasticity in a system of miswired neuronal circuitry. We show that the embryonically developed wiring deficits in Sema3F mutants persist until adulthood. As a consequence, these mutants display impairments in motor coordination that improve during normal postnatal development, but never reach wildtype levels. These improvements in motor coordination were boosted to wildtype levels by housing the animals in an enriched environment starting at birth. In contrast, a delayed start of enriched environment housing, at 4 weeks after birth, did not similarly affect motor performance of Sema3F mutants. These results, which are corroborated by neuroanatomical analyses, suggest a critical period for adaptive plasticity in neuromuscular circuitry. Interestingly, the formation of perineuronal nets, which are known to close the critical period for plastic changes in other systems, was not altered between the different housing groups. However, we found significant changes in the number of excitatory synapses on limb innervating motor neurons. Thus, we propose that during the early postnatal phase, when perineuronal nets have not yet been formed around spinal motor neurons, housing in enriched environment conditions induces adaptive plasticity in the motor system by the formation of additional synaptic contacts, in order to compensate for coordination deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela S. Helmbrecht
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Soellner
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria A. Castiblanco-Urbina
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Winzeck
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Sundermeier
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute for Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Karim Fouad
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrea B. Huber
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zoccolan D. Invariant visual object recognition and shape processing in rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 285:10-33. [PMID: 25561421 PMCID: PMC4383365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Invariant visual object recognition is the ability to recognize visual objects despite the vastly different images that each object can project onto the retina during natural vision, depending on its position and size within the visual field, its orientation relative to the viewer, etc. Achieving invariant recognition represents such a formidable computational challenge that is often assumed to be a unique hallmark of primate vision. Historically, this has limited the invasive investigation of its neuronal underpinnings to monkey studies, in spite of the narrow range of experimental approaches that these animal models allow. Meanwhile, rodents have been largely neglected as models of object vision, because of the widespread belief that they are incapable of advanced visual processing. However, the powerful array of experimental tools that have been developed to dissect neuronal circuits in rodents has made these species very attractive to vision scientists too, promoting a new tide of studies that have started to systematically explore visual functions in rats and mice. Rats, in particular, have been the subjects of several behavioral studies, aimed at assessing how advanced object recognition and shape processing is in this species. Here, I review these recent investigations, as well as earlier studies of rat pattern vision, to provide an historical overview and a critical summary of the status of the knowledge about rat object vision. The picture emerging from this survey is very encouraging with regard to the possibility of using rats as complementary models to monkeys in the study of higher-level vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zoccolan
- Visual Neuroscience Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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Campana G, Camilleri R, Pavan A, Veronese A, Lo Giudice G. Improving visual functions in adult amblyopia with combined perceptual training and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS): a pilot study. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1402. [PMID: 25538653 PMCID: PMC4260493 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amblyopia is a visual disorder due to an abnormal pattern of functional connectivity of the visual cortex and characterized by several visual deficits of spatial vision including impairments of visual acuity (VA) and of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). Despite being a developmental disorder caused by reduced visual stimulation during early life (critical period), several studies have shown that extensive visual perceptual training can improve VA and CSF in people with amblyopia even in adulthood. With the present study we assessed whether a much shorter perceptual training regime, in association with high-frequency transcranial electrical stimulation (hf-tRNS), was able to improve visual functions in a group of adult participants with amblyopia. Results show that, in comparison with previous studies where a large number sessions with a similar training regime were used (Polat et al., 2004), here just eight sessions of training in contrast detection under lateral masking conditions combined with hf-tRNS, were able to substantially improve VA and CSF in adults with amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Campana
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova Padova, Italy ; Human Inspired Technologies Research Centre, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Rebecca Camilleri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Pavan
- Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Universität Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
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49
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Nakamori T, Sato K, Kinoshita M, Kanamatsu T, Sakagami H, Tanaka K, Ohki-Hamazaki H. Positive feedback of NR2B-containing NMDA receptor activity is the initial step toward visual imprinting: a model for juvenile learning. J Neurochem 2014; 132:110-23. [PMID: 25270582 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting in chicks is a good model for elucidating the processes underlying neural plasticity changes during juvenile learning. We recently reported that neural activation of a telencephalic region, the core region of the hyperpallium densocellulare (HDCo), was critical for success of visual imprinting, and that N-Methyl-D-aspartic (NMDA) receptors containing the NR2B subunit (NR2B/NR1) in this region were essential for imprinting. Using electrophysiological and multiple-site optical imaging techniques with acute brain slices, we found that long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhancement of NR2B/NR1 currents in HDCo neurons were induced in imprinted chicks. Enhancement of NR2B/NR1 currents as well as an increase in surface NR2B expression occurred even following a brief training that was too weak to induce LTP or imprinting behavior. This means that NR2B/NR1 activation is the initial step of learning, well before the activation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors which induces LTP. We also showed that knockdown of NR2B/NR1 inhibited imprinting, and inversely, increasing the surface NR2B expression by treatment with a casein kinase 2 inhibitor successfully reduced training time required for imprinting. These results suggest that imprinting stimuli activate post-synaptic NR2B/NR1 in HDCo cells, increase NR2B/NR1 signaling through up-regulation of its expression, and induce LTP and memory acquisition. The study investigated the neural mechanism underlying juvenile learning. In the initial stage of chick imprinting, NMDA receptors containing the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) are activated, surface expression of NR2B/NR1 (NMDA receptor subunit 1) is up-regulated, and consequently long-term potentiation is induced in the telencephalic neurons. We suggest that the positive feedback in the NR2B/NR1 activation is a unique process of juvenile learning, exhibiting rapid memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Nakamori
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Human Frontier Science Program, Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Human Health, Komazawa Women's University, Inagi, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Medini P. Experience-dependent plasticity of visual cortical microcircuits. Neuroscience 2014; 278:367-84. [PMID: 25171791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent decade testified a tremendous increase in our knowledge on how cell-type-specific microcircuits process sensory information in the neocortex and on how such circuitry reacts to manipulations of the sensory environment. Experience-dependent plasticity has now been investigated with techniques endowed with cell resolution during both postnatal development and in adult animals. This review recapitulates the main recent findings in the field using mainly the primary visual cortex as a model system to highlight the more important questions and physiological principles (such as the role of non-competitive mechanisms, the role of inhibition in excitatory cell plasticity, the functional importance of spine and axonal plasticity on a microscale level). I will also discuss on which scientific problems the debate and controversies are more pronounced. New technologies that allow to perturbate cell-type-specific subcircuits will certainly shine new light in the years to come at least on some of the still open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Medini
- Institutionen för Molekylärbiologi, and Institutionen för Integrativ Medicinsk Biologi (IMB), Fysiologi Avdelning, Umeå Universitet, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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