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Sekundo C, Frese C, Alich N, Langowski E, Awounvo S, Wolff D, Zenthöfer A. Very old age impacts masticatory performance: a study among sexagenarians to centenarians. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:349. [PMID: 38822870 PMCID: PMC11144126 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional pilot study evaluated the impact of age on masticatory performance among individuals aged 65 to 106 years, as part of the Heidelberg Dental Centenarian Study (HD-100Z) conducted in South-Western Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 31 centenarians were recruited, alongside 31 individuals each from the age groups 75-99 and 65-74, matched based on sex, prosthetic status, and number of teeth. Masticatory performance was assessed using a two-colored chewing gum test and digital image processing. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of age, sex, number of teeth, type of prosthesis on the masticatory performance. RESULTS Masticatory performance, as measured by the standard deviation of hue in the chewing gum test, decreased significantly in centenarians compared to individuals aged 75-99 years (-0.112, p = 0.037) and those aged 65-74 years (-0.274, p < 0.001). The effects of sex, number of teeth, and type of prosthesis on masticatory performance were not significant associations (p ≥ 0.135). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that age may have a significant influence on masticatory performance in the studied age groups, challenging previous notions that aging itself has little impact on masticatory ability. The inclusion of centenarians in the study highlights the need for further investigation into masticatory function in age groups reaching up to 100 years or more. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study contributes to the understanding of how ageing affects oral function, which may guide dental treatment approaches for older individuals, and set the stage for more in-depth investigations in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sekundo
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Frese
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Alich
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Langowski
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sinclair Awounvo
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Wolff
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zenthöfer
- Heidelberg University, Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Esmaeili A, Ebrahimpour S, Hefshejani KF, Esmaeili A. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of tooth shortening on memory dysfunction in Wistar male rat. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 159:105878. [PMID: 38171058 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of molar tooth shortening on the mRNA expression of the AβPP/BACE1, BDNF/TrkB, and Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathways in the Wistar male rat hippocampal regions. DESIGN Four groups (n = 5 per group) of male Wistar rats (control, SRM (shortened right molar), SLM (shortened left molar), and SBM (shortened bilateral molar)) were used. RNA was isolated from the hippocampus and transformed into cDNA. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of AβPP, BACE1, Bax, Bcl-2, BDNF, and TrkB. RESULTS Differential mRNA expression was observed in rat groups. SBM significantly upregulated the AβPP, BACE1, and Bax mRNA expressions, whereas the expression levels of Bcl-2, BDNF, and TrkB were decreased. SRM and SLM approximately had the same effect on the expression enhancement of AβPP, BACE1, and Bax; however, SRM was more effective than SLM in increasing the expression of these genes. CONCLUSIONS Symmetrical molar teeth shortening affected the mRNA expression of AβPP and BACE1, which is related to learning and memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeili
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Ebrahimpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Ochi S, Yamada K, Saito T, Saido TC, Iinuma M, Azuma K, Kubo KY. Effects of early tooth loss on chronic stress and progression of neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in adult Alzheimer's model AppNL-G-F mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1361847. [PMID: 38469162 PMCID: PMC10925668 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1361847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, aggregated phosphorylated tau protein, gliosis-associated neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. Many cohort studies indicate that tooth loss is a risk factor for AD. The detailed mechanisms underlying the association between AD and tooth loss, however, are not yet fully understood. Methods We explored the involvement of early tooth loss in the neuropathogenesis of the adult AppNL-G-F mouse AD model. The maxillary molars were extracted bilaterally in 1-month-old male mice soon after tooth eruption. Results Plasma corticosterone levels were increased and spatial learning memory was impaired in these mice at 6 months of age. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD mice with extracted teeth showed an increased accumulation of Aβ plaques and phosphorylated tau proteins, and increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), accompanied by an increased number of microglia and astrocytes, and decreased synaptophysin expression. AD mice with extracted teeth also had a shorter lifespan than the control mice. Discussion These findings revealed that long-term tooth loss is a chronic stressor, activating the recruitment of microglia and astrocytes; exacerbating neuroinflammation, Aβ deposition, phosphorylated tau accumulation, and synaptic dysfunction; and leading to spatial learning and memory impairments in AD model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuko Ochi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yamada
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Iinuma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Kagaku Azuma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kin-Ya Kubo
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
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Takahashi T, Hatta K, Ikebe K. Risk factors of cognitive impairment: Impact of decline in oral function. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:203-208. [PMID: 38152385 PMCID: PMC10751745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and subsequent dementia are the major causes of disability and need for nursing care among older people in worldwide. The purpose is to review well-known risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia, focusing on the relationship between decline in oral function and current prevention strategies. Various non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors are related to cognitive impairment. Effects of oral function to cognitive impairment is not yet well recognized in the medical community, although masticatory function, occlusal force, and number of teeth have been reported to be related to cognitive function. Furthermore, occlusal force rather than number of teeth was significantly related to the early stages of cognitive impairment, and that a decline in occlusal force seemed to lead to cognitive impairment directly and indirectly through dietary intake. This relationship was significant only for occlusal force, which may be associated with the early stages of cognitive decline. Nutritional change caused by reduced masticatory function is suggested as a possible explanation. Therefore, rehabilitation or maintenance of oral function should be sought to prevent cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Takahashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kodai Hatta
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Yoo JE, Huh Y, Park SH, Han K, Park HS, Cho KH, Ahn JS, Jun SH, Nam GE. Association between Dental Diseases and Oral Hygiene Care and the Risk of Dementia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1924-1930.e3. [PMID: 37709259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of dental diseases and oral hygiene care with the risk of dementia. DESIGN Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a population-based study of individuals in the Korean National Health Insurance System. A total of 2,555,618 participants who underwent cardiovascular and dental screenings in 2008 were included. METHODS Dental diseases including periodontal diseases, dental caries, and tooth loss were assessed by dentists. Information on oral hygiene care, including professional dental cleaning and the frequency of tooth brushing, was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Study outcomes were all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). RESULTS Periodontal diseases [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.09], dental caries (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), and 8-14 missing teeth (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia. In contrast, either professional dental cleaning or frequent tooth brushing were associated with decreased risks of all-cause dementia (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89-0.93 each; aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.86 for both). The increased risks by dental diseases were reduced by oral hygiene care: periodontal diseases with professional dental cleaning (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.98) or tooth brushing ≥2 times/day (aHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00) and 1 to 7 missing teeth with professional dental cleaning (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.98) or tooth brushing ≥2 times/day (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.95). Consistent results were noted for AD and VaD and in various subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Periodontal disease, dental caries, and a high number of missing teeth were independently associated with a higher risk of dementia. Conversely, improved oral hygiene care, such as professional dental cleaning and frequent tooth brushing, may modify the risk of dementia associated with dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Huh
- Department of Family Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Ahn
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Jun
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Li L, Zhang Q, Yang D, Yang S, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Wang X, Zhao L, Liu Q, Lu Z, Zhou X, Gan Y, Wu C. Tooth loss and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1103052. [PMID: 37139053 PMCID: PMC10150074 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epidemiological studies have shown that tooth loss may be associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. However, some results do not show a significant association. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate this association. Methods Relevant cohort studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (up to May 2022), and the reference lists of retrieved articles. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were computed using a random-effects model (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I 2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg's and Egger's tests. Results Eighteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Original studies with 356,297 participants with an average follow-up of 8.6 years (ranging from 2 to 20 years) were included in this study. The pooled RRs of tooth loss on dementia and cognitive decline were 1.15 (95% CI: 1.10-1.20; P < 0.01, I 2 = 67.4%) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.14-1.26; P = 0.04, I 2 = 42.3%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed an increased association between tooth loss and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.23) and vascular dementia (VaD) (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06-1.47). The results of the subgroup analysis also showed that pooled RRs varied by geographic location, sex, use of dentures, number of teeth or edentulous status, dental assessment, and follow-up duration. None of the Begg's and Egger's tests or funnel plots showed evidence of publication bias. Discussion Tooth loss is associated with a significantly increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia, suggesting that adequate natural teeth are important for cognitive function in older adults. The likely mechanisms mostly suggested include nutrition, inflammation, and neural feedback, especially deficiency of several nutrients like vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sule Yang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Gan
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Ebrahimpour S, Esmaeili A, Esmaeili A, Sattari K, Forouzandeh Hafshejani K. Molar tooth shortening induces learning and memory impairment in Wistar rat. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1356-1366. [PMID: 34862999 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different patterns of molar crown loss and the association between symmetrical and asymmetrical shortening molar teeth with memory impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10) including control, SLM (shortened left molar), SRM (shortened right molar), and SBM (shortened bilateral molar) groups. Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance test (PAT) were performed to assess spatial and fear memory, respectively. Besides, histological assessment of hippocampus and gingival tissues was done. RESULTS In the MWM test, SBM and SLM groups had higher escape latency over training trials and spent less time in the target quadrant in the probe trial (p < 0.01). In the PAT, step-through latency was significantly reduced in three groups, and time spent in the dark compartment increased in SBM (p < 0.01) and SLM (p < 0.05) groups. In addition, each teeth shortening group indicated a reduction in density (p < 0.01) and thickness layer (p < 0.05) of pyramidal cells. Gingival was normal after shortening of the molar crown. CONCLUSIONS Different patterns of molar teeth shortening induced learning and memory impairment; however, symmetrical molar teeth shortening has more effects on memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ebrahimpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili
- School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kimiya Sattari
- School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Budală DG, Balcoș C, Armencia A, Virvescu DI, Lupu CI, Baciu ER, Vasluianu RI, Tatarciuc M, Luchian I. Does the Loss of Teeth Have an Impact on Geriatric Patients’ Cognitive Status? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062328. [PMID: 36983327 PMCID: PMC10058759 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant changes in the microstructure of the brain cause dementia and other mental declines associated with aging and disease. Although research has established a connection between oral health and dementia, the underlying pathologic mechanisms are still unknown. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate dentures’ impact on the cognitive state of geriatric patients. Material and methods: A total of 108 individuals seeking treatment at the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iasi, Romania, participated in the study, which ran from May 2022 to October 2022. Cognitive dysfunction was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. The acquired data were analyzed with IBM SPSS 26.0, and the p-value was set at 0.05. Results: The average value of the MMSE score was 21.81 ± 3.872. Differences between groups of wearer/non-wearer subjects were statistically significant for most of the questions in the questionnaire. Linear regression analysis showed that individuals with a high MMSE score have prosthodontic treatment. A decrease in the MMSE score is associated with a decrease in masticatory efficiency (B = 1.513, p = 0.268). Conclusions: This study provides further evidence that tooth loss is associated with worse cognitive performance. It is thus conceivable that the necessary effects can be achieved by increasing the efforts dedicated to preventing tooth loss in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gabriela Budală
- Department of Implantology, Removable Prostheses, Dental Prostheses Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carina Balcoș
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.T.); Tel.: +40-745-533-607 (C.B.); +40-726-687-830 (M.T.)
| | - Adina Armencia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragoș Ioan Virvescu
- Department of Odontology-Periodontology, Fixed Restorations, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Costin Iulian Lupu
- Department of Implantology, Removable Prostheses, Dental Prostheses Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Raluca Baciu
- Department of Implantology, Removable Prostheses, Dental Prostheses Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Ionela Vasluianu
- Department of Implantology, Removable Prostheses, Dental Prostheses Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Tatarciuc
- Department of Implantology, Removable Prostheses, Dental Prostheses Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.T.); Tel.: +40-745-533-607 (C.B.); +40-726-687-830 (M.T.)
| | - Ionuț Luchian
- Department of Odontology-Periodontology, Fixed Restorations, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Al-Manei K, Jia L, Al-Manei KK, Ndanshau EL, Grigoriadis A, Kumar A. Food Hardness Modulates Behavior, Cognition, and Brain Activation: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051168. [PMID: 36904167 PMCID: PMC10005610 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Food hardness is one of the dietary features that may impact brain functions. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effect of food hardness (hard food versus soft food diet) on behavior, cognition, and brain activation in animals and humans (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021254204). The search was conducted on 29 June 2022 using Medline (Ovid), Embase, and Web of Science databases. Data were extracted, tabulated by food hardness as an intervention, and summarized by qualitative synthesis. The SYRCLE and JBI tools were used to assess the risk of bias (RoB) of individual studies. Of the 5427 studies identified, 18 animal studies and 6 human studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. The RoB assessment indicated that 61% of animal studies had unclear risks, 11% had moderate risks, and 28% had low risks. All human studies were deemed to have a low risk of bias. The majority (48%) of the animal studies showed that a hard food diet improved behavioral task performance compared to soft food diets (8%). However, 44% of studies also showed no differential effects of food hardness on behavioral tests. It was also evident that certain regions of the brain were activated in response to changes in food hardness in humans, with a positive association between chewing hard food, cognition performance, and brain function. However, variations in the methodologies of the included studies hindered the meta-analysis execution. In conclusion, our findings highlight the beneficial effects of dietary food hardness on behavior, cognition, and brain function in both animals and humans, however, this effect may depend on several factors that require further understanding of the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Manei
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leming Jia
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kholod Khalil Al-Manei
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anastasios Grigoriadis
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Center for Geriatric Dentistry, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Kim MS, Han DH. Does reduced chewing ability efficiency influence cognitive function? Results of a 10-year national cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29270. [PMID: 35758356 PMCID: PMC9276352 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests that oral health can influence cognitive function during aging. However, it is currently unclear whether reduced masticatory efficiency influences cognitive impairment in longitudinal studies.This study sought to investigate the effects of reduced chewing ability on the incidence of cognitive impairment using national representative data from 10 years of follow-up in Korea. Among the 10,254 people recruited in 2006 (1st wave), 7568 with normal cognitive function were selected. The participants were followed up every 2 years. The number of participants followed up until the 6th wave was 5020 in 2016. Chewing ability and scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination were recorded using self-reported questionnaires. Risk factors for dementia taken from systematic literature reviews were used as covariates. We performed logistic regression and created general estimating equation models after controlling for all covariates to assess the relationship between chewing ability and cognitive decline. Decreased chewing function was associated with mild cognitive impairment after controlling for confounding variables.The odds ratio for cognitive impairment was about 1.28 times higher than in people with poor chewing function as in those with good chewing function. We identified changes in chewing function from the 1st wave to the 6th wave; the odds ratios were 2.21 (95% confidence interval = 1.90-2.58) in the good-poor group and 2.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.74-2.55) in the poor-poor group.We identified an impairment in cognitive function in the poor (poor-poor and good-poor) chewing ability group. Therefore, we have confirmed that reduced mastication efficiency may contribute to a deterioration in cognitive function. People with deteriorated chewing ability must be given additional attention to aid in the prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungdong University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang HL, Li FR, Chen PL, Cheng X, Mao C, Wu XB. Tooth Loss, Denture Use, and Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Older Adults: A Community Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:180-187. [PMID: 33674815 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the associations of tooth loss and denture use with incident cognitive impairment is inconclusive in older adults, and few prospective studies have examined the potential interaction between tooth loss and denture use in these specific populations. METHODS Data were assessed from 17 079 cognitively normal older adults aged ≥65 years, participating in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The outcome of interest was cognitive impairment (assessed by the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination). The number of natural teeth and status of denture use were collected by a structural questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 6456 cases of cognitive impairment were recorded during 88 627 person-years of follow-up. We found that compared with participants with 20+ teeth, those with 10-19, 1-9, and 0 teeth had increased risks of incident cognitive impairment (p-trend < .001). Participants without dentures also had a higher risk of incident cognitive impairment, compared with those who wore dentures. Effect modification by denture use was observed (p-interaction = .010). Specifically, among those without dentures, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for participants with 10-19, 1-9, and 0 teeth were 1.19 (1.08, 1.30), 1.28 (1.17, 1.39), and 1.28 (1.16, 1.41), respectively, as compared to those with 20+ teeth. In contrary, among denture users, detrimental effect was only observed among those with 0 teeth (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.16, 1.41). CONCLUSIONS In Chinese older adults, maintaining 20+ teeth is important for cognitive health; denture use would attenuate the detrimental effects of tooth loss, especially for partial tooth loss, on cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lian Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Liang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Sohrabi M, Sahu B, Kaur H, Hasler WA, Prakash A, Combs CK. Gastrointestinal Changes and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:335-350. [PMID: 35718965 PMCID: PMC10497313 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220617121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a well-described mechanism of communication between the brain and gastrointestinal system in which both organs influence the function of the other. This bi-directional communication suggests that disease in either organ may affect function in the other. OBJECTIVE To assess whether the evidence supports gastrointestinal system inflammatory or degenerative pathophysiology as a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A review of both rodent and human studies implicating gastrointestinal changes in AD was performed. RESULTS Numerous studies indicate that AD changes are not unique to the brain but also occur at various levels of the gastrointestinal tract involving both immune and neuronal changes. In addition, it appears that numerous conditions and diseases affecting regions of the tract may communicate to the brain to influence disease. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal changes represent an overlooked aspect of AD, representing a more system influence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sohrabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Bijayani Sahu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Wendie A Hasler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Atish Prakash
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
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13
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Hedberg L, Ekman U, Nordin LE, Smedberg JI, Skott P, Seiger Å, Sandborgh-Englund G, Westman E, Kumar A, Trulsson M. Cognitive changes and neural correlates after oral rehabilitation procedures in older adults: a protocol for an interventional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:297. [PMID: 34107933 PMCID: PMC8191046 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies show an association between masticatory function and cognitive impairment. This has further strengthened the notion that tooth loss and impaired masticatory function may be risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline. Animal experiments have indicated a causal relationship and several possible mechanisms have been discussed. This evidence is, however, lacking in humans. Therefore, in the current interventional study, we aim to investigate the effect of rehabilitation of masticatory function on cognition in older adults. METHODS Eighty patients indicated for prosthodontic rehabilitation will be randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. Participants will conduct neuropsychological assessments, masticatory performance tests, saliva tests, optional magnetic resonance imaging, and answer questionnaires on oral health impact profiles and hospital anxiety and depression scale before, 3 months, and 1 year after oral rehabilitation. The difference between the two groups is that the control group will be tested an additional time, (at an interval of about 3 months) before the onset of the oral rehabilitation procedure. The primary outcome is a change in measures of episodic memory performance. DISCUSSION Although tooth loss and masticatory function are widespread in older people, it is still an underexplored modifiable risk factor potentially contributing to the development of cognitive impairment. If rehabilitation of masticatory function shows positive effects on the neurocognitive function, this will have great implications on future health care for patients with impaired masticatory status. The present project may provide a new avenue for the prevention of cognitive decline in older individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol for the study was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04458207, dated 02-07-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Hedberg
- Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Urban Ekman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Love Engström Nordin
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Diagnostic Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Ivan Smedberg
- Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pia Skott
- Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Seiger
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sandborgh-Englund
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Mats Trulsson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
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14
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de Siqueira Mendes FDCC, Paixão LTVB, Diniz DG, Anthony DC, Brites D, Diniz CWP, Sosthenes MCK. Sedentary Life and Reduced Mastication Impair Spatial Learning and Memory and Differentially Affect Dentate Gyrus Astrocyte Subtypes in the Aged Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:632216. [PMID: 33935629 PMCID: PMC8081835 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.632216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the impact of reduced mastication and a sedentary lifestyle on spatial learning and memory in the aged mice, as well as on the morphology of astrocytes in the molecular layer of dentate gyrus (MolDG), different masticatory regimens were imposed. Control mice received a pellet-type hard diet, while the reduced masticatory activity group received a pellet diet followed by a powdered diet, and the masticatory rehabilitation group received a pellet diet, followed by powder diet and then a pellet again. To mimic sedentary or active lifestyles, mice were housed in an impoverished environment of standard cages or in an enriched environment. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test showed that masticatory-deprived group, regardless of environment, was not able to learn and remember the hidden platform location, but masticatory rehabilitation combined with enriched environment recovered such disabilities. Microscopic three-dimensional reconstructions of 1,800 glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunolabeled astrocytes from the external third of the MolDG were generated using a stereological systematic and random sampling approach. Hierarchical cluster analysis allowed the characterization into two main groups of astrocytes with greater and lower morphological complexities, respectively, AST1 and AST2. When compared to compared to the hard diet group subjected to impoverished environment, deprived animals maintained in the same environment for 6 months showed remarkable shrinkage of astrocyte branches. However, the long-term environmental enrichment (18-month-old) applied to the deprived group reversed the shrinkage effect, with significant increase in the morphological complexity of AST1 and AST2, when in an impoverished or enriched environment. During housing under enriched environment, complexity of branches of AST1 and AST2 was reduced by the powder diet (pellet followed by powder regimes) in young but not in old mice, where it was reversed by pellet diet (pellet followed by powder and pellet regime again). The same was not true for mice housed under impoverished environment. Interestingly, we were unable to find any correlation between MWM data and astrocyte morphological changes. Our findings indicate that both young and aged mice subjected to environmental enrichment, and under normal or rehabilitated masticatory activity, preserve spatial learning and memory. Nonetheless, data suggest that an impoverished environment and reduced mastication synergize to aggravate age-related cognitive decline; however, the association with morphological diversity of AST1 and AST2 at the MolDG requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luisa Taynah Vasconcelos Barbosa Paixão
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daniel Clive Anthony
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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15
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Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Lazzarini G, De Cicco V, Briganti A, Argento S, De Cicco D, Barresi M, Cataldo E, Bruschini L, d'Ascanio P, Pirone A, Lenzi C, Vannozzi I, Miragliotta V, Faraguna U, Manzoni D. The path from trigeminal asymmetry to cognitive impairment: a behavioral and molecular study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4744. [PMID: 33637775 PMCID: PMC7910455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal input exerts acute and chronic effects on the brain, modulating cognitive functions. Here, new data from humans and animals suggest that these effects are caused by trigeminal influences on the Locus Coeruleus (LC). In humans subjects clenching with masseter asymmetric activity, occlusal correction improved cognition, alongside with reductions in pupil size and anisocoria, proxies of LC activity and asymmetry, respectively. Notably, reductions in pupil size at rest on the hypertonic side predicted cognitive improvements. In adult rats, a distal unilateral section of the trigeminal mandibular branch reduced, on the contralateral side, the expression of c-Fos (brainstem) and BDNF (brainstem, hippocampus, frontal cortex). This counterintuitive finding can be explained by the following model: teeth contact perception loss on the lesioned side results in an increased occlusal effort, which enhances afferent inputs from muscle spindles and posterior periodontal receptors, spared by the distal lesion. Such effort leads to a reduced engagement of the intact side, with a corresponding reduction in the afferent inputs to the LC and in c-Fos and BDNF gene expression. In conclusion, acute effects of malocclusion on performance seem mediated by the LC, which could also contribute to the chronic trophic dysfunction induced by loss of trigeminal input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Briganti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Argento
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide De Cicco
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Barresi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and CriticalCare Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola d'Ascanio
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Lenzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Vannozzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
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16
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Popovac A, Čelebić A, Peršić S, Stefanova E, Milić Lemić A, Stančić I. Oral Health Status and Nutritional Habits as Predictors for Developing Alzheimer's Disease. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:448-454. [PMID: 34348313 PMCID: PMC8562035 DOI: 10.1159/000518258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor oral health, mainly tooth loss, has been suggested to pose a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nature of this relationship can be explained by mastication deficit and nutritional status. Also, the influence of nutritional parameters on cognitive impairment has been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate whether poor dental status and nutrition habits can be potential separate or associated risk factors for development of the AD. METHODS The study sample included 116 patients with AD and 63 controls. Sociodemographic variables were investigated as factors potentially associated with AD. Dental examination included recording the number of natural teeth, presence of fixed or removable dentures, and the number of functional tooth units (FTUs). Nutritional status analysis included qualitative nutrition information, body mass index, serum albumin level, food consistency, and need for assistance in feeding. Regression analysis was used to investigate the predictors for development of AD. RESULTS Variables with significant differences between groups, which were analyzed by using the binary regression analysis, were marital status, residence, number of total FTUs (no matter whether the contacts were between natural teeth or dentures), eating meat/fish and fruits/vegetables, food consistency, and serum albumin level. Logistic regression analysis showed that being single/widowed/divorced, eating more meat/fish or fruit/vegetable, eating blended/mashed/liquid food, having low levels of serum albumin, and having less FTUs were significant predictors for developing dementia. CONCLUSION Having fewer occlusal contacts, consumption of soft food, and lower serum albumin levels can be considered as associated risk factors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Popovac
- Clinic for Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Asja Čelebić
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Peršić
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elka Stefanova
- Clinic for Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Milić Lemić
- Clinic for Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Aleksandra Milić Lemić,
| | - Ivica Stančić
- Clinic for Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Tan D, Foster S, Korgaonkar MS, Oxenham V, Whittle T, Klineberg I. The role of progressive oral implant rehabilitation in mastication, cognition and oral health‐related quality of life outcomes—A pilot to define the protocol. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:1368-1381. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation School of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Sheryl Foster
- School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Radiology Department Westmead Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
- School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Brain Dynamics Centre Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Vincent Oxenham
- Department of Psychology Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - Terry Whittle
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation School of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Iven Klineberg
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation School of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia
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18
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Delwel S, Maier AB, Parvaneh D, Meijers J, Scherder EJA, Lobbezoo F. Chewing Efficiency, Global Cognitive Functioning, and Dentition: A Cross-sectional Observational Study in Older People With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Mild to Moderate Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:225. [PMID: 33033478 PMCID: PMC7510165 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies suggest an association between poor mastication and cognitive impairment. The role of chewing efficiency and dentition in this relation is unclear. The aim was to examine global cognitive functioning and dentition as predictors for chewing efficiency, in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 136 people with MCI or dementia were included. The chewing efficiency was assessed with a two-colored chewing gum and analyzed with the Chewing Efficiency Analysis software. The level of global cognitive functioning was measured with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) by trained clinical staff. An oral examination was performed by a dentist and included the number of present teeth, the number of occluding pairs, and the presence of prostheses. Age, gender, and educational years were derived from the medical records. Univariate and multivariate backward stepwise linear regression analyses were used to evaluate global cognitive functioning and dentition as predictors for chewing efficiency. Results: The mean age of the participants was 82.1 (SD 5.8) years, and 74 (54.4%) were female. The participants had a median MMSE score of 22.4 (IQR 18.0–26.0) and a median Chewing Efficiency Analysis score of 0.46 (IQR 0.14–0.59). The median number of teeth was 13.0 (IQR 0.0–23.0), and the median number of occluding pairs was 0.0 (IQR 0.0–7.0). Sixty-four (47.4%) of the participants wore full prosthesis in the upper jaw. In univariate linear regression analyses, predictive factors for the Chewing Efficiency Analysis score were age, MMSE score, full prosthesis in the upper jaw, number of present teeth, and number of occluding pairs. In the multivariate model, full prosthesis in the upper jaw and number of occluding pairs were significant predictors for the Chewing Efficiency Analysis score. Participants with full prosthesis in the upper jaw had a lower Chewing Efficiency Analysis score than participants with natural dentition in the upper jaw. Conclusion: Better mastication is associated with a higher number of occluding pairs. Full prosthesis in the upper jaw is related to a lower chewing efficiency. Global cognitive functioning is not associated with mastication in older people with MCI or mild-to-moderate dementia. This might be explained by sufficient capacity for compensation of reduced mastication in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Delwel
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Donya Parvaneh
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J A Scherder
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Han JH, Lee HJ, Han JW, Suh SW, Lee JR, Byun S, Kim KS, Kim SY, Lee JT, Yoo E, Chang NH, Kim TH, Kim KW. Loss of Functional Dentition is Associated with Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:1313-1320. [PMID: 31929161 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tooth loss is known to increase the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, few studies have investigated the association between functional teeth including rehabilitated lost teeth and cognitive functionObjective:We investigated the associations of the numbers of functional teeth and functional occlusal units with cognitive impairment and cognitive function in late life. METHODS The current study was conducted as a part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD), a community-based elderly cohort study. We analyzed 411 participants who have agreed with the additional dental exam. Geriatric psychiatrists and neuropsychologists administered the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Assessment Packet Clinical and Neuropsychological Assessment Battery to all participants, and dentists examined their dental status. RESULTS Higher number of functional teeth (OR = 0.955, 95% CI = 0.914-0.997, p = 0.037) and higher number of functional occlusal units (OR = 0.900, 95% CI = 0.813-0.996, p = 0.042) were associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment. When we analyzed these relationships separated by the location of teeth, only the numbers of functional teeth (OR = 0.566, 95% CI = 0.373-0.857, p = 0.007) and functional occlusal units (OR = 0.399, 95% CI = 0.213-0.748, p = 0.004) in the premolar area were associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Loss of functional teeth and functional occlusal units (especially in the premolar region) were associated with increased cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Wan Suh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Seonjeong Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Keun Suh Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Yeol Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung-Tae Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Dankook University College of Dentistry Jukjeon Dental Hospital, Yongin, Korea
| | - Eunha Yoo
- Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Na-Hee Chang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,National Institute of Dementia, Seongnam, Korea
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20
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Hatta K, Gondo Y, Kamide K, Masui Y, Inagaki H, Nakagawa T, Matsuda KI, Inomata C, Takeshita H, Mihara Y, Fukutake M, Kitamura M, Murakami S, Kabayama M, Ishizaki T, Arai Y, Sugimoto K, Rakugi H, Maeda Y, Ikebe K. Occlusal force predicted cognitive decline among 70- and 80-year-old Japanese: A 3-year prospective cohort study. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 64:175-181. [PMID: 31685341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dementia is a growing health problem for countries with aging populations, but few effective dementia treatments are available. However, there is increasing interest in oral health as a modifiable risk factor in interventions to prevent cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the impact of oral health on the decline of cognitive function over 3 years among Japanese people aged 70 and 80 years. METHODS Participants (n = 860) were community-dwelling older adults who participated in baseline and follow-up surveys (at baseline: 69-71 years n = 423; 79-81 years, n = 437). Registered dentists examined the number of teeth, number of functional teeth, number of periodontal teeth, and occlusal force. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate cognitive function. We also evaluated socioeconomic factors, medical history, drinking and smoking habits, physical performance, genetic factors, and C-reactive protein concentration in blood. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to examine how oral health at baseline influenced cognitive decline over 3 years. RESULTS The GEE showed that the number of teeth (non-standardized coefficient: B = 0.031, p = 0.022) and occlusal force (B = 0.103, p = 0.004) at baseline were associated with cognitive function at follow-up, even after adjusting for other risk factors. Furthermore, maintaining more teeth (B = 0.009, p = 0.004) and a stronger occlusal force (B = 0.020, p = 0.040) buffered cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS Number of teeth and occlusal force predict cognitive decline over 3 subsequent years in Japanese older adults aged 70 and 80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Hatta
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, Department of Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Osaka University Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakagawa
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Moriokamachi, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsuda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chisato Inomata
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Takeshita
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mihara
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Fukutake
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Osaka University Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishizaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Sinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Ki S, Yun J, Kim J, Lee Y. Association Between Dental Implants and Cognitive Function in Community-dwelling Older Adults in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:333-343. [PMID: 31588703 PMCID: PMC6780296 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental implants and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Data were collected from the baseline survey (2016-2017) of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The study sample comprised 1115 community-dwelling people aged 70 years to 84 years who had 0-19 natural teeth. Dental implants and natural teeth were identified by panoramic radiography, while the cognitive function was assessed by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). The association between dental implants and cognitive function was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test for potential bias. Results The mean number of natural teeth in the study population was 9.50 (standard deviation [SD], 6.42), and the mean MMSE-KC score was 24.93 (SD, 3.55). In the simple univariate analysis, tooth replacement, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, osteoporosis, number of natural teeth, periodontitis, chewing discomfort, tooth-brushing frequency, education level, monthly household income, participation in economic activity, living alone, and marital status had a significant impact on the association. After adjusting for confounders, the association between dental implants and cognitive function remained significant (B, 0.85; standard error, 0.40; p<0.05). Age, body mass index, periodontitis, tooth-brushing frequency, and education level were also significantly associated with cognitive function. The results of the sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Conclusions Dental implants were associated with cognitive function in older adults living in the community. Dental implants as tooth replacements may play a role in preserving cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkook Ki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jihye Yun
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
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22
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Chen FJ, Liu B, Wu Q, Liu J, Xu YY, Zhou SY, Shi JS. Icariin Delays Brain Aging in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Model via Inhibiting Autophagy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:121-128. [PMID: 30837279 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.253310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), a major flavonoid extracted from the Chinese tonic herb Epimedium, exerts beneficial effects in a variety of age-dependent diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the antiaging mechanisms remain unclear. The senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) model has been used to study age-related neurodegenerative changes associated with aging and the pathogenesis of AD. Hence, the current study was designed to examine the effect of ICA on age-related cognitive decline in SAMP8 mice and explore the role of autophagy in the ICA-mediated neuroprotection. SAMP8 mice were administered with ICA starting at 5 months of age, and the treatment lasted for 3 consecutive months. Morris water maze was used to evaluate cognitive function. The senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining was used to determine the number of senescence cells. The neuronal morphologic changes were examined via Nissl staining. The hippocampal neuronal ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of autophagy protein was examined by Western blot. ICA-treated SAMP8 mice exhibited a robust improvement in spatial learning and memory function. Meanwhile, ICA reduced the number of senescence cells in the brains of SAMP8 mice, inhibited neuronal loss, and reversed neuronal structural changes in the hippocampi of SAMP8 mice. Moreover, ICA treatment also decreased the formation of autophagosomes in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, and reduced the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and p62. These results demonstrate that ICA possesses the ability to delay brain aging in SAMP8 mice, and the mechanisms are possibly mediated through the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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23
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Cardoso MG, Diniz‐Freitas M, Vázquez P, Cerqueiro S, Diz P, Limeres J. Relationship between functional masticatory units and cognitive impairment in elderly persons. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:417-423. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica G. Cardoso
- Department of Dental Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesCESPU Paredes Portugal
| | - Márcio Diniz‐Freitas
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Paula Vázquez
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Sandra Cerqueiro
- Assisted Living for the Elderly of Oleiros Government of Galicia (Residencia Asistida de Mayores de Oleiros, Xunta of Galicia) Oleiros Spain
| | - Pedro Diz
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
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24
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Weijenberg RAF, Delwel S, Ho BV, van der Maarel-Wierink CD, Lobbezoo F. Mind your teeth-The relationship between mastication and cognition. Gerodontology 2018; 36:2-7. [PMID: 30480331 PMCID: PMC7380285 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the multifactorial relationship between mastication and cognition, with a focus on dementia. Older persons, especially those with dementia, are at great risk of suffering from oral health problems such as orofacial pain and loss of natural teeth. A possible explanation could be that the cognitive and motor impairments resulting from dementia cause a decrease in self‐care and as such, a worsening of oral health. An alternative explanation is that cognition and oral health influence each other. Animal studies show that a decrease in masticatory activity, for example, due to a soft diet or loss of teeth, causes memory loss and neuronal degeneration. The relationship between mastication and cognition has also been researched in human studies, but a cause‐effect relationship has not been proven. It is likely that multiple factors play a role in this relationship, such as self‐care, nutrition, stress and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane A F Weijenberg
- Oral Kinesiology, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Delwel
- Oral Kinesiology, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bach Van Ho
- Oral Kinesiology, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Oral Kinesiology, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Jou YT. Dental deafferentation and brain damage: A review and a hypothesis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:231-237. [PMID: 29655412 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, neurobiological and human brain imaging research have greatly advanced our understanding of brain mechanisms that support perception and memory, as well as their function in daily activities. Knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms behind the deafferentation of stomatognathic systems has also expanded greatly in recent decades. In particular, current studies reveal that the peripheral deafferentations of stomatognathic systems may be projected globally into the central nervous system (CNS) and become an associated critical factor in triggering and aggravating neurodegenerative diseases. This review explores basic neurobiological mechanisms associated with the deafferentation of stomatognathic systems. Further included is a discussion on tooth loss and other dental deafferentation (DD) mechanisms, with a focus on dental and masticatory apparatuses associated with brain functions and which may underlie the changes observed in the aging brain. A new hypothesis is presented where DD and changes in the functionality of teeth and the masticatory apparatus may cause brain damage as a result of altered cerebral circulation and dysfunctional homeostasis. Furthermore, multiple recurrent reorganizations of the brain may be a triggering or contributing risk factor in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing understanding of the association between DD and brain aging may lead to solutions in treating and preventing cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tai Jou
- Department of Endodontics School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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26
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De Cicco V, Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Cataldo E, Barresi M, Bruschini L, Faraguna U, Manzoni D. Trigeminal, Visceral and Vestibular Inputs May Improve Cognitive Functions by Acting through the Locus Coeruleus and the Ascending Reticular Activating System: A New Hypothesis. Front Neuroanat 2018; 11:130. [PMID: 29358907 PMCID: PMC5766640 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that sensory signals sustain the background discharge of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) which includes the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons and controls the level of attention and alertness. Moreover, LC neurons influence brain metabolic activity, gene expression and brain inflammatory processes. As a consequence of the sensory control of ARAS/LC, stimulation of a sensory channel may potential influence neuronal activity and trophic state all over the brain, supporting cognitive functions and exerting a neuroprotective action. On the other hand, an imbalance of the same input on the two sides may lead to an asymmetric hemispheric excitability, leading to an impairment in cognitive functions. Among the inputs that may drive LC neurons and ARAS, those arising from the trigeminal region, from visceral organs and, possibly, from the vestibular system seem to be particularly relevant in regulating their activity. The trigeminal, visceral and vestibular control of ARAS/LC activity may explain why these input signals: (1) affect sensorimotor and cognitive functions which are not directly related to their specific informational content; and (2) are effective in relieving the symptoms of some brain pathologies, thus prompting peripheral activation of these input systems as a complementary approach for the treatment of cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Cicco
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Integration, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria P Tramonti Fantozzi
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Integration, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Barresi
- Institut des Maladie Neurodégénératives, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Integration, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Integration, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Tramonti Fantozzi MP, De Cicco V, Barresi M, Cataldo E, Faraguna U, Bruschini L, Manzoni D. Short-Term Effects of Chewing on Task Performance and Task-Induced Mydriasis: Trigeminal Influence on the Arousal Systems. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:68. [PMID: 28848404 PMCID: PMC5550729 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal input to the ascending activating system is important for the maintenance of arousal and may affect the discharge of the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC), whose activity influences both vigilance state and pupil size, inducing mydriasis. For this reason, pupil size evaluation is now considered an indicator of LC activity. Since mastication activates trigeminal afferent neurons, the aims of the present study, conducted on healthy adult participants, were to investigate whether chewing a bolus of different hardness may: (1) differentially affect the performance on a cognitive task (consisting in the retrieval of specific target numbers within numerical matrices) and (2) increase the dilatation of the pupil (mydriasis) induced by a haptic task, suggesting a change in LC activation. Results show that chewing significantly increased both the velocity of number retrieval (without affecting the number of errors) and the mydriasis associated with the haptic task, whereas simple task repetition did not modify either retrieval or mydriasis. Handgrip exercise, instead, significantly decreased both parameters. Effects were significantly stronger and longer lasting when subjects chewed hard pellets. Finally, chewing-induced improvements in performance and changes in mydriasis were positively correlated, which suggests that trigeminal signals enhanced by chewing may boost the cognitive performance by increasing LC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Barresi
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | | | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Foundation Stella MarisPisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of PisaPisa, Italy
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28
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Association between Mastication, the Hippocampus, and the HPA Axis: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081687. [PMID: 28771175 PMCID: PMC5578077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastication is mainly involved in food intake and nutrient digestion with the aid of teeth. Mastication is also important for preserving and promoting general health, including hippocampus-dependent cognition. Both animal and human studies indicate that mastication influences hippocampal functions through the end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, glucocorticoid (GC). Epidemiologic studies suggest that masticatory dysfunction in aged individuals, such as that resulting from tooth loss and periodontitis, acting as a source of chronic stress, activates the HPA axis, leading to increases in circulating GCs and eventually inducing various physical and psychological diseases, such as cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disorders, and osteoporosis. Recent studies demonstrated that masticatory stimulation or chewing during stressful conditions suppresses the hyperactivity of the HPA axis via GCs and GC receptors within the hippocampus, and ameliorates chronic stress-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current research regarding the association between mastication, the hippocampus, and HPA axis activity. We also discuss several potential molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between mastication, hippocampal function, and HPA axis activity.
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29
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Kim EK, Lee SK, Choi YH, Tanaka M, Hirotsu K, Kim HC, Lee HK, Jung YS, Amano A. Relationship between chewing ability and cognitive impairment in the rural elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 70:209-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Tonsekar PP, Jiang SS, Yue G. Periodontal disease, tooth loss and dementia: Is there a link? A systematic review. Gerodontology 2017; 34:151-163. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi P. Tonsekar
- Department of Periodontics; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
| | - Shuying S. Jiang
- Institutional Assessment and Quality Improvement; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
| | - Gang Yue
- Department of Periodontics; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
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31
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Kubo KY, Murabayashi C, Kotachi M, Suzuki A, Mori D, Sato Y, Onozuka M, Azuma K, Iinuma M. Tooth loss early in life suppresses neurogenesis and synaptophysin expression in the hippocampus and impairs learning in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 74:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Shin HE, Cho MJ, Choi YH, Song KB. Evaluation of relationship between cognitive function and occlusal status in elderly individuals using the T-scan III® system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Shin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Cho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Bae Song
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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33
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Takeda Y, Oue H, Okada S, Kawano A, Koretake K, Michikawa M, Akagawa Y, Tsuga K. Molar loss and powder diet leads to memory deficit and modifies the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus of adult mice. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:81. [PMID: 27919226 PMCID: PMC5137215 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that tooth loss is known to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and soft diet feeding induces memory impairment. Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with tooth loss or soft diet in young animal model, and that BDNF expression is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, single or combined effect of tooth loss and/or soft diet on brain function has not fully understood. Here we examined the effect of molar loss and powder diet on memory ability and the expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus of adult C57BL/6J mice. Twenty eight-weeks-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into intact molar group and extracted molar group. They were randomly divided into the I/S group (Intact upper molar teeth/Solid diet feeding), the E/S group (Extracted upper molar teeth/Solid diet feeding), the I/P group (Intact upper molar teeth/Powder diet feeding), and the E/P group (Extracted upper molar teeth/Powder diet feeding). The observation periods were 4 and 16-week. To analyze the memory ability, the step-through passive avoidance test was conducted. BDNF-related mRNA in the hippocampus was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS At 4 weeks later, we performed memory test and isolated brains to analyze. There were no differences in memory function and BDNF mRNA level between these four groups. However, at 16 weeks later, E/S and E/P group showed memory impairment, and decreased level of BDNF mRNA. Whereas, the powder diet had no effect on memory function and BDNF mRNA level even at 16 weeks later. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the effect of molar loss and powder diet on memory function and BDNF mRNA levels were different, molar loss may have a greater long-term effect on memory ability than powder diet does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Takeda
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Oue
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Okada
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Kawano
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsunori Koretake
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Akagawa
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuga
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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Cerutti-Kopplin D, Feine J, Padilha D, de Souza R, Ahmadi M, Rompré P, Booij L, Emami E. Tooth Loss Increases the Risk of Diminished Cognitive Function. JDR Clin Trans Res 2016; 1:10-19. [DOI: 10.1177/2380084416633102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that oral health is associated with cognitive function. This review aims to systematically assess this association in adult populations via prospective cohort study designs. Eligible study reports were identified by searching the MEDLINE (via Ovoid), EMBASE, PsycoINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random effects model. From 1,251 identified articles, 10 were included in the systematic review and 8 in the meta-analysis. Random effects analysis showed, with statistically low heterogeneity, that individuals with suboptimal dentition (<20 teeth) were at a 20% higher risk for developing cognitive decline (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.40) and dementia (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.43) than those with optimal dentition (≥20 teeth). Studies on the association between periodontal disease and cognitive status showed conflicting results. Within the limits of the quality of published evidence, this meta-analysis lends further support to the hypothesis that tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Based on the published literature, the results of this study show that the risk for cognitive impairment and dementia increases with loss of teeth. This information adds to the evidence showing links between oral and general health and suggests that oral health strategies aimed to preserve teeth may be important in reducing risk of systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Cerutti-Kopplin
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J. Feine
- Oral Health Society Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - D.M. Padilha
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R.F. de Souza
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Ahmadi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - P. Rompré
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - L. Booij
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - E. Emami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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De Cicco V, Barresi M, Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Cataldo E, Parisi V, Manzoni D. Oral Implant-Prostheses: New Teeth for a Brighter Brain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148715. [PMID: 26919258 PMCID: PMC4771091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that chewing can be regarded as a preventive measure for cognitive impairment, whereas masticatory deficiency, associated with soft-diet feeding, is a risk factor for the development of dementia. At present the link between orofacial sensorimotor activity and cognitive functions is unknown. In subjects with unilateral molar loss we have shown asymmetries in both pupil size and masticatory muscles electromyographic (EMG) activity during clenching: the molar less side was characterized by a lower EMG activity and a smaller pupil. Since implant-prostheses, greatly reduced both the asymmetry in EMG activity and in pupil's size, trigeminal unbalance, leading to unbalance in the activity of the Locus Coeruleus (LC), may be responsible for the pupil's asymmetry. According to the findings obtained in animal models, we propose that the different activity of the right and left LC may induce an asymmetry in brain activity, thus leading to cognitive impairment. According to this hypothesis, prostheses improved the performance in a complex sensorimotor task and increased the mydriasis associated with haptic tasks. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the implant-prosthesis therapy, which reduces the unbalance of trigeminal proprioceptive afferents and the asymmetry in pupil's size, may improve arousal, boosting performance in a complex sensorimotor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Barresi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lin CS, Wu SY, Wu CY, Ko HW. Gray Matter Volume and Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Motor Cortex-Cerebellum Network Reflect the Individual Variation in Masticatory Performance in Healthy Elderly People. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:247. [PMID: 26779015 PMCID: PMC4703716 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have consistently identified brain activation in the motor area and the cerebellum during chewing. In this study, we further investigated the structural and functional brain signature associated with masticatory performance, which is a widely used index for evaluating overall masticatory function in the elderly. Twenty-five healthy elderly participants underwent oral examinations, masticatory performance tests, and behavioral assessments, including the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument and the short-form Geriatric Depression Scale. Masticatory performance was assessed with the validated colorimetric method, using color-changeable chewing gum. T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state function MRI were performed. We analyzed alterations in gray matter volume (GMV) using voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between brain regions using the seed-based method. The structural and functional MRI analyses revealed the following findings: (1) the GMV change in the premotor cortex was positively correlated with masticatory performance. (2) The rsFC between the cerebellum and the premotor cortex was positively correlated with masticatory performance. (3) The GMV changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), as well as the rsFC between the cerebellum and the DLPFC, were positively correlated with masticatory performance. The findings showed that in the premotor cortex, a reduction of GMV and rsFC would reflect declined masticatory performance. The positive correlation between DLPFC connectivity and masticatory performance implies that masticatory ability is associated with cognitive function in the elderly. Our findings highlighted the role of the central nervous system in masticatory performance and increased our understanding of the structural and functional brain signature underlying individual variations in masticatory performance in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yun Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Family Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Division of Family Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Wei Ko
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Chronic Powder Diet After Weaning Induces Sleep, Behavioral, Neuroanatomical, and Neurophysiological Changes in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143909. [PMID: 26630494 PMCID: PMC4668096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of chronic powder diet feeding on sleep patterns and other physiological/anatomical changes in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into two groups from weaning: a group fed with solid food (SD) and a group fed with powder food (PD), and sleep and physiological and anatomical changes were compared between the groups. PD exhibited less cranial bone structure development and a significant weight gain. Furthermore, these PD mice showed reduced number of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Sleep analysis showed that PD induced attenuated diurnal sleep/wake rhythm, characterized by increased sleep during active period and decreased sleep during rest period. With food deprivation (FD), PD showed less enhancement of wake/locomotor activity compared to SD, indicating reduced food-seeking behavior during FD. These results suggest that powder feeding in mice results in a cluster of detrimental symptoms caused by abnormal energy metabolism and anatomical/neurological changes.
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Cerutti-Kopplin D, Emami E, Hilgert JB, Hugo FN, Padilha DMP. Cognitive status of edentate elders wearing complete denture: Does quality of denture matter? J Dent 2015; 43:1071-1075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Xu X, Cao B, Wang J, Yu T, Li Y. Decision-making deficits associated with disrupted synchronization between basolateral amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex in rats after tooth loss. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:26-35. [PMID: 25684327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Human studies have shown that multiple teeth loss was significantly associated with cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. However, the causal relationship between tooth loss and cognitive deficits has not been clarified. Rodents demonstrate human-like cognitive faculties. In this study by performing rat gambling task (RGT), we reported that prolonged tooth loss condition by extracting all left molars in the rats led to an increase in the proportion of poor decision-makers, and decrease in the proportion of good decision-makers compared with controls. No influence was detected on the general activity and motivation after tooth loss. Recent experiments have shown that decision-making performances in the RGT rely on the functional integrity of the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The theta band brain oscillation has been acknowledged for extensive cognitive functions. Here, we performed multiple-electrode array recordings of local field potential (LFP) in anesthetized rats. The results exhibited an increase in accumulative power of the theta frequency of LFP in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and decrease of theta power in the ACC in tooth loss rats. Furthermore, cross-correlation analysis displayed that tooth loss suppressed the synchronization of theta frequency of LFP between the BLA and ACC, indicating reduced neuronal communications between these two regions. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that tooth loss leads to higher-order cognitive deficits accompanied by the alteration of theta frequency of LFP in brain circuitries and disruption of neural network integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianran Yu
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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40
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Taniguchi S, Kuwahara M, Ito K. Chronic administration of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine improves age-associated impairment of long-term potentiation in the senescence-accelerated mouse. Neurosci Lett 2015; 598:41-6. [PMID: 25962821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc), a precursor of a sialic acid, is recently reported to improve the cognitive function in aged animals. However, the effect of chronic administration of ManNAc on impaired synaptic transmission and plasticity with age still remain unknown. In this study, we electrophysiologically determined the effect of chronic administration of ManNAc on deteriorated synaptic transmission and plasticity using hippocampal slices from senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) which shows age-related impairment of learning and memory. Oral administration of ManNAc for 8 weeks improved the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in both SAMP8 and SAM resistant 1 (SAMR1), the control strain of SAMP8, at 14 months of age, but not at 6 months of age. On the other hand, ManNAc administration improved long-term potentiation (LTP), representative of long-term synaptic plasticity, of 6 month-old SAMP8 but not of age-matched SAMR1. In addition, ManNAc improved LTP of 14 month-old SAMR1 but not of age-matched SAMP8. At the same time, we checked the PPR but ManNAc did not affect the PPRs at either before or after high-frequency stimulation for LTP induction. These results indicate that chronic administration of ManNAc improves the age-dependent attenuation of synaptic transmission and LTP, and shows the availability of ManNAc treatment as potential therapeutic application for cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Taniguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kuwahara
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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He Y, Zhu J, Huang F, Qin L, Fan W, He H. Age-dependent loss of cholinergic neurons in learning and memory-related brain regions and impaired learning in SAMP8 mice with trigeminal nerve damage. Neural Regen Res 2015; 9:1985-94. [PMID: 25598781 PMCID: PMC4283282 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.145380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The tooth belongs to the trigeminal sensory pathway. Dental damage has been associated with impairments in the central nervous system that may be mediated by injury to the trigeminal nerve. In the present study, we investigated the effects of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve, an important peripheral nerve in the trigeminal sensory pathway, on learning and memory behaviors and structural changes in related brain regions, in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Inferior alveolar nerve transection or sham surgery was performed in middle-aged (4-month-old) or elderly (7-month-old) senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. When the middle-aged mice reached 8 months (middle-aged group 1) or 11 months (middle-aged group 2), and the elderly group reached 11 months, step-down passive avoidance and Y-maze tests of learning and memory were performed, and the cholinergic system was examined in the hippocampus (Nissl staining and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry) and basal forebrain (choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry). In the elderly group, animals that underwent nerve transection had fewer pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, fewer cholinergic fibers in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and fewer cholinergic neurons in the medial septal nucleus and vertical limb of the diagonal band, compared with sham-operated animals, as well as showing impairments in learning and memory. Conversely, no significant differences in histology or behavior were observed between middle-aged group 1 or group 2 transected mice and age-matched sham-operated mice. The present findings suggest that trigeminal nerve damage in old age, but not middle age, can induce degeneration of the septal-hippocampal cholinergic system and loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and ultimately impair learning ability. Our results highlight the importance of active treatment of trigeminal nerve damage in elderly patients and those with Alzheimer's disease, and indicate that tooth extraction should be avoided in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jihong Zhu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liu Qin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Chen H, Iinuma M, Onozuka M, Kubo KY. Chewing Maintains Hippocampus-Dependent Cognitive Function. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:502-9. [PMID: 26078711 PMCID: PMC4466515 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastication (chewing) is important not only for food intake, but also for preserving and promoting the general health. Recent studies have showed that mastication helps to maintain cognitive functions in the hippocampus, a central nervous system region vital for spatial memory and learning. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent progress of the association between mastication and the hippocampus-dependent cognitive function. There are multiple neural circuits connecting the masticatory organs and the hippocampus. Both animal and human studies indicated that cognitive functioning is influenced by mastication. Masticatory dysfunction is associated with the hippocampal morphological impairments and the hippocampus-dependent spatial memory deficits, especially in elderly. Mastication is an effective behavior for maintaining the hippocampus-dependent cognitive performance, which deteriorates with aging. Therefore, chewing may represent a useful approach in preserving and promoting the hippocampus-dependent cognitive function in older people. We also discussed several possible mechanisms involved in the interaction between mastication and the hippocampal neurogenesis and the future directions for this unique fascinating research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayue Chen
- 1. Department of Anatomy Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Iinuma
- 2. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Structure, Function and Development, Asahi University, School of Dentistry, Mizuho, 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
| | - Minoru Onozuka
- 3. Department of Judo Therapy and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama 227-0033, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kin-Ya Kubo
- 4. Seijoh University Graduate School of Health Care Studies, Tokai, 476-8588, Aichi, Japan
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Pang Q, Hu X, Li X, Zhang J, Jiang Q. Behavioral impairments and changes of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brains of molarless KM mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 278:411-6. [PMID: 25447296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
More studies showed that as a common disorder in senior population, loss of teeth could adversely affect human cognitive function, and nitric oxide (NO) might play an important role in the cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been well-established. The objectives of this study are to evaluate behavior changes of KM mice after loss of molars, and levels of NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brain in molarless condition. It is hypothesized that loss of molars of the mice tested results in the cognitive impairments and that the process is mediated by NO in the brain through the signaling pathways. Morris water maze is used to test the behavioral changes after 8 weeks of the surgery. The changes of NO and iNOS are evaluated by using Griess assay, western blot, and immunohistochemistry method. The results show that 8 weeks after loss of molars, the spatial learning and memory of KM mice impair and the levels of NO and iNOS in mice hippocampus increase. These findings suggest that molar extraction is associated with the behavioral impairment, and that the changes of NO and iNOS in the hippocampus may be involved in the behavioral changes in the molarless condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatology Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xingxue Hu
- Advanced Standing Program, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 100 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xinya Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatology Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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Sakamoto S, Hara T, Kurozumi A, Oka M, Kuroda-Ishimine C, Araki D, Iida S, Minagi S. Effect of occlusal rehabilitation on spatial memory and hippocampal neurons after long-term loss of molars in rats. J Oral Rehabil 2014; 41:715-22. [PMID: 24909970 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental loss of occlusal support caused by the extraction or grinding of molar teeth has been reported to foment the impairment of learning and memory in laboratory animals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of occlusal reconstruction after long-term loss of molars on spatial memory by using 8-arm radial maze and by assessing histopathological changes of neuron density in the hippocampus. Experimental dentures were inserted into the oral cavities of molarless rats to recover the occlusal support. Age-matched groups of control, molarless and denture-wearing rats were trained to perform the maze tasks. The difference of the error incidence in the maze task was evaluated between three groups. The difference of neuron density between three groups was also evaluated at the end of the maze task. Serum corticosterone levels were also measured to estimate the chronic stress, which could be caused by extraction, insertion of the experimental denture or any experimental procedure. The error incidence in the denture-wearing group was significantly higher than that of the control group, but significantly lower than that of the molarless group. Significant differences of neuron density were observed between three groups in each of the hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG subfields. No significant difference of the serum corticosterone levels between three groups could be observed. From the results of this study, it was suggested that the recovery of occlusal support would bring amelioration of cognitive impairment concomitant with long period loss of molars in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakamoto
- Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Utsugi C, Miyazono S, Osada K, Sasajima H, Noguchi T, Matsuda M, Kashiwayanagi M. Hard-diet feeding recovers neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and olfactory functions of mice impaired by soft-diet feeding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97309. [PMID: 24817277 PMCID: PMC4016307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) generates an immense number of neurons even during adulthood. These neurons migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) and differentiate into granule cells and periglomerular cells. The information broadcast by general odorants is received by the olfactory sensory neurons and transmitted to the OB. Recent studies have shown that a reduction of mastication impairs both neurogenesis in the hippocampus and brain functions. To examine these effects, we first measured the difference in Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) at the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Pr5), which receives intraoral touch information via the trigeminal nerve, when female adult mice ingested a hard or soft diet to explore whether soft-diet feeding could mimic impaired mastication. Ingestion of a hard diet induced greater expression of Fos-ir cells at the Pr5 than did a soft diet or no diet. Bromodeoxyuridine-immunoreactive (BrdU-ir) structures in sagittal sections of the SVZ and in the OB of mice fed a soft or hard diet were studied to explore the effects of changes in mastication on newly generated neurons. After 1 month, the density of BrdU-ir cells in the SVZ and OB was lower in the soft-diet-fed mice than in the hard-diet-fed mice. The odor preferences of individual female mice to butyric acid were tested in a Y-maze apparatus. Avoidance of butyric acid was reduced by the soft-diet feeding. We then explored the effects of the hard-diet feeding on olfactory functions and neurogenesis in the SVZ of mice impaired by soft-diet feeding. At 3 months of hard-diet feeding, avoidance of butyric acid was reversed and responses to odors and neurogenesis were recovered in the SVZ. The present results suggest that feeding with a hard diet improves neurogenesis in the SVZ, which in turn enhances olfactory function at the OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Utsugi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Sadaharu Miyazono
- Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Osada
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tohbetu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasajima
- Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Noguchi
- Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Matsuda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashiwayanagi
- Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Teixeira FB, Pereira Fernandes LDM, Noronha PAT, dos Santos MAR, Gomes-Leal W, Ferraz Maia CDS, Lima RR. Masticatory deficiency as a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:209-14. [PMID: 24465167 PMCID: PMC3894406 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that chewing helps to maintain cognitive functions in brain regions including the hippocampus, a central nervous system (CNS) region vital for memory and learning. Epidemiological studies suggest that masticatory deficiency is associated with development of dementia, which is related to spatial memory deficits especially in older animals. The purpose of this paper is to review recent work on the effects of masticatory impairment on cognitive functions both in experimental animals and humans. We show that several mechanisms may be involved in the cognitive deficits associated with masticatory deficiency. The epidemiological data suggest a positive correlation between masticatory deficit and Alzheimer's disease. It may be concluded that chewing has important implications for the mechanisms underlying certain cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bruno Teixeira
- 1. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Luanna de Melo Pereira Fernandes
- 1. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900, Belém-Pará, Brazil; ; 2. Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrycy Assis Tavares Noronha
- 3. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Raiol dos Santos
- 1. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Walace Gomes-Leal
- 3. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- 2. Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- 1. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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Patten A, Moller D, Graham J, Gil-Mohapel J, Christie B. Liquid diets reduce cell proliferation but not neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2013; 254:173-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Noble JM, Scarmeas N, Papapanou PN. Poor oral health as a chronic, potentially modifiable dementia risk factor: review of the literature. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2013; 13:384. [PMID: 23963608 PMCID: PMC6526728 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poor oral health, including caries, tooth loss, and periodontitis, is ubiquitous worldwide, and is potentially treatable and preventable. Like adverse oral health conditions, Alzheimer disease and related disorders are also very common among aging populations. Established risk factors for Alzheimer disease include cerebrovascular disease and its vascular risk factors, many of which share associations with evidence of systemic inflammation also identified in periodontitis and other poor oral health states. In this review, we present epidemiologic evidence of links between poor oral health and both prevalent and incident cognitive impairment, and review plausible mechanisms linking these conditions, including evidence from compelling animal models. Considering that a large etiologic fraction of dementia remains unexplained, these studies argue for further multidisciplinary research between oral health conditions, including translational, epidemiologic, and possibly clinical treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Noble
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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49
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Mendes FDCCDS, de Almeida MNF, Felício APG, Fadel AC, Silva DDJ, Borralho TG, da Silva RP, Bento-Torres J, Vasconcelos PFDC, Perry VH, Ramos EMLS, Picanço-Diniz CW, Sosthenes MCK. Enriched environment and masticatory activity rehabilitation recover spatial memory decline in aged mice. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:63. [PMID: 23805920 PMCID: PMC3706212 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To measure the impact of masticatory reduction on learning and memory, previous studies have produced experimental masticatory reduction by modified diet or molar removal. Here we induced spatial learning impairment in mice by reducing masticatory activity and then tested the effect of a combination of environmental enrichment and masticatory rehabilitation in recovering spatial learning at adulthood and in later life. For 6 months (6M) or 18 months (18M), we fed three groups of mice from postnatal day 21 respectively with a hard diet (HD) of pellets; pellets followed by a powdered, soft diet (HD/SD, divided into equal periods); or pellets followed by powder, followed by pellets again (HD/SD/HD, divided into equal periods). To mimic sedentary or active lifestyles, half of the animals from each group were raised from weaning in standard cages (impoverished environment; IE) and the other half in enriched cages (enriched environment; EE). To evaluate spatial learning, we used the Morris water maze. Results IE6M-HD/SD mice showed lower learning rates compared with control (IE6M-HD) or masticatory rehabilitated (IE6MHD/SD/HD) animals. Similarly, EE-HD/SD mice independent of age showed lower performance than controls (EE-HD) or rehabilitated mice (EE-HD/SD/HD). However, combined rehabilitation and EE in aged mice improved learning rate up to control levels. Learning rates did not correlate with swim speed. Conclusions Reduction in masticatory activity imposed on mice previously fed a hard diet (HD/SD) impaired spatial learning in the Morris water maze. In adults, masticatory rehabilitation recovered spatial abilities in both sedentary and active mice, and rehabilitation of masticatory activity combined with EE recovered these losses in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes
- Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487 - Guamá Belém, Pará, Brasil
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50
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Hansson P, Sunnegårdh-Grönberg K, Bergdahl J, Bergdahl M, Nyberg L, Nilsson LG. Relationship between natural teeth and memory in a healthy elderly population. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:333-40. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maud Bergdahl
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry; University of Tromsø; Tromsø; Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrative Medical Biology; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging; Umeå University; Umeå; Sweden
| | - Lars-Göran Nilsson
- Department of Psychology; Stockholm University, and Stockholm Brain Institute; Stockholm; Sweden
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