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Yu X, Li M, Wang C, Guan X. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB): An attractive target in atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150386. [PMID: 39024681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, is heavily influenced by inflammation, lipid accumulation, autophagy, and aging. The expression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) has been observed to correlate with lipid content, inflammation, and aging, progressively increasing as atherosclerosis advances through its various stages, from baseline to early and advanced phases. However, the interaction between GPNMB and AS is controversial. Knockout of GPNMB has been shown to increase atherosclerotic plaque burden in mice. Conversely, targeted elimination of GPNMB-positive cells reduced atherosclerotic burden. These seemingly contradictory findings underscore the complexity of the issue and highlight the need for further research to reconcile these discrepancies and to elucidate the precise role of GPNMB in the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiuru Guan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China.
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2
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Kimura T, Okita Y, Nagumo Y, Chin JM, Fikry MA, Shiga M, Kandori S, Kawahara T, Suzuki H, Nishiyama H, Kato M. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B impacts the malignant potential of bladder cancer cells through its hem-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. Pathol Int 2024; 74:262-273. [PMID: 38501371 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide. Although multiple genomic mutations and epigenetic alterations have been identified, an efficacious molecularly targeted therapy has yet to be established. Therefore, a novel approach is anticipated. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in various cancers. In this study, we evaluated bladder cancer patient samples and found that GPNMB protein abundance is associated with high-grade tumors, and both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that GPNMB is a prognostic factor. Furthermore, the prognosis of patients with high GPNMB levels was significantly poorer in those with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) than in those with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We then demonstrated that knockdown of GPNMB in MIBC cell lines with high GPNMB inhibits cellular migration and invasion, whereas overexpression of GPNMB further enhances cellular migration and invasion in MIBC cell lines with originally low GPNMB. Therefore, we propose that GPNMB is one of multiple driver molecules in the acquisition of cellular migratory and invasive potential in bladder cancers. Moreover, we revealed that the tyrosine residue in the hemi-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (hemITAM) is required for GPNMB-induced cellular motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kimura
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Okita
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Jas Min Chin
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Muhammad Ali Fikry
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuya Kandori
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Kumagai K, Kanmura S, Mawatari S, Nakamura Y, Eguchi H, Taniyama O, Toyodome A, Ijuin S, Sakae H, Tabu K, Oda K, Shimata K, Hibi T, Ido A. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B expression correlates with the prognosis of acute liver injury/failure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1242152. [PMID: 37941897 PMCID: PMC10627855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1242152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is expressed in macrophages during recovery from acute liver injury (ALI) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury model mice. In this retrospective study, we assessed whether GPNMB levels in the serum and injured liver correlate with liver injury severity and prognosis in patients with ALI or acute liver failure (ALF). Methods: The study involved 56 patients with ALI or ALF who visited the Kagoshima University Hospital. Serum GPNMB level was measured over time, and the localization, proportion, origin, and phenotype of GPNMB-expressing cells in the injured liver were assessed. Finally, the phenotypes of human monocyte-derived macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with ALI and ALF were analyzed. Results: Peak GPNMB levels were significantly higher in patients with ALF and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), as well as in those who underwent liver transplantation or died, than in others. The peak GPNMB level correlated with prothrombin activity, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, and serum hepatocyte growth factor level. GPNMB was expressed in CD68-positive macrophages, and its level increased with the severity of liver injury. The macrophages showed the same polarization as M2c macrophages induced with interleukin-10 from human monocytes. Moreover, PBMCs from patients with ALF exhibited an immunosuppressive phenotype. Conclusion: We found that GPNMB levels in the serum and injured liver, which increased in patients with ALF, especially in those with HE, correlated with the severity of liver injury and prognosis of ALI and ALF. Moreover, GPNMB-positive macrophages exhibited the M2c phenotype. Our results indicate that persistently high GPNMB levels may be a prognostic marker in patients with ALI and ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Eguchi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Oki Taniyama
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ai Toyodome
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sho Ijuin
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakae
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tabu
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Oda
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keita Shimata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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4
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Deo R, Dubin RF, Ren Y, Murthy AC, Wang J, Zheng H, Zheng Z, Feldman H, Shou H, Coresh J, Grams M, Surapaneni AL, Bhat Z, Cohen JB, Rahman M, He J, Saraf SL, Go AS, Kimmel PL, Vasan RS, Segal MR, Li H, Ganz P. Proteomic cardiovascular risk assessment in chronic kidney disease. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2095-2110. [PMID: 37014015 PMCID: PMC10281556 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely prevalent and independently increases cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular risk prediction tools derived in the general population perform poorly in CKD. Through large-scale proteomics discovery, this study aimed to create more accurate cardiovascular risk models. METHODS AND RESULTS Elastic net regression was used to derive a proteomic risk model for incident cardiovascular risk in 2182 participants from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. The model was then validated in 485 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort. All participants had CKD and no history of cardiovascular disease at study baseline when ∼5000 proteins were measured. The proteomic risk model, which consisted of 32 proteins, was superior to both the 2013 ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equation and a modified Pooled Cohort Equation that included estimated glomerular filtrate rate. The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort internal validation set demonstrated annualized receiver operating characteristic area under the curve values from 1 to 10 years ranging between 0.84 and 0.89 for the protein and 0.70 and 0.73 for the clinical models. Similar findings were observed in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities validation cohort. For nearly half of the individual proteins independently associated with cardiovascular risk, Mendelian randomization suggested a causal link to cardiovascular events or risk factors. Pathway analyses revealed enrichment of proteins involved in immunologic function, vascular and neuronal development, and hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSION In two sizeable populations with CKD, a proteomic risk model for incident cardiovascular disease surpassed clinical risk models recommended in clinical practice, even after including estimated glomerular filtration rate. New biological insights may prioritize the development of therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction in the CKD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Deo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Electrophysiology Section, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, One Convention Avenue, Level 2 / City Side, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruth F Dubin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashwin C Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Electrophysiology Section, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, One Convention Avenue, Level 2 / City Side, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haotian Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zihe Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harold Feldman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haochang Shou
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E. Monument Street, Room 2-635, Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Morgan Grams
- Department of Epidemiology; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E. Monument Street, Room 2-635, Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Aditya L Surapaneni
- Department of Epidemiology; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zeenat Bhat
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, 5100 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jordana B Cohen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 831 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mahboob Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Wearn Bldg. 3 Floor. Rm 352, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, SL 18, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Santosh L Saraf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1740 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alan S Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul L Kimmel
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark R Segal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Ganz
- Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 5G1, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Nickl B, Qadri F, Bader M. Anti-inflammatory role of Gpnmb in adipose tissue of mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19614. [PMID: 34608215 PMCID: PMC8490452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can cause a chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is a critical step in the development of type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation is associated with the expression of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein b (Gpnmb), which is mainly expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells. We generated a Gpnmb-knockout mouse line using Crispr-Cas9 to assess the role of Gpnmb in a diet-induced obesity. The absence of Gpnmb did not affect body weight gain and blood lipid parameters. While wildtype animals became obese but remained otherwise metabolically healthy, Gpnmb-knockout animals developed, in addition to obesity, symptoms of metabolic syndrome such as adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and liver fibrosis. We observed a strong Gpnmb expression in adipose tissue macrophages in wildtype animals and a decreased expression of most macrophage-related genes independent of their inflammatory function. This was corroborated by in vitro data showing that Gpnmb was mostly expressed by reparative macrophages while only pro-inflammatory stimuli induced shedding of Gpnmb. The data suggest that Gpnmb is ameliorating adipose tissue inflammation independent of the polarization of macrophages. Taken together, the data suggest an immune-balancing function of Gpnmb that could delay the metabolic damage caused by the induction of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Nickl
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité University Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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6
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Huang YH, Chu PY, Chen JL, Huang CT, Huang CC, Tsai YF, Wang YL, Lien PJ, Tseng LM, Liu CY. Expression pattern and prognostic impact of glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB) in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12171. [PMID: 34108545 PMCID: PMC8190094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein overexpressed in numerous cancers including triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). It has been linked to promote cancer aggressiveness and implicated as a novel target for GPNMB-expressing cancers. In current study, we aimed to explore the clinical significance of GPNMB in TNBC. Among 759 specimens, immunohistochemistry (IHC) exhibited GPNMB expressions were variable in different subtypes and significantly higher in TNBC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed GPNMB overexpression in TNBC was associated with worse prognosis especially distant metastasis (P = 0.020, HR = 2.515, CI 1.154-5.480). Multivariate analysis showed GPNMB expression was an independent prognostic factor in terms of recurrence and distant metastasis (P = 0.008, HR = 3.22, CI 1.36-7.61; P = 0.017, HR = 3.08, CI 1.22-7.74). In silico analysis showed high mRNA expression of GPNMB was associated with distant metastasis and GPNMB was overexpressed in TNBC. Furthermore, GPNMB positively correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators, mesenchymal marker vimentin, MMP and integrins. The protein levels of Twist and MMP2 were upregulated by GPNMB overexpression in TNBC cells. GPNMB-enhanced cell invasion was attenuated by broad spectrum MMP inhibitor (GM 6001) and the selective inhibitor of MMP-2 (ARP100). In summary, GPNMB expression is prevalent in TNBC and may be implicated as a prognostic biomarker in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yang-Ming Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Lien
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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7
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Saade M, Araujo de Souza G, Scavone C, Kinoshita PF. The Role of GPNMB in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674739. [PMID: 34054862 PMCID: PMC8149902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a response to a lesion in the tissue or infection. This process occurs in a specific manner in the central nervous system and is called neuroinflammation, which is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. GPNMB, an endogenous glycoprotein, has been recently related to inflammation and neuroinflammation. GPNMB is highly expressed in macrophages and microglia, which are cells involved with innate immune response in the periphery and the brain, respectively. Some studies have shown increased levels of GPNMB in pro-inflammatory conditions, such as LPS treatment, and in pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the role of GPNMB in inflammation is still not clear. Even though most studies suggest that GPNMB might have an anti-inflammatory role by promoting inflammation resolution, there is evidence that GPNMB could be pro-inflammatory. In this review, we gather and discuss the published evidence regarding this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saade
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Araujo de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Waldera-Lupa DM, Poschmann G, Kirchgaessler N, Etemad-Parishanzadeh O, Baberg F, Brocksieper M, Seidel S, Kowalski T, Brunn A, Haghikia A, Gold R, Stefanski A, Deckert M, Schlegel U, Stühler K. A Multiplex Assay for the Stratification of Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071732. [PMID: 32610669 PMCID: PMC7407338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) account for approximately 2% to 3% of all primary brain tumors. Until now, neuropathological tumor tissue analysis, most frequently gained by stereotactic biopsy, is still the diagnostic gold standard. Here, we rigorously analyzed two independent patient cohorts comprising the clinical entities PCNSL (n = 47), secondary central nervous system lymphomas (SCNSL; n = 13), multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 23), glioma (n = 10), other tumors (n = 17) and tumor-free controls (n = 21) by proteomic approaches. In total, we identified more than 1220 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and validated eight candidate biomarkers by a peptide-centric approach in an independent patient cohort (n = 63). Thus, we obtained excellent diagnostic accuracy for the stratification between PCNSL, MS and glioma patients as well as tumor-free controls for three peptides originating from the three proteins VSIG4, GPNMB4 and APOC2. The combination of all three biomarker candidates resulted in diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901 (PCNSL vs. MS), AUC of 0.953 (PCNSL vs. glioma) and AUC 0.850 (PCNSL vs. tumor-free control). In summary, the determination of VSIG4, GPNMB4 and APOC2 in CSF as novel biomarkers for supporting the diagnosis of PCNSL is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Waldera-Lupa
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.W.-L.); (G.P.); (N.K.); (O.E.-P.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.W.-L.); (G.P.); (N.K.); (O.E.-P.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Nina Kirchgaessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.W.-L.); (G.P.); (N.K.); (O.E.-P.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Omid Etemad-Parishanzadeh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.W.-L.); (G.P.); (N.K.); (O.E.-P.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Falk Baberg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.W.-L.); (G.P.); (N.K.); (O.E.-P.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Mareike Brocksieper
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.W.-L.); (G.P.); (N.K.); (O.E.-P.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Sabine Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (S.S.); (T.K.); (U.S.)
| | - Thomas Kowalski
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (S.S.); (T.K.); (U.S.)
| | - Anna Brunn
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (A.H.); (R.G.)
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (A.H.); (R.G.)
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Martina Deckert
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Uwe Schlegel
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (S.S.); (T.K.); (U.S.)
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.W.-L.); (G.P.); (N.K.); (O.E.-P.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-811-3036
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9
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GPNMB contributes to a vicious circle for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:225097. [PMID: 32478378 PMCID: PMC7308735 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is significant and debilitating comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesize that genetic variance identified with OP may also play roles in COPD. We have conducted a large-scale relation data analysis to explore the genes implicated with either OP or COPD, or both. Each gene linked to OP but not to COPD was further explored in a mega-analysis and partial mega-analysis of 15 independently collected COPD RNA expression datasets, followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and literature-based pathway analysis to explore their functional linked to COPD. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was built to study the possible influence of sample size, population region, and study date on the gene expression data in COPD. At the first step of the analysis, we have identified 918 genes associated with COPD, 581 with OP, and a significant overlap (P<2.30e-140; 210 overlapped genes). Partial mega-analysis showed that, one OP gene, GPNMB presented significantly increased expression in COPD patients (P-value = 0.0018; log fold change = 0.83). GPNMB was enriched in multiple COPD pathways and plays roles as a gene hub formulating multiple vicious COPD pathways included gene MMP9 and MYC. GPNMB could be a novel gene that plays roles in both COPD and OP. Partial mega-analysis is valuable in identify case-specific genes for COPD.
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10
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van der Lienden MJC, Gaspar P, Boot R, Aerts JMFG, van Eijk M. Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E66. [PMID: 30586924 PMCID: PMC6337583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrophages and secreted into the circulation were identified, among which glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB). This review focusses on the emerging potential of GPNMB as a biomarker of stressed macrophages in LSDs as well as in acquired pathologies accompanied by an excessive lysosomal substrate load in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Ashktorab H, Rahi H, Nouraie M, Shokrani B, Lee E, Haydari T, Laiyemo AO, Siegel P, Brim H. GPNMB methylation: a new marker of potentially carcinogenic colon lesions. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1068. [PMID: 30400781 PMCID: PMC6219212 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic plays an important role in colorectal neoplasia process. There is a need to determine sound biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression with clinical and therapeutic implications. Therefore, we aimed to examine the role and methylation status of Glyco Protein Non-Metastatic GPNM B (GPNMB) gene in normal, adenoma and CRC in African American (AA) patients. Methods The methylation status of 13 CpG sites (chr7: 23287345–23,287,426) in GPNMB gene’s promoter, was analyzed by pyrosequencing in human CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480, and HT29) and microdissected African American paraffin embedded samples (20 normal, 21 non-advanced adenoma (NA), 48 advanced adenoma (AD), and 20 cancer tissues. GPNMB expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMA). Correlations between GPNMB methylation and expression with clinicopathological features were analyzed. GPNMB functional analysis was performed in triplicates using cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays in HCT116 colon cell line after stable transfection with a GPNMB-cDNA expression vector. Results GPNMB methylation was lower in normal mucosa compared to CRC samples (1/20 [5%] vs. 18/20 [90%]; P < 0.001). AD also had a significantly higher GPNMB methylation frequency than normal colon samples (42/48 [88%] vs 1/20 [5%]; P < 0.001). GPNMB was more frequently methylated in AD than in matched normal mucosa from three patients (3/3 [100%] vs 1/3 [33.3%]; P < 0.001). The frequency of GPNMB methylation in NA differed significantly from that in the normal mucosa (16/21 [76%] vs 1/20 [5%]; P = 0.008). There was statistically significant correlation of higher methylation at advanced stages and lower methylation at stage 1 CRCs (P < 0.05). In agreement with these findings, GPNMB protein expression decreased in CRC tissues compared with AD and NA colon mucosa (p < 0.05). GPNMB overexpression in HCT116 colon cancer cell line decreased cell proliferation [(24 h, P = 0.02), (48 h, P < 0.001, 72 h, P = 0.007)], invasion (p < 0.05) and migration (p > 0.05) compared to the mock-transfected cells. Conclusion Our data indicate a high methylation profile leading to a lower GPNMB expression in adenoma and CRC samples. The functional analysis established GPNMB as a potential tumor suppressor gene. As such, GPNMB might be useful as a biomarker of adenomas with high carcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C, 20060, USA.
| | - Hamed Rahi
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C, 20060, USA
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Babak Shokrani
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C, 20060, USA
| | - Edward Lee
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C, 20060, USA
| | - Tahmineh Haydari
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C, 20060, USA
| | - Adeyinka O Laiyemo
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C, 20060, USA
| | - Peter Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C, 20060, USA
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12
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Yang CF, Lin SP, Chiang CP, Wu YH, H'ng WS, Chang CP, Chen YT, Wu JY. Loss of GPNMB Causes Autosomal-Recessive Amyloidosis Cutis Dyschromica in Humans. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:219-232. [PMID: 29336782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica (ACD) is a distinct form of primary cutaneous amyloidosis characterized by generalized hyperpigmentation mottled with small hypopigmented macules on the trunks and limbs. Affected families and sporadic case subjects have been reported predominantly in East and Southeast Asian ethnicities; however, the genetic cause has not been elucidated. We report here that the compound heterozygosity or homozygosity of GPNMB truncating alleles is the cause of autosomal-recessive ACD. Six nonsense or frameshift mutations were identified in nine individuals diagnosed with ACD. Immunofluorescence analysis of skin biopsies showed that GPNMB is expressed in all epidermal cells, with the highest staining observed in melanocytes. GPNMB staining is significantly reduced in the lesional skin of affected individuals. Hyperpigmented lesions exhibited significantly increased amounts of DNA/keratin-positive amyloid deposits in the papillary dermis and infiltrating macrophages compared with hypo- or depigmented macules. Depigmentation of the lesions was attributable to loss of melanocytes. Intracytoplasmic fibrillary aggregates were observed in keratinocytes scattered in the lesional epidermis. Thus, our analysis indicates that loss of GPNMB, which has been implicated in melanosome formation, autophagy, phagocytosis, tissue repair, and negative regulation of inflammation, underlies autosomal-recessive ACD and provides insights into the etiology of amyloidosis and pigment dyschromia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Chiang
- Departments of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Weng Siong H'ng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ping Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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13
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Budge KM, Neal ML, Richardson JR, Safadi FF. Glycoprotein NMB: an Emerging Role in Neurodegenerative Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5167-5176. [PMID: 28856541 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by severe neuronal loss leading to the cognitive and physical impairments that define various neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and can ultimately contribute to disease progression. Increased inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1 β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, current therapeutic options lack ability to stop or effectively slow progression of these diseases and are primarily aimed at alleviating symptoms. Thus, it is crucial to discover novel treatment candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein first identified in a melanoma cell line. GPNMB augments bone mineral deposition by stimulating osteoblast differentiation. Aside from its anabolic function in the bone, emerging evidence suggests that GPNMB has anti-inflammatory and reparative functions. GPNMB has also been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in an animal model of ALS, cerebral ischemia, and other disease models. Given these discoveries, GPNMB should be investigated as a potential therapeutic option for multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Budge
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44224, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Matthew L Neal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44224, USA. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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14
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Rose AAN, Biondini M, Curiel R, Siegel PM. Targeting GPNMB with glembatumumab vedotin: Current developments and future opportunities for the treatment of cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:127-141. [PMID: 28546082 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GPNMB has emerged as an immunomodulator and an important positive mediator of tumor progression and metastasis in numerous solid cancers. Tumor intrinsic GPNMB-mediated effects on cellular signaling, coupled with the ability of GPNMB to influence the primary tumor and metastatic microenvironments in a non-cell autonomous fashion, combine to augment malignant cancer phenotypes. In addition, GPNMB is often overexpressed in a variety of cancers, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In this regard, glembatumumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets GPNMB, is currently in clinical trials as a single agent in multiple cancers. In this review, we will describe the physiological functions of GPNMB in normal tissues and summarize the processes through which GPNMB augments tumor growth and metastasis. We will review the pre-clinical and clinical development of glembatumumab vedotin, evaluate on-going clinical trials, explore emerging opportunities for this agent in new disease indications and discuss exciting possibilities for this ADC in the context of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- April A N Rose
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Biondini
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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15
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Arosarena OA, Barr EW, Thorpe R, Yankey H, Tarr JT, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin regulates head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion by modulating matrix metalloproteases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:409-421. [PMID: 28295306 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 60% of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) die of metastases or locoregional recurrence. Metastasis is mediated by cancer cell migration and invasion, which are in part dependent on extracellular matrix degradation by matrix metalloproteinases. Osteoactivin (OA) overexpression plays a role in metastases in several malignancies, and has been shown to upregulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity. To determine how OA modulates MMP expression and activity in HNSCC, and to investigate OA effects on cell invasion, we assessed effects of OA treatment on MMP mRNA and protein expression, as well as gelatinase and caseinolytic activity in HNSCC cell lines. We assessed the effects of OA gene silencing on MMP expression, gelatinase and caseinolytic activity, and cell invasion. OA treatment had differential effects on MMP mRNA expression. OA treatment upregulated MMP-10 expression in UMSCC14a (p = 0.0431) and SCC15 (p < 0.0001) cells, but decreased MMP-9 expression in UMSCC14a cells (p = 0.0002). OA gene silencing decreased MMP-10 expression in UMSCC12 cells (p = 0.0001), and MMP-3 (p = 0.0005) and -9 (p = 0.0036) expression in SCC25 cells. In SCC15 and SCC25 cells, OA treatment increased MMP-2 (p = 0.0408) and MMP-9 gelatinase activity (p < 0.0001), respectively. OA depletion decreased MMP-2 (p = 0.0023) and -9 (p < 0.0001) activity in SCC25 cells. OA treatment increased 70 kDa caseinolytic activity in UMSCC12 cells consistent with tissue type plasminogen activator (p = 0.0078). OA depletion decreased invasive capacity of UMSCC12 cells (p < 0.0001). OA's effects on MMP expression in HNSCC are variable, and may promote cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oneida A Arosarena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric W Barr
- Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Thorpe
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hilary Yankey
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph T Tarr
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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16
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Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) promotes the progression of brain glioblastoma via Na+/K+-ATPase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Järve A, Mühlstedt S, Qadri F, Nickl B, Schulz H, Hübner N, Özcelik C, Bader M. Adverse left ventricular remodeling by glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2016; 31:556-568. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600613r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Järve
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School of Regenerative TherapiesBerlinGermany
| | - Silke Mühlstedt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IHumboldt‐University BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | | | - Bernadette Nickl
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Charité‐University MedicineBerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)BerlinGermany
- Institute for BiologyUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
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18
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoactivin (OA) was first discovered in an osteopetrotic rat model using mRNA differential display a decade ago and has been studied recently. OA in bone tissue can directly or indirectly regulate the differentiation of osteoblasts by influencing cell behaviours, such as proliferation and adhesion, as well as inducing serial signal cascades, which would be of great importance in the field of tissue engineering. The results of recent studies have further demonstrated that OA plays a critical role in the differentiation and function of cells, especially in bone formation and fracture healing. Areas covered: The discovery, structure, and function of OA as well as its therapeutic potential in tissue regeneration of bone defects, kidney injury, liver damage, and muscle atrophy. Expert opinion: OA has great potential in promoting the regeneration of damaged tissues, particularly bone tissue, which is supported by a large body of data. Future studies should focus on exploring the underlying mechanism of OA as well as pursuing the ideal form of OA-related regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Huang
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bo Bai
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yongchang Yao
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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19
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Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B extracellular fragment shows neuroprotective effects and activates the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways via the Na+/K+-ATPase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23241. [PMID: 26988030 PMCID: PMC4796790 DOI: 10.1038/srep23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) plays important roles in various types of cancer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The details of GPNMB function and its interacting protein have not been clarified. Therefore, to identify GPNMB binding partners on the cell membrane, we used membrane protein library/BLOTCHIP-MS technology, which enables us to analyze all cell membrane proteins as binding partners of the GPNMB extracellular fragment. As a result of a comprehensive search, we identified the alpha subunits of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) as a possible binding partner. We confirmed the interaction between the GPNMB extracellular fragment and NKA by immunoprecipitation and immunostaining in NSC-34 cells. Indeed, endogenous GPNMB extracellular fragment bound to and colocalized with NKA alpha subunits. Furthermore, exogenous GPNMB extracellular fragment, i.e., human recombinant GPNMB, also bound to and colocalized with NKA alpha subunits. Additionally, we found that the GPNMB extracellular fragment had neuroprotective effects and activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK pathways via NKA. These findings indicated that NKA may act as a novel "receptor" for the GPNMB extracellular fragment, offering additional molecular targets for the treatment of GPNMB-related diseases, including various types of cancer and ALS.
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20
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Arosarena OA, Dela Cadena RA, Denny MF, Bryant E, Barr EW, Thorpe R, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin Promotes Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1761-70. [PMID: 26636434 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 50% of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) die of metastases or locoregional recurrence. Metastasis is mediated by cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Osteoactivin (OA) overexpression plays a role in metastases in several malignancies. The aims were to determine how integrin interactions modulate OA-induced OSCC cell migration; and to investigate OA effects on cell survival and proliferation. We confirmed OA mRNA and protein overexpression in OSCC cell lines. We assessed OA's interactions with integrins using adhesion inhibition assays, fluorescent immunocytochemistry and co-immunoprecipitation. We investigated OA-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cell survival. Integrin inhibition effects on OA-mediated cell migration were determined. We assessed effects of OA knock-down on cell migration and proliferation. OA is overexpressed in OSCC cell lines, and serves as a migration-promoting adhesion molecule. OA co-localized with integrin subunits, and co-immunoprecipitated with the subunits. Integrin blocking antibodies, especially those directed against the β1 subunit, inhibited cell adhesion (P = 0.03 for SCC15 cells). Adhesion to OA activated MAPKs in UMSCC14a cells and OA treatment promoted survival of SCC15 cells. Integrin-neutralizing antibodies enhanced cell migration with OA in the extracellular matrix. OA knock-down resulted in decreased proliferation of SCC15 and SCC25 cells, but did not inhibit cell migration. OA in the extracellular matrix promotes OSCC cell adhesion and migration, and may be a novel target in the prevention of HNSCC spread. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1761-1770, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oneida A Arosarena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raul A Dela Cadena
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael F Denny
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan Bryant
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric W Barr
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Thorpe
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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21
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Beneficial impact of Gpnmb and its significance as a biomarker in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16920. [PMID: 26581806 PMCID: PMC4652285 DOI: 10.1038/srep16920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Gpnmb is classified as a type 1 membrane protein and its soluble form is secreted by ADAM10-mediated cleavage. Gpnmb mRNA was found in the Kupffer cells and white adipose tissues (WATs) and its upregulation in obesity was recently found. Here, we generated aP2 promoter-driven Gpnmb transgenic (Tg) mice and the overexpression of Gpnmb ameliorated the fat accumulation and fibrosis of the liver in diet-induced obesity model. Soluble form of Gpnmb in sera was elevated in Gpnmb Tg mice and Gpnmb concentrated in hepatic macrophages and stellate cells interacted with calnexin, which resulted in the reduction of oxidative stress. In the patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, serum soluble GPNMB concentrations were higher compared with the patients with simple steatosis. The GPNMB is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for the development and progression of NAFLD in obesity.
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Kanematsu M, Futamura M, Takata M, Gaowa S, Yamada A, Morimitsu K, Morikawa A, Mori R, Hara H, Yoshida K. Clinical significance of glycoprotein nonmetastatic B and its association with HER2 in breast cancer. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1344-55. [PMID: 26077887 PMCID: PMC4567019 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic B (GPNMB) is a potential oncogene that is particularly expressed in melanoma and breast cancer (BC). To clarify its clinical significance in BC, we measured serum GPNMB in vivo and investigated its cross talk with human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). GPNMB was expressed in four of six breast cell lines (SK-BR-3, BT-474, MDA-MD-231, and MDA-MD-157), two of six colorectal cell lines, and two of four gastric cancer (GC) cell lines. We established a GPNMB quantification system using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for these cell lines. We measured serum GPNMB in vivo in 162 consecutive BC patients and in 88 controls (50 colorectal cancer [CC] and 38 GC patients). The GPNMB concentration in BC, CC and GC was 8.163, 5.751 and 6.55 ng/mL, respectively. The GPNMB level was significantly higher in BC patients than in CC patients (P = 0.021). The HER2-rich subtype of BC patients had significantly higher GPNMB levels than other subtypes (vs. Luminal; P = 0.038; vs. DCIS; P = 0.0195). These high GPNMB levels decreased after treatment (surgery/chemotherapy). Next, we examined the relationship between GPNMB and HER2 in vitro using SK-BR3 and BT-474 (HER2-positive/GPNMB-positive) cells. GPNMB depletion by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased both HER2 expression and phosphorylation. Trastuzumab (Tra) in combination with docetaxel promoted cell growth inhibition, and treatment with Tra or an Extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) inhibitor enhanced GPNMB expression. These results indicate that GPNMB might be a surrogate marker for BC and may cross talk with the HER2 signal pathway. GPNMB may therefore emerge as an important player in anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Kanematsu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Manabu Futamura
- Department of Breast and Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takata
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Siqin Gaowa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yamada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kasumi Morimitsu
- Department of Breast and Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akemi Morikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mori
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Abdelmagid SM, Sondag GR, Moussa FM, Belcher JY, Yu B, Stinnett H, Novak K, Mbimba T, Khol M, Hankenson KD, Malcuit C, Safadi FF. Mutation in Osteoactivin Promotes Receptor Activator of NFκB Ligand (RANKL)-mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Survival but Inhibits Osteoclast Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20128-46. [PMID: 25837253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on the importance of osteoactivin (OA/Gpnmb) in osteogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of OA in osteoclastogenesis, using mice with a nonsense mutation in the Gpnmb gene (D2J) and wild-type controls (D2J/Gpnmb(+)). In these D2J mice, micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses revealed increased cortical thickness, whereas total porosity and eroded surface were significantly reduced in D2J mice compared with wild-type controls, and these results were corroborated by lower serum levels of CTX-1. Contrary to these observations and counterintuitively, temporal gene expression analyses supported up-regulated osteoclastogenesis in D2J mice and increased osteoclast differentiation rates ex vivo, marked by increased number and size. The finding that MAPK was activated in early differentiating and mature D2J osteoclasts and that survival of D2J osteoclasts was enhanced and mediated by activation of the AKT-GSK3β pathway supports this observation. Furthermore, this was abrogated by the addition of recombinant OA to cultures, which restored osteoclastogenesis to wild-type levels. Moreover, mix and match co-cultures demonstrated an induction of osteoclastogenesis in D2J osteoblasts co-cultured with osteoclasts of D2J or wild-type. Last, in functional osteo-assays, we show that bone resorption activity of D2J osteoclasts is dramatically reduced, and these osteoclasts present an abnormal ruffled border over the bone surface. Collectively, these data support a model whereby OA/Gpnmb acts as a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation and survival but not function by inhibiting the ERK/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M Abdelmagid
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Gregory R Sondag
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, the School of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Fouad M Moussa
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, the School of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Joyce Y Belcher
- the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, and
| | - Bing Yu
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Hilary Stinnett
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Kimberly Novak
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Thomas Mbimba
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Matthew Khol
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- the Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Christopher Malcuit
- the School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, the School of Biomedical Sciences and
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24
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Role of inflammation in the aging bones. Life Sci 2014; 123:25-34. [PMID: 25510309 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in aging is characterized by increased inflammatory cytokines, bone loss, decreased adaptation, and defective tissue repair in response to injury. Aging leads to inherent changes in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, resulting in impaired osteoblastogenesis. Also, the pro-inflammatory cytokines increase with aging, leading to enhanced myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) play pivotal roles in osteoblast differentiation, the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and subsequent bone repair. However, during aging, little is known about the role of macrophages in the differentiation and function of MSC and HSC. Aged mammals have higher circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines than young adults, supporting the hypothesis of increased inflammation with aging. This review will aid in the understanding of the potential role(s) of pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in relation to aging.
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25
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Gabriel TL, Tol MJ, Ottenhof R, van Roomen C, Aten J, Claessen N, Hooibrink B, de Weijer B, Serlie MJ, Argmann C, van Elsenburg L, Aerts JMFG, van Eijk M. Lysosomal stress in obese adipose tissue macrophages contributes to MITF-dependent Gpnmb induction. Diabetes 2014; 63:3310-23. [PMID: 24789918 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, adipose tissue (AT) contains crown-like structures where macrophages surround nonviable adipocytes. To understand how AT macrophages (ATMs) contribute to development of insulin resistance, we examined their character in more detail. In silico analysis of F2 mouse populations revealed significant correlation between adipose glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (Gpnmb) expression and body weight. In obese mice and obese individuals, Gpnmb expression was induced in ATMs. Cultured RAW264.7 cells were used to obtain insight into the mechanism of Gpnmb regulation. Gpnmb was potently induced by lysosomal stress inducers, including palmitate and chloroquine, or Torin1, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These stimuli also provoked microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) translocation to the nucleus, and knockdown of MITF by short hairpin RNA indicated its absolute requirement for Gpnmb induction. In agreement with our in vitro data, reduced mTORC1 activity was observed in isolated ATMs from obese mice, which coincided with increased nuclear MITF localization and Gpnmb transcription. Aberrant nutrient sensing provokes lysosomal stress, resulting in attenuated mTORC1 activity and enhanced MITF-dependent Gpnmb induction. Our data identify Gpnmb as a novel marker for obesity-induced ATM infiltration and potentiator of interleukin-4 responses and point toward a crucial role for MITF in driving part of the ATM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanit L Gabriel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc J Tol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhof
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Berend Hooibrink
- Department of Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara de Weijer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Leonie van Elsenburg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Abdelmagid SM, Belcher JY, Moussa FM, Lababidi SL, Sondag GR, Novak KM, Sanyurah AS, Frara NA, Razmpour R, Del Carpio-Cano FE, Safadi FF. Mutation in osteoactivin decreases bone formation in vivo and osteoblast differentiation in vitro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:697-713. [PMID: 24462663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified osteoactivin (OA), encoded by Gpnmb, as an osteogenic factor that stimulates osteoblast differentiation in vitro. To elucidate the importance of OA in osteogenesis, we characterized the skeletal phenotype of a mouse model, DBA/2J (D2J) with a loss-of-function mutation in Gpnmb. Microtomography of D2J mice showed decreased trabecular mass, compared to that in wild-type mice [DBA/2J-Gpnmb(+)/SjJ (D2J/Gpnmb(+))]. Serum analysis showed decreases in OA and the bone-formation markers alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in D2J mice. Although D2J mice showed decreased osteoid and mineralization surfaces, their osteoblasts were increased in number, compared to D2J/Gpnmb(+) mice. We then examined the ability of D2J osteoblasts to differentiate in culture, where their differentiation and function were decreased, as evidenced by low alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses confirmed the decreased expression of differentiation markers in D2J osteoblasts. In vitro, D2J osteoblasts proliferated and survived significantly less, compared to D2J/Gpnmb(+) osteoblasts. Next, we investigated whether mutant OA protein induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in D2J osteoblasts. Neither endoplasmic reticulum stress markers nor endoplasmic reticulum ultrastructure were altered in D2J osteoblasts. Finally, we assessed underlying mechanisms that might alter proliferation of D2J osteoblasts. Interestingly, TGF-β receptors and Smad-2/3 phosphorylation were up-regulated in D2J osteoblasts, suggesting that OA contributes to TGF-β signaling. These data confirm the anabolic role of OA in postnatal bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M Abdelmagid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Joyce Y Belcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Fouad M Moussa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Suzanne L Lababidi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Gregory R Sondag
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Kimberly M Novak
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Afif S Sanyurah
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Nagat A Frara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roshanak Razmpour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabiola E Del Carpio-Cano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.
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Maric G, Rose AA, Annis MG, Siegel PM. Glycoprotein non-metastatic b (GPNMB): A metastatic mediator and emerging therapeutic target in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:839-52. [PMID: 23874106 PMCID: PMC3711880 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s44906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapies are rapidly growing with respect to their clinical development and impact on cancer treatment due to their highly selective anti-tumor action. However, many aggressive cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) currently lack well-defined therapeutic targets against which such agents can be developed. The identification of tumor-associated antigens and the generation of antibody drug-conjugates represent an emerging area of intense interest and growth in the field of cancer therapeutics. Glycoprotein non-metastatic b (GPNMB) has recently been identified as a gene that is over-expressed in numerous cancers, including TNBC, and often correlates with the metastatic phenotype. In breast cancer, GPNMB expression in the tumor epithelium is associated with a reduction in disease-free and overall survival. Based on these findings, glembatumumab vedotin (CDX-011), an antibody-drug conjugate that selectively targets GPNMB, is currently being investigated in clinical trials for patients with metastatic breast cancer and unresectable melanoma. This review discusses the physiological and potential pathological roles of GPNMB in normal and cancer tissues, respectively, and details the clinical advances and challenges in targeting GPNMB-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Maric
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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28
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Nigam A. Breast cancer stem cells, pathways and therapeutic perspectives 2011. Indian J Surg 2013; 75:170-80. [PMID: 24426422 PMCID: PMC3689383 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-012-0616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence for the existence of a heterogeneous population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) responsible for the initiation and maintenance of cancer has been characterized for several tumors recently. Purification and molecular characterization of normal human mammary stem cells from cultured mammospheres has been achieved, providing evidence supporting a model in which breast tumor heterogeneity is a reflection of a number of CSC-like cells in the tumor. A number of experimental methodologies have been developed to characterize epithelial stem cells, including the expression of cell surface or intracellular markers, mammosphere formation, exclusion of fluorescent dye by a side population, retention of the radionucleotide label, etc. Methodologies have also been successfully employed to identify tumorigenic cells within breast cancers. The most important characteristics of stem cells are the capacity for self-renewal and the regulation of the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. In the mammary gland, signaling pathways, such as Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch, play a role in embryogenesis and organogenesis and maintenance of tissues in the adult through regulation of the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Breast TAAs include epitopes from proteins, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and NYBR-1, which are involved in tissue differentiation. Targeting BCSCs may be achieved by a number of approaches such as chemotherapy sensitization of BCSCs, differentiating therapy, targeting stem cell elimination, targeting signaling pathways and drug transporters, and inhibition of regulatory pathways involved in self-renewal. Targeting cells which have the potential to metastasize will be an important aspect of the BCSC field as these are the cells that cause the majority of morbidity and mortality from breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Nigam
- Department of Surgery, Pt.J.N.M.Medical College, Raipur, 492001 CG India
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29
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Tsui KH, Chang YL, Feng TH, Chang PL, Juang HH. Glycoprotein transmembrane nmb: an androgen-downregulated gene attenuates cell invasion and tumorigenesis in prostate carcinoma cells. Prostate 2012; 72:1431-42. [PMID: 22290289 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoprotein transmembrane nmb (GPNMB) gene was originally identified in osteoblasts and belongs to the pmel-17/nmb family. The function or regulation of GPNMB in the human prostate remains unknown. METHODS The expression of GPNMB in prostate carcinoma cells were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblot assays. Effects of ectopic GPNMB overexpression on cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis were determined by (3) H-thymidine incorporation, matrigel invasion, soft agar cloning assays, and murine xenograft study. Effects of GPNMB, p53, and androgen on target gene were assessed using RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and transient gene expression assays. RESULTS In vitro analysis using several prostate cell lines suggested that expression of GPNMB may be relevant to the extent of neoplasia. Ectopic overexpression of GPNMB significantly attenuated cell proliferation and invasion and exerted antitumorigenic activity on PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. GPNMB overexpression induced the gene expressions of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (Ndrg1) and maspin in PC-3 cells. Doxorubicin treatment or transient overexpression of p53 increased GPNMB expression. Androgen (R1881) treatment has a divergent effect on gene expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and GPNMB in LNCaP cells. Androgen treatment enhanced cell proliferation but downregulated GPNMB protein expression in stably overexpressed androgen receptor (AR) CA-HPV-10 cells. CONCLUSIONS Together these results suggest that GPNMB gene is a p53- and androgen-dysregulated gene and should be regarded as an anti-tumor gene for prostate cancer. The enhancement of Ndrg1 and maspin gene expressions may account for the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive function of GPNMB in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
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30
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Sheng MHC, Wergedal JE, Mohan S, Amoui M, Baylink DJ, Lau KHW. Targeted overexpression of osteoactivin in cells of osteoclastic lineage promotes osteoclastic resorption and bone loss in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35280. [PMID: 22536365 PMCID: PMC3335057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to test whether targeted overexpression of osteoactivin (OA) in cells of osteoclastic lineage, using the tartrate-resistant acid phosphase (TRAP) exon 1B/C promoter to drive OA expression, would increase bone resorption and bone loss in vivo. OA transgenic osteoclasts showed ∼2-fold increases in OA mRNA and proteins compared wild-type (WT) osteoclasts. However, the OA expression in transgenic osteoblasts was not different. At 4, 8, and 15.3 week-old, transgenic mice showed significant bone loss determined by pQCT and confirmed by μ-CT. In vitro, transgenic osteoclasts were twice as large, had twice as much TRAP activity, resorbed twice as much bone matrix, and expressed twice as much osteoclastic genes (MMP9, calciton receptor, and ADAM12), as WT osteoclasts. The siRNA-mediated suppression of OA expression in RAW264.7-derived osteoclasts reduced cell size and osteoclastic gene expression. Bone histomorphometry revealed that transgenic mice had more osteoclasts and osteoclast surface. Plasma c-telopeptide (a resorption biomarker) measurements confirmed an increase in bone resorption in transgenic mice in vivo. In contrast, histomorphometric bone formation parameters and plasma levels of bone formation biomarkers (osteocalcin and pro-collagen type I N-terminal peptide) were not different between transgenic mice and WT littermates, indicating the lack of bone formation effects. In conclusion, this study provides compelling in vivo evidence that osteoclast-derived OA is a novel stimulator of osteoclast activity and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda H-C Sheng
- Regenerative Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America.
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31
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Huang JJ, Ma WJ, Yokoyama S. Expression and immunolocalization of Gpnmb, a glioma-associated glycoprotein, in normal and inflamed central nervous systems of adult rats. Brain Behav 2012; 2:85-96. [PMID: 22574278 PMCID: PMC3345354 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (Gpnmb) is a type I transmembrane protein implicated in cell differentiation, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. Gpnmb, which is highly expressed in glioblastoma cells, is a potential therapeutic target. However, little is known about its expression, cellular localization, and roles in non-tumorous neural tissues. In this study, we examined Gpnmb expression in the central nervous system of adult rats under both normal and inflammatory conditions. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that Gpnmb mRNA was expressed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord of normal adult rats. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed that Gpnmb-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed in the parenchyma of all brain regions examined, with the cells being most prevalent in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, cerebellar cortex, spinal dorsal horn, choroid plexus, ependyma, periventricular regions, and in layers II and III of the cerebral cortex. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that these cells were co-stained most frequently with the microglia/macrophage marker OX42, and occasionally with the radial glia marker RC2 or the neuronal marker NeuN. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal injection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide increased the number of Gpnmb and OX42 double-positive cells in the area postrema, which is one of the circumventricular organs, indicating infiltration of hematogenous macrophages. These results suggest that Gpnmb, which is expressed in microglia and macrophages in non-tumorous neural tissues, plays an important role in the regulation of immune/inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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32
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Arosarena OA, Del Carpio-Cano FE, Dela Cadena RA, Rico MC, Nwodim E, Safadi FF. Comparison of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteoactivin for mesenchymal cell differentiation: effects of bolus and continuous administration. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2943-52. [PMID: 21302290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Current osteoinductive protein therapy utilizes bolus administration of large doses of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which is costly, and may not replicate normal bone healing. The limited in vivo biologic activity of BMPs requires the investigation of growth factors that may enhance this activity. In this study, we utilized the C3H10T1/2 murine mesenchymal stem cell line to test the hypotheses that osteoactivin (OA) has comparable osteoinductive effects to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and that sustained administration of either growth factor would result in increased osteoblastic differentiation as compared to bolus administration. Sustained release biodegradable hydrogels were designed, and C3H10T1/2 cells were grown on hydrogels loaded with BMP-2 or OA. Controls were grown on unloaded hydrogels, and positive controls were exposed to bolus growth factor administration. Cells were harvested at several time points to assess osteoblastic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, and gene expression of ALP and osteocalcin were assessed. Treatment with OA or BMP-2 resulted in comparable effects on osteoblastic marker expression. However, cells grown on hydrogels demonstrated osteoblastic differentiation that was not as robust as cells treated with bolus administration. This study shows that OA has comparable effects to BMP-2 on osteoblastic differentiation using both bolus administration and continuous release, and that bolus administration of OA has a more profound effect than administration using hydrogels for sustained release. This study will lead to a better understanding of appropriate delivery methods of osteogenic growth factors like OA for repair of fractures and segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oneida A Arosarena
- Department of Otolaryngology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
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Patel-Chamberlin M, Wang Y, Satirapoj B, Phillips LM, Nast CC, Dai T, Watkins RA, Wu X, Natarajan R, Leng A, Ulanday K, Hirschberg RR, LaPage J, Nam EJ, Haq T, Adler SG. Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 (Gpnmb/Osteoactivin) is a biomarker of progressive renal injury across species. Kidney Int 2011; 79:1138-48. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abdelmagid SM, Barbe MF, Hadjiargyrou M, Owen TA, Razmpour R, Rehman S, Popoff SN, Safadi FF. Temporal and spatial expression of osteoactivin during fracture repair. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:295-309. [PMID: 20506259 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified osteoactivin (OA) as a novel secreted osteogenic factor with high expression in developing long bones and calvaria, and that stimulates osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization in vitro. In this study, we report on OA mRNA and protein expression in intact long bone and growth plate, and in fracture calluses collected at several time points up to 21 days post-fracture (PF). OA mRNA and protein were highly expressed in osteoblasts localized in the metaphysis of intact tibia, and in hypertrophic chondrocytes localized in growth plate, findings assessed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Using a rat fracture model, Northern blot analysis showed that expression of OA mRNA was significantly higher in day-3 and day-10 PF calluses than in intact rat femurs. Using in situ hybridization, we examined OA mRNA expression during fracture healing and found that OA was temporally regulated, with positive signals seen as early as day-3 PF, reaching a maximal intensity at day-10 PF, and finally declining at day-21 PF. At day-5 PF, which correlates with chondrogenesis, OA mRNA levels were significantly higher in the soft callus than in intact femurs. Similarly, we detected high OA protein immunoexpression throughout the reparative phase of the hard callus compared to intact femurs. Interestingly, the secreted OA protein was also detected within the newly made cartilage matrix and osteoid tissue. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that OA plays an important role in bone formation and serves as a positive regulator of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M Abdelmagid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Pahl MV, Vaziri ND, Yuan J, Adler SG. Upregulation of monocyte/macrophage HGFIN (Gpnmb/Osteoactivin) expression in end-stage renal disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 5:56-61. [PMID: 19833906 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03390509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hematopoietic growth factor-inducible neurokinin 1 (HGFIN), also known as Gpnmb and osteoactivin, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed in numerous cells, including osteoclasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It serves as an osteoblast differentiation factor, participates in bone mineralization, and functions as a negative regulator of inflammation in macrophages. Although measurable at low levels in monocytes, monocyte-to-macrophage transformation causes substantial increase in HGFIN expression. HGFIN is involved in systemic inflammation, bone demineralization, and soft tissue vascular calcification. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We explored HGFIN expression in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in 21 stable hemodialysis patients and 22 control subjects. RESULTS Dialysis patients exhibited marked upregulation of colony-stimulating factor and IL-6 and significant downregulation of IL-10 in intact monocytes and transformed macrophages. HGFIN expression in intact monocytes was negligible in control subjects but conspicuously elevated (8.6-fold) in dialysis patients. As expected, in vitro monocyte-to-macrophage transformation resulted in marked upregulation of HGFIN in cells obtained from both groups but much more so in dialysis patients (17.5-fold higher). Upregulation of HGFIN and inflammatory cytokines in the uremic monocyte-derived macrophages occurred when grown in the presence of either normal or uremic serum, suggesting the enduring effect of the in vivo uremic milieu on monocyte/macrophage phenotype and function. CONCLUSIONS Uremic macrophages exhibit increased HGFIN gene and protein expression and heightened expression of proinflammatory and a suppressed expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies are needed to determine the role of heightened monocyte/macrophage HGFIN expression in the pathogenesis of ESRD-induced inflammation and vascular and soft tissue calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine V Pahl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, UCI Medical Center, 101 The City Drive, Building 53, Room 125, Rt 81, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Breast cancer biology: the multifaceted roles of mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2008; 2008:425895. [PMID: 19277104 PMCID: PMC2648640 DOI: 10.1155/2008/425895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent upsurge in the interest of breast cancer metastasis is partly attributed to the discovery of novel, yet unclear, mechanisms of breast cancer interaction with sites of distant metastasis such as the bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the significance of the interactions between breast cancer cells and cells of the bone marrow. This is a subject of intense research studies aim to provide new methods of treatments and perhaps the identification of new drug targets. This review also discusses the role of inflammation and the bimodal function of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the process of tumorigenesis. We bring attention to future prospects in breast cancer research, including the role of microRNAs in cancer quiescence in the bone marrow and the application of microRNAs to basic science discoveries in oncology. Finally, we discuss the cancer stem cell hypothesis, which is not a new idea, but has resurged with investigative questions.
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Ghilardi C, Chiorino G, Dossi R, Nagy Z, Giavazzi R, Bani M. Identification of novel vascular markers through gene expression profiling of tumor-derived endothelium. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:201. [PMID: 18447899 PMCID: PMC2410137 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting tumor angiogenesis and vasculature is a promising strategy for the inhibition of tumor growth and dissemination. Evidence suggests that tumor vasculature expresses unique markers that distinguish it from normal vasculature. Our efforts focused on the molecular characterization of endothelial cells (EC) in the search for selective markers of tumor vasculature that might be helpful for the development of effective therapeutic approaches. RESULTS We investigated by microarray analysis the gene expression profiles of EC purified and cultured from tumor (ovarian carcinoma [HOC-EC]) and normal (human adrenal gland [HA-EC]) tissue specimens. We found distinct transcriptional features characterizing the EC of different origin, and identified 158 transcripts highly expressed by HOC-EC. We analyzed four of these genes, ADAM23, FAP, GPNMB and PRSS3, which were not previously known to be expressed by endothelium. In vitro experiments confirmed the higher expression of the selected genes in tumor-derived endothelium with no expression in tumor cells. In vivo investigation by in situ hybridization established that ADAM23, GPNMB and PRSS3 expression is localized on blood vessels of human cancer specimens. CONCLUSION These findings elucidate some of the molecular features of the tumor endothelium. Comparative transcriptomic analysis allowed us to determine molecular differences of tumor and normal tissue-derived endothelium and to identify novel markers that might be exploited to selectively target tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ghilardi
- Laboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastases, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy.
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Metz RL, Patel PS, Hameed M, Bryan M, Rameshwar P. Role of human HGFIN/nmb in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 9:R58. [PMID: 17845721 PMCID: PMC2242655 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HGFIN, previously identified as nmb, and its homolog osteoactivin are single transmembrane proteins that are expressed in differentiated immune cells. These proteins exhibit properties that could potentiate tumorigenesis or decrease invasiveness. These seemingly opposing roles of HGFIN suggest that this protein might be central to malignancies and might also behave as a tumor suppressor. Consistent with the reported roles for HGFIN is the fact that this gene is regulated by p53 through multiple binding sites in the 5' flanking region, and is expressed in osteoblasts. Methods This study used siRNA to knock-out HGFIN in non-tumorigenic breast cells and ectopically expressed HGFIN in breast cancer cells. In addition, in situ hybridization studies analyzed primary breast tissues from archived breast surgeries. Reporter gene assays studied the untranslated exon 1 of HGFIN. Results HGFIN expression led to reduced cell growth of breast cancer cells and reduced migration. At the molecular level, reporter gene analyses determined the untranslated exon 1 to be a negative regulator of the upstream enhancing effect. Ectopic expression of wild-type p53 in breast cancer cells that expressed endogenous mutant p53 resulted in increased HGFIN reporter gene activities. Conclusion As the majority of cancer cells have mutations in p53, further studies on the relationship between p53 and HGFIN expression, and its role in tumor genesis and bone invasion, might uncover novel therapy targets for breast and other cancers. The results show a central role for p53 in HGFIN expression, which appears to determine the behavior of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Metz
- Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Abdelmagid SM, Barbe MF, Arango-Hisijara I, Owen TA, Popoff SN, Safadi FF. Osteoactivin acts as downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects on osteoblast function. J Cell Physiol 2007; 210:26-37. [PMID: 17034042 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory previously showed that osteoactivin (OA) is a novel, osteoblast-related glycoprotein that plays a role in osteoblast differentiation and function. The purpose of this study was to examine the regulation of OA expression by BMP-2 and the role OA plays as a downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects in osteoblast function. Using primary osteoblast cultures, we tested different doses of BMP-2 on the regulation of OA expression during osteoblast development. To test whether Smad-1 signaling is responsible for BMP-2 regulation of OA expression, osteoblast cultures were transfected with Smad1 siRNA, treated with 50 ng/ml of BMP-2 and analyzed by Western blot. BMP-2 treatment increased OA mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner and this upregulation was blocked in Smad1 siRNA transfected cultures. We next examined whether the role of OA as a downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects on osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Osteoblast cultures were transfected with OA antisense oligonucleotides and treated with 50 ng/ml of BMP-2. Cultures transfected with OA antisense oligonucleotides and treated with BMP-2 showed a reduction of OA expression associated with a significant reduction in early and late differentiation markers induced by BMP-2. Therefore, OA acts, at least in part, as a downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects on osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Our findings suggest that BMP-2 regulates OA expression through the Smad1 signaling pathway. Our data also emphasize that OA protein acts as a downstream mediator of BMP-2 effects on osteoblast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M Abdelmagid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Singh AS, Caplan A, Corcoran KE, Fernandez JS, Preziosi M, Rameshwar P. Oncogenic and metastatic properties of preprotachykinin-I and neurokinin-1 genes. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 45:235-42. [PMID: 16901764 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the cancer with highest mortality among women in the United States. Entry of BC cells (BCCs) in bone marrow (BM) leads to poor prognosis. This review discusses studies showing interactions between BCCs and BM stroma, consequently providing BCCs with advantages of survival within BM. Myc transcription factor is investigated as a link between the transforming properties of peptides derived from the preprotachykinin-I gene (PPT-I) and Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor. A co-culture method previously described to model early integration of BCC in BM is used to study timeline changes of PPT-I and TGF-beta using northern analyses and a bioassay, respectively. The results show changes of both genes in BCCs and BM stroma. Relevance of these changes to homeostasis in BM is discussed. Myc has been shown to link the expressions of TGF-beta1 and PPT-I in BCCs. We now show a role for Myc in the expression of NK1. PPT-I and the chemokine SDF-1alpha induce the expression of each other through an autocrine mechanism. Since a role for Myc in SDF-1alpha-PPT-I axis has not been studied, we speculate on this finding, based on the cell-homing property of SDF-1alpha. Since Myc could be oncogenic, it might be involved in the transforming properties of PPT-I and NK1 while SDF-1alpha could be involved in cell-homing of BCCs through the regulation of PPT-I. The findings are discussed in the context of other related reports.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Northern
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL12
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism
- Review Literature as Topic
- Tachykinins/genetics
- Tachykinins/metabolism
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun S Singh
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School-University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, NJ 07103, United States
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Abstract
There is an expanding repertoire of mammalian tachykinins produced by a variety of tachykinin genes, gene splicing events and peptide processing. Novel tachykinin-binding molecules/receptors are proposed, but only, three tachykinin receptors are identified with certainty. The question remains - do more tachykinin receptors exist or is there just the need to reappraise our understanding of the known receptors? The tachykinin NK1 receptor, the preferred receptor for both substance P and the peripheral SP-like endokinins, exists in several tissue-specific conformations and isoforms and may provide some clues. This review addresses recent advances in this exciting field and raises challenging new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel M Page
- School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK.
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Pennefather JN, Lecci A, Candenas ML, Patak E, Pinto FM, Maggi CA. Tachykinins and tachykinin receptors: a growing family. Life Sci 2004; 74:1445-63. [PMID: 14729395 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The peptides of the tachykinin family are widely distributed within the mammalian peripheral and central nervous systems and play a well-recognized role as excitatory neurotransmitters. Currently, the concept that tachykinins act exclusively as neuropeptides is being challenged, since the best known members of the family, substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B, are also present in non-neuronal cells and in non-innervated tissues. Moreover, the recently cloned mammalian tachykinins hemokinin-1 and endokinins are primarily expressed in non-neuronal cells, suggesting a widespread distribution and important role for these peptides as intercellular signaling molecules. The biological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors denoted NK(1), NK(2) and NK(3) that belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. The identification of additional tachykinins has reopened the debate of whether more tachykinin receptors exist. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of tachykinins and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn N Pennefather
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Pharmacology, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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