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Baykal ND, Mermit B, Alp HH, Yıldız H. Evaluation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and apelin 13 levels as new potential biomarkers for pulmonary thromboembolism: A prospective clinical study. Respir Med 2024; 233:107776. [PMID: 39197686 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM The objective was to evaluate the serum levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and apelin 13 in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) and to investigate their diagnostic and prognostic role in PE patients with different mortality risk groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted in a tertiary referral center and included 124 subjects with 94 cases of PE and 30 cases of healthy control group. All subjects were 18 years of age or older. The diagnosis of PE was done with computed tomography angiography of the thorax. After the diagnosis of acute PE, the serum levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and apelin 13 levels were measured with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS The median and IQR (interquartile range) age of patients and control groups were 68 (56-76) and 61.5 (56-67) years, respectively. The majority of patients with PE had risk factors (97.88 %), and only two (2.12 %) had no known risk factors. HIF-1 alpha level was found to be higher in the patient group than in the control group (p = 0.03). At the same time, the HIF-1 alpha level was found to be higher in the high mortality risk group than in the control group, low mortality risk group and intermediate-low mortality risk group (p = 0.000, 0.011, 0.002, respectively). While there was no significant difference in NGAL level between the patient group and the control group, a significant difference was observed between the mortality groups. NGAL level was found to be higher in the high mortality risk group than the control group, low mortality risk group, and medium-low mortality risk group (p = 0.001, 0.000, 0.010, respectively). Apelin 13 levels did not differ significantly in all groups. CONCLUSION HIF-1 alpha is a promising biomarker in distinguishing between patients and control groups and in identifying those with high mortality risk in the patient group. At the same time, NGAL can be used as a successful biomarker in determining the group with high mortality risk in cases of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buket Mermit
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine Department of Chest Deseases, Van, Turkey.
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry, Van, Turkey
| | - Hanifi Yıldız
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine Department of Chest Deseases, Van, Turkey
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Cao Q, Zeng W, Nie J, Ye Y, Chen Y. The protective effects of apelin-13 in HIV-1 tat- induced macrophage infiltration and BBB impairment. Tissue Barriers 2024:2392361. [PMID: 39264117 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2392361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the blood - brain barrier (BBB) and subsequent inflammatory responses contribute to the development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Apelin-13, the most abundant member of the apelin family, acts as the ligand of the angiotensin receptor-like 1 (APJ). However, its pharmacological function in HAND and its underlying mechanism are unknown. In the current study, we report that the presence of HIV-1 Tat reduced the levels of Apelin-13 and APJ in the cortex tissue of mice. Importantly, Apelin-13 preserved BBB integrity against HIV-1 Tat in mice by increasing the expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Interestingly, increased macrophage infiltration, indicated by elevated CD68-positive staining was observed in the cortex after stimulation with HIV-1, which was mitigated by the administration of Apelin-13. Correspondingly, Apelin-13 reduced the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; (MCP-1). An in vitro two-chamber and two-cell trans-well assay demonstrated that HIV-1 Tat challenge significantly promoted macrophage migration, which was notably attenuated by the introduction of Apelin-13. Accordingly, treatment with Apelin-13 restored the HIV-1 Tat-induced reduction of occludin and ZO-1, while preventing the upregulation of MCP-1 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs). Our results suggest that Apelin-13 may reduce macrophage infiltration into brain tissues and mitigate BBB dysfunction in patients with HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- First Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingmin Nie
- First Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjun Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanchao Chen
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Matusik K, Kamińska K, Sobiborowicz-Sadowska A, Borzuta H, Buczma K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. The significance of the apelinergic system in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:969-988. [PMID: 38990214 PMCID: PMC11306362 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the number of cancer-related deaths is expected to increase. Common types of cancer include skin, breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers. While clinical research has improved cancer therapies, these treatments often come with significant side effects such as chronic fatigue, hair loss, and nausea. In addition, cancer treatments can cause long-term cardiovascular complications. Doxorubicin (DOX) therapy is one example, which can lead to decreased left ventricle (LV) echocardiography (ECHO) parameters, increased oxidative stress in cellular level, and even cardiac fibrosis. The apelinergic system, specifically apelin and its receptor, together, has shown properties that could potentially protect the heart and mitigate the damages caused by DOX anti-cancer treatment. Studies have suggested that stimulating the apelinergic system may have therapeutic benefits for heart damage induced by DOX. Further research in chronic preclinical models is needed to confirm this hypothesis and understand the mechanism of action for the apelinergic system. This review aims to collect and present data on the effects of the apelinergic system on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Matusik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kamińska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Sobiborowicz-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Borzuta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasper Buczma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Anima B, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Hormonal dependent expression of apelin and apelin receptor in the ovary and uterus of mice. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100918. [PMID: 38924877 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Apelin and APJ have been shown to regulate female reproductive functions. However, its uterine expression during the oestrous cycle and its regulation by ovarian steroids, along with gonadotropin regulation in the ovary, has not been investigated. This study aimed to analyze the steroid-dependent uterine expression of apelin/APJ in the uterus along with the oestrous cycle. Furthermore, it also aimed to investigate gonadotropin-dependent ovarian expression of apelin and APJ. To investigate the uterine expression of apelin and APJ during estrous cycle in mice, uterus at different estrous stage were collected. To explore the ovarian steroids dependent expression of apelin system in the uterus, ovariectomized mice were treated with only estrogen at dose of 30 ng/g, only progesterone at dose of 150 μg/g and combined doses. To study the effect of gonadotropin on ovarian expression of apelin system, immature mice were injected with 2.5 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) alone and both PMSG plus 2.5 IU of chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Apelin and APJ protein expression are modulated by estrous phases in the uterus. The uterine apelin and APJ expression are up-regulated by estrogen and down-regulated by progesterone. The expression and localization of APJ showed increased abundance in the follicles of PMSG treated mice, however, the PMSG plus HCG treatment showed formation of corpus luteum with increased abundance of APJ and progesterone secretion. The expression of apelin and APJ are regulated by pituitary gonadotropin in the ovary and uterine apelin system by ovarian steroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borgohain Anima
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:138. [PMID: 38806473 PMCID: PMC11133400 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. These signaling molecules, which are collectively termed exerkines, form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances, mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue adaption. Numerous scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such properties. Additionally, some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes. A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and disease. Herein, we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various diseases. By emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research, we provide a comprehensive overview of (i) the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion, (ii) the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption, and (iii) the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Das M, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Immunolocalization of apelin receptor (APJ) in mouse seminiferous epithelium. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:450-457. [PMID: 38390701 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The apelin receptor (APJ) belongs to the member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, and expression of APJ has been reported in the different cell types of testis. The seminiferous tubules in the testis can be identified as different stages (I-XII). It has been also suggested that different factors could be expressed in stage and cell-specific manner in the seminiferous tubules. Recently, we also shown that expression of APJ is developmentally regulated in the testis from PND1 to PND42. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of APJ in the testis of adult mice by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry showed that the APJ was highly specific for the round and elongated spermatids with stage-dependent changes. The seminiferous tubules at stages I-VII showed APJ immunostaining in the spermatid steps 1-8, not steps of 13-16. The seminiferous tubules at stages IX-XII showed APJ immunostaining in the spermatid steps 9-12. These results suggested the possible role of APJ in the spermiogenesis process. The intratesticular administration of APJ antagonist, ML221 showed a few round spermatids in the seminiferous tubules and some of the tubules with complete absence of round spermatid. Overall, we present evidence that APJ expression in spermatid is dependent on the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and APJ could be involved in the differentiation of round spermatid to elongated spermatid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milirani Das
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Vikas K Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Tahergorabi Z, Lotfi H, Rezaei M, Aftabi M, Moodi M. Crosstalk between obesity and cancer: a role for adipokines. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:155-168. [PMID: 34644215 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1988110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex organ that is increasingly being recognised as the largest endocrine organ in the body. Adipocytes among multiple cell types of adipose tissue can secrete a variety of adipokines, which are involved in signalling pathways and these can be changed by obesity and cancer. There are proposed mechanisms to link obesity/adiposity to cancer development including adipocytokine dysregulation. Among these adipokines, leptin acts through multiple pathways including the STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K pathways involved in cell growth. Adiponectin has the opposite action from leptin in tumour growth partly because of increased apoptotic responses of p53 and Bax. Visfatin increases cancer cell proliferation through ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, and p38 which are stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Omentin through the PI3K/Akt-Nos pathway is involved in cancer-tumour development. Apelin might be involved through angiogenesis in tumour progressions. PAI-1 via its anti-fibrinolytic activity on cell adhesion and uPA/uPAR activity influence cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamed Lotfi
- Khatamolanbia Hospital, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aftabi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Shi N, Wang Y, Xia Z, Zhang J, Jia S, Jiao Y, Wang C, Wang X, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang D. The regulatory role of the apelin/APJ axis in scarring: Identification of upstream and downstream mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167125. [PMID: 38508477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Scarring, a prevalent issue in clinical settings, is characterized by the excessive generation of extracellular matrix within the skin tissue. Among the numerous regulatory factors implicated in fibrosis across various organs, the apelin/APJ axis has emerged as a potential regulator of fibrosis. Given the shared attribute of heightened extracellular matrix production between organ fibrosis and scarring, we hypothesize that the apelin/APJ axis also plays a regulatory role in scar development. In this study, we examined the expression of apelin and APJ in scar tissue, normal skin, and fibroblasts derived from these tissues. We investigated the impact of the hypoxic microenvironment in scars on apelin/APJ expression to identify the transcription factors influencing apelin/APJ expression. Through overexpressing or knocking down apelin/APJ expression, we observed their effects on fibroblast secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. We further validated these effects in animal experiments while exploring the underlying mechanisms. Our findings demonstrated that the apelin/APJ axis is expressed in fibroblasts from keloid, hypertrophic scar, and normal skin. The regulation of apelin/APJ expression by the hypoxic environment in scars plays a significant role in hypertrophic scar and keloid development. This regulation promotes extracellular matrix secretion through upregulation of TGF-β1 expression via the PI3K/Akt/CREB1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shi
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhenyu Xia
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ya Jiao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Jixun Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Duyin Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Patil JD, Fredericks S. The role of adipokines in osteoporosis management: a mini review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336543. [PMID: 38516409 PMCID: PMC10956128 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis has been on the rise globally. With ageing populations, research has sought therapeutic solutions in novel areas. One such area is that of the adipokines. Current literature points to an important role for these chemical mediators in relation to bone metabolism. Well-established adipokines have been broadly reported upon. These include adiponectin and leptin. However, other novel adipokines such as visfatin, nesfatin-1, meteorin-like protein (Metrnl), apelin and lipocalin-2 are starting to be addressed pre-clinically and clinically. Adipokines hold pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties that influence the pathophysiology of various bone diseases. Omentin-1 and vaspin, two novel adipokines, share cardioprotective effects and play essential roles in bone metabolism. Studies have reported bone-protective effects of omentin-1, whilst others report negative associations between omentin-1 and bone mineral density. Lipocalin-2 is linked to poor bone microarchitecture in mice and is even suggested to mediate osteoporosis development from prolonged disuse. Nesfatin-1, an anorexigenic adipokine, has been known to preserve bone density. Animal studies have demonstrated that nesfatin-1 treatment limits bone loss and increases bone strength, suggesting exogenous use as a potential treatment for osteopenic disorders. Pre-clinical studies have shown adipokine apelin to have a role in bone metabolism, mediated by the enhancement of osteoblast genesis and the inhibition of programmed cell death. Although many investigations have reported conflicting findings, sufficient literature supports the notion that adipokines have a significant influence on the metabolism of bone. This review aims at highlighting the role of novel adipokines in osteoporosis while also discussing their potential for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Fredericks
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland – Medical University of Bahrain, Al Sayh, Bahrain
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Kirbaş ZÖ, Bayraktar B, Aktaş EO. Salivary apelin hormone response and dysfunctional attitudes in adolescents in Türkiye: a relational screening model. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:64. [PMID: 38336859 PMCID: PMC10854078 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is the period in which physical and emotional changes occur through hormones, the individual acquires gender characteristics and prepares for the adult role psychologically and physically. Dysfunctional attitudes are beliefs and attitudes that can lead to depression by causing negative thoughts about oneself, others, and the future.Dysfunctional attitudes negatively affect children's mental health. Hormones have a significant impact on human behavior and cognitive functions. However, little is known about the role and influence of hormones on dysfunctional attitudes. Apelin is a hormone responsible for controlling emotions by regulating emotional behavior. The level of dysfunctional attitudes is one of the important issues in nursing practice in terms of protecting and improving children's mental health. However, little is known about the role and impact of hormones on dysfunctional attitudes.This study aimed to examine adolescents' dysfunctional attitudes and salivary apelin hormone levels in terms of sociodemographic variables. METHODS The study was conducted in a relational screening model with 151 adolescents aged 9-14 years who were reported to be clinically healthy in Türkiye. Apelin hormone levels were analyzed by ELISA technique in the saliva samples of the participants. In the evaluation of dysfunctional attitudes, the relationship between the score obtained from the dysfunctional attitude scale and salivary hormone levels was evaluated. RESULTS In the study, a negative, strong and statistically significant correlation was found between the average salivary apelin hormone level and dysfunctional attitudes of adolescents (p =.000). Mean salivary hormone levels of apelin in adolescent girls and boys were 0.696 (SD 0.052) ng/ml, respectively; while 0.671 (SD 0.047) ng/ml was determined (p =.002), dysfunctional attitudes scale scores were 52.95 (SD 14.43); it was determined as 59.04 (SD 14.22) (p =.006). On the other hand, the highest average salivary apelin hormone level (p =.038). and the lowest level of dysfunctional attitudes were determined in adolescent girls aged 13-14 years (p =.028). CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found that while the salivary apelin hormone levels of adolescents decreased, their dysfunctional attitudes increased. We found that adolescents' dysfunctional attitudes decreased with age. In contrast, apelin hormone levels increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zila Özlem Kirbaş
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Türkiye.
| | - Bülent Bayraktar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Türkiye
| | - Elif Odabaşi Aktaş
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery Bayburt, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Türkiye
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Kaminska B, Kurowicka B, Kiezun M, Dobrzyn K, Kisielewska K, Gudelska M, Kopij G, Szymanska K, Zarzecka B, Koker O, Zaobidna E, Smolinska N, Kaminski T. The Role of Adipokines in the Control of Pituitary Functions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:353. [PMID: 38275812 PMCID: PMC10812442 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland is a key endocrine gland in all classes of vertebrates, including mammals. The pituitary gland is an important component of hypothalamus-pituitary-target organ hormonal regulatory axes and forms a functional link between the nervous system and the endocrine system. In response to hypothalamic stimuli, the pituitary gland secretes a number of hormones involved in the regulation of metabolism, stress reactions and environmental adaptation, growth and development, as well as reproductive processes and lactation. In turn, hormones secreted by target organs at the lowest levels of the hormonal regulatory axes regulate the functions of the pituitary gland in the process of hormonal feedback. The pituitary also responds to other peripheral signals, including adipose-tissue-derived factors. These substances are a broad group of peptides known as adipocytokines or adipokines that act as endocrine hormones mainly involved in energy homeostasis. Adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, apelin, chemerin, visfatin, and irisin, are also expressed in the pituitary gland, and they influence the secretory functions of this gland. This review is an overview of the existing knowledge of the relationship between chosen adipose-derived factors and endocrine functions of the pituitary gland, with an emphasis on the pituitary control of reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaminska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Beata Kurowicka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Karolina Szymanska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Barbara Zarzecka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Oguzhan Koker
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
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12
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Wen R, Huang R, Xu K, Cheng Y, Yi X. Beneficial effects of Apelin-13 on metabolic diseases and exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1285788. [PMID: 38089606 PMCID: PMC10714012 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1285788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a novel endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ, is encoded by the APLN gene and can be hydrolyzed into multiple subtypes, with Apelin-13 being one of the most active subtypes of the Apelin family. Recent studies have revealed that Apelin-13 functions as an adipokine that participates in the regulation of different biological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, thereby playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the results of recent studies on the association between Apelin-13 and various metabolic states remain controversial. Furthermore, Apelin-13 is regulated or influenced by various forms of exercise and could therefore be categorized as a new type of exercise-sensitive factor that attenuates metabolic diseases. Thus, in this review, our purpose was to focus on the relationship between Apelin-13 and related metabolic diseases and the regulation of response movements, with particular reference to the establishment of a theoretical basis for improving and treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Wen
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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13
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Luna-Hernández A, García-Juárez M, Palafox-Moreno J, Téllez-Angulo B, Domínguez-Ordóñez R, Pfaus JG, González-Flores O. Participation of the nitric oxide pathway in lordosis induced by apelin-13 in female rats. Horm Behav 2023; 156:105449. [PMID: 37922678 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the participation of the nitric oxide pathway in facilitating lordosis behavior induced by intrahypothalamic administration of apelin-13 in ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol benzoate (EB). The experiments involved the administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) or a nitric oxide-dependent, soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ), and an inhibitor of protein kinase G (KT5823) to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of EB-primed rats 30 min before infusion of apelin-13 (0.75 μg/μl). This dose of apelin-13 consistently induces lordosis behavior at 30 min, 120 min, and 240 min following infusion. Results showed that injections of either L-NAME or KT5823 significantly reduced the lordosis induced by apelin at 120 and 240 min. However, VMH infusion of ODQ 30 min before apelin-13 infusion reduced but did not significantly inhibit, the lordosis elicited by this peptide at the same time points. We conclude that the nitric oxide pathway in the VMH plays an important role in lordosis induced by apelin-13 in EB-primed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn Luna-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Marcos García-Juárez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Palafox-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Berenice Téllez-Angulo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Raymundo Domínguez-Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - James G Pfaus
- Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Czech National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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14
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Pisarenko OI, Studneva IM. Apelin C-Terminal Fragments: Biological Properties and Therapeutic Potential. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1874-1889. [PMID: 38105205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Creation of bioactive molecules for treatment of cardiovascular diseases based on natural peptides is the focus of intensive experimental research. In the recent years, it has been established that C-terminal fragments of apelin, an endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor, reduce metabolic and functional disorders in experimental heart damage. The review presents literature data and generalized results of our own experiments on the effect of apelin-13, [Pyr]apelin-13, apelin-12, and their chemically modified analogues on the heart under normal and pathophysiological conditions in vitro and in vivo. It has been shown that the spectrum of action of apelin peptides on the damaged myocardium includes decrease in the death of cardiomyocytes from necrosis, reduction of damage to cardiomyocyte membranes, improvement in myocardial metabolic state, and decrease in formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products. The mechanisms of protective action of these peptides associated with activation of the APJ receptor and manifestation of antioxidant properties are discussed. The data presented in the review show promise of the molecular design of APJ receptor peptide agonists, which can serve as the basis for the development of cardioprotectors that affect the processes of free radical oxidation and metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Pisarenko
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
| | - Irina M Studneva
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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15
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Ye L, Huang Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Cao Y, Kong X, Yuan X, Xu J, Zhu H. Apelin/APJ system protects placental trophoblasts from hypoxia-induced oxidative stress through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in preeclampsia. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:759-770. [PMID: 37774802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a placentally induced syndrome with diverse clinical presentation that currently has no cure. Oxidative stress is a potent inducer of placental dysfunction. The apelin receptor (APJ) system is a pleiotropic pathway with a potential for therapeutic targeting in preeclampsia. This study examines the alteration of circulating apelin levels and placental APJ expression in preeclampsia and investigates whether apelin/APJ system can protect placental trophoblast from hypoxia-induced oxidative stress injury through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. RESULTS Our results confirmed that maternal apelin concentration was increased in women with preeclampsia, but APJ expression was reduced in the preeclamptic placentas. Apelin-13 treatment not only specifically attenuated CoCl2-induced superoxide production, but also prevented CoCl2-induced reduction of SOD activity and SOD1 expression. In addition, apelin-13 suppressed CoCl2-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of bcl-2/bax ratio and by decreasing the expression of active caspase-3 in placental trophoblasts. Furthermore, we found that apelin-13 binding APJ activated the PI3K and AKT kinases and inhibition of PI3K kinase significantly blocked the anti-oxidative effects of apelin-13 in placental trophoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Decrease of placental APJ expression is associated with oxidative stress-induced placental dysfunction in preeclampsia, and increased circulating apelin could be a moderately successful marker to differentiate subjects with preeclampsia from healthy pregnant women. Inhibition of superoxide production and caspase-3 cleavage, together with upregulation of SOD activity/expression and bcl-2/bax ratio, could be the potential molecular mechanisms by which apelin-13/APJ protects placental trophoblasts from oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Ye
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yujia Huang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiangju Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaolei Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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16
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Ghzaiel I, Zarrouk A, Pires V, de Barros JPP, Hammami S, Ksila M, Hammami M, Ghrairi T, Jouanny P, Vejux A, Lizard G. 7β-Hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol: New oxidative stress biomarkers of sarcopenia inducing cytotoxic effects on myoblasts and myotubes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106345. [PMID: 37286110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process which can be associated with skeletal muscle degradation leading to sarcopenia. The aim of this study consisted i) to determine the oxidative and inflammatory status of sarcopenic patients and ii) to clarify the impact of oxidative stress on myoblasts and myotubes. To this end, various biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, leukotriene B4 (LTB4)) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonylated proteins and antioxidant enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) as well as oxidized derivatives of cholesterol formed by cholesterol autoxidation (7-ketocholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol), were analyzed. Apelin, a myokine which contributes to muscle strength, was also quantified. To this end, a case-control study was conducted to evaluate the RedOx and inflammatory status in 45 elderly subjects (23 non-sarcopenic; 22 sarcopenic) from 65 years old and higher. SARCopenia-Formular (SARC-F) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests were used to distinguish between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects. By using red blood cells, plasma and/or serum, we observed in sarcopenic patients an increased activity of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) associated with lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation (increased level of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and carbonylated proteins). Higher levels of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol were also observed in the plasma of sarcopenic patients. Significant differences were only observed with 7β-hydroxycholesterol. In sarcopenic patients comparatively to non-sarcopenic subjects, significant increase of CRP, LTB4 and apelin were observed whereas similar levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were found. The increased plasma level of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol in sarcopenic patients led us to study the cytotoxic effect of these oxysterols on undifferentiated (myoblasts) and differentiated (myotubes) murine C2C12 cells. With the fluorescein diacetate and sulforhodamine 101 assays, an induction of cell death was observed both on undifferentiated and differentiated cells: the cytotoxic effects were less pronounced with 7-ketocholesterol. In addition, IL-6 secretion was never detected whatever the culture conditions, TNF-α secretion was significantly increased on undifferentiated and differentiated C2C12 cells treated with 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and IL-8 secretion was increased on differentiated cells. 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death was strongly attenuated by α-tocopherol and Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil both on myoblasts and/or myotubes. TNF-α and/or IL-8 secretions were reduced by α-tocopherol and Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil. Our data support the hypothesis that the enhancement of oxidative stress observed in sarcopenic patients could contribute, especially via 7β-hydroxycholesterol, to skeletal muscle atrophy and inflammation via cytotoxic effects on myoblasts and myotubes. These data bring new elements to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and open new perspectives for the treatment of this frequent age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghzaiel
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia.
| | - Vivien Pires
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Sonia Hammami
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of BioMolecules, LR18ES03, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Université de Bourgogne, Lipidomic Platform, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Jouanny
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Department (Champmaillot), University Hospital Center, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France.
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17
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Safikhani A, Zendehdel M, Khodadadi M, Rahmani B, Ghashghayi E, Mahdavi K. Hypophagia induced by intracerebroventricular injection of apelin-13 is mediated via CRF1/CRF2 and MC3/MC4 receptors in neonatal broiler chicken. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114536. [PMID: 37295613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the role of apelin and its receptors in the regulation of food intake. In the present study, we investigate the mediating role of melanocortin, corticotropin, and neuropeptide Y systems in apelin-13- induced food intake in broilers. Eight trials were run in the current investigation to ascertain the relationships between the aforementioned systems and apelin-13 on food intake and behavioral changes after apelin-13 administration. In experiment 1, hens were given an intracerebroventricular administration of a solution for control in addition to apelin-13 (0.25, 0.5, and 1 µg). Astressin-B (a CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist, 30 µg), apelin-13 (1 µg), and administration of astressin-B and apelin-13 concurrently, were all injected into the birds in experiment 2. Experiments 3 through 8 were quite similar to experiment 2, with the exception of astressin2-B (CRF2 receptor antagonist, 30 µg), SHU9119 (MC3/MC4 receptor antagonist, 0.5 nmol), MCL0020 (MC4 receptor antagonist, 0.5 nmol), BIBP-3226 (NPY1 receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol), BIIE 0246 (NPY2 receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol), and CGP71683A (NPY5 receptor antagonist, 1.25 nmol) were injected instead of astressin-B. After then, total food consumption was monitored for 6 h. Apelin-13 injections of 0.5 and 1 µg decreased feeding (P < 0.05). The hypophagic effects of apelin were attenuated following the simultaneous administration of Astressin-B and Astressin2-B with apelin-13 (P > 0.05). Co-infusion of SHU9119 and apelin-13 reduced the appetite-decreasing effects of apelin-13 (P > 0.05). When MCL0020 and apelin-13 were injected at the same time, the hypophagia that apelin-13 induced was eliminated (P > 0.05). BIBP-3226, BIIE 0246, and CGP71683A had no effect on the hypophagia brought on by apelin-13 (P > 0.05). Also, apelin-13 significantly increased number of steps, jumps, exploratory food, pecks and standing time while decreased siting time (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that apelin-13-induced hypophagia in hens may involve the CRF1/CRF2 and MC3/MC4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Safikhani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Khodadadi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Behrouz Rahmani
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Elham Ghashghayi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Mahdavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
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18
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Nakawaki M, Kenmoku T, Uchida K, Arendt-Nielsen L, Nagura N, Takaso M. Expression of Apelin in Rotator Cuff Tears and Examination of Its Regulatory Mechanism: A Translational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44347. [PMID: 37654901 PMCID: PMC10465352 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammatory mediators play important roles in the pain associated with rotator cuff tears (RCTs), but their underlying mechanisms are unclear. Apelin, a neuropeptide, is upregulated under inflammatory conditions and possibly contributes to pain induced by rotator cuff tears. This translational study aimed to examine apelin expression and regulation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with RCT and in rat RCT models. METHODS Synovial tissues were harvested from the glenohumeral joints of the shoulders in 46 patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair for recurrent shoulder dislocations (RSDs) or arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for RCTs. The harvested tissues were extracted and processed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rats underwent sham or RCT surgery; the rotator cuff tissues were extracted 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days after surgery and analyzed for mRNA expression levels of the TNF-α and apelin using RT-PCR. The cultured rotator cuff cells (RCCs) were stimulated with TNF-α to examine their role in the regulation of apelin expression. RESULTS Apelin expression was higher in the RCT group than in the RSD group and significantly correlated with pain intensity. In rats, the expression was also higher in RCT. Apelin expression significantly increased during the acute and chronic phases in rats. CONCLUSIONS In cultured RCCs, apelin mRNA levels significantly increased after TNF-α stimulation. Apelin levels were regulated by TNF-α and were highly expressed in patients with RCT and rats in RCT models. Thus, apelin may be a new pain management target for RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsufumi Nakawaki
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, JPN
| | - Tomonori Kenmoku
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, JPN
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, JPN
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Health Science and Technology, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNP), Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DNK
- Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DNK
| | - Naoshige Nagura
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, JPN
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, JPN
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19
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Mehri K, Hamidian G, Zavvari Oskuye Z, Nayebirad S, Farajdokht F. The role of apelinergic system in metabolism and reproductive system in normal and pathological conditions: an overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1193150. [PMID: 37424869 PMCID: PMC10324965 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1193150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes have made metabolic disorders as one of the major threats to life. Growing evidence demonstrates that obesity and diabetes disrupt the reproductive system by affecting the gonads and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Apelin, an adipocytokine, and its receptor (APJ) are broadly expressed in the hypothalamus nuclei, such as paraventricular and supraoptic, where gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released, and all three lobes of the pituitary, indicating that apelin is involved in the control of reproductive function. Moreover, apelin affects food intake, insulin sensitivity, fluid homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolisms. This review outlined the physiological effects of the apelinergic system, the relationship between apelin and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, as well as the effect of apelin on the reproductive system in both gender. The apelin-APJ system can be considered a potential therapeutic target in the management of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Mehri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hamidian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sepehr Nayebirad
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Rossin D, Vanni R, Lo Iacono M, Cristallini C, Giachino C, Rastaldo R. APJ as Promising Therapeutic Target of Peptide Analogues in Myocardial Infarction- and Hypertension-Induced Heart Failure. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051408. [PMID: 37242650 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely expressed G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ) is activated by two bioactive endogenous peptides, apelin and ELABELA (ELA). The apelin/ELA-APJ-related pathway has been found involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological cardiovascular processes. Increasing studies are deepening the role of the APJ pathway in limiting hypertension and myocardial ischaemia, thus reducing cardiac fibrosis and adverse tissue remodelling, outlining APJ regulation as a potential therapeutic target for heart failure prevention. However, the low plasma half-life of native apelin and ELABELA isoforms lowered their potential for pharmacological applications. In recent years, many research groups focused their attention on studying how APJ ligand modifications could affect receptor structure and dynamics as well as its downstream signalling. This review summarises the novel insights regarding the role of APJ-related pathways in myocardial infarction and hypertension. Furthermore, recent progress in designing synthetic compounds or analogues of APJ ligands able to fully activate the apelinergic pathway is reported. Determining how to exogenously regulate the APJ activation could help to outline a promising therapy for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Roberto Vanni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marco Lo Iacono
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Caterina Cristallini
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, IPCF ss Pisa, CNR, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
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21
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Pécheux O, Correia-Branco A, Cohen M, Martinez de Tejada B. The Apelinergic System in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098014. [PMID: 37175743 PMCID: PMC10178735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system is a highly conserved pleiotropic system. It comprises the apelin receptor apelin peptide jejunum (APJ) and its two peptide ligands, Elabela/Toddler (ELA) and apelin, which have different spatiotemporal localizations. This system has been implicated in the regulation of the adipoinsular axis, in cardiovascular and central nervous systems, in carcinogenesis, and in pregnancy in humans. During pregnancy, the apelinergic system is essential for embryo cardiogenesis and vasculogenesis and for placental development and function. It may also play a role in the initiation of labor. The apelinergic system seems to be involved in the development of placenta-related pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction, but an improvement in PE-like symptoms and birth weight has been described in murine models after the exogenous administration of apelin or ELA. Although the expression of ELA, apelin, and APJ is altered in human PE placenta, data related to their circulating levels are inconsistent. This article reviews current knowledge about the roles of the apelinergic system in pregnancy and its pathophysiological roles in placenta-related complications in pregnancy. We also discuss the challenges in translating the actors of the apelinergic system into a marker or target for therapeutic interventions in obstetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Pécheux
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Correia-Branco
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoῆa Martinez de Tejada
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Chen L, Liu C, Xue Y, Chen XY. Several neuropeptides involved in parkinsonian neuroprotection modulate the firing properties of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Neuropeptides 2023; 99:102337. [PMID: 37087783 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons display altered spontaneous firing activity in Parkinson's disease. The firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons decreases long before complete neuronal death and the appearance of parkinsonian symptoms. A mild stimulation could rescue dopaminergic neurons from death and in turn play neuroprotective effects. Several neuropeptides, including cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, neurotensin, orexin, tachykinins and apelin, within the substantia nigra pars compacta play important roles in the modulation of spontaneous firing activity of dopaminergic neurons and therefore involve motor control and motor disorders. Here, we review neuropeptide-induced modulation of the firing properties of nigral dopaminergic neurons. This review may provide a background to guide further investigations into the involvement of neuropeptides in movement control by modulating firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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23
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Popov SV, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Kurbatov BK, Gorbunov AS, Kilin M, Azev VN, Khlestkina MS, Sufianova GZ. Apelin Is a Prototype of Novel Drugs for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Adverse Myocardial Remodeling. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031029. [PMID: 36986889 PMCID: PMC10056827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is 5-6%. Consequently, it is necessary to develop fundamentally novel drugs capable of reducing mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Apelins could be the prototype for such drugs. Chronic administration of apelins mitigates adverse myocardial remodeling in animals with myocardial infarction or pressure overload. The cardioprotective effect of apelins is accompanied by blockage of the MPT pore, GSK-3β, and the activation of PI3-kinase, Akt, ERK1/2, NO-synthase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, matrix metalloproteinase, the epidermal growth factor receptor, Src kinase, the mitoKATP channel, guanylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, protein kinase C, the Na+/H+ exchanger, and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. The cardioprotective effect of apelins is associated with the inhibition of apoptosis and ferroptosis. Apelins stimulate the autophagy of cardiomyocytes. Synthetic apelin analogues are prospective compounds for the development of novel cardioprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Popov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cardiology Research Institute, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Kyevskaya 111A, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cardiology Research Institute, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Kyevskaya 111A, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Mukhomedzyanov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cardiology Research Institute, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Kyevskaya 111A, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - Boris K Kurbatov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cardiology Research Institute, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Kyevskaya 111A, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - Alexandr S Gorbunov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cardiology Research Institute, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Kyevskaya 111A, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - Michail Kilin
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cardiology Research Institute, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Kyevskaya 111A, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - Viacheslav N Azev
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Maria S Khlestkina
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen 625023, Russia
| | - Galina Z Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen 625023, Russia
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24
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Regulatory role of apelin receptor signaling in migration and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived mesoderm cells and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Hum Cell 2023; 36:612-630. [PMID: 36692671 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesoderm-derived cells, including bone, muscle, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), constitute various parts of vertebrate body. Cell therapy with mesoderm specification in vitro may be a promising treatment for diseases affecting organs of mesodermal origin. Repair and regeneration of damaged organs with in vitro generation of mesoderm-derived tissues and MSCs hold a great potential for regenerative therapy. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways involving mesoderm and mesoderm-derived cellular differentiation is important. Previous findings indicated the importance of Apelin receptor (Aplnr) signaling, during embryonic development, in gastrulation, cell migration, and differentiation. Nevertheless, regulatory role of Aplnr pathway in differentiation of mesoderm and mesoderm-derived MSCs remains unclear. In the current study, we tried to elucidate the role of Aplnr signaling during mesoderm cell migration and differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). By activating and suppressing Aplnr signaling pathway via peptide, small molecule, and genetic modifications including siRNA- and shRNA-mediated knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout (KO), we revealed that Aplnr signaling not only induces migration of cells during germ layer formation but also enhances mesoderm differentiation through FGF/MAPK pathway. Antibody array and LC/MS protein profiling data demonstrated that Apelin-13 treatment enhanced cell cycle, EGFR, FGF, Wnt, and Integrin signaling pathway proteins. Furthermore, Aplelin-13 treatment improved MSC characteristics, with mesenchymal phenotype and high expression of MSC markers, and silencing Aplnr signaling components resulted in significantly reduced expression of MSC markers. Also, Aplnr signaling activity enhanced proliferation and survival of the cells during MSC derivation from mesoderm.
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25
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Chen Z, Luo X, Liu M, Jiang J, Li Y, Huang Z, Wang L, Cao J, He L, Huang S, Hu H, Li L, Chen L. Elabela-apelin-12, 17, 36/APJ system promotes platelet aggregation and thrombosis via activating the PANX1-P2X7 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:586-605. [PMID: 36855998 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The elabela-apelin/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated protein (APJ) system is an important regulator in certain thrombosis-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction. Our previous reports have revealed that apelin exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions. However, the relationship between the elabela-apelin/APJ system and platelet aggregation and atherothrombosis is unclear. The results of the present study demonstrate that elabela and other endogenous ligands such as apelin-12, -17, and -36 induce platelet aggregation and thrombosis by activating the pannexin1(PANX1)-P2X7 signaling pathway. Interestingly, the diuretic, spironolactone, a novel PANX1 inhibitor, alleviated elabela- and apelin isoforms-induced platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Significantly, two potential antithrombotic drugs were screened out by targeting APJ receptors, including the anti-HIV ancillary drug cobicistat and the traditional Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin A. Both cobicistat and Schisandrin A abolished the effects of elabela and apelin isoforms on platelet aggregation, thrombosis, and cerebral infarction. In addition, cobicistat significantly attenuated thrombosis in a ponatinib-induced zebrafish trunk model. Overall, the elabela-apelin/APJ axis mediated platelet aggregation and thrombosis via the PANX1-P2X7 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Blocking the APJ receptor with cobicistat/Schisandrin A or inhibiting PANX1 with spironolactone may provide novel therapeutic strategies against thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shifang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haoliang Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Changde Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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26
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Pisarenko OI, Studneva IM. Modified APJ Receptor Peptide Ligands as Postconditioning Drugs in Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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27
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Théroux L, Van Den Hauwe R, Trân K, Fournier J, Desgagné M, Meneboo N, Lavallée A, Fröhlich U, Côté J, Hollanders C, Longpré JM, Murza A, Marsault E, Sarret P, Boudreault PL, Ballet S. Signaling Modulation via Minimal C-Terminal Modifications of Apelin-13. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:290-305. [PMID: 36798478 PMCID: PMC9926529 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide that is involved in many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cancer, which has made it an attractive target for drug discovery. Herein, we explore the penultimate and final sequence positions of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 (Ape13) via C-terminal N α-alkylated amide bonds and the introduction of positive charges, potentially targeting the allosteric sodium pocket, by assessing the binding affinity and signaling profiles at the apelin receptor (APJ). Synthetic analogues modified within this segment of Ape13 showed high affinity (K i 0.12-0.17 nM vs Ape13 K i 0.7 nM), potent Gαi1 activation (EC50 Gαi1 0.4-0.9 nM vs Ape13 EC50 1.1 nM), partial agonist behavior disfavoring β-arrestin 2 recruitment for positively charged ligands (e.g., 49 (SBL-AP-058), EC50 β-arr2 275 nM, E max 54%) and high plasma stability for N-alkyl ligands (t 1/2 > 7 h vs Ape13 t 1/2 0.5 h). Combining the benefits of the N α-alkylated amide bond with the guanidino substitution in a constrained ligand led to 63 (SBL-AP-049), which displayed increased plasma stability (t 1/2 5.3 h) and strong reduction of β-arrestin 2 signaling with partial maximal efficacy (EC50 β-arr 864 nM, E max 48%), significantly reducing the hypotensive effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Théroux
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Robin Van Den Hauwe
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kien Trân
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Justin Fournier
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nathan Meneboo
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexis Lavallée
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Fröhlich
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Charlie Hollanders
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Murza
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Zhang Y, Jiang W, Sun W, Guo W, Xia B, Shen X, Fu M, Wan T, Yuan M. Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Neurological Diseases. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1648-1662. [PMID: 36745269 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is a natural ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, and the apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in vivo. Among the apelin family, apelin-13 is the major apelin isoform in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and is involved in the regulation of various physiopathological mechanisms such as apoptosis, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. Apelin is currently being extensively studied in the nervous system, and apelin-13 has been shown to be associated with the onset and progression of a variety of neurological disorders, including stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, spinal cord injury (SCI), and psychiatric diseases. This study summarizes the pathophysiological roles of apelin-13 in the development and progression of neurological related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Beibei Xia
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangru Shen
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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29
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The investigation of apelin and apelin receptor expressions in mouse endometrium during peri-implantation period. Ann Anat 2023; 246:152027. [PMID: 36379349 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertilization, pre-implantation embryo development, implantation, and decidualization are critical for a healthy pregnancy. Successful implantation requires a competent blastocyst and a receptive uterus. Apelin was purified from the bovine stomach in 1998. Apelin receptor (APJ) is a member of G protein-coupled receptors. Apelin/APJ system's physiological role was shown in cardiovascular system, immune response, stress response, fluid regulation, nutrient uptake, angiogenesis, and adipoinsular axis; however, whether apelin/APJ system plays a role in implantation is unknown. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the localization and expressions of the apelin/APJ system in the peri-implantation period mouse uterus. METHODS Uteri and implantation sites were collected from mice on the estrous phase and the 1st, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th days of pregnancy. Also, inter-implantation sites were collected from the 5th day of the pregnancy group. Localization and expressions of apelin and APJ were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Apelin and APJ were expressed in the luminal and gland epithelium, the stroma of all experimental groups. Two isoforms of apelin-8 and 16 kDa were detected by Western blot. While apelin expression increased from the estrous to the 8th day of pregnancy, APJ expression increased from the estrous to the 4th day of pregnancy, reached the highest expression level, then decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the apelin/APJ system might be involved in implantation and decidualization. Our findings will guide further studies and may help elucidate the underlying causes of implantation failure and pregnancy loss.
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Gupta M, Korde JP, Bahiram KB, Sardar VM, Kurkure NV. Expression and localization of apelin and apelin receptor (APJ) in buffalo ovarian follicles and corpus luteum and the in-vitro effect of apelin on steroidogenesis and survival of granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2023; 197:240-251. [PMID: 36525863 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone with many physiological functions, including the regulation of female reproduction. It acts through an orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ/APLNR. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of apelin and its receptor APJ in the ovarian follicles and corpus luteum (CL) and the role of apelin on steroidogenesis and cell survival. Ovarian follicles were classified into four groups based on size and estradiol (E2) level in the follicular fluid as follows: (i) F1 (4-6 mm; <0.5 ng/mL) (ii) F2 (7-9 mm; 0.5-5 ng/mL) (iii) F3 (10-13 mm; 5-40 ng/mL) and (iv) F4 (dominant/pre-ovulatory follicle) (>13 mm; >180 ng/mL). The corpora lutea (CL) were categorized into early (CL1), mid (CL2), late luteal (CL3), and regressing (CL4) CL stages. Expression of apelin increased with follicle size, with significantly greatest in the dominant or pre-ovulatory follicle (P < 0.05). Expression of APJ was greater in large and dominant follicles than in small and medium follicles (P < 0.05). In CL, the mRNA and protein abundance of apelin and apelin receptor was greater during mid (CL2) and late luteal (CL3) stages as compared to early (CL1) and regressing (CL4) stages (P < 0.05). Both the factors were localized in granulosa and theca cells of follicles and small and large luteal cells of CL. The pattern of the intensity of immunofluorescence was similar to mRNA and protein expression. Granulosa cells were cultured in vitro and treated at 1, 10, and 10 ng/mL apelin-13 either alone or in the presence of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (30 ng/mL) or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (10 ng/mL) for 48 h. The luteal cells were treated with apelin-13 at 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL doses for 48 h. Apelin treatment at 10 and 100 ng/ml significantly (P < 0.05) increased E2 secretion, cytochrome P450 aromatase or CYP19A1 expression in GC. In luteal cells, apelin at 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL significantly (P < 0.05) increased progesterone (P4) secretion and HSD3B1 expression. In GCs, apelin, either alone or in combination, increased PCNA expression and inhibited CASPASE3 expression suggesting its role in cell survival. In conclusion, this study provides novel evidence for the presence of apelin and receptor APJ in ovarian follicles and corpora lutea and the stimulatory effect on E2 and P4 production and promotes GC survival in buffalo, suggesting the role of apelin in follicular and luteal functions in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, 440006, India.
| | - Jayant P Korde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, 440006, India
| | - K B Bahiram
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, 440006, India
| | - V M Sardar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, 440006, India
| | - Nitin V Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, 440006, India
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Anima B, Guruswami G, Roy VK. Postnatal developmental expression and localization of apelin and apelin receptor protein in the ovary and uterus of mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:42-52. [PMID: 36459577 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal ovarian and uterine development is crucial to accomplished female fertility. Thus, the investigations of factors that present in pre-pubertal stages are important as it might be responsible for the regulation of ovarian and uterine function. Apelin, an adipokine and its receptor (APJ) are present in female reproductive organs. However, no study has reported its postnatal expression in uterus and ovary. Thus, we investigated the postnatal developmental changes in expression and localization of apelin and APJ in the ovary and uterus of mice. Postnatal ovary and uterus were collected from postnatal day (PND) 1, 7, 14, 21, 42, 65 and performed western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Uterine APJ is elevated in PND14 and PND65, whereas, ovarian APJ elevated in PND7, PND14, and PND65. Apelin expression in both ovary and uterus showed intense staining at PND65 and PND14. Our results showed that apelin and APJ abundance was lower at PND21 in uterus and ovary. In conclusion, apelin and APJ are developmentally regulated in the ovary and uterus, and its localization in the different compartments of ovary and uterus suggest its distribution specific physiological role in the uterus and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borgohain Anima
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Vikas K Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Respekta N, Pich K, Dawid M, Mlyczyńska E, Kurowska P, Rak A. The Apelinergic System: Apelin, ELABELA, and APJ Action on Cell Apoptosis: Anti-Apoptotic or Pro-Apoptotic Effect? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010150. [PMID: 36611944 PMCID: PMC9818302 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system comprises two peptide ligands, apelin and ELABELA, and their cognate G-protein-coupled receptor, the apelin receptor APJ. Apelin is a peptide that was isolated from bovine stomach extracts; the distribution of the four main active forms, apelin-36, -17, -13, and pyr-apelin-13 differs between tissues. The mature form of ELABELA-32 can be transformed into forms called ELABELA-11 or -21. The biological function of the apelinergic system is multifaceted, and includes the regulation of angiogenesis, body fluid homeostasis, energy metabolism, and functioning of the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. This review summarises the mechanism of the apelinergic system in cell apoptosis. Depending on the cell/tissue, the apelinergic system modulates cell apoptosis by activating various signalling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), 5'AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA). Apoptosis is critically important during various developmental processes, and any dysfunction leads to pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and developmental defects. The purpose of this review is to present data that suggest a significant role of the apelinergic system as a potential agent in various therapies.
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Ivanov MN, Stoyanov DS, Pavlov SP, Tonchev AB. Distribution, Function, and Expression of the Apelinergic System in the Healthy and Diseased Mammalian Brain. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2172. [PMID: 36421846 PMCID: PMC9690544 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a peptide initially isolated from bovine stomach extract, is an endogenous ligand for the Apelin Receptor (APLNR). Subsequently, a second peptide, ELABELA, that can bind to the receptor has been identified. The Apelin receptor and its endogenous ligands are widely distributed in mammalian organs. A growing body of evidence suggests that this system participates in various signaling cascades that can regulate cell proliferation, blood pressure, fluid homeostasis, feeding behavior, and pituitary hormone release. Additional research has been done to elucidate the system's potential role in neurogenesis, the pathophysiology of Glioblastoma multiforme, and the protective effects of apelin peptides on some neurological and psychiatric disorders-ischemic stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses the current knowledge on the apelinergic system's involvement in brain physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N. Ivanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo S. Stoyanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan P. Pavlov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anton. B. Tonchev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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Construction and functional enrichment analysis of the competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy based on high-throughput sequencing. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1253-1267. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Presence and localization of apelin and its cognate receptor in canine testes using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:929-935. [PMID: 36331787 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, a member of the adipokine family, is a novel endogenous peptide which regulates the male reproductive system of mammals by interacting with a specific receptor. Recent studies have highlighted that apelin may play a role in the regulation of reproduction by reducing testosterone production and inhibiting LH secretion. To the best of our knowledge, there is no available data on the presence of the apelin and its receptor in canine testes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the presence of apelin and evaluate its distribution in the canine testes using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. For this purpose, five fertile and healthy male dogs were subjected to elective orchiectomy. The immunohistochemical reaction revealed the presence of apelin and its receptor in the canine testes. Apelin was localized in spermatids and spermatozoa with a positive signal in the "acrosomal bodies". As regards the apelin receptor, a positive immunoreaction was detected in the cytoplasm of the cells localized near to the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubules and in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. The RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of transcripts for apelin and apelin receptor in all of the samples under study. A 35kDa band confirmed apelin receptor protein expression in all of the samples analysed. In conclusion, the paracrine and endocrine role of apelin and its cognate receptor on male reproduction reported in humans and laboratory animals could also be hypothesized in dogs.
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Abot A, Robert V, Fleurot R, Dardente H, Hellier V, Froment P, Duittoz A, Knauf C, Dufourny L. How does apelin affect LH levels? An investigation at the level of GnRH and KNDy neurons. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 557:111752. [PMID: 35973528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic control of reproduction relies on GnRH and kisspeptin (KP) secretions. KP neurons are sensitive to sex steroids and metabolic status and their distribution overlaps with neurons producing apelin, a metabolic hormone known to decrease LH secretion in rats. Here, we observed neuroanatomical contacts between apelin fibers and both KP and GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus of male rodents. Intracerebroventricular apelin infusion for 2 weeks in male mice did not decrease LH levels nor did it affect gene expression for KP, neurokinin B and dynorphin. Finally, increasing apelin concentrations did not modulate Ca2+ levels of cultured GnRH neurons, while 10 μM apelin infusion on forskolin pretreated GnRH neurons revoked a rhythmic activity in 18% of GnRH neurons. These results suggest that acute apelin effect on LH secretion does not involve modulation of gene expression in KP neurons but may affect the secretory activity of GnRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, International Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, CS 60039, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Renaud Fleurot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vincent Hellier
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Duittoz
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, International Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, CS 60039, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurence Dufourny
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Pérez-López FR, Wu JN, Yao L, López-Baena MT, Pérez-Roncero GR, Varikasuvu SR. Apelin levels in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:803-812. [PMID: 36002980 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated maternal apelin levels in pregnant women with and without GDM. Secondary outcomes were glucose- and lipid-related results.Methods: Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, CNKI, and Wang Fang were searched. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Mean differences (MDs) or standardized MDs (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated. Random effect model analyses were carried out and heterogeneity with the I2 and Tau2 statistics.Results: Fourteen observational studies (sample size: 1033 women with GDM and 1053 for control women) with a low or moderate risk of bias were included in the analysis. During the second half of pregnancy, maternal apelin estimate was significantly higher in women with GDM (SMD = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.25), as well as insulin (SMD = 1.41% CI: 0.84 to 1.99), glucose (SMD = 1.56; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.91), glycated hemoglobin (SMD = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.54), HOMA-IR (MD = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.51 to 2.98), BMI (MD = 0.80 kg/m2, 95%CI: 0.52 to 1.08), total cholesterol (SMD = 0.42, 0.12 to 0.73), LDL-cholesterol (SMD = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.23 to 1.02), and triglycerides (SMD = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.61) as compared to control women. There was heterogeneity between studies as evidence by high I2 values. Meta-regression analysis indicated statistically significant regression coefficients for age of women, glucose and total cholesterol.Conclusions: GDM was associated with increased circulating apelin, insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels, and HOMA-IR index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino R Pérez-López
- Health Outcomes and Systematic Analyses, Aragón Health Research Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jiang-Nan Wu
- Research Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yao
- Research Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - María T López-Baena
- Health Outcomes and Systematic Analyses, Aragón Health Research Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
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Protective effects of apelin on gastric mucosa. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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High APLN Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis for Glioma Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8393336. [PMID: 36193059 PMCID: PMC9526648 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8393336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apelin (APLN) is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (APLNR). APLN/APLNR system was involved in a variety of pathological and physiological functions, such as tumorigenesis and development. However, its prognostic roles in patients with central nervous system (CNS) cancers remain unknown. The present study was designed to explore the expression profile, prognostic significance, and interaction network of APLN/APLNR by integrating data from Oncomine, GEPIA, LOGpc, STRING, GeneMANIA, and immunohistochemical staining. The results demonstrated that APLN and APLNR mRNA expression were significantly increased in CNS cancers, including both low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM), when compared with normal CNS tissues. The high APLN, but not APLNR, expression was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS), recurrence free survival (RFS), and progression free survival (PFS) of LGG patients. However, neither APLN nor APLNR expression was significantly related to prognostic value in terms of OS, disease free interval (DFI), disease specific survival (DSS), or progression free interval (PFI) for GBM patients. Additionally, immunohistochemistry staining confirmed the increased APLN expression in tissues of LGG patients with grade II than grade I. These results showed that an elevated APLN level could predict poor OS, RFS, and PFS for LGG patients, and it could be a promising prognostic biomarker for LGG.
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Abou Baker DH. Can natural products modulate cytokine storm in SARS-CoV2 patients? BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 35:e00749. [PMID: 35702395 PMCID: PMC9181898 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the number of cases and deaths of SARS-CoV2, especially among the chronic disease groups, due to aggressive SARS-CoV2 infection is increasing day by day. Various infections, particularly viral ones, cause a cytokine storm resulting in shortness of breath, bleeding, hypotension, and ultimately multi-organ failure due to over-expression of certain cytokines and necrosis factors. The most prominent clinical feature of SARS-CoV2 is the presence of elevated proinflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with SARS-CoV2. Severe cases exhibit higher levels of cytokines, leading to a "cytokine storm" that further increases disease severity and causes acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death. Therefore, targeted cytokine production could be a potential therapeutic option for patients severely infected with SARS-CoV2. Given the current scenario, great scientific progress has been made in understanding the disease and its forms of treatment. Because of natural ingredients properties, they have the potential to be used as potential agents with the ability to modulate immune responses. Moreover, they can be used safely because they have no toxic effects, are biodegradable and biocompatible. However, these natural substances can continue to be used in the development of new therapies and vaccines. Finally, the aim and approach of this review article is to highlight current research on the possible use of natural products with promising potential as immune response activators. Moreover, consider the expected use of natural products when developing potential therapies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha H. Abou Baker
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Institute, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt
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Neuropeptide apelin presented in the dopaminergic neurons modulates the neuronal excitability in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Neuropharmacology 2022; 219:109235. [PMID: 36041497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta are characterized by autonomous pacemaking activity. The spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons plays an important role in physiological function and is essential for their survival. Importantly, the spontaneous firing activity may also be involved in the preferential vulnerability of the nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuropeptide apelin was reported to exert neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. And it was noticed that apelin modulates neuronal activity in some brain regions. The present study investigated the electrophysiological and behavioral effects of apelin in the substantia nigra. Double-labeling immunofluorescence showed that apelin was present in nigral dopaminergic neurons and that these neurons expressed apelin receptor APJ. Further single unit in vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed that endogenous apelin tonically increased the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons in both normal and parkinsonian animals. Exogenous apelin-13 exerted excitatory effects on the majority of nigral dopaminergic neurons, yet reduced excitability in a subset of neurons. In addition, nigral application of apelin-13 increased motor activity in normal rats and blocking endogenous apelin reduced motor activity. Considering the involvement of the spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons in the development of PD and the possibility that apelin acts in an autocrine manner on apelin receptors expressed by nigral dopaminergic neurons, the modulation of the spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons by apelin may serve as a neuroprotective factor in PD.
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Li J, Chen Z, Chen J, Yu Y. The beneficial roles of apelin-13/APJ system in cerebral ischemia: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903151. [PMID: 36034795 PMCID: PMC9399844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral ischemia has increased in the past decades, and the high fatality and disability rates seriously affect human health. Apelin is a bioactive peptide and the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both are ubiquitously expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and regulate various physiological and pathological process in the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Apelin-13 is one of the subtypes of apelin, and the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway protects against cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting excitotoxicity and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we have discussed the role of apelin-13 in the regulation of cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms, along with the therapeutic potential of the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
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Luo J, Zhao Q, Li Z, Chen L. Multiple roles of apelin/APJ system in eye diseases. Peptides 2022; 152:170767. [PMID: 35181348 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor (APJ), and they compose apelin/APJ system. Apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in tissues and plays pleiotropic roles. Attractively, more emphasis has recently been placed on the effects of apelin/APJ system in eye diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). In this review, we elaborated the roles of apelin/APJ system in the pathophysiological processes of eye. Concretely, apelin/APJ system induces retinal gliosis and angiogenesis. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are involved in apelin/APJ system-triggered ROP progress. Apelin/APJ system mediates DR-induced retinopathy. Apelin/APJ system maintains retinal functions and health by protecting Müller cells from apoptosis. Apelin/APJ system suppresses the NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss to protect optic nerve damage. Overall, apelin/APJ system is a potential therapeutic target for eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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Chen P, Jia R, Liu Y, Cao M, Zhou L, Zhao Z. Progress of Adipokines in the Female Reproductive System: A Focus on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:881684. [PMID: 35692386 PMCID: PMC9178087 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.881684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, one type of loose connective tissue in the human body, maintains the primary task of energy storage. Adipose tissue is not only an energy reservoir but also plays a vital role as the largest endocrine organ of the whole body via releasing a variety of adipokines, which participate in many pathophysiological processes, such as energy metabolism regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that mainly involves the female reproductive system, affecting women of childbearing age particularly. Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) have been implicated as a critical link involving the etiology and outcome of PCOS. A great deal of studies has bridged the gap between adipokines (such as Adiponectin, Chemerin, Metrnl, Apelin, Resistin, Visfatin, Leptin, Vaspin, Lipocalin 2, and Omentin) and reproductive fitness. In this review, we will focus on the adipokines' functions on PCOS and come up with some points of view on the basis of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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APJ/apelin: a promising target for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2342-2352. [PMID: 35561966 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity is a noticeable retinal abnormality causing common blindness in children. An uncontrolled retinal vasculature in retinopathy of prematurity inflicts vision loss in numerous children despite the accessibility to a wide range of clinical treatments prescribed for retinopathy of prematurity. Apelin/APJ [class A (rhodopsin-like) G-protein-coupled receptor] signaling regulates retinopathy of prematurity augmented with uncontrolled angiogenesis. Antagonists targeting pathological apelin/APJ-signaling-induced angiogenesis could be effective in attenuating retinopathy of prematurity. The therapeutic proficiency of antagonists in diverse modalities: peptides, bioactive molecules and antibodies, targeting apelin peptides or the APJ receptor is discussed in this review. We hypothesize the antagonists could effectively attenuate the retinal vasculature triggered by apelin/APJ signaling activation governing vision impairment in young children.
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Girault-Sotias PE, De Mota N, Llorens-Cortès C. [Physiological role of the apelin receptor: implication in body fluid homeostasis and hyponatremia]. Biol Aujourdhui 2022; 215:119-132. [PMID: 35275056 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apelin, a vasoactive neuropeptide, its receptor and arginine-vasopressin (AVP, antidiuretic hormone) are co-localized in magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons. In the kidney, the apelin receptor is present in glomerular arterioles and the collecting duct (CD) where the AVP type 2 (V2-R) receptors are located. Apelin exerts an aquaretic action both by its inhibitory effect on the phasic electrical activity of vasopressinergic neurons and the secretion of AVP into the bloodstream and by its direct actions at the kidney level resulting in an increase in the renal microcirculation and the inhibition of the antidiuretic effect of AVP mediated by V2-R in the CD. Plasma apelin and AVP are conversely regulated by osmotic stimuli in both humans and rodents, showing that apelin is involved with AVP in maintaining body fluid homeostasis. Clinically, in patients with inappropriate antidiuresis syndrome (SIAD), the apelin/AVP balance is altered, which contributes to water metabolism defect. Activation of the apelin receptor by the metabolically stable apelin-17 analog, that increases aqueous diuresis and moderately water intake and gradually corrects hyponatremia, may constitute a new approach for the treatment of SIAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Girault-Sotias
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Nadia De Mota
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortès
- Laboratoire « Neuropeptides centraux et régulations hydrique et cardiovasculaire », Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris, France
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Hu D, Cui Z, Peng W, Wang X, Chen Y, Wu X. Apelin is associated with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in breast cancer patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:1185-1195. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Palmer ES, Irwin N, O’Harte FPM. Potential Therapeutic Role for Apelin and Related Peptides in Diabetes: An Update. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 15:11795514221074679. [PMID: 35177945 PMCID: PMC8844737 DOI: 10.1177/11795514221074679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an epidemic with an ever-increasing global prevalence. Current treatment strategies, although plentiful and somewhat effective, often fail to achieve desired glycaemic goals in many people, leading ultimately to disease complications. The lack of sustained efficacy of clinically-approved drugs has led to a heightened interest in the development of novel alternative efficacious antidiabetic therapies. One potential option in this regard is the peptide apelin, an adipokine that acts as an endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor. Apelin exists in various molecular isoforms and was initially studied for its cardiovascular benefits, however recent research suggests that it also plays a key role in glycaemic control. As such, apelin peptides have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and lower circulating blood glucose. Nevertheless, native apelin has a short biological half-life that limits its therapeutic potential. More recently, analogues of apelin, particularly apelin-13, have been developed that possess a significantly extended biological half-life. These analogues may represent a promising target for future development of therapies for metabolic disease including diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S Palmer
- Ethan S Palmer, Diabetes Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
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Gergics M, Pham-Dobor G, Horváth-Szalai Z, Kőszegi T, Mezősi E, Bajnok L. Secondary hormonal alterations in short-term severe hypothyroidism; in the focus: Apelin and copeptin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:981891. [PMID: 36187132 PMCID: PMC9519179 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.981891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the complex interactions of thyroid hormone, apelin, and copeptin in the fluid-ion homeostasis of patients with severe transitory hypothyroidism. METHODS In this prospective observational study, 39 patients (ECOG: 0; 11 men, 28 women, mean age: 50.3 ± 14.9 years) were investigated during short-term severe hypothyroidism due to surgical removal of the thyroid gland and after adequate thyroid replacement therapy. In addition to the routinely available lab tests, copeptin and apelin levels were determined using ELISA. RESULTS In the hypothyroid state, apelin concentration was lower, while copeptin levels did not differ compared to the euthyroid condition. Apelin showed a positive correlation with copeptin (p = 0.003), sodium (p = 0.002), NT-proBNP (p < 0.001), and fT4 (p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (p < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression models, copeptin and TSH proved to be significant independent predictors of apelin levels, of which TSH had an explanatory power of 48.7%. Aside from apelin, copeptin only correlated with sodium (p = 0.046). Sodium levels were negatively associated with TSH (p = 0.004) and positively with ACTH (p = 0.002) and cortisol (p = 0.047), in addition to copeptin. None of the parameters were independent predictors of serum sodium levels in a multivariate regression model. CONCLUSIONS In short-term severe hypothyroidism, serum apelin level is markedly decreased, which may predispose susceptible patients to hyponatremia, while the level of copeptin is unchanged. TSH and copeptin are independent predictors of apelin concentration, of which TSH is stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Gergics
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gréta Pham-Dobor
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Horváth-Szalai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Mezősi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Bajnok
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- *Correspondence: László Bajnok,
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Sanchez-Sanchez JL, He L, Virecoulon Giudici K, Guyonnet S, Parini A, Dray C, Valet P, Pereira O, Vellas B, Rolland Y, de Souto Barreto P. Circulating Levels of Apelin, GDF-15 and Sarcopenia: Lack of Association in the MAPT Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:564-570. [PMID: 35718864 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apelin and GDF-15 have been proposed as biomarkers of age-related sarcopenia but evidence in human models is scarce. This study aimed to explore the associations between blood apelin and GDF-15 with sarcopenia incidence and the evolution of sarcopenia components over two years in older adults >70 years. DESIGN Secondary longitudinal analysis of the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial. PARTICIPANTS Older adults (>70 years) attending primary care centers in France and Monaco. SETTING Community. MEASUREMENTS Serum Apelin (pg/mL) and plasma GDF-15 (pg/mL) were measured. Outcomes included sarcopenia defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and its determinants (appendicular lean mass [ALM] evaluated through a Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan, handgrip strength (HGS) and the 4-meter gait speed) measured over 2 years. Linear mixed models and logistic regression were used to explore the longitudinal associations. RESULTS We included 168 subjects from MAPT (median age=76y, IQR=73-79; 78% women). Serum apelin was not significantly associated with sarcopenia incidence (OR=1.001;95%CI=1.000,1.001;p-value>0.05 in full-adjusted models) nor with ALM (β=-5.8E-05;95%CI=-1.0E-04,2.12E-04;p>0.05), HGS (β=-1.1E-04;95%CI=-5.0E-04,2.8E-04;p>0.05), and GS (β=-5.1E-06;95%CI=-1.0E-05,2.0E-05;p>0.05) in fully adjusted models. Similarly, plasma GDF-15 was not associated with both the incidence of sarcopenia (OR=1.001,95%CI=1.000,1.002,p>0.05) and the evolution of its determinants ([ALM, β=2.1E-05;95%CI=-2.6E-04,3.03E-04;p>0.05], HGS [β=-5.9E-04;95%CI=-1.26E-03,8.1E-05; p>0.05] nor GS [β=-2.6E-06;95%CI=-3.0E-05, 2.3E-05;p>0.05]) in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Blood apelin and GDF-15 were not associated with sarcopenia incidence or with the evolution of sarcopenia components over a 2-year follow-up in community-dwelling older adults. Well-powered longitudinal studies are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sanchez-Sanchez
- Juan Luis Sánchez, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France, +34662309412,
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