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Hadi AFN, Aghniya SN, Haidar GA, Sihombing WSM, Sutedjo A, Alhasyimi AA. Post-Orthodontic Relapse Prevention through Administration of a Novel Synthetic Carbonated Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Hydrogel Derived from Blood Cockle Shell ( Anadara granosa L.). Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:18. [PMID: 38275679 PMCID: PMC10814075 DOI: 10.3390/dj12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Relapse during passive orthodontic treatment is a major issue, with 70-90% frequency. This study examines whether blood cockle shells may be used to extract carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA)-chitosan (CS). This study also aims to analyze the effect of CHA-CS on orthodontic relapse in rats. This study utilized 18 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into two groups: CHA-CS and the control group (CG). The rats were subjected to a 35 cN orthodontic force for a duration of 7 days, after which the rats were conditioned to be passive. During this phase, the CHA-CS group received daily administration of CHA-CS hydrogel derived from the blood cockle shell. Subsequently, the appliances were detached to facilitate relapse. The distance between the mesial tips was measured using a digital caliper at three consecutive time points: 1, 5, and 7 days after debonding. The number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and fibroblasts was examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using a t-test. The relapse distance of the CHA-CS group was lower than that of the control groups on day 7. Histological examinations using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed a significant increase in osteoblasts, a decrease in osteoclasts, and an increase in fibroblasts during orthodontic relapse movement (p < 0.05). This study found that blood cockle shell-derived CHA-CS may reduce orthodontic relapse by increasing osteoblasts and fibroblasts and by reducing the osteoclast number in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanisah Fauziyyah Nurul Hadi
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sabrina Noor Aghniya
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Gayuh Abi Haidar
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Windy Sepry Marcelina Sihombing
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelina Sutedjo
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ananto Ali Alhasyimi
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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2
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Szabó L, Balogh N, Tóth A, Angyal Á, Gönczi M, Csiki DM, Tóth C, Balatoni I, Jeney V, Csernoch L, Dienes B. The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels contribute to the arterial medial calcification. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1037230. [PMID: 36439266 PMCID: PMC9685409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1037230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with a number of cardiovascular diseases, as well as chronic kidney disease. The role of smooth muscle cells (SMC) has already been widely explored in VC, as has the role of intracellular Ca2+ in regulating SMC function. Increased intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in vascular SMC has been proposed to stimulate VC. However, the contribution of the non-selective Piezo1 mechanosensitive cation channels to the elevation of [Ca2+]i, and consequently to the process of VC has never been examined. In this work the essential contribution of Piezo1 channels to arterial medial calcification is demonstrated. The presence of Piezo1 was proved on human aortic smooth muscle samples using immunohistochemistry. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of the channel on the human aortic smooth muscle cell line (HAoSMC). Functional measurements were done on HAoSMC under control and calcifying condition. Calcification was induced by supplementing the growth medium with inorganic phosphate (1.5 mmol/L, pH 7.4) and calcium (CaCl2, 0.6 mmol/L) for 7 days. Measurement of [Ca2+]i using fluorescent Fura-2 dye upon stimulation of Piezo1 channels (either by hypoosmolarity, or Yoda1) demonstrated significantly higher calcium transients in calcified as compared to control HAoSMCs. The expression of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel is augmented in calcified arterial SMCs leading to a higher calcium influx upon stimulation. Activation of the channel by Yoda1 (10 μmol/L) enhanced calcification of HAoSMCs, while Dooku1, which antagonizes the effect of Yoda1, reduced this amplification. Application of Dooku1 alone inhibited the calcification. Knockdown of Piezo1 by siRNA suppressed the calcification evoked by Yoda1 under calcifying conditions. Our results demonstrate the pivotal role of Piezo1 channels in arterial medial calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tóth
- MTA-DE Lendület Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Angyal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Gönczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Máté Csiki
- MTA-DE Lendület Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tóth
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Viktória Jeney
- MTA-DE Lendület Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Supphaprasitt W, Charoenmuang L, Thuaksuban N, Sangsuwan P, Leepong N, Supakanjanakanti D, Vongvatcharanon S, Suwanrat T, Srimanok W. A Three-Dimensional Printed Polycaprolactone–Biphasic-Calcium-Phosphate Scaffold Combined with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cultured in Xenogeneic Serum-Free Media for the Treatment of Bone Defects. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030093. [PMID: 35893462 PMCID: PMC9326540 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of a three-dimensional printed polycaprolactone–biphasic-calcium-phosphate scaffold (PCL–BCP TDP scaffold) seeded with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which were cultured in xenogeneic serum-free media (XSFM) to enhance bone formation, was assessed in vitro and in animal models. The ADSCs were isolated from the buccal fat tissue of six patients using enzymatic digestion and the plastic adherence method. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the cells cultured in XSFM when seeded on the scaffolds were assessed and compared with those of cells cultured in a medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cell–scaffold constructs were cultured in XSFM and were implanted into calvarial defects in thirty-six Wistar rats to assess new bone regeneration. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the cells in the XSFM medium were notably better than that of the cells in the FBS medium. However, the efficacy of the constructs in enhancing new bone formation in the calvarial defects of rats was not statistically different to that achieved using the scaffolds alone. In conclusion, the PCL–BCP TDP scaffolds were biocompatible and suitable for use as an osteoconductive framework. The XSFM medium could support the proliferation and differentiation of ADSCs in vitro. However, the cell–scaffold constructs had no benefit in the enhancement of new bone formation in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woraporn Supphaprasitt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand; (W.S.); (L.C.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (S.V.); (T.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Lalita Charoenmuang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand; (W.S.); (L.C.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (S.V.); (T.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Nuttawut Thuaksuban
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand; (W.S.); (L.C.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (S.V.); (T.S.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-954592492
| | - Prawichaya Sangsuwan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand;
| | - Narit Leepong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand; (W.S.); (L.C.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (S.V.); (T.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Danaiya Supakanjanakanti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand; (W.S.); (L.C.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (S.V.); (T.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Surapong Vongvatcharanon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand; (W.S.); (L.C.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (S.V.); (T.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Trin Suwanrat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand; (W.S.); (L.C.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (S.V.); (T.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Woraluk Srimanok
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Thailand; (W.S.); (L.C.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (S.V.); (T.S.); (W.S.)
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4
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Li Y, Chen C, Jiang J, Liu S, Zhang Z, Xiao L, Lian R, Sun L, Luo W, Tim‐yun Ong M, Yuk‐wai Lee W, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Zhao J, Liu C, Li Y. Bioactive Film-Guided Soft-Hard Interface Design Technology for Multi-Tissue Integrative Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105945. [PMID: 35322573 PMCID: PMC9130887 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Control over soft-to-hard tissue interfaces is attracting intensive worldwide research efforts. Herein, a bioactive film-guided soft-hard interface design (SHID) for multi-tissue integrative regeneration is shown. Briefly, a soft bioactive film with good elasticity matchable to native ligament tissue, is incorporated with bone-mimic components (calcium phosphate cement, CPC) to partially endow the soft-film with hard-tissue mimicking feature. The hybrid film is elegantly compounded with a clinical artificial ligament to act as a buffer zone to bridge the soft (ligament) and hard tissues (bone). Moreover, the bioactive film-decorated ligament can be rolled into a 3D bio-instructive implant with spatial-controllable distribution of CPC bioactive motifs. CPC then promotes the recruitment and differentiation of endogenous cells in to the implant inside part, which enables a vascularized bone growth into the implant, and forms a structure mimicking the biological ligament-bone interface, thereby significantly improving osteointegration and biomechanical property. Thus, this special design provides an effective SHID-guided implant-bioactivation strategy unreached by the traditional manufacturing methods, enlightening a promising technology to develop an ideal SHID for translational use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Can Chen
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Shengyang Liu
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Zeren Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Centre for Biomedical TechnologiesQueensland University of TechnologyThe Australia‐China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM)60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin GroveBrisbaneQLD4059Australia
| | - Ruixian Lian
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Lili Sun
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Wei Luo
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Michael Tim‐yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyFaculty of MedicinePrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina
| | - Wayne Yuk‐wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesFaculty of MedicinePrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina
| | - Yunsu Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Yulin Li
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationThe Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Material Science and EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
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5
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Sun X, Yu X, Li W, Chen M, Liu D. Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable zinc matrix composites reinforced by uniformly dispersed beta-tricalcium phosphate via graphene oxide-assisted hetero-agglomeration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112431. [PMID: 34702516 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of biodegradable Zn matrix composites has been considered a promising approach to achieving enhanced mechanical properties, controllable degradation rate, good biocompatibility, and good osseointegration as orthopedic implants. However, scant literature regarding Zn matrix composites has been reported because of the great difficulty in dispersing the nano-sized bioactive reinforcements uniformly within the Zn matrix. In the present study, a novel and effective method were employed to obtain Zn matrix composites reinforced by uniformly dispersed beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) via graphene oxide (GO)-assisted hetero-agglomeration and subsequent spark plasma sintering process. A very low-content (0.04 vol%) few-layered GO was used as a coupling reagent to connect the Zn matrix and nano-sized TCP particles. In an appropriate polarity solvent, the negatively charged GO sheets could combine with both the positively charged Zn powder and TCP particles by electrostatic attraction and charge neutralization. Due to the nature of hetero-agglomeration, the flexible GO sheet could adhere to the large Zn powder and attracted a certain amount of TCP particles to form a Zn/GO/TCP sandwich structure by charge neutralization thereby forming a uniform dispersion of TCP particles within Zn matrix. After the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, the TCP particles incorporated with very thin ZnO layers (thickness of a few dozen nanometers) formed a homogeneous and unique 3D network-like distribution in as-sintered TCP/Zn composites. A unique "snap pea"-like structure was confirmed at the grain boundary of α-Zn grains, which consisted of the TCP particles as "pea" and thin ZnO layer as "pod". Due to the uniform dispersion of bioactive TCP particles and unique structure of the TCP incorporating grain boundary, as-sintered 3TCP/Zn matrix composites possessed yield strength (YS) of 140.8 ± 7.7 MPa, failure strain of 36.0 ± 2.8%, the moderate degradation rate of 19.1 ± 3.3 μm·y-1 and good cytocompatibility to MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, osteogenic differentiation activity evaluation revealed that the addition of TCP could significantly improve the expressions of the osteogenic differentiation-related gene (ALP) in MC3T3-E1 cells, thereby resulting in improved osteogenic capability. Therefore, biodegradable 3TCP/Zn matrix composites fabricated by GO-assisted hetero-agglomeration and subsequent SPS process could be a promising material as orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Minfang Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Debao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300384, China.
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6
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Wright CS, Robling AG, Farach-Carson MC, Thompson WR. Skeletal Functions of Voltage Sensitive Calcium Channels. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:206-221. [PMID: 33721180 PMCID: PMC8216424 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are ubiquitous multimeric protein complexes that are necessary for the regulation of numerous physiological processes. VSCCs regulate calcium influx and various intracellular processes including muscle contraction, neurotransmission, hormone secretion, and gene transcription, with function specificity defined by the channel's subunits and tissue location. The functions of VSCCs in bone are often overlooked since bone is not considered an electrically excitable tissue. However, skeletal homeostasis and adaptation relies heavily on VSCCs. Inhibition or deletion of VSCCs decreases osteogenesis, impairs skeletal structure, and impedes anabolic responses to mechanical loading. RECENT FINDINGS: While the functions of VSCCs in osteoclasts are less clear, VSCCs have distinct but complementary functions in osteoblasts and osteocytes. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review details the structure, function, and nomenclature of VSCCs, followed by a comprehensive description of the known functions of VSCCs in bone cells and their regulation of bone development, bone formation, and mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - William R Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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7
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Alhasyimi AA, Suparwitri S, Christnawati C. Effect of Carbonate Apatite Hydrogel-Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Injection on Osteoblastogenesis during Orthodontic Relapse in Rabbits. Eur J Dent 2020; 15:412-419. [PMID: 33368063 PMCID: PMC8382455 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to determine the effect of carbonate apatite (CHA) hydrogel-aPRF on osteoblastogenesis during relapse in rabbits.
Materials and Methods
Forty-five rabbits were divided into three groups (
n
= 15): the control, CHA, and CHA-autologous platelet-rich fibrin (aPRF) groups. An open-coil spring was compressed between brackets to distalize the lower incisors of the rabbits by delivering a force of 50 cN for 1 week. The new position of the teeth was retained for 14 days, and CHA hydrogel-aPRF was injected every 7 days. The appliances were then debonded to allow relapse. On days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after debonding, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry staining and Runx-2 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey’s test (
p
< 0.05).
Results
Histomorphometric analysis revealed that TGF-β1 expression in the CHA-aPRF group is statistically higher than that in other groups on days 0, 3, and 7 after debonding (
p
< 0.05). BMP-2 expression in the CHA-aPRF group was also statistically higher than that in the other groups on days 3, 14, and 21 after debonding (
p
< 0.05). ELISA showed that Runx-2 levels are slightly higher in the CHA-aPRF group than in the other groups (
p
> 0.05).
Conclusion
Although injection of CHA-aPRF aids in osteoblastogenesis associated with enhancing TGF-β1 and BMP-2 expressions, it does not significantly upregulate Runx-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananto Ali Alhasyimi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suparwitri
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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8
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Xing H, Li R, Wei Y, Ying B, Li D, Qin Y. Improved Osteogenesis of Selective-Laser-Melted Titanium Alloy by Coating Strontium-Doped Phosphate With High-Efficiency Air-Plasma Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:367. [PMID: 32478042 PMCID: PMC7235326 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface treatment and bioactive metal ion incorporation are effective methods for the modification of titanium alloys to be used as biomaterials. However, few studies have demonstrated the use of air-plasma treatment in orthopedic biomaterial development. Additionally, no study has performed a direct comparison between unmodified titanium alloys and air-plasma-treated alloys with respect to their biocompatibility and osteogenesis. In this study, the biological activities of unmodified titanium alloys, air-plasma-treated titanium alloys, and air-plasma-treated strontium-doped/undoped calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings were compared. The strontium-doped CaP (Sr-CaP) coating on titanium alloys were produced by selective laser melting (SLM) technology as well as micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and air-plasma treatment. The results revealed that rapid air-plasma treatment improved the biocompatibility of titanium alloys and that Sr-CaP coating together with air-plasma treatment significantly enhanced both the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Overall, this study demonstrated that low temperature air-plasma treatment is a fast and effective surface modification which improves the biocompatibility of titanium alloys. Additionally, air-plasma-treated Sr-CaP coatings have numerous practical applications and may provide researchers with new tools to assist in the development of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boda Ying
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanguo Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Muszyńska M, Ambrożewicz E, Gęgotek A, Grynkiewicz G, Skrzydlewska E. Protective Effects of Vitamin K Compounds on the Proteomic Profile of Osteoblasts under Oxidative Stress Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081990. [PMID: 32340397 PMCID: PMC7222007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which accompanies the pathogenesis of many bone diseases, contributes to the reduction of osteoblast activity, resulting in the inhibition of differentiation. This study aimed to assess the effect of vitamins K1 and K2 (MK4 and MK7) on the proteomic profile of human osteoblasts cell line under oxidative conditions induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The analysis was performed using QExactiveHF mass spectrometer with a nanoelectrospray ionization source. The osteoblast protein exposed to oxidative stress and vitamin K was compared with the proteome of cells exposed only to oxidative stress. Our proteomic analysis identified 1234 proteins changed after 5 days, 967 after 15 days, and 1214 after 20 days of culture. We observed the most frequent changes in the expression of proteins with catalytic activity or protein/DNA binding properties (45% and 40%, respectively). Significant changes were also observed in proteins with transcription/translation regulator activity (2–6%), regulators of molecular functions (5–6%), signal transducers (1–4%), transporters (4–6%), and structural molecules (3–5%). Our results clearly show that vitamins K protect cells from H2O2-induced changes in protein expression, primarily through their effects on transcriptional regulators and transporter proteins. As a result, vitamins K can support the formation, remodeling, and mineralization of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Muszyńska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (E.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Ewa Ambrożewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (E.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (E.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Grynkiewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (E.A.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-5708
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Wang J, Chen X, Yang X, Guo B, Li D, Zhu X, Zhang X. Positive role of calcium phosphate ceramics regulated inflammation in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1305-1320. [PMID: 32064734 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, researches have confirmed the crucial role of inflammatory response in Ca-P ceramic-induced osteogenesis, however, the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully understood. In this study, BCP and β-TCP ceramics were used as material models to investigate the effect of physicochemical properties on inflammatory response in vitro. The results showed that BCP and β-TCP could support macrophages attachment, proliferation, and spreading favorably, as well as promote gene expressions of inflammatory related cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α) and growth factors (TGF-β, FGF, PDGF, VEGF, IGF, and EGF). BCP showed a facilitating function on the gene expressions earlier than β-TCP. Further coculture experiments performed in vitro demonstrated that the CMs containing various increased cytokines for macrophages pre-culture could significantly promote MSCs osteogenic differentiation, which was confirmed by the gene expressions of osteogenic specific markers and the intracellular OCN product accumulation under the stimulation of BCP and β-TCP ceramics. Further evidence was found from the formation of mineralized nodules in BCM and TCM. In addition, this study showed a concise relationship between Ca-P ceramic induced inflammation and its osteoinductivity that the increased cytokines and growth factors from macrophages could promote MSCs osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Fu Q, Liu Q, Li L, Li X, Gu H, Sheng B, Yang B. Study on microstructure, microhardness, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of La 2 O 3 -containing bioceramic coating doping SiO 2 fabricated by laser cladding. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:2099-2107. [PMID: 31883307 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To solve the lack of strength of calcium phosphate ceramic coatings in load-bearing applications, gradient Ca-P bioceramic coatings doped with La2 O3 and SiO2 are fabricated by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4 V. The effect of SiO2 on microstructure, microhardness, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of coatings was investigated. The experimental results illustrate that the coating doped with La2 O3 and SiO2 has excellent metallurgical bonding. The XRD analysis confirms that the amount of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate in the coating reached maximum when doping amount of SiO2 is 10 wt %. SiO2 -doped coatings show a significantly higher bone-like apatite precipitation after immersion in SBF than that of other coatings. in vitro experiment also shows that coating with 10 wt % SiO2 is more suitable for the attachment and proliferation of MG63 cells, indicating that coating with 10 wt % SiO2 exhibits best bioactivity and biocompatibility. These results suggest that the addition of SiO2 improves the bonding strength, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qibin Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingmao Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huaizhang Gu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo Sheng
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangcheng Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sunarso, Tsuchiya A, Toita R, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K. Enhanced Osseointegration Capability of Poly(ether ether ketone) via Combined Phosphate and Calcium Surface-Functionalization. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E198. [PMID: 31892154 PMCID: PMC6981423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical applications of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) are hindered by its inherent bioinertness and lack of osseointegration capability. In the present study, to enhance osteogenic activity and, hence, the osseointegration capability of PEEK, we proposed a strategy of combined phosphate and calcium surface-functionalization, in which ozone-gas treatment and wet chemistry were used for introduction of hydroxyl groups and modification of phosphate and/or calcium, respectively. Surface functionalization significantly elevated the surface hydrophilicity without changing the surface roughness or topography. The cell study demonstrated that immobilization of phosphate or calcium increased the osteogenesis of rat mesenchymal stem cells compared with bare PEEK, including cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and bone-like nodule formation. Interestingly, further enhancement was observed for samples co-immobilized with phosphate and calcium. Furthermore, in the animal study, phosphate and calcium co-functionalized PEEK demonstrated significantly enhanced osseointegration, as revealed by a greater direct bone-to-implant contact ratio and bond strength between the bone and implant than unfunctionalized and phosphate-functionalized PEEK, which paves the way for the orthopedic and dental application of PEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunarso
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (S.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.)
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Akira Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (S.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.)
| | - Riki Toita
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (S.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (S.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.)
- Section of Bioengineering, Department of Dental Engineering, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (S.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.I.)
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Rustom LE, Poellmann MJ, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Mineralization in micropores of calcium phosphate scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:435-455. [PMID: 30408560 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for novel bone repair solutions that overcome the drawbacks of current grafting techniques, the design of artificial bone scaffolds is a central focus in bone regeneration research. Calcium phosphate scaffolds are interesting given their compositional similarity with bone mineral. The majority of studies focus on bone growth in the macropores (>100 µm) of implanted calcium phosphate scaffolds where bone structures such as osteons and trabeculae can form. However, a growing body of research shows that micropores (<50 µm) play an important role not only in improving bone growth in the macropores, but also in providing additional space for bone growth. Bone growth in the micropores of calcium phosphate scaffolds offers major mechanical advantages as it improves the mechanical properties of the otherwise brittle materials, further stabilizes the implant, improves load transfer, and generally enhances osteointegration. In this paper, we review evidence in the literature of bone growth into micropores, emphasizing on identification techniques and conditions under which bone components are observed in the micropores. We also review theories on mineralization and propose mechanisms, mediated by cells or not, by which mineralization may occur in the confined micropore space of calcium phosphate scaffolds. Understanding and validating these mechanisms will allow to better control and enhance mineralization in micropores to improve the design and efficiency of bone implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The design of synthetic bone scaffolds remains a major focus for engineering solutions to repair damaged and diseased bone. Most studies focus on the design of and growth in macropores (>100 µm), however research increasingly shows the importance of microporosity (<50 µm). Micropores provide an additional space for bone growth, which provides multiple mechanical advantages to the scaffold/bone composite. Here, we review evidence of bone growth into micropores in calcium phosphate scaffolds and conditions under which growth occurs in micropores, and we propose mechanisms that enable or facilitate growth in these pores. Understanding these mechanisms will allow researchers to exploit them and improve the design and efficiency of bone implants.
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14
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Alhasyimi AA, Pudyani PP, Asmara W, Ana ID. Enhancement of post-orthodontic tooth stability by carbonated hydroxyapatite-incorporated advanced platelet-rich fibrin in rabbits. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018. [PMID: 29537729 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of carbonated hydroxyapatite-incorporated advanced platelet-rich fibrin on relapse and bone remodelling in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n = 15): a control group, carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) and carbonated hydroxyapatite-incorporated advanced platelet-rich fibrin (CHA-aPRF) group. The lower incisors were subjected to an orthodontic force of 50 cN. During the retention period, CHA and CHA-aPRF hydrogel were gently injected in the mesial gingival sulcus every 7 days. Next, the appliances were debonded to allow relapse. At 5 subsequent time points (0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after debonding), the distance between the mesial tips of rabbits incisors was measured using a digital calliper, osteoblast quantity was evaluated using haematoxylin-eosin staining and osteoclast activity was examined using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. RESULTS The relapse rate of CHA-aPRF group was lower than that of the other groups, and the relapse distances were significantly lower on days 14 and 21 (P < .05). Histological analysis revealed that the number of osteoblasts was significantly higher and that the osteoclast activity was significantly lower in the CHA-aPRF group compared with the other groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Intrasulcular injection of hydrogel CHA incorporated aPRF can locally reduce orthodontic relapse in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Alhasyimi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - P P Pudyani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - W Asmara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - I D Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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15
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Differentiation of Promonocytic U937 Cells to Monocytes Is Associated with Reduced Mitochondrial Transport of Ascorbic Acid. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4194502. [PMID: 29576847 PMCID: PMC5822789 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4194502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growth of promonocytic U937 cells in the presence of DMSO promotes their differentiation to monocytes. After 4 days of culture in differentiating medium, these cells ceased to proliferate, displayed downregulated ryanodine receptor expression, and responded to specific stimuli with enhanced NADPH-oxidase-derived superoxide formation or cytosolic phospholipase A2-dependent arachidonic acid release. We found that the 4-day differentiation process is also associated with downregulated SVCT2 mRNA expression, in the absence of apparent changes in SVCT2 protein expression and transport rate of ascorbic acid (AA). Interestingly, under the same conditions, these cells accumulated lower amounts of the vitamin in their mitochondria, with an ensuing reduced response to external stimuli sensitive to the mitochondrial fraction of AA. Further analyses demonstrated an unexpected increase in mitochondrial SVCT2 protein expression, however, associated with reduced SVCT2-dependent AA uptake in isolated mitochondria. A decrease in the transporter Vmax, with no change in affinity, was found to account for this response. Differentiation of promonocytic cells to monocytes is therefore characterized by decreased SVCT2 mRNA expression that, even prior to the onset of SVCT2 protein downregulation or apparent changes in plasma membrane transport activity, impacts on the mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin through a decreased Vmax of the transporter.
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16
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Xu HHK, Wang P, Wang L, Bao C, Chen Q, Weir MD, Chow LC, Zhao L, Zhou X, Reynolds MA. Calcium phosphate cements for bone engineering and their biological properties. Bone Res 2017; 5:17056. [PMID: 29354304 PMCID: PMC5764120 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are frequently used to repair bone defects. Since their discovery in the 1980s, extensive research has been conducted to improve their properties, and emerging evidence supports their increased application in bone tissue engineering. Much effort has been made to enhance the biological performance of CPCs, including their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability, bioactivity, and interactions with cells. This review article focuses on the major recent developments in CPCs, including 3D printing, injectability, stem cell delivery, growth factor and drug delivery, and pre-vascularization of CPC scaffolds via co-culture and tri-culture techniques to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hockin HK Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and
Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,
Baltimore, MD
21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative
Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,
MD
21201, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart
Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD
21201, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University
of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
21250, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and
Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,
Baltimore, MD
21201, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
Sichuan
610041, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and
Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,
Baltimore, MD
21201, USA
- VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
130011, China
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
Sichuan
610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
Sichuan
610041, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and
Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,
Baltimore, MD
21201, USA
| | - Laurence C Chow
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental
Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards & Technology,
Gaithersburg, MD
20899, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and
Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,
Baltimore, MD
21201, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang
Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong
510515, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
Sichuan
610041, China
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and
Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,
Baltimore, MD
21201, USA
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Shariff KA, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K. Fabrication of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate-coated β-TCP granules and evaluation of their osteoconductivity using experimental rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1411-1419. [PMID: 28415432 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has attracted much attention as an artificial bone substitute owing to its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. In this study, osteoconductivity of β-TCP bone substitute was enhanced without using growth factors or cells. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), which is known to possess the highest solubility among calcium phosphates, was coated on β-TCP granules by exposing their surface with acidic calcium phosphate solution. The amount of coated DCPD was regulated by changing the reaction time between β-TCP granules and acidic calcium phosphate solution. Histomorphometry analysis obtained from histological results revealed that the approximately 10mol% DCPD-coated β-TCP granules showed the largest new bone formation compared to DCPD-free β-TCP granules, approximately 2.5mol% DCPD-coated β-TCP granules, or approximately 27mol% DCPD-coated β-TCP granules after 2 and 4weeks of implantation. Based on this finding, we demonstrate that the osteoconductivity of β-TCP granules could be improved by coating their surface with an appropriate amount of DCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anuar Shariff
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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18
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Guo C, Li L, Li S, Wang Y, Yu X. Preparation, characterization, bioactivity and degradation behavior in vitro of copper-doped calcium polyphosphate as a candidate material for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, copper, as one of the essential trace elements in the human body, was introduced into calcium polyphosphate (CPP) to prepare a novel scaffold in bone tissue engineering: copper-doped calcium polyphosphate (CCPP) scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology
- The 452 Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Xixun Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
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19
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Immobilization of calcium and phosphate ions improves the osteoconductivity of titanium implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:291-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Klymov A, Song J, Cai X, Te Riet J, Leeuwenburgh S, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF. Increased acellular and cellular surface mineralization induced by nanogrooves in combination with a calcium-phosphate coating. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:368-377. [PMID: 26691523 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current work evaluated the influence of nanoscale surface-topographies in combination with a calcium phosphate (CaP) coating on acellular and cellular surface mineralization. Four groups of substrates were produced, including smooth, grooved (940nm pitch, 430nm groove width, 185nm depth), smooth coated, and grooved coated. The substrates were characterized by scanning/transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Osteoblast-like MC3T3 cells were cultured on the substrates for a period up to 35days under osteogenic conditions. Differentiation was observed by alkaline phosphatase assay and PCR of collagen I (COLI), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OC), bone-morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), and bone sialoprotein (BSP). Mineralization was quantified by a calcium assay and Alizarin Red staining. In addition, acellular mineralization was determined after incubation of substrates in just cell culture medium without cells. Results showed that a reproducible nano-metric (∼50nm) CaP-layer could be applied on the substrates, without losing the integrity of the topographical features. While no relevant differences were found for cell viability, cells on smooth surfaces proliferated for a longer period than cells on grooved substrates. In addition, differentiation was affected by topographies, as indicated by an increased expression of OC, OPN and ALP activity. Deposition of a CaP coating significantly increased the acellular mineralization of smooth as well grooved substrate-surfaces. However, this mineralizing effect was strongly reduced in the presence of cells. In the cell seeded situation, mineralization was significantly increased by the substrate topography, while only a minor additive effect of the coating was observed. In conclusion, the model presented herein can be exploited for experimental evaluation of cell-surface interaction processes and optimization of bone-anchoring capability of implants. The model showed that substrates modified with CaP-coated coated nanogrooves display enhanced in vitro mineralization as compared to unmodified controls or substrates modified with either nanogrooves or CaP coatings. However, our results also indicated that acellular mineralization assays are not necessarily predictive for biological performance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The manuscript describes the possibility to combine the mechanical properties of nanosized topographies with the biochemical properties of a calcium phosphate based coating for improvement of surface mineralization. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that further incubation of our surfaces in SBF type media allowed all surfaces to mineralize rapidly to a high extent. Moreover we prove that nanotexture be used to can stimulate and organize mineralization and that the combination surface of a CaP coating and a nanotexture has the potential to be effective as a bone-implant surface. Such experiments will be of considerable interest to those in the research community and industry, who are focusing on bio-mineralization processes and optimization of modern bone-implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Klymov
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiankang Song
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinjie Cai
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Te Riet
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X Frank Walboomers
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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SVCT2 Overexpression in Neuroblastoma Cells Induces Cellular Branching that is Associated with ERK Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6668-6679. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Sukhorukova IV, Sheveyko AN, Kiryukhantsev-Korneev PV, Levashov EA, Shtansky DV. In vitro bioactivity study of TiCaPCO(N) and Ag-doped TiCaPCO(N) films in simulated body fluid. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:193-203. [PMID: 26461975 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity of multicomponent TiCaPCO(N) and Ag-doped TiCaPCO(N) films was evaluated in vitro using simulated body fluid (SBF) and compared with that of bioactive glass Biogran. The first group of films was fabricated by magnetron sputtering of composite TiС0.5 -Ti3 POx -CaO target produced via the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method (TiCaPCON films), after which their surface was implanted with Ag+ ions to obtain Ag-doped TiCaPCON films. The second group of films was fabricated by pulsed electrospark deposition (PED) using SHS-produced composite TiС0.5 -Ti3 POx -CaO and TiС0.5 -Ti3 POx -CaO-Ag electrodes. After immersion in SBF, the structure and chemistry of surface were well characterized using a combination of various microanalytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry (both in conventional and grazing incidence mode), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the surfaces of the TiCaPCO(N) and Ag-doped TiCaPCO(N) films were bioactive in vitro and induced the formation of an apatite layer during exposure in SBF. In the case of the magnetron-sputtered films, the apatite layer was formed over 14 days, while 28 days were needed to form CaP phase on the surface of PED-modified samples. Various factors (film structure, surface roughness, surface functional groups, surface charge, and composition, supersaturation, and near-surface local supersaturation of SBF) affecting the kinetics of bone-like apatite formation on a bioactive surface are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 193-203, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Sukhorukova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - A N Sheveyko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | | | - E A Levashov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - D V Shtansky
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
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Tassinary JA, Lunardelli A, Basso BS, Stülp S, Pozzobon A, Pedrazza L, Bartrons R, Ventura F, Rosa JL, Melo DA, Nunes FB, Donadio MV, Oliveira JR. Therapeutic ultrasound stimulates MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation through the activation of NF-κB1, p38α, and mTOR. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:765-72. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João A.F. Tassinary
- Univates; Lajeado; Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Adroaldo Lunardelli
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Bruno S. Basso
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Denizar A.S. Melo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Fernanda B. Nunes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Márcio V.F. Donadio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Jarbas R. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Bone tissue engineering via nanostructured calcium phosphate biomaterials and stem cells. Bone Res 2014; 2:14017. [PMID: 26273526 PMCID: PMC4472121 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is promising to meet the increasing need for bone regeneration. Nanostructured calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials/scaffolds are of special interest as they share chemical/crystallographic similarities to inorganic components of bone. Three applications of nano-CaP are discussed in this review: nanostructured calcium phosphate cement (CPC); nano-CaP composites; and nano-CaP coatings. The interactions between stem cells and nano-CaP are highlighted, including cell attachment, orientation/morphology, differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration. Several trends can be seen: (i) nano-CaP biomaterials support stem cell attachment/proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation, in some cases even without osteogenic supplements; (ii) the influence of nano-CaP surface patterns on cell alignment is not prominent due to non-uniform distribution of nano-crystals; (iii) nano-CaP can achieve better bone regeneration than conventional CaP biomaterials; (iv) combining stem cells with nano-CaP accelerates bone regeneration, the effect of which can be further enhanced by growth factors; and (v) cell microencapsulation in nano-CaP scaffolds is promising for bone tissue engineering. These understandings would help researchers to further uncover the underlying mechanisms and interactions in nano-CaP stem cell constructs in vitro and in vivo, tailor nano-CaP composite construct design and stem cell type selection to enhance cell function and bone regeneration, and translate laboratory findings to clinical treatments.
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25
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Osathanon T, Nowwarote N, Manokawinchoke J, Pavasant P. bFGF and JAGGED1 regulate alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization in dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2551-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok; 10330; Thailand
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26
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Chothe PP, Chutkan N, Sangani R, Wenger KH, Prasad PD, Thangaraju M, Hamrick MW, Isales CM, Ganapathy V, Fulzele S. Sodium-coupled vitamin C transporter (SVCT2): expression, function, and regulation in intervertebral disc cells. Spine J 2013; 13:549-57. [PMID: 23415019 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Vitamin C (ascorbic acid [AA]) is essential for the synthesis of collagen and also acts as an antioxidant in the intervertebral disc (IVD). However, there is very little information currently available on the identity of the transporter that facilitates AA entry into IVD cells and the factors that mediate the transport process. PURPOSE To investigate the expression of the two known isoforms of Na+ -coupled vitamin C transporter, SVCT1 and SVCT2, in IVD cells and its regulation by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and the steroid hormone dexamethasone. STUDY DESIGN To identify the expression and functional activity of the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) in the IVD. METHODS Uptake studies were carried out with rabbit annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus cells in 24-well plates using [14C]-AA. To characterize SVCT transporter, uptake was done in the presence and absence of Na+ in the uptake buffer. Time dependency, Na+ activation kinetics, saturation kinetics, and substrate selectivity studies were performed. Regulatory studies were performed in the presence of IGF-1 and the steroid hormone dexamethasone. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Our real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed the presence of SVCT2 but not SVCT1 in IVD cells. Uptake of vitamin C in IVD cells is Na+ dependent and saturable. The Michaelis constant for the process is 96±11 μM. The activation of vitamin C uptake by Na+ exhibits a sigmoidal relationship, indicating involvement of more than one Na+ in the activation process. The uptake system does not recognize any other water-soluble vitamin as a substrate. Immunocytochemical analysis shows robust expression of SVCT2 protein in IVD cells. The growth factors IGF-1 and the steroid hormone dexamethasone upregulate the expression of SVCT2 in IVD cells. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that the active SVCT2 is expressed in IVD cells and that the expression of this transporter is regulated by growth factors IGF-1 and dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh P Chothe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Health Science University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Fulzele S, Chothe P, Sangani R, Chutkan N, Hamrick M, Bhattacharyya M, Prasad PD, Zakhary I, Bowser M, Isales C, Ganapathy V. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter SVCT2: expression and function in bone marrow stromal cells and in osteogenesis. Stem Cell Res 2012; 10:36-47. [PMID: 23089627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) has a critical role in bone formation and osteoblast differentiation, but very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of ascorbic acid entry into bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the identity of the transport system that is responsible for the uptake of ascorbic acid into bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). First, we examined the expression of the two known isoforms of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter, namely SVCT1 and SVCT2, in BMSCs (Lin-ve Sca1+ve) and bone at the mRNA level. Only SVCT2 mRNA was detected in BMSCs and bone. Uptake of ascorbic acid in BMSCs was Na(+)-dependent and saturable. In order to define the role of SVCT2 in BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts, BMSCs were stimulated with osteogenic media for different time intervals, and the activity of SVCT2 was monitored by ascorbic acid uptake. SVCT2 expression was up-regulated during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs; the expression was maximal at the earliest phase of differentiation. Subsequently, osteogenesis was inhibited in BMSCs upon knock-down of SVCT2 by lentivirus shRNA. We also found that the expression of the SVCT2 could be negatively or positively modulated by the presence of oxidant (Sin-1) or antioxidant (Ascorbic acid) compounds, respectively, in BMSCs. Furthermore, we found that this transporter is also regulated with age in mouse bone. These data show that SVCT2 plays a vital role in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and that its expression is altered under conditions associated with redox reaction. Our findings could be relevant to bone tissue engineering and bone related diseases such as osteoporosis in which oxidative stress and aging plays important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia health Science University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Cowan CM, Zhang X, James AW, Kim TM, Sun N, Wu B, Ting K, Soo C. NELL-1 increases pre-osteoblast mineralization using both phosphate transporter Pit1 and Pit2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:351-7. [PMID: 22580275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
NELL-1 is a potent osteoinductive molecule that enhances bone formation in multiple animal models through currently unidentified pathways. In the present manuscript, we hypothesized that NELL-1 may regulate osteogenic differentiation accompanied by alteration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) entry into the osteoblast via sodium dependent phosphate (NaPi) transporters. To determine this, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were cultured in the presence of recombinant human (rh)NELL-1 or rhBMP-2. Analysis was performed for intracellular Pi levels through malachite green staining, Pit-1 and Pit-2 expression, and forced upregulation of Pit-1 and Pit-2. Results showed rhNELL-1 to increase MC3T3-E1 matrix mineralization and Pi influx associated with activation of both Pit-1 and Pit-2 channels, with significantly increased Pit-2 production. In contrast, Pi transport elicited by rhBMP-2 showed to be associated with increased Pit-1 production only. Next, neutralizing antibodies against Pit-1 and Pit-2 completely abrogated the Pi influx effect of rhNELL-1, suggesting rhNELL-1 is dependent on both transporters. These results identify one potential mechanism of action for rhNELL-1 induced osteogenesis and highlight a fundamental difference between NELL-1 and BMP-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Cowan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza,7523 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Qiao H, May JM. Interaction of the transcription start site core region and transcription factor YY1 determine ascorbate transporter SVCT2 exon 1a promoter activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35746. [PMID: 22532872 PMCID: PMC3332055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of the ascorbate transporter, SVCT2, is driven by two distinct promoters in exon 1 of the transporter sequence. The exon 1a promoter lacks a classical transcription start site and little is known about regulation of promoter activity in the transcription start site core (TSSC) region. Here we present evidence that the TSSC binds the multifunctional initiator-binding protein YY1. Electrophoresis shift assays using YY1 antibody showed that YY1 is present as one of two major complexes that specifically bind to the TSSC. The other complex contains the transcription factor NF-Y. Mutations in the TSSC that decreased YY1 binding also impaired the exon 1a promoter activity despite the presence of an upstream activating NF-Y/USF complex, suggesting that YY1 is involved in the regulation of the exon 1a transcription. Furthermore, YY1 interaction with NF-Y and/or USF synergistically enhanced the exon 1a promoter activity in transient transfections and co-activator p300 enhanced their synergistic activation. We propose that the TSSC plays a vital role in the exon 1a transcription and that this function is partially carried out by the transcription factor YY1. Moreover, co-activator p300 might be able to synergistically enhance the TSSC function via a “bridge” mechanism with upstream sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qiao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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30
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May JM. The SLC23 family of ascorbate transporters: ensuring that you get and keep your daily dose of vitamin C. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1793-801. [PMID: 21418192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ascorbate transporters SVCT1 and SVCT2 are crucial for maintaining intracellular ascorbate concentrations in most cell types. Although the two transporter isoforms are highly homologous, they have different physiologic functions. The SVCT1 is located primarily in epithelial cells and has its greatest effect in reabsorbing ascorbate in the renal tubules. The SVCT2 is located in most non-epithelial tissues, with the highest expression in brain and neuroendocrine tissues. These transporters are hydrophobic membrane proteins that have a high affinity and are highly selective for ascorbate. Their ability to concentrate ascorbate inside cells is driven by the sodium gradient across the plasma membrane as generated by Na+/K+ ATPase. They can concentrate ascorbate 20 to 60-fold over plasma ascorbate concentrations. Ascorbate transport on these proteins is regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Available studies show that transporter function is acutely regulated by protein kinases A and C, whereas transporter expression is increased by low intracellular ascorbate and associated oxidative stress. The knockout of the SVCT2 in mice is lethal on day 1 of life, and almost half of SVCT1 knockout mice do not survive to weaning. These findings confirm the importance both of cellular ascorbate and of the two transport proteins as key to maintaining intracellular ascorbate. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Transporters. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.164.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M May
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0475, USA.
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31
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Park JW. Osseointegration of two different phosphate ion-containing titanium oxide surfaces in rabbit cancellous bone. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24 Suppl A100:145-51. [PMID: 22251085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the osseointegration of grit-blasted titanium (Ti) implants with a hydrophilic phosphate ion-incorporated oxide surface in rabbit cancellous bone, and compared its bone healing with commercially available phosphate-incorporated clinical implants obtained by micro-arc oxidation (TiUnite, TU implant). MATERIAL AND METHODS The hydrophilic phosphate-incorporated Ti surface (P implant) was produced by hydrothermal treatment on grit-blasted moderately rough-surfaced clinical implant. The TU surface was used as a control. The surface characteristics were evaluated by field emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical profilometry, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Thirty-two threaded implants with lengths of 10 and 3.3 mm diameter (16 P implants and 16 TU implants) were placed in the femoral condyles of 16 New Zealand White rabbits. Histomorphometric analysis, removal torque tests, and surface analysis of the torque-tested implants were performed 4 weeks after implantation. RESULTS The P and TU implants displayed micro-rough surface features with similar Ra values at the micron-scale. ICP-AES analysis revealed that both the P and TU implants released phosphate ions into the solution. The torque-tested P and TU implants exhibited a considerable quantity of bone attached to the surface. The P implants exhibited significantly higher bone-implant contact percentages, both in terms of the all threads region and the total lateral length of implants compared with the TU implants (P < 0.01), but no statistical difference was found for the removal torque values. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the phosphate-incorporated Ti oxide surface obtained by hydrothermal treatment achieves rapid osseointegration in cancellous bone by increasing the degree of bone-implant contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Abstract
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is important as an antioxidant and participates in numerous cellular functions. Although it circulates in plasma in micromolar concentrations, it reaches millimolar concentrations in most tissues. These high ascorbate cellular concentrations are thought to be generated and maintained by the SVCT2 (Slc23a2), a specific transporter for ascorbate. The vitamin is also readily recycled from its oxidized forms inside cells. Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) contain some of the highest ascorbic acid concentrations of mammalian tissues. Intracellular ascorbate serves several functions in the CNS, including antioxidant protection, peptide amidation, myelin formation, synaptic potentiation, and protection against glutamate toxicity. The importance of the SVCT2 for CNS function is supported by the finding that its targeted deletion in mice causes widespread cerebral hemorrhage and death on post-natal day 1. Neuronal ascorbate content as maintained by this protein also has relevance for human disease, since ascorbate supplements decrease infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion injury models of stroke, and since ascorbate may protect neurons from the oxidant damage associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. The aim of this review is to assess the role of the SVCT2 in regulating neuronal ascorbate homeostasis and the extent to which ascorbate affects brain function and antioxidant defenses in the CNS.
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CpG methylation at the USF-binding site mediates cell-specific transcription of human ascorbate transporter SVCT2 exon 1a. Biochem J 2011; 440:73-84. [PMID: 21770893 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SVCT2 (sodium-vitamin C co-transporter 2) is the major transporter mediating vitamin C uptake in most organs. Its expression is driven by two promoters (CpG-poor exon 1a promoter and CpG-rich exon 1b promoter). In the present study, we mapped discrete elements within the proximal CpG-poor promoter responsible for exon 1a transcription. We identified two E boxes for USF (upstream stimulating factor) binding and one Y box for NF-Y (nuclear factor Y) binding. We show further that NF-Y and USF bind to the exon 1a promoter in a co-operative manner, amplifying the binding of each to the promoter, and is absolutely required for the full activity of the exon 1a promoter. The analysis of the CpG site located at the upstream USF-binding site in the promoter showed a strong correlation between expression and demethylation. It was also shown that exon 1a transcription was induced in cell culture treated with the demethylating agent decitabine. The specific methylation of this CpG site impaired both the binding of USF and the formation of the functional NF-Y-USF complex as well as promoter activity, suggesting its importance for cell-specific transcription. Thus CpG methylation at the upstream USF-binding site functions in establishing and maintaining cell-specific transcription from the CpG-poor SVCT2 exon 1a promoter.
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34
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May JM. The SLC23 family of ascorbate transporters: ensuring that you get and keep your daily dose of vitamin C. Br J Pharmacol 2011. [PMID: 21418192 DOI: 10.1111/bph.2011.164.issue-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascorbate transporters SVCT1 and SVCT2 are crucial for maintaining intracellular ascorbate concentrations in most cell types. Although the two transporter isoforms are highly homologous, they have different physiologic functions. The SVCT1 is located primarily in epithelial cells and has its greatest effect in reabsorbing ascorbate in the renal tubules. The SVCT2 is located in most non-epithelial tissues, with the highest expression in brain and neuroendocrine tissues. These transporters are hydrophobic membrane proteins that have a high affinity and are highly selective for ascorbate. Their ability to concentrate ascorbate inside cells is driven by the sodium gradient across the plasma membrane as generated by Na+/K+ ATPase. They can concentrate ascorbate 20 to 60-fold over plasma ascorbate concentrations. Ascorbate transport on these proteins is regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Available studies show that transporter function is acutely regulated by protein kinases A and C, whereas transporter expression is increased by low intracellular ascorbate and associated oxidative stress. The knockout of the SVCT2 in mice is lethal on day 1 of life, and almost half of SVCT1 knockout mice do not survive to weaning. These findings confirm the importance both of cellular ascorbate and of the two transport proteins as key to maintaining intracellular ascorbate. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Transporters. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.164.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M May
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0475, USA.
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35
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Bohner M, Loosli Y, Baroud G, Lacroix D. Commentary: Deciphering the link between architecture and biological response of a bone graft substitute. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:478-84. [PMID: 20709195 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of studies have been devoted to the search for the ideal architecture for bone scaffold. Despite these efforts, results are often contradictory, and rules derived from these studies are accordingly vague. In fact, there is enough evidence to postulate that ideal scaffold architecture does not exist. The aim of this document is to explain this statement and review new approaches to decipher the existing but complex link between scaffold architecture and in vivo response.
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36
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Ascorbic acid depletion enhances expression of the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters, SVCT1 and SVCT2, and uptake of ascorbic acid in livers of SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 496:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Michels AJ, Hagen TM. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 is essential for transcription of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter protein 1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C1220-7. [PMID: 19741195 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00348.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transport and distribution of vitamin C is primarily regulated by the function of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs). SVCT1 is expressed in the small intestine, liver, and kidney, organs that play a vital role in whole body vitamin C homeostasis. Despite the importance of this protein, little is known about regulation of the gene encoding SVCT1, Slc23a1. In this study, we present the first investigation of the transcriptional regulation of human Slc23a1, identifying transcription factors that may influence its expression. A 1,239-bp genomic DNA fragment corresponding to the 5'-flanking region of Slc23a1 was isolated from a human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) and sequenced. When cloned into a reporter gene construct, robust transcriptional activity was seen in this sequence, nearly 25-fold above the control vector. Deletion analysis of the SVCT1 reporter gene vector defined the minimal active promoter as a small 135-bp region upstream of the transcriptional start site. While several transcription factor binding sites were identified within this sequence, reporter constructs showed that basal transcription required the binding of hepatic nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) to its cognate sequence. Furthermore, mutation of this HNF-1 binding site resulted in complete loss of luciferase expression, even in the context of the whole promoter. Additionally, small interfering RNA knockdown of both members of the HNF-1 family, HNF-1alpha and HNF-1beta, resulted in a significant decline in SVCT1 transcription. Together, these data suggest that HNF-1alpha and/or HNF-1beta binding is required for SVCT1 expression and may be involved in the coordinate regulation of whole body vitamin C status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Osathanon T, Giachelli CM, Somerman MJ. Immobilization of alkaline phosphatase on microporous nanofibrous fibrin scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4513-21. [PMID: 19501906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) promotes bone formation by degrading inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)), an inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation, and generating inorganic phosphate (P(i)), an inducer of hydroxyapatite formation. P(i) is a crucial molecule in differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. In this study, a method to immobilize ALP on fibrin scaffolds with tightly controllable pore size and pore interconnection was developed, and the biological properties of these scaffolds were characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Microporous, nanofibrous fibrin scaffolds (FS) were fabricated using a sphere-templating method. ALP was covalently immobilized on the fibrin scaffolds using 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Scanning electron microscopic observation (SEM) showed that mineral was deposited on immobilized alkaline phosphatase fibrin scaffolds (immobilized ALP/FS) when incubated in medium supplemented with beta-glycerophosphate, suggesting that the immobilized ALP was active. Primary calvarial cells attached, spread and formed multiple layers on the surface of the scaffolds. Mineral deposition was also observed when calvarial cells were seeded on immobilized ALP/FS. Furthermore, cells seeded on immobilized ALP/FS exhibited higher osteoblast marker gene expression compared to control FS. Upon implantation in mouse calvarial defects, both the immobilized ALP/FS and FS alone treated group had higher bone volume in the defect compared to the empty defect control. Furthermore, bone formation in the immobilized ALP/FS treated group was statistically significant compared to FS alone group. However, the response was not robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Qiao H, May JM. Macrophage differentiation increases expression of the ascorbate transporter (SVCT2). Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1221-32. [PMID: 19232538 PMCID: PMC3732409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether macrophage differentiation involves increased uptake of vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, we assessed the expression and function of its transporter SVCT2 during phorbol ester-induced differentiation of human-derived THP-1 monocytes. Induction of THP-1 monocyte differentiation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) markedly increased SVCT2 mRNA, protein, and function. When ascorbate was present during PMA-induced differentiation, the increase in SVCT2 protein expression was inhibited, but differentiation was enhanced. PMA-induced SVCT2 protein expression was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), with most of the affect due to the PKCbetaI and betaII isoforms. Activation of MEK/ERK was sustained up to 48 h after PMA treatment, and the inhibitors completely blocked PMA-stimulated SVCT2 protein expression, indicating an exclusive role for the classical MAP kinase pathway. However, inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, and several antioxidants also partially prevented SVCT2 induction, suggesting diverse distal routes for control of SVCT2 transcription. Both known promoters for the SVCT2 were involved in these effects. In conclusion, PMA-induced monocyte-macrophage differentiation is enhanced by ascorbate and associated with increased expression and function of the SVCT2 protein through a pathway involving sustained activation of PKCbetaI/II, MAP kinase, NADPH oxidase, and NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qiao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6303, USA
| | - James M. May
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6303, USA
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Claro C, Ruiz R, Cordero E, Pastor MT, López-Cortés LF, Jiménez-Castellanos MR, Lucero MJ. Determination and pharmacokinetic profile of liposomal foscarnet in rabbit ocular tissues after intravitreal administration. Exp Eye Res 2009; 88:528-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Hirota M, Matsui Y, Mizuki N, Watanuki K, Ozawa T, Iwai T, Tohnai I. Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Using Mixture of Autogenous Bone and Highly Pure Porous β-tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP):. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.18.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Savini I, Rossi A, Catani MV, Ceci R, Avigliano L. Redox regulation of vitamin C transporter SVCT2 in C2C12 myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:385-90. [PMID: 17643393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that skeletal muscle cells possess efficient systems for vitamin C accumulation; in particular, the SVCT2 transporter for ascorbic acid uptake seems to play a crucial role. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism(s) accounting for SVCT2 activity in C2C12 myotubes. We found that transcription of the SVCT2 gene could be positively or negatively modulated by the presence of oxidant (H(2)O(2)) or antioxidant (lipoate) compounds, respectively. This redox-mediated regulation of SVCT2 expression seemed to be achieved via AP-1 and NF-kappaB signaling. Our findings could be relevant in skeletal muscle, where reactive oxygen species, naturally produced during physical exercise, can induce muscle damage. Thus, the redox-sensitive SVCT2 expression can be placed among the adaptive responses induced by contractile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Wu X, Zeng LH, Taniguchi T, Xie QM. Activation of PKA and phosphorylation of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 by prostaglandin E2 promote osteoblast-like differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1792-801. [PMID: 17585336 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 2-mediated L-ascorbic acid (AA) uptake is required in osteoblast-like differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is among the most important local factors in bone formation, but the detailed mechanism by which PGE2 induces osteoblast differentiation remains obscure. We revealed that PGE2 induced AA uptake and osteoblast-like differential markers including alkaline phosphatase, collagen, osteocalcin expression, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Inhibition of AA uptake by SVCT2 short isoform functioning as a dominant-negative mutant not only robustly attenuated PGE2-induced markers expression and mineralization, but also decreased their basal levels. However, upregulation of AA uptake resulted from PGE2-induced plasma membrane translocation of cytoplasm SVCT2, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with EP4 receptor antagonist, AH-23848B or cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H-89. Moreover, we showed SVCT2 physically interacted with PKA in immunoprecipitates, and PKA phosphorylated SVCT2 in vitro and in intact cells at Ser402 and Ser639 sites; however, mutation of Ser402 or/and Ser639 in SVCT2 severely diminished SVCT2 translocation in response to PGE2. Together, these results suggest that PGE2-induced SVCT2 plasma membrane translocation through EP4 receptor and subsequent phosphorylation of SVCT2 at Ser402 and Ser639 sites by PKA results in an increase of AA uptake and consequent promotion of osteoblast-like differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Foods and Drugs Administration of China, Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV. SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake. Amino Acids 2007; 34:347-55. [PMID: 17541511 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is accumulated in mammalian cells by two types of proteins: sodium-ascorbate co-transporters (SVCTs) and hexose transporters (GLUTs); in particular, SVCTs actively import ascorbate, the reduced form of this vitamin. SVCTs are surface glycoproteins encoded by two different genes, very similar in structure. They show distinct tissue distribution and functional characteristics, which indicate different physiological roles. SVCT1 is involved in whole-body homeostasis of vitamin C, while SVCT2 protects metabolically active cells against oxidative stress. Regulation at mRNA or protein level may serve for preferential accumulation of ascorbic acid at sites where it is needed. This review will summarize the present knowledge on structure, function and regulation of the SVCT transporters. Understanding the physiological role of SVCT1 and SVCT2 may lead to develop new therapeutic strategies to control intracellular vitamin C content or to promote tissue-specific delivery of vitamin C-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Mun GH, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Chung YH, Chung YB, Kang JS, Hwang YI, Oh SH, Kim JG, Hwang DH, Shin DH, Lee WJ. Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters in adult rat brain. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83:919-28. [PMID: 16477646 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs) is known to transport the reduced form of ascorbic acid into the cell, whereas the oxidized form of vitamin C (VC) is moved through a facilitative sugar transporter, such as glucose transporter (GLUT). With regard to the distribution of SVCT1 and -2 within the various organs, they were reported to be expressed in different types of cells. Especially in the central nervous system, only SVCT2 mRNA was expressed mainly in neurons and some types of neuroglial cells. However, data on the expression of SVCT proteins in the brain are scant. Therefore, we tried to develop comprehensive data on the distribution of SVCT proteins in adult rat brain by using immunohistochemical techniques for the first time. In our study, SVCT2 immunoreactivities (IRs) were intensely localized in the neurons of cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and Purkinje cells of cerebellum, and much weaker SVCT2 IRs were found in the other brain regions. Judging from double-immunohistochemical data, most of the cells expressing SVCT2 IRs were likely to be neurons or microglia, even though the cells in choroids plexus or ependymal cells around the ventricles also exhibited SVCT2 IRs. Complete mapping of the distribution of SVCT2 IRs was available by using a semiquantitative method. The subcellular localization of SVCT proteins is necessary for understanding the exact role of the protein, so the current overall mapping of SVCT IRs in the rat brain could be the basis for further studies on related subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hee Mun
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yang H, Curinga G, Giachelli CM. Elevated extracellular calcium levels induce smooth muscle cell matrix mineralization in vitro. Kidney Int 2005; 66:2293-9. [PMID: 15569318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.66015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia, elevated calcium x phosphorus product (Ca x P), and calcium burden, major causes of vascular calcification, are correlated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. METHODS To address the underlying mechanisms responsible for these findings, we have utilized an in vitro human smooth muscle cell (HSMC) model of vascular calcification. Previous studies using this system demonstrated enhanced calcification of HSMC cultures treated with phosphorus levels in the hyperphosphatemic range, and implicated a sodium-dependent phosphate cotransport-dependent mechanism in this effect. In the present study, we examine the effect of increasing calcium concentrations on HSMC calcification in vitro. RESULTS Increasing calcium to levels observed in hypercalcemic individuals increased mineralization of HSMC cultures under normal phosphorus conditions. Importantly, at these total calcium concentrations, ionized calcium levels increased from 1.2 mmol/L to 1.7 mmol/L, consistent with levels observed physiologically in normocalcemic and hypercalcemic individuals, respectively. Furthermore, increasing both calcium and phosphorus levels led to accelerated and increased mineralization in the cultures. Calcium-induced mineralization was dependent on the function of a sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, since it was inhibited by phosphonoformic acid (PFA). While elevated calcium did not affect short-term phosphorus transport kinetics, long-term elevated calcium treatment of HSMCs induced expression of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, Pit-1. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that elevated calcium may stimulate HSMC mineralization by elevating Ca x P product and enhancing the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter-dependent mineralization pathway previously observed in HSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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47
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Zerbo IR, Bronckers ALJJ, de Lange G, Burger EH. Localisation of osteogenic and osteoclastic cells in porous β-tricalcium phosphate particles used for human maxillary sinus floor elevation. Biomaterials 2005; 26:1445-51. [PMID: 15482833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2003] [Accepted: 05/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We and others have shown earlier that porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (Cerasorb) can be used in patients to augment the maxillary sinus floor prior to placement of oral dental implants. To better understand the transformation of TCP particles into bone tissue, we analyse here the appearance of cells with osteogenic or osteoclastic potential in relation to these particles. In biopsies taken at 6 months after sinus floor augmentation we observed bone growth into the TCP particles but also replacement by soft connective tissue. To identify possible osteoprogenitor cells in this tissue, histological sections were immunostained with an antibody to Runx2/Cbfa1, an essential and early transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. The osteogenic potential of cells was further confirmed by immunostaining for bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN). Other sections were stained for Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) activity to identify cells with osteoclastic capacity. Runx2/Cbfa1 positive connective tissue cells were found in abundance throughout and around the TCP particles, even at a distance of several millimetres from the maxillary bone surface. About 95% of the cells found within TCP particles stained positive for Runx2/Cbfa1. Fewer cells stained positive for BSP and OPN, suggesting more mature osteoblastic properties. Mono- and binucleate TRAP-positive cells, but no multinucleate TRAP-positive osteoclasts, were found in the soft tissue infiltrating the TCP and at the surface of the TCP particles. Both the Runx2/Cbfa1 positive and the TRAP-positive cells decreased apically with increasing vertical distance from the maxillary bone surface. This data suggests that the TCP particles attract osteoprogenitor cells that migrate into the interconnecting micropores of the bone substitute material by 6 months. The lack of large multinucleate TRAP positive cells suggests that resorption of the TCP material by osteoclasts plays only a minor role in its replacement by bone. Chemical dissolution, possibly favoured by a high cell metabolism in the particles, seems the predominant cause of TCP degradation. The abundance of Runx2/Cbfa1 positive cells would indicate that with a greater time of healing there will be further bone deposition into these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilara R Zerbo
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, ACTA, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Choudhary S, Kumar A, Kale RK, Raisz LG, Pilbeam CC. Extracellular calcium induces COX-2 in osteoblasts via a PKA pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:395-402. [PMID: 15325243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that extracellular calcium [Ca(+2)](e) induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production via an ERK signaling pathway in osteoblasts. In this study, we examined the roles of protein kinase C (PKC) and A (PKA) signaling pathways in the [Ca(+2)](e) induction of COX-2 in primary calvarial osteoblasts from mice transgenic for -371 bp of the COX-2 promoter fused to a luciferase reporter. Neither PKC specific inhibitors nor downregulation of the PKC pathway by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) affected the [Ca(+2)](e) stimulation of COX-2 mRNA or promoter activity. In contrast, PKA inhibitors, used at doses that inhibited forskolin-stimulated luciferase activity by 90%, reduced [Ca(+2)](e)-stimulated COX-2 mRNA expression and promoter activity by 80-90%. [Ca(+2)](e) also stimulated a 2- to 3-fold increase in cAMP production. Hence, the [Ca(+2)](e) induction of COX-2 mRNA expression and promoter activity was independent of the PKC pathway and dependent on the PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Wu X, Itoh N, Taniguchi T, Hirano J, Nakanishi T, Tanaka K. Stimulation of differentiation in sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 overexpressing MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 317:1159-64. [PMID: 15094391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 2 facilitates reduced ascorbic acid (AA) transport in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Our previous studies suggested that Zn-induced osteoblast differentiation and Ca2+-, PO4(3-)-stimulated osteopontin (OPN) expression might result from their up-regulation effect on SVCT2 expression and AA uptake. Here, we investigated the role of SVCT2 on osteoblast differentiation by using SVCT2-overexpressing cells. Two clones of SVCT2-introduced cells overexpressed SVCT2 mRNA by 2.8- and 3.1-fold those of control cells, which resulted in obvious increase of AA uptake by 2.1- and 2.4-fold in Vmax with no change in Km. Alkaline phosphatase activity, hydroxyproline content significantly increased in SVCT2-overexpressing cells, and the induction of OPN mRNA was through up-regulation of OPN promoter activity by SVCT2 overexpression. Moreover, SVCT2-overexpressing cells exhibited more ability to promote mineralization and increase calcium deposition under the stimulation of 5 mM beta-glycerophosphate. These findings indicate that SVCT2 stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Wu X, Itoh N, Taniguchi T, Nakanishi T, Tatsu Y, Yumoto N, Tanaka K. Zinc-induced sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 expression: potent roles in osteoblast differentiation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 420:114-20. [PMID: 14622981 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that increases osteoblast numbers and bone formation. However, the mechanisms involved in the Zn-induced differentiation of osteoblasts are poorly understood. We examined the roles of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and its transporter, sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 2, in the Zn-induced expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers. Zinc time- and dose-dependently induced SVCT2 mRNA expression in the absence or presence of AA. Western blotting and kinetic assays showed that Zn increased functional SVCT2 protein levels and AA transport. In the presence of AA, 50 microM Zn enhanced mRNA expression of the osteoblastic differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase, alpha(1)(I) procollagen, osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) by 3.9-, 3.8-, 3.3-, and 3.5-fold, respectively; in the absence of AA, the Zn-induced increase was 2.8-, 2.5-, 1.3-, and 1.1-fold, respectively. These findings suggest that AA and SVCT2 mediate Zn-induced OPN and OCN expression and partly regulate Zn-induced osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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