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Gao J, Zhang M, Zu X, Gu X, Hao E, Hou X, Bai G. Glucuronic acid metabolites of phenolic acids target AKT-PH domain to improve glucose metabolism. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:398-406. [PMID: 37538860 PMCID: PMC10394347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Phenolic acids widely exist in the human diet and exert beneficial effects such as improving glucose metabolism. It is not clear whether phenolic acids or their metabolites play a major role in vivo. In this study, caffeic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA), the two most ingested phenolic acids, and their glucuronic acid metabolites, caffeic-4'-O-glucuronide (CA4G) and ferulic-4'-O-glucuronide (FA4G), were investigated. Methods Three insulin resistance models in vitro were established by using TNF-α, insulin and palmitic acid (PA) in HepG2 cells, respectively. We compared the effects of FA, FA4G, CA and CA4G on glucose metabolism in these models by measuring the glucose consumption levels. The potential targets and related pathways were predicted by network pharmacology. Fluorescence quenching measurement was used to analyze the binding between the compounds and the predicted target. To investigate the binding mode, molecular docking was performed. Then, we performed membrane recruitment assays of the AKT pleckstrin homology (PH) domain with the help of the PH-GFP plasmid. AKT enzymatic activity was determined to compare the effects between the metabolites with their parent compounds. Finally, the downstream signaling pathway of AKT was investigated by Western blot analysis. Results The results showed that CA4G and FA4G were more potent than their parent compounds in increasing glucose consumption. AKT was predicted to be the key target of CA4G and FA4G by network pharmacology analysis. The fluorescence quenching test confirmed the more potent binding to AKT of the two metabolites compared to their parent compounds. The molecular docking results indicated that the carbonyl group in the glucuronic acid structure of CA4G and FA4G might bind to the PH domain of AKT at the key Arg-25 site. CA4G and FA4G inhibited the translocation of the AKT PH domain to the membrane, while increasing the activity of AKT. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the metabolites could increase the phosphorylation of AKT and downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3β in the AKT signaling pathway to increase glucose consumption. Conclusion In conclusion, our results suggested that the metabolites of phenolic acids, which contain glucuronic acid, are the key active substances and that they activate AKT by targeting the PH domain, thus improving glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Manqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Xingwang Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Xue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
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2
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Mortazavi M, Moosavi F, Martini M, Giovannetti E, Firuzi O. Prospects of targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103749. [PMID: 35728737 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst prognoses among all malignancies. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, a main downstream effector of KRAS is involved in the regulation of key hallmarks of cancer. We here report that whole-genome analyses demonstrate the frequent involvement of aberrant activations of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components in PDAC patients and critically evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence on the application of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway targeting agents. Combinations of these agents with chemotherapeutics or other targeted therapies, including the modulators of cyclin-dependent kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are also examined. Although human genetic studies and preclinical pharmacological investigations have provided strong evidence on the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in PDAC, clinical studies in general have not been as promising. Patient stratification seems to be the key missing point and with the advent of biomarker-guided clinical trials, targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could provide valuable assets for treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazine Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ma Q, Srinivasan L, Gabelli SB, Raben DM. Elusive structure of mammalian DGKs. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 83:100847. [PMID: 34922895 PMCID: PMC8858910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) to produce phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). In doing so, they modulate the levels of these two important signaling lipids. Currently, ten mammalian DGKs are organized into five classes that vary with respect to domain organization, regulation, and cellular/subcellular distribution. As lipids play critical roles in cells, it is not surprising that there is increasing interest in understanding the mechanism underlying the catalysis and regulation of lipid modulating enzymes such as DGKs. However, there are no solved 3D structures for any of the eukaryotic DGKs. In this review, we summarize what is known and the current challenges in determining the structures of these important enzymes. In addition to gain critical insights into their mechanisms of catalysis and regulation, DGK structures will provide a platform for the design of isoform specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Lakshmi Srinivasan
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Sandra B. Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland,Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland,Corresponding author: Sandra B. Gabelli (), Daniel M. Raben ()
| | - Daniel M. Raben
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland,Corresponding author: Sandra B. Gabelli (), Daniel M. Raben ()
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4
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Maffucci T, Falasca M. Signalling Properties of Inositol Polyphosphates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225281. [PMID: 33198256 PMCID: PMC7696153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified specific signalling functions for inositol polyphosphates (IPs) in different cell types and have led to the accumulation of new information regarding their cellular roles as well as new insights into their cellular production. These studies have revealed that interaction of IPs with several proteins is critical for stabilization of protein complexes and for modulation of enzymatic activity. This has not only revealed their importance in regulation of several cellular processes but it has also highlighted the possibility of new pharmacological interventions in multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe some of the intracellular roles of IPs and we discuss the pharmacological opportunities that modulation of IPs levels can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +61-08-92669712 (M.F.)
| | - Marco Falasca
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +61-08-92669712 (M.F.)
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5
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Maffucci T, Falasca M. Inositol Polyphosphate-Based Compounds as Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Dependent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7198. [PMID: 33003448 PMCID: PMC7582811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways regulated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes have a well-established role in cancer development and progression. Over the past 30 years, the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway has been well recognized, and this has led to the development of a multitude of drugs, some of which have progressed into clinical trials, with few of them currently approved for use in specific cancer settings. While many inhibitors compete with ATP, hence preventing the catalytic activity of the kinases directly, a deep understanding of the mechanisms of PI3K-dependent activation of its downstream effectors led to the development of additional strategies to prevent the initiation of this signaling pathway. This review summarizes previously published studies that led to the identification of inositol polyphosphates as promising parent molecules to design novel inhibitors of PI3K-dependent signals. We focus our attention on the inhibition of protein-membrane interactions mediated by binding of pleckstrin homology domains and phosphoinositides that we proposed 20 years ago as a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Subcellular Localization Relevance and Cancer-Associated Mechanisms of Diacylglycerol Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155297. [PMID: 32722576 PMCID: PMC7432101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of reports suggests a significant involvement of the phosphoinositide (PI) cycle in cancer development and progression. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are very active in the PI cycle. They are a family of ten members that convert diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid (PA), two-second messengers with versatile cellular functions. Notably, some DGK isoforms, such as DGKα, have been reported to possess promising therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. However, further studies are needed in order to better comprehend their involvement in cancer. In this review, we highlight that DGKs are an essential component of the PI cycle that localize within several subcellular compartments, including the nucleus and plasma membrane, together with their PI substrates and that they are involved in mediating major cancer cell mechanisms such as growth and metastasis. DGKs control cancer cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis by regulating Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. In addition, some DGKs control cancer cell migration by regulating the activities of the Rho GTPases Rac1 and RhoA.
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McDermott MI, Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA. Mammalian phospholipase D: Function, and therapeutics. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 78:101018. [PMID: 31830503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being discovered over 60 years ago, the precise role of phospholipase D (PLD) is still being elucidated. PLD enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids producing phosphatidic acid and the free headgroup. PLD family members are found in organisms ranging from viruses, and bacteria to plants, and mammals. They display a range of substrate specificities, are regulated by a diverse range of molecules, and have been implicated in a broad range of cellular processes including receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation and membrane trafficking. Recent technological advances including: the development of PLD knockout mice, isoform-specific antibodies, and specific inhibitors are finally permitting a thorough analysis of the in vivo role of mammalian PLDs. These studies are facilitating increased recognition of PLD's role in disease states including cancers and Alzheimer's disease, offering potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I McDermott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States of America
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8
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Kanematsu T, Oue K, Okumura T, Harada K, Yamawaki Y, Asano S, Mizokami A, Irifune M, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein: A novel signaling molecule for modulating fat metabolism and energy expenditure. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Pemberton JG, Balla T. Polyphosphoinositide-Binding Domains: Insights from Peripheral Membrane and Lipid-Transfer Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1111:77-137. [PMID: 30483964 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Within eukaryotic cells, biochemical reactions need to be organized on the surface of membrane compartments that use distinct lipid constituents to dynamically modulate the functions of integral proteins or influence the selective recruitment of peripheral membrane effectors. As a result of these complex interactions, a variety of human pathologies can be traced back to improper communication between proteins and membrane surfaces; either due to mutations that directly alter protein structure or as a result of changes in membrane lipid composition. Among the known structural lipids found in cellular membranes, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is unique in that it also serves as the membrane-anchored precursor of low-abundance regulatory lipids, the polyphosphoinositides (PPIn), which have restricted distributions within specific subcellular compartments. The ability of PPIn lipids to function as signaling platforms relies on both non-specific electrostatic interactions and the selective stereospecific recognition of PPIn headgroups by specialized protein folds. In this chapter, we will attempt to summarize the structural diversity of modular PPIn-interacting domains that facilitate the reversible recruitment and conformational regulation of peripheral membrane proteins. Outside of protein folds capable of capturing PPIn headgroups at the membrane interface, recent studies detailing the selective binding and bilayer extraction of PPIn species by unique functional domains within specific families of lipid-transfer proteins will also be highlighted. Overall, this overview will help to outline the fundamental physiochemical mechanisms that facilitate localized interactions between PPIn lipids and the wide-variety of PPIn-binding proteins that are essential for the coordinate regulation of cellular metabolism and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Ali I, Eu S, Koch D, Bleimling N, Goody RS, Müller MP. Structure of the tandem PX-PH domains of Bem3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:315-321. [PMID: 29718000 PMCID: PMC5931145 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18005915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of the tandem lipid-binding PX and pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains of the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein Bem3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain S288c) has been determined to a resolution of 2.2 Å (Rwork = 21.1%, Rfree = 23.4%). It shows that the domains adopt a relative orientation that enables them to simultaneously bind to a membrane and suggests possible cooperativity in membrane binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ali
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sungmin Eu
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Koch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nathalie Bleimling
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roger S. Goody
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias P. Müller
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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11
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Li C, Lev S, Desmarini D, Kaufman-Francis K, Saiardi A, Silva APG, Mackay JP, Thompson PE, Sorrell TC, Djordjevic JT. IP 3-4 kinase Arg1 regulates cell wall homeostasis and surface architecture to promote clearance of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in a mouse model. Virulence 2017; 8:1833-1848. [PMID: 28976803 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1385692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a series of inositol polyphosphate kinases (IPKs), Arg1, Ipk1, Kcs1 and Asp1, in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Using gene deletion analysis, we characterized Arg1, Ipk1 and Kcs1 and showed that they act sequentially to convert IP3 to PP-IP5 (IP7), a key metabolite promoting stress tolerance, metabolic adaptation and fungal dissemination to the brain. We have now directly characterized the enzymatic activity of Arg1, demonstrating that it is a dual specificity (IP3/IP4) kinase producing IP5. We showed previously that IP5 is further phosphorylated by Ipk1 to produce IP6, which is a substrate for the synthesis of PP-IP5 by Kcs1. Phenotypic comparison of the arg1Δ and kcs1Δ deletion mutants (both PP-IP5-deficient) reveals that arg1Δ has the most deleterious phenotype: while PP-IP5 is essential for metabolic and stress adaptation in both mutant strains, PP-IP5 is dispensable for virulence-associated functions such as capsule production, cell wall organization, and normal N-linked mannosylation of the virulence factor, phospholipase B1, as these phenotypes were defective only in arg1Δ. The more deleterious arg1Δ phenotype correlated with a higher rate of arg1Δ phagocytosis by human peripheral blood monocytes and rapid arg1Δ clearance from lung in a mouse model. This observation is in contrast to kcs1Δ, which we previously reported establishes a chronic, confined lung infection. In summary, we show that Arg1 is the most crucial IPK for cryptococcal virulence, conveying PP-IP5-dependent and novel PP-IP5-independent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Li
- a Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research , 176 Hawkesbury road, Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,b Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney , Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,c Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney , NSW Australia
| | - Sophie Lev
- a Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research , 176 Hawkesbury road, Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,b Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney , Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,c Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney , NSW Australia
| | - Desmarini Desmarini
- a Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research , 176 Hawkesbury road, Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia
| | - Keren Kaufman-Francis
- a Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research , 176 Hawkesbury road, Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,c Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney , NSW Australia
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- d Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London , Gower street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
| | - Ana P G Silva
- e School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney , Camperdown , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Joel P Mackay
- e School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney , Camperdown , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Philip E Thompson
- f Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- a Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research , 176 Hawkesbury road, Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,b Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney , Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,c Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney , NSW Australia.,g Westmead Hospital , Westmead , NSW 2145 , Australia
| | - Julianne T Djordjevic
- a Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research , 176 Hawkesbury road, Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,b Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney , Westmead NSW 2145 , Australia.,c Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney , NSW Australia.,g Westmead Hospital , Westmead , NSW 2145 , Australia
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12
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Takikawa M, Ohki R. A vicious partnership between AKT and PHLDA3 to facilitate neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1101-1108. [PMID: 28295876 PMCID: PMC5480075 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) are rare cancers that generally have a poor prognosis. Accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of these tumors requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of PanNET. It has been shown that the mTOR inhibitor everolimus can improve the progression‐free survival of PanNET patients, suggesting that inhibition of the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway may suppress the progression of PanNET. PHLDA3 is a novel tumor suppressor protein that inhibits Akt activation by competition for binding to PIP3. Our analysis of PanNET revealed frequent loss‐of‐heterozygosity and DNA methylation at the PHLDA3 locus, resulting in strong suppression of PHLDA3 transcription. Such alterations in the PHLDA3 gene were also frequently found in lung neuroendocrine tumors (NET), suggesting the possibility that various types of NET have in common the functional loss of the PHLDA3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takikawa
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Ohki
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Yamawaki Y, Oue K, Shirawachi S, Asano S, Harada K, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein can regulate obesity, a state of peripheral inflammation. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2016; 53:18-24. [PMID: 28408965 PMCID: PMC5390332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. Chronic inflammation in fat influences the development of obesity-related diseases. Many reports state that obesity increases the risk of morbidity in many diseases, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, and breast, prostate and colon cancers, leading to increased mortality. Obesity is also associated with chronic neuropathologic conditions such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. However, there is strong evidence that weight loss reduces these risks, by limiting blood pressure and improving levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Prevention and control of obesity is complex, and requires a multifaceted approach. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms driving fat metabolism (adipogenesis and lipolysis) aims at developing clinical treatments to control obesity. We recently reported a new regulatory mechanism in fat metabolism: a protein phosphatase binding protein, phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP), regulates lipolysis in white adipocytes and heat production in brown adipocytes via phosphoregulation. Deficiency of PRIP in mice led to reduced fat accumulation and increased energy expenditure, resulting in a lean phenotype. Here, we evaluate PRIP as a new therapeutic target for the control of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamawaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kana Oue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satomi Shirawachi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kae Harada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Asano S, Nemoto T, Kitayama T, Harada K, Zhang J, Harada K, Tanida I, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) controls KIF5B-mediated insulin secretion. Biol Open 2014; 3:463-74. [PMID: 24812354 PMCID: PMC4058080 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20147591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP)-knockout mice exhibited hyperinsulinemia. Here, we investigated the role of PRIP in insulin granule exocytosis using Prip-knockdown mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells. Insulin release from Prip-knockdown MIN6 cells was higher than that from control cells, and Prip knockdown facilitated movement of GFP-phogrin-labeled insulin secretory vesicles. Double-immunofluorescent staining and density step-gradient analyses showed that the KIF5B motor protein co-localized with insulin vesicles in Prip-knockdown MIN6 cells. Knockdown of GABAA-receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), a microtubule-associated PRIP-binding partner, by Gabarap silencing in MIN6 cells reduced the co-localization of insulin vesicles with KIF5B and the movement of vesicles, resulting in decreased insulin secretion. However, the co-localization of KIF5B with microtubules was not altered in Prip- and Gabarap-knockdown cells. The presence of unbound GABARAP, freed either by an interference peptide or by Prip silencing, in MIN6 cells enhanced the co-localization of insulin vesicles with microtubules and promoted vesicle mobility. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PRIP and GABARAP function in a complex to regulate KIF5B-mediated insulin secretion, providing new insights into insulin exocytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kae Harada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Laboratory of Biomembranes, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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15
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Scott SA, Mathews TP, Ivanova PT, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Chemical modulation of glycerolipid signaling and metabolic pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1060-84. [PMID: 24440821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years ago, glycerolipids captured the attention of biochemical researchers as novel cellular signaling entities. We now recognize that these biomolecules occupy signaling nodes critical to a number of physiological and pathological processes. Thus, glycerolipid-metabolizing enzymes present attractive targets for new therapies. A number of fields-ranging from neuroscience and cancer to diabetes and obesity-have elucidated the signaling properties of glycerolipids. The biochemical literature teems with newly emerging small molecule inhibitors capable of manipulating glycerolipid metabolism and signaling. This ever-expanding pool of chemical modulators appears daunting to those interested in exploiting glycerolipid-signaling pathways in their model system of choice. This review distills the current body of literature surrounding glycerolipid metabolism into a more approachable format, facilitating the application of small molecule inhibitors to novel systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Tools to study lipid functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pavlina T Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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16
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Ishisaka M, Hara H. The Roles of Diacylglycerol Kinases in the Central Nervous System: Review of Genetic Studies in Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:336-43. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13r07cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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Lyakhova TA, Knight JD. The C2 domains of granuphilin are high-affinity sensors for plasma membrane lipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 182:29-37. [PMID: 24184645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-targeting proteins are crucial components of many cell signaling pathways, including the secretion of insulin. Granuphilin, also known as synaptotagmin-like protein 4, functions in tethering secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to exocytosis. Granuphilin docks to insulin secretory vesicles through interaction of its N-terminal domain with vesicular Rab proteins; however, the mechanisms of granuphilin plasma membrane targeting and release are less clear. Granuphilin contains two C2 domains, C2A and C2B, that interact with the plasma membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. The goal of this study was to determine membrane-binding mechanisms, affinities, and kinetics of both granuphilin C2 domains using fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Results indicate that both C2A and C2B bind anionic lipids in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. The C2A domain binds liposomes containing a physiological mixture of lipids including 2% PI(4,5)P2 or PI(3,4,5)P3 with high affinity (apparent K(d, PIPx) of 2-5 nM), and binds nonspecifically with moderate affinity to anionic liposomes lacking phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIPx) lipids. The C2B domain binds with sub-micromolar affinity to liposomes containing PI(4,5)P2 but does not have a measurable affinity for background anionic lipids. Both domains can be competed away from their target lipids by the soluble PIPx analog inositol-(1,2,3,4,5,6)-hexakisphosphate (IP6), which is a positive regulator of insulin secretion. Potential roles of these interactions in the docking and release of granuphilin from the plasma membrane are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Lyakhova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Jefferson D Knight
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217, USA.
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Joshi RP, Koretzky GA. Diacylglycerol kinases: regulated controllers of T cell activation, function, and development. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6649-73. [PMID: 23531532 PMCID: PMC3645659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a diverse family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG), a crucial second messenger of receptor-mediated signaling, to phosphatidic acid (PA). Both DAG and PA are bioactive molecules that regulate a wide set of intracellular signaling proteins involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Clear evidence points to a critical role for DGKs in modulating T cell activation, function, and development. More recently, studies have elucidated factors that control DGK function, suggesting an added complexity to how DGKs act during signaling. This review summarizes the available knowledge of the function and regulation of DGK isoforms in signal transduction with a particular focus on T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan P. Joshi
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Gary A. Koretzky
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-215-746-5522; Fax: +1-215-746-5525
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Delage E, Ruelland E, Guillas I, Zachowski A, Puyaubert J. Arabidopsis type-III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases β1 and β2 are upstream of the phospholipase C pathway triggered by cold exposure. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:565-76. [PMID: 22318862 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) is the most abundant phosphoinositide in plants and the precursor of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)]. This lipid is the substrate of phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C (PI-PLC) that produces diacylglycerol (DAG) which can be phosphorylated to phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). In plants, it has been suggested that PtdIns4P may also be a direct substrate of PI-PLC. Whether PtdIns4P is the precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) or a substrate of PI-PLC, its production by phosphatidylinositol-4-kinases (PI4Ks) is the first step in generating the phosphoinositides hydrolyzed by PI-PLC. PI4Ks can be divided into type-II and type-III. In plants, the identity of the PI4K upstream of PI-PLC is unknown. In Arabidopsis, cold triggers PI-PLC activation, resulting in PtdOH production which is paralleled by decreases in PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P(2). In suspension cells, both the PtdIns4P decrease and the PtdOH increase in response to cold were impaired by 30 μM wortmannin, a type-III PI4K inhibitor. Type-III PI4Ks include AtPI4KIIIα1, β1 and β2 isoforms. In this work we show that PtdOH resulting from the PI-PLC pathway is significantly lowered in a pi4kIIIβ1β2 double mutant exposed to cold stress. Such a decrease was not detected in single pi4kIIIβ1 and pi4kIIIβ2 mutants, indicating that AtPI4KIIIβ1 and AtPI4KIIIβ2 can both act upstream of the PI-PLC. Although several short-term to long-term responses to cold were unchanged in pi4kIIIβ1β2, cold induction of several genes was impaired in the double mutant and its germination was hypersensitive to chilling. We also provide evidence that de novo synthesis of PtdIns4P by PI4Ks occurs in parallel to PI-PLC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Delage
- CNRS, EAC7180, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Paris and UPMC Univ Paris 06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Paris, France
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20
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Gao J, Takeuchi H, Zhang Z, Fukuda M, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) modulates synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) phosphorylation and exocytosis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10565-10578. [PMID: 22311984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.294645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exocytosis is one of the most fundamental cellular events. The basic mechanism of the final step, membrane fusion, is mediated by the formation of the SNARE complex, which is modulated by the phosphorylation of proteins controlled by the concerted actions of protein kinases and phosphatases. We have previously shown that a protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) anchoring protein, phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein (PRIP), has an inhibitory role in regulated exocytosis. The current study investigated the involvement of PRIP in the phospho-dependent modulation of exocytosis. Dephosphorylation of synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) was mainly catalyzed by PP1, and the process was modulated by wild-type PRIP but not by the mutant (F97A) lacking PP1 binding ability in in vitro studies. We then examined the role of PRIP in phospho-dependent regulation of exocytosis in cell-based studies using pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 cells, which secrete noradrenalin. Exogenous expression of PRIP accelerated the dephosphorylation process of phosphorylated SNAP-25 after forskolin or phorbol ester treatment of the cells. The phospho-states of SNAP-25 were correlated with noradrenalin secretion, which was enhanced by forskolin or phorbol ester treatment and modulated by PRIP expression in PC12 cells. Both SNAP-25 and PP1 were co-precipitated in anti-PRIP immunocomplex isolated from PC12 cells expressing PRIP. Collectively, together with our previous observation regarding the roles of PRIP in PP1 regulation, these results suggest that PRIP is involved in the regulation of the phospho-states of SNAP-25 by modulating the activity of PP1, thus regulating exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan and
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan and
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan and
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan and.
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21
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Takeuchi H, Zhang Z, Gao J, Sugiyama G, Takeuchi T, Hirata M. Second basic pockets contribute to the localization of PX domains by binding to phosphatidic acid. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 52:183-194. [PMID: 21930145 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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22
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Rosen SAJ, Gaffney PRJ, Spiess B, Gould IR. Understanding the relative affinity and specificity of the pleckstrin homology domain of protein kinase B for inositol phosphates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:929-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22240f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Rincón E, Gharbi SI, Santos-Mendoza T, Mérida I. Diacylglycerol kinase ζ: At the crossroads of lipid signaling and protein complex organization. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates are highly energetic inositol polyphosphate molecules present in organisms from slime molds and yeast to mammals. Distinct classes of enzymes generate different forms of inositol pyrophosphates. The biosynthesis of these substances principally involves phosphorylation of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP₆) to generate the pyrophosphate IP₇. Initial insights into functions of these substances derived primarily from yeast, which contain a single isoform of IP₆ kinase (yIP₆K), as well as from the slime mold Dictyostelium. Mammalian functions for inositol pyrophosphates have been investigated by using cell lines to establish roles in various processes, including insulin secretion and apoptosis. More recently, mice with targeted deletion of IP₆K isoforms as well as the related inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) have substantially enhanced our understanding of inositol polyphosphate physiology. Phenotypic alterations in mice lacking inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP₆K1) reveal signaling roles for these molecules in insulin homeostasis, obesity, and immunological functions. Inositol pyrophosphates regulate these processes at least in part by inhibiting activation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt. Similar studies of IP₆K2 establish this enzyme as a cell death inducer acting by stimulating the proapoptotic protein p53. IPMK is responsible for generating the inositol phosphate IP₅ but also has phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity--that participates in activation of Akt. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the physiological functions of the inositol pyrophosphates based in substantial part on studies in mice with deletion of IP₆K isoforms. These findings highlight the interplay of IPMK and IP₆K in regulating growth factor and nutrient-mediated cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutosh Chakraborty
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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25
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Shulga YV, Topham MK, Epand RM. Regulation and functions of diacylglycerol kinases. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6186-208. [PMID: 21800853 DOI: 10.1021/cr1004106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Shulga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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26
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Rosen SAJ, Gaffney PRJ, Gould IR. A theoretical investigation of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1070-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00956c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Mizokami A, Tanaka H, Ishibashi H, Umebayashi H, Fukami K, Takenawa T, Nakayama KI, Yokoyama T, Nabekura J, Kanematsu T, Hirata M. GABA(A) receptor subunit alteration-dependent diazepam insensitivity in the cerebellum of phospholipase C-related inactive protein knockout mice. J Neurochem 2010; 114:302-10. [PMID: 20412381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The GABA(A) receptor, a pentamer composed predominantly of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, mediates fast inhibitory synaptic transmission. We have previously reported that phospholipase C-related inactive protein (PRIP) is a modulator of GABA(A) receptor trafficking and that knockout (KO) mice exhibit a diazepam-insensitive phenotype in the hippocampus. The alpha subunit affects diazepam sensitivity; alpha1, 2, 3, and 5 subunits assemble with any form of beta and the gamma2 subunits to produce diazepam-sensitive receptors, whereas alpha4 or alpha6/beta/gamma2 receptors are diazepam-insensitive. Here, we investigated how PRIP is implicated in the diazepam-insensitive phenotype using cerebellar granule cells in animals expressing predominantly the alpha6 subunit. The expression of alpha1/beta/gamma2 diazepam-sensitive receptors was decreased in the PRIP-1 and 2 double KO cerebellum without any change in the total number of benzodiazepine-binding sites as assessed by radioligand-binding assay. Since levels of the alpha6 subunit were increased, the alpha1/beta/gamma2 receptors might be replaced with alpha6 subunit-containing receptors. Then, we further performed autoradiographic and electrophysiologic analyses. These results suggest that the expression of alpha6/delta receptors was decreased in cerebellar granule neurons, while that of alpha6/gamma2 receptors was increased. PRIP-1 and 2 double KO mice exhibit a diazepam-insensitive phenotype because of a decrease in diazepam-sensitive (alpha1/gamma2) and increase in diazepam-insensitive (alpha6/gamma2) GABA(A) receptors in the cerebellar granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mizokami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Barker CJ, Illies C, Gaboardi GC, Berggren PO. Inositol pyrophosphates: structure, enzymology and function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3851-71. [PMID: 19714294 PMCID: PMC11115731 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of the inositol backbone provides a platform on which to generate a vast array of distinct molecular motifs that are used to convey information both in signal transduction and many other critical areas of cell biology. Diphosphoinositol phosphates, or inositol pyrophosphates, are the most recently characterized members of the inositide family. They represent a new frontier with both novel targets within the cell and novel modes of action. This includes the proposed pyrophosphorylation of a unique subset of proteins. We review recent insights into the structures of these molecules and the properties of the enzymes which regulate their concentration. These enzymes also act independently of their catalytic activity via protein-protein interactions. This unique combination of enzymes and products has an important role in diverse cellular processes including vesicle trafficking, endo- and exocytosis, apoptosis, telomere length regulation, chromatin hyperrecombination, the response to osmotic stress, and elements of nucleolar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher John Barker
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Matsuda M, Tsutsumi K, Kanematsu T, Fukami K, Terada Y, Takenawa T, Nakayama KI, Hirata M. Involvement of Phospholipase C-Related Inactive Protein in the Mouse Reproductive System Through the Regulation of Gonadotropin Levels1. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:681-9. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.076760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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30
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ARAP3 binding to phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate depends on N-terminal tandem PH domains and adjacent sequences. Cell Signal 2009; 22:257-64. [PMID: 19786092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are modules characterised by a conserved three-dimensional protein fold. Several PH domains bind phosphoinositides with high affinity and specificity whilst most others do not. ARAP3 is a dual GTPase activating protein for Arf6 and RhoA which was identified in a screen for phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphophate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)) binding proteins. It is a regulator of cell shape and adhesion, and is itself regulated by PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3,) which acts to recruit ARAP3 to the plasma membrane and to catalytically activate it. We show here that ARAP3 binds to PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) in an unusual, PH domain-dependent manner. None of the five PH domains are sufficient to bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) in isolation. Instead, the minimal PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) binding fragment comprises ARAP3's N-terminal tandem PH domains, and an N-terminal linker region. For substantial binding, the N-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain is also required. Site-directed mutagenesis of either of the two N-terminal PH domains within the fragment greatly reduces binding to PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), however, in the context of the full-length protein, point mutations in the second PH domain have a lesser effect on binding, whilst deletion of any one of the five PH domains abolishes PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) binding. We propose a mechanism by which basic residues from the N-terminal tandem PH domains, and from elsewhere in the protein synergise to mediate strong, specific PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) binding.
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32
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Gao J, Takeuchi H, Zhang Z, Fujii M, Kanematsu T, Hirata M. Binding of phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate via the PH domain. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Diacylglycerol kinases as sources of phosphatidic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:942-8. [PMID: 19264149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are ten mammalian diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) whose primary role is to terminate diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that DGKs also influence signaling events through their product, phosphatidic acid (PA). They do so in some cases by associating with proteins and then modifying their activity by generating PA. In other cases, DGKs broadly regulate signaling events by virtue of their ability to provide PA for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns).
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Topham MK, Epand RM. Mammalian diacylglycerol kinases: molecular interactions and biological functions of selected isoforms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:416-24. [PMID: 19364481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) are a group of enzymes having important roles in regulating many biological processes. Both the product and the substrate of these enzymes, i.e. diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, are important lipid signalling molecules. Each DGK isoform appears to have a distinct biological function as a consequence of its location in the cell and/or the proteins with which it associates. This review discusses three of the more extensively studied forms of this enzyme, DGKalpha, DGKvarepsilon, and DGKzeta. DGKalpha has an important role in immune function and its activity is modulated by several mechanisms. DGKvarepsilon has several unique features among which is its specificity for arachionoyl-containing substrates, suggesting its importance in phosphatidylinositol cycling. DGKzeta is expressed in many tissues and also has several mechanisms to regulate its functions. It is localized in several subcellular organelles, including the nucleus. The current state of our understanding of the properties and functions of these proteins is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Topham
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Sakane F, Imai SI, Kai M, Yasuda S, Kanoh H. Diacylglycerol kinases: Why so many of them? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2007; 1771:793-806. [PMID: 17512245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (DGK) modulates the balance between the two signaling lipids, DAG and phosphatidic acid (PA), by phosphorylating DAG to yield PA. To date, ten mammalian DGK isozymes have been identified. In addition to the C1 domains (protein kinase C-like zinc finger structures) conserved commonly in all DGKs, these isoforms possess a variety of regulatory domains of known and/or predicted functions, such as a pair of EF-hand motifs, a pleckstrin homology domain, a sterile alpha motif domain and ankyrin repeats. Beyond our expectations, recent studies have revealed that DGK isozymes play pivotal roles in a wide variety of signal transduction pathways conducting development, neural and immune responses, cytoskeleton reorganization and carcinogenesis. Moreover, there has been rapidly growing evidence indicating that individual DGK isoforms exert their specific roles through interactions with unique partner proteins such as protein kinase Cs, Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein, chimaerins and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase. Therefore, an emerging paradigm for DGK is that the individual DGK isoforms assembled in their own signaling complexes should carry out spatio-temporally segregated tasks for a wide range of biological processes via regulating local, but not global, concentrations of DAG and/or PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Sakane
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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Mizokami A, Kanematsu T, Ishibashi H, Yamaguchi T, Tanida I, Takenaka K, Nakayama KI, Fukami K, Takenawa T, Kominami E, Moss SJ, Yamamoto T, Nabekura J, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related inactive protein is involved in trafficking of gamma2 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors to the cell surface. J Neurosci 2007; 27:1692-701. [PMID: 17301177 PMCID: PMC6673751 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3155-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The subunit composition of GABA(A) receptors is known to be associated with distinct physiological and pharmacological properties. Previous studies that used phospholipase C-related inactive protein type 1 knock-out (PRIP-1 KO) mice revealed that PRIP-1 is involved in the assembly and/or the trafficking of gamma2 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors. There are two PRIP genes in mammals; thus the roles of PRIP-1 might be compensated partly by those of PRIP-2 in PRIP-1 KO mice. Here we used PRIP-1 and PRIP-2 double knock-out (PRIP-DKO) mice and examined the roles for PRIP in regulating the trafficking of GABA(A) receptors. Consistent with previous results, sensitivity to diazepam was reduced in electrophysiological and behavioral analyses of PRIP-DKO mice, suggesting an alteration of gamma2 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors. The surface numbers of diazepam binding sites (alpha/gamma2 subunits) assessed by [3H]flumazenil binding were reduced in the PRIP-DKO mice as compared with those of wild-type mice, whereas the cell surface GABA binding sites (alpha/beta subunits, assessed by [3H]muscimol binding) were increased in PRIP-DKO mice. The association between GABA(A) receptors and GABA(A) receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) was reduced significantly in PRIP-DKO neurons. Disruption of the direct interaction between PRIP and GABA(A) receptor beta subunits via the use of a peptide corresponding to the PRIP-1 binding site reduced the cell surface expression of gamma2 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors in cultured cell lines and neurons. These results suggest that PRIP is implicated in the trafficking of gamma2 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors to the cell surface, probably by acting as a bridging molecule between GABARAP and the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mizokami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, and Station for Collaborative Research
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, and Station for Collaborative Research
| | - Hitoshi Ishibashi
- Department of Cellular and System Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, and
| | - Taku Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kei Takenaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eiki Kominami
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Stephen J. Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Tsuneyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan, and
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, and Station for Collaborative Research
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Kanematsu T, Fujii M, Mizokami A, Kittler JT, Nabekura J, Moss SJ, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related inactive protein is implicated in the constitutive internalization of GABAA receptors mediated by clathrin and AP2 adaptor complex. J Neurochem 2007; 101:898-905. [PMID: 17254016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism for regulating the strength of synaptic inhibition is enabled by altering the number of GABA(A) receptors available at the cell surface. Clathrin and adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex-mediated endocytosis is known to play a fundamental role in regulating cell surface GABA(A) receptor numbers. Very recently, we have elucidated that phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) molecules are involved in the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the internalization of GABA(A) receptors through association with receptor beta subunits and protein phosphatases. In this study, we examined the implications of PRIP molecules in clathrin-mediated constitutive GABA(A) receptor endocytosis, independent of phospho-regulation. We performed a constitutive receptor internalization assay using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells transiently expressed with GABA(A) receptor alpha/beta/gamma subunits and PRIP. PRIP was internalized together with GABA(A) receptors, and the process was inhibited by PRIP-binding peptide which blocks PRIP binding to beta subunits. The clathrin heavy chain, mu2 and beta2 subunits of AP2 and PRIP-1, were complexed with GABA(A) receptor in brain extract as analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation assay using anti-PRIP-1 and anti-beta2/3 GABA(A) receptor antibody or by pull-down assay using beta subunits of GABA(A) receptor. These results indicate that PRIP is primarily implicated in the constitutive internalization of GABA(A) receptor that requires clathrin and AP2 protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanematsu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kanematsu T, Mizokami A, Terunuma M, Takeuchi H, Hirata M. Identification of a Novel Signaling Molecule and Elucidation of Its Cellular Functions —Development of an Interface between Neuroscience and Oral Health Science—. J Oral Biosci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1349-0079(07)80020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lemmon MA. Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains and phosphoinositides. BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM 2007; 74:81-93. [PMID: 17233582 PMCID: PMC3777418 DOI: 10.1042/bss0740081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PH (pleckstrin homology) domains represent the 11th most common domain in the human proteome. They are best known for their ability to bind phosphoinositides with high affinity and specificity, although it is now clear that less than 10% of all PH domains share this property. Cases in which PH domains bind specific phosphoinositides with high affinity are restricted to those phosphoinositides that have a pair of adjacent phosphates in their inositol headgroup. Those that do not [PtdIns3P, PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2] are instead recognized by distinct classes of domains including FYVE domains, PX (phox homology) domains, PHD (plant homeodomain) fingers and the recently identified PROPPINs (b-propellers that bind polyphosphoinositides). Of the 90% of PH domains that do not bind strongly and specifically to phosphoinositides, few are well understood. One group of PH domains appears to bind both phosphoinositides (with little specificity) and Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor) family small G-proteins, and are targeted to the Golgi apparatus where both phosphoinositides and the relevant Arfs are both present. Here, the PH domains may function as coincidence detectors. A central challenge in understanding the majority of PH domains is to establish whether the very low affinity phosphoinositide binding reported in many cases has any functional relevance. For PH domains from dynamin and from Dbl family proteins, this weak binding does appear to be functionally important, although its precise mechanistic role is unclear. In many other cases, it is quite likely that alternative binding partners are more relevant, and that the observed PH domain homology represents conservation of structural fold rather than function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 809C Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA.
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Kanematsu T, Mizokami A, Terunuma M, Takeuchi H, Hirata M. Identification of a Novel Signaling Molecule and Elucidation of Its Cellular Functions-Development of an Interface between Neuroscience and Oral Health Science-. J Oral Biosci 2007. [DOI: 10.2330/joralbiosci.49.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mizokami A, Kanematsu T, Hirata M. Roles of PRIP in GABAA Receptor Signaling. J Oral Biosci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1349-0079(07)80003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kanematsu T, Yasunaga A, Mizoguchi Y, Kuratani A, Kittler JT, Jovanovic JN, Takenaka K, Nakayama KI, Fukami K, Takenawa T, Moss SJ, Nabekura J, Hirata M. Modulation of GABAA Receptor Phosphorylation and Membrane Trafficking by Phospholipase C-related Inactive Protein/Protein Phosphatase 1 and 2A Signaling Complex Underlying Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor-dependent Regulation of GABAergic Inhibition. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:22180-22189. [PMID: 16754670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603118200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates several distinct aspects of synaptic transmission, including GABAergic transmission. Exposure to BDNF alters properties of GABA(A) receptors and induces changes in the expression level at the cell surface. Although phospholipase C-related inactive protein-1 (PRIP-1) plays an important role in GABA(A) receptor trafficking and function, its role in BDNF-dependent modulation of these receptors, together with the role of PRIP-2, was investigated using neurons cultured from PRIP double knock-out mice. The BDNF-dependent inhibition of whole cell GABA-evoked currents observed in wild type neurons was not detected in neurons cultured from knock-out mice. Instead, a gradual increase in GABA-evoked currents in these neurons correlated with a gradual increase in phosphorylation of GABA(A) receptor beta3 subunit in response to BDNF. To characterize the specific role(s) that PRIP plays as components of underlying molecular machinery, we examined the recruitment of protein phosphatase(s) to GABA(A) receptors. We demonstrate that PRIP associates with phosphatases as well as with beta subunits. PRIP was found to colocalize with GABA(A) receptor clusters in cultured neurons and with recombinant GABA(A) receptors when co-expressed in HEK293 cells. Importantly, a peptide mimicking a domain of PRIP involved in binding to beta subunits disrupted the co-localization of these proteins in HEK293 cells and potently inhibited the BDNF-mediated attenuation of GABA(A) receptor currents in wild type neurons. Together, the results suggest that PRIP plays an important role in BDNF-dependent regulation of GABA(A) receptors by mediating the specific association between beta subunits of these receptors with protein phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanematsu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuratani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Physiology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmina N Jovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Kei Takenaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Murakami A, Matsuda M, Nakasima A, Hirata M. Characterization of the human PRIP-1 gene structure and transcriptional regulation. Gene 2006; 382:129-39. [PMID: 16952428 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The PRIP [phospholipase C related, but catalytically inactive protein] family has been isolated as a novel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding protein with a domain organization similar to phospholipase C-delta but lacking the enzyme activity, comprising PRIP-1 and PRIP-2. The PRIP-1 gene is expressed predominantly in the brain, while PRIP-2 exhibits a relatively ubiquitous expression in rats and mice. We also found that PRIP-1 plays an important role in type A receptor signaling for gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain. In this study, we investigated PRIP-1 gene structure and the possible mechanisms involved in the expression. The tissue distribution pattern of PRIP gene expression in humans was similar to that in rodents. 5'RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) analysis using PRIP-1 gene specific primers with human brain mRNA revealed the presence of three new exons, indicating that the PRIP-1 gene is organized into 8 exons intervened by 7 introns. Although three transcripts resulting from the alternative splicing of exon 2 and/or 3 were detected, a transcript lacking exons 2 and 3 was predominantly expressed in humans, suggesting that the translation start codon of human PRIP-1 exists in exon 1. To characterize the human PRIP-1 promoter, transient luciferase assay was carried out with luciferase constructs including various lengths of the 5' flanking region of the PRIP-1 gene. The results indicated that the positive regulatory region is located -237 to -108 bp upstream from the transcription start site. Gel shift assay revealed the specific binding of some nuclear proteins to this region, suggesting that the existence of transcription factors contributes to the positive regulation of PRIP-1 gene expression. Mutation analyses revealed that the binding of a transcription factor, MAZ to the regulatory site leads to the promoter activity, indicating that MAZ is involved in the expression regulation of the human PRIP-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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44
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Yanagihori S, Terunuma M, Koyano K, Kanematsu T, Ho Ryu S, Hirata M. Protein phosphatase regulation by PRIP, a PLC-related catalytically inactive protein--implications in the phospho-modulation of the GABAA receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 46:203-22. [PMID: 16854455 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PRIP, phospholipase C related, but catalytically inactive protein was first identified as a novel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding protein. It has a number of binding partners including protein phosphatase (PP1 and 2A), GABAA receptor associated protein, and the beta subunits of GABAA receptors, in addition to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The identification of these molecules led us to examine the possible involvement of PRIP in the phospho-regulation of the beta subunits of GABAA receptors using hippocampal neurons prepared from PRIP-1 and 2 double knock-out (DKO) mice. Experiments were performed with special reference to the dephosphorylation processes of the beta subunits. The phosphorylation of beta3 subunits by the activation of protein kinase A in cortical neurons of the control mice continued for up to 5 min, even after washing out of the stimulus, followed by a gradual dephosphorylation. That of DKO mice gradually increased in spite of the lower phosphorylation levels induced by the stimulation. There was little difference in the amount of cellular cyclic AMP and protein kinase A activity between the control and mutant mice, indicating that phosphatases such as PP1 and PP2A are primarily involved in the difference. The time course of PP1 activity changes in the vicinity of the receptors in control mice corresponded to the phosphorylation of PRIP, while that of the mutant mice decreased with the period of the incubation. This is a good agreement with the suggestion that PRIP binds to and inactivates PP1, which is regulated by the phosphorylation of PRIP at threonine 94. These results suggest that PRIP plays an important role in controlling the dynamics of GABAA receptor phosphorylation by through PP1 binding and, therefore, the efficacy of synaptic inhibition mediated by these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Yanagihori
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) attenuate diacylglycerol signaling by converting this lipid to phosphatidic acid (PA). The nine mammalian DGKs that have been identified are widely expressed, but each isoform has a unique tissue and subcellular distribution. Their kinase activity is regulated by mechanisms that modify their access to diacylglycerol, directly affect their kinase activity, or alter their ability to bind to other proteins. In many cases, these enzymes regulate the activity of proteins that are modulated by either diacylglycerol or PA. Experiments using cultured cells and model organisms have demonstrated that DGKs have prominent roles in neuronal transmission, lymphocyte signaling, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Topham
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA.
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46
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Corbin JA, Dirkx RA, Falke JJ. GRP1 pleckstrin homology domain: activation parameters and novel search mechanism for rare target lipid. Biochemistry 2005; 43:16161-73. [PMID: 15610010 PMCID: PMC3625374 DOI: 10.1021/bi049017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains play a central role in a wide array of signaling pathways by binding second messenger lipids of the phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipid family. A given type of PIP lipid is formed in a specific cellular membrane where it is generally a minor component of the bulk lipid mixture. For example, the signaling lipid PI(3,4,5)P(3) (or PIP(3)) is generated primarily in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane where it is believed to never exceed 0.02% of the bulk lipid. The present study focuses on the PH domain of the general receptor for phosphoinositides, isoform 1 (GRP1), which regulates the actin cytoskeleton in response to PIP(3) signals at the plasma membrane surface. The study systematically analyzes both the equilibrium and kinetic features of GRP1-PH domain binding to its PIP lipid target on a bilayer surface. Equilibrium binding measurements utilizing protein-to-membrane fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to detect GRP1-PH domain docking to membrane-bound PIP lipids confirm specific binding to PIP(3). A novel FRET competitive binding measurement developed to quantitate docking affinity yields a K(D) of 50 +/- 10 nM for GRP1-PH domain binding to membrane-bound PIP(3) in a physiological lipid mixture approximating the composition of the plasma membrane inner leaflet. This observed K(D) lies in a suitable range for regulation by physiological PIP(3) signals. Interestingly, the affinity of the interaction decreases at least 12-fold when the background anionic lipids phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) are removed from the lipid mixture. Stopped-flow kinetic studies using protein-to-membrane FRET to monitor association and dissociation time courses reveal that this affinity decrease arises from a corresponding decrease in the on-rate for GRP1-PH domain docking with little or no change in the off-rate for domain dissociation from membrane-bound PIP(3). Overall, these findings indicate that the PH domain interacts not only with its target lipid, but also with other features of the membrane surface. The results are consistent with a previously undescribed type of two-step search mechanism for lipid binding domains in which weak, nonspecific electrostatic interactions between the PH domain and background anionic lipids facilitate searching of the membrane surface for PIP(3) headgroups, thereby speeding the high-affinity, specific docking of the domain to its rare target lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph J. Falke
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ; tel 303-492-3597; fax 303-492-5894
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Terunuma M, Jang IS, Ha SH, Kittler JT, Kanematsu T, Jovanovic JN, Nakayama KI, Akaike N, Ryu SH, Moss SJ, Hirata M. GABAA receptor phospho-dependent modulation is regulated by phospholipase C-related inactive protein type 1, a novel protein phosphatase 1 anchoring protein. J Neurosci 2005; 24:7074-84. [PMID: 15306641 PMCID: PMC6729171 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1323-04.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA(A) receptors are critical in controlling neuronal activity. Here, we examined the role for phospholipase C-related inactive protein type 1 (PRIP-1), which binds and inactivates protein phosphatase 1alpha (PP1alpha) in facilitating GABA(A) receptor phospho-dependent regulation using PRIP-1-/- mice. In wild-type animals, robust phosphorylation and functional modulation of GABA(A) receptors containing beta3 subunits by cAMP-dependent protein kinase was evident, which was diminished in PRIP-1-/- mice. PRIP-1-/- mice exhibited enhanced PP1alpha activity compared with controls. Furthermore, PRIP-1 was able to interact directly with GABA(A) receptor beta subunits, and moreover, these proteins were found to be PP1alpha substrates. Finally, phosphorylation of PRIP-1 on threonine 94 facilitated the dissociation of PP1alpha-PRIP-1 complexes, providing a local mechanism for the activation of PP1alpha. Together, these results suggest an essential role for PRIP-1 in controlling GABA(A) receptor activity via regulating subunit phosphorylation and thereby the efficacy of neuronal inhibition mediated by these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Terunuma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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48
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Jose AM, Koelle MR. Domains, amino acid residues, and new isoforms of Caenorhabditis elegans diacylglycerol kinase 1 (DGK-1) important for terminating diacylglycerol signaling in vivo. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:2730-6. [PMID: 15563467 PMCID: PMC2048986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409460200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) inhibit diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling by phosphorylating DAG. DGK-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of human neuronal DGK, inhibits neurotransmission to control behavior. DGK-1, like DGK, has three cysteine-rich domains (CRDs), a pleckstrin homology domain, and a kinase domain. To identify DGK domains and amino acid residues critical for terminating DAG signaling in vivo, we analyzed 20 dgk-1 mutants defective in DGK-1-controlled behaviors. We found by sequencing that the mutations included nine amino acid substitutions and seven premature stop codons that impair the physiological functions of DGK-1. All nine amino acid substitutions are in the second CRD, the third CRD, or the kinase domain. Thus, these domains are important for the termination of DAG signaling by DGK-1 in vivo. Seven of the substituted amino acid residues are present in all human DGKs and likely define key residues required for the function of all DGKs. An ATP-binding site mutation expected to inactivate the kinase domain retained very little physiological function, but we found two stop codon mutants predicted to truncate DGK-1 before its kinase domain that retained significantly more function. We detected novel splice forms of dgk-1 that can reconcile this apparent conflict, as they skip exons containing the stop codons to produce DGK-1 isoforms that contain the kinase domain. Two of these isoforms lack an intact pleckstrin homology domain and yet appear to have significant function. Additional novel isoform(s) account for all of the DGK-1 function necessary for one behavior, dopamine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony M. Jose
- Departments of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Michael R. Koelle
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- ¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., SHM CE-30, New Haven, CT 06520. Tel.: 203-737-5808; Fax: 203-785-6404; E-mail:
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Abstract
PH domains (pleckstrin homology domains) are the 11th most common domain in the human genome and are best known for their ability to target cellular membranes by binding specifically to phosphoinositides. Recent studies in yeast have shown that, in fact, this is a property of only a small fraction of the known PH domains. Most PH domains are not capable of independent membrane targeting, and those capable of doing so (approx. 33%) appear, most often, to require both phosphoinositide and non-phosphoinositide determinants for their subcellular localization. Several recent studies have suggested that small GTPases such as ARF family proteins play a role in defining PH domain localization. Some others have described a signalling role for PH domains in regulating small GTPases, although phosphoinositides may also play a role. These findings herald a change in our perspective of PH domain function, which will be significantly more diverse than previously supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lemmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 809C Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA.
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Yu JW, Mendrola JM, Audhya A, Singh S, Keleti D, DeWald DB, Murray D, Emr SD, Lemmon MA. Genome-wide analysis of membrane targeting by S. cerevisiae pleckstrin homology domains. Mol Cell 2004; 13:677-88. [PMID: 15023338 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(04)00083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Revised: 01/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are small protein modules known for their ability to bind phosphoinositides and to drive membrane recruitment of their host proteins. We investigated phosphoinositide binding (in vitro and in vivo) and subcellular localization, and we modeled the electrostatic properties for all 33 PH domains encoded in the S. cerevisiae genome. Only one PH domain (from Num1p) binds phosphoinositides with high affinity and specificity. Six bind phosphoinositides with moderate affinity and little specificity and are membrane targeted in a phosphoinositide-dependent manner. Although all of the remaining 26 yeast PH domains bind phosphoinositides very weakly or not at all, three were nonetheless efficiently membrane targeted. Our proteome-wide analysis argues that membrane targeting is important for only approximately 30% of yeast PH domains and is defined by binding to both phosphoinositides and other targets. These findings have significant implications for understanding the function of proteins that contain this common domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong W Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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