1
|
Protective Effects of Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue Formula against 5/6 Nephrectomy-Induced Chronic Renal Failure in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:589846. [PMID: 24864155 PMCID: PMC4020566 DOI: 10.1155/2014/589846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a serious disease related to increasing incidence and prevalence as well as decline in quality of life. Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue formula (BSHX), one of traditional herbal formulations, has been clinically employed to treat CRF for decades, but the mechanisms involved have not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BSHX on some closely related parameters in 5/6 nephrectomy CRF rats. Rats with CRF were divided into five groups, namely, one control group, one enalapril group, and three BSHX treatment groups (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg·d). The rats subjected to sham operation were used as a normal control. After eight weeks of treatment, BSHX significantly decreased the levels of Scr and BUN, downregulated the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, NF-κB, TNF-α, and OPN, upregulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ, and reduced in situ expression of fibronectin and laminins. Histological findings also showed significant amelioration of the damaged renal tissue. BSHX protects 5/6 nephrectomy rats against chronic renal failure probably via regulating the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, TGF-β1, CTGF, PPARγ, OPN, fibronectin, and laminins and is useful for therapy of CRF.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lai X, Bacallao RL, Blazer-Yost BL, Hong D, Mason SB, Witzmann FA. Characterization of the renal cyst fluid proteome in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:1140-1152. [PMID: 20411046 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by localized autonomous cellular proliferation, fluid accumulation within the cysts, and intraparenchymal fibrosis of the kidney. Little is known about the cyst fluid's protein composition. We hypothesized that the complex collection of cyst fluid proteins (cyst fluid proteome) plays a major role in cyst formation/maintenance and contains yet unknown diagnostic and mechanistic features that are common to all forms of PKD. We analyzed five kidney cyst fluids from four patients with ADPKD. Tryptic peptides from plasma-protein immunodepleted (ProteoPrep(R)) and undepleted cyst fluid samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Proteins were identified by SEQUEST and validated via the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline; 391 proteins were identified with >90% confidence; 251 of them in undepleted and 362 in immunodepleted samples. Immunodepletion removed >94% of the cyst fluid protein. A surprisingly large and functionally diverse number of proteins common to most cysts were identified. These proteins may be of mechanistic interest and include Ig gamma, kappa, and fragments; complement components; vitronectin; orosomucoid; prostaglandin D2 synthase; vitamin D-binding protein; clusterin; SERPIN family proteins; hemopexin; and fetuin-A. Additionally, these results suggest that further prefractionation and enhanced chromatographic separation of tryptic peptides is likely to expose an even greater number of relevant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Waanders E, Lameris ALL, Op den Camp HJM, Pluk W, Gloerich J, Strijk SP, Drenth JPH. Hepatocystin Is Not Secreted in Cyst Fluid of Hepatocystin Mutant Polycystic Liver Patients. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:2490-5. [DOI: 10.1021/pr8000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmé Waanders
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nijmegen Proteomics Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500
| | - Anke L. L. Lameris
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nijmegen Proteomics Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500
| | - Huub J. M. Op den Camp
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nijmegen Proteomics Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500
| | - Wendy Pluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nijmegen Proteomics Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nijmegen Proteomics Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500
| | - Simon P. Strijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nijmegen Proteomics Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500
| | - Joost P. H. Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nijmegen Proteomics Facility, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Joly D, Berissi S, Bertrand A, Strehl L, Patey N, Knebelmann B. Laminin 5 regulates polycystic kidney cell proliferation and cyst formation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:29181-9. [PMID: 16870608 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cyst formation is the hallmark of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). ADPKD cyst-lining cells have an increased proliferation rate and are surrounded by an abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM). We have previously shown that Laminin 5 (Ln-5, a alpha(3)beta(3)gamma(2) trimer) is aberrantly expressed in the pericystic ECM of ADPKD kidneys. We report that ADPKD cells in primary cultures produce and secrete Ln-5 that is incorporated to the pericystic ECM in an in vitro model of cystogenesis. In monolayers, purified Ln-5 induces ERK activation and proliferation of ADPKD cells, whereas upon epidermal growth factor stimulation blocking endogenously produced Ln-5 with anti-gamma(2) chain antibody reduces the sustained ERK activation and inhibits proliferation. In three-dimensional gel culture, addition of purified Ln-5 stimulates cell proliferation and cyst formation, whereas blocking endogenous Ln-5 strongly inhibits cyst formation. Ligation of alpha(6)beta(4) integrin, a major Ln-5 receptor aberrantly expressed by ADPKD cells, induces beta(4) integrin phosphorylation, ERK activation, cell proliferation, and cyst formation. These findings indicate that Ln-5 is an important regulator of ADPKD cell proliferation and cystogenesis and suggest that Ln-5 gamma(2) chain and Ln-5-alpha(6)beta(4) integrin interaction both contribute to these phenotypic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Joly
- Université Paris-Descartes, FacultédeMédecine, Inserm U813, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Service Néphrologie, 149 Rue de Sévres, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beta4 integrin and laminin 5 are aberrantly expressed in polycystic kidney disease: role in increased cell adhesion and migration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 163:1791-800. [PMID: 14578180 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix alterations have been suggested to be part of the early events occurring in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), a disease characterized by formation of renal cysts and progressive renal failure. Here we report that cDNA array analysis identified beta(4) integrin aberrant expression in ADPKD cells. Furthermore, laminin 5 (Ln-5), the main alpha(6)beta(4) integrin ligand, was also found to be abnormally expressed in ADPKD. Studies performed with ADPKD cyst-lining epithelial cells (CC) by comparison with normal tubular cells indicate that integrin alpha(6)beta(4)-Ln-5 interactions are involved in cellular events of potential importance for cystogenesis: 1) laminin 5 is a preferential adhesion substrate for CC, mainly through alpha(6)beta(4) interaction, 2) CC increased haptotactic and chemotactic motility depends on the presence of Ln-5 and requires integrin alpha(3)beta(1) cooperation, and 3) CC haptotactic or chemotactic migration is specifically increased by mAb-mediated beta(4) integrin ligation, through an alpha(3)beta(1) integrin-dependent and independent pathway, respectively. These results highlight the role of Ln-5 and alpha(6)beta(4) integrin in adhesive and motility properties of cyst-lining epithelial cells, and further suggest that integrins and extracellular matrix modifications may be of general relevance to kidney epithelial cell cyst formation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Malhas AN, Abuknesha RA, Price RG. Interaction of the leucine-rich repeats of polycystin-1 with extracellular matrix proteins: possible role in cell proliferation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:19-26. [PMID: 11752017 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-1, the product of the PKD1 gene, is a membrane-bound multidomain protein with a unique structure and a molecular weight of approximately 460 kD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the binding of the cystein-flanked leucine-rich repeats (LRR) of polycystin-1 to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. These interactions may play a role in normal renal development as well as the pathogenesis of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In vitro assays were used to assess the binding of a fusion protein containing the LRR of polycystin-1 and that of affinity purified polycystin-1 to a number of ECM components. The results showed that the LRR modulate the binding of polycystin-1 to collagen I, fibronectin, laminin, and cyst fluid-derived laminin fragments. The addition of the LRR fusion protein to cells in culture resulted in a significant dose-dependent reduction in the rate of proliferation. Cyst fluid-derived laminin fragments had a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation, which was reversed by the LRR fusion protein. These results suggest that the LRR of polycystin-1 act as mediators of the polycystin-1 interaction with the ECM. The observed suppression effect of the LRR on cell proliferation suggests a functional role of the LRR-mediated polycystin-1 involvement in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. These interactions may result in the enhanced cell proliferation that is a characteristic feature of ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N Malhas
- Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert G Price
- Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obermüller N, Morente N, Kränzlin B, Gretz N, Witzgall R. A possible role for metalloproteinases in renal cyst development. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2001; 280:F540-50. [PMID: 11181417 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.2001.280.3.f540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of cysts in polycystic kidneys bears several similarities to the invasion of the extracellular matrix by benign tumors. We therefore hypothesized that cyst-lining epithelial cells produce extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and that the inhibition of these enzymes may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Using in situ hybridization, we first analyzed the expression of membrane-type metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-14), an essential matrix metalloproteinase, of its inhibitor TIMP-2, and of the cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 in the (cy/+) rat model of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Upregulated MMP-14 mRNA was predominantly located in cyst-lining epithelia and distal tubules, whereas TIMP-2 mRNA was confined almost exclusively to fibroblasts. TGF-beta2, a cytokine known to regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, was also expressed by cyst wall epithelia. We then treated (cy/+) rats with the metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat for a period of 8 wk. The treatment with the metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat resulted in a significant reduction of cyst number and kidney weight. Our study suggests that metalloproteinase inhibitors represent a new therapeutic tool against polycystic kidney disease, which should be applicable independently of the background of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Obermüller
- Medical Research Center, Klinikum Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|