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Shchipunov Y. Biomimetic Sol-Gel Chemistry to Tailor Structure, Properties, and Functionality of Bionanocomposites by Biopolymers and Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:224. [PMID: 38204077 PMCID: PMC10779932 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biosilica, synthesized annually only by diatoms, is almost 1000 times more abundant than industrial silica. Biosilicification occurs at a high rate, although the concentration of silicic acid in natural waters is ~100 μM. It occurs in neutral aqueous solutions, at ambient temperature, and under the control of proteins that determine the formation of hierarchically organized structures. Using diatoms as an example, the fundamental differences between biosilicification and traditional sol-gel technology, which is performed with the addition of acid/alkali, organic solvents and heating, have been identified. The conditions are harsh for the biomaterial, as they cause protein denaturation and cell death. Numerous attempts are being made to bring sol-gel technology closer to biomineralization processes. Biomimetic synthesis must be conducted at physiological pH, room temperature, and without the addition of organic solvents. To date, significant progress has been made in approaching these requirements. The review presents a critical analysis of the approaches proposed to date for the silicification of biomacromolecules and cells, the formation of bionanocomposites with controlled structure, porosity, and functionality determined by the biomaterial. They demonstrated the broad capabilities and prospects of biomimetic methods for creating optical and photonic materials, adsorbents, catalysts and biocatalysts, sensors and biosensors, and biomaterials for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Shchipunov
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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Yuan Y, Shen J, Salmon S. Developing Enzyme Immobilization with Fibrous Membranes: Longevity and Characterization Considerations. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050532. [PMID: 37233593 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous membranes offer broad opportunities to deploy immobilized enzymes in new reactor and application designs, including multiphase continuous flow-through reactions. Enzyme immobilization is a technology strategy that simplifies the separation of otherwise soluble catalytic proteins from liquid reaction media and imparts stabilization and performance enhancement. Flexible immobilization matrices made from fibers have versatile physical attributes, such as high surface area, light weight, and controllable porosity, which give them membrane-like characteristics, while simultaneously providing good mechanical properties for creating functional filters, sensors, scaffolds, and other interface-active biocatalytic materials. This review examines immobilization strategies for enzymes on fibrous membrane-like polymeric supports involving all three fundamental mechanisms of post-immobilization, incorporation, and coating. Post-immobilization offers an infinite selection of matrix materials, but may encounter loading and durability issues, while incorporation offers longevity but has more limited material options and may present mass transfer obstacles. Coating techniques on fibrous materials at different geometric scales are a growing trend in making membranes that integrate biocatalytic functionality with versatile physical supports. Biocatalytic performance parameters and characterization techniques for immobilized enzymes are described, including several emerging techniques of special relevance for fibrous immobilized enzymes. Diverse application examples from the literature, focusing on fibrous matrices, are summarized, and biocatalyst longevity is emphasized as a critical performance parameter that needs increased attention to advance concepts from lab scale to broader utilization. This consolidation of fabrication, performance measurement, and characterization techniques, with guiding examples highlighted, is intended to inspire future innovations in enzyme immobilization with fibrous membranes and expand their uses in novel reactors and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jialong Shen
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sonja Salmon
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Single step immobilization of CMCase within agarose gel matrix: Kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111583. [PMID: 33548892 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, CMCase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB2 was immobilized within the matrix of agarose gel through entrapment technique. Maximum immobilization yield (%) of the enzyme was obtained when 2.0 % agarose was used. The activation energy (Ea) of the enzyme increased from 16.38 to 44.08 kJ mol-1 after immobilization. Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy of deactivation (ΔGd), enthalpy (ΔHd) and entropy (ΔSd) of deactivation, deactivation rate constant (Kd), half-life (t1/2), D-value and z-value were calculated for native/free and immobilized CMCase. The maximum reaction rate (Vmax) of the native enzyme was found to be 8319.47 U ml-1 min-1, which reduced to 7218.1 U ml-1 min-1after immobilization process. However, the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) value of the enzyme increased from 1.236 to 2.769 mg ml-1 min-1 after immobilization. Immobilized enzyme within agarose gel matrix support can be reuse up to eight reaction cycles. Broad stability profile and improved catalytic properties of the immobilized CMCase indicated that this enzyme can be a plausible candidate to be used in various industrial processes.
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Żywicka A, Junka A, Ciecholewska-Juśko D, Migdał P, Czajkowska J, Fijałkowski K. Significant enhancement of citric acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica immobilized in bacterial cellulose-based carrier. J Biotechnol 2020; 321:13-22. [PMID: 32598978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the yield of citric acid (CA), an industrially valuable metabolite, obtained during Yarrowia lipolytica yeast culturing. To this end, Y. lipolytica cells were immobilized on a novel bacterial cellulose (BC) based carrier and subjected to four subsequent cycles of fed-batch culturing. During the fermentation process, yeasts metabolic stability, glucose consumption and CA production were analyzed. The results of our study have shown that BC-immobilized yeasts utilized more glucose than free cells and that the metabolic activity of BC-immobilized cells and the resultant CA production remained on a stable level throughout 4 fermentation batches, while the drop in free cells' metabolic stability and the consequent drop in CA production was observed with each subsequent batch. Also, the overall concentration of CA product was higher in immobilized vs. free yeasts (121-129 g/L vs. 99-110 g/L, respectively). The presented results indicate that the application of a BC carrier for Y. lipolytica culturing correlates not only with a higher yield of CA product but also with more stable and repeatable conditions of the biotechnological fermentation process. The results obtained in this study may find multiple biotechnological applications in which immobilization of various types of cells is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Żywicka
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Adam Junka
- Wrocław Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Borowska 211A, 50-556Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Daria Ciecholewska-Juśko
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Migdał
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Czajkowska
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center For Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
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Sakkos JK, Wackett LP, Aksan A. Enhancement of biocatalyst activity and protection against stressors using a microbial exoskeleton. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3158. [PMID: 30816335 PMCID: PMC6395662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole cell biocatalysts can perform numerous industrially-relevant chemical reactions. While they are less expensive than purified enzymes, whole cells suffer from inherent reaction rate limitations due to transport resistance imposed by the cell membrane. Furthermore, it is desirable to immobilize the biocatalysts to enable ease of separation from the reaction mixture. In this study, we used a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly process to create a microbial exoskeleton which, simultaneously immobilized, protected, and enhanced the reactivity of a whole cell biocatalyst. As a proof of concept, we used Escherichia coli expressing homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (HPCD) as a model biocatalyst and coated it with up to ten alternating layers of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and silica. The microbial exoskeleton also protected the biocatalyst against a variety of external stressors including: desiccation, freeze/thaw, exposure to high temperatures, osmotic shock, as well as against enzymatic attack by lysozyme, and predation by protozoa. While we observed increased permeability of the outer membrane after exoskeleton deposition, this had a moderate effect on the reaction rate (up to two-fold enhancement). When the exoskeleton construction was followed by detergent treatment to permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane, up to 15-fold enhancement in the reaction rate was reached. With the exoskeleton, we increased in the reaction rate constants as much as 21-fold by running the biocatalyst at elevated temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 60 °C, a supraphysiologic temperature range not accessible by unprotected bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Sakkos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lawrence P Wackett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Szałata K, Gumi T. BioArtificial polymers. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNowadays, the polymer science has impact in practically all life areas. Countless benefits coming from the usage of materials with high mechanical and chemical resistance, variety of functionalities and potentiality of modification drive to the development of new application fields. Novel approaches of combining these synthetic substances with biomolecules lead to obtain multifunctional hybrid conjugates which merge the bioactivity of natural component with outstanding properties of artificial polymer. Over the decades, an immense progress in bioartificial composites domain allowed to reach a high level of knowledge in terms of natural-like systems engineering, leading to diverse strategies of biomolecule immobilization. Together with different available options, including covalent and noncovalent attachment, come various challenges, related mainly with maintaining the biological activity of fixed molecules. Even though the amount of applications that achieve commercial status is still not substantial, and is expanding continuously in the disciplines like “smart materials,” biosensors, delivery systems, nanoreactors and many others. A huge number of remarkable developments reported in the literature present a potential of bioartificial conjugates as a fabrics with highly controllable structure and multiple functionalities, serving as a powerful nanotechnological tool. This novel approach brings closer biologists, chemists and engineers, who sharing their effort and complementing the knowledge can revolutionize the field of bioartificial polymer science.
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Ahmed NB, Masse S, Laurent G, Piquemal JY, Yéprémian C, Brayner R, Coradin T. Optical microalgal biosensors for aqueous contaminants using organically doped silica as cellular hosts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1205-1216. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ahmed NB, Ronsin O, Mouton L, Sicard C, Yéprémian C, Baumberger T, Brayner R, Coradin T. The physics and chemistry of silica-in-silicates nanocomposite hydrogels and their phycocompatibility. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2931-2940. [PMID: 32263986 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Silicates-in-silica nanocomposite hydrogels obtained from sodium silicates/colloidal silica mixtures have previously been found to be useful for bacterial encapsulation. However the extension of synthesis conditions and the understanding of their impact on the silica matrix would widen the applicability of this process in terms of encapsulated organisms and the host properties. Here the influence of silicates and the colloidal silica concentration as well as pH conditions on the gel time, the optical properties, the structural and mechanical properties of silica matrices was studied. We show that gel formation is driven by silicate condensation but that the aggregation of silica colloids also has a major influence on the transparency and structure of the nanocomposites. Three different photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae and two microalgae Chorella vulgaris and Euglena gracilis, were used as probes of the phycocompatibility of the process. The three organisms were highly sensitive to the silicate concentration, which impacts both the gelation time and ionic strength conditions. The Ludox content was crucial for cyanobacteria as it strongly impacts the Young's modulus of the matrices. The detrimental effect of acidic pH on cell suspension was compensated by the silica network. Overall, it is now possible to select optimal encapsulation conditions based on the physiology of the targeted cells, opening wide perspectives for the design of biosensors and bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ben Ahmed
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Kaar JL. Lipase Activation and Stabilization in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2016; 1504:25-35. [PMID: 27770412 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6499-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Widespread interest in the use of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as solvents in anhydrous biocatalytic reactions has largely been met with underwhelming results. Enzymes are frequently inactivated in RTILs as a result of the influence of solvent on the enzyme's microenvironment, be it through interacting with the enzyme or enzyme-bound water molecules. The purpose of this chapter is to present a rational approach to mediate RTIL-enzyme interactions, which is essential if we are to realize the advantages of RTILs over conventional solvents for biocatalysis in full. The underlying premise for this approach is the stabilization of enzyme structure via multipoint covalent immobilization within a polyurethane foam matrix. Additionally, the approach entails the use of salt hydrates to control the level of hydration of the immobilized enzyme, which is critical to the activation of enzymes in nonaqueous media. Although lipase is used as a model enzyme, this approach may be effective in activating and stabilizing virtually any enzyme in RTILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Iurciuc (Tincu) CE, Alupei L, Savin A, Ibănescu C, Martin P, Popa M. Yeast cells immobilized in spherical gellan particles cross-linked with magnesium acetate. J Biotechnol 2016; 236:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Grover N, Plaks JG, Summers SR, Chado GR, Schurr MJ, Kaar JL. Acylase-containing polyurethane coatings with anti-biofilm activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2535-2543. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Grover
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Joseph G. Plaks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Samantha R. Summers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Garrett R. Chado
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado
| | - Joel L. Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
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de Vos P, Lazarjani HA, Poncelet D, Faas MM. Polymers in cell encapsulation from an enveloped cell perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 67-68:15-34. [PMID: 24270009 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, many polymers have been proposed for producing immunoprotective capsules. Examples include the natural polymers alginate, agarose, chitosan, cellulose, collagen, and xanthan and synthetic polymers poly(ethylene glycol), polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, poly(ether-sulfone), polypropylene, sodium polystyrene sulfate, and polyacrylate poly(acrylonitrile-sodium methallylsulfonate). The biocompatibility of these polymers is discussed in terms of tissue responses in both the host and matrix to accommodate the functional survival of the cells. Cells should grow and function in the polymer network as adequately as in their natural environment. This is critical when therapeutic cells from scarce cadaveric donors are considered, such as pancreatic islets. Additionally, the cell mass in capsules is discussed from the perspective of emerging new insights into the release of so-called danger-associated molecular pattern molecules by clumps of necrotic therapeutic cells. We conclude that despite two decades of intensive research, drawing conclusions about which polymer is most adequate for clinical application is still difficult. This is because of the lack of documentation on critical information, such as the composition of the polymer, the presence or absence of confounding factors that induce immune responses, toxicity to enveloped cells, and the permeability of the polymer network. Only alginate has been studied extensively and currently qualifies for application. This review also discusses critical issues that are not directly related to polymers and are not discussed in the other reviews in this issue, such as the functional performance of encapsulated cells in vivo. Physiological endocrine responses may indeed not be expected because of the many barriers that the metabolites encounter when traveling from the blood stream to the enveloped cells and back to circulation. However, despite these diffusion barriers, many studies have shown optimal regulation, allowing us to conclude that encapsulated grafts do not always follow nature's course but are still a possible solution for many endocrine disorders for which the minute-to-minute regulation of metabolites is mandatory.
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Mariani AM, Natoli ME, Kofinas P. Enzymatic activity preservation and protection through entrapment within degradable hydrogels. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2994-3002. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Mariani
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742
| | - Mary E. Natoli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742
| | - Peter Kofinas
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742
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Gopalan AI, Komathi S, Sai Anand G, Lee KP. Nanodiamond based sponges with entrapped enzyme: A novel electrochemical probe for hydrogen peroxide. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 46:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Makyła K, Müller C, Lörcher S, Winkler T, Nussbaumer MG, Eder M, Bruns N. Fluorescent protein senses and reports mechanical damage in glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2701-2706. [PMID: 23423911 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201205226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is used as a mechanoresponsive layer at the fiber/resin interface in glass-fiber-reinforced composites. The protein loses its fluorescence when subjected to mechanical stress. Within the material, it reports interfacial shear debonding and barely visible impact damage by a transition from a fluorescent to a non-fluorescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Makyła
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Wu Z, Wang Z, Guan B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Zhi B, Liu Y, Li Z, Huo Q. Improving the properties of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae via encapsulation in aggregated silica nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Busch AP, Neebe M, Hampp N. PEGylation of Membrane Proteins Like Bacteriorhodopsin as a Tool to Increase Their Stability toward Ethanol. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14613-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3075145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annegret P. Busch
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str.
Building H, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Neebe
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str.
Building H, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str.
Building H, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- Material Science Center, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Tiwari I, Singh KP. Composite materials based on ormosil for the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363212010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Garcia-Galan C, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Live diatom silica immobilization of multimeric and redox-active enzymes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 78:211-8. [PMID: 22057862 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06698-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are adept in forming inorganic materials (biominerals) with unique structures and properties that exceed the capabilities of engineered materials. Biomimetic materials syntheses are being developed that aim at replicating the advantageous properties of biominerals in vitro and endow them with additional functionalities. Recently, proof-of-concept was provided for an alternative approach that allows for the production of biomineral-based functional materials in vivo. In this approach, the cellular machinery for the biosynthesis of nano-/micropatterned SiO₂ (silica) structures in diatoms was genetically engineered to incorporate a monomeric, cofactor-independent ("simple") enzyme, HabB, into diatom silica. In the present work, it is demonstrated that this approach is also applicable for enzymes with "complex" activity requirements, including oligomerization, metal ions, organic redox cofactors, and posttranslational modifications. Functional expression of the enzymes β-glucuronidase, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was accomplished, and 66 to 78% of the expressed enzymes were stably incorporated into the biosilica. The in vivo incorporated enzymes represent approximately 0.1% (wt/wt) of the diatom biosilica and are stabilized against denaturation and proteolytic degradation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the gene construct for in vivo immobilization of glucose oxidase can be utilized as the first negative selection marker for diatom genetic engineering.
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Xu X, Wang B, Tang R. Hybrid materials that integrate living cells: improved eco-adaptation and environmental applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:1439-1446. [PMID: 22102993 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xurong Xu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China.
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Meunier CF, Yang XY, Rooke JC, Su BL. Biofuel cells Based on the Immobilization of Photosynthetically Active Bioentities. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Widespread interest in the use of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as solvents in anhydrous biocatalytic reactions has largely been met with underwhelming results. Enzymes are frequently inactivated in RTILs as a result of the influence of solvent on the enzyme's microenvironment, be it through interacting with the enzyme or enzyme-bound water molecules. The purpose of this chapter is to present a rational approach to mediate RTIL-enzyme interactions, which is essential if we are to realize the advantages of RTILs over conventional solvents for biocatalysis in full. The underlying premise for this approach is the stabilization of enzyme structure via multipoint covalent immobilization within a polyurethane foam matrix. Additionally, the approach entails the use of salt hydrates to control the level of hydration of the immobilized enzyme, which is critical to the activation of enzymes in nonaqueous media. Although lipase is used as a model enzyme, this approach may be effective in activating and stabilizing virtually any enzyme in RTILs.
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In situ detection of aromatic compounds with biosensor Pseudomonas putida cells preserved and delivered to soil in water-soluble gelatin capsules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:1093-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mandrich L, Merone L, Manco G. Hyperthermophilic phosphotriesterases/lactonases for the environment and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:1115-1127. [PMID: 20718294 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003789529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades the idea to use enzymes for environmental bioremediation has been more and more proposed and, in the light of this, new solutions have been suggested and detailed studies on some classes of enzymes have been performed. In particular, our attention in the last few years has been focused on the enzymes belonging to the amidohydrolase superfamily. Several members of this superfamily are endowed with promiscuous activities. The term 'catalytic promiscuity' describes the capability of an enzyme to catalyse different chemical reactions, called secondary activities, at the active site responsible for the main activity. Recently, a new family of microbial lactonases with promiscuous phosphotriesterase activity, dubbed PTE-Like Lactonase (PLL), has been ascribed to the amidohydrolase superfamily. Among members of this family are enzymes found in the archaea Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, which show high thermophilicity and thermal resistance. Enzymes showing phosphotriesterase activity are attractive from a biotechnological point of view because they are capable of hydrolysing the organophosphate phosphotriesters (OPs), a class of synthetic compounds employed worldwide both as insecticides and chemical warfare agents. Furthermore, from a basic point of view, studies of catalytic promiscuity offer clues to understand natural evolution of enzymes and to translate this into in vitro adaptation of enzymes to specific human needs. Thermostable enzymes able to hydrolyse OPs are considered good candidates for the set-up of efficient detoxification tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mandrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Bruns N, Pustelny K, Bergeron L, Whitehead T, Clark D. Mechanical Nanosensor Based on FRET within a Thermosome: Damage-Reporting Polymeric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5666-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bruns N, Pustelny K, Bergeron L, Whitehead T, Clark D. Mechanical Nanosensor Based on FRET within a Thermosome: Damage-Reporting Polymeric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Arora J, Nandwani S, Bhambi M, Pundir CS. Fabrication of dissolved O2 metric uric acid biosensor using uricase epoxy resin biocomposite membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 647:195-201. [PMID: 19591705 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Uricase purified from 20-day-old leaves of cowpea was immobilized on to epoxy resin membrane with 80% retention of initial activity of free enzyme and a conjugation yield of 0.056 mg/cm(2). The uricase epoxy resin bioconjugate membrane was mounted over the sensing part of the combined electrode of 'Aqualytic' dissolved O(2) (DO) meter to construct a uric acid biosensor. The biosensor measures the depletion of dissolved O(2) during the oxidation of uric acid by immobilized uricase, which is directly proportional to uric acid concentration. The biosensor showed optimum response within 10-12s at a pH 8.5 and 35 degrees C. A linear relationship was found between uric acid concentration from 0.025 to 0.1 mM and O(2) (mg/l) consumed. The biosensor was employed for measurement of uric acid in serum. The mean value of uric acid in serum was 4.92 mg/dl in apparently healthy males and 3.11 mg/dl in apparently healthy females. The mean analytic recoveries of added uric acid in reaction mixture (8.9 and 9.8 mg/dl) were 93.6 +/- 2.34 and 87.18 +/- 3.17% respectively. The within and between batch CVs were < 6.5 and < 5.0%, respectively. The serum uric acid values obtained by present method and standard enzymic colorimetric method, showed a good correlation (r - 0.996) and regression equation being y - 0.984x + 0.0674. Among the various metabolites tested only, glucose (11%), urea (38%), NaCl (25%) and cholesterol (13%) and ascorbic acid (56%) caused decrease, while, MgSO(4) and CaCl(2) had no effect on immobilized enzyme. The enzyme electrode showed only 32% decrease during its use for 100 times over a period of 60 days at 4 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Arora
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Genetics Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
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Marner WD, Shaikh AS, Muller SJ, Keasling JD. Enzyme immobilization via silaffin-mediated autoencapsulation in a biosilica support. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:417-23. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Bioactive enzyme–metal composites: The entrapment of acid phosphatase within gold and silver. Biomaterials 2009; 30:1263-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Nakashima K, Kamiya N, Koda D, Maruyama T, Goto M. Enzyme encapsulation in microparticles composed of polymerized ionic liquids for highly active and reusable biocatalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2353-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b823064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Winther-Jensen O, Vijayaraghavan R, Sun J, Winther-Jensen B, MacFarlane DR. Self polymerising ionic liquid gel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3041-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b822905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Eby DM, Farrington KE, Johnson GR. Synthesis of bioinorganic antimicrobial peptide nanoparticles with potential therapeutic properties. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2487-94. [PMID: 18661941 DOI: 10.1021/bm800512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilicity and cationicity are properties shared between antimicrobial peptides and proteins that catalyze biomineralization reactions. Merging these two functionalities, we demonstrate a reaction where a cationic antimicrobial peptide catalyzes self-biomineralization within inorganic matrices. The resultant antimicrobial peptide nanoparticles retain biocidal activity, protect the peptide from proteolytic degradation, and facilitate a continuous release of the antibiotic over time. Taken together, these properties demonstrate the therapeutic potential of self-synthesizing biomaterials that retain the biocidal properties of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthew Eby
- Universal Technology Corporation, Applied Research Associates, Inc., Florida, USA.
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36
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Highly efficient one pot dynamic kinetic resolution of benzoins with entrapped Pseudomonas stutzeri lipase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Schönafinger A, Müller S, Noll F, Hampp N. Bioinspired nanoencapsulation of purple membranes. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:1249-1254. [PMID: 32907269 DOI: 10.1039/b718150g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Embedding biological compounds, e.g. enzymes or whole cells, in solid host material seems to be a promising approach to widen their field of application far beyond the limits of natural conditions. In fields such as medicine and biotechnology, there is great interest in new methods to produce these types of composite materials in the form of micro- or nanosized particles. Such methods should be applicable to large amounts of substance. Inspired by one of nature's remarkable features-its ability to combine (bio)organic and inorganic components at the nanoscale-we developed a generic silica encapsulation method for biomolecules based on the concepts of polyelectrolyte layer adsorption followed by templated silica mineralization similar to biomineralization in diatoms. Application of this method to the model substance purple membrane (PM) resulted in a defined hybrid material with a nanoscale protective encapsulating silica shell providing a high barrier for the diffusion of low molecular weight molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schönafinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Sonja Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Noll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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38
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Callone E, Campostrini R, Carturan G, Cavazza A, Guzzon R. Immobilization of yeast and bacteria cells in alginate microbeads coated with silica membranes: procedures, physico-chemical features and bioactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b807301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Patil AJ, Mann S. Self-assembly of bio–inorganic nanohybrids using organoclay building blocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b805653f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Deriu D, Pagnotta SE, Santucci R, Rosato N. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of cytochrome c encapsulated in a bio sol–gel matrix. Biometals 2007; 21:417-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Pauliukaite R, Schoenleber M, Vadgama P, Brett CMA. Development of electrochemical biosensors based on sol-gel enzyme encapsulation and protective polymer membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:1121-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Liu Y, Qu H, Xue Y, Wu Z, Yang P, Liu B. Enhancement of proteolysis through the silica-gel-derived microfluidic reactor. Proteomics 2007; 7:1373-8. [PMID: 17407177 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An on-chip enzymatic reactor providing rapid protein digestion is presented. Trypsin-embedding stationary phase within the microchannel has been prepared by the sol-gel method. Such a microfluidic reactor has been used for low-level protein digestion at 16 fmol per analysis. The analytical potential of the microreactor combined with the strong cation exchange and RPLC ESI-MS/MS for the identification of real samples from the cytoplasma of the human liver tissue has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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43
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Zhou J, Lu X, Hu J, Li J. Reversible Immobilization and Direct Electron Transfer of Cytochrome c on a pH-Sensitive Polymer Interface. Chemistry 2007; 13:2847-53. [PMID: 17183600 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A pH-sensitive polymer interface has been used as a matrix for reversible immobilization of cytochrome c (Cyt c) on an Au surface through a dip-coating process. The pH-sensitive behavior of the polymer brush interface has been demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The reversible immobilization and electron-transfer properties of Cyt c have been investigated by in situ UV/Vis spectrophotometry and CV. The results have shown that the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush acted as an excellent adsorption matrix and a good accelerant for the direct electron transfer of Cyt c, which gave redox peaks with a formal potential of 40 mV versus Ag/AgCl in pH 7.6 phosphate buffer solution. The average surface coverage of Cyt c on the PAA film was about 1.7 x 10(-10) mol cm(-2), indicating a multilayer of Cyt c. The electron-transfer rate constant was calculated to be around 0.19 s(-1) according to the CV experiments. The interface was subjected to in situ attenuated total internal reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic analysis, in order to further confirm the immobilization of Cyt c on the surface. This polymer-protein system may have potential applications in the design of biosensors, protein separation, interfacial engineering, biomimetics, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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44
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Uversky VN, Kabanov AV, Lyubchenko YL. Nanotools for megaproblems: probing protein misfolding diseases using nanomedicine modus operandi. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:2505-22. [PMID: 17022621 PMCID: PMC1880889 DOI: 10.1021/pr0603349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding and self-assembly of proteins in nanoaggregates of different sizes and morphologies (nanoensembles, primary nanofilaments, nanorings, filaments, protofibrils, fibrils, etc.) is a common theme unifying a number of human pathologies termed protein misfolding diseases. Recent studies highlight increasing recognition of the public health importance of protein misfolding diseases, including various neurodegenerative disorders and amyloidoses. It is understood now that the first essential elements in the vast majority of neurodegenerative processes are misfolded and aggregated proteins. Altogether, the accumulation of abnormal protein nanoensembles exerts toxicity by disrupting intracellular transport, overwhelming protein degradation pathways, and/or disturbing vital cell functions. In addition, the formation of inclusion bodies is known to represent a major problem in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Formulation of these therapeutic proteins into delivery systems and their in vivo delivery are often complicated by protein association. Thus, protein folding abnormalities and subsequent events underlie a multitude of human pathologies and difficulties with protein therapeutic applications. The field of medicine therefore can be greatly advanced by establishing a fundamental understanding of key factors leading to misfolding and self-assembly responsible for various protein folding pathologies. This article overviews protein misfolding diseases and outlines some novel and advanced nanotechnologies, including nanoimaging techniques, nanotoolboxes and nanocontainers, complemented by appropriate ensemble techniques, all focused on the ultimate goal to establish etiology and to diagnose, prevent, and cure these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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45
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Turner NW, Jeans CW, Brain KR, Allender CJ, Hlady V, Britt DW. From 3D to 2D: a review of the molecular imprinting of proteins. Biotechnol Prog 2006; 22:1474-89. [PMID: 17137293 PMCID: PMC2666979 DOI: 10.1021/bp060122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a generic technology that allows for the introduction of sites of specific molecular affinity into otherwise homogeneous polymeric matrices. Commonly this technique has been shown to be effective when targeting small molecules of molecular weight <1500, while extending the technique to larger molecules such as proteins has proven difficult. A number of key inherent problems in protein imprinting have been identified, including permanent entrapment, poor mass transfer, denaturation, and heterogeneity in binding pocket affinity, which have been addressed using a variety of approaches. This review focuses on protein imprinting in its various forms, ranging from conventional bulk techniques to novel thin film and monolayer surface imprinting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Turner
- Cranfield Health, Cranfield University at Silsoe, Silsoe MK45 4DT, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Christopher W. Jeans
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF1 3XF, UK
| | - Keith R. Brain
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF1 3XF, UK
| | - Christopher J. Allender
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF1 3XF, UK
| | - Vladimir Hlady
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - David W. Britt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322
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46
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Lee CW, Yi SS, Kim J, Lee YS, Kim BG. Improved immobilized enzyme systems using spherical micro silica sol-gel enzyme beads. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03026240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Soares CM, dos Santos OA, de Castro HF, de Moraes FF, Zanin GM. Characterization of sol–gel encapsulated lipase using tetraethoxysilane as precursor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Turner NW, Jeans CW, Brain KR, Allender CJ, Hlady V, Britt DW. From 3D to 2D: A Review of the Molecular Imprinting of Proteins. Biotechnol Prog 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/bp060122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Buthe A, Kapitain A, Hartmeier W, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Generation of lipase-containing static emulsions in silicone spheres for synthesis in organic media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Ragheb AM, Brook MA, Hrynyk M. Highly active, lipase silicone elastomers. Biomaterials 2005; 26:1653-64. [PMID: 15576139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipase Candida rugosa was entrapped in silicone rubber via condensation-cure room temperature vulcanization of silanol-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a crosslinker, to give a highly active silicone-enzyme elastomer. The effect on enzyme activity of addition of water and hydrophilic polymeric moieties based on poly(ethylene oxide) 2 was examined, as were crosslinker concentration, enzyme concentration, and elastomer thickness. It was demonstrated that lipase is most active in silicone elastomers and more active in silicone oils than simple hydrocarbons. Crosslink density in these elastomers was not an important factor in the reactivity of the rubber. However, the addition of hydrophilic species prior to elastomer formation decreased the efficiency both of the dispersion of the enzyme and the resulting activity of the elastomer. This effect could be moderated by prior exposure of the lipase to silicone oil. Thus, hydrophobic silicones play a protective/activating role for lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8S 4M1
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