1
|
Majumdar S, Desai R, Hans A, Dandekar P, Jain R. From Efficiency to Yield: Exploring Recent Advances in CHO Cell Line Development for Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01060-6. [PMID: 38363529 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has prompted the development of stable high-producing cell lines while simultaneously decreasing the time required for screening. Existing platforms have proven inefficient, resulting in inconsistencies in yields, growth characteristics, and quality features in the final mAb products. Selecting a suitable expression host, designing an effective gene expression system, developing a streamlined cell line generation approach, optimizing culture conditions, and defining scaling-up and purification strategies are all critical steps in the production of recombinant proteins, particularly monoclonal antibodies, in mammalian cells. As a result, an active area of study is dedicated to expression and optimizing recombinant protein production. This review explores recent breakthroughs and approaches targeted at accelerating cell line development to attain efficiency and consistency in the synthesis of therapeutic proteins, specifically monoclonal antibodies. The primary goal is to bridge the gap between rising demand and consistent, high-quality mAb production, thereby benefiting the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishta Majumdar
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ranjeet Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Aakarsh Hans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Donaldson J, Kleinjan DJ, Rosser S. Synthetic biology approaches for dynamic CHO cell engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102806. [PMID: 36194920 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fed-batch culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells remains the most commonly used method for producing biopharmaceuticals. Static CHO cell-line engineering approaches have incrementally improved productivity, growth and product quality through permanent knockout of genes with a negative impact on production, or constitutive overexpression of genes with a positive impact. However, during fed-batch culture, conditions (such as nutrient availability) are continually changing. Therefore, traits that are most beneficial during early-phase culture (such as high growth rate) may be less desirable in late phase. Unlike with static approaches, dynamic cell line engineering strategies can optimise such traits by implementing synthetic sense-and-respond programmes. Here, we review emerging synthetic biology tools that can be used to build dynamic, self-regulating CHO cells, capable of detecting intra-/extracellular cues and generating user-defined responses tailored to the stage-specific needs of the production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Donaldson
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology at the Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dirk-Jan Kleinjan
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology at the Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan Rosser
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology at the Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Savizi ISP, Maghsoudi N, Motamedian E, Lewis NE, Shojaosadati SA. Valine feeding reduces ammonia production through rearrangement of metabolic fluxes in central carbon metabolism of CHO cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1113-1126. [PMID: 35044498 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is a toxic byproduct of CHO cell metabolism, which inhibits cell growth, reduces cell viability, alters glycosylation, and decreases recombinant protein productivity. In an attempt to minimize the ammonium accumulation in cell culture media, different amino acids were added individually to the culture medium before the production phase to alleviate the negative effects of ammonium on cell culture performance. Among all the amino acids examined in this study, valine showed the most positive impact on CHO cell culture performance. When the cultured CHO cells were fed with 5 mM valine, EPO titer was increased by 25% compared to the control medium, and ammonium and lactate production were decreased by 23 and 26%, respectively, relative to the control culture. Moreover, the sialic acid content of the EPO protein in valine-fed culture was higher than in the control culture, most likely because of the lower ammonium concentration. Flux balance analysis (FBA) results demonstrated that the citric acid cycle was enriched by valine feeding. The measurement of TCA cycle activity supported this finding. The analysis revealed that there might be a link between promoting tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism in valine-fed culture and reduction in lactate and ammonia accumulation. Furthermore, in valine-fed culture, FBA outcomes showed that alanine was excreted into the medium as the primary mechanism for reducing ammonium concentration. It was predicted that the elevated TCA cycle metabolism was concurrent with an increment in recombinant protein production. Taken together, our data demonstrate that valine addition could be an effective strategy for mitigating the negative impacts of ammonium and enhancing glycoprotein production in both quality and quantity. KEY POINTS: • Valine feeding can mitigate the negative impacts of ammonia on CHO cell growth. • Valine addition assists the ammonia removal mechanism by enriching the TCA cycle. • Ammonia is removed from the media through alanine excretion in valine-fed culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Shahidi Pour Savizi
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Motamedian
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.,School of Medicine, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synoground BF, McGraw CE, Elliott KS, Leuze C, Roth JR, Harcum SW, Sandoval NR. Transient ammonia stress on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells yield alterations to alanine metabolism and IgG glycosylation profiles. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100098. [PMID: 34014036 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ammonia concentrations typically increase during mammalian cell cultures, mainly due to glutamine and other amino acid consumption. An early ammonia stress indicator is a metabolic shift with respect to alanine. To determine the underlying mechanisms of this metabolic shift, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line with two distinct ages (standard and young) was cultured in parallel fed-batch bioreactors with 0 mM or 10 mM ammonia added at 12 h. Reduced viable cell densities were observed for the stressed cells, while viability was not significantly affected. The stressed cultures had higher alanine, lactate, and glutamate accumulation. Interestingly, the ammonia concentrations were similar by Day 8.5 for all cultures. We hypothesized the ammonia was converted to alanine as a coping mechanism. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed for metabolite profiles due to cell age. Glycosylation analysis showed the ammonia stress reduced galactosylation, sialylation, and fucosylation. Transcriptome analysis of the standard-aged cultures indicated the ammonia stress had a limited impact on the transcriptome, where few of the significant changes were directly related metabolite or glycosylation reactions. These results indicate that mechanisms used to alleviate ammonia stress are most likely controlled post-transcriptionally, and this is where future research should focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire E McGraw
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kathryn S Elliott
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Leuze
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jada R Roth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sarah W Harcum
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas R Sandoval
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schweickert PG, Cheng Z. Application of Genetic Engineering in Biotherapeutics Development. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
6
|
Dangi AK, Sinha R, Dwivedi S, Gupta SK, Shukla P. Cell Line Techniques and Gene Editing Tools for Antibody Production: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:630. [PMID: 29946262 PMCID: PMC6006397 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present day modern formulation practices for drugs are based on newer tools and techniques toward effective utilization. The methods of antibody formulations are to be revolutionized based on techniques of cell engineering and gene editing. In the present review, we have discussed innovations in cell engineering toward production of novel antibodies for therapeutic applications. Moreover, this review deciphers the use of RNAi, ribozyme engineering, CRISPR-Cas-based techniques for better strategies for antibody production. Overall, this review describes the multidisciplinary aspects of the production of therapeutic proteins that has gained more attention due to its increasing demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Dangi
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - Shailja Dwivedi
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Limited, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramakrishnan A, Vijayakumar N. Urea cycle pathway targeted therapeutic action of naringin against ammonium chloride induced hyperammonemic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:1028-1037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
8
|
Richelle A, Lewis NE. Improvements in protein production in mammalian cells from targeted metabolic engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:1-6. [PMID: 29104947 DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprocess optimization has yielded powerful clones for biotherapeutic production. However, new genomic technologies allow more targeted approaches to cell line development. Here we review efforts to enhance protein production in mammalian cells through metabolic engineering. Most efforts aimed to reduce toxic byproducts accumulation to enhance protein productivity. However, recent work highlights the possibility of regulating other desirable traits (e.g., apoptosis and glycosylation) by targeting central metabolism since these processes are interconnected. Therefore, as we further detail the pathways underlying cell growth and protein production and deploy diverse algorithms for their analysis, opportunities will arise to move beyond simple cell line designs and facilitate cell engineering strategies with complex combinations of genes that together underlie a phenotype of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Richelle
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The art of CHO cell engineering: A comprehensive retrospect and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1878-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Reducing Recon 2 for steady-state flux analysis of HEK cell culture. J Biotechnol 2014; 184:172-8. [PMID: 24907410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A representative stoichiometric model is essential to perform metabolic flux analysis (MFA) using experimentally measured consumption (or production) rates as constraints. For Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cell culture, there is the opportunity to use an extremely well-curated and annotated human genome-scale model Recon 2 for MFA. Performing MFA using Recon 2 without any modification would have implied that cells have access to all functionality encoded by the genome, which is not realistic. The majority of intracellular fluxes are poorly determined as only extracellular exchange rates are measured. This is compounded by the fact that there is no suitable metabolic objective function to suppress non-specific fluxes. We devised a heuristic to systematically reduce Recon 2 to emphasize flux through core metabolic reactions. This implies that cells would engage these dominant metabolic pathways to grow, and any significant changes in gross metabolic phenotypes would have invoked changes in these pathways. The reduced metabolic model becomes a functionalized version of Recon 2 used for identifying significant metabolic changes in cells by flux analysis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Effect of glutamine substitution by TCA cycle intermediates on the production and sialylation of Fc-fusion protein in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture. J Biotechnol 2014; 180:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Jadhav V, Hackl M, Druz A, Shridhar S, Chung CY, Heffner KM, Kreil DP, Betenbaugh M, Shiloach J, Barron N, Grillari J, Borth N. CHO microRNA engineering is growing up: recent successes and future challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1501-13. [PMID: 23916872 PMCID: PMC3854872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs with their ability to regulate complex pathways that control cellular behavior and phenotype have been proposed as potential targets for cell engineering in the context of optimization of biopharmaceutical production cell lines, specifically of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. However, until recently, research was limited by a lack of genomic sequence information on this industrially important cell line. With the publication of the genomic sequence and other relevant data sets for CHO cells since 2011, the doors have been opened for an improved understanding of CHO cell physiology and for the development of the necessary tools for novel engineering strategies. In the present review we discuss both knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs obtained from other biological models and proof of concepts already performed on CHO cells, thus providing an outlook of potential applications of microRNA engineering in production cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Young JD. Metabolic flux rewiring in mammalian cell cultures. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:1108-15. [PMID: 23726154 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Continuous cell lines (CCLs) engage in 'wasteful' glucose and glutamine metabolism that leads to accumulation of inhibitory byproducts, primarily lactate and ammonium. Advances in techniques for mapping intracellular carbon fluxes and profiling global changes in enzyme expression have led to a deeper understanding of the molecular drivers underlying these metabolic alterations. However, recent studies have revealed that CCLs are not necessarily entrenched in a glycolytic or glutaminolytic phenotype, but instead can shift their metabolism toward increased oxidative metabolism as nutrients become depleted and/or growth rate slows. Progress to understand dynamic flux regulation in CCLs has enabled the development of novel strategies to force cultures into desirable metabolic phenotypes, by combining fed-batch feeding strategies with direct metabolic engineering of host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, PMB 351604, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, PMB 351604, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim DY, Chaudhry MA, Kennard ML, Jardon MA, Braasch K, Dionne B, Butler M, Piret JM. Fed-batch CHO cell t-PA production and feed glutamine replacement to reduce ammonia production. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 29:165-75. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
15
|
Metabolic flux rearrangement in the amino acid metabolism reduces ammonia stress in the α1-antitrypsin producing human AGE1.HN cell line. Metab Eng 2012; 14:128-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
CHO cells in biotechnology for production of recombinant proteins: current state and further potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:917-30. [PMID: 22159888 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
17
|
Hong JK, Cho SM, Yoon SK. Substitution of glutamine by glutamate enhances production and galactosylation of recombinant IgG in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:869-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
The effect of cell concentration on alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase activity in attachment culture of a human erythropoietin-producing Chinese hamster ovary cell line. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
19
|
Mohan C, Kim YG, Koo J, Lee GM. Assessment of cell engineering strategies for improved therapeutic protein production in CHO cells. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:624-30. [PMID: 18293320 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics have proven to be invaluable pharmaceuticals for the treatment of various diseases. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used in industry for the production of these proteins. Several strategies for engineering CHO cells for improved protein production have been tried with considerable results. The focus has mainly been to increase the specific productivity and to extend the culture longevity by preventing programmed cell death. These CHO cell engineering strategies, particularly those developed in Korea, are reviewed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Mohan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jain E, Kumar A. Upstream processes in antibody production: Evaluation of critical parameters. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:46-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Matasci M, Hacker DL, Baldi L, Wurm FM. Recombinant therapeutic protein production in cultivated mammalian cells: current status and future prospects. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2008; 5:e37-e42. [PMID: 24981089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant therapeutic proteins produced in mammalian cells represent a major class of biopharmaceuticals. In recent years, their demand has increased dramatically and is now driving the development of a variety of improvements to maximize their expression in mammalian cells. Advances in media- and process optimization have already resulted in more than 100-fold improvement in yield, but further insights and subsequent targeted modifications with respect to the general biology of cells (genomics, physiology, selection and adaptation) in bioreactors are hoped to further improve protein yields and quality in the near future.:
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Matasci
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David L Hacker
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Baldi
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian M Wurm
- Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Verardo G, Geatti P, Strazzolini P. Rapid and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis ofN‐Carbamoyl‐L‐amino Acids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701317068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Verardo
- a Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Udine , Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Geatti
- a Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Udine , Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Strazzolini
- a Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Udine , Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim HJ, Kim HJ. Glycosylation variant analysis of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator produced in urea-cycle-enzyme-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:447-51. [PMID: 17189173 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was produced in ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) cells by introducing the tPA gene into OTC cells. OTC cells were originally derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and express the first two enzymes of the urea cycle, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) and OTC. To investigate glycosylation variants, tPA variants produced in serum-supplemented culture medium of OTC-tPA cells were separated by lysine-Sepharose 4B chromatography. Unlike in previous studies that used lysine-Sepharose chromatography, two peaks were identified to correspond to eluted glycosylation variants type I and II and type II and the percentages of the type I and type II variants were found to be 23% and 77%, respectively. The biological activities of the type I and II and type II variants were twofold that of the Third International tPA Standard (98/714) produced in the CHO cell line, and the activity of type II variant was 12.6% higher than that of the type I and II variants. These results demonstrate that tPA produced in urea-cycle-enzyme-producing OTC cells have a very high biological activity and the percentage of type II variant which is very valuable for the biopharmaceutical industry is higher than that of any report using CHO cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Almada L, Bellarosa C, Giraudi P, Mamprín M, Mediavilla M, Guibert E, Tiribelli C, Rodríguez J. Gene expression and activity of urea cycle enzymes of rat hepatocytes cold stored up to 120h in University of Wisconsin solution. Cryobiology 2006; 52:393-400. [PMID: 16546154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urea cycle (UC) is the main pathway of ammonium removal. A deficiency in any of the five classical enzymes of the pathway causes a urea cycle disorder. Hepatocellular transplantation is one of the techniques applicable to treat this disorder. In the present work, we investigated the activities and the relative expression levels of two of the UC enzymes: Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), in isolated hepatocytes preserved up to 120 h in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 0 degrees C, and during the rewarming of these suspensions. During preservation, CPSI showed differences in mRNA levels respect to time 0, while ornithine transcarbamylase remained unchanged. At the end of the rewarming, CPSI showed values of enzymatic activity and relative mRNA level comparable with the control, meanwhile, there was an increment in OTC activity. In line with these results, we found that hepatocytes cold preserved up to 120h in UW solution maintained their ability to remove an ammonium load comparable to freshly isolated hepatocytes. These data indicated that our preservation conditions up to 120h in UW solution followed by rewarming, preserves UC enzymes at levels similar to freshly isolated hepatocytes, allowing the use of these cells in bioartificial liver devices or hepatocellular transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Almada
- Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dinnis DM, James DC. Engineering mammalian cell factories for improved recombinant monoclonal antibody production: lessons from nature? Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 91:180-9. [PMID: 15880827 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review we consider how cell specific recombinant monoclonal antibody (Mab) production by engineered mammalian cells can be improved. Whilst it is generally recognized that Mab production is limited post-transcriptionally at folding and assembly reactions, genetic engineering strategies based on overexpression of individual chaperones or foldases in mammalian cells have not reliably increased cell specific Mab production. Given that recent studies have established that chaperones and foldases themselves exist in a large multiprotein complex, which may coordinate the sequential processing of Mabs, we propose that global expansion of all components of the secretory pathway will likely be necessary to generically improve recombinant Mab production by mammalian cells. In this context, what can be learnt from nature? Important recent studies have delineated some of the main cellular pathways involved in the differentiation of B-cells into nature's own high level Mab producers, plasma cells. This is achieved by a dramatic re-programming of cellular function where the coordinated expansion of metabolic and secretory machinery precedes Ig production, then is maintained by induction of a key intracellular signaling pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here we review genetic engineering strategies to increase cell specific production rate and discuss whether manipulation of intracellular signaling systems such as the UPR will provide a novel means to engineer mammalian cells for high level recombinant Mab production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Dinnis
- School of Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Irani N, Beccaria AJ, Wagner R. Expression of recombinant cytoplasmic yeast pyruvate carboxylase for the improvement of the production of human erythropoietin by recombinant BHK-21 cells. J Biotechnol 2002; 93:269-82. [PMID: 11755990 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a recombinant yeast pyruvate carboxylase expressed in the cytoplasm of BHK-21 cells was shown to reconstitute the missing link between glycolysis and TCA, thus increasing the flux of glucose into the TCA and resulting in a higher intracellular ATP content. Now, these metabolically engineered cells have been additionally transfected with a plasmid bearing the gene for human erythropoietin. EPO yield and substrate-specific productivity of the recombinant BHK-21 cells have been compared to control cells without the PYC2-gene but transfected with the plasmid coding for the expression of the selection genes and EPO. PYC2-expressing clones showed a 2-fold higher glucose-specific productivity and a 2-fold higher product concentration in a continuously perfused bioreactor. Moreover, the PYC2 expression enabled the cells to become more resistant to low glucose concentrations in the culture medium. They could produce at nearly maximum productivity under glucose-limiting conditions of 0.05-1 gl(-1) that guaranteed a reduced accumulation of lactate in fed-batch production systems. Due to the fact that PYC2-expressing cells are characterized by reduced glucose consumption, a prolonged production phase in bioreactors can be maintained. Based on the demand not to fall short of 80% cell viability for the production, EPO could be produced for 2 days (30%) longer compared to the control due to a more economic exploitation of glucose, and the prolonged viability period of the cells using a batch cultivation driven by glutamine limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Irani
- Department of Cell Culture Technology (ZKT), National Research Centre for Biotechnology (GBF), Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|