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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Peng Z, Yang M, Zou W, Wu X, Wang C, Si M, Chen C. The role of the transcriptional repressor CssR in Corynebacterium glutamicum in response to phenolic compounds. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27929. [PMID: 38509974 PMCID: PMC10950717 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The cssR gene (ncgl1578) of Corynebacterium glutamicum encodes a repressor of the TetR (tetracycline regulator) family. Its role in the stress response to antibiotics/heavy metals has been investigated, but how CssR functions in response to phenolic compounds in C. glutamicum has been rarely studied. In this study, we applied transcriptomic analysis, β-galactosidase analysis, qRT-PCR, and EMSAs to analyze the target genes and functions of CssR in response to phenolic compounds. Consistent with the upregulation of genes involved in the degradation of phenolic compounds, the ΔcssR mutant was more resistant to various phenolic compounds than was the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the addition of phenolic compounds induced the expression of corresponding genes (ncgl0283, ncgl1032, ncgl1111, ncgl2920, ncgl2923, and ncgl2952) in vivo. However, the DNA binding activity of CssR to the promoter of phenolic compound-degrading genes was undetected in vitro. Additionally, we also found that CssR indirectly negatively regulates the expression of cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis-related genes, which may enhance resistance to stress caused by phenolic compounds. Together, our findings demonstrate that CssR is a key regulator that copes with stress conditions induced by phenolic compounds, thus greatly expanding our understanding of the functions of TetR family transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei/Key Laboratory for Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Hebei/Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoxin Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - MingFei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Can Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
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Jeong H, Kim Y, Lee HS. CdbC: a disulfide bond isomerase involved in the refolding of mycoloyltransferases in Corynebacterium glutamicum cells exposed to oxidative conditions. J Biochem 2024; 175:457-470. [PMID: 38227582 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In Corynebacterium glutamicum cells, cdbC, which encodes a protein containing the CysXXCys motif, is regulated by the global redox-responsive regulator OsnR. In this study, we assessed the role of the periplasmic protein CdbC in disulfide bond formation and its involvement in mycomembrane biosynthesis. Purified CdbC efficiently refolded scrambled RNaseA, exhibiting prominent disulfide bond isomerase activity. The transcription of cdbC was decreased in cells grown in the presence of the reductant dithiothreitol (DTT). Moreover, unlike wild-type and cdbC-deleted cells, cdbC-overexpressing (P180-cdbC) cells grown in the presence of DTT exhibited retarded growth, abnormal cell morphology, increased cell surface hydrophobicity and altered mycolic acid composition. P180-cdbC cells cultured in a reducing environment accumulated trehalose monocorynomycolate, indicating mycomembrane deformation. Similarly, a two-hybrid analysis demonstrated the interaction of CdbC with the mycoloyltransferases MytA and MytB. Collectively, our findings suggest that CdbC, a periplasmic disulfide bond isomerase, refolds misfolded MytA and MytB and thereby assists in mycomembrane biosynthesis in cells exposed to oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeri Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, 65, Semyeong-ro, Chungbuk 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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Li C, Sun P, Wei G, Zhu Y, Li J, Liu Y, Chen J, Deng Y. Efficient biosynthesis of creatine by whole-cell catalysis from guanidinoacetic acid in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:99-107. [PMID: 38288444 PMCID: PMC10823089 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Creatine is a naturally occurring derivative of an amino acid commonly utilized in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, the current industrial synthesis of creatine relies on chemical processes, which may hinder its utilization in certain applications. Therefore, a biological approach was devised that employs whole-cell biocatalysis in the bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is considered safe for use in food production, to produce safe-for-consumption creatine. The objective of this study was to identify a guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) with superior catalytic activity for creatine production. Through employing whole-cell biocatalysis, a gamt gene from Mus caroli (Mcgamt) was cloned and expressed in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, resulting in a creatine titer of 3.37 g/L. Additionally, the study employed a promoter screening strategy that utilized nine native strong promoters in C. glutamicum to enhance the expression level of GAMT. The highest titer was achieved using the P1676 promoter, reaching 4.14 g/L. The conditions of whole-cell biocatalysis were further optimized, resulting in a creatine titer of 5.42 g/L. This is the first report of successful secretory creatine expression in C. glutamicum, which provides a safer and eco-friendly approach for the industrial production of creatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Nuoan Baite Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Pengdong Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, and Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, and Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
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Ganguly S. The pivotal role of Corynebacterium glutamicum in l-Glutamic acid fermentation: A concise review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lee SM, Jeong KJ. Advances in Synthetic Biology Tools and Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a Platform Host for Recombinant Protein Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gu H, Hao X, Liu R, Shi Z, Zhao Z, Chen F, Wang W, Wang Y, Shen X. Small protein Cgl2215 enhances phenolic tolerance by promoting MytA activity in Corynebacterium glutamicum. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:49. [PMID: 37676548 PMCID: PMC10441969 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a promising chassis microorganism for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass owing to its good tolerance and degradation of the inhibitors generated in lignocellulosic pretreatments. Among the identified proteins encoded by genes within the C. glutamicum genome, nearly 400 are still functionally unknown. Based on previous transcriptome analysis, we found that the hypothetical protein gene cgl2215 was highly upregulated in response to phenol, ferulic acid, and vanillin stress. The cgl2215 deletion mutant was shown to be more sensitive than the parental strain to phenolic compounds as well as other environmental factors such as heat, ethanol, and oxidative stresses. Cgl2215 interacts with C. glutamicum mycoloyltransferase A (MytA) and enhances its in vitro esterase activity. Sensitivity assays of the ΔmytA and Δcgl2215ΔmytA mutants in response to phenolic stress established that the role of Cgl2215 in phenolic tolerance was mediated by MytA. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that cgl2215 and mytA deletion both led to defects in the cell envelope structure of C. glutamicum, especially in the outer layer (OL) and electron-transparent layer (ETL). Collectively, these results indicate that Cgl2215 can enhance MytA activity and affect the cell envelope structure by directly interacting with MytA, thus playing an important role in resisting phenolic and other environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenkun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zehua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Ray D, Anand U, Jha NK, Korzeniewska E, Bontempi E, Proćków J, Dey A. The soil bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, from biosynthesis of value-added products to bioremediation: A master of many trades. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113622. [PMID: 35710026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ever since its discovery in 1957, Corynebacterium glutamicum has become a well-established industrial strain and is known for its massive capability of producing various amino acids (like L-lysine and L-glutamate) and other value-added chemicals. With the rising demand for these bio-based products, the revelation of the whole genome sequences of the wild type strains, and the astounding advancements made in the fields of metabolic engineering and systems biology, our perspective of C. glutamicum has been revolutionized and has expanded our understanding of its strain development. With these advancements, a new era for C. glutamicum supremacy in the field of industrial biotechnology began. This led to remarkable progress in the enhancement of tailor-made over-producing strains and further development of the substrate spectrum of the bacterium, to easily accessible, economical, and renewable resources. C. glutamicum has also been metabolically engineered and used in the degradation/assimilation of highly toxic and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, arsenic, present in water or soil. Here, we review the history, current knowledge, progress, achievements, and future trends relating to the versatile metabolic factory, C. glutamicum. This review paper is devoted to C. glutamicum which is one of the leading industrial microbes, and one of the most promising and versatile candidates to be developed. It can be used not only as a platform microorganism to produce different value-added chemicals and recombinant proteins, but also as a tool for bioremediation, allowing to enhance specific properties, for example in situ bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Ray
- Department of Microbiology, St. Aloysius' College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India.
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Jeong SH, Kwon M, Kim SW. Advanced Whole-cell Conversion for D-allulose Production Using an Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carbohydrate-binding module of cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase from Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae improves its cyclodextran production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 157:110023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang J, Wang X, Liang Q, Li D, Li D, Guo Q. Transcriptome analysis of L-leucine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum under the addition of trimethylglycine. Amino Acids 2021; 54:229-240. [PMID: 34837555 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely reported that the addition of trimethylglycine (betaine) decreases osmotic pressure inhibition for cell growth, leading to increased production of amino acids. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. To determine the global metabolic differences that occur under the addition of trimethylglycine, transcriptome analysis was performed. Transcriptome analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum JL1211 revealed that 272 genes exhibited significant changes under trimethylglycine addition. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment pathway analyses on these differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Significantly upregulated genes were mainly involved in the regulation of ABC transporters, especially phosphate transporters and sulfur metabolism. The three phosphate transporter genes pstC, pstA and pstB were upregulated by 13.06-fold, 29.80-fold and 30.49-fold, respectively. Notably, the transcriptional levels of the cysD, cysN, cysH and sir genes were upregulated by 81.5-fold, 57.3-fold, 77.6-fold and 125.4-fold, respectively, consistent with assimilatory sulfate reduction under the addition of trimethylglycine. The upregulation of ilvBN and leuD genes might result in increased L-leucine formation. The data indicated changes in the transcriptome of C. glutamicum with trimethylglycine treatment, thus providing a mechanism supporting the application of trimethylglycine in the production of L-leucine and other amino acids by C. glutamicum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xuesong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Deheng Li
- Xinjiang Fufeng Biotechnologies Co., Urumqi, China
| | - Dawei Li
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qunqun Guo
- Tianjin Dexiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
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Advances in metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce high-value active ingredients for food, feed, human health, and well-being. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:197-212. [PMID: 34096577 PMCID: PMC8313993 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The soil microbe Corynebacterium glutamicum is a leading workhorse in industrial biotechnology and has become famous for its power to synthetise amino acids and a range of bulk chemicals at high titre and yield. The product portfolio of the microbe is continuously expanding. Moreover, metabolically engineered strains of C. glutamicum produce more than 30 high value active ingredients, including signature molecules of raspberry, savoury, and orange flavours, sun blockers, anti-ageing sugars, and polymers for regenerative medicine. Herein, we highlight recent advances in engineering of the microbe into novel cell factories that overproduce these precious molecules from pioneering proofs-of-concept up to industrial productivity.
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Son J, Jang JH, Choi IH, Lim CG, Jeon EJ, Bae Bang H, Jeong KJ. Production of trans-cinnamic acid by whole-cell bioconversion from L-phenylalanine in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:145. [PMID: 34303376 PMCID: PMC8310591 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) is a phenylpropanoid with a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and it also has high potential in food and cosmetic applications. Although significant progress has been made in the production of t-CA using microorganisms, its relatively low product titers still need to be improved. In this study, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole-cell catalyst for the bioconversion of l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) into t-CA and developed a repeated bioconversion process. Results An expression module based on a phenylalanine ammonia lyase-encoding gene from Streptomyces maritimus (SmPAL), which mediates the conversion of l-Phe into t-CA, was constructed in C. glutamicum. Using the strong promoter PH36 and ribosome binding site (RBS) (in front of gene 10 of the T7 phage), and a high-copy number plasmid, SmPAL could be expressed to levels as high as 39.1% of the total proteins in C. glutamicum. Next, to improve t-CA production at an industrial scale, reaction conditions including temperature and pH were optimized; t-CA production reached up to 6.7 mM/h in a bioreactor under optimal conditions (50 °C and pH 8.5, using NaOH as base solution). Finally, a recycling system was developed by coupling membrane filtration with the bioreactor, and the engineered C. glutamicum successfully produced 13.7 mM of t-CA (24.3 g) from 18.2 mM of l-Phe (36 g) and thus with a yield of 75% (0.75 mol/mol) through repetitive supplementation. Conclusions We developed a highly efficient bioconversion process using C. glutamicum as a biocatalyst and a micromembrane-based cell recycling system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on t-CA production in C. glutamicum, and this robust platform will contribute to the development of an industrially relevant platform for the production of t-CA using microorganisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01631-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bae Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for The BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Ravi J, Fioravanti A. S-layers: The Proteinaceous Multifunctional Armors of Gram-Positive Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663468. [PMID: 33889148 PMCID: PMC8056022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
S-layers are self-assembled crystalline 2D lattices enclosing the cell envelopes of several bacteria and archaea. Despite their abundance, the landscape of S-layer structure and function remains a land of wonder. By virtue of their location, bacterial S-layers have been hypothesized to add structural stability to the cell envelope. In addition, S-layers are implicated in mediating cell-environment and cell-host interactions playing a key role in adhesion, cell growth, and division. Significant strides in the understanding of these bacterial cell envelope components were made possible by recent studies that have provided structural and functional insights on the critical S-layer and S-layer-associated proteins (SLPs and SLAPs), highlighting their roles in pathogenicity and their potential as therapeutic or vaccine targets. In this mini-review, we revisit the sequence-structure-function relationships of S-layers, SLPs, and SLAPs in Gram-positive pathogens, focusing on the best-studied classes, Bacilli (Bacillus anthracis) and Clostridia (Clostridioides difficile). We delineate the domains and their architectures in archetypal S-layer proteins across Gram-positive genera and reconcile them with experimental findings. Similarly, we highlight a few key "flavors" of SLPs displayed by Gram-positive pathogens to assemble and support the bacterial S-layers. Together, these findings indicate that S-layers are excellent candidates for translational research (developing diagnostics, antibacterial therapeutics, and vaccines) since they display the three crucial characteristics: accessible location at the cell surface, abundance, and unique lineage-specific signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Ravi
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Christensen S, McMahon RM, Martin JL, Huston WM. Life inside and out: making and breaking protein disulfide bonds in Chlamydia. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:33-50. [PMID: 30663449 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1538933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Disulphide bonds are widely used among all domains of life to provide structural stability to proteins and to regulate enzyme activity. Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria that are especially dependent on the formation and degradation of protein disulphide bonds. Members of the genus Chlamydia have a unique biphasic developmental cycle alternating between two distinct cell types; the extracellular infectious elementary body (EB) and the intracellular replicating reticulate body. The proteins in the envelope of the EB are heavily cross-linked with disulphides and this is known to be critical for this infectious phase. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of what is known about the redox state of chlamydial envelope proteins throughout the developmental cycle. We focus especially on the factors responsible for degradation and formation of disulphide bonds in Chlamydia and how this system compares with redox regulation in other organisms. Focussing on the unique biology of Chlamydia enables us to provide important insights into how specialized suites of disulphide bond (Dsb) proteins cater for specific bacterial environments and lifecycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Christensen
- a Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology , Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD , Australia.,b Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan , QLD , Australia
| | - Róisín M McMahon
- b Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan , QLD , Australia
| | - Jennifer L Martin
- b Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan , QLD , Australia
| | - Wilhelmina M Huston
- c School of Life Sciences , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , NSW , Australia
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15
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Nonaka T, Tsurui N, Mannen T, Kikuchi Y, Shiraki K. A new pH-responsive peptide tag for protein purification. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 146:91-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Landeta C, Boyd D, Beckwith J. Disulfide bond formation in prokaryotes. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:270-280. [PMID: 29463925 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interest in protein disulfide bond formation has recently increased because of the prominent role of disulfide bonds in bacterial virulence and survival. The first discovered pathway that introduces disulfide bonds into cell envelope proteins consists of Escherichia coli enzymes DsbA and DsbB. Since its discovery, variations on the DsbAB pathway have been found in bacteria and archaea, probably reflecting specific requirements for survival in their ecological niches. One variation found amongst Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria is the replacement of DsbB by a homologue of human vitamin K epoxide reductase. Many Gram-positive bacteria express enzymes involved in disulfide bond formation that are similar, but non-homologous, to DsbAB. While bacterial pathways promote disulfide bond formation in the bacterial cell envelope, some archaeal extremophiles express proteins with disulfide bonds both in the cytoplasm and in the extra-cytoplasmic space, possibly to stabilize proteins in the face of extreme conditions, such as growth at high temperatures. Here, we summarize the diversity of disulfide-bond-catalysing systems across prokaryotic lineages, discuss examples for understanding the biological basis of such systems, and present perspectives on how such systems are enabling advances in biomedical engineering and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Landeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Beckwith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Choi JW, Yim SS, Jeong KJ. Development of a Potential Protein Display Platform in Corynebacterium glutamicum Using Mycolic Acid Layer Protein, NCgl1337, as an Anchoring Motif. Biotechnol J 2017; 13. [PMID: 29072352 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the cell surface display, the choice of host cell and anchoring motif are the most crucial for the efficient display of passenger proteins. Corynebacterium glutamicum has mycolic acid layer in outer membrane and the use of protein in the mycolic acid layer as an anchoring motif can provide a potential platform for surface display in C. glutamicum. All 19 mycolic acid layer proteins of C. glutamicum are analyzed, and two proteins, NCgl0535 and NCgl1337, which have a signal peptide and predicted O-mycoloylation site, are selected as anchoring motifs candidates. Among them, NCgl1337, which shows better expression with higher display efficiency, is chosen as a potential anchoring motif. Two forms of the NCgl1337 anchoring motif, a full-length (1-324 amino acids) and a short-length (1-50 amino acids) containing only signal peptide and O-mycoloylation site, are constructed and their abilities for surface display are examined using two protein models, endoxylanase from Streptomyces coelicolor and α-amylase from Streptococcus bovis. For both model proteins, the short-length NCgl1337 anchoring motif exhibits higher yield of protein display on the surface of C. glutamicum than the full-length NCgl1337. Finally, with C. glutamicum displaying α-amylase, a batch fermentation is performed for the production of l-lysine from starch degradation, and a production of l-lysine as high as 10.8 ± 0.92 g L-1 was achieved after 18 h of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Choi
- J. W. Choi, Dr. S. S. Yim, Prof. K. J. Jeong, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK Plus program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sun Yim
- J. W. Choi, Dr. S. S. Yim, Prof. K. J. Jeong, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK Plus program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- J. W. Choi, Dr. S. S. Yim, Prof. K. J. Jeong, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK Plus program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Prof. K. J. Jeong, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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18
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Effects of EGTA on cell surface structures of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:281-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Freudl R. Beyond amino acids: Use of the Corynebacterium glutamicum cell factory for the secretion of heterologous proteins. J Biotechnol 2017; 258:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Systems metabolic engineering strategies for the production of amino acids. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:87-96. [PMID: 29062965 PMCID: PMC5637227 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems metabolic engineering is a multidisciplinary area that integrates systems biology, synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering. It is an efficient approach for strain improvement and process optimization, and has been successfully applied in the microbial production of various chemicals including amino acids. In this review, systems metabolic engineering strategies including pathway-focused approaches, systems biology-based approaches, evolutionary approaches and their applications in two major amino acid producing microorganisms: Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli, are summarized.
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Shin KC, Sim DH, Seo MJ, Oh DK. Increased Production of Food-Grade d-Tagatose from d-Galactose by Permeabilized and Immobilized Cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum, a GRAS Host, Expressing d-Galactose Isomerase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8146-8153. [PMID: 27734668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The generally recognized as safe microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum expressing Geobacillus thermodenitrificans d-galactose isomerase (d-GaI) was an efficient host for the production of d-tagatose, a functional sweetener. The d-tagatose production at 500 g/L d-galactose by the host was 1.4-fold higher than that by Escherichia coli expressing d-GaI. The d-tagatose-producing activity of permeabilized C. glutamicum (PCG) cells treated with 1% (w/v) Triton X-100 was 2.1-fold higher than that of untreated cells. Permeabilized and immobilized C. glutamicum (PICG) cells in 3% (w/v) alginate showed a 3.1-fold longer half-life at 50 °C and 3.1-fold higher total d-tagatose concentration in repeated batch reactions than PCG cells. PICG cells, which produced 165 g/L d-tagatose after 3 h, with a conversion of 55% (w/w) and a productivity of 55 g/L/h, showed significantly higher d-tagatose productivity than that reported for other cells. Thus, d-tagatose production by PICG cells may be an economical process to produce food-grade d-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Sim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Min-Ju Seo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
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22
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Chen C, Pan J, Yang X, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Si M, Shen X, Wang Y. Global transcriptomic analysis of the response of Corynebacterium glutamicum to ferulic acid. Arch Microbiol 2016; 199:325-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Global Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response of Corynebacterium glutamicum to Vanillin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164955. [PMID: 27760214 PMCID: PMC5070772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource for biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Vanillin is one of the major phenolic inhibitors in biomass production using lignocellulose. To assess the response of Corynebacterium glutamicum to vanillin stress, we performed a global transcriptional response analysis. The transcriptional data showed that the vanillin stress not only affected the genes involved in degradation of vanillin, but also differentially regulated several genes related to the stress response, ribosome/translation, protein secretion, and the cell envelope. Moreover, deletion of the sigH or msrA gene in C. glutamicum resulted in a decrease in cell viability under vanillin stress. These insights will promote further engineering of model industrial strains, with enhanced tolerance or degradation ability to vanillin to enable suitable production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Loots DT, Swanepoel CC, Newton-Foot M, Gey van Pittius NC. A metabolomics investigation of the function of the ESX-1 gene cluster in mycobacteria. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:268-275. [PMID: 27744102 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ESX-1 gene cluster, encoding the Type-VII secretion (T7S) system and its virulence associated proteins, ESAT-6 and CFP-10, is thought to be responsible for the transport of extracellular proteins across the hydrophobic and highly impermeable, cell envelope of Mycobacterium, and is involved in virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Using a GCxGC-TOFMS metabolomics approach, a M. smegmatis ESX-1 knock-out strain (ΔESX-1ms) was compared to that of the M. smegmatis wild-type parent strain, and the metabolite markers due to the presence or absence of the ESX-1 gene cluster were identified. A general increase in specific metabolites in the ΔESX-1ms, confirmed the roles previously described for ESX-1 in mycolic acid biosynthesis and cell wall integrity. However, a number of other metabolite markers identified indicates ESX-1 has an additional role the in cell envelope structure, altering the levels of antioxidants and energy metabolism. Furthermore, the metabolome profiles correlated with the metabolomic variation observed when comparing a hyper- and hypo-virulent Beijing strain of M. tuberculosis, suggesting that the pathways which modulate virulence in M. tuberculosis are also influenced by ESX-1, reaffirming the previously described association of ESX-1 with virulence and cell envelope biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Conrad C Swanepoel
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, 2531, South Africa
| | - Mae Newton-Foot
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Nicolaas C Gey van Pittius
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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25
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Anusree M, Wendisch VF, Nampoothiri KM. Co-expression of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in Corynebacterium glutamicum DM1729 towards direct lysine fermentation from cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:239-244. [PMID: 27020126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is the development of a consolidated bioprocess for the production of lysine with recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum DM1729 strains expressing endoglucanase and β-glucosidase genes. Here, the endoglucanase genes from Xanthomonas campestris XCC3521 and XCC2387 and betaglucosidase gene from Saccharophagus degradans Sde1394 were cloned in C. glutamicum DM1729 and expressed either extracellularly or on cell surface. The highest β-glucosidase activity of 9±0.5U/OD600 of 1 and endoglucanase activity of 5.5±0.8U was obtained in C. glutamicum DM 1729 (pVWEx1-TATXCC2387) (pEKEx3-PorC-Sde1394) when cellobiose (20g/L) alone or in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose (20g/L) was used as the carbon sources respectively. The overall efforts resulted in a lysine titre of 5.9±0.5mM. The ability of the constructs to utilize carboxymethyl cellulose and cellobiose for growth and amino acid production proves the concept of utilization of C. glutamicum as a biocatalyst in the lignocellulosic biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Anusree
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - National Institute For Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Chair of Genetics of Prokaryotes, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - National Institute For Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India.
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D-Allulose Production from D-Fructose by Permeabilized Recombinant Cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum Cells Expressing D-Allulose 3-Epimerase Flavonifractor plautii. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160044. [PMID: 27467527 PMCID: PMC4965175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A d-allulose 3-epimerase from Flavonifractor plautii was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The maximum activity of the enzyme purified from recombinant E. coli cells was observed at pH 7.0, 65°C, and 1 mM Co2+ with a half-life of 40 min at 65°C, Km of 162 mM, and kcat of 25280 1/s. For increased d-allulose production, recombinant C. glutamicum cells were permeabilized via combined treatments with 20 mg/L penicillin and 10% (v/v) toluene. Under optimized conditions, 10 g/L permeabilized cells produced 235 g/L d-allulose from 750 g/L d-fructose after 40 min, with a conversion rate of 31% (w/w) and volumetric productivity of 353 g/L/h, which were 1.4- and 2.1-fold higher than those obtained for nonpermeabilized cells, respectively.
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Dhar KS, Wendisch VF, Nampoothiri KM. Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for xylitol production from lignocellulosic pentose sugars. J Biotechnol 2016; 230:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dautin N, de Sousa-d'Auria C, Constantinesco-Becker F, Labarre C, Oberto J, Li de la Sierra-Gallay I, Dietrich C, Issa H, Houssin C, Bayan N. Mycoloyltransferases: A large and major family of enzymes shaping the cell envelope of Corynebacteriales. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3581-3592. [PMID: 27345499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium are important genera of the Corynebacteriales order, the members of which are characterized by an atypical diderm cell envelope. Indeed the cytoplasmic membrane of these bacteria is surrounded by a thick mycolic acid-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) covalent polymer. The mycolic acid-containing part of this complex associates with other lipids (mainly trehalose monomycolate (TMM) and trehalose dimycolate (TDM)) to form an outer membrane. The metabolism of mycolates in the cell envelope is governed by esterases called mycoloyltransferases that catalyze the transfer of mycoloyl chains from TMM to another TMM molecule or to other acceptors such as the terminal arabinoses of arabinogalactan or specific polypeptides. In this review we present an overview of this family of Corynebacteriales enzymes, starting with their expression, localization, structure and activity to finally discuss their putative functions in the cell. In addition, we show that Corynebacteriales possess multiple mycoloyltransferases encoding genes in their genome. The reason for this multiplicity is not known, as their function in mycolates biogenesis appear to be only partially redundant. It is thus possible that, in some species living in specific environments, some mycoloyltransferases have evolved to gain some new functions. In any case, the few characterized mycoloyltransferases are very important for the bacterial physiology and are also involved in adaptation in the host where they constitute major secreted antigens. Although not discussed in this review, all these functions make them interesting targets for the discovery of new antibiotics and promising vaccines candidates. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Science for Life" Guest Editor: Dr. Austen Angell, Dr. Salvatore Magazù and Dr. Federica Migliardo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dautin
- Molecular Biology of Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Célia de Sousa-d'Auria
- Molecular Biology of Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Florence Constantinesco-Becker
- Molecular Biology of Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Labarre
- Molecular Biology of Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Oberto
- Cell Biology of Archaea, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ines Li de la Sierra-Gallay
- Function and Architecture of Macromolecular Assemblies, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Christiane Dietrich
- Molecular Biology of Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Hanane Issa
- Molecular Biology of Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Christine Houssin
- Molecular Biology of Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Bayan
- Molecular Biology of Corynebacteria and Mycobacteria, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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Oliveira A, Teixeira P, Azevedo M, Jamal SB, Tiwari S, Almeida S, Silva A, Barh D, Dorneles EMS, Haas DJ, Heinemann MB, Ghosh P, Lage AP, Figueiredo H, Ferreira RS, Azevedo V. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis may be under anagenesis and biovar Equi forms biovar Ovis: a phylogenic inference from sequence and structural analysis. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:100. [PMID: 27251711 PMCID: PMC4890528 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis can be classified into two biovars or biovars based on their nitrate-reducing ability. Strains isolated from sheep and goats show negative nitrate reduction and are termed biovar Ovis, while strains from horse and cattle exhibit positive nitrate reduction and are called biovar Equi. However, molecular evidence has not been established so far to understand this difference, specifically if these C. pseudotuberculosis strains are under an evolutionary process. RESULTS The ERIC 1 + 2 Minimum-spanning tree from 367 strains of C. pseudotuberculosis showed that the great majority of biovar Ovis strains clustered together, but separately from biovar Equi strains that also clustered amongst themselves. Using evolutionarily conserved genes (rpoB, gapA, fusA, and rsmE) and their corresponding amino acid sequences, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship among eighteen strains of C. pseudotuberculosis belonging to both biovars Ovis and Equi. Additionally, conserved point mutation based on structural variation analysis was also carried out to elucidate the genotype-phenotype correlations and speciation. We observed that the biovars are different at the molecular phylogenetic level and a probable anagenesis is occurring slowly within the species C. pseudotuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together the results suggest that biovar Equi is forming the biovar Ovis. However, additional analyses using other genes and other bacterial strains are required to further support our anagenesis hypothesis in C. pseudotuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pammella Teixeira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sintia Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Departmento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba, Medinipur, WB-721172, India
| | - Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dionei Joaquim Haas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique Figueiredo
- Aquacen, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abstract
Disulfide bonds are important for the stability and function of many secreted proteins. In Gram-negative bacteria, these linkages are catalyzed by thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (Dsb) in the periplasm. Protein oxidation has been well studied in these organisms, but it has not fully been explored in Gram-positive bacteria, which lack traditional periplasmic compartments. Recent bioinformatics analyses have suggested that the high-GC-content bacteria (i.e., actinobacteria) rely on disulfide-bond-forming pathways. In support of this, Dsb-like proteins have been identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but their functions are not known. Actinomyces oris and Corynebacterium diphtheriae have recently emerged as models to study disulfide bond formation in actinobacteria. In both organisms, disulfide bonds are catalyzed by the membrane-bound oxidoreductase MdbA. Remarkably, unlike known Dsb proteins, MdbA is important for pathogenesis and growth, which makes it a potential target for new antibacterial drugs. This review will discuss disulfide-bond-forming pathways in bacteria, with a special focus on Gram-positive bacteria.
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Reardon-Robinson ME, Osipiuk J, Jooya N, Chang C, Joachimiak A, Das A, Ton-That H. A thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase of the Gram-positive pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae is essential for viability, pilus assembly, toxin production and virulence. Mol Microbiol 2015; 98:1037-50. [PMID: 26294390 PMCID: PMC4981772 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-positive pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae exports through the Sec apparatus many extracellular proteins that include the key virulence factors diphtheria toxin and the adhesive pili. How these proteins attain their native conformations after translocation as unfolded precursors remains elusive. The fact that the majority of these exported proteins contain multiple cysteine residues and that several membrane-bound oxidoreductases are encoded in the corynebacterial genome suggests the existence of an oxidative protein-folding pathway in this organism. Here we show that the shaft pilin SpaA harbors a disulfide bond in vivo and alanine substitution of these cysteines abrogates SpaA polymerization and leads to the secretion of degraded SpaA peptides. We then identified a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase (MdbA), whose structure exhibits a conserved thioredoxin-like domain with a CPHC active site. Remarkably, deletion of mdbA results in a severe temperature-sensitive cell division phenotype. This mutant also fails to assemble pilus structures and is greatly defective in toxin production. Consistent with these defects, the ΔmdbA mutant is attenuated in a guinea pig model of diphtheritic toxemia. Given its diverse cellular functions in cell division, pilus assembly and toxin production, we propose that MdbA is a component of the general oxidative folding machine in C. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Reardon-Robinson
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jerzy Osipiuk
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Department of Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
- Structural Biology Center, Department of Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Neda Jooya
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Department of Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
- Structural Biology Center, Department of Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Asis Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Reardon-Robinson ME, Osipiuk J, Chang C, Wu C, Jooya N, Joachimiak A, Das A, Ton-That H. A Disulfide Bond-forming Machine Is Linked to the Sortase-mediated Pilus Assembly Pathway in the Gram-positive Bacterium Actinomyces oris. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21393-405. [PMID: 26170452 PMCID: PMC4571867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Export of cell surface pilins in Gram-positive bacteria likely occurs by the translocation of unfolded precursor polypeptides; however, how the unfolded pilins gain their native conformation is presently unknown. Here, we present physiological studies to demonstrate that the FimA pilin of Actinomyces oris contains two disulfide bonds. Alanine substitution of cysteine residues forming the C-terminal disulfide bridge abrogates pilus assembly, in turn eliminating biofilm formation and polymicrobial interaction. Transposon mutagenesis of A. oris yielded a mutant defective in adherence to Streptococcus oralis, and revealed the essential role of a vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) gene in pilus assembly. Targeted deletion of vkor results in the same defects, which are rescued by ectopic expression of VKOR, but not a mutant containing an alanine substitution in its conserved CXXC motif. Depletion of mdbA, which encodes a membrane-bound thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, abrogates pilus assembly and alters cell morphology. Remarkably, overexpression of MdbA or a counterpart from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, rescues the Δvkor mutant. By alkylation assays, we demonstrate that VKOR is required for MdbA reoxidation. Furthermore, crystallographic studies reveal that A. oris MdbA harbors a thioredoxin-like fold with the conserved CXXC active site. Consistently, each MdbA enzyme catalyzes proper disulfide bond formation within FimA in vitro that requires the catalytic CXXC motif. Because the majority of signal peptide-containing proteins encoded by A. oris possess multiple Cys residues, we propose that MdbA and VKOR constitute a major folding machine for the secretome of this organism. This oxidative protein folding pathway may be a common feature in Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Reardon-Robinson
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jerzy Osipiuk
- the Department of Biosciences, Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, and ,the Department of Biosciences, Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and
| | - Chungyu Chang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chenggang Wu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Neda Jooya
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- the Department of Biosciences, Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, and ,the Department of Biosciences, Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and
| | - Asis Das
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Hung Ton-That
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030,
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Migliardo F, Salmeron C, Bayan N. Mobility and temperature resistance of trehalose mycolates as key characteristics of the outer membrane ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:447-59. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.887032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Adachi N, Takahashi C, Ono-Murota N, Yamaguchi R, Tanaka T, Kondo A. Direct L-lysine production from cellobiose by Corynebacterium glutamicum displaying beta-glucosidase on its cell surface. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:7165-72. [PMID: 23749228 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We constructed beta-glucosidase (BGL)-displaying Corynebacterium glutamicum, and direct L-lysine fermentation from cellobiose was demonstrated. After screening active BGLs, Sde1394, which is a BGL from Saccharophagus degradans, was successfully displayed on the C. glutamicum cell surface using porin as an anchor protein, and cellobiose was directly assimilated as a carbon source. The optical density at 600 nm of BGL-displaying C. glutamicum grown on cellobiose as a carbon source reached 23.5 after 48 h of cultivation, which was almost the same as that of glucose after 24 h of cultivation. Finally, Sde1394-displaying C. glutamicum produced 1.08 g/l of L-lysine from 20 g/l of cellobiose after 4 days of cultivation, which was about threefold higher than the amount of produced L-lysine using BGL-secretory C. glutamicum strains (0.38 g/l after 5 days of cultivation). This is the first report on amino acid production using cellobiose as a carbon source by BGL-expressing C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Adachi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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An SJ, Yim SS, Jeong KJ. Development of a secretion system for the production of heterologous proteins in Corynebacterium glutamicum using the Porin B signal peptide. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 89:251-7. [PMID: 23597779 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the useful hosts for the secretory production of heterologous proteins because of intrinsic attributes such as the presence of few endogenous proteins and proteases in culture medium. Here, we report the development of a new secretory system for the production of heterologous proteins by using the porin B (PorB) signal peptide in C. glutamicum. We examined two different endoxylanases and an antibody fragment (scFv) as model proteins for secretory production. In the flask cultivations, all the examined proteins were successfully produced as active forms into the culture medium with high efficiency. For the high-level production of endoxylanase, fed-batch cultivation was also performed in a lab-scale (5L) bioreactor, and the endoxylanases were efficiently secreted in the culture medium at levels as high as 615mg/L. From the culture supernatant, the secreted endoxylanases could be purified with high purity via one-step affinity column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ji An
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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36
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Ghashghaei S, Emtiazi G. Increasing the antibacterial activity of gentamicin in combination with extracted polyphosphate from Bacillus megaterium. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1264-72. [PMID: 23332009 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this research was production of polyphosphate (poly P) and study on its antibacterial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Poly P granules in the cells were observed with the help of Albert staining and extracted by Mussig-Zufika method. Thin layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31) P NMR) were used to characterize properties of these granules. Relation of phosphorus consumption and poly P production with growth was determined by the vanado-molybdate colorimetric method. Among the 60 strains of bacteria isolated from the environmental samples, strain G11 showed ability for the formation of high levels of poly P. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this isolate had 98% similarity with Bacillus megaterium. 16S rRNA sequence of isolate was deposited in GenBank with accession number JX115009. The average poly P chain length was 10·5 in this bacterium. The antimicrobial activity of bacterial extracted poly P was much better than chemical poly P, and its interaction with gentamicin increased the activity of this drug. The best synergistic activity of this interaction was observed for Corynebacterium glutamicum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa species. The highest adsorption of phosphorus occurred in stationary phase of growth curve, and then the amount of phosphorus increased in medium by degradation of stored poly P. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we isolated a high-level producer bacterium of poly P and extracted poly P by chemical treatment. In addition, we compared antimicrobial activity of chemical poly P with bacterial poly P and its interaction with gentamicin against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Many studies have shown that bacteria are becoming resistant to gentamicin sulphate. In this study, we approved that Acinetobacter baumannii, a pathogenic gentamicin-resistant bacterium, is sensitive to bacterial poly P, and thus, this poly P can be substituted for gentamicin in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghashghaei
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Cell envelope of corynebacteria: structure and influence on pathogenicity. ISRN MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 2013:935736. [PMID: 23724339 PMCID: PMC3658426 DOI: 10.1155/2013/935736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To date the genus Corynebacterium comprises 88 species. More than half of these are connected to human and animal infections, with the most prominent member of the pathogenic species being Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is also the type species of the genus. Corynebacterium species are characterized by a complex cell wall architecture: the plasma membrane of these bacteria is followed by a peptidoglycan layer, which itself is covalently linked to a polymer of arabinogalactan. Bound to this, an outer layer of mycolic acids is found which is functionally equivalent to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. As final layer, free polysaccharides, glycolipids, and proteins are found. The composition of the different substructures of the corynebacterial cell envelope and their influence on pathogenicity are discussed in this paper.
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38
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Vertès AA. Protein Secretion Systems of Corynebacterium glutamicum. CORYNEBACTERIUM GLUTAMICUM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29857-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hassan SS, Guimarães LC, Pereira UDP, Islam A, Ali A, Bakhtiar SM, Ribeiro D, Rodrigues dos Santos A, Soares SDC, Dorella F, Pinto AC, Schneider MPC, Barbosa MS, Almeida S, Abreu V, Aburjaile F, Carneiro AR, Cerdeira LT, Fiaux K, Barbosa E, Diniz C, Rocha FS, Ramos RTJ, Jain N, Tiwari S, Barh D, Miyoshi A, Müller B, Silva A, Azevedo V. Complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar ovis strain P54B96 isolated from antelope in South Africa obtained by rapid next generation sequencing technology. Stand Genomic Sci 2012; 7:189-99. [PMID: 23408795 PMCID: PMC3569390 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.3066455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Actinobacteria, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strain P54B96, a nonmotile, non-sporulating and a mesophile bacterium, was isolated from liver, lung and mediastinal lymph node lesions in an antelope from South Africa. This strain is interesting in the sense that it has been found together with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) which could nevertheless play a role in the lesion formation. In this work, we describe a set of features of C. pseudotuberculosis P54B96, together with the details of the complete genome sequence and annotation. The genome comprises of 2.34 Mbp long, single circular genome with 2,084 protein-coding genes, 12 rRNA, 49 tRNA and 62 pseudogenes and a G+C content of 52.19%. The analysis of the genome sequence provides means to better understanding the molecular and genetic basis of virulence of this bacterium, enabling a detailed investigation of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shah Hassan
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Arshad Islam
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas (ICEX), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Amjad Ali
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Syeda Marriam Bakhtiar
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dayana Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigues dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dorella
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anne Cybelle Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Síntia Almeida
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Abreu
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aburjaile
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karina Fiaux
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eudes Barbosa
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Diniz
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flavia S. Rocha
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Neha Jain
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Borna Müller
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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40
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Vertès AA, Inui M, Yukawa H. Postgenomic Approaches to Using Corynebacteria as Biocatalysts. Annu Rev Microbiol 2012; 66:521-50. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-010312-105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain A. Vertès
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Inui
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan;
| | - Hideaki Yukawa
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan;
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Schröder J, Maus I, Meyer K, Wördemann S, Blom J, Jaenicke S, Schneider J, Trost E, Tauch A. Complete genome sequence, lifestyle, and multi-drug resistance of the human pathogen Corynebacterium resistens DSM 45100 isolated from blood samples of a leukemia patient. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:141. [PMID: 22524407 PMCID: PMC3350403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium resistens was initially recovered from human infections and recognized as a new coryneform species that is highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. Bacteremia associated with this organism in immunocompromised patients was rapidly fatal as standard minocycline therapies failed. C. resistens DSM 45100 was isolated from a blood culture of samples taken from a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia. The complete genome sequence of C. resistens DSM 45100 was determined by pyrosequencing to identify genes contributing to multi-drug resistance, virulence, and the lipophilic lifestyle of this newly described human pathogen. RESULTS The genome of C. resistens DSM 45100 consists of a circular chromosome of 2,601,311 bp in size and the 28,312-bp plasmid pJA144188. Metabolic analysis showed that the genome of C. resistens DSM 45100 lacks genes for typical sugar uptake systems, anaplerotic functions, and a fatty acid synthase, explaining the strict lipophilic lifestyle of this species. The genome encodes a broad spectrum of enzymes ensuring the availability of exogenous fatty acids for growth, including predicted virulence factors that probably contribute to fatty acid metabolism by damaging host tissue. C. resistens DSM 45100 is able to use external L-histidine as a combined carbon and nitrogen source, presumably as a result of adaptation to the hitherto unknown habitat on the human skin. Plasmid pJA144188 harbors several genes contributing to antibiotic resistance of C. resistens DSM 45100, including a tetracycline resistance region of the Tet W type known from Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus suis. The tet(W) gene of pJA144188 was cloned in Corynebacterium glutamicum and was shown to confer high levels of resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The detected gene repertoire of C. resistens DSM 45100 provides insights into the lipophilic lifestyle and virulence functions of this newly recognized pathogen. Plasmid pJA144188 revealed a modular architecture of gene regions that contribute to the multi-drug resistance of C. resistens DSM 45100. The tet(W) gene encoding a ribosomal protection protein is reported here for the first time in corynebacteria. Cloning of the tet(W) gene mediated resistance to second generation tetracyclines in C. glutamicum, indicating that it might be responsible for the failure of minocycline therapies in patients with C. resistens bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Schröder
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany
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Biochemical disclosure of the mycolate outer membrane of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Bacteriol 2011; 194:587-97. [PMID: 22123248 DOI: 10.1128/jb.06138-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterineae is a specific suborder of Gram-positive bacteria that includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The cell wall of these bacteria is composed of a heteropolymer of peptidoglycan (PG) linked to arabinogalactan (AG), which in turn is covalently associated with an atypical outer membrane, here called mycomembrane (M). The latter structure has been visualized by cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections, but its biochemical composition is still poorly defined, thereby hampering the elucidation of its physiological function. In this report, we show for the first time that the mycomembrane-linked heteropolymer of PG and AG (M-AG-PG) of C. glutamicum can be physically separated from the inner membrane on a flotation density gradient. Analysis of purified M-AG-PG showed that the lipids that composed the mycomembrane consisted almost exclusively of mycolic acid derivatives, with only a tiny amount, if any, of phospholipids and lipomannans, which were found with the characteristic lipoarabinomannans in the plasma membrane. Proteins associated with or inserted in the mycomembrane were extracted from M-AG-PG with lauryl-dimethylamine-oxide (LDAO), loaded on an SDS-PAGE gel, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry or by Western blotting. Sixty-eight different proteins were identified, 19 of which were also found in mycomembrane fragments released by the terminal-arabinosyl-transferase-defective ΔAftB strain. Almost all of them are predicted to contain a signal sequence and to adopt the characteristic β-barrel structure of Gram-negative outer membrane proteins. These presumed mycomembrane proteins include the already-known pore-forming proteins (PorA and PorB), 5 mycoloyltransferases (cMytA, cMytB, cMytC, cMytD, and cMytF), several lipoproteins, and unknown proteins typified by a putative C-terminal hydrophobic anchor.
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Schröder J, Maus I, Trost E, Tauch A. Complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium variabile DSM 44702 isolated from the surface of smear-ripened cheeses and insights into cheese ripening and flavor generation. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:545. [PMID: 22053731 PMCID: PMC3219685 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium variabile is part of the complex microflora on the surface of smear-ripened cheeses and contributes to the development of flavor and textural properties during cheese ripening. Still little is known about the metabolic processes and microbial interactions during the production of smear-ripened cheeses. Therefore, the gene repertoire contributing to the lifestyle of the cheese isolate C. variabile DSM 44702 was deduced from the complete genome sequence to get a better understanding of this industrial process. Results The chromosome of C. variabile DSM 44702 is composed of 3, 433, 007 bp and contains 3, 071 protein-coding regions. A comparative analysis of this gene repertoire with that of other corynebacteria detected 1, 534 predicted genes to be specific for the cheese isolate. These genes might contribute to distinct metabolic capabilities of C. variabile, as several of them are associated with metabolic functions in cheese habitats by playing roles in the utilization of alternative carbon and sulphur sources, in amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation. Relevant C. variabile genes confer the capability to catabolize gluconate, lactate, propionate, taurine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid and to utilize external caseins. In addition, C. variabile is equipped with several siderophore biosynthesis gene clusters for iron acquisition and an exceptional repertoire of AraC-regulated iron uptake systems. Moreover, C. variabile can produce acetoin, butanediol, and methanethiol, which are important flavor compounds in smear-ripened cheeses. Conclusions The genome sequence of C. variabile provides detailed insights into the distinct metabolic features of this bacterium, implying a strong adaption to the iron-depleted cheese surface habitat. By combining in silico data obtained from the genome annotation with previous experimental knowledge, occasional observations on genes that are involved in the complex metabolic capacity of C. variabile were integrated into a global view on the lifestyle of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Schröder
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Yun JY, Lee JE, Yang KM, Cho S, Kim A, Kwon YU, Park JB. Ethambutol-mediated cell wall modification in recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum increases the biotransformation rates of cyclohexanone derivatives. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:211-6. [PMID: 21909677 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of structural modification of cell wall on the biotransformation capability by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum cells, expressing the chnB gene encoding cyclohexanone monooxygenase of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIMB 9871, were investigated. Baeyer-Villiger oxygenation of 2-(2'-acetoxyethyl) cyclohexanone (MW 170 Da) into R-7-(2'-acetoxyethyl)-2-oxepanone was used as a model reaction. The whole-cell biotransformation followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The V (max) and K (S) values were estimated as 96.8 U g(-1) of dry cells and 0.98 mM, respectively. The V (max) was comparable with that of cyclohexanone oxygenation, whereas the K (S) was almost eightfold higher. The K (S) value of 2-(2'-acetoxyethyl) cyclohexanone oxygenation was reduced by ca. 30% via altering the cell envelop structure of C. glutamicum with ethambutol, which inhibits arabinosyl transferases involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall arabinogalactan and mycolate layers. The higher whole-cell biotransformation rate was also observed in the oxygenation of ethyl 2-cyclohexanone acetate upon ethambutol treatment of the recombinant C. glutamicum. Therefore, it was assumed that the biotransformation efficiency of C. glutamicum-based biocatalysts, with respect to medium- to large-sized lipophilic organic substrates (MW > ca. 170), can be enhanced by engineering their cell wall outer layers, which are known to function as a formidable barrier to lipophilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Barh D, Jain N, Tiwari S, Parida BP, D'Afonseca V, Li L, Ali A, Santos AR, Guimarães LC, de Castro Soares S, Miyoshi A, Bhattacharjee A, Misra AN, Silva A, Kumar A, Azevedo V. A novel comparative genomics analysis for common drug and vaccine targets in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and other CMN group of human pathogens. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:73-84. [PMID: 21443692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic goat and sheep disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Cp) that accounts for a huge economic loss worldwide. Proper vaccination or medication is not available because of the lack of understanding of molecular biology of the pathogen. In a recent approach, four Cp (CpFrc41, Cp1002, CpC231, and CpI-19) genomes were sequenced to elucidate the molecular pathology of the bacteria. In this study, using these four genome sequences along with other eight genomes (total 12 genomes) and a novel subtractive genomics approach (first time ever applied to a veterinary pathogen), we identified potential conserved common drug and vaccine targets of these four Cp strains along with other Corybacterium, Mycobacterium and Nocardia (CMN) group of human pathogens (Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) considering goat, sheep, bovine, horse, and human as the most affected hosts. The minimal genome of Cp1002 was found to consist of 724 genes, and 20 conserved common targets (to all Cp strains as well as CMN group of pathogens) from various metabolic pathways (13 from host-pathogen common and seven from pathogen's unique pathways) are potential targets irrespective of all hosts considered. ubiA from host-pathogen common pathway and an ABC-like transporter from unique pathways may serve dual (drug and vaccine) targets. Two Corynebacterium-specific (mscL and resB) and one broad-spectrum (rpmB) novel targets were also identified. Strain-specific targets are also discussed. Six important targets were subjected to virtual screening, and one compound was found to be potent enough to render two targets (cdc and nrdL). We are currently validating all identified targets and lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
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The Structure of Bacterial S-Layer Proteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 103:73-130. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415906-8.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mihoub M, Aloui A, EL May A, Sethom MM, Ben Ammar A, Jaafoura MH, Kacem R, Landoulsi A. Effects of garlic extract on cell wall of Corynebacterium glutamicum. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Fränzel B, Trötschel C, Rückert C, Kalinowski J, Poetsch A, Wolters DA. Adaptation of Corynebacterium glutamicum to salt-stress conditions. Proteomics 2010; 10:445-57. [PMID: 19950167 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the biotechnologically most important microorganisms because of its ability to enrich amino acids extracellularly. Hence, C. glutamicum requires effective adaptation strategies against both hypo- and hyperosmotic stress. We give a comprehensive and coherent outline about the quantitative dynamics of C. glutamicum during adaptation to hyperosmotic stress at the transcript and protein levels. The osmolyte carrier ProP, playing a pivotal role in hyperosmotic stress defence, exhibits the strongest up-regulation of all proteins. A conspicuously regulated group comprises proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis of the cell envelope. This is in accordance with our observation of a more viscous and stickier cell envelope, which is supported by the findings of an altered lipid composition. Together with our results, showing that several transporters were down-regulated, this membrane adaptation appears to be one of C. glutamicum's major protection strategies against hyperosmotic stress. In addition, we demonstrate that no oxidative stress and no iron limitation occur during salt stress contrary to former postulations. Ultimately, it is remarkable that various proteins with divergent mRNA-protein dynamics and regulation have been observed. This leads to the assumption that there are still unknown mechanisms in between the bacterial transcription, translation and post-translation and that these are waiting to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fränzel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Kim SH, Yun JY, Kim SG, Seo JH, Park JB. Production of xylitol from d-xylose and glucose with recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dorobantu LS, Gray MR. Application of atomic force microscopy in bacterial research. SCANNING 2010; 32:74-96. [PMID: 20695026 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) has evolved from an imaging device into a multifunctional and powerful toolkit for probing the nanostructures and surface components on the exterior of bacterial cells. Currently, the area of application spans a broad range of interesting fields from materials sciences, in which AFM has been used to deposit patterns of thiol-functionalized molecules onto gold substrates, to biological sciences, in which AFM has been employed to study the undesirable bacterial adhesion to implants and catheters or the essential bacterial adhesion to contaminated soil or aquifers. The unique attribute of AFM is the ability to image bacterial surface features, to measure interaction forces of functionalized probes with these features, and to manipulate these features, for example, by measuring elongation forces under physiological conditions and at high lateral resolution (<1 A). The first imaging studies showed the morphology of various biomolecules followed by rapid progress in visualizing whole bacterial cells. The AFM technique gradually developed into a lab-on-a-tip allowing more quantitative analysis of bacterial samples in aqueous liquids and non-contact modes. Recently, force spectroscopy modes, such as chemical force microscopy, single-cell force spectroscopy, and single-molecule force spectroscopy, have been used to map the spatial arrangement of chemical groups and electrical charges on bacterial surfaces, to measure cell-cell interactions, and to stretch biomolecules. In this review, we present the fascinating options offered by the rapid advances in AFM with emphasizes on bacterial research and provide a background for the exciting research articles to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana S Dorobantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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