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Xu Q, Zhang Y, Sadigh Y, Tang N, Chai J, Cheng Z, Gao Y, Qin A, Shen Z, Yao Y, Nair V. Specific and Sensitive Visual Proviral DNA Detection of Major Pathogenic Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroups Using CRISPR-Associated Nuclease Cas13a. Viruses 2024; 16:1168. [PMID: 39066330 PMCID: PMC11281634 DOI: 10.3390/v16071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) include a group of avian retroviruses primarily associated with neoplastic diseases in poultry, commonly referred to as avian leukosis. Belonging to different subgroups based on their envelope properties, ALV subgroups A, B, and J (ALV-A, ALV-B, and ALV-J) are the most widespread in poultry populations. Early identification and removal of virus-shedding birds from infected flocks are essential for the ALVs' eradication. Therefore, the development of rapid, accurate, simple-to-use, and cost effective on-site diagnostic methods for the detection of ALV subgroups is very important. Cas13a, an RNA-guided RNA endonuclease that cleaves target single-stranded RNA, also exhibits non-specific endonuclease activity on any bystander RNA in close proximity. The distinct trans-cleavage activity of Cas13 has been exploited in the molecular diagnosis of multiple pathogens including several viruses. Here, we describe the development and application of a highly sensitive Cas13a-based molecular test for the specific detection of proviral DNA of ALV-A, B, and J subgroups. Prokaryotically expressed LwaCas13a, purified through ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography, was combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and T7 transcription to establish the SHERLOCK (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking) molecular detection system for the detection of proviral DNA of ALV-A/B/J subgroups. This novel method that needs less sample input with a short turnaround time is based on isothermal detection at 37 °C with a color-based lateral flow readout. The detection limit of the assay for ALV-A/B/J subgroups was 50 copies with no cross reactivity with ALV-C/D/E subgroups and other avian oncogenic viruses such as reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV). The development and evaluation of a highly sensitive and specific visual method of detection of ALV-A/B/J nucleic acids using CRISPR-Cas13a described here will help in ALV detection in eradication programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xu
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK; (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China; (N.T.); (Z.S.)
- Sino-UK Laboratory for Poultry Disease Research, Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK; (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yashar Sadigh
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK; (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Na Tang
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China; (N.T.); (Z.S.)
- Sino-UK Laboratory for Poultry Disease Research, Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Jiaqian Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (J.C.); (Z.C.)
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (J.C.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China;
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225109, China;
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China; (N.T.); (Z.S.)
- Sino-UK Laboratory for Poultry Disease Research, Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK; (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK; (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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Fotouh A, Shosha EAEM, Zanaty AM, Darwesh MM. Immunopathological investigation and genetic evolution of Avian leukosis virus Subgroup-J associated with myelocytomatosis in broiler flocks in Egypt. Virol J 2024; 21:83. [PMID: 38600532 PMCID: PMC11005230 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian leukosis virus Subgroup-J (ALV-J) is a rapidly oncogenic evolving retrovirus infecting a variety of avian species; causing severe economic losses to the local poultry industry. METHODS To investigate ALV-J, a total of 117 blood samples and 57 tissue specimens of different organs were collected for virological, and pathological identification, serological examinations, molecular characterization, and sequencing analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report recorded in broiler flocks in Egypt. The present study targets the prevalence of a viral tumor disease circulating in broiler flocks in the El-Sharqia, El-Dakahliya, and Al-Qalyubiyya Egyptian governorates from 2021 to 2023 using different diagnostic techniques besides ALV-J gp85 genetic diversity determination. RESULT We first isolated ALV-J on chicken embryo rough cell culture; showing aggregation, rounding, and degeneration. Concerning egg inoculation, embryonic death, stunting, and curling were observed. Only 79 serum samples were positive for ALV-J (67.52%) based on the ELISA test. Histopathological investigation showed tumors consist of uniform masses, usually well-differentiated myelocytes, lymphoid cells, or both in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the myelocytomatosis-positive signals were in the spleen, liver, and kidney. The PCR assay of ALV-J gp85 confirmed 545 base pairs with only 43 positive samples (75.4%). Two positive samples were sequenced and submitted to the Genbank with accession numbers (OR509852-OR509853). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gp85 gene showed that the ALV-J Dakahlia-2 isolate is genetically related to ALV-EGY/YA 2021.3, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.4, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.14, and ALV-EGY/YA 2021.9 with amino acid identity percentage 96%, 97%; 96%, 96%; respectively. Furthermore, ALV-J Sharqia-1 isolate is highly genetically correlated to ALV-EGY/YA 2021.14, and ALV-EGY/YA 2021.9, ALV-J isolate QL1, ALV-J isolate QL4, ALV-J isolate QL3, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.4 with amino acid identity percentage 97%, 97%; 98%, 97%, 97%, 95%; respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that ALV-J infection had still been prevalent in broilers in Egypt, and the genetic characteristics of the isolates are diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fotouh
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Mahmood Zanaty
- Gene Analysis Unit, Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry, Animal Health Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mostafa Darwesh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Qaluiobiya, Egypt
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Kannaki TR, Edigi P, Yalagandula N, Haunshi S. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of three oncogenic viral diseases of chicken by use of multiplex PCR. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1760-1765. [PMID: 33928832 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1914643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian oncogenic or tumor diseases are common in poultry industry causing significant economic loss. Marek's disease (MD), avian leukosis (AL) and Reticuloendotheliosis (RE) are the three major viral oncogenic infections that are difficult to differentiate with gross lesions. Multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation of these three viruses was developed and validated. The primers targeting the genes of pp38, pol and LTR for MDV, ALV and REV were designed to yield 206, 429, and 128 bp, respectively. The sensitivity of the PCR primers was checked with serial dilution of positive template DNA for each virus and found to be in the range of 10-5 to 10-7 of 1 µg/µl of initial template DNA. Out of 114 suspected tumor samples screened, 8 samples were positive for MDV, 13 samples were positive for ALV and 31 samples positive for REV. Five samples were positive for both MD and ALV; 3 samples were positive for MD and REV and 25 samples were positive for ALV and REV. Eight samples were positive for all three viruses. Multiplex PCR demonstrated to be a useful technique for simultaneous, rapid detection and differentiation of major tumor causing and immunosuppressive viral diseases of chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Kannaki
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Priyanka Edigi
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nishitha Yalagandula
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, P. V. Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Haunshi
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Schmidt V, Köhler H, Heenemann K, Möbius P. Mycobacteriosis in Various Pet and Wild Birds from Germany: Pathological Findings, Coinfections, and Characterization of Causative Mycobacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0045222. [PMID: 35852339 PMCID: PMC9430480 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00452-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 50 birds diagnosed with mycobacteriosis were examined for pathomorphological lesions, coinfections, and causative agents. Mycobacterial species were identified and isolates differentiated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit variable-number of tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis. Possible associations between mycobacterial species, pathomorphological findings, coinfections, bird orders, and husbandry conditions were evaluated statistically. Mycobacteria were isolated from 34 birds (13 of 22 Psittaciformes, 12 of 18 Passeriformes, five of six Columbiformes, and four other orders) belonging to 26 species in total. Mycobacterium genavense (Mg) was cultured from 15 birds, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) from 20 birds, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (Mah) from three birds; hence, four birds had mixed infections. About equal numbers of psittacines and passerines were infected with Ma and Mg. The genetic diversity differed; Mg isolates belonged to one MLST type, Maa to six, and Mah to three combined genotypes. Several coinfections were detected; viruses and/or endoparasites affected 44%, fungi 38%, and bacteria 29% of the birds. Pathological findings and mycobacteriosis-affected organs were independent of coinfections. Overall, gross pathological findings were more often seen in mycobacteriosis caused by Ma (95%) compared with Mg (66%). Organ distribution of mycobacteriosis was independent of the mycobacterial species. Pathomorphological changes were seen in the small intestine of 71% and the lung of 65% of the birds, suggesting oral or pulmonal ingestion of mycobacteria. There were no associations between mycobacterial species and bird orders or bird husbandry conditions. Not only Mg, but also Maa and Mah, were clearly identified as primary cause of mycobacteriosis in pet birds. IMPORTANCE In this study, the causative agents and confounding factors of mycobacteriosis in a set of pet and some wild birds from Germany were examined. Not only Mycobacterium genavense, but also M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis, contributed to mycobacteriosis in these birds. Various coinfections did not affect the manifestation of mycobacteriosis. Due to different gross necropsy findings, however, a different pathogenicity of the two species was assumed. New strains of M. avium subsp. hominissuis originating from birds were identified and characterized, which is important for epidemiological studies and for understanding the zoonotic role of this pathogen, as the subsp. hominissuis represents an increasing public health concern. The study provides some evidence of correlation between M. avium subsp. avium genotypes and virulence which will have to be confirmed by broader studies.
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Grants
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, University of Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University of Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Anmial Health), Jena, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schmidt
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Petra Möbius
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
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Qu G, Li Y, Zhao Z, Miao L, Wei F, Tang N, Xu Q, Nair V, Yao Y, Shen Z. Establishment and Application of a Real-Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for the Detection of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:847194. [PMID: 35873679 PMCID: PMC9301284 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.847194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV), belonging to the genus Alpharetrovirus of the family Retroviridae, is associated with benign and malignant tumors in hemopoietic cells in poultry. Although several methods have been developed for ALV detection, most of them are not suitable for rapid on-site testing due to instrument limitations, professional operators, or the low sensitivity of the method. Herein, we described the real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for rapid detection of ALV subgroup J (ALV-J). The major viral structural glycoprotein gp85, highly specific for the subgroup, was used as the molecular target for the real-time RPA assay. The results were obtained at 38°C within 20 min, with the detection sensitivity of 10 copies/μl of standard plasmid pMD18-T-gp85 as the template per reaction. Real-time RPA was capable of ALV-J-specific detection without cross-reaction with other non-targeted avian pathogens. Of the 62 clinical samples tested, the ALV-positive rates of real-time RPA, PCR, and real-time PCR were 66.13% (41/62), 59.68% (37/62), and 67.74% (42/62), respectively. The diagnostic agreement between real-time RPA and real-time PCR was 98.39% (61/62), and the kappa value was 0.9636. The developed real-time ALV-J assay seems promising for rapid and sensitive detection of ALV-J in diagnostic laboratories. It is suitable for on-site detection, especially in a poor resource environment, thus facilitating the prevention and control of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanggang Qu
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanggang Qu
| | - Yun Li
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Shandong Lvdu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Lizhong Miao
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
| | - Na Tang
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Yongxiu Yao
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Lvdu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
- Zhiqiang Shen
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Borodin AM, Emanuilova ZV, Smolov SV, Ogneva OA, Konovalova NV, Terentyeva EV, Serova NY, Efimov DN, Fisinin VI, Greenberg AJ, Alekseev YI. Eradication of avian leukosis virus subgroups J and K in broiler cross chickens by selection against infected birds using multilocus PCR. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269525. [PMID: 35749432 PMCID: PMC9231750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a serious threat to sustainable and economically viable commercial poultry management world-wide. Active infections can result in more than 20% flock loss, resulting in significant economic damage. ALV detection and elimination from flocks and breeding programs is complicated by high sequence variability and the presence of endogenous virus copies which show up as false positives in assays. Previously-developed approaches to virus detection are either too labor-intensive to implement on an industrial scale or suffer from high false negative or positive rates. We developed a novel multi-locus multiplex quantitative real-time PCR system to detect viruses belonging to the J and K genetic subgroups that are particularly prevalent in our region. We used this system to eradicate ALV from our broiler breeding program comprising thousands of individuals. Our approach can be generalized to other ALV subgroups and other highly genetically diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Borodin
- Breeding and Genetic Center Smena, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Bereznyaki, Russia
- Institute of Medical and Biological Research, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Zhanna V. Emanuilova
- Breeding and Genetic Center Smena, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Bereznyaki, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Smolov
- Breeding and Genetic Center Smena, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Bereznyaki, Russia
| | - Olga A. Ogneva
- Breeding and Genetic Center Smena, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Bereznyaki, Russia
| | | | | | - Natalia Y. Serova
- All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Poultry Science Branch of the Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D. N. Efimov
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute Russian Academy of Science, Sergiev Posad, Russia
| | - V. I. Fisinin
- Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute Russian Academy of Science, Sergiev Posad, Russia
| | | | - Yakov I. Alekseev
- Syntol LLC, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail: (AJG); (YIA)
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Wu XH, Yao ZQ, Zhao QQ, Chen S, Hu ZZ, Xie Z, Chen LY, Ji J, Chen F, Zhang XH, Xie QM. Development and application of a reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for subgroup J Avian leukosis virus. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101743. [PMID: 35240352 PMCID: PMC8889409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Subgroup J Avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is an important pathogen of poultry tumor diseases. Since its discovery, it has caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Thus, the rapid detection of molecular level with strong specificity is particularly important whether poultry are infected with ALV-J. In this study, we designed primers and probe for real-time fluorescent reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay (RT-RAA) based on the ALV-J gp85 sequence. We had established a real-time fluorescent RT-RAA method and confirmed this system by verifying the specificity and sensitivity of the primers and probe. In addition, repeatability tests and clinical sample regression tests were used for preliminary evaluation of this detection method. The sensitivity of established method was about 101 copies/μL, and the repeatability of the CV of the CT value is 4%, indicating repeatability is good. Moreover, there was no cross-reactivity with NDV, IBV, IBDV, H9N2, MDV, and REV, and other avian leukosis virus subgroups, such as subgroups A, B, C, D, K and E. Importantly, the real-time fluorescent RT-RAA completed the test within 30 min at a constant temperature of 41°C. Forty-two clinical samples with known background were tested, and the test results were coincided with 100%. Overall, these results suggested that the real-time fluorescent RT-RAA developed in this study had strong specificity, high sensitivity, and good feasibility. The method is simple, easy, and portable, that is suitable for clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and provides technical support for the prevention and control of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Wu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Z Q Yao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Q Q Zhao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - S Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Z Z Hu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Z Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - L Y Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - J Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, P. R. China
| | - F Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
| | - X H Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
| | - Q M Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China.
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Freick M, Schreiter R, Weber J, Vahlenkamp TW, Heenemann K. Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is highly prevalent in fancy-chicken flocks in Saxony. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1169-1174. [PMID: 35301570 PMCID: PMC8964621 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current prevalence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) in fancy chickens in Germany is unknown. Therefore, 537 cloacal swabs from 50 purebred fancy-chicken flocks in Saxony were tested for the presence of the ALV p27 protein using a commercial antigen-capture ELISA. The detection rate was 28.7% at the individual-animal level and 56.0% at the flock level. Phylogenetic analysis of PCR products obtained from 22 different flocks revealed the highest similarity to ALV subtype K. When classifying breeds by their origin, ALV detection rates differed significantly. Evaluation of questionnaire data revealed no significant differences between ALV-positive and negative flocks regarding mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freick
- Faculty Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry, HTW Dresden-University of Applied Sciences, Pillnitzer Platz 2, 01326, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ruben Schreiter
- ZAFT e.V.-Centre for Applied Research and Technology, Friedrich-List-Platz 1, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jim Weber
- Veterinary Practice Zettlitz, Straße der Jugend 68, 09306, Zettlitz OT Methau, Germany
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Veterinary Faculty, Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Heenemann
- Veterinary Faculty, Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Zhang M, Deng X, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Xie L, Luo S, Fan Q, Zeng T, Huang J, Wang S. Molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus in Guangxi Province, southern China, from 2018 to 2020. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e63. [PMID: 36038184 PMCID: PMC9523344 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes chicken infectious anemia, which results in immunosuppression; the virus has spread widely in chicken flocks in China. Objectives The aim of this study was to understand recent CAV genetic evolution in chicken flocks in Guangxi Province, southern China. Methods In total, 350 liver samples were collected from eight commercial broiler chicken farms in Guangxi Province in southern China from 2018 to 2020. CAV was detected by conventional PCR, and twenty CAV complete genomes were amplified and used for the phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis. Results The overall CAV-positive rate was 17.1%. The genetic analysis revealed that 84 CAVs were distributed in groups A, B, C (subgroups C1-C3) and D. In total, 30 of 47 Chinese CAV sequences from 2005-2020 belong to subgroup C3, including 15 CAVs from this study. There were some specific mutation sites among the intergenotypes in the VP1 protein. The amino acids at position 394Q in the VP1 protein of 20 CAV strains were consistent with the characteristics of a highly pathogenic strain. GX1904B was a putative recombinant. Conclusions Subgroup C3 was the dominant genotype in Guangxi Province from 2018–2020. The 20 CAV strains in this study might be virulent according to the amino acid residue analysis. These data help improve our understanding of the epidemiological trends of CAV in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
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10
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Nishitha Y, Priyanka E, Vamshi Krishna S, Kannaki TR. Co-infection of Marek's disease virus with different oncogenic immunosuppressive viruses in chicken flocks. Virusdisease 2021; 32:804-809. [PMID: 34901327 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic tumour diseases are major threat to poultry industry. Marek's disease (MD), avian leukosis (ALV) and reticulosendotheliosis virus (REV) are the major tumour causing immunosuppressive viral diseases of chicken. A total of 120 tissue samples presented with tumour lesions from different chicken flocks of coloured broiler, layer breeders and native chicken breeds were screened for MDV, ALV and REV by histopathology and virus specific PCRs individually. Presence of oncogenic viruses in the samples were screened by virus specific PCR. A total of 47 samples were detected either with single infection or dual infection with these viruses. Out of 47, 17 were detected with either one of the viruses and remaining 30 with any of the two viruses. REV was the major cause of tumour in the present samples followed by MDV. ALV was not detected alone, it was either with MD or REV. All 5 ALV positive samples were detected with ALV-E subtype. REV was detected predominantly (22 out of 25 positives) as single infection rather than co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishitha
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, P. V. Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - E Priyanka
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - S Vamshi Krishna
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, P. V. Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - T R Kannaki
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, P. V. Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
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11
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Yehia N, El-Sayed HS, Omar SE, Erfan A, Amer F. Genetic evolution of Marek's disease virus in vaccinated poultry farms. Vet World 2021; 14:1342-1353. [PMID: 34220140 PMCID: PMC8243665 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1342-1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a neoplastic disease causing serious economic losses in poultry production. This study aimed to investigate MDV occurrence in poultry flocks in the Lower Egypt during the 2020 breakout and genetically characterized Meq, gL, and ICP4 genes in field strains of MDV. Materials and Methods: Forty samples were collected from different breeds from eight Egyptian governorates in 2020. All flocks had received a bivalent vaccine (herpesvirus of turkey FC-126 + Rispens CVI988). However, weight loss, emaciation, reduced egg production, paralysis, and rough/raised feather follicles occurred. Samples were collected from feather follicles, liver, spleen, and nerve tissue for diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction. MDV genetic characterization was then performed by sequencing the Meq, gL, and ICP4 genes of five positive samples representing different governorates and breeds. Results: A total of 28 samples were positive for MDV field strains, while two were related to MDV vaccinal strains. All samples tested negative for ALV (A, B, C, D, and J) and REV. Phylogenetic analysis of the Meq gene of sequenced samples revealed that all MDVs were related to the highly virulent European viruses (Gallid herpesvirus 2 ATE and PC12/30) with high amino acid (A.A.) identity 99.2-100%. Alternatively, there was low A.A. identity with the vaccine strains CVI988 and 3004 (up to 82.5%). These results indicate that further investigation of the efficacy of current Egyptian vaccines is required. The Egyptian strains also harbor a specific mutation, allowing clustering into two subgroups (A and B). By mutation analysis of the Meq gene, the Egyptian viruses in our study had R101K, P217A, and E263D mutations present in all Egyptian viruses. Furthermore, R176A and T180A mutations specific to our strains contributed to the high virulence of highly virulent strains. There were no mutations of the gL or ICP4 genes. Conclusion: Further studies should evaluate the protection contributed by current vaccines used in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hemat S El-Sayed
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sabry E Omar
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Erfan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Fatma Amer
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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12
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Rapid detection of avian leukosis virus subgroup J by cross-priming amplification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10946. [PMID: 34040071 PMCID: PMC8155010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) causes oncogenic disease in chickens in China, resulting in great harm to poultry production, and remains widespread in China. Herein, we employed a cross-priming amplification (CPA) approach and a nucleic acid detection device to establish a visual rapid detection method for ALV-J. The sensitivity of CPA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was compared, and the three methods were used to detect ALV-J in the cell cultures which inoculated with clinical plasma. The result showed when the amplification reaction was carried out at 60 °C for just 60 min, the sensitivity of CPA was 10 times higher than conventional PCR, with high specificity, which was comparable with RT-PCR, based on detection of 123 cell cultures which inoculated with clinical plasma, the coincidence rate with real-time PCR was 97.3% (71/73). CPA detection of ALV-J does not require an expensive PCR instrument; a simple water bath or incubator is sufficient for complete DNA amplification, and the closed nucleic acid detection device avoids aerosol pollution, making judgment of results more intuitive and objective. The CPA assay would be a promising simple, rapid and sensitive method for identification of ALV-J.
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13
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Li J, Liu L, Niu X, Li J, Kang Z, Han C, Gao Y, Qi X, Wang Y, Wang X, Zeng X. Research Note: A novel recombinant subgroup E isolate of the avian leukosis virus with a subgroup B-like Gp85 region in China. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101137. [PMID: 34111609 PMCID: PMC8192698 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian leukosis virus (ALV) strain DL00766 was isolated from a farm in China. The phylogenetic analysis showed that env had the highest homology with the E subgroup reference strain, ranging from 94.5% to 94.9%, whereas gp85 had the highest homology with the B and E subgroups, which were 89.0% to 91.3% and 91.3% to 91.8%. In addition, point mutation analysis of gp85 showed that a 400 bp long fragment in gp85 of DL00766 had the highest homology with subgroup B, ranging from 90.1% to 97.5%, and only 82.7% to 83.1% with E subgroup. These results indicate, DL00766 may be an AVL subgroup E isolate with a subgroup B-like gp85 region. This is also the first finding that the E subgroup is used as a recombinant subject, and the subgroup B provides a recombinant virus of an exogenous gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiukuan Li
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhonghui Kang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chunyan Han
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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14
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Xu M, Mu X, Qian K, Shao H, Yao Y, Nair V, Wang J, Ye J, Qin A. Novel mutation of avian leukosis virus subgroup J from Tibetan chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100931. [PMID: 33518331 PMCID: PMC7936214 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan chickens are descendants of the ancestral red jungle fowl Gallus gallus. Very little is known about pathogens in Tibetan chickens living in the high-altitude environment. Here, we report for the first time the detection and isolation of avian leukosis virus from Tibetan chickens, with all the avian leukosis virus-positive samples belonging to subgroup J. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence revealed these viruses were in a new branch compared with previous reports. The 3'-end of the pol gene in the new strains showed 8-amino acid deletion, with 2 strains displaying a large-scale deletion in the hr2 region of gp85 protein. Among all the strains, several mutations in the primer binding site leader sequence and untranslated region, which came from Rous-associated virus, were identified. It is interesting that some of these mutations may have contributed to the competitive advantages to these isolates as observed from their increased replication in vitro. These results indicated that the virus isolates from Tibetan chickens can have competitive advantage over the other strains circulating in the poultry population in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moru Xu
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Mu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China.
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15
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Li H, Tan M, Zhang F, Ji H, Zeng Y, Yang Q, Tan J, Huang J, Su Q, Huang Y, Kang Z. Diversity of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in local chickens, Jiangxi, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4797. [PMID: 33637946 PMCID: PMC7910287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV) is one of the most severe diseases endangering the poultry industry. When the eradication measures performed in commercial broilers and layers have achieved excellent results, ALV in some local chickens has gradually attracted attention. Since late 2018, following the re-outbreak of ALV-J in white feather broilers in China, AL-like symptoms also suddenly broke out in some local flocks, leading to great economic losses. In this study, a systematic epidemiological survey was carried out in eight local chicken flocks in Jiangxi Province, China, and 71 strains were finally isolated from 560 samples, with the env sequences of them being successfully sequenced. All of those new isolates belong to subgroup J but they have different molecular features and were very different from the strains that emerged in white feature broilers recently, with some strains being highly consistent with those previously isolated from commercial broilers, layers and other flocks or even isolated from USA and Russian, suggesting these local chickens have been acted as reservoirs to accumulate various ALV-J strains for a long time. More seriously, phylogenetic analysis shows that there were also many novel strains emerging and in a separate evolutionary branch, indicating several new mutated ALVs are being bred in local chickens. Besides, ALV-J strains isolated in this study can be further divided into ten groups, while there were more or fewer groups in different chickens, revealing that ALV may cross propagate in those flocks. The above analyses explain the complex background and future evolution trend of ALV-J in Chinese local chickens, providing theoretical support for the establishment of corresponding prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifang Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huayuan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanbing Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiangnan Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China.
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16
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Molecular characteristics of subgroup J avian leukosis virus isolated from yellow breeder chickens in Guangdong, China, during 2016-2019. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104721. [PMID: 33444858 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Since 2005, subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) infection has been present in yellow chickens in Guangdong, China, causing severe economic losses to the local poultry industry. ALV-J is a rapidly evolving retrovirus. To investigate the molecular characteristics of ALV-J isolates from yellow breeder chickens in Guangdong, 17 virus strains were isolated from 6549 anticoagulants from clinically healthy birds between 2016 and 2019, and completely sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the gp85 gene showed that all isolated viruses were divided into three different branches. Notably, 41.2% (7/17) of the isolates shared a novel G2598A nucleotide mutation in the pol gene and caused the stop codon to be advanced by 8 positions. Nearly 200 nucleotides were deleted from the redundant TM (rTM) region in all strains, but all retained an intact direct repeat (DR1). 82.4% (14/17) of isolates contained a complete E element. Additionally, 29.4% (5/17) of isolates detected an 11 bp deletion in U3 region, and the AIB REP1 transcription factor is missing. The study indicated that ALV-J infection had still been prevalent in the yellow breeder chicken farms in Guangdong, and the genetic background of the strains is diverse. This study provides the latest data on the molecular characteristics of ALV-J, which will help to reveal the evolution trend of ALV-J and develop relevant prevention and control measures.
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17
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Zhou M, Ning S, Liu J, Waterhouse GI, Li L, Dong J, Ai S. Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on a Three-Dimensional Flower-Like Manganese Dioxide–Polyethyleneimine–Palladium Nanocomposite as the Signal Label for Detection of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1825463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shixue Ning
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Geoffrey I.N Waterhouse
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Li Li
- Shandong 5th Geo-mineral Prospecting Institute, Taian, China
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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18
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Wan X, Xu L, Sun X, Li H, Yan F, Han R, Li H, Li Z, Tian Y, Liu X, Kang X, Wang Z, Wang Y. Gut microbiota profiles of commercial laying hens infected with tumorigenic viruses. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:218. [PMID: 32600312 PMCID: PMC7324990 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that some viral infections cause structural changes in the intestinal microflora, but little is known about the effects of tumorigenic viral infection on the intestinal microflora of chickens. RESULTS A 29-week commercial layer flock positive for avian leukosis virus-J (ALV-J), Marek's disease virus (MDV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was selected, and fresh fecal samples were collected and examined for the composition of the gut microflora by Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the fecal microbiota differentiated the chickens infected with only ALV-J and those coinfected with ALV-J and MDV or REV from infection-negative chickens. The enrichment and diversity of cloacal microflora in chickens infected with ALV-J alone were slightly different from those in the infection-negative chickens. However, the diversity of cloacal microflora was significantly increased in chickens coinfected with both ALV-J and MDV or REV. CONCLUSIONS The intestinal microbiota was more strongly disturbed in chickens after coinfection with ALV-J and MDV or REV than after infection with ALV-J alone, and there may be underlying mechanisms by which the capacity for the stabilization of the intestinal flora was impaired due to viral infection and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Wan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Laipeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Key Laboratory of “Runliang” Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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19
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Yehia N, El-Sayed HS, Omar SE, Amer F. Genetic variability of the Avian leukosis virus subgroup J gp85 gene in layer flocks in Lower Egypt. Vet World 2020; 13:1065-1072. [PMID: 32801556 PMCID: PMC7396352 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1065-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to determine the prevalence of layer flock tumor disease in Lower Egypt during the period of 2018-2019 and to undertake molecular characterization and determine the genetic diversity of all identified viruses. Materials and Methods Forty samples were collected from layer chicken located in six governorates of Lower Egypt during the period of 2018-2019. Samples were taken from tumors in different organs. Tumor tissues were identified by histopathological sectioning and then further confirmed by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Finally, genetic evolution of Avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) gp85 gene was studied. Results All the study samples were negative for Marek's disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, ALV (A,B,C and D) and 20 samples were positive for ALV-J in backyard in six governrates. Sequencing of ALV-J gp85 gene was performed for six representative samples (one from each governorate), and they were found to be genetically related to prototype virus HPRS-1003 (identity percentage: 91.2-91.8%), but they were from a different group that was similar to the AF88-USA strain (first detected in 2000) with specific mutations, and they differed from a strain that was previously isolated in Egypt in 2005, forming two different subgroups (I and II) that had mutations in the hr1domain (V128F, R136A) and hr2 domain (S197G, E202K). Conclusion The ALV-J virus was the main cause of neoplastic disease in layer chickens from Lower Egypt in the period of 2018-2019. We found that the genetic evolution of ALV-J gp85 gene was related to prototype virus HPRS-1003 but in a different group with a specific mutation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the antigenicity and pathogenicity of recently detected ALV-J strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hemat S El-Sayed
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Sabry E Omar
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Fatma Amer
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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21
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Mu X, Xu M, Zhu S, Xiao W, Shen X, Qin A. Geese not susceptible to virulent subgroup J avian leukosis virus isolated from chickens. Avian Pathol 2019; 49:29-35. [PMID: 31429308 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1657559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether geese are susceptible to infection by avian leukosis virus (ALV), 702 serum samples from domestic and foreign goose breeds were screened for p27 antigen as well as being inoculated into DF-1 cell cultures to isolate ALV. Although 5.7% of samples were positive for p27 antigen, reactivity appeared to be non-specific because no ALV was detected in the corresponding DF-1 cultures. To further determine whether geese are susceptible to ALV-J isolated from chickens, ALV-J strain JS09GY7 was artificially inoculated into 10-day-old goose embryos, with one-day-old hatched goslings then screened for p27 antigen and the presence of ALV. In all cases, the results of both tests were negative. Liver tissues from the 1-day-old goslings were screened using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, which failed to amplify ALV-J gene fragments from any of the samples. Further, no histopathological damage was observed in the liver tissues. ALV-J was further inoculated intraperitoneally into one-day-old goslings, with cloacal swabs samples and plasma samples then collected every 5 days for 30 days. All samples were again negative for the presence of p27 antigen and ALV, and liver tissues from the challenged geese showed no histopathological damage and were negative for the presence of ALV-J gene fragments. Furthermore, p27 antigen detection, PCR-based screening, and indirect immunofluorescence assays were all negative following the infection of goose embryo fibroblasts with ALV-J. Together, these results confirm that virulent chicken-derived ALV-J strains cannot infect geese, and that p27 antigen detection in goose serum is susceptible to non-specific interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Moru Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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Li G, Yuan S, Yan T, Shan H, Cheng Z. Identification and characterization of chicken circovirus from commercial broiler chickens in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:6-10. [PMID: 31411792 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circoviruses are found in many species, including mammals, birds, lower vertebrates and invertebrates. To date, there are no reports of circovirus-induced diseases in chickens. In this study, we identified a new strain of chicken circovirus (CCV) by PacBio third-generation sequencing samples from chickens with acute gastroenteritis in a Shandong commercial broiler farm in China. The complete genome of CCV was verified by inverse PCR. Genomic analysis revealed that CCV codes two inverse open reading frames (ORFs), and a potential stem-loop structure was present at the 5' end with a structure typical of a circular virus. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CCV formed an independent branch between mammalian and avian circovirus, and homology analysis indicated that the homology of CCV with 21 other known circoviruses was less than 40%. Thus, this CCV strain represents a new species in the genus Circovirus. The infection rate of CCV in 12 chickens with diarrhoea was 100%, but no CCV was found in healthy chickens, thereby indicating that the novel CCV strain is highly associated with acute infectious gastroenteritis in chickens. The emergence of a novel CCV in commercial broiler chickens is highly concerning for the broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiyu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tianxing Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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23
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Feng M, Xie T, Li Y, Zhang N, Lu Q, Zhou Y, Shi M, Sun J, Zhang X. A balanced game: chicken macrophage response to ALV-J infection. Vet Res 2019; 50:20. [PMID: 30841905 PMCID: PMC6404279 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression in infected chickens. Macrophages play a central role in host defense against invading pathogens. In this study, we discovered an interesting phenomenon: ALV-J replication is weakened from 3 hours post-infection (hpi) to 36 hpi, which was verified using Western blotting and RT-PCR. To further investigate the interaction between ALV-J and macrophages, transcriptome analysis was performed to analyze the host genes’ function in chicken primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Compared to the uninfected control, 624 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEG) and 341 down-regulated DEG at 3 hpi, and 174 up-regulated DEG and 87 down-regulated DEG at 36 hpi were identified in chicken MDM, respectively. ALV-J infection induced strong innate immune responses in chicken MDM at 3 hpi, instead of 36 hpi, according to the analysis results of Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway. Importantly, the host factors, such as up-regulated MIP-3α, IL-1β, iNOS, K60, IRG1, CH25H, NFKBIZ, lysozyme and OASL were involved in the host defense response during the course of ALV-J infection. On the contrary, up-regulated EX-FABP, IL4I1, COX-2, NFKBIA, TNFAIP3 and the Jak STAT pathway inhibitors including CISH, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are beneficial to ALV-J survival in chicken macrophages. We speculated that ALV-J tropism for macrophages helps to establish a latent infection in chicken MDM from 6 to 36 hpi. The present study provides a comprehensive view of the interactions between macrophages and ALV-J. It suggests the mechanisms of defense of chicken macrophages against ALV-J invasion and how ALV-J escape the host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyuan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Zhou D, Xue J, Zhang Y, Wang G, Feng Y, Hu L, Shang Y, Cheng Z. Outbreak of myelocytomatosis caused by mutational avian leukosis virus subgroup J in China, 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:622-626. [PMID: 30548833 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was isolated in meat-type breeder chickens for the first time in 1988 in the United Kingdom. Due to the application of an eradication program, there were fewer reports related to myelocytomatosis or ALV-J in China after 2013. However, there was another breakout almost simultaneously in six provinces of China in February 2018. On-site, 15- to 20-week-old broiler breeder chickens showed depression, paralysis and weight loss. Mortality for certain flocks reached 15%. Sick chickens showed numerous yellow-white neoplasms growing in the sternum, rib and lumbar vertebra and had hepatic and renal metastasis. Histopathological observation showed all neoplasms were myelocytomas, and there were massive myelocyte-like tumour cells in the liver, kidney and bone marrow. To explore the aetiology of this re-outbreak of myelocytomatosis in China, we collected tumour-bearing chickens and isolated six strains of ALV-J (GM0209-1 to -6). Phylogenetic analysis of gp85 and gp37 showed GM0209 strains were clearly distinct from the prototype strain of ADOL-7501, HPRS-103 and NX0101, and there was a mutation, R176G, in the conserved region between hr1 and hr2 regions of gp85, which was not found in other 44 ALV-J strains. The 3'UTR nucleotide sequences of GM0209 isolates showed there was a signature deletion of 11 nt that was also present in 3'UTR sequences of SCDY1 and NHH, two isolates that have a reported association with haemangioma, indicating this deletion could not determine the tumour type induced by ALV-J. Although the eradication program of ALV-J has been successfully applied in China, the outbreak of ALV-J still occurred, and the virus strain spread quickly. Thus, the biocharacteristics and pathogenesis of mutational ALV-J should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongsheng Feng
- Animal husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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25
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Shittu I, Adedeji AJ, Luka PD, Asala OO, Sati NM, Nwagbo IO, Chinyere CN, Arowolo OO, Adole JA, Emennaa P, Abdu PA, Joannis TM. Avian leukosis virus subgroup - J as a contaminant in live commercially available poultry vaccines distributed in Nigeria. Biologicals 2018; 57:29-33. [PMID: 30454953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, vaccines are used to prevent and control the menace of infectious diseases in livestock with some reported to be inadvertently contaminated with extraneous agents (EAs). With the aim of screening and characterizing for some selected EAs, 44 live viral poultry vaccines were randomly selected based on availability. The vaccines comprised 14 manufacturers in 10 different countries including Nigeria were screened by Polymerase Chain Reaction. In 9% (4/44) of the vaccines, contamination with only avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J (ALV-J) was recorded. Other exogenous ALV subgroups, chicken infectious anemia and infectious laryngotracheitis viruses were absent. The EAs was found in infectious bursal disease (n = 1), Fowlpox (n = 2) and Mareks disease (n = 1) vaccines. Phylogenetic analysis of the ALV-J env gene showed clustering with contemporary group I and II. The result underscores the importance of screening vaccines to avoid the introduction and spread of EAs that could pose a threat to poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila Shittu
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria.
| | | | - Pam D Luka
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - Nancy M Sati
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma O Nwagbo
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Jolly A Adole
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - Paul A Abdu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Tony M Joannis
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
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26
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Qiu L, Chang G, Li Z, Bi Y, Liu X, Chen G. Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Competing Endogenous RNA Networks During Avian Leukosis Virus, Subgroup J-Induced Tumorigenesis in Chickens. Front Physiol 2018; 9:996. [PMID: 30093865 PMCID: PMC6070742 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that induces myeloid tumors and hemangiomas in chickens and causes severe economic losses with commercial layer chickens and meat-type chickens. High-throughput sequencing followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and bioinformatics analyses were performed to advance the understanding of regulatory networks associated with differentially expressed non-coding RNAs and mRNAs that facilitate ALV-J infection. We examined the expression of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and miRNAs in the spleens of 20-week-old chickens infected with ALV-J and uninfected chickens. We found that 1723 mRNAs, 7,883 lncRNAs and 13 miRNAs in the spleen were differentially expressed between the uninfected and infected groups (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that, compared to mRNA, chicken lncRNAs shared relatively fewer exon numbers and shorter transcripts. Through competing endogenous RNA and co-expression network analyses, we identified several tumor-associated or immune-related genes and lncRNAs. Along transcripts whose expression levels significantly decreased in both ALV-J infected spleen and tumor tissues, BCL11B showed the greatest change. These results suggest that BCL11B may be mechanistically involved in tumorigenesis in chicken and neoplastic diseases, may be related to immune response, and potentially be novel biomarker for ALV-J infection. Our results provide new insight into the pathology of ALV-J infection and high-quality transcriptome resource for in-depth study of epigenetic influences on disease resistance and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiteng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Bi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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27
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Li G, Yuan S, He M, Zhao M, Hao X, Song M, Zhang L, Qiao C, Huang L, Zhang L, Li C, Wang G, Cheng Z. Emergence of gyrovirus 3 in commercial broiler chickens with transmissible viral proventriculitis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1170-1174. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an China
| | - Shiyu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an China
| | - Menglian He
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an China
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Vocational-technical school of Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Weifang China
| | - Manda Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Vocational-technical school of Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Weifang China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Qindao husbandry and Veterinary Institute; Qingdao China
| | - Minxun Song
- Poultry Institute of Shandong Agricultural Science Academy; Jinan China
| | - Lingjuan Zhang
- Animal Diseases Control and Prevention Center in Penglai; Yantai China
| | | | - Libo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an China
| | - Chengui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an China
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an China
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28
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Praharaj MR, Sahoo AP, Chauhan TKS, Gandham RK, Saxena S, Agarwal RK, Dhama K, Mishra B, Marriappan AK, Tiwari AK, Goswami PP, Mishra BP, Kumar D. In vitro study on role of σB protein in avian reovirus pathogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19569-19583. [PMID: 29731966 PMCID: PMC5929409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reoviruses, members of Orthoreovirus genus was known to cause diseases like tenosynovitis, runting-stunting syndrome in chickens. Among eight structural proteins, the proteins of S-class are mainly associated with viral arthritis but the significance of σB protein in arthritis is not established till date. In this infection pathological condition together with infection of joints often leads to arthritis because joints consists of cartilage which forms lubricating surface between two bones, and has limited metabolic, replicative and repair capacity. To establish the role of σB protein in arthritis, an in-vitro microarray study was conducted consisting four groups viz. virus infected and control; pDsRed-Express-N1-σB and empty pDs-Red transfected, CEF cells. With cut-off value as FC ≥2, p value <0.05, 6709 and 4026 numbers of DEGs in virus and σB, respectively were identified. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis gave an idea about the involvement of σB protein in "osteoarthritis pathway", which was activated with z-score with 3.151. The pathway "Role of IL-17A in arthritis pathway" was also enriched with -log (p-value) 1.64. Among total 122 genes involved in osteoarthritis pathway, 28 upregulated and 11 downregulated DEGs were common to both virus and σB treated cells. Moreover, 14 upregulated and 7 downregulated were unique in σB transfected cells. Using qRT-PCR for IL-1B, BMP2, SMAD1, SPP1 genes, the microarray data was validated. We concluded that during ARV infection σB protein, if not fully partially leads to molecular alteration of various genes of host orchestrating the different molecular pattern in joints, leading to tenosynovitis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R Praharaj
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya P Sahoo
- ICAR- Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tapan K S Chauhan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi K Agarwal
- Division of Livestock Product Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Avian Disease Section, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asok K Marriappan
- Avian Disease Section, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puroshottam Prasad Goswami
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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29
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Ahmed H, Mays J, Kiupel M, Dunn JR. Development of reliable techniques for the differential diagnosis of avian tumour viruses by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Avian Pathol 2018. [PMID: 29533078 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1451620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A variety of techniques have been developed as diagnostic tools for the differential diagnosis of tumours produced by Marek's disease virus from those induced by avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus. However, most current techniques are unreliable when used in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, which often is the only sample type available for definitive diagnosis. A collection of tumours was generated by the inoculation of different strains of Marek's disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus or avian leukosis virus singularly or in combination. FFPE tissue sections from tumour and non-tumour tissues were analysed by optimized immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques and traditional as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with newly designed primers ideal for DNA fragmented by fixation. IHC and PCR results were highly sensitive and specific in tissues from single-infected birds. Virus quantity was higher in tumours compared to non-tumour spleens from Marek's disease (MD) virus-infected birds. Thus, using FFPE sections alone may be sufficient for the diagnosis of MD by demonstration of high quantities of viral antigens or genome in tumour cells, along with the absence of other tumour viruses by traditional PCR, and if standard criteria are met based on clinical history and histology. IHC furthermore allowed detection of the specific cells that were infected with different viruses in tumours from birds that had been inoculated simultaneously with multiple viruses. Following validation with field samples, these new protocols can be applied for both diagnostic and research purposes to help accurately identify avian tumour viruses in routine FFPE tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husnain Ahmed
- a Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, US Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service , East Lansing , MI , USA.,b Department of Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology , College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Jody Mays
- a Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, US Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- c Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , Michigan State University , Lansing , MI , USA
| | - John R Dunn
- a Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, US Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service , East Lansing , MI , USA
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30
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Murakami T, Sassa Y. Pleomorphic Malignant Mesothelioma in a Broiler Breeder Infected with Avian Leucosis Virus Subgroup J. J Comp Pathol 2018; 160:50-55. [PMID: 29729721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avian leucosis virus (ALV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that induces tumours including lymphoid leucosis and myeloid leucosis. Pleomorphic malignant mesothelioma and myelocytoma, which were thought to be induced by ALV subgroup J (ALV-J) infection, were identified in a 432-day-old broiler breeder. The bird showed no clinical signs; however, at necropsy examination there were multiple nodules in the alimentary tract. Microscopical analysis showed that these consisted of pleomorphic cells and myelocyte-like cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the pleomorphic cells were atypical and expressed cytokeratin, vimentin, c-kit, calretinin and ALV. The myelocyte-like cells were also positive for ALV. Retroviral type C particles were observed by electron microscopy. ALV-E and ALV-J nucleotide sequences were detected in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded small intestinal tissue. Based on these results, the tumours were diagnosed as pleomorphic malignant mesothelioma and myelocytoma and were thought to have been induced by ALV-J infection. This is the first report of malignant mesothelioma associated with naturally acquired ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Sassa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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Niu Y, Sun Q, Zhu M, Zhao J, Zhang G, Liu X, Xiao Y, Liu S. Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of fowl adenoviruses caused hydropericardium outbreak in China during 2015. Poult Sci 2018; 97:803-811. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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32
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Smith LP, Petheridge L, Nair V, Wood A, Welchman D. Avian leukosis virus subgroup J-associated myelocytoma in a hobby chicken. Vet Rec 2018; 182:23. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine P Smith
- Avian Oncogenic Viruses Group; Pirbright Institute; Pirbright UK
| | | | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Oncogenic Viruses Group; Pirbright Institute; Pirbright UK
| | - Alisdair Wood
- International Research Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA); Penicuik UK
| | - David Welchman
- Surveillance Intelligence Unit; Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA); Winchester UK
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Khordadmehr M, Firouzamandi M, Zehtab-Najafi M, Shahbazi R. Naturally Occurring Co-infection of Avian Leukosis Virus (subgroups A-E) and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Green Peafowls (Pavo muticus). BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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ALV-J infection induces chicken monocyte death accompanied with the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99889-99900. [PMID: 29245947 PMCID: PMC5725138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) causes serious reproduction problems and secondary infections in chickens. Given that monocytes are important precursors of immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells, we investigated the fate of chicken monocytes after ALV-J infection. Our results indicated that most monocytes infected with ALV-J including field or laboratory strains could not successfully differentiate into macrophages due to cells death. And cells death was dependent upon viral titer and accompanied with increased IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA levels. In addition, ALV-J infection up-regulated caspase-1 and caspase-3 activity in monocytes. Collectively, we found that ALV-J could cause cell death in chicken monocytes, especially pyroptosis, which may be a significant reason for ALV-J induced immunosuppression.
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35
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Full-length genome sequence analysis of four subgroup J avian leukosis virus strains isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma. Virus Genes 2017; 53:868-875. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Sun Y, Du T, Liu B, Syed SF, Chen Y, Li H, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhou EM, Zhao Q. Seroprevalence of avian hepatitis E virus and avian leucosis virus subgroup J in chicken flocks with hepatitis syndrome, China. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:261. [PMID: 27876045 PMCID: PMC5120538 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background From 2014 to 2015 in China, many broiler breeder and layer hen flocks exhibited a decrease in egg production and some chickens developed hepatitis syndrome including hepatomegaly, hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage. Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) and avian leucosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) both cause decreasing in egg production, hepatomegaly and hepatic hemorrhage in broiler breeder and layer hens. In the study, the seroprevalence of avian HEV and ALV-J in these flocks emerging the disease from Shandong and Shaanxi provinces were investigated. Results A total of 1995 serum samples were collected from 14 flocks with hepatitis syndrome in Shandong and Shaanxi provinces, China. Antibodies against avian HEV and ALV-J in these serum samples were detected using iELISAs. The seroprevalence of anti-avian HEV antibodies (35.09%) was significantly higher than that of anti-ALV-J antibodies (2.16%) (p = 0.00). Moreover, the 43 serum samples positive for anti-ALV-J antibodies were all also positive for anti-avian HEV antibodies. In a comparison of both provinces, Shandong chickens exhibited a significantly higher seroprevalence of anti-avian HEV antibodies (42.16%) than Shaanxi chickens (26%) (p = 0.00). In addition, the detection of avian HEV RNA and ALV-J cDNA in the liver samples from the flocks of two provinces also showed the same results of the seroprevalence. Conclusions In the present study, the results showed that avian HEV infection is widely prevalent and ALV-J infection is endemic in the flocks with hepatitis syndrome from Shandong and Shaanxi provinces of China. These results suggested that avian HEV infection may be the major cause of increased egg drop and hepatitis syndrome observed during the last 2 years in China. These results should be useful to guide development of prevention and control measures to control the diseases within chicken flocks in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0892-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Taofeng Du
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shahid Faraz Syed
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Feng M, Tan Y, Dai M, Li Y, Xie T, Li H, Shi M, Zhang X. Endogenous Retrovirus ev21 Dose Not Recombine with ALV-J and Induces the Expression of ISGs in the Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:140. [PMID: 27826543 PMCID: PMC5078265 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression. Endogenous viruses integrate into host genomes and can recombine with exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV). In this study, we analyzed the interaction of endogenous retrovirus 21 (ev21) with the ALV-J in late-feathering Chinese yellow chicken. Two ALV-J strains M180 and K243 were isolated from late-feathering and fast-feathering Chinese yellow chicken flocks, respectively. The env gene of the two strains showed 94.2-94.8% nucleotide identity with reference ALV-J strains. Compared with the env gene and the LTR of ev21 and M180, the nucleotide identity of LTR was 69.7% and env gene was 58.4%, respectively, especially the amino acid identity of env gene as low as 14.2%. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the env gene and the 3'LTR showed that M180 was closely related to ALV-J, and was located in a distinct group with ev21 in the phylogenetic tree. Using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), we next demonstrate that the envelope protein of ev21 does not interact with the M180 envelope protein. We further show that the envelope protein of ev21 cannot activate ALV-J LTR promoter activity using luciferase-reporter assays. qPCR and western blot analysis revealed that envelope protein of endogenous ev21 can facilitate the expression of PKR at 6h post ALV-J infection (hpi) and facilitate the expression of ISG12 and CH25H at 24 hpi. However, the expression of the env gene of M180 strain was not significantly at 6 and 24 hpi. We conclude that there is no evidence of recombination between endogenous retrovirus ev21 and ALV-J strain M180 in late-feathering Chinese yellow chicken, and envelope protein of ev21 can affect the expression of host ISGs, but appears not to influence the replication of ALV-J strain M180. This is the first report of interaction among the endogenous retrovirus ev21, ALV-J and the late-feathering chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Manman Dai
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
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38
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Niu YJ, Sun W, Zhang GH, Qu YJ, Wang PF, Sun HL, Xiao YH, Liu SD. Hydropericardium syndrome outbreak caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 in China in 2015. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2684-2690. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-juan Niu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Gui-hua Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Ya-jin Qu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Peng-fei Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Hong-lei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi-hong Xiao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Si-dang Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
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39
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Devaney R, Trudgett J, Trudgett A, Meharg C, Smyth V. A metagenomic comparison of endemic viruses from broiler chickens with runting-stunting syndrome and from normal birds. Avian Pathol 2016; 45:616-629. [PMID: 27215546 PMCID: PMC7113909 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1193123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) in broiler chickens is an enteric disease that causes significant economic losses to poultry producers worldwide due to elevated feed conversion ratios, decreased body weight during growth, and excessive culling. Of specific interest are the viral agents associated with RSS which have been difficult to fully characterize to date. Past research into the aetiology of RSS has implicated a wide variety of RNA and DNA viruses however, to date, no individual virus has been identified as the main agent of RSS and the current opinion is that it may be caused by a community of viruses, collectively known as the virome. This paper attempts to characterize the viral pathogens associated with 2–3-week-old RSS-affected and unaffected broiler chickens using next-generation sequencing and comparative metagenomics. Analysis of the viromes identified a total of 20 DNA and RNA viral families, along with 2 unidentified categories, comprised of 31 distinct viral genera and 7 unclassified genera. The most abundant viral families identified in this study were the Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Coronaviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae. This study has identified historically significant viruses associated with the disease such as chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus, chicken parvovirus, and chicken calicivirus along with relatively novel viruses such as chicken megrivirus and sicinivirus 1 and will help expand the knowledge related to enteric disease in broiler chickens, provide insights into the viral constituents of a healthy avian gut, and identify a variety of enteric viruses and viral communities appropriate for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Devaney
- a School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | - Alan Trudgett
- a School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Caroline Meharg
- a School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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40
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Molecular epidemiology of J-subgroup avian leukosis virus isolated from meat-type chickens in southern China between 2013 and 2014. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3039-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Feng M, Dai M, Cao W, Tan Y, Li Z, Shi M, Zhang X. ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 induces innate immune responses in chicken primary monocyte-derived macrophages. Poult Sci 2016; 96:42-50. [PMID: 27486255 PMCID: PMC5161024 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leucosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) can cause lifelong infection and can escape from the host immune defenses in chickens. Since macrophages act as the important defense line against invading pathogens in host innate immunity, we investigated the function and innate immune responses of chicken primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) after ALV-J infection in this study. Our results indicated that ALV-J was stably maintained in MDM cells but that the viral growth rate was significantly lower than that in DF-1 cells. We also found that ALV-J infection significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) production, but had no effect on MDM phagocytic capacity. Interestingly, infection with ALV-J rapidly promoted the expression levels of Myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx) (3 h, 6 h), ISG12 (6 h), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (3 h, 12 h) at an early infection stage, whereas it sharply decreased the expression of Mx (24 h, 36 h), ISG12 (36 h), and made little change on IL-1β (24 h, 36 h) production at a late infection stage in MDM cells. Moreover, the protein levels of interferon-β (IFN-β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) had sharply increased in infected MDM cells from 3 to 36 h post infection (hpi) of ALV-J. And, the protein level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was dramatically decreased at 36 hpi in MDM cells infected with ALV-J. These results demonstrate that ALV-J can induce host innate immune responses and we hypothesize that macrophages play an important role in host innate immune attack and ALV-J immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
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42
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Zhou D, Wang M, Dong J, Ai S. A Novel Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Detection of Subgroup J of Avian Leukosis Viruses. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Hausmann JC, Mans C, Gosling A, Miller JL, Chamberlin T, Dunn JR, Miller PE, Sladky KK. Bilateral Uveitis and Hyphema in a Catalina Macaw (Ara ararauna×Ara macao) With Multicentric Lymphoma. J Avian Med Surg 2016; 30:172-8. [DOI: 10.1647/2015-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Feng M, Dai M, Xie T, Li Z, Shi M, Zhang X. Innate Immune Responses in ALV-J Infected Chicks and Chickens with Hemangioma In Vivo. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:786. [PMID: 27252695 PMCID: PMC4879323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression. Since the precise mechanism of the innate immune response induced by ALV-J is unknown, we investigated the antiviral innate immune responses induced by ALV-J in chicks and chickens that had developed tumors. Spleen levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1β, and interferon-β (IFN-β) were not significantly different between the infected chick groups and the control groups from 1 day post hatch to 7 days post hatch. However, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-β protein levels in the three clinical samples with hemangiomas were dramatically increased compared to the healthy samples. In addition, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased sharply in two of three clinical samples. We also found a more than 20-fold up-regulation of ISG12-1 mRNA at 1 day post infection (d.p.i.) and a twofold up-regulation of ZC3HAV1 mRNA at 4 d.p.i. However, there were no statistical differences in ISG12-1 and ZC3HAV1 mRNA expression levels in the tumorigenesis phase. ALV-J infection induced a significant increase of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) at 1 d.p.i. and dramatically increased the mRNA levels of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) in the tumorigenesis phase. Moreover, the protein levels of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) were decreased in chickens with tumors. These results suggest that ALV-J was primarily recognized by chicken TLR7 and MDA5 at early and late in vivo infection stages, respectively. ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 did not induce any significant antiviral innate immune response in 1 week old chicks. However, interferon-stimulated genes were not induced normally during the late phase of ALV-J infection due to a reduction of IRF1 and STAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park MD, USA
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
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Yi J, Delp MS, Gilbert ER, Siegel PB, Cline MA. Anorexia is Associated with Stress-Dependent Orexigenic Responses to Exogenous Neuropeptide Y. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26924179 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chicken lines that have been divergently selected for either low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight at 56 days of age for more than 57 generations have different feeding behaviours in response to a range of i.c.v. injected neurotransmitters. The LWS have different severities of anorexia, whereas the HWS become obese. Previously, we demonstrated that LWS chicks did not respond, whereas HWS chicks increased food intake, after central injection of neuropeptide Y (NPY). The present study aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the loss of orexigenic function of NPY in LWS. Chicks were divided into four groups: stressed LWS and HWS on day of hatch, and control LWS and HWS. The stressor was a combination of food deprivation and cold exposure. On day 5 post-hatch, each chick received an i.c.v. injection of vehicle or 0.2 nmol of NPY. Only the LWS stressed group did not increase food intake in response to i.c.v. NPY. Hypothalamic mRNA abundance of appetite-associated factors was measured at 1 h post-injection. Interactions of genetic line, stress and NPY treatment were observed for the mRNA abundance of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1). Intracerebroventricular injection of NPY decreased and increased AgRP and SYT1 mRNA, respectively, in the stressed LWS and increased AgRP mRNA in stressed HWS chicks. Stress was associated with increased NPY, orexin receptor 2, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 1, melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression. In conclusion, the loss of responsiveness to exogenous NPY in stressed LWS chicks may be a result of the decreased and increased hypothalamic expression of AgRP and MC3R, respectively. This may induce an intensification of anorexigenic melanocortin signalling pathways in LWS chicks that block the orexigenic effect of exogenous NPY. These results provide insights onto the anorexic condition across species, and especially for forms of inducible anorexia such as human anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M S Delp
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - E R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - P B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Arshad SS, Smith LM, Howes K, Russell PH, Venugopal K, Payne LN. Tropism of subgroup J avian leukosis virus as detected by in situ hybridization. Avian Pathol 2016; 28:163-9. [PMID: 26911502 DOI: 10.1080/03079459994894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The HPRS-103 strain of avian retrovirus is the prototype of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) and causes myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. Using immunohistochemical detection of the viral groupspecific antigen (Gag) we have previously demonstrated that the induction of myeloid leukosis by ALV-J is associated with viral tropism for myelomonocytic cells. In this paper we describe an in situ hybridization (ISH) technique using digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled probes for detecting RNA transcripts in tissues from chickens infected with avian leukosis viruses (ALV) of subgroups J (HPRS-103 strain) and A (RAV-1 strain). Virus-specific RNA was detected mainly in the heart, kidney, proventriculus and adrenal in locations similar to those of the Gag protein. Viral gene expression could not be detected in the bone marrow or tumour tissues using this test. Higher levels of viral gene expression in the bursa of Fabricius infected with RAV-1, but not with HPRS-103, might help explain the inability of the latter virus to induce lymphoid leukosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Arshad
- a Institute for Animal Health , Compton , Newbury , Berkshire , RG20 7NN , UK
| | - L M Smith
- a Institute for Animal Health , Compton , Newbury , Berkshire , RG20 7NN , UK
| | - K Howes
- a Institute for Animal Health , Compton , Newbury , Berkshire , RG20 7NN , UK
| | - P H Russell
- b Department of Pathology & Infectious Diseases , The Royal Veterinary College , Royal College Street , London , NW1 0TU , UK
| | - K Venugopal
- a Institute for Animal Health , Compton , Newbury , Berkshire , RG20 7NN , UK
| | - L N Payne
- a Institute for Animal Health , Compton , Newbury , Berkshire , RG20 7NN , UK
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Liu XL, Shan WJ, Jia LJ, Yang X, Zhang JJ, Wu YR, Xu FZ, Li JN. Avian leukosis virus subgroup J triggers caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response in chick livers. Virus Res 2016; 215:65-71. [PMID: 26811903 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many pathogens trigger caspase-1-mediated innate immune responses. Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) causes serious immunosuppression and diverse tumors in chicks. The caspase-1 inflammasome mechanism of response to ALV-J invading remains unclear. Here we investigated the expression of caspase-1, the inflammasome adaptor NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 in response to ALV-J infection in the liver of chick. We found caspase-1 mRNA expression was elevated at 5 dpi and peaked at 7 dpi in ALV-J infected animals. Corresponding to this, the expressions of NLRP3 and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased at 5 or 7 dpi. In addition, caspase-1 protein expression and inflammatory cell infiltration were induced after virus infection. These results indicated that ALV-J infection could trigger the caspase-1- mediated inflammatory response in chicks. Thus, an understanding of the inflammatory responses can provide a better insight into the pathogenicity of ALV-J and a possible anti-virus target for ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-lan Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130Changjiang Ave, Hefei 230036, Anhui China.
| | - Wen-jie Shan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130Changjiang Ave, Hefei 230036, Anhui China
| | - Li-juan Jia
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130Changjiang Ave, Hefei 230036, Anhui China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130Changjiang Ave, Hefei 230036, Anhui China
| | - Jin-jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130Changjiang Ave, Hefei 230036, Anhui China
| | - Ya-rong Wu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130Changjiang Ave, Hefei 230036, Anhui China
| | - Fa-zhi Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130Changjiang Ave, Hefei 230036, Anhui China
| | - Jin-nian Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130Changjiang Ave, Hefei 230036, Anhui China
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48
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Wang LC, Lin DY, Thong W, Wang CH. MULTIPLEX REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR CHICKEN TUMOR VIRUS DETECTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s168264851550016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor diseases occur frequently in chickens causing a great economic loss. Infected chickens’ pathological lesions are not pathognomonic. This study developed an accurate diagnosis for tumor diseases in chickens. Specific primers to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), avian leucosis virus subgroup A (ALV-A), avian leucosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) were combined into one tube with a single step multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) performed to amplify the genes from each virus. A total of 117 sample pools containing blood and tissues were collected from chickens. Three of these pools (2.6%) showed REV positive, 22 (18.8%) ALV-J positive, 1 (0.8%) ALV-A positive, and 3 (2.6%) MDV positive. A total of 268 blood samples were used to compare the viral RNA detection from plasma using RT-PCR and provirus DNA from buffy coat using PCR. The result showed no difference from both tests. In conclusion, the present mRT-PCR could be used for tumor virus detections in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Chiann Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuh Lin
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 112 Muchang Road Xinhua District, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan
| | - Wei Thong
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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49
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Peng H, Qin L, Bi Y, Wang P, Zou G, Li J, Yang Y, Zhong X, Wei P. Rapid detection of the common avian leukosis virus subgroups by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Virol J 2015; 12:195. [PMID: 26596553 PMCID: PMC4657318 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subgroups A, B, E and J are the major subgroups of avian leukosis virus (ALV) infecting chickens. ALV infection has become endemic in China and has a significant negative effect on the poultry industry. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a specific, sensitive and rapid method for diagnosis and eradication of ALV. Therefore, we developed a simple and rapid real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for the timely detection of the common ALV subgroups, whereby the amplification can be obtained in 35 min under isothermal conditions at 63 °C, ability to specific, sensitive and rapid detect all the common ALV subgroups. Methods A set of four specific primers was designed to target the sequences of the pol gene of ALV, and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay were developed and compared with PCR and virus isolation methods. Results The results from specificity of the LAMP assay showed that only target ALVs DNA was amplified. The LAMP assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 20 copies/reaction of ALV DNA, which was 10 times higher than the conventional PCR measurement. To further evaluate the reliability of the method, the assay was evaluated with ALV DNA from a panel of 81 clinical samples suspected of ALV infection. The results verify that the LAMP method was more sensitive than the conventional PCR and virus isolation method. Conclusion In conclusion, the developed LAMP assay was a simple, inexpensive, sensitive method for the rapid detection of the most common subgroups of ALV, and it provided a useful and practical tool in the eradication program for ALV in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai Bei Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Lili Qin
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Yuyu Bi
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Peikun Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Guangzhen Zou
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai Bei Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Yongli Yang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Xingfu Zhong
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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50
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Li Z, Chen B, Feng M, Ouyang H, Zheng M, Ye Q, Nie Q, Zhang X. MicroRNA-23b Promotes Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J (ALV-J) Replication by Targeting IRF1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10294. [PMID: 25980475 PMCID: PMC4434839 DOI: 10.1038/srep10294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) can cause several different leukemia-like proliferative diseases in the hemopoietic system of chickens. Here, we investigated the transcriptome profiles and miRNA expression profiles of ALV-J-infected and uninfected chicken spleens to identify the genes and miRNAs related to ALV-J invasion. In total, 252 genes and 167 miRNAs were differentially expressed in ALV-J-infected spleens compared to control uninfected spleens. miR-23b expression was up-regulated in ALV-J-infected spleens compared with the control spleens, and transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was down-regulated in ALV-J-infected spleens compared to uninfected spleens. A dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that IRF1 was a direct target of miR-23b. miR-23b overexpression significantly (P = 0.0022) decreased IRF1 mRNA levels and repressed IRF1-3′-UTR reporter activity. In vitro experiments revealed that miR-23b overexpression strengthened ALV-J replication, whereas miR-23b loss of function inhibited ALV-J replication. IRF1 overexpression inhibited ALV-J replication, and IRF1 knockdown enhanced ALV-J replication. Moreover, IRF1 overexpression significantly (P = 0.0014) increased IFN-β expression. In conclusion, these results suggested that miR-23b may play an important role in ALV-J replication by targeting IRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Li
- 1] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China [2] Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Chen
- 1] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China [2] Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Feng
- 1] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China [2] Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjia Ouyang
- 1] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China [2] Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- 1] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China [2] Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- 1] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China [2] Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- 1] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China [2] Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- 1] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China [2] Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
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