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Ma Z, Tian X, Yu S, Shu W, Zhang C, Zhang L, Wang F. Liver Fibrosis Amelioration by Macrophage-Biomimetic Polydopamine Nanoparticles via Synergistically Alleviating Inflammation and Scavenging ROS. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3040-3052. [PMID: 38767388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The progression of liver fibrosis is determined by the interaction of damaged hepatocytes, active hepatic stellate cells, and macrophages, contributing to the development of oxidative stress and inflammatory environments within the liver. Unfortunately, the current pharmacological treatment for liver fibrosis is limited by its inability to regulate inflammation and oxidative stress concurrently. In this study, we developed a cell membrane biomaterial for the treatment of liver fibrosis, which we designated as PM. PM is a biomimetic nanomaterial constructed by encapsulating polydopamine (PDA) with a macrophage membrane (MM). It is hypothesized that PM nanoparticles (NPs) can successfully target the site of inflammation, simultaneously inhibit inflammation, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro experiments demonstrated that PM NPs exhibited strong antioxidant properties and the ability to neutralize pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Moreover, the capacity of PM NPs to safeguard cells from oxidative stress and their anti-inflammatory efficacy in an inflammatory model were validated in subsequent cellular experiments. Additionally, PM NPs exhibited a high biocompatibility. In a mouse model of hepatic fibrosis, PM NPs were observed to aggregate efficiently in the fibrotic liver, displaying excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Notably, PM NPs exhibited superior targeting, anti-inflammatory, and ROS scavenging abilities in inflamed tissues compared to MM, PDA, or erythrocyte membrane-encapsulated PDA. Under the synergistic effect of anti-inflammation and antioxidant, PM NPs produced significant therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis in mice. In conclusion, the synergistic alleviation of inflammation and ROS scavenging by this specially designed nanomaterial, PM NPs, provides valuable insights for the treatment of liver fibrosis and other inflammatory- or oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaojie Tian
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shijiang Yu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenjie Shu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chuanxian Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Drug Synthesis, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China
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Zhao B, Liu K, Liu X, Li Q, Li Z, Xi J, Xie F, Li X. Plant-derived flavonoids are a potential source of drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3122-3145. [PMID: 38613172 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic pathological process that can be triggered by any chronic liver injury. If left unaddressed, it will inevitably progress to the severe outcomes of liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past few years, the prevalence and fatality of hepatic fibrosis have been steadily rising on a global scale. As a result of its intricate pathogenesis, the quest for pharmacological interventions targeting liver fibrosis has remained a formidable challenge. Currently, no pharmaceuticals are exhibiting substantial clinical efficacy in the management of hepatic fibrosis. Hence, it is of utmost importance to expedite the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of this condition. Various research studies have revealed the ability of different natural flavonoid compounds to alleviate or reverse hepatic fibrosis through a range of mechanisms, which are related to the regulation of liver inflammation, oxidative stress, synthesis and secretion of fibrosis-related factors, hepatic stellate cells activation, and proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation by these compounds. This review summarizes the progress of research on different sources of natural flavonoids with inhibitory effects on liver fibrosis over the last decades. The anti-fibrotic effects of natural flavonoids have been increasingly studied, making them a potential source of drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis due to their good efficacy and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 610032, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Li Z, Liao X, Qin Y, Jiang C, Lian Y, Lin X, Huang J, Zhang B, Feng Z. Exploring the impact of coffee consumption on liver health: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31132. [PMID: 38778998 PMCID: PMC11108974 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study indicates that while research has demonstrated the potential of coffee to mitigate liver damage, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of its effects has yet to be conducted. This study seeks to explore the current landscape and focal points of research on coffee consumption's impact on the liver from 2013 to 2023. Articles published within this timeframe were retrieved from the Web of Science database and subjected to analysis using R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software. A total of 1106 articles primarily focused on coffee's impact on liver health were analyzed. The frequency of publication exhibited a significant increase from 2013 to 2023. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in publications and international collaborations, particularly with institutions such as Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Noteworthy journals in this domain included "Nutrients" and "Hepatology" Commonly occurring keywords encompassed components, chlorogenic acids, oxidative stress, and liver. The study highlighted coffee's potential benefits in preventing cardiovascular and liver diseases, attributed to mechanisms such as antioxidant activity and modulation of hepatic cells. Through bibliometric analysis, this study offers valuable insights into the research status and emphasis on coffee's effects on liver health, serving as a significant reference for future investigations in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghuai Li
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yunyun Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chenshu Jiang
- Public Health Management Office, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanchu Lian
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoxin Lin
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiang'an Huang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhongwen Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Yang S, Cheng Y, Wang X, Yue S, Wang X, Tang L, Li H, Zhang J, Xiong Q, Tan S. Chinese herbal decoction, Yi-Qi-Jian-Pi formula exerts anti-hepatic fibrosis effects in mouse models of CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26129. [PMID: 38434258 PMCID: PMC10907526 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Yi-Qi-Jian-Pi Formula (YQJPF) is a herbal medicine that is used to treat patients with liver failure. However, scientific evidence supporting the treatment of hepatic fibrosis with YQJPF has not been forthcoming. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of YQJPF in mouse models of hepatic fibrosis. Methods Mice were randomly assigned to control, hepatic fibrosis model, silymarin (positive treated), and low-, medium- and high-dose YQJPF (7.5, 15, and 30 g/kg, respectively) groups. Liver function, inflammatory cytokines, and oxygen stress were analyzed using ELISA kits. Sections were histopathologically stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and Sirius red. Macrophage polarization was measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Potential targets of YQJPF against hepatic fibrosis were analyzed by network pharmacology of Chinese herbal compound and the effects of YQJPF on the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Suppressor of Mothers against Decapentaplegic family member 3 (Smad3) signaling pathway were assessed using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Finally, metagenomics and LC-MS/MS were used to detect the intestinal flora and metabolites of the mice, and an in-depth correlation analysis was performed by spearman correlation analysis. The data were compared by one-way ANOVA and least significant differences (LSDs) or ANOVA-Dunnett's T3 method used when no homogeneity was detected. Results We induced hepatic fibrosis using CCl4 to establish mouse models and found that YQJPF dose-dependently increased body weight, improved liver function, and reversed hepatic fibrosis. Elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the model mice were substantially decreased by YQJPF, particularly at the highest dose. Levels of serum malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were elevated and reduced, respectively. The malondialdehyde concentration decreased and SOD activity increased in the high-dose group. M1 polarized macrophages (CD86) in the mouse models were significantly decreased and M2 polarization was mildly decreased without significance. However, high-dose YQJPF increased the numbers of M2 macrophages and inhibited TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. Metagenomic and non-targeted metabolomics detection results showed that YQJPF could regulate intestinal homeostasis, and Spearman correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Calditerrivibrio_nitroreducens was significantly negatively correlated with 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. It is suggested that Calditerrivibrio_nitroreducens may reduce the anti-fibrosis effect of licorice and other Chinese herbs by digesting 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. Conclusions YQJPF can reverse liver fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation, suppressing oxidative stress, regulating the immunological response initiated by macrophages, inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling and regulating intestinal flora homeostasis. Therefore, YQJPF may be included in clinical regimens to treat hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yang
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223200, China
| | - Suyang Yue
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Hailun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Bai YM, Liang S, Zhou B. Yangyinghuoxue decoction exerts a treatment effect on hepatic fibrosis by PI3K/AKT pathway in rat model: based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3773-3789. [PMID: 38364259 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yangyinghuoxue decoction (YYHXD) is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound with satisfactory clinical efficacy in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis (HF). However, the pharmacological molecular mechanisms of YYHXD in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis have not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacological mechanisms of YYHXD for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis via network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental verification. METHODS First, the bioactive ingredients and potential targets of YYHXD and HF-related targets were retrieved from the online databases and literatures. Next, the "herb-ingredient-target-disease" network and PPI network were constructed for topological analyses and key active compounds and targets screening. Enrichment analyses were performed to identify the critical biological processes and signaling pathways. Then, the molecular docking experiment was performed to initially validate the network pharmacology prediction results. Finally, the antifibrotic effect and pharmacological mechanisms of YYHXD were investigated in CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats. RESULTS In total, 141 active compounds in YYHXD, 637 YYHXD-related targets and 1598 liver fibrosis-related targets were identified. Among them, 69 overlapped targets were finally obtained. Network analysis screened 5 critical bioactive components and 34 key targets. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that YYHXD obviously influenced biological processes such as oxidative stress, cellular inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis and signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt, Apoptosis, and JAK-STAT in the treatment of HF. The molecular docking results suggested that the YYHXD may have a direct impact on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Further, in vivo experiment indicated that YYHXD treatment not only reduced liver injury and protected liver function, but also decrease the apoptosis of hepatic parenchyma cells, reducing inflammatory and attenuating oxidative stress. Moreover, YYHXD significantly attenuated the upregulation of target proteins enriched in PI3K signaling pathway, including P-PI3K, P-Akt1, HSP90, MYC, p53. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms of YYHXD against liver fibrosis were involved in multiple ingredients, multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways. The PI3K/Akt pathway could be the most important pharmacological mechanism of YYHXD therapy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Regional Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Parola M, Pinzani M. Liver fibrosis in NAFLD/NASH: from pathophysiology towards diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 95:101231. [PMID: 38056058 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, as an excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, results from chronic liver injury as well as persistent activation of inflammatory response and of fibrogenesis. Liver fibrosis is a major determinant for chronic liver disease (CLD) progression and in the last two decades our understanding on the major molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the fibrogenic progression of CLD has dramatically improved, boosting pre-clinical studies and clinical trials designed to find novel therapeutic approaches. From these studies several critical concepts have emerged, starting to reveal the complexity of the pro-fibrotic microenvironment which involves very complex, dynamic and interrelated interactions between different hepatic and extrahepatic cell populations. This review will offer first a recapitulation of established and novel pathophysiological basic principles and concepts by intentionally focus the attention on NAFLD/NASH, a metabolic-related form of CLD with a high impact on the general population and emerging as a leading cause of CLD worldwide. NAFLD/NASH-related pro-inflammatory and profibrogenic mechanisms will be analysed as well as novel information on cells, mediators and signalling pathways which have taken advantage from novel methodological approaches and techniques (single cell genomics, imaging mass cytometry, novel in vitro two- and three-dimensional models, etc.). We will next offer an overview on recent advancement in diagnostic and prognostic tools, including serum biomarkers and polygenic scores, to support the analysis of liver biopsies. Finally, this review will provide an analysis of current and emerging therapies for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Parola
- Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine - Royal Free Hospital, London, NW32PF, United Kingdom.
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Yang L, Gutierrez DE, Guthrie OW. Systemic health effects of noise exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2024; 27:21-54. [PMID: 37957800 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2280837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Noise, any unwanted sound, is pervasive and impacts large populations worldwide. Investigators suggested that noise exposure not only induces auditory damage but also produces various organ system dysfunctions. Although previous reviews primarily focused on noise-induced cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunctions, this narrow focus has unintentionally led the research community to disregard the importance of other vital organs. Indeed, limited studies revealed that noise exposure impacts other organs including the liver, kidneys, pancreas, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the effects of noise on both the extensively studied organs, the brain and heart, but also determine noise impact on other vital organs. The goal was to illustrate a comprehensive understanding of the systemic effects of noise. These systemic effects may guide future clinical research and epidemiological endpoints, emphasizing the importance of considering noise exposure history in diagnosing various systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Cell & Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel E Gutierrez
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - O'neil W Guthrie
- Cell & Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Jing H, Ren Y, Zhou Y, Xu M, Krizkova S, Heger Z, Lu Q, Wang S, Liang X, Adam V, Li N. Remodeling of the liver fibrosis microenvironment based on nilotinib-loaded multicatalytic nanozymes with boosted antifibrogenic activity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:5030-5047. [PMID: 38045041 PMCID: PMC10692490 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a reversible pathological process caused by chronic liver damage and a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is considered the main target for liver fibrosis therapy. However, the efficiency of this strategy is limited due to the complex microenvironment of liver fibrosis, including excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and hypoxia-induced imbalanced ECM metabolism. Herein, nilotinib (NIL)-loaded hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated Ag@Pt nanotriangular nanozymes (APNH NTs) were developed to inhibit HSCs activation and remodel the microenvironment of liver fibrosis. APNH NTs efficiently eliminated intrahepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to their inherent superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, thereby downregulating the expression of NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) and inhibiting HSCs activation. Simultaneously, the oxygen produced by the APNH NTs further alleviated the hypoxic microenvironment. Importantly, the released NIL promoted collagen depletion by suppressing the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), thus synergistically remodeling the microenvironment of liver fibrosis. Notably, an in vivo study in CCl4-induced mice revealed that APNH NTs exhibited significant antifibrogenic effects without obvious long-term toxicity. Taken together, the data from this work suggest that treatment with the synthesized APNH NTs provides an enlightening strategy for remodeling the microenvironment of liver fibrosis with boosted antifibrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingzi Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Min Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Qiang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Han Y, Luo L, Li H, Zhang L, Yan Y, Fang M, Yu J, Gao X, Liu Y, Huang C, Fan S. Nomilin and its analogue obacunone alleviate NASH and hepatic fibrosis in mice via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammation capacity. Biofactors 2023; 49:1189-1204. [PMID: 37401768 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis are leading causes of cirrhosis with rising morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no appropriate treatment for NASH and hepatic fibrosis. Many studies have shown that oxidative stress is a main factor inducing NASH. Nomilin (NML) and obacunone (OBA) are limonoid compounds naturally occurring in citrus fruits with various biological properties. However, whether OBA and NML have beneficial effects on NASH remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that OBA and NML inhibited hepatic tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and liver fibrosis progression in methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-treated and bile duct ligation (BDL) NASH and hepatic fibrosis mouse models. Mechanistic studies showed that NML and OBA enhanced anti-oxidative effects, including reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increase of catalase (CAT) activity and the gene expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and Nrf2-keap1 signaling. Additional, NML and OBA inhibited the expression of inflammatory gene interleukin 6 (Il-6), and regulated the bile acid metabolism genes Cyp3a11, Cyp7a1, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3). Overall, these findings indicate that NML and OBA may alleviate NASH and liver fibrosis in mice via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammation capacity. Our study proposed that NML and OBA may be potential strategies for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglv Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Siani A, Infante-Teixeira L, d'Arcy R, Roberts IV, El Mohtadi F, Donno R, Tirelli N. Polysulfide nanoparticles inhibit fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via extracellular ROS scavenging and have potential anti-fibrotic properties. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213537. [PMID: 37406516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper is about the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - and of their nanoparticle-mediated extracellular removal - in the TGF-β1-induced differentiation of fibroblasts (human dermal fibroblasts - HDFa) to more contractile myofibroblasts, and in the maintenance of this phenotype. Here, poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) nanoparticles have been employed on 2D and 3D in vitro models, showing extremely low toxicity and undergoing negligible internalization, thereby ensuring an extracellular-only action. Firstly, PPS nanoparticles abrogated ROS-mediated downstream molecular events such as glutathione oxidation, NF-κB activation, and heme oxidase-1 (HMOX) overexpression. Secondly, PPS nanoparticles were also capable to inhibit, prevent and reverse the TGF-β1-induced upregulation of key biomechanical elements, such as ED-a fibronectin (EF-A FN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), respectively markers of protomyofibroblastic and of myofibroblastic differentiation. We also confirmed that ROS alone are ineffective promoters of the myofibroblastic transition, although their presence contributes to its stabilization. Finally, the particles also countered TGF-β1-induced matrix- and tissue-level phenomena, e.g., the upregulation of collagen type 1, the development of aberrant collagen type 1/3 ratios and the contracture of HDFa 3D-seeded fibrin constructs. In short, experimental data at molecular, cellular and tissue levels show a significant potential in the use of PPS nanoparticles as anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Siani
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lorena Infante-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Richard d'Arcy
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Iwan V Roberts
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Farah El Mohtadi
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Roberto Donno
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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11
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Sadžak A, Brkljača Z, Eraković M, Kriechbaum M, Maltar-Strmečki N, Přibyl J, Šegota S. Puncturing lipid membranes: onset of pore formation and the role of hydrogen bonding in the presence of flavonoids. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100430. [PMID: 37611869 PMCID: PMC10518586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Products of lipid peroxidation induce detrimental structural changes in cell membranes, such as the formation of water pores, which occur in the presence of lipids with partially oxidized chains. However, the influence of another class of products, dicarboxylic acids, is still unclear. These products have greater mobility in the lipid bilayer, which enables their aggregation and the formation of favorable sites for the appearance of pores. Therefore, dodecanedioic acid (DDA) was selected as a model product. Additionally, the influence of several structurally different flavonoids on DDA aggregation via formation of hydrogen bonds with carboxyl groups was investigated. The molecular dynamics of DDA in DOPC lipid bilayer revealed the formation of aggregates extending over the hydrophobic region of the bilayer and increasing its polarity. Consequently, water penetration and the appearance of water wires was observed, representing a new step in the mechanism of pore formation. Furthermore, DDA molecules were found to interact with lipid polar groups, causing them to be buried in the bilayer. The addition of flavonoids to the system disrupted aggregate formation, resulting in the displacement of DDA molecules from the center of the bilayer. The placement of DDA and flavonoids in the lipid bilayer was confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering. Atomic force microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance were used to characterize the structural properties. The presence of DDA increased bilayer roughness and decreased the ordering of lipid chains, confirming its detrimental effects on the membrane surface, while flavonoids were found to reduce or reverse these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Sadžak
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihael Eraković
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manfred Kriechbaum
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Mohammed OA. Alogliptin exhibits multifaceted effects in thioacetamide-insulted rats: A novel approach to combating hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154833. [PMID: 37769397 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis arising from chronic liver injury is characterized by dysregulated healing, including hepatic stellate cell activation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Administration of the hepatotoxin thioacetamide (TAA) induces liver injury coupled to fibrogenesis in rodents, mimicking aspects of human disease. Alogliptin is a highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with purported antifibrotic actions. We investigated the protective effects of alogliptin against TAA-mediated hepatic fibrosis in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injections of TAA (150 mg/kg) twice weekly for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. A subset of rats also received daily oral alogliptin (20 mg/kg). At 6 weeks, liver injury and fibrosis were assessed by histology, hydroxyproline content, serum liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and genes related to inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. TAA elicited necroinflammation, oxidative stress, upregulation of pro-fibrogenic mediators, increased hydroxyproline content, and excessive collagen deposition, indicating hepatic fibrosis. The administration of Alogliptin led to notable enhancements in liver histology, an extension in survival time, a decrease in hydroxyproline levels and the expression of fibrogenic genes, a reduction in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, and mitigation of hepatocellular apoptosis in rats subjected to TAA treatment. Alogliptin displayed potent antifibrotic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties in this model of toxic liver damage, likely by impeding NFκB while enhanced Nrf2 DNA binding activity which together modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, myofibroblast activation, and apoptosis. These results highlight the potential therapeutic value of alogliptin offering hope for improved treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Kim HY, Kang HG, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Anti-tumor activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against melanoma skin cancer through triggering allergic reaction and promoting immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110742. [PMID: 37536185 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer impact of an allergic reaction is strongly linked to immunity enhancement. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), an antibiotic, has potential immunomodulatory effects, but has side effects such as allergies. Thus far, the effects and underlying mechanisms of TMP-SMX in melanoma have not been clarified. This study examined the potential roles of TMP-SMX in melanoma skin cancer using an immunodeficient mouse model. TMP-SMX significantly improved the survival rate and reduced the tumor weight and growth and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in melanoma skin cancer of immunodeficient mice. In the forced swimming test, TMP-SMX significantly reduced immobility time compared to the melanoma skin cancer of immunodeficient mice, indicating improved immunity. TMP-SMX significantly increased infiltration of mast cells and release of allergy-related mediators (IgE, histamine, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33) and immune-enhancing mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12). In addition, the administration of TMP-SMX significantly increased the caspase-3, 8, and 9 activities. Furthermore, mice given TMP-SMX showed no adverse reactions according to the blood biochemical parameters. TMP-SMX significantly inhibits the growth of melanoma skin cancer by triggering an allergic reaction and promotingimmunity. Hence, we propose that TMP-SMX may be used as an immune booster in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Kim
- Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Kang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science & Technology, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kielbowski K, Rosik J, Bakinowska E, Gromowska E, Ustianowski Ł, Szostak B, Pawlik A. The use of glucarpidase as a rescue therapy for high dose methotrexate toxicity - a review of pharmacological and clinical data. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:741-750. [PMID: 37846862 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2272593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review aims to summarize recent data on the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and safety of glucarpidase. This is an enzymatic agent that catalyzes the conversion of methotrexate (MTX) into inactive metabolites. Glucarpidase is used to manage high-dose MTX (HDMTX) toxic plasma concentration, especially in patients with impaired renal function. AREAS COVERED In this review, studies on glucarpidase clinical efficacy as a therapeutic option for patients suffering from MTX kidney toxicity were presented. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of glucarpidase were included. Moreover, potential interactions and safety issues were discussed. EXPERT OPINION The use of glucarpidase is an effective therapeutic strategy in both adults and children treated with high doses of MTX for various types of cancer who have developed acute renal failure. Glucarpidase causes MTX to be converted to nontoxic metabolites and accelerates the time for its complete elimination. After administration of glucarpidase, it is possible to resume HDMTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Kielbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Gromowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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15
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Novi S, Vestuto V, Campiglia P, Tecce N, Bertamino A, Tecce MF. Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Compounds in Diet-Associated Hepatic Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:2748. [PMID: 37375652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the most common causes of chronic liver disease and are increasingly emerging as a global health problem. Such disorders can lead to liver damage, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of infiltrating immune cells. These are some of the common features of ALD progression in ASH (alcoholic steatohepatitis) and NAFLD to NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). Hepatic steatosis, followed by fibrosis, lead to a continuous progression accompanied by angiogenesis. This process creates hypoxia, which activates vascular factors, initiating pathological angiogenesis and further fibrosis. This forms a vicious cycle of ongoing damage and progression. This condition further exacerbates liver injury and may contribute to the development of comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasing evidence suggests that anti-angiogenic therapy may have beneficial effects on these hepatic disorders and their exacerbation. Therefore, there is a great interest to deepen the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of natural anti-angiogenic products that could both prevent and control liver diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of major natural anti-angiogenic compounds against steatohepatitis and determine their potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of liver inflammation caused by an imbalanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Novi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Nicola Tecce
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School of Naples, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Mario Felice Tecce
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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16
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Shao M, Wang Y, Dong H, Wang L, Zhang X, Han X, Sang X, Bao Y, Peng M, Cao G. From liver fibrosis to hepatocarcinogenesis: Role of excessive liver H2O2 and targeting nanotherapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:187-205. [PMID: 36406254 PMCID: PMC9663332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been worldwide threats nowadays. Liver fibrosis is reversible in early stages but will develop precancerosis of HCC in cirrhotic stage. In pathological liver, excessive H2O2 is generated and accumulated, which impacts the functionality of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), leading to genesis of fibrosis and HCC. H2O2 accumulation is associated with overproduction of superoxide anion (O2•−) and abolished antioxidant enzyme systems. Plenty of therapeutics focused on H2O2 have shown satisfactory effects against liver fibrosis or HCC in different ways. This review summarized the reasons of liver H2O2 accumulation, and the role of H2O2 in genesis of liver fibrosis and HCC. Additionally, nanotherapeutics targeting H2O2 were summarized for further consideration of antifibrotic or antitumor therapy. Liver fibrosis and HCC are closely related because ROS induced liver damage and inflammation, especially over-cumulated H2O2. Excess H2O2 diffusion in pathological liver was due to increased metabolic rate and diminished cellular antioxidant systems. Freely diffused H2O2 damaged liver-specific cells, thereby leading to fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Nanotherapeutics targeting H2O2 are summarized for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC, and also challenges are proposed.
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17
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Meng X, Kuang H, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang D, Kang T. A polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula roots attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110180. [PMID: 37068337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work reported the extraction, purification, characterization of a polysaccharide from roots of Codonopsis pilosula (CPP-A-1) and its effect on liver fibrosis. The findings exhibited that the molecular weight of CPP-A-1 was 9424 Da, and monosaccharide composition were glucose and fructose and minor contents of arabinose. Structural characterization of CPP-A-1 has a backbone consisting of→(2-β-D-Fruf-1)n→ (n ≈ 46-47). Treatment with CPP-A-1 inhibited the proliferation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β)-activated human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2), and induced cell apoptosis. We used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to construct mice model of liver fibrosis and subsequently administered CPP-A-1 treatment. The results showed that CPP-A-1 alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis as demonstrated by reversing liver histological changes, decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents, collagen deposition, and downregulated fibrosis-related collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and inhibited the generation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components by restoring the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its inhibitor (TIMPs). Moreover, CPP-A-1 improved anti-oxidation effects detected by promoting liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and Mn-SOD levels, and inhibition of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and iNOS levels. CPP-A-1 also ameliorated the inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6), and expression of inflammatory factor genes (TNF-α, IL-11 mRNA). In addition, our results showed that CPP-A-1 inhibited Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) signaling pathways. Furthermore, In vitro tests of LX-2 cells demonstrated that CPP-A-1 not only inhibited α-SMA expression with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-β1 stimulation, but also inhibited TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, similar to corresponding small-molecule inhibitors. Therefore, CPP-A-1 might exert suppressive effects against liver fibrosis by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, our findings support a possible application of CPP-A-1 for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Herbs Preparation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Tingguo Kang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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18
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Sergazy S, Shulgau Z, Kamyshanskiy Y, Zhumadilov Z, Krivyh E, Gulyayev A, Aljofan M. Blueberry and cranberry extracts mitigate CCL4-induced liver damage, suppressing liver fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15370. [PMID: 37128328 PMCID: PMC10147973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate potential hepatoprotective effect of lingonberry, cranberry and blueberry polyphenols on carbon tetrachloride (CCL-4)-induced acute and subacute liver injury in rats. A total of 55 male Wistar rats, divided into six experimental and control groups. With the exception of the negative control group, all groups received an intraperitoneal injection of CCl-4, twice a week for 14 days. An extract of lingonberry, cranberry, blueberry polyphenols and the positive control, silymarin were administered daily via intragastric route, for 14 consecutive days. The untreated control group showed characteristic of classical oxidative stress-mediated liver damage with vacuolization of the hepatocyte cytoplasm, infiltration by immune cells and proliferation of collagen fibers, decrease in body weight and increase in liver weight; increased levels of AST and ALT in serum, an increased lipid peroxidation in the liver. However, the use of cranberry and blueberry polyphenols significantly suppressed liver damage, exerting an effect comparable to the hepatoprotective effect of the positive control. The extracts prevented and reduced inflammatory liver damage by reducing IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels. In conclusion, blueberry and cranberry extracts have a protective effect against acute and subacute CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shynggys Sergazy
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Yevgeniy Kamyshanskiy
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinic of Medical University “MUK” NCJSC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Elena Krivyh
- Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Khanty-mansiysk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Gulyayev
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mohamad Aljofan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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19
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Donath H, Wölke S, Knop V, Heß U, Duecker RP, Trischler J, Poynard T, Schubert R, Zielen S. Liver Assessment in Patients with Ataxia-Telangiectasia: Transient Elastography Detects Early Stages of Steatosis and Fibrosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 2023:2877350. [PMID: 36941982 PMCID: PMC10024628 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2877350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal-recessive multisystem disorder characterized by pronounced cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, cancer predisposition, and altered body composition. Liver diseases with steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are frequent findings in older patients but sensitive noninvasive diagnostic tools are lacking. Objectives To determine the sensitivity of transient elastography (TE) as a screening tool for early hepatic tissue changes and serum biomarkers for liver disease. Methods Thirty-one A-T patients aged 2 to 25 years were examined prospectively from 2016-2018 by TE. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of liver biomarkers for steatosis and necroinflammatory activity (SteatoTest and ActiTest, Biopredictive, Paris) compared to TE. For calculation and comparison, patients were divided into two groups (<12, >12 years of age). Results TE revealed steatosis in 2/21 (10%) younger patients compared to 9/10 (90%) older patients. Fibrosis was present in 3/10 (30%) older patients as assessed by TE. We found a significant correlation of steatosis with SteatoTest, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), HbA1c, and triglycerides. Liver stiffness correlated significantly with SteatoTest, ActiTest, HbA1c, and triglycerides. Conclusion Liver disease is a common finding in older A-T patients. TE is an objective measure to detect early stages of steatosis and fibrosis. SteatoTest and ActiTest are a good diagnostic assessment for steatosis and necroinflammatory activity in patients with A-T and confirmed the TE results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Donath
- 1Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S. Wölke
- 1Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V. Knop
- 2Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U. Heß
- 1Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R. P. Duecker
- 1Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J. Trischler
- 1Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T. Poynard
- 3Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Hepatology Department, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R. Schubert
- 1Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S. Zielen
- 1Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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20
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da Silva JV, Moreira CC, Montija EDA, Feitosa KA, Correia RDO, Domingues NLDC, Soares EG, Allegretti SM, Afonso A, Anibal FDF. Schiff bases complexed with iron and their relation with the life cycle and infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021768. [PMID: 36618401 PMCID: PMC9811594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The trematode Schistosoma mansoni causes schistosomiasis, and this parasite's life cycle depends on the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. The most effective treatment for infected people is administering a single dose of Praziquantel. However, there are naturally resistant to treatment. This work has developed, considering this parasite's complex life cycle. Methods The synthetics compound were evaluated: i) during the infection of B. glabrata, ii) during the infection of BALB/c mice, and iii) during the treatment of mice infected with S. mansoni. Results and Discussion For the first objective, snails infected with miracidia treated with compounds C1 and C3 at concentrations of 25% IC50 and 50% IC50, after 80 days of infection, released fewer cercariae than the infected group without treatment. For the second objective, compounds C1 and C3 did not show significant results in the infected group without treatment. For the third objective, the mice treated with C3 and C1 reduced the global and differential cell count. The results suggest that although the evaluated compounds do not present schistosomicidal properties when placed in cercariae suspension, they can stimulate an immune reaction in snails and decrease mice's inflammatory response. In general, we can conclude that compound C1 and C3 has an anti-schistosomicidal effect both in the larval phase (miracidia) and in the adult form of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Virginio da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Juliana Virginio da Silva,
| | - Carla Cristina Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisandra de Almeida Montija
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Alves Feitosa
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Correia
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Luis de Campos Domingues
- Laboratório de catálise orgânica e biocatálise, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Edson Garcia Soares
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silmara Marques Allegretti
- Departamento De Biologia Animal, Instituto de BiologiaEstadual de Campinas, Universidade, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Afonso
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil,Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Unidade de Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal,Instituto de Química de São Carlos (IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil,Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., (INIAV), Laboratório de Parasitologia, Oeiras, Portugal,Laboratório de Parasitologia, Quantoom’s Bioscience, Nivelles, Bélgica, Belgium
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia (DMP), Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas (LIDI), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Fatty Liver Disease-Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic: Similar but Different. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416226. [PMID: 36555867 PMCID: PMC9783455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there are abnormal accumulations of fat in the liver. This phenomenon may be related to excessive alcohol consumption, as well as the combination of alcohol consumption and medications. There is an evolution from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic pathology is very similar regarding non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and ALD. Initially, there is lipid accumulation in parenchyma and progression to lobular inflammation. The morphological changes in the liver mitochondria, perivenular and perisinusoidal fibrosis, and hepatocellular ballooning, apoptosis and necrosis and accumulation of fibrosis may lead to the development of cirrhosis and HCC. Medical history of ethanol consumption, laboratory markers of chronic ethanol intake, AST/ALT ratio on the one hand and features of the metabolic syndrome on the other hand, may help in estimating the contribution of alcohol intake and the metabolic syndrome, respectively, to liver steatosis.
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22
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Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect of a Nutritional Supplement with Silymarin Phytosome, Choline Chloride, l-Cystine, Artichoke, and Vitamin E in Dogs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122339. [PMID: 36552547 PMCID: PMC9774582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytotherapy has been promoted for the treatment of liver diseases in dogs. The interest in identifying the antioxidant/hepatoprotective potential of various plants is increasing. Every 10 days for 30 days, forty dogs were subjected to blood sampling and hepatic ultrasound assessment. Clinically healthy dogs (group A) and dogs with liver enzyme and ultrasound hepatic aspects and sizes outside the physiological range (group B) were divided into two subgroups. Every day for 30 days, one subgroup received Epacare pet + pasta® and the other received a placebo. Differences due to groups were observed in dROM, SHp, AST and LDH serum concentrations. The administration of Epacarepet + pasta® for 30 days had an influence on the serum concentration of dROMs, SHp, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and urea. The application of paired Student's t-test showed a decrease in the longitudinal and transverse liver axis size. In conclusion, feed supplementation with Epacare pet + pasta® had a beneficial effect on the antioxidant status and liver enzymes in animals with liver enzymatic alterations and in healthy dogs.
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23
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Ramos-Tovar E, Muriel P. Free radicals, antioxidants, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 and liver damage. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 121:271-292. [PMID: 36707137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The liver performs various biochemical and molecular functions. Its location as a portal to blood arriving from the intestines makes it susceptible to several insults, leading to diverse pathologies, including alcoholic liver disease, viral infections, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are causes of death worldwide. Illuminating the molecular mechanism underlying hepatic injury will provide targets to develop new therapeutic strategies to fight liver maladies. In this regard, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-recognized mediators of liver damage. ROS induce nuclear factor-κB and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, which are the main proinflammatory signaling pathways that upregulate several proinflammatory and profibrogenic mediators. Additionally, oxygen-derived free radicals induce hepatic stellate cell activation to produce exacerbated quantities of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Exogenous and endogenous antioxidants counteract the harmful effects of ROS, preventing liver necroinflammation and fibrogenesis. Therefore, several researchers have demonstrated that the administration of antioxidants, mainly derived from plants, affords beneficial effects on the liver. Notably, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a major factor against oxidative stress in the liver. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that Nrf2 plays an important role in liver necroinflammation and fibrogenesis via the induction of antioxidant response element genes. The use of Nrf2 inducers seems to be an interesting approach to prevent/attenuate hepatic disorders, particularly under conditions where ROS play a causative role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, School of Higher Education in Medicine-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
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24
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Shih CW, Chen YJ, Chen WL. Inverse Association between Serum Selenium Level and Severity of Liver Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173625. [PMID: 36079882 PMCID: PMC9460482 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium has been well recognized for its important role in human health. Prior studies showed that low serum selenium was associated with various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, infertility, and cognitive decline. Recent studies demonstrated an association between selenium deficiency and liver cirrhosis. In our study, we aimed to explore the association between serum selenium levels and severity of liver fibrosis. In total, 5641 participants at an age of 12 and above, from the 2017–2018 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were enrolled. The severity of liver fibrosis was determined by liver ultrasound transient elastography. There was a significant linear decrease in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values in male groups with increased serum selenium levels. The beta coefficient (β) = −1.045 in male groups. A significantly negative association was also observed in the group of age ≥ 60. In addition, those in the highest quartile of serum selenium had lower LSM values (β = −0.416). This is the first study using LSM to demonstrate the correlation between selenium deficiency and severity of liver cirrhosis. Our findings suggest that a high plasma selenium concentration is negatively correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis and there are gender and age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-87923311 (ext. 16567)
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25
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P11-20 Dendropanoxide alleviates thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis by attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis via TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Samuvel DJ, Nguyen NT, Jaeschke H, Lemasters JJ, Wang X, Choo YM, Hamann MT, Zhong Z. Platanosides, a Potential Botanical Drug Combination, Decrease Liver Injury Caused by Acetaminophen Overdose in Mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1779-1788. [PMID: 35815804 PMCID: PMC9788857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Platanosides (PTSs) isolated from the American sycamore tree (Platanus occidentalis) represent a potential new four-molecule botanical drug class of antibiotics active against drug-resistant infectious disease. Preliminary studies have suggested that PTSs are safe and well tolerated and have antioxidant properties. The potential utility of PTSs in decreasing APAP hepatotoxicity in mice in addition to an assessment of their potential with APAP for the control of infectious diseases along with pain and pyrexia associated with a bacterial infection was investigated. On PTS treatment in mice, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release, hepatic centrilobular necrosis, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were markedly decreased. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation decreased when mice overdosed with APAP were treated with PTSs. Computational studies suggested that PTSs may act as JNK-1/2 and Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitors and that the isomeric mixture could provide greater efficacy than the individual molecules. Overall, PTSs represent promising botanical drugs for hepatoprotection and drug-resistant bacterial infections and are effective in protecting against APAP-related hepatotoxicity, which decreases liver necrosis and inflammation, iNOS expression, and oxidative and nitrative stresses, possibly by preventing persistent JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devadoss J. Samuvel
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nga T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People Republic of China
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mark T. Hamann
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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MiR-155 Dysregulation Is Associated with the Augmentation of ROS/p53 Axis of Fibrosis in Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Is Protected by Resveratrol. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071762. [PMID: 35885665 PMCID: PMC9322790 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a hallmark of thioacetamide (TAA) intoxications. MicroRNAs (miRs), such as miR-155, have been implied in the pathogenesis of liver disease, and regulated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound resveratrol (RES). The link between reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumour suppressor p53 (p53), and liver fibrosis-during the pathogenesis of TAA-induced liver injury-associated with miR-155 dysregulation with and without RES incorporation has not been previously studied. Therefore, one group of rats received TAA injections of 200 mg/kg; twice a week at the beginning of week 3 for 8 weeks (TAA group; or model group), whereas the protective group was pretreated daily with RES suspension (20 mg/kg; orally) for the first two weeks and subsequently sustained on receiving both RES and TAA until being sacrificed at the 10th week. Liver injuries developed in the model group were confirmed by a significant (p < 0.0001) elevation of hepatic tissue levels of miR-155, ROS, p53, and the profibrogenic biomarkers: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and α-smooth muscle actin, as well as collagen deposition (fibrosis). All these parameters were significantly (p ≤ 0.0234) protected by resveratrol (RES + TAA). In addition, we observed a significant (p < 0.0001) correlation between ROS/p53 axis mediated liver fibrosis and miR-155. Thus, TAA intoxication induced miR-155 imbalance and ROS/p53-mediated liver fibrosis, with resveratrol, conversely displaying beneficial hepatic pleiotropic effects for a period of 10 weeks.
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28
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Hepatic Myofibroblasts: A Heterogeneous and Redox-Modulated Cell Population in Liver Fibrogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071278. [PMID: 35883770 PMCID: PMC9311931 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic liver disease (CLD) progression, hepatic myofibroblasts (MFs) represent a unique cellular phenotype that plays a critical role in driving liver fibrogenesis and then fibrosis. Although they could originate from different cell types, MFs exhibit a rather common pattern of pro-fibrogenic phenotypic responses, which are mostly elicited or sustained both by oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several mediators (including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and others) that often operate through the up-regulation of the intracellular generation of ROS. In the present review, we will offer an overview of the role of MFs in the fibrogenic progression of CLD from different etiologies by focusing our attention on the direct or indirect role of ROS and, more generally, oxidative stress in regulating MF-related phenotypic responses. Moreover, this review has the purpose of illustrating the real complexity of the ROS modulation during CLD progression. The reader will have to keep in mind that a number of issues are able to affect the behavior of the cells involved: a) the different concentrations of reactive species, b) the intrinsic state of the target cells, as well as c) the presence of different growth factors, cytokines, and other mediators in the extracellular microenvironment or of other cellular sources of ROS.
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29
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Substance P Hinders Bile Acid-Induced Hepatocellular Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050920. [PMID: 35624784 PMCID: PMC9137937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is an outcome of chronic liver disease caused by steatohepatitis and cholestatic injury. This study examined substance P (SP) effect on liver injury due to cholestatic stress caused by excessive bile acid (BA) accumulation. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was added to HepG2 cells to induce hepatic injury, and cellular alterations were observed within 8 h. After confirming BA-mediated cellular injury, SP was added, and its restorative effect was evaluated through cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/inflammatory cytokines/endothelial cell media expression, and adjacent liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) function. CDCA treatment provoked ROS production, followed by IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression in hepatocytes within 8 h, which accelerated 24 h post-treatment. Caspase-3 signaling was activated, reducing cell viability and promoting alanine aminotransferase release. Interestingly, hepatocyte alteration by CDCA stress could affect LSEC activity by decreasing cell viability and disturbing tube-forming ability. In contrast, SP treatment reduced ROS production and blocked IL-8/ICAM-1 in CDCA-injured hepatocytes. SP treatment ameliorated the effect of CDCA on LSECs, preserving cell viability and function. Collectively, SP could protect hepatocytes and LSECs from BA-induced cellular stress, possibly by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. These results suggest that SP can be used to treat BA-induced liver injury.
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30
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Melin N, Yarahmadov T, Sanchez-Taltavull D, Birrer FE, Brodie TM, Petit B, Felser A, Nuoffer JM, Montani M, Vozenin MC, Herrmann E, Candinas D, Aebersold DM, Stroka D. A new mouse model of radiation-induced liver disease reveals mitochondrial dysfunction as an underlying fibrotic stimulus. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100508. [PMID: 35712694 PMCID: PMC9192810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cheng L, Li Y, Yao Y, Jin X, Ying H, Xu B, Xu J. Toxic Effects of Thioacetamide-Induced Femoral Damage in New Zealand White Rabbits by Activating the p38/ERK Signaling Pathway. Physiol Res 2022; 71:285-295. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) is widely used in the production of drugs, pesticides and dyeing auxiliaries. Moreover, it is a chemical that can cause liver damage and cancer. TAA has recently been identified to cause bone damage in animal models. However, the type of bone damage that TAA causes and its potential pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. The toxic effects of TAA on the femurs of New Zealand white rabbits and the underlying toxicity mechanism were investigated in this study. Serum samples, the heart, liver, kidney and femurs were collected from rabbits after intraperitoneal injection of TAA for 5 months (100 and 200 mg/kg). The New Zealand white rabbits treated with TAA showed significant weight loss and femoral shortening. The activities of total bilirubin, total bile acid and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the serum were increased following treatment with TAA. In addition, the cortical bone became thinner, and the trabecular thickness decreased significantly in TAA-treated rabbits, which was accompanied by significantly decreased mineral density of the cortical and trabecular bone. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in modulus of elasticity and maximum load on bone stress in TAA-treated rabbits. The western blotting results showed that the expression of phosphorylated (p)-p38 and p-ERK in femur tissues of rabbits were increased after TAA administration. Collectively, these results suggested that TAA may lead to femoral damage in rabbits by activating the p38/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China, e-mail:
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32
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Fahmy AM, William S, Hegab A, Tm D. Schistosomicidal and hepatoprotective activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone or combined with praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni infection in murine model. Exp Parasitol 2022; 238:108260. [PMID: 35447136 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone or combined with praziquantel (PZQ) against Schistosoma (S) mansoni infection in a murine model. METHODS Five groups, 8 mice each, were studied; GI served as normal controls; GII: S. mansoni-infected control group and the other three S. mansoni-infected groups received drug regimens for 5 consecutive days as follows GIII: Infected-PZQ treated group (200 mg/kg/day); GIV: Infected-GABA treated group (300 mg/kg/day) and GV: Infected-PZQ-GABA treated group (100 mg/kg/day for each drug). All animal groups were sacrificed two weeks later and different parasitological, histopathological and biochemical parameters were assessed. RESULTS Combined GABA-PZQ treated group recorded the highest significant reduction in all parasitological, histopathological and biochemical parameters followed by PZQ and finally GABA groups. Combined GABA-PZQ treatment led to the complete disappearance of immature eggs and marked reduction of deposited eggs in liver tissues and improved liver pathology. Significant improvement in hepatic oxidative stress levels, serum albumin and total protein in response to GABA treatment alone or combined with PZQ. CONCLUSION GABA had schistosomicidal, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against S. mansoni infection, GABA disrupted parasite pairing and activity, reduced the total number of worms recovered and the number of ova in the tissues. GABA may be considered an adjuvant therapy to potentiate PZQ antiparasitic activity and eradicate infection-induced liver damage and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Moustafa Fahmy
- Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Samia William
- Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany Hegab
- Department of Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - Diab Tm
- Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
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33
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Gancheva S, Kahl S, Pesta D, Mastrototaro L, Dewidar B, Strassburger K, Sabah E, Esposito I, Weiß J, Sarabhai T, Wolkersdorfer M, Fleming T, Nawroth P, Zimmermann M, Reichert AS, Schlensak M, Roden M. Impaired Hepatic Mitochondrial Capacity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Associated With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:928-937. [PMID: 35113139 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver (steatosis) to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The hepatic metabolism of obese individuals adapts by upregulation of mitochondrial capacity, which may be lost during the progression of steatosis. However, the role of type 2 diabetes with regard to hepatic mitochondrial function in NASH remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We therefore examined obese individuals with histologically proven NASH without (OBE) (n = 30; BMI 52 ± 9 kg/m2) or with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 15; 51 ± 7 kg/m2) as well as healthy individuals without liver disease (CON) (n = 14; 25 ± 2 kg/m2). Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with d-[6,6-2H2]glucose. Liver biopsies were used for assessing mitochondrial capacity by high-resolution respirometry and protein expression. RESULTS T2D and OBE had comparable hepatic fat content, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis. Oxidative capacity in liver tissue normalized for citrate synthase activity was 59% greater in OBE than in CON, whereas T2D presented with 33% lower complex II-linked oxidative capacity than OBE and higher H2O2 production than CON. Interestingly, those with NASH and hepatic fibrosis score ≥1 had lower oxidative capacity and antioxidant defense than those without fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Loss of hepatic mitochondrial adaptation characterizes NASH and type 2 diabetes or hepatic fibrosis and may thereby favor accelerated disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Gancheva
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bedair Dewidar
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ehsan Sabah
- Obesity and Reflux Center, Neuwerk Hospital, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weiß
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresia Sarabhai
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Zimmermann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Li G, Qi L, Chen H, Tian G. Involvement of NF-κB/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the protective effect of prunetin against a diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23016. [PMID: 35239232 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prunetin (PRU) is an O-methylated flavonoid that is present in various natural plants and a primary significant compound found in isoflavone. Liver cancer creates major carcinogenic death despite recently advanced therapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment and prognosis are better in people with secure liver function. In the present study, we evaluated the action of PRU on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) alone HCC in a rat model through inflammation-mediated cell proliferative phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway analysis. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Group I, normal rats; Group II, DEN alone; Group III, DEN + PRU, and Group IV, PRU-alone. All groups of rats carried out hepatic cancer development by hypothesis antioxidant, biochemical, cell proliferative, apoptosis, cytokines protein, and gene expression status profiles. In tumor incidence DEN + PRU, 100% delayed the tumor growth disappearance of the lesion, and reversal of normal liver architecture was observed. Liver marker enzymes levels decreased when antioxidant levels (superoxidase dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were in Group III. Proinflammatory markers nuclear factor-κB, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α, were elevated in the rat's serum in Group III. Cell proliferative markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Cyclin-D1 protein expressions were downregulated; in contrast, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 gene expressions were upregulated and then it followed that protein expression of PI3K/AKT was downregulated in PRU-treated groups. PRU assisted reversal of liver damage, antioxidant enzyme restoration cytokine balance, protein, and gene expression to control levels. Taken together, PRU improves functions of the liver, and as such prevents HCC. PRU can be used together with chemopreventives for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Gendong Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Krawczyk M, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. Synergistic and Detrimental Effects of Alcohol Intake on Progression of Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052636. [PMID: 35269779 PMCID: PMC8910376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are the most common liver disorders worldwide and the major causes of non-viral liver cirrhosis in the general population. In NAFLD, metabolic abnormalities, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are the driving factors for liver damage with no or minimal alcohol consumption. ALD refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake in individuals drinking more than 5 to 10 daily units for years. Although NAFLD and ALD are nosologically considered two distinct entities, they show a continuum and exert synergistic effects on the progression toward liver cirrhosis. The current view is that low alcohol use might also increase the risk of advanced clinical liver disease in NAFLD, whereas metabolic factors increase the risk of cirrhosis among alcohol risk drinkers. Therefore, special interest is now addressed to individuals with metabolic abnormalities who consume small amounts of alcohol or who binge drink, for the role of light-to-moderate alcohol use in fibrosis progression and clinical severity of the liver disease. Evidence shows that in the presence of NAFLD, there is no liver-safe limit of alcohol intake. We discuss the epidemiological and clinical features of NAFLD/ALD, aspects of alcohol metabolism, and mechanisms of damage concerning steatosis, fibrosis, cumulative effects, and deleterious consequences which include hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School—Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Protocatechuic acid protects against thioacetamide-induced chronic liver injury and encephalopathy in mice via modulating mTOR, p53 and the IL-6/ IL-17/ IL-23 immunoinflammatory pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 440:115931. [PMID: 35202709 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a natural phenolic acid, is known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic activities. However, the protective mechanisms of PCA on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver/brain injury are not well addressed. Chronic liver injury was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (200 mg/kg, 3 times/week) for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, PCA (100, 150 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given daily from the 4th week. Protocatechuic acid ameliorated liver and brain damage indicated by the decrease in serum activities of aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, levels of bilirubin, and ammonia concomitant with restoration of normal albumin levels. Additionally, PCA treatment ameliorated oxidative stress in liver and brain, confirmed by the decrease in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and the increase in antioxidant activities. Moreover, PCA showed anti-inflammatory actions through downregulation of TNF-α expression in the liver and IL-6/IL-17/IL-23 levels in the brain, which is confirmed by the decrease in CD4+ T brain cell numbers. Most importantly, PCA treatment showed a significant decrease in mTOR level and number of LC3 positive cells in both liver and brain tissues. Consequently, PCA could inhibit mTOR-induced apoptosis, as it showed anti-apoptotic actions through downregulation of caspase-3 expression in liver and p53 expression in liver and brain. Furthermore, liver and brain tissues of treated mice showed restoration of normal histology. It can be concluded that, several mechanisms, including: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-autophagic and anti-apoptotic activities can be implicated in the hepato- and neuroprotective potentials of PCA.
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Zhou L, Li Y, Liang Q, Liu J, Liu Y. Combination therapy based on targeted nano drug co-delivery systems for liver fibrosis treatment: A review. J Drug Target 2022; 30:577-588. [PMID: 35179094 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2044485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the hallmark of liver disease and occurs prior to the stages of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Any type of liver damage or inflammation can result in fibrosis. Fibrosis does not develop overnight, but rather as a result of the long-term action of injury factors. At present, however, there are no good treatment methods or specific drugs other than removing the pathogenic factors. Drug application is still limited, which means that drugs with good performance in vitro cannot achieve good therapeutic effects in vivo, owing to various factors such as poor drug targeting, large side effects, and strong hydrophobicity. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the primary effector cells in liver fibrosis. The nano-drug delivery system is a new and safe drug delivery system that has many advantages which are widely used in the field of liver fibrosis. Drug resistance and side effects can be reduced when two or more drugs are used in combination drug delivery. Combination therapy of drugs with different targets has emerged as a novel approach to treating liver fibrosis, and the nano co-delivery system enhances the benefits of combination therapy. While nano co-delivery systems can maximize benefits while avoiding drug side effects, this is precisely the advantage of the nano co-delivery system. This review briefly described the pathogenesis and current treatment strategies, the different co-delivery systems of combination drugs in the nano delivery system, and targeting strategies for nano delivery systems on liver fibrosis therapy. Because of their superior performance, nano delivery systems and targeting drug delivery systems have received a lot of attention in the new drug delivery system. The new delivery systems offer a new pathway in the treatment of liver fibrosis, and it is believed that it can be a new treatment for fibrosis in the future. Nano co-delivery system of combination drugs and targeting strategies has proven the effectiveness of anti-fibrosis at the experimental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiangwei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Ahmad SB, Rashid SM, Wali AF, Ali S, Rehman MU, Maqbool MT, Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Siddiqui N. Myricetin (3,3 ',4 ',5,5 ',7-hexahydroxyflavone) prevents ethanol-induced biochemical and inflammatory damage in the liver of Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211066843. [PMID: 35156864 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211066843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of myricetin in ethanol-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. Research Design: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups with six animals per group. Group-I animals were administered with vehicle (distilled water), Group II, III, and IV were treated orally with sequential (per week) increase in the dose of ethanol (5, 8, 10, and 12 g/kg b wt per week in each group) for 28 days. Myricetin was treated orally to Group-III and IV animals at the respective doses of 25 mg/kg b wt. and 50 mg/kg b wt. Results: Our results showed that myricetin prevented hepatotoxicity by modulating the production of free radicals, ethanol metabolizing enzymes, and inflammatory markers in vivo. Myricetin also helped maintain lipid membrane integrity, oxidant-antioxidant status, and histoarchitecture. Ethanol administration caused elevation in XO, ADH, and CYP2E1 in hepatic tissue, which significantly normalized with myricetin administration. After ethanol administration, there was a steep increase in the hepatotoxicity biomarkers, including ALT, MDA, and AST. The level of cytotoxicity marker LDH also increased after ethanol administration; myricetin administration decreased the level of all these markers. Moreover, myricetin treatment also reduced ethanol-induced inflammatory markers such as NF-κB and IL-6. Conclusion: Findings from the current study demonstrate that myricetin administration prevents alcohol-induced hepatic injury by influencing the metabolism of ethanol, inhibiting oxidative stress, maintaining lipid profile, and suppressing inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 77177SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Shahzada Mudaisr Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 77177SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Adil Farooq Wali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 286661RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Shafat Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, (GMC-Srinagar), KaranNagar Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Tahir Maqbool
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, 8083University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, 77282Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mohamed H, AL-Ghareeb M, Abd-Allah R. Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel 1,2,4-triazine Derivatives Containing
Thiazole Ring against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. CURRENT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS 2022; 18. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407217666210910093142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
New 6-hydroxy-5-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenyl-2- [(5-pchlorophenyl)-
1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1, 2, 4-triazine derivatives containing a thiazole ring were synthesised
as potential antitumor agents.
Methods:
Cytotoxicity of compounds (3) and (4) was evaluated in human hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) cell lines (HepG2); compound (3) showed more cytotoxicity (IC50=9.0μg/ml) than compound
(4) (IC50=18.40μg/ml) using doxorubicin as standard. The degree of toxicity of compound
(3) was assessed by the LD50 with its anticancer performance by suppressing tumor angiogenesis
against diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in male rat model.
Results :
Carcinogenic rats showed a significant increase in markers of angiogenesis, tumour
growth, and liver function tests and malondialdehyde level coupled with reduced hepatic glutathione
level and caspase-3 activity. The distribution of compound (3) to animals after the development
of HCC improved biochemical alterations from a DENA chemical carcinogen that is confirmed
by hepatic histopathology.
Conclusion:
Compound 3 perhaps utilized as a strong applicant for newly therapeutic protocols
against hepatocarcinogenesis by controlling tumor angiogenesis and renovating the activity of hepatic
marker enzymes in addition to reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in corporation with
amelioration of histopathology. While the trial supports the use of compound 3 for improved HCC
outcome and the toxicity and side effects should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy
Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed AL-Ghareeb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Port Said,
Egypt
| | - Raghda Abd-Allah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Port Said,
Egypt
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Jebur AB, El-Sayed RA, El-Demerdash FM. Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil Modulates Hematotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by β-cyfluthrin in Rat Liver. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:784281. [PMID: 35126122 PMCID: PMC8814363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.784281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are used in large quantities infrequently, resulting in environmental damage and health issues. The goal of the current study was to explore the ameliorating effect of Ocimum basilicum (Basil) leaves essential oil versus the harmful effects of β-cyfluthrin in rat liver. Male Wistar rats were classified at random into four groups; negative control (corn oil), basil leaves essential oil (BEO, 3 ml/kg), β-cyfluthrin (positive control) (β-Cyf; 15 mg/kg BW, 1/25 LD50), and BEO plus β-Cyf, respectively. The rats were given their doses orally every day for a month. Results revealed that BEO yielded 6.32 mg/g with 33 identified components, representing 97% of the total oil. BEO implicated a considerable level of total phenolic contents, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ABTS activity, and FRAP. The treatment of β-Cyf dramatically elevated lipid peroxidation (TBARS and H2O2) (LPO), protein oxidation (PC, AOPP, and HYP), and considerably reduced enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST) and non-enzymatic (GSH) antioxidants. After β-Cyf treatment, hematological parameters, body and liver weights, enzyme activity (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH), as well as protein, albumin, globulin, and total bilirubin levels were all considerably affected. Furthermore, β-Cyf increased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6) as well as DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and decreased the number of cells in S and G2/M phase of liver cells. Moreover, rats given BEO then intoxicated with β-Cyf showed substantial changes in the majority of the parameters tested. Finally, BEO was shown to have high antioxidant efficacy in combating β-Cyf toxicity because of its high phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali B. Jebur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Raghda A. El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Fatma M. El-Demerdash, , , orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-9145
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Yassin NYS, AbouZid SF, El-Kalaawy AM, Ali TM, Almehmadi MM, Ahmed OM. Silybum marianum total extract, silymarin and silibinin abate hepatocarcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma growth via modulation of the HGF/c-Met, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112409. [PMID: 34781148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified as one of the most deadly malignancies with limited therapeutic efficacy worldwide. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between signaling pathways in HCC and predicting cancer cell responses to targeted therapeutic interventions remain to be challenge. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the anticancerous efficacy of Silybum marianum total extract (STE), silymarin (Sm), and silibinin (Sb) against experimentally-induced HCC in rats. In vitro investigations were also performed and the anticancer effects against HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) were confirmed. Wistar rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and were orally treated with STE (200 mg/kg body weight (bw)), Sm (150 mg/kg bw), and Sb (5 mg/kg bw) every other day from the 1st or 16th week to the 25th week of DEN/AAF/CCl4 injection. Treatment with STE, Sm, and Sb inhibited the growth of cancerous lesions in DEN/AAF/CCl4-treated rats. This inhibition was associated with inhibition of Ki-67 expression and repression of HGF/cMet, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. STE, Sm, and Sb improved liver function biomarkers and tumor markers (AFP, CEA, and CA19.9) and increased total protein and albumin levels in serum. STE, Sm, and Sb treatment was also noted to reduce the hepatic production of lipid peroxides, increase hepatic glutathione content, and induce the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in DEN/AAF/CCl4-treated rats. These results indicate that STE, Sm, and Sb exert anti-HCC effects through multiple pathways, including suppression of Ki-67 expression and HGF/cMet, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Y S Yassin
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sameh F AbouZid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Desert Road, P.O. Box 3020 El Salam, 11785 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Kalaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Ishfaq PM, Mishra S, Mishra A, Ahmad Z, Gayen S, Jain SK, Tripathi S, Mishra SK. Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract prevents histopathological alterations in liver induced by environmental toxicant Microcystin. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100118. [PMID: 35992377 PMCID: PMC9389225 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants like microcystins are known to adversely impact liver physiology and lead to the increased risk for abnormal liver function and even liver carcinoma. Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) is reported for various properties mainly antibacterial, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This study was aimed to assess the effect microcystin (MC-LR) on histopathology of liver in mice and a preventive measure by using aqueous extract of Inonotus obliquus (IOAE). Adult Balb/c mice were administered with MC-LR at 20 μg/kg body weight, per day, intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 4 weeks. IOAE was treated to one group of MC-LR mice at 200 mg/kg body weight, per oral, for 4 weeks. Histological staining for liver structural details and biochemical assays for functions were assessed. The results of the study showed that MC-LR drastically reduced the body weight of mice which were restored close to the range of control by IOAE treatment. MC-LR exposed mice showed 1.9, 1.7 and 2.2-fold increase in the levels of SGOT, SGPT and LDH which were restored by IOAE treatment as compared to control (one-fold). MC-LR exposed mice showed reduced level of GSH (19.83 ± 3.3 μM) which were regained by IOAE treatment (50.83 ± 3.0 μM). Similar observations were noted for catalase activity. Histological examinations show that MC-LR exposed degenerative changes in the liver sections which were restored by IOAE supplementation. The immunofluorescence analysis of caspase-3 counterstained with DAPI showed that MC-LR led to the increased expression of caspase-3 which were comparatively reduced by IOAE treatment. The cell viability decreased on increasing the concentration of MC-LR with 5% cell viability at concentration of 10 μg MC-LR/mL as that of control 100% Cell viability. The IC50 was calculated to be 3.6 μg/ml, indicating that MC-LR is chronic toxic to AML12 mouse hepatocytes. The molecular docking interaction of NF-κB-NIK with ergosterol peroxidase showed binding interaction between the two and showed the plausible molecular basis for the effects of IOAE in MC-LR induced liver injury. Collectively, this study revealed the deleterious effects of MC-LR on liver through generation of oxidative stress and activation of caspase-3, which were prevented by treatment with IOAE. Microcystin-LR is a potent hepatotoxic agent acting by inducing lipid peroxidation and oxidative damages. MC-LR exhibited significant deleterious alteration in liver by histopathological and biochemical signatures. Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract (IOAE) suppressed inflammation and oxidative damage in the liver induced by microcystin-LR. IOAE suppressed caspase-3 and p53 expression in MC-LR-induced liver. Chaga mushroom is suggested for using as a supplement in prevention of liver toxicity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Mohammad Ishfaq
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, (M.P.), India
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, (M.P.), India
| | - Shivani Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, (M.P.), India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, (M.P.), India
| | - Zaved Ahmad
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, (M.P.), India
| | - Shovanlal Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, (M.P.), India
| | - Subodh Kumar Jain
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, (M.P.), India
| | - Swati Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, (U.P.), India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, (M.P.), India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, (U.P.), India
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, (U.P.), India.
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Tabibzadeh S. Resolving Geroplasticity to the Balance of Rejuvenins and Geriatrins. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1664-1714. [DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mohamad MI, Desoky IA, Ahmed Zaki K, Sadek DR, Kamal Kassim S, Abdel-Wahab Mohamed D. Pterostilbene ameliorates the disrupted Adars expression and improves liver fibrosis in DEN-induced liver injury in Wistar rats: A novel potential effect. Gene 2021; 813:146124. [PMID: 34921950 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of RNA editing modifications and its subsequent proteomic diversity in is still limited and represents only the tip of the iceberg. Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most prevalent in RNA editome with a rising role for ADARgene family as a major regulator of the dynamic landscape of RNA editing. This study aimed at evaluating the potential chemopreventive effects of the epigenetic regulator "pterostilbene" in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-exposedrat model. Consequently, the hepatic Adars expression was investigated as a possible mechanism for mediation of the putative pterostilbene-induced chemopreventive effect. The effects of administration of pterostilbene were investigated on the structural changes, immunohistochemical staining, liver function test, serum alpha feto-protein (AFP), IL-6, and hepatic Adar1 and Adar2 relative gene expression at the beginning and at the 6th week of the study. Pterostilbene attenuated DEN-induced liver injury, improves hepatocyte parrafin-1 (Hep Par-1), decreases heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), improved AFP, serum albumin, transaminases, IL-6 with alleviation of disturbed hepatic Adar1 and Adar2 expression. This study spotlights the role of pterostilbene in attenuation of DEN-induced liver injury which could be mediated, at least partially, through the alleviation of the aberrant expression of Adar enzymes. Yet, more in-depth studies are needed to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of pterostilbene on RNA editing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda I Mohamad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Islam A Desoky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kamelia Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa R Sadek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Kamal Kassim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abdel-Wahab Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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45
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Dai W, Qin Q, Li Z, Lin L, Li R, Fang Z, Han Y, Mu W, Ren L, Liu T, Zhan X, Xiao X, Bai Z. Curdione and Schisandrin C Synergistically Reverse Hepatic Fibrosis via Modulating the TGF-β Pathway and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:763864. [PMID: 34858986 PMCID: PMC8631446 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.763864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the final pathway of several chronic liver diseases, which is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix due to chronic hepatocyte damage. Activation of hepatic stellate cells and oxidative stress (OS) play an important role in mediating liver damage and initiating hepatic fibrosis. Hence, hepatic fibrosis can be reversed by inhibiting multiple channels such as oxidative stress, liver cell damage, or activation of hepatic stellate cells. Liuwei Wuling Tablets is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with the effect of anti- hepatic fibrosis, but the composition and mechanism of reversing hepatic fibrosis are still unclear. Our study demonstrated that one of the main active components of the Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis, schisandrin C (Sin C), significantly inhibited oxidative stress and prevented hepatocyte injury. Meanwhile one of the main active components of the Chinese medicine Curdione inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation by targeting the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. The further in vivo experiments showed that Sin C, Curdione and the combination of both have the effect of reversing liver fibrosis in mice, and the combined effect of inhibiting hepatic fibrosis is superior to treatment with Sin C or Curdione alone. Our study provides a potential candidate for multi-molecular or multi-pathway combination therapies for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and demonstrates that combined pharmacotherapy holds great promise in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Dai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhie Fang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhong Han
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Mu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lutong Ren
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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46
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Zhu Z, Yin J, Dawsey SM, Liu B, Freedman ND, Yin L, Taylor PR, Cui J, Fan J, Liu Y, Chen W, Qiao Y, Abnet CC. Association between serum ferritin, incident primary liver cancer, and chronic liver disease mortality in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials: A nested case-control study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3410-3417. [PMID: 34106490 PMCID: PMC8655023 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previous studies suggest that serum ferritin may be associated with higher risk of liver cancer. However, additional studies of the association are needed. It is also not clear whether serum ferritin is associated with mortality from chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS We performed a nested case-control study in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials. Baseline serum ferritin was measured for 226 incident primary liver cancer cases, 281 CLD mortalities diagnosed, and 1061 age-matched, gender-matched, and trial-matched controls. We used multivariable logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were performed by age, gender, alcohol drinking, hepatitis B virus seropositivity (HBV+)/hepatitis C virus seropositivity (HCV+), and trial. RESULTS Participants with serum ferritin in the highest quartile, as compared with those in the lowest quartile, had an increased risk of CLD mortality (odds ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence interval = 1.12, 2.64, P-trend < 0.01). Moreover, the association with higher serum ferritin was stronger among alcohol drinkers and those who were HCV+ (P-interaction < 0.05). For incident liver cancer, risk estimates were above one but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION In this study, higher levels of serum ferritin at baseline were associated with subsequent mortality from CLD, particularly if combined with alcohol drinking or viral hepatitis. Further work is warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Zhu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- School of Health Policy and Management, School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Liangyu Yin
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jinhu Fan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Youlin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Cho SS, Lee JH, Kim KM, Park EY, Ku SK, Cho IJ, Yang JH, Ki SH. REDD1 attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis via inhibiting of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:246-256. [PMID: 34614448 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is caused by repetitive hepatic injury. Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) gene is induced by various stresses and has been studied in cell proliferation and survival. However, the role of REDD1 in hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrogenesis has not yet been investigated. In the current study, we examined the effect of REDD1 on hepatic fibrogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanism. REDD1 protein was upregulated in the activated primary hepatic stellate cells and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated LX-2 cells. REDD1 mRNA levels were also elevated by TGF-β treatment. TGF-β signaling is primarily transduced via the activation of the Smad transcription factor. However, TGF-β-mediated REDD1 induction was not Smad-dependent. Thus, we investigated the transcription factors that influence the REDD1 expression by TGF-β. We found that c-JUN, a component of AP-1, upregulated the REDD1 expression that was specifically suppressed by p38 inhibitor. In silico analysis of the REDD1 promoter region showed putative AP-1-binding sites; additionally, its deletion mutants demonstrated that the AP-1-binding site between -716 and -587 bp within the REDD1 promoter is critical for TGF-β-mediated REDD1 induction. Moreover, REDD1 overexpression markedly inhibited TGF-β-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression and Smad phosphorylation. REDD1 adenovirus infection inhibited CCl4-induced hepatic injury in mice, which was demonstrated by reduced ALT/AST levels and collagen accumulation. In addition, we observed that REDD1 inhibited CCl4-induced fibrogenic gene induction and restored GSH and malondialdehyde levels. Our findings implied that REDD1 has the potential to inhibit HSC activation and protect against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Hepatoprotective Effect and Potential Mechanism of Aqueous Extract from Phyllanthus emblica on Carbon-Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5345821. [PMID: 34712342 PMCID: PMC8548103 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5345821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological variation caused by almost all chronic liver injuries. As an edible and medicinal natural resource, Phyllanthus emblica (PE) has been reported to possess hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and may have an ameliorating effect on hepatic fibrosis. To investigate the protective effect of the aqueous extract of PE (AEPE) against liver fibrosis and to uncover its related mechanisms, the chemical profile of AEPE was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sulfuric acid-phenol method. Ameliorative effects of different doses of AEPE were investigated in carbon-tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver fibrosis rats by analyzing biochemical markers, morphologic pathology, and related proteins expression in liver tissue. The results indicated that AEPE (1.8, 3.6 g/kg) could significantly reduce levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), collagen IV (Col IV), type III precollagen (PCIII), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl (PC), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) and increase the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Sirius red, and Masson staining showed AEPE-treated improved fibrotic lesions and inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, AEPE treatment also significantly downregulates the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the liver tissue and serum, respectively. In conclusion, AEPE possesses curative efficacy against liver fibrosis through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects.
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49
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Zhao J, Miao J, Wei X, Guo L, Li P, Lei J, Wang J, Zhu B, Wang L, Jia J. Traditional Chinese Medicine Ganshuang Granules Attenuate CCl 4 -Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100520. [PMID: 34585845 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis contributes to hepatic fibrosis. Emerging evidence revealed the major role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in gut microbiota homeostasis. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-fibrotic activity and underlying mechanism of ganshuang granules (GS), particularly regarding gut microbiota homeostasis. CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrosis models were allocated into 4 groups receiving normal saline (model), 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 g/kg GS for 5 weeks. As result, GS treatment alleviated liver injury in CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrosis, presenting as decreases of the liver index, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase. Histological staining and expression revealed that the enhanced oxidative stress, inflammatory and hepatic fibrosis in CCl4 -induced models were attenuated by GS. Immunohistochemical staining showed that tight junction-associated proteins in intestinal mucosa were up-regulated by GS. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that GS rebalanced the gut dysbiosis manifested as improving alpha and beta diversity of gut microbiota, reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and regulating the relative abundance of various bacteria. In summary, GS decreased the intestinal permeability and rebalanced the gut microbiota to reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation, eventually attenuating CCl4 -induced hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyanghu Road, Town West Area, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Liying Guo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jinyan Lei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No. 7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianwei Jia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
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50
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Fouda S, Khan A, Chan S, Mahzari A, Zhou X, Qin C, Vlahos R, Ye JM. Exposure to cigarette smoke precipitates simple hepatosteatosis to NASH in high-fat diet fed mice by inducing oxidative stress. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2103-2119. [PMID: 34427662 PMCID: PMC8436265 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of diet rich in fat and cigarette smoking (CS) are independent risk factors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and they often occur together in some populations. The present study investigated the mechanisms of high-fat diet (HFD) and CS, individually and in combination, on the pathogenesis of NASH in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to either a low-fat chow (CH) or HFD with or without mainstream CS-exposure (4 cigarettes/day, 5 days/ week for 14 weeks). HFD alone caused hepatosteatosis (2.5-fold increase in TG content) and a significant increase in 3-nitrotyrisine (by ∼40-fold) but without an indication of liver injury, inflammation or fibrosis. CS alone in CH-fed mice increased in Tnfα expression and macrophage infiltration by 2-fold and relatively less increase in 3-nitrotyrosine (18-fold). Combination of HFD and CS precipitated hepatosteatosis to NASH reflected by exacerbated makers of liver inflammation and fibrosis which were associated with much severe liver oxidative stress (90-fold increase in 3-nitrotyrisine along with 6-fold increase in carbonylated proteins and 56% increase in lipid oxidations). Further studies were performed to administer the antioxidant tempol to CS exposed HFD mice and the results showed that the inhibition of liver oxidative stress prevented inflammatory and fibrotic changes in liver despite persisting hepatosteatosis. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying CS-promoted progression of simple hepatosteatosis to NASH. Targeting hepatic oxidative stress may be a viable strategy in halting the progression of metabolic associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherouk Fouda
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anwar Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley M.H. Chan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ali Mahzari
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiu Zhou
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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