1
|
Chen Y, Li M, Su D, Xiong S, Feng Y, Deng Q, Ding H. Lung microdialysis and in vivo PK/PD integration of cefquinome against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a porcine experimental lung infection model. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1390336. [PMID: 38596468 PMCID: PMC11002211 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1390336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aim to explore the application of microdialysis in pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) integration of cefquinome against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a porcine experimental lung infection model. The model was established via intratracheal inoculation where average bacterial counts (CFU) in the lungs of infected pigs reached 6.57 log10 CFU/g after 3 h. The PK profiles of unbound cefquinome in lung dialysates were determined following intramuscular injection of single doses of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg. Lung dialysate samples were collected using microdialysis at a flow rate of 1.5 μL/min until 24 h. The PD studies were conducted over 24 h based on 10 intermittent dosing regimens and total daily doses ranged from 0.25 to 4 mg/kg and dosage intervals included 12 and 24 h. The lung tissue was collected after 24 h of treatment and homogenized for bacterial counts. The relationships between PK/PD parameters derived from lung dialysates and drug efficacy were analyzed using an inhibitory sigmoid Emax model. The percentage of time the free drug concentration exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (%fT > MIC) was the PK/PD index best describing the antimicrobial activity (R2 = 0.96) in the porcine experimental infection model. The %fT > MIC values required to achieve net bacterial stasis, 1, 2 and 3 log10 CFU/g reductions in the lung were 22.45, 28.86, 37.62, and 56.46%, respectively. Cefquinome exhibited time-dependent characteristics against A. pleuropneumoniae in vivo. These results provide valuable insights into the application of microdialysis in PK/PD integration model studies and optima regimen of cefquinome for the treatment of porcine respiratory diseases caused by A. pleuropneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huanzhong Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khalid K, Rox K. All Roads Lead to Rome: Enhancing the Probability of Target Attainment with Different Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modelling Approaches. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040690. [PMID: 37107052 PMCID: PMC10135278 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of rising antimicrobial resistance and a decreasing number of antibiotics with novel modes of action, it is of utmost importance to accelerate development of novel treatment options. One aspect of acceleration is to understand pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs and to assess the probability of target attainment (PTA). Several in vitro and in vivo methods are deployed to determine these parameters, such as time-kill-curves, hollow-fiber infection models or animal models. However, to date the use of in silico methods to predict PK/PD and PTA is increasing. Since there is not just one way to perform the in silico analysis, we embarked on reviewing for which indications and how PK and PK/PD models as well as PTA analysis has been used to contribute to the understanding of the PK and PD of a drug. Therefore, we examined four recent examples in more detail, namely ceftazidime-avibactam, omadacycline, gepotidacin and zoliflodacin as well as cefiderocol. Whereas the first two compound classes mainly relied on the ‘classical’ development path and PK/PD was only deployed after approval, cefiderocol highly profited from in silico techniques that led to its approval. Finally, this review shall highlight current developments and possibilities to accelerate drug development, especially for anti-infectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Khalid
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fejfarová V, Jarošíková R, Polák J, Sommerová B, Husáková J, Wosková V, Dubský M, Tůma P. Microdialysis as a tool for antibiotic assessment in patients with diabetic foot: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141086. [PMID: 37139338 PMCID: PMC10150051 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot is a serious late complication frequently caused by infection and ischaemia. Both require prompt and aggressive treatment to avoid lower limb amputation. The effectiveness of peripheral arterial disease therapy can be easily verified using triplex ultrasound, ankle-brachial/toe-brachial index examination, or transcutaneous oxygen pressure. However, the success of infection treatment is difficult to establish in patients with diabetic foot. Intravenous systemic antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infectious complications in patients with moderate or serious stages of infection. Antibiotic therapy should be initiated promptly and aggressively to achieve sufficient serum and peripheral antibiotic concentrations. Antibiotic serum levels are easily evaluated by pharmacokinetic assessment. However, antibiotic concentrations in peripheral tissues, especially in diabetic foot, are not routinely detectable. This review describes microdialysis techniques that have shown promise in determining antibiotic levels in the surroundings of diabetic foot lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Fejfarová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Vladimíra Fejfarová,
| | - Radka Jarošíková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polák
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Blanka Sommerová
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Husáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Wosková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Dubský
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Viaggi B, Cangialosi A, Langer M, Olivieri C, Gori A, Corona A, Finazzi S, Di Paolo A. Tissue Penetration of Antimicrobials in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review-Part II. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091193. [PMID: 36139972 PMCID: PMC9495066 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients that are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), the clinical outcome of severe infections depends on several factors, as well as the early administration of chemotherapies and comorbidities. Antimicrobials may be used in off-label regimens to maximize the probability of therapeutic concentrations within infected tissues and to prevent the selection of resistant clones. Interestingly, the literature clearly shows that the rate of tissue penetration is variable among antibacterial drugs, and the correlation between plasma and tissue concentrations may be inconstant. The present review harvests data about tissue penetration of antibacterial drugs in ICU patients, limiting the search to those drugs that mainly act as protein synthesis inhibitors and disrupting DNA structure and function. As expected, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, linezolid, and tigecycline have an excellent diffusion into epithelial lining fluid. That high penetration is fundamental for the therapy of ventilator and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Some drugs also display a high penetration rate within cerebrospinal fluid, while other agents diffuse into the skin and soft tissues. Further studies are needed to improve our knowledge about drug tissue penetration, especially in the presence of factors that may affect drug pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Viaggi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Associazione GiViTI, c/o Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Cangialosi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martin Langer
- Associazione GiViTI, c/o Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Olivieri
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sant’Andrea Hospital, ASL VC, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corona
- ICU and Accident & Emergency Department, ASST Valcamonica, 25043 Breno, Italy
| | - Stefano Finazzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24020 Ranica, Italy
| | - Antonello Di Paolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Wang J, Hart DA, Ahmed AS, Ackermann PW. Complement factor D as a predictor of Achilles tendon healing and long-term patient outcomes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22365. [PMID: 35596679 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200200rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dense connective tissue healing, such as tendon, is protracted leading to highly variable and unsatisfactory patient outcomes. Biomarkers prognostic of long-term clinical outcomes is, however, unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the proteomic profile of healing, identify potential biomarkers, and assess their association with the patient's long-term outcomes after ATR. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated 1423 proteins in healing and contralateral healthy Achilles tendons of 28 ATR patients. Comparing healing at 2 weeks and healthy protein profiles, we identified 821 overlapping, 390 upregulated, and 17 downregulated proteins. Upregulated proteins are related mainly to extracellular matrix organization and metabolism, while downregulated pathways were associated with exocytosis in immune modulation and thrombosis formation. Further proteomic profiling in relation to validated patient outcomes revealed the downregulated pro-inflammatory complement factor D (CFD) as the most reliable predictive biomarker of successful tendon healing. Our finding showed a comprehensive proteomic landscape and bioinformatics on human connective tissue, indicating subtype-specific and shared biological processes and proteins in healing and healthy Achilles tendons, as well as in tendons related to good and poor patient outcomes. Inflammatory protein CFD and serpin family B member 1 were finally identified as potential predictive biomarkers of effective healing outcomes when combined the proteomic profiles with a validated clinical database. Following the future elucidation of the mechanisms associated with the identified biomarkers as predictors of good outcomes, our findings could lead to improved prognostic accuracy and development of targeted treatments, thus improving the long-term healing outcomes for all patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Aisha S Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul W Ackermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li T, Li S, Shi J, Li X, Liu J, Yang H, Wu W, Zhao L, Zhao Z. Real-time analysis of metabolites in vivo by online extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled to microdialysis. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1205:339760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
7
|
van Os W, Zeitlinger M. Predicting Antimicrobial Activity at the Target Site: Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Indices versus Time-Kill Approaches. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121485. [PMID: 34943697 PMCID: PMC8698708 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic dosing strategies are generally based on systemic drug concentrations. However, drug concentrations at the infection site drive antimicrobial effect, and efficacy predictions and dosing strategies should be based on these concentrations. We set out to review different translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approaches from a target site perspective. The most common approach involves calculating the probability of attaining animal-derived PK/PD index targets, which link PK parameters to antimicrobial susceptibility measures. This approach is time efficient but ignores some aspects of the shape of the PK profile and inter-species differences in drug clearance and distribution, and provides no information on the PD time-course. Time–kill curves, in contrast, depict bacterial response over time. In vitro dynamic time–kill setups allow for the evaluation of bacterial response to clinical PK profiles, but are not representative of the infection site environment. The translational value of in vivo time–kill experiments, conversely, is limited from a PK perspective. Computational PK/PD models, especially when developed using both in vitro and in vivo data and coupled to target site PK models, can bridge translational gaps in both PK and PD. Ultimately, clinical PK and experimental and computational tools should be combined to tailor antibiotic treatment strategies to the site of infection.
Collapse
|
8
|
A rapid screening method to select microdialysis carriers for hydrophobic compounds. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256920. [PMID: 34469501 PMCID: PMC8409685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdialysis is a minimally invasive sampling technique which is widely applied in many fields including clinical studies. This technique usually has limitation on sampling hydrophobic compounds as aqueous solutions are commonly used as the perfusates. The relative recovery of hydrophobic compounds is often low and irreproducible because of the non-specific binding to microdialysis membranes or catheter tubing. Carriers such as cyclodextrins have been used to improve the recovery and consistency, however the identification of an optimal carrier can only be achieved after time-consuming and costly microdialysis experiments. We therefore developed a rapid, convenient, and low-cost method to identify the optimal carriers for sampling hydrophobic compounds with the use of centrifugal ultrafiltration. Doxorubicin was used as the model compound and its relative recoveries obtained from centrifugal ultrafiltration and from microdialysis were compared. The results show that the relative recoveries are highly correlated (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9) between centrifugal ultrafiltration and microdialysis when different types or different concentrations of cyclodextrins were used as the carriers. In addition to doxorubicin, this method was further confirmed on three other drugs with different hydrophobicity. This method may facilitate and broaden the use of microdialysis perfusion on sampling or delivering hydrophobic substances in various applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Knudsen M, Bue M, Pontoppidan LL, Hvistendahl MA, Søballe K, Stilling M, Hanberg P. Evaluation of Benzylpenicillin as an Internal Standard for Measurement of Piperacillin Bone Concentrations Via Microdialysis. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3500-3506. [PMID: 34102200 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis is a pharmacokinetic tool that can be advantageous when obtaining tissues' pharmacokinetic information. Since absolute extracellular tissue concentrations are needed in pharmacokinetic studies, calibrating the microdialysis system is necessary. The internal standard method is superior when compared to other calibration methods. However, thorough evaluation of the internal standard is required before it can be used. In vitro experiments and an in vivo study on pigs (n = 8) were conducted to assess the relative recoveries by gain and by loss for piperacillin, both with and without a benzylpenicillin concentration of 5 µg/mL. Furthermore, the in vivo setup allowed for an evaluation of piperacillin cancellous bone and subcutaneous tissue concentrations in a single 8 h dosing interval. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was used to determine piperacillin and benzylpenicillin concentrations. Relative recovery by loss for benzylpenicillin and relative recovery by gain for piperacillin were similar in in vitro and in vivo. Presence of benzylpenicillin did not affect the relative recovery for piperacillin. Relative recovery, pharmacokinetic parameters and fT>MIC were similar when comparing the retrodialysis by drug and the internal standard calibration methods (p > 0.31). Mean fT>MIC (16 µg/mL) for plasma, cancellous bone and subcutaneous tissue were 232 min, 255 min and 295 min, respectively. Our findings suggest that benzylpenicillin is suitable as an internal standard for piperacillin in microdialysis studies. Mean fT>MIC (16 µg/mL) for plasma, cancellous bone, and subcutaneous tissue reached a target of 50% fT>MIC under the investigated conditions (mean range: 52%-66%); however, the target was not obtained in all pigs in all compartments. Moreover, 100% fT>MIC was not obtained in any case, suggesting that different strategies must be taken into consideration if higher targets are employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Aarhus Microdialysis Research Group, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Crossing J112, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Mats Bue
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Aarhus Microdialysis Research Group, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Crossing J112, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus A Hvistendahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Aarhus Microdialysis Research Group, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Crossing J112, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Søballe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Maiken Stilling
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Aarhus Microdialysis Research Group, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Crossing J112, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Pelle Hanberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Aarhus Microdialysis Research Group, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Crossing J112, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Horsens Regional Hospital, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khaowroongrueng V, Jadhav SB, Syed M, Akbar M, Gertz M, Otteneder MB, Fueth M, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetics and Determination of Tumor Interstitial Distribution of a Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Using Large-Pore Microdialysis. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3061-3068. [PMID: 33819461 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
R7072 is a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) exerting anti-tumor activity via blockade of insulin like growth factor 1 receptor. The tumoral interstitial concentrations are anticipated to be better surrogates of active site concentrations than commonly used serum concentrations for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation of anti-tumor mAbs. Previously, a large-pore microdialysis technique for measuring tissue interstitial concentrations of R7072 in non-tumor bearing mice was established. In the current studies, the serum pharmacokinetics of R7072 were assessed and tissue interstitial concentrations were measured by large-pore microdialysis following intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of R7072 in tumor bearing mice. R7072 exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics in the studied dose range. Tumor and subcutaneous interstitial concentration data suggested some delay in tissue distribution after dosing. A dose-dependent increase in the ratio of tumor interstitial to serum concentration was observed indicating target-mediated drug disposition in tumor tissue. However, subcutaneous interstitial to serum concentration ratios were similar across the doses as observed previously in non-tumor bearing mice. A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model with subcutaneous and tumor as open-loop compartments comprising of parallel linear and non-linear elimination from serum, linear disposition from subcutaneous interstitium and non-linear disposition from tumor interstitium was developed to simultaneously describe the pharmacokinetic data from all matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipada Khaowroongrueng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Satyawan B Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Muzeeb Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael Gertz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Otteneder
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Fueth
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hartmut Derendorf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rayner CR, Smith PF, Andes D, Andrews K, Derendorf H, Friberg LE, Hanna D, Lepak A, Mills E, Polasek TM, Roberts JA, Schuck V, Shelton MJ, Wesche D, Rowland‐Yeo K. Model-Informed Drug Development for Anti-Infectives: State of the Art and Future. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:867-891. [PMID: 33555032 PMCID: PMC8014105 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Model-informed drug development (MIDD) has a long and rich history in infectious diseases. This review describes foundational principles of translational anti-infective pharmacology, including choice of appropriate measures of exposure and pharmacodynamic (PD) measures, patient subpopulations, and drug-drug interactions. Examples are presented for state-of-the-art, empiric, mechanistic, interdisciplinary, and real-world evidence MIDD applications in the development of antibacterials (review of minimum inhibitory concentration-based models, mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/PD (PK/PD) models, PK/PD models of resistance, and immune response), antifungals, antivirals, drugs for the treatment of global health infectious diseases, and medical countermeasures. The degree of adoption of MIDD practices across the infectious diseases field is also summarized. The future application of MIDD in infectious diseases will progress along two planes; "depth" and "breadth" of MIDD methods. "MIDD depth" refers to deeper incorporation of the specific pathogen biology and intrinsic and acquired-resistance mechanisms; host factors, such as immunologic response and infection site, to enable deeper interrogation of pharmacological impact on pathogen clearance; clinical outcome and emergence of resistance from a pathogen; and patient and population perspective. In particular, improved early assessment of the emergence of resistance potential will become a greater focus in MIDD, as this is poorly mitigated by current development approaches. "MIDD breadth" refers to greater adoption of model-centered approaches to anti-infective development. Specifically, this means how various MIDD approaches and translational tools can be integrated or connected in a systematic way that supports decision making by key stakeholders (sponsors, regulators, and payers) across the entire development pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. Rayner
- CertaraPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - David Andes
- University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kayla Andrews
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Debra Hanna
- Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Alex Lepak
- University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Thomas M. Polasek
- CertaraPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- Centre for Medicines Use and SafetyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jason A. Roberts
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care MedicineRoyal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain MedicineNîmes University HospitalUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sécher T, Bodier-Montagutelli E, Guillon A, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Correlation and clinical relevance of animal models for inhaled pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:148-169. [PMID: 32645479 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nonclinical studies are fundamental for the development of inhaled drugs, as for any drug product, and for successful translation to clinical practice. They include in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies and are intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of the inhaled drug beneficial and detrimental effects. To date, animal models cannot be circumvented during drug development programs, acting as surrogates of humans to predict inhaled drug response, fate and toxicity. Herein, we review the animal models used during the different development stages of inhaled pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, highlighting their strengths and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Sécher
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - E Bodier-Montagutelli
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Pharmacy Department, Tours, France
| | - A Guillon
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Critical Care Department, Tours, France
| | - N Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Interpretation of Drug Interaction Using Systemic and Local Tissue Exposure Changes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050417. [PMID: 32370191 PMCID: PMC7284846 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic exposure of a drug is generally associated with its pharmacodynamic (PD) effect (e.g., efficacy and toxicity). In this regard, the change in area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of a drug, representing its systemic exposure, has been mainly considered in evaluation of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Besides the systemic exposure, the drug concentration in the tissues has emerged as a factor to alter the PD effects. In this review, the status of systemic exposure, and/or tissue exposure changes in DDIs, were discussed based on the recent reports dealing with transporters and/or metabolic enzymes mediating DDIs. Particularly, the tissue concentration in the intestine, liver and kidney were referred to as important factors of PK-based DDIs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in plasma and subcutaneous tissue in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 92:133-140. [PMID: 31978581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Piperacillin is a β-lactam antimicrobial frequently used in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, data regarding piperacillin tissue concentrations in this patient population are limited. A prospective observational study was conducted of free piperacillin concentrations during a single 8-h dosing interval in plasma (8 samples) and subcutaneous tissue (SCT) (13 samples), in 10 patients treated with CRRT following piperacillin 4 g given every 8 h as intermittent administration over 3 min. METHODS A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using NONMEM 7.4.3, to simulate alternative administration modes and dosing regimens. SCT concentrations were obtained using microdialysis. Piperacillin concentrations were compared to the clinical breakpoint minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 mg/l), with evaluation of the following pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics targets: 50% fT > 1 × MIC, 100% fT > 1 × MIC, and 100% fT > 4 × MIC. RESULTS SCT concentrations were generally lower than plasma concentrations. For the target of 50% free time (fT) > 1 × MIC and 100% fT > 1 × MIC, piperacillin 4 g every 8 h resulted in probability of target attainment (PTA) >90% in both plasma and SCT. PTA > 90% for the target of 100% fT > 4 × MIC was only achieved for continuous infusion. CONCLUSIONS Piperacillin 4 g every 8 h is likely to provide sufficient exposure in both plasma and SCT to treat P.aeruginosa infections in critically ill patients on CRRT, given that targets of 50% fT > 1 × MIC or 100% fT > 1 × MIC are adequate. However, if a more aggressive target of 100% fT > 4 × MIC is adopted, continuous infusion is needed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Antibacterial activity of cyadox against Clostridium perfringens in broilers and a dosage regimen design based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103981. [PMID: 31962185 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis is an intestinal disease caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) that results in high economic losses to the poultry industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of cyadox against C. perfringens and to formulate its dosage regimen based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) modeling in broilers. The PK parameters of cyadox in ileum of healthy and infected broilers following oral administration at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) were investigated and PD study the MIC, MBC, MPC, and PAE were determined. The time-killing curves were established in vitro and ex vivo to evaluate the antibacterial activity of cyadox against C. perfringens. The results revealed that the MIC of cyadox against C. perfringens was 1-16 μg/mL. After oral administration of cyadox, the peak concentration (Cmax), maximum concentration time (Tmax), and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in ileum content of broilers were 143.55-161.48 μg/mL, 1.08-1.25 h, and 359.51-405.69 μg h/mL respectively. After Integrating the in vivo PK and ex vivo PD data the AUC24h/MIC values needed for bacteriostatic, bactericidal and bacterial eradication were 27.71 h, 78.93 h, and 165.14 h, respectively. By model validation, the cure rate was 85.71%. In conclusion, a dosage regimen of 14.02 mg/kg repeated after every 12 h for 3-5days was expected to be therapeutically effective in broilers against C. perfringens with MIC ≤2 μg/mL.
Collapse
|
16
|
Microneedle biosensors for real-time, minimally invasive drug monitoring of phenoxymethylpenicillin: a first-in-human evaluation in healthy volunteers. LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH 2019; 1:e335-e343. [DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(19)30131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Li S, Chai XN, Zuo CY, Lv P, Tang Y, Tan HJ, Liu LZ, Yin HY, Yu SG. Metabolic profiling of dialysate at sensitized acupoints in knee osteoarthritis patients: A study protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17843. [PMID: 31702640 PMCID: PMC6855587 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture therapy is frequently used to treat Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) in clinic, and usually used local acupoints near the diseased knees as therapeutic targets. Some local acupoints appeared sensitization phenomenon which was called sensitized acupoints, which were regarded as important therapeutic targets to get better therapeutic effect on clinic. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the biological basis of acupoint sensitization. Meanwhile, there is a lack of an analysis of the metabolism for sensitized acupoints in KOA patients. Considering that acupuncture effect could be multi-targeted, omics (such as metabolomics) may be a useful method to reveal the relationship between sensitized acupoints and clinical efficacy of acupuncture. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a parallel design trial. Thirty KOA patients and 30 healthy volunteers will be recruited in this study. Mechanical pain threshold will be measured by Electron Von frey in order to confirm the highest sensitized acupoints. Then collect tissue fluid from the highest sensitized acupoints by micro dialysis technical, then apply electro-acupuncture method on the highest sensitized acupoints to treat KOA patients, after 20 sessions treatments, measure and collect again. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method will be used to analyze the metabonomics of dialysate. RESULTS This study will provide a high-quality evidence to reveal the local molecular mechanism of acupuncture sensitized acupoints for patient with KOA. CONCLUSION This study will provide up-date evidence of whether acupuncture sensitized acupoints have local molecular mechanism for KOA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03599180 (24 Jul. 2018).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ning Chai
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Chuan Yi Zuo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Peng Lv
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Yong Tang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Hui Juan Tan
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Li Zhou Liu
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hai Yan Yin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| | - Shu Guang Yu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Addevico F, Svedman S, Edman G, Ackermann PW. Pyruvate and lactate as local prognostic biomarkers of patient outcome after achilles tendon rupture. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1529-1536. [PMID: 31102560 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a frequently disabling injury, which exhibits unclear variability in long-term functional and patient-reported outcomes. Biomarkers from early healing, which have been shown to be prognostic of long-term outcome would facilitate the development of improved treatment methods. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess essential metabolites pyruvate and its product lactate, as early biomarkers in relation to long-term functional- and patient-reported outcome after ATR. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 124 patients (103 men, 21 women; mean age 40 ± 7 years) with ATR, treated with uniform anesthetic and surgical technique, were prospectively assessed. At two weeks post-injury pyruvate and lactate concentrations were assessed in both the injured and uninjured limbs using microdialysis followed by enzymatic quantification. The ratios of the concentration in the injured versus uninjured limb of pyruvate (pyruvate-r) and lactate (lactate-r) were calculated as well as the lactate/pyruvate ratios (L/P-r). At 12 months, patient-reported outcome was examined using self-reported questionnaires; Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and physical activity score. At 12 months, functional outcome was studied using the validated heel-rise test. RESULTS Elevated pyruvate-r, at two weeks, was significantly associated with total ATRS (R = 0.254, P = 0.028), less loss in physical activity (R = 0.241, P = 0.039), less experience of pain in FAOS (R = 0.275, P = 0.032), and a higher number of heel-rise repetitions on injured side (R = 0.230, P = 0.040) at 12 months. Increased lactate-r was related with less strength limitations in the calf (R = 0.283, P = 0.011), while the elevated lactate-pyruvate ratio, notably, was related to more limitations in walking on uneven surface (R = -0,243, P = 0.027). The findings were verified by multiple linear regression taking confounding factors into consideration. CONCLUSION This study established that the metabolite pyruvate is a good potential biomarker, prognostic of patient outcome at the one-year follow-up after ATR surgery. These novel findings suggest that local biomarkers could be developed at an early-stage screen for new ATR treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Addevico
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Università degli studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Svedman
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Edman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul W Ackermann
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tomas A, Stilinović N, Sabo A, Tomić Z. Use of microdialysis for the assessment of fluoroquinolone pharmacokinetics in the clinical practice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 131:230-242. [PMID: 30811969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial drugs, including fluoroquinolones, can exert their therapeutic action only with adequate penetration at the infection site. Multiple factors, such as rate of protein binding, drug liposolubility and organ blood-flow all influence ability of antibiotics to penetrate target tissues. Microdialysis is an in vivo sampling technique that has been successfully applied to measure the distribution of fluoroquinolones in the interstitial fluid of different tissues both in animal studies and clinical setting. Tissue concentrations need to be interpreted within the context of the pathogenesis and causative agents implicated in infections. Integration of microdialysis -derived tissue pharmacokinetics with pharmacodynamic data offers crucial information for correlating exposure with antibacterial effect. This review explores these concepts and provides an overview of tissue concentrations of fluoroquinolones derived from microdialysis studies and explores the therapeutic implications of fluoroquinolone distribution at various target tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Nebojša Stilinović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Sabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zdenko Tomić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Boothe DM, Bush KM, Boothe HW, Davis HA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral pradofloxacin administration in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2019; 79:1268-1276. [PMID: 30457901 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.12.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether target values for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) indices against selected canine pathogens were achievable for pradofloxacin in various canine fluids and leukocytes. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult hounds (experiments 1 and 2) and 6 healthy adult dogs (experiment 3). PROCEDURES In 3 experiments, pradofloxacin (3, 6, or 12 mg/kg) and enrofloxacin (5 or 10 mg/kg) were orally administered once a day for 5 days, and blood, interstitial fluid (ISF), and other fluid samples were collected at various points. Sample drug concentrations were measured, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed; then, PK-PD indices (ratios between maximum observed concentration [Cmax] and minimum inhibitory or mutant prevention concentrations) were determined for 7 bacterial species. RESULTS PK-PD values for pradofloxacin at 3 mg/kg were approximately 5 times as high in leukocyte versus plasma and were lowest in CSF, synovial fluid, and aqueous humor. No significant differences were noted between serum and ISF. Value ratios for serum versus other body fluids were numerically higher for pradofloxacin (vs enrofloxacin) for all fluid types except CSF and aqueous humor. Target PK-PD values were exceeded for pradofloxacin against all 7 bacterial species in leukocytes and against all species except Bacteroides spp in serum and ISF. Enrofloxacin achieved the target Cmax-to-minimum inhibitory concentration ratio against Pasteurella multocida in serum, ISF, and leukocytes and for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in serum and leukocytes. A Cmax-to-mutant prevention concentration ratio ≥ 1 against Eschericha coli was achieved for pradofloxacin at 6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings supported once-daily oral administration of pradofloxacin to dogs at the currently recommended dose (7.5 mg/kg).
Collapse
|
21
|
Jamal JA, Roger C, Roberts JA. Understanding the impact of pathophysiological alterations during critical illness on drug pharmacokinetics. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2018; 37:515-517. [PMID: 30359771 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janattul-Ain Jamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, 25100 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Claire Roger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Nîmes University Hospital, place du Professeur Debré, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - Jason A Roberts
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Translational Anti-Infective Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Microdialysis Study of Aztreonam-Avibactam Distribution in Peritoneal Fluid and Muscle of Rats with or without Experimental Peritonitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01228-18. [PMID: 30012776 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01228-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate aztreonam (ATM) and avibactam (AVI) distribution in intraperitoneal fluid and muscle interstitial fluid by microdialysis in rats, with or without peritonitis, and to compare the unbound concentrations in tissue with the unbound concentrations in blood. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular veins, hind leg muscles, and peritoneal cavities of control rats (n = 5) and rats with intra-abdominal sepsis (n = 9) induced by cecal ligation and punctures. ATM and AVI probe recoveries in each medium were determined for both molecules in each rat by retrodialysis by drug. ATM-AVI combination was administered as an intravenous bolus at a dose of 100-25 mg · kg-1 Microdialysis samples were collected over 120 min, and ATM-AVI concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted and nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparisons between groups (infected versus control) and medium. ATM and AVI distribution in intraperitoneal fluid and muscle was rapid and complete both in control rats and in rats with peritonitis, and the concentration profiles in blood, intraperitoneal fluid, and muscle were virtually superimposed, in control and infected animals, both for ATM and AVI. No statistically significant difference was observed between unbound tissue extracellular fluid and systemic areas under the curve for both molecules in control and infected animals. In the present study, intraperitoneal infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture had no apparent effect on ATM and AVI pharmacokinetics in rats.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dhanani JA, Parker SL, Lipman J, Wallis SC, Cohen J, Fraser J, Barnett A, Chew M, Roberts JA. Recovery rates of combination antibiotic therapy using in vitro microdialysis simulating in vivo conditions. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:407-412. [PMID: 30595948 PMCID: PMC6308031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdialysis is a technique used to measure the unbound antibiotic concentration in the interstitial spaces, the target site of action. In vitro recovery studies are essential to calibrating the microdialysis system for in vivo studies. The effect of a combination of antibiotics on recovery into microdialysate requires investigation. In vitro microdialysis recovery studies were conducted on a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin, in a simulated in vivo model. Comparison was made between recoveries for three different concentrations and three different perfusate flow rates. The overall relative recovery for vancomycin was lower than that of tobramycin. For tobramycin, a concentration of 20μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min had the best recovery. A concentration of 5.0μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min yielded maximal recovery for vancomycin. Large molecular size and higher protein binding resulted in lower relative recoveries for vancomycin. Perfusate flow rates and drug concentrations affected the relative recovery when a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin was tested. Low perfusate flow rates were associated with higher recovery rates. For combination antibiotic measurement which includes agents that are highly protein bound, in vitro studies performed prior to in vivo studies may ensure the reliable measurement of unbound concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh A. Dhanani
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Suzanne L. Parker
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steven C. Wallis
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jeremy Cohen
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian Barnett
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation & School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michelle Chew
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jason A. Roberts
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cibicek N, Micuda S, Chládek J, Zivný P, Zadák Z, Cermáková E, Palicka V. Lithium Microdialysis and Its Use for Monitoring of Stomach and Colon Submucosal Blood Perfusion – A Pilot Study Using Ischemic Preconditioning in Rats. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2018; 49:227-31. [PMID: 17438835 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
During shock, exposure of gut to ischemia determines patient’s survival. Ischemic preconditioning (ISP) elevates nitric oxide and blood perfusion, whereby it protects organs against subsequent severe ischemia/reperfusion. Using appropriate flow marker, microdialysis may serve to monitor interstitial microcirculation. Hence, our aim was to test the reliability of lithium as a flow marker (lithium microdialysis, LM) on an ISP model. Rats were divided into three groups. Two (ischemic and preconditioned) groups underwent 30 min celiac artery occlusion (CAO) with 2.5 h reperfusion. 25 min before CAO, the latter experienced 5 min ischemia. Sham–operated animals served as controls. LM in stomach and colon submucosa, serum nitric oxide, hepatic and pancreatic enzymes were measured. In stomach, LM indicated a decrease in blood perfusion evoked by CAO (p<0.01) in both experimental groups. During reperfusion, the ischemic animals showed a restoration of microcirculation, unlike the preconditioned ones, whose blood perfusion failed to regenerate (p<0.001). For any group, LM showed no microcirculation modification in colon. Serum analytes remained unchanged. We conclude that LM appears to be a potentially suitable indicator of gastrointestinal interstitial microcirculation. However, we failed to demonstrate any beneficial effect of ISP on pancreas, systemic nitric oxide and local/remote microcirculation within studied organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Cibicek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pharmacokinetic Comparisons of Typical Constituents in Curcumae Rhizoma and Vinegar-Processed Curcumae Rhizoma after Oral Administration to Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6809497. [PMID: 29725355 PMCID: PMC5872589 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6809497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Raw Curcumae Rhizoma (R-CR), included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Edition 2015, is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine. However, the vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma (V-CR) is used more widely than R-CR. The pharmacokinetics comparison of R-CR and V-CR after oral administration to rats is poorly understood. A novel method, rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS) coupled with a sensitive, specific, and convenient microdialysis sampling method, free from endogenous interference was developed in this research. The extracts of R-CR and V-CR were administered orally to each group of rats. The blood and liver microdialysis probes were positioned within the jugular vein toward the right atrium and the median lobe near the center of the liver, respectively. Then, a double-peak phenomenon was observed in the concentration-time curves of curdione in R-CR group, while it was not observed in V-CR group. The liver-to-blood distribution ratio of curdione in V-CR group increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to that of R-CR group. However, compared with V-CR group, the pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumol exhibited no statistically significant differences from those of R-CR group. These results indicate that vinegar-processed procedure has influence on the pharmacokinetic process of Curcumae Rhizoma in/ns. RRLC-MS coupled with microdialysis system could be used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of typical constituents in Curcumae Rhizoma after oral administration.
Collapse
|
26
|
Li Z, Boubriak OA, Urban JP, Cui ZF. Microdialysis for Monitoring the Process of Functional Tissue Culture. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 29:858-65. [PMID: 17033993 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602900907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring is important during tissue culture. However, there are still technical difficulties in monitoring the internal status of cells or tissues. In this paper, microdialysis is adopted to monitor functional tissue growth in a bioreactor. Explanted bovine caudal intervertebral disc (IVD) was used as the test tissue. A microdialysis membrane probe of 100 kDa molecular weight cut-off was employed and in situ calibration methods with phenol red and fluorescent 40 kDa dextran were developed to measure the relative recovery of the solute of interest, and membrane fouling, respectively. Tissue metabolism was monitored successfully. At the same time soluble macromolecules were picked up by the probe and were detected and quantified by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) and/or Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These proteins were believed to be associated with biofunction of engineered tissue. Monitoring of phenol red content in the dialysate indicated that there was no significant fouling of the membrane probe during a 7-day culture period and the Relative Recovery of macromolecules of interests remained roughly 9%. We concluded that microdialysis could be used to sample a wide range of molecular species released during cell metabolism and extracellular matrix turnover, which were direct or indirect indications of cell and tissue functions. The application of the developed system could be extended to monitor tissue repair in vivo, and the development of the engineered tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford - UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guillon A, Sécher T, Dailey LA, Vecellio L, de Monte M, Si-Tahar M, Diot P, Page CP, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Insights on animal models to investigate inhalation therapy: Relevance for biotherapeutics. Int J Pharm 2017; 536:116-126. [PMID: 29180257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic respiratory diseases account for major causes of illness and deaths worldwide. Recent developments of biotherapeutics opened a new era in the treatment and management of patients with respiratory diseases. When considering the delivery of therapeutics, the inhaled route offers great promises with a direct, non-invasive access to the diseased organ and has already proven efficient for several molecules. To assist in the future development of inhaled biotherapeutics, experimental models are crucial to assess lung deposition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety. This review describes the animal models used in pulmonary research for aerosol drug delivery, highlighting their advantages and limitations for inhaled biologics. Overall, non-clinical species must be selected with relevant scientific arguments while taking into account their complexities and interspecies differences, to help in the development of inhaled medicines and ensure their successful transposition in the clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Guillon
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - T Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - L A Dailey
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck Str. 4, 06122, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - L Vecellio
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France; Aerodrug, Université François Rabelais - Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - M de Monte
- Plateforme Scientifique et Technique (PST) Animaleries, Université F. Rabelais, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - M Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - P Diot
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Pneumologie, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - C P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - N Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032, Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pharmacokinetics of Cefuroxime in Synovial Fluid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00992-17. [PMID: 28784675 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00992-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cefuroxime is frequently used as preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and may be used for the treatment of septic arthritis. A prerequisite for successful treatment of septic arthritis is the ability of an antibiotic agent to penetrate into the target site. Therefore, the concentration of cefuroxime in synovial fluid was evaluated. Ten patients who underwent elective knee arthroscopy were included in this study. Patients were treated with a single dose of 1,500 mg cefuroxime intravenously, and subsequently, the concentrations in plasma, the interstitial fluid of muscle tissue, and synovial fluid were measured by using microdialysis. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic calculations to predict bacterial killing were performed using the epidemiologically defined MIC90 for clinical isolates and CLSI breakpoints. Cefuroxime penetrated excellently into muscle tissue (ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve [AUC] for muscle tissue/AUC for free plasma, 1.79) and synovial fluid (ratio of the AUC for synovial fluid/AUC for free plasma, 1.94). The cefuroxime concentration was greater than the MIC90 for Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis strains (≤2 mg/liter) over the complete dosing interval (the percentage of the dosing interval during which the free cefuroxime concentration exceeded the MIC for the pathogen [fTMIC]). CLSI defines staphylococci with MICs of ≤8 mg/liter to be susceptible to cefuroxime. For staphylococci with MICs of ≤8 mg/liter, the fTMIC in plasma was 52.5%, while the fTMIC in muscle tissue and synovial fluid was 93.6% and 96.3%, respectively. Cefuroxime may be used to treat septic arthritis caused by susceptible bacterial strains (MIC ≤ 8 mg/liter). The activity of cefuroxime in septic arthritis might be underestimated when relying exclusively on plasma concentrations.
Collapse
|
29
|
Schwameis R, Syré S, Sarahrudi K, Appelt A, Marhofer D, Burau D, Kloft C, Zeitlinger M. Penetration of linezolid into synovial fluid and muscle tissue after elective arthroscopy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:2817-2822. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
30
|
David Hopper L. Automated Microsampling Technologies and Enhancements in the 3Rs. ILAR J 2017; 57:166-177. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
31
|
Deitchman AN, Heinrichs MT, Khaowroongrueng V, Jadhav SB, Derendorf H. Utility of Microdialysis in Infectious Disease Drug Development and Dose Optimization. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:334-342. [PMID: 27943149 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adequate drug penetration to a site of infection is absolutely imperative to ensure sufficient antimicrobial treatment. Microdialysis is a minimally invasive, versatile technique, which can be used to study the penetration of an antiinfective agent in virtually any tissue of interest. It has been used to investigate drug distribution and pharmacokinetics in variable patient populations, as a tool in dose optimization, a potential utility in therapeutic drug management, and in the study of biomarkers of disease progression. While all of these applications have not been fully explored in the field of antiinfectives, this review provides an overview of how microdialysis has been applied in various phases of drug development, a focus on the specific applications in the subspecialties of infectious disease (treatment of bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic, and mycobacterial infections), and developing applications (biomarkers and therapeutic drug management).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia N Deitchman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, PO Box 100494, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - M Tobias Heinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, PO Box 100494, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Vipada Khaowroongrueng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, PO Box 100494, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Satyawan B Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, PO Box 100494, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Hartmut Derendorf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, PO Box 100494, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paavola A, Bernards CM, Rosenberg PH. Controlled release ibuprofen-poloxamer gel for epidural use – A pharmacokinetic study using microdialysis in pigs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:180-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
Stensson N, Ghafouri B, Ghafouri N, Gerdle B. High levels of endogenous lipid mediators (N-acylethanolamines) in women with chronic widespread pain during acute tissue trauma. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916662886. [PMID: 27531672 PMCID: PMC5010217 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916662886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain is a significant health problem, the molecular mechanisms involved in developing and maintaining chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain are poorly understood. Central sensitization mechanisms maintained by stimuli from peripheral tissues such as muscle have been suggested. Lipid mediators with anti-inflammatory characteristics such as endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-α, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide are suggested to regulate nociceptive transmission from peripheral locations on route towards the central nervous system. This case–control study investigates the levels of anti-inflammatory lipids in microdialysis samples collected during the first 2 h after microdialysis probe insertion and explores the association of these lipids with different pain characteristics in women with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (n = 17) and female healthy controls (n = 19). The levels of oleoylethanolamide, palmitoylethanolamide, and stearoylethanolamide were determined. During sampling of dialysate, pain ratings were conducted using a numeric rating scale. Pain thresholds were registered from upper and lower parts of the body. Oleoylethanolamide and stearoylethanolamide levels were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain at all time points. Numeric rating scale correlated with levels of stearoylethanolamide in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain. Higher levels of lipid mediators could reflect an altered tissue reactivity in response to microdialysis probe insertion in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Stensson
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mand'ák J, Pojar M, Maláková J, Lonsk V, Palicka V, Zivný P. Tissue and plasma concentrations of cephuroxime during cardiac surgery in cardiopulmonary bypass — a microdialysis study. Perfusion 2016; 22:129-36. [PMID: 17708162 DOI: 10.1177/0267659107080116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Wound and mediastinal infections are still very serious complications of open-heart surgery, in spite of the use of prophylactic antibiotics. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with profound physiological changes affecting the pharmacokinetic behaviour of antibiotics. The aim of this pilot study was to monitor the tissue concentrations of cephuroxime (prophylactic antibiotic) in skeletal muscle during cardiac surgery using CPB by interstitial microdialysis. These concentrations were compared with plasma concentrations of cephuroxime. Material and methods: Nine adult patients operated on using CPB were enrolled in this study. Cephuroxime was used as a prophylactic antibiotic (1st dose — 3 g of cefuroxime i.v. with anesthesia induction, 2nd dose — 1.5 g i.v. after CPB with protamine sulphate, 3rd dose — 1.5 g i.v. 8 hours after the surgery). Interstitial microdialysis was performed by probe CMA 60 (CMA Microdialysis AB, Sweden) inserted into the patient's deltoid muscle. Concentrations of cephuroxime in dialysates and in plasma were determined by the modified fluid chromatography method. The unbound cephuroxime fraction in plasma was obtained by using an ultrafiltration method. Samples of dialysates were collected at the following intervals: before CPB, each 30 minutes of CPB, at the end of CPB. Samples of blood were collected at these intervals: incision, start of CPB, each 30 minutes of CPB, at the end of CPB, at the end of surgery. Concentrations of cephuroxime in tissue were corrected by in vivo recoveries of the microdialysis probes. Results: Plasma concentrations of cephuroxime were 163.5 ± 40.1, 79.3 ± 17.4, 73.7 ± 16.8, 66.1 ± 18.3, 57.0 ± 10.9, 120.7 ± 29.9 (mg . L—1) and concentrations of free plasma fraction of cephuroxime were 119.5 ± 35.2, 67.8 ± 15.5, 66.0 ± 12.5, 54.8 ± 12.2, 49.6 ± 9.8, 102.6 ± 26.0 (mg . L—1). The concentrations of cephuroxime in dialysates were 44.3 ± 15.7, 36.1 ± 11.6, 31.9 ± 9.3, 34.6 ± 12.3, 27.6 ± 12.9, 56.7 ± 17.6 (mg . L—1). The mean in vivo recovery of cephuroxime in this study was 30%. Corrected concentrations (calculated by in vivo recovery) of cephuroxime in skeletal muscle were 148, 120, 106, 115, 92, 189 (mg . L—1). Conclusion: Our preliminary results show that CPB can modify the time course of cephuroxime plasma and tissue concentrations. A decrease in plasma drug concentrations occurred at the start of CPB and lasted until CPB ended. An increase in plasma concentrations corresponds to the second drug dose after CPB. The concentrations of cephuroxime in skeletal muscle (corrected by recovery) during CPB are higher than plasma concentrations. It is influenced by important changes during CPB; closely associated with hemodilution, a shift of intravascular volume, solutes and albumin to the extravascular space and inconstant protein binding of cephuroxime during operation. Perfusion (2007) 22, 129—136.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mand'ák
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alim MA, Svedman S, Edman G, Ackermann PW. Procollagen markers in microdialysate can predict patient outcome after Achilles tendon rupture. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2:e000114. [PMID: 27900179 PMCID: PMC5117072 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients who sustain acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) exhibit variable and mostly impaired long-term functional, and patient-reported outcomes. However, there exists a lack of early predictive markers of long-term outcomes to facilitate the development of improved treatment methods. The aim of this study was to assess markers of tendon callus production in patients with ATR in terms of outcome, pain, and fatigue. Study design and setting Prospective cohort study; level of evidence 2. Outpatient orthopaedic/sports medicine department. Patients A total of 65 patients (57 men, 8 women; mean age 41±7 years) with ATR were prospectively assessed. Assessments Markers of tendon callus production, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), were assessed 2 weeks postoperatively using microdialysis followed by enzymatic quantification. Normalised procollagen levels (n-PINP and n-PIIINP) were calculated as the ratio of procollagen to total protein content. Pain and fatigue were assessed at 1 year using reliable questionnaires Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS). Results Patients exhibited fatigue (77.6%) and pain (44.1%) to some extent. Higher levels of n-PINP (R=0.38, p=0.016) and n-PIIINP (R=0.33, p=0.046) were significantly associated with less pain in the limb. Increased concentrations of PINP (R=−0.47, p=0.002) and PIIINP (R=−0.37, p=0.024) were related to more self-reported fatigue in the leg. The results were corroborated by multiple linear regression analyses. Conclusions Assessment of procollagen markers in early tendon healing can predict long-term patient-reported outcomes after ATR. These novel findings suggest that procollagen markers could be used to facilitate the development of improved treatment methods in patients who sustain ATR. Trial registration numbers NCT01317160: Results. NCT02318472: Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Alim
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Simon Svedman
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Gunnar Edman
- Department of Psychiatry , Tiohundra AB , Norrtälje , Sweden
| | - Paul W Ackermann
- Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Desoubeaux G, Reichert JM, Sleeman M, Reckamp KL, Ryffel B, Adamczewski JP, Sweeney TD, Vanbever R, Diot P, Owen CA, Page C, Lerondel S, Le Pape A, Heuze-Vourc'h N. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for respiratory diseases: Current challenges and perspectives, March 31 - April 1, 2016, Tours, France. MAbs 2016; 8:999-1009. [PMID: 27266390 PMCID: PMC4968091 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1196521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have tremendous potential to benefit patients with lung diseases, for which there remains substantial unmet medical need. To capture the current state of mAb research and development in the area of respiratory diseases, the Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (CEPR-INSERM U1100), the Laboratory of Excellence “MAbImprove,” the GDR 3260 “Antibodies and therapeutic targeting,” and the Grant Research program ARD2020 “Biotherapeutics” invited speakers from industry, academic and government organizations to present their recent research results at the Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Respiratory Diseases: Current challenges and perspectives congress held March 31 – April 1, 2016 in Tours, France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,c Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Janice M Reichert
- d The Antibody Society , Framingham , MA , USA.,e Reichert Biotechnology Consulting LLC , Framingham MA , USA
| | | | - Karen L Reckamp
- g City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- h Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France.,i University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) , Cape Town , South Africa
| | | | | | - Rita Vanbever
- l Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Patrice Diot
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,c Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Caroline A Owen
- m Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,n Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Clive Page
- o King's College, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology , London , UK
| | | | - Alain Le Pape
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,p PHENOMIN-TAAM CNRS, CIPA , Orléans , France
| | - Nathalie Heuze-Vourc'h
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Comparing the performance of FOCE and different expectation-maximization methods in handling complex population physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2016; 43:359-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10928-016-9476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
38
|
Zeitlinger M, Schwameis R, Burian A, Burian B, Matzneller P, Müller M, Wicha WW, Strickmann DB, Prince W. Simultaneous assessment of the pharmacokinetics of a pleuromutilin, lefamulin, in plasma, soft tissues and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1022-6. [PMID: 26747098 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lefamulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic under evaluation for the treatment of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections. Currently, there are no high-quality pharmacokinetic data on drug tissue concentrations of lefamulin available. METHODS A single dose of intravenous lefamulin (150 mg) was given to 12 healthy men. The registered EudraCT number for this study was 2010-021938-54. Lefamulin concentrations were simultaneously measured in plasma, skeletal muscle tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) over 24 h, and corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Microdialysis was used to measure unbound lefamulin concentrations in skeletal muscle tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue, which were similar to unbound lefamulin concentrations in plasma. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 1, 2, 4 and 8 h post-dose to determine lefamulin concentrations in ELF. RESULTS Unbound lefamulin levels showed a 5.7-fold higher exposure in ELF compared with that in plasma, demonstrating good penetration to the target site. CONCLUSIONS Lefamulin may be an addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of infections. Simultaneous measurements of unbound drug concentration can guide target attainment for future therapeutic trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Schwameis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Burian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - B Burian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Matzneller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Müller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - W W Wicha
- Nabriva Therapeutics AG, Leberstrasse 20, 1110 Vienna, Austria
| | - D B Strickmann
- Nabriva Therapeutics AG, Leberstrasse 20, 1110 Vienna, Austria
| | - W Prince
- Nabriva Therapeutics AG, Leberstrasse 20, 1110 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ito Y, Inagaki Y, Kobuchi S, Takada K, Sakaeda T. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin in Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using Dissolving Microneedles. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:271-6. [PMID: 27076783 PMCID: PMC4829539 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design an alternative painless method for vancomycin (VCM) monitoring by withdrawing interstitial fluid (ISF) the skin using dissolving microneedles (DMNs) and possibly replace the conventional clinical blood sampling method. METHODS Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. Vancomycin at 5 mg/mL in saline was intravenously administered via the jugular vein. ISF was collected from a formed pore at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min after the DMNs was removed from the skin. In addition, 0.3 mL blood samples were collected from the left femoral vein. RESULTS The correlation between the plasma and ISF VCM concentrations was significantly strong (r = 0.676, p < 0.05). Microscopic observation of the skin after application of the DMNs demonstrated their safety as a device for sampling ISF. CONCLUSION A novel monitoring method for VCM was developed to painlessly determine concentrations in the ISF as opposed to blood sampling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ito
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuto Inagaki
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobuchi
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kanji Takada
- 2. BioSerenTach Inc., Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8040, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
In Vivo Microdialysis To Determine Subcutaneous Interstitial Fluid Penetration and Pharmacokinetics of Fluconazole in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Sepsis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:827-32. [PMID: 26596947 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02461-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to describe the subcutaneous interstitial fluid (ISF) pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in critically ill patients with sepsis. This prospective observational study was conducted at two tertiary intensive care units in Australia. Serial fluconazole concentrations were measured over 24 h in plasma and subcutaneous ISF using microdialysis. The concentrations in plasma and microdialysate were measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography system with electrospray mass spectrometer detector method. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Twelve critically ill patients with sepsis were enrolled. The mean in vivo fluconazole recovery rates ± standard deviation (SD) for microdialysis were 51.4% ± 16.1% with a mean (±SD) fluconazole ISF penetration ratio of 0.52 ± 0.30 (coefficient of variation, 58%). The median free plasma area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) was significantly higher than the median ISF AUC0-24 (340.4 versus 141.1 mg · h/liter; P = 0.004). There was no statistical difference in median fluconazole ISF penetration between patients receiving and not receiving vasopressors (median, 0.28 versus 0.78; P = 0.106). Both minimum and the maximum concentrations of drug in serum (Cmax and Cmin) showed a significant correlation with the fluconazole plasma exposure (Cmax, R(2) = 0.86, P < 0.0001; Cmin, R(2) = 0.75, P < 0.001). Our data suggest that fluconazole was distributed variably, but incompletely, from plasma into subcutaneous interstitial fluid in this cohort of critically ill patients with sepsis. Given the variability of fluconazole interstitial fluid exposures and lack of clinically identifiable factors by which to recognize patients with reduced distribution/exposure, we suggest higher than standard doses to ensure that drug exposure is adequate at the site of infection.
Collapse
|
41
|
Taguchi H, Aono Y, Kawato T, Asano M, Shimizu N, Saigusa T. Intragingival injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide induces a transient increase in gingival tumour necrosis factor-α, but not interleukin-6, in anaesthetised rats. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:155-60. [PMID: 26047579 PMCID: PMC4582562 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used in vivo microdialysis to examine the effects of intragingival application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS) on gingival tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in rats. A microdialysis probe with an injection needle attached to the surface of the dialysis membrane was implanted into the gingiva of the upper incisor. For comparison, the effects of LPS derived from Escherichia coli (Ec-LPS) on IL-6 and TNF-α levels were also analysed. Pg-LPS (1 μg/1 μL) or Ec-LPS (1 or 6 μg/1 μL) was applied by microsyringe, with gingival dialysates collected every hour. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that gingival dialysates contained approximately 389 pg·mL−1 of IL-6 basally; basal TNF-α levels were lower than the detection limit of the ELISA. Pg-LPS failed to alter IL-6 levels but markedly increased TNF-α levels, which remained elevated for 2 h after treatment. Neither IL-6 nor TNF-α were affected by Ec-LPS. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the gingiva expresses Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 mRNA. Immunohistochemical examination showed that TLR2 and TLR4 are expressed by gingival epithelial cells. The present study provides in vivo evidence that locally applied Pg-LPS, but not Ec-LPS, into the gingiva transiently increases gingival TNF-α without affecting IL-6. The present results suggest that TLR2 but not TLR4 expressed on gingival epithelial cells may mediate the Pg-LPS-induced increase in gingival TNF-α in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Taguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Aono
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Saigusa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sinnollareddy MG, Roberts MS, Lipman J, Peake SL, Roberts JA. Influence of sustained low-efficiency diafiltration (SLED-f) on interstitial fluid concentrations of fluconazole in a critically ill patient: Use of microdialysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46:121-4. [PMID: 25888463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a common complication in critically ill patients, and hybrid techniques including sustained low-efficiency dialysis/diafiltration (SLED-f) are being increasingly utilised in intensive care units. Most fungal infections occur in the interstitial fluid (ISF) of tissues and successful treatment of a fungal infection relies on the ability of an antifungal agent to achieve adequate concentrations at the site of infection. Tissue distribution of antimicrobials is impaired in critically ill patients owing to a variety of disease-related physiological changes, e.g. sepsis. Fluconazole is a widely used antifungal agent used to treat Candida spp. infections in critically ill patients. The implications for ISF concentrations of enhanced elimination during renal replacement therapy have not yet been reported for fluconazole. The aim of this single-patient case report was to describe the influence of SLED-f on subcutaneous (SC) ISF concentrations of fluconazole and the implications for achieving pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets. Serial blood and ISF samples were collected at pre- and post-filter ports within the SLED-f circuit and subcutaneously inserted microdialysis probe, respectively. Fluconazole concentrations were measured using a validated chromatography method. The SC ISF-to-plasma partition coefficient of fluconazole in this patient was 0.91, indicating rapid equilibrium. SC ISF fluconazole concentrations consistently decreased after initiating SLED-f. The majority of the fluconazole was eliminated from the SC ISF as a result of redistribution. Considering the extensive tissue re-distribution of fluconazole and observed elimination from tissue compartments, higher doses may be required to treat deep-seated fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal G Sinnollareddy
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Therapeutics Research Centre, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Michael S Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Therapeutics Research Centre, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandra L Peake
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saylor RA, Lunte SM. A review of microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis for monitoring biological events. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:48-64. [PMID: 25637011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis is a powerful sampling technique that enables monitoring of dynamic processes in vitro and in vivo. The combination of microdialysis with chromatographic or electrophoretic methods with selective detection yields a "separation-based sensor" capable of monitoring multiple analytes in near real time. For monitoring biological events, analysis of microdialysis samples often requires techniques that are fast (<1 min), have low volume requirements (nL-pL), and, ideally, can be employed on-line. Microchip electrophoresis fulfills these requirements and also permits the possibility of integrating sample preparation and manipulation with detection strategies directly on-chip. Microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis has been employed for monitoring biological events in vivo and in vitro. This review discusses technical considerations for coupling microdialysis sampling and microchip electrophoresis, including various interface designs, and current applications in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Saylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Susan M Lunte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Selen A, Dickinson PA, Müllertz A, Crison JR, Mistry HB, Cruañes MT, Martinez MN, Lennernäs H, Wigal TL, Swinney DC, Polli JE, Serajuddin AT, Cook JA, Dressman JB. The Biopharmaceutics Risk Assessment Roadmap for Optimizing Clinical Drug Product Performance. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3377-3397. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
45
|
Varghese JM, Jarrett P, Wallis SC, Boots RJ, Kirkpatrick CMJ, Lipman J, Roberts JA. Are interstitial fluid concentrations of meropenem equivalent to plasma concentrations in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy? J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:528-33. [PMID: 25336163 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the interstitial fluid (ISF) and plasma pharmacokinetics of meropenem in patients on continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective observational pharmacokinetic study. Meropenem (500 mg) was administered every 8 h. CVVHDF was targeted as a 2-3 L/h exchange using a polyacrylonitrile filter with a surface area of 1.05 m2 and a blood flow rate of 200 mL/min. Serial blood (pre- and post-filter), filtrate/dialysate and ISF concentrations were measured on 2 days of treatment (Profiles A and B). Subcutaneous tissue ISF concentrations were determined using microdialysis. RESULTS A total of 384 samples were collected. During Profile A, the comparative median (IQR) ISF and plasma peak concentrations were 13.6 (12.0-16.8) and 40.7 (36.6-45.6) mg/L and the trough concentrations were 2.6 (2.4-3.4) and 4.9 (3.5-5.0) mg/L, respectively. During Profile B, the ISF trough concentrations increased by ∼40%. Meropenem ISF penetration was estimated at 63% (60%-69%) and 69% (65%-74%) for Profiles A and B, respectively, using comparative plasma and ISF AUCs. For Profile A, the plasma elimination t1/2 was 3.7 (3.3-4.0) h, the volume of distribution was 0.35 (0.25-0.46) L/kg, the total clearance was 4.1 (4.1-4.8) L/h and the CVVHDF clearance was 2.9 (2.7-3.1) L/h. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known report of concurrent plasma and ISF concentrations of a meropenem antibiotic during CVVHDF. We observed that the ISF concentrations of meropenem were significantly lower than the plasma concentrations, although the present dose was appropriate for infections caused by intermediately susceptible pathogens (MIC≤4 mg/L).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Varghese
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Paul Jarrett
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Steven C Wallis
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Robert J Boots
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Carl M J Kirkpatrick
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 1, Ned Hanlon Building, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jonsson TB, Nilsson TK, Breimer LH, Schneede J, Arfvidsson B, Norgren L. Cloxacillin concentrations in serum, subcutaneous fat, and muscle in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 70:957-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-014-1695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
47
|
Jain JG, Housman ST, Nicolau DP. Humanized tissue pharmacodynamics of cefazolin against commonly isolated pathogens in skin and skin structure infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2443-7. [PMID: 24827890 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of humanized cefazolin tissue concentrations against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Enterobacteriaceae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. METHODS Nine clinical isolates [five MSSA (cefazolin MIC range 0.5-2.0 mg/L), two Escherichia coli (cefazolin MICs 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) and two Klebsiella pneumoniae (cefazolin MICs of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L)] were evaluated with a starting inoculum (0 h) of 10(6) cfu/mL. Time-kill curves were built and the area under the bacterial killing and regrowth curve (AUBC) was calculated. RESULTS The starting inoculum had a mean ± SD of 6.3 ± 0.28 log10 cfu/mL. Cefazolin human simulated targets for peak, trough and half-life were 13.0 mg/L, 2.6 mg/L and 2.6 h, respectively. Control isolates grew to 8.5 ± 0.2 log10 cfu/mL. Against MSSA, cefazolin achieved a reduction from 0 h of -1.18 ± 0.67 and -3.58 ± 1.24 log10 cfu/mL, at 4 and 24 h, respectively. Cefazolin achieved a reduction in bacterial density of -3.45 ± 0.35 and -2.68 ± 0.99 log10 cfu/mL at 4 and 24 h, respectively, when tested against Enterobacteriaceae. No significant difference was observed when comparing AUBC based on MIC values. The rate of initial bacterial reduction of Enterobacteriaceae was rapid, with a decrease of >3 log10 cfu/mL by 4 h, while MSSA exhibited a gradual reduction in bacterial density over one dosing interval. CONCLUSIONS The observed antibacterial effects of cefazolin support its continued utility against susceptible S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae in skin and skin structure infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jami G Jain
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Seth T Housman
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - David P Nicolau
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chemonges S, Shekar K, Tung JP, Dunster KR, Diab S, Platts D, Watts RP, Gregory SD, Foley S, Simonova G, McDonald C, Hayes R, Bellpart J, Timms D, Chew M, Fung YL, Toon M, Maybauer MO, Fraser JF. Optimal management of the critically ill: anaesthesia, monitoring, data capture, and point-of-care technological practices in ovine models of critical care. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:468309. [PMID: 24783206 PMCID: PMC3982457 DOI: 10.1155/2014/468309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of critical illness are vital in biomedical research. They provide possibilities for the investigation of pathophysiological processes that may not otherwise be possible in humans. In order to be clinically applicable, the model should simulate the critical care situation realistically, including anaesthesia, monitoring, sampling, utilising appropriate personnel skill mix, and therapeutic interventions. There are limited data documenting the constitution of ideal technologically advanced large animal critical care practices and all the processes of the animal model. In this paper, we describe the procedure of animal preparation, anaesthesia induction and maintenance, physiologic monitoring, data capture, point-of-care technology, and animal aftercare that has been successfully used to study several novel ovine models of critical illness. The relevant investigations are on respiratory failure due to smoke inhalation, transfusion related acute lung injury, endotoxin-induced proteogenomic alterations, haemorrhagic shock, septic shock, brain death, cerebral microcirculation, and artificial heart studies. We have demonstrated the functionality of monitoring practices during anaesthesia required to provide a platform for undertaking systematic investigations in complex ovine models of critical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saul Chemonges
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia ; Medical Engineering Research Facility (MERF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Kiran Shekar
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia ; Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - John-Paul Tung
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kimble R Dunster
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Sara Diab
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David Platts
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan P Watts
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Shaun D Gregory
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia ; Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - Samuel Foley
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gabriela Simonova
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Charles McDonald
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rylan Hayes
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Judith Bellpart
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Timms
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - Michelle Chew
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - Yoke L Fung
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Toon
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - Marc O Maybauer
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia ; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia ; Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Varghese JM, Jarrett P, Boots RJ, Kirkpatrick CMJ, Lipman J, Roberts JA. Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in plasma and subcutaneous interstitial fluid in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 43:343-8. [PMID: 24612982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This prospective pharmacokinetic study aimed to describe plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Piperacillin/tazobactam (4g/0.5g) was administered every 8h and CVVHDF was performed as a 3-3.5L/h exchange using a polyacrylonitrile filter with a surface area of 1.05m(2). Serial blood (pre- and post-filter), filtrate/dialysate, urine and ISF concentrations were measured. Subcutaneous tissue ISF concentrations were determined using microdialysis. A total of 407 samples were collected. Median peak plasma concentrations were 210.5 (interquartile range=161.5-229.0) and 29.4 (27.9-32.0) mg/L and median trough plasma concentrations were 64.3 (49.0-68.9) and 12.3 (7.7-13.7) mg/L for piperacillin and tazobactam, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life was 6.4 (4.6-8.7) and 7.3 (4.6-11.8) h, volume of distribution 0.42 (0.29-0.49) and 0.32 (0.24-0.36) L/kg, total clearance 5.1 (4.2-6.2) and 3.8 (3.3-4.2) L/h and CVVHDF clearance 2.5 (2.3-3.1) and 2.5 (2.3-3.2) L/h for piperacillin and tazobactam, respectively. The tissue penetration ratio or ratio of area under the concentration-time curve of the unbound drug in ISF to plasma (unbound AUCISF/AUCplasma) was ca. 1 for both piperacillin and tazobactam. This is the first report of concurrent plasma and ISF concentrations of piperacillin and tazobactam during CVVHDF. For the CVVHDF settings used in this study, a dose of 4.5g piperacillin/tazobactam administered evry 8h resulted in piperacillin concentrations in plasma and ISF >32mg/L throughout most of the dosing interval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Varghese
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Paul Jarrett
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Robert J Boots
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Carl M J Kirkpatrick
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Burns, Trauma & Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Level 7, Block 6, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Pharmacy Department, Level 1, Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tissue pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in patients with lower limb infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5679-83. [PMID: 24041887 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01348-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci, is often used to treat lower limb infections caused by these pathogens. Antimicrobial penetration is often limited in these patients due to compromised vasculature. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the exposure profile of cefazolin in serum and tissue in patients with lower limb infections. An in vivo microdialysis catheter was inserted into the tissue near the margin of the wound and constantly perfused with lactated Ringer's solution. Steady-state serum and tissue samples were simultaneously collected over a dosing interval. Serum protein binding was also assessed. Serum concentrations were analyzed by noncompartmental analysis. Tissue concentrations were corrected for percent in vivo recovery by using the retrodialysis technique. Seven patients with a mean weight of 95.45 ± 18.51 kg and a mean age of 54 ± 19 years were enrolled. Six patients received 1 g every 8 h, and one patient received 2 g every 24 h due to acute kidney injury. The free area under the curve from 0 to 8 h (fAUC0-8) values for serum and wound were 48.0 ± 18.66 and 56.35 ± 41.17 μg · h/ml, respectively, for the patients receiving 1 g every 8 h. The fAUC0-24 values for serum and wound were 1,326.1 and 253.9 μg · h/ml, respectively, for the single patient receiving 2 g every 24 h. The mean tissue penetration ratio (tissue/serum fAUC ratio) was 1.06. These data suggest that the amount of time that free-drug concentrations remain above the MIC (fT>MIC) for cefazolin in wound tissue is adequate to treat patients with lower limb infections.
Collapse
|