1
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Zeng Z, Tan R, Chen S, Chen H, Liu Z, Liu L, Li M, Chen Y. Di-PEGylated insulin: A long-acting insulin conjugate with superior safety in reducing hypoglycemic events. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2761-2772. [PMID: 38828152 PMCID: PMC11143505 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the discovery of insulin 100 years ago revolutionized the treatment of diabetes, its therapeutic potential is compromised by its short half-life and narrow therapeutic index. Current long-acting insulin analogs, such as insulin-polymer conjugates, are mainly used to improve pharmacokinetics by reducing renal clearance. However, these conjugates are synthesized without sacrificing the bioactivity of insulin, thus retaining the narrow therapeutic index of native insulin, and exceeding the efficacious dose still leads to hypoglycemia. Here, we report a kind of di-PEGylated insulin that can simultaneously reduce renal clearance and receptor-mediated clearance. By impairing the binding affinity to the receptor and the activation of the receptor, di-PEGylated insulin not only further prolongs the half-life of insulin compared to classical mono-PEGylated insulin but most importantly, increases its maximum tolerated dose 10-fold. The target of long-term glycemic management in vivo has been achieved through improved pharmacokinetics and a high dose. This work represents an essential step towards long-acting insulin medication with superior safety in reducing hypoglycemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zeng
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Runcheng Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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2
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Puławski W, Dec R, Dzwolak W. Clues to the Design of Aggregation-Resistant Insulin from Proline Scanning of Highly Amyloidogenic Peptides Derived from the N-Terminal Segment of the A-Chain. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2025-2033. [PMID: 38525800 PMCID: PMC10988558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Insulin aggregation poses a significant problem in pharmacology and medicine as it occurs during prolonged storage of the hormone and in vivo at insulin injection sites. We have recently shown that dominant forces driving the self-assembly of insulin fibrils are likely to arise from intermolecular interactions involving the N-terminal segment of the A-chain (ACC1-13). Here, we study how proline substitutions within the pilot GIVEQ sequence of this fragment affect its propensity to aggregate in both neutral and acidic environments. In a reasonable agreement with in silico prediction based on the Cordax algorithm, proline substitutions at positions 3, 4, and 5 turn out to be very effective in preventing aggregation according to thioflavin T-fluorescence-based kinetic assay, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Since the valine and glutamate side chains within this segment are strongly involved in the interactions with the insulin receptor, we have focused on the possible implications of the Q → P substitution for insulin's stability and interactions with the receptor. To this end, comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the Q5P mutant and wild-type insulin were carried out for both free and receptor-bound (site 1) monomers. The results point to a mild destabilization of the mutant vis à vis the wild-type monomer, as well as partial preservation of key contacts in the complex between Q5P insulin and the receptor. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of the design of aggregation-resistant insulin analogues retaining hormonal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Puławski
- Bioinformatics
Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinski Street 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Dec
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Street 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dzwolak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Street 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Jaworski M, Lorenc A, Leszczyński R, Mrukwa-Kominek E. Topical Insulin in Neurotrophic Keratopathy: A Review of Current Understanding of the Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Approach. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 38276493 PMCID: PMC10818503 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic keratopathy is a corneal disease characterized by impaired corneal innervation. It can lead to corneal epithelial defects, ulcerations, and perforations. Topical insulin has been shown to be effective in treating this disorder. Insulin is a growth factor that can promote corneal epithelial cell proliferation and migration. In addition, it can also inhibit corneal epithelial cell apoptosis. Topical insulin has previously been found to enhance corneal wound healing. This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of action of topical insulin in the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jaworski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- OPTOMED Ophthalmological Center for Children and Adults, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Anna Lorenc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Leszczyński
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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4
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Coolich MK, Lanier OL, Cisneros E, Peppas NA. PEGylated insulin loaded complexation hydrogels for protected oral delivery. J Control Release 2023; 364:216-226. [PMID: 37890591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
While a number of enteric coatings and pH-sensitive oral delivery vehicles have been developed, they lack the ability to sufficiently protect proteins from proteolytic degradation once released from the carrier. In this work, we show that H-bonded, pH-sensitive poly(methacrylic acid-grafted ethylene glycol) glycol (henceforth designated as P(MAA-g-EG) gels) exhibit great promise as protein carriers, as they utilize poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains to promote mucoadhesion in the small intestine, increasing the chances that the drug is released within the villus of the absorptive intestinal wall. Importantly, PEG was also conjugated to the B29-lysine (LysB29) position of insulin in order to protect the drug from proteolytic degradation once released in the small intestine and adhere the drug to the intestinal epithelium through improved mucoadhesion. PEG-conjugated (PEGylated) molecules were found to actively participate in the carrier loading and release mechanism, with the drug conjugate hydrogen bonding to the MAA while in the collapsed state and subsequently repulse the drug above the polymer's isoelectric point. This effect was enhanced through the evaluation of PEG graft density within the carrier. Cellular transport and changes in transepithelial resistance caused by the PEGylated insulin (PI) in the presence of P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles were analyzed using a 1:1 co-culture of human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and: the mucus-secreting human colon carcinoma cell(HT-29-MTX). Finally, the in vivo absorption of insulin was measured in Sprague-Dawley rats to ensure that the PEGylated insulin conjugates are biologically active, as well as to compare the bioavailability to control insulin. Collectively, these results lead toward the development of a novel system for improved insulin delivery, with improved stability of insulin through PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia L Lanier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ethan Cisneros
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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5
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Jia Y, Fernandez A, Sampath J. PEGylation of Insulin and Lysozyme To Stabilize against Thermal Denaturation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6856-6866. [PMID: 37498538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biologic drugs or "biologics" (proteins derived from living organisms) are one of the fastest-growing classes of FDA-approved therapeutics. These compounds are often fragile and require conjugation to polymers for stabilization, with many proteins too ephemeral for therapeutic use. During storage or administration, proteins tend to unravel and lose their secondary structure due to changes in solution temperature, pH, and other external stressors. To enhance their lifetime, protein drugs currently in the market are conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), owing to its ability to increase the stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics of protein drugs. Here, we perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the unfolding process of egg-white lysozyme and insulin at elevated temperatures. We test the validity of two force fields─CHARMM36 and Amber ff99SB-ILDN─in the unfolding process. By calculating global and local properties, we capture residues that deteriorate first─these are the "weak links" in the proteins. Next, we conjugate both proteins with PEG and find that PEG preserves the native structure of the proteins at elevated temperatures by blocking water molecules from entering the hydrophobic core, thereby causing the secondary structure to stabilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhao Jia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Janani Sampath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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6
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Abstract
Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), including symbiotic and genetically engineered bacteria, are a promising class of emerging therapeutics that are widely investigated both preclinically and clinically for their oral delivery to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. One emergent delivery strategy involves the direct functionalization of LBP surfaces through noncovalent or covalent modifications to control LBP interactions with the GI microenvironment, thereby improving their viability, attachment, or therapeutic effect. However, unlike other therapeutic modalities, LBPs are living organisms which present two unique challenges for surface modifications: (1) this approach can directly interfere with key LBP biological processes (e.g., colonization, metabolite secretion) and (2) modification can be variable due to the dynamic nature of LBP surfaces. Collectively, these factors remain uncharacterized as they relate to the oral delivery of LBPs. Herein, we leverage our previously reported surface modification platform, which enables LBP surface-presentation of targeting ligands, to broadly evaluate and characterize surface modifications on LBPs. Specifically, we evaluate how LBP growth affects the dilution of surface-presented targeting ligands and the subsequent loss of specific target attachment over time. Next, we describe key surface modification parameters (e.g., concentration, residence time) that can be optimized to facilitate LBP target attachment. We then characterize how bioconjugation influences the suitability of LBPs for oral delivery by evaluating their growth, viability, storage, toxicity against mammalian cells, and in vivo colonization. Broadly, we describe key parameters that influence the performance of surface modified LBPs and subsequently outline an experimental pipeline for characterizing and evaluating their suitability for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M. Vargason
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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7
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Spoorthi Shetty S, Halagali P, Johnson AP, Spandana KMA, Gangadharappa HV. Oral insulin delivery: Barriers, strategies, and formulation approaches: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125114. [PMID: 37263330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by a hyperglycemic condition which can either be caused by the destruction of the beta cells or by the resistance developed against insulin in the cells. Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus needs the use of Insulin for efficient management. However invasive methods of administration may lead to reduced adherence by the patients. Hence there is a need for a non-invasive method of administration. Oral Insulin has several merits over the conventional method including patient compliance, and reduced cost, and it also mimics endogenous insulin and hence reaches the liver by the portal vein at a higher concentration and thereby showing improved efficiency. However oral Insulin must pass through several barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Some strategies that could be utilized to bypass these barriers include the use of permeation enhancers, absorption enhancers, use of suitable polymers, use of suitable carriers, and other agents. Several formulation types have been explored for the oral delivery of Insulin like hydrogels, capsules, tablets, and patches which have been described briefly by the article. A lot of attempts have been made for developing oral insulin delivery however none of them have been commercialized due to numerous shortcomings. Currently, there are several formulations from the companies that are still in the clinical phase, the success or failure of some is yet to be seen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spoorthi Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Halagali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha P Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - K M Asha Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Kommineni N, Sainaga Jyothi VGS, Butreddy A, Raju S, Shapira T, Khan W, Angsantikul P, Domb AJ. SNAC for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability: An Updated Review. Pharm Res 2023; 40:633-650. [PMID: 36539668 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of proteins and peptides via an oral route poses numerous challenges to improve the oral bioavailability and patient compliance. To overcome these challenges, as well as to improve the permeation of proteins and peptides via intestinal mucosa, several chemicals have been studied such as surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, pH modifiers, and chelating agents, amongst these medium chain fatty acid like C10 (sodium caprate) and Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC) and its derivatives that have been well studied from a clinical perspective. This current review enumerates the challenges involved in protein and peptide delivery via the oral route, i.e., non-invasive routes of protein and peptide administration. This review also covers the chemistry behind SNAC and toxicity as well as mechanisms to enhance the oral delivery of clinically proven molecules like simaglutide and other small molecules under clinical development, as well as other permeation enhancers for efficient delivery of proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagavendra Kommineni
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Vaskuri G S Sainaga Jyothi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Saka Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tovi Shapira
- School of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem Campus, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Natco Research Centre, NATCO Pharma Limited, Hyderabad, 500018, India
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem Campus, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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9
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Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic Mellitus. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020593. [PMID: 36839915 PMCID: PMC9966771 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An iron-based SBA-16 mesoporous silica (ferrisilicate) with a large surface area and three-dimensional (3D) pores is explored as a potential insulin delivery vehicle with improved encapsulation and loading efficiency. Fe was incorporated into a framework of ferrisilicate using the isomorphous substitution technique for direct synthesis. Fe3+ species were identified using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The large surface area (804 m2/g), cubic pores (3.2 nm) and insulin loading were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, FTIR and TEM analyses. For pH sensitivity, the ferrisilicate was wrapped with polyethylene glycol (MW = 400 Daltons) (PEG). For comparison, Fe (10 wt%) was impregnated on a Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Number 6 (KIT-6) sieve and Mesocellular Silica Foam (MSU-F). Insulin loading was optimized, and its release mechanism was studied using the dialysis membrane technique (MWCO = 14,000 Da) at physiological pH = 7.4, 6.8 and 1.2. The kinetics of the drug's release was studied using different structured/insulin nanoformulations, including Santa Barbara Amorphous materials (SBA-15, SBA-16), MSU-F, ultra-large-pore FDU-12 (ULPFDU-12) and ferrisilicates. A different insulin adsorption times (0.08-1 h), insulin/ferrisilicate ratios (0.125-1.0) and drug release rates at different pH were examined using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The rate of drug release and the diffusion mechanisms were obtained based on the release constant (k) and release exponent (n). The cytotoxicity of the nanoformulation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) cells. A low cytotoxicity was observed for this nanoformulation starting at the highest concentrations used, namely, 400 and 800 μg. The hypoglycemic activity of insulin/ferrisilicate/PEG on acute administration in Wistar rats was studied using doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight. The developed facile ferrisilicate/PEG nanoformulation showed a high insulin encapsulation and loading capacity with pH-sensitive insulin release for potential delivery through the oral route.
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10
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Al-Remawi M, Jaber N, Elsayed A, Alsafadi D, Salah KA. Stabilization of insulin using low molecular weight chitosan carbonate nanocarrier. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Zuma LK, Gasa NL, Makhoba XH, Pooe OJ. Protein PEGylation: Navigating Recombinant Protein Stability, Aggregation, and Bioactivity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8929715. [PMID: 35924267 PMCID: PMC9343206 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8929715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes play a powerful role as catalysts with high specificity and activity under mild environmental conditions. Significant hurdles, such as reduced solubility, reduced shelf-life, aggregate formation, and toxicity, are still ongoing struggles that scientists come across when purifying recombinant proteins. Over the past three decades, PEGylation techniques have been utilized to significantly overcome low solubility; increased protein stability, shelf-life, and bioactivity; and prevented protein aggregate formation. This review seeks to highlight the impact of PEG-based formulations that are significantly utilized to obtain favourable protein physiochemical properties. The authors further discuss other techniques that can be employed such as coexpression studies and nanotechnology-based skills to obtaining favourable protein physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Khumbuzile Zuma
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Westville, 3629 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Nothando Lovedale Gasa
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Westville, 3629 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Xolani Henry Makhoba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Ofentse Jacob Pooe
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Westville, 3629 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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12
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Iyer G, Dyawanapelly S, Jain R, Dandekar P. An overview of oral insulin delivery strategies (OIDS). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:565-585. [PMID: 35346680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts, the world continues its fight against the common chronic disease-diabetes. Diabetes is caused by elevated glucose levels in the blood, which can lead to several complications like glaucoma, cataract, kidney failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, heart attack, and stroke. According to recent statistics, China, India, and the US rank at the top three positions with regards to the number of patients affected by diabetes. Ever since its discovery, insulin is one of the major therapeutic molecules that is used to control the disease in the diabetic population, worldwide. The most common route of insulin administration has been the subcutaneous route. However, the limitations associated with this route have motivated global efforts to explore alternative strategies to deliver insulin, including pulmonary, transdermal, nasal, rectal, buccal, and oral routes. Oral insulin delivery is the most convenient and patient-centered route. However, the oral route is also associated with numerous drawbacks that present significant challenges to the scientific fraternity. The human physiological system acts as a formidable barrier to insulin, limiting its bioavailability. The present review covers the major barriers against oral insulin delivery and explains formulation strategies that have been adopted to overcome these barriers. The review focuses on oral insulin delivery strategies (OIDS) for increasing the bioavailability of oral insulin, including nanoparticles, microparticles, nano-in-microparticles, hydrogels, tablets, capsules, intestinal patches, and use of ionic liquids. It also highlights some of the notable recent advancements and clinical trials in oral insulin delivery. This formulation based OIDS may significantly improve patient compliance in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, NP Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, NP Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, NP Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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13
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Hsu WT, Ramirez DA, Sammakia T, Tan Z, Shirts MR. Identifying signatures of proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity in O-glycosylated insulin using molecular simulation. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:313-328. [PMID: 35507105 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin has been commonly adopted as a peptide drug to treat diabetes as it facilitates the uptake of glucose from the blood. The development of oral insulin remains elusive over decades owing to its susceptibility to the enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and poor permeability through the intestinal epithelium upon dimerization. Recent experimental studies have revealed that certain O-linked glycosylation patterns could enhance insulin's proteolytic stability and reduce its dimerization propensity, but understanding such phenomena at the molecular level is still difficult. To address this challenge, we proposed and tested several structural determinants that could potentially influence insulin's proteolytic stability and dimerization propensity. We used these metrics to assess the properties of interest from [Formula: see text] aggregate molecular dynamics of each of 12 targeted insulin glyco-variants from multiple wild-type crystal structures. We found that glycan-involved hydrogen bonds and glycan-dimer occlusion were useful metrics predicting the proteolytic stability and dimerization propensity of insulin, respectively, as was in part the solvent-accessible surface area of proteolytic sites. However, other plausible metrics were not generally predictive. This work helps better explain how O-linked glycosylation influences the proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity of insulin, illuminating a path towards rational molecular design of insulin glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tse Hsu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Dominique A Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Tarek Sammakia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Michael R Shirts
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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14
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Tan Q, Akindehin SE, Orsso CE, Waldner RC, DiMarchi RD, Müller TD, Haqq AM. Recent Advances in Incretin-Based Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:838410. [PMID: 35299971 PMCID: PMC8921987 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has received enormous attention during the past three decades as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Continuous improvement of the pharmacokinetic profile of GLP-1R agonists, starting from native hormone with a half-life of ~2-3 min to the development of twice daily, daily and even once-weekly drugs highlight the pharmaceutical evolution of GLP-1-based medicines. In contrast to GLP-1, the incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) received little attention as a pharmacological target, because of conflicting observations that argue activation or inhibition of the GIP receptor (GIPR) provides beneficial effects on systemic metabolism. Interest in GIPR agonism for the treatment of obesity and diabetes was recently propelled by the clinical success of unimolecular dual-agonists targeting the receptors for GIP and GLP-1, with reported significantly improved body weight and glucose control in patients with obesity and type II diabetes. Here we review the biology and pharmacology of GLP-1 and GIP and discuss recent advances in incretin-based pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Seun E. Akindehin
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Camila E. Orsso
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Timo D. Müller, ; Andrea M. Haqq,
| | - Andrea M. Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Timo D. Müller, ; Andrea M. Haqq,
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15
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Schwarz R, Zitzow E, Fiebig A, Hering S, Humboldt Y, Schoenwaelder N, Kämpfer N, Volkmar K, Hinz B, Kreikemeyer B, Maletzki C, Fiedler T. PEGylation increases antitumoral activity of arginine deiminase of Streptococcus pyogenes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:261-271. [PMID: 34910240 PMCID: PMC8720082 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Arginine auxotrophy is a metabolic defect that renders tumor cells vulnerable towards arginine-depleting substances, such as arginine deiminase (ADI) from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyADI). Previously, we confirmed SpyADI susceptibility on patient-derived glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) models in vitro and in vivo. For application in patients, serum half-life of the enzyme has to be increased and immunogenicity needs to be reduced. For this purpose, we conjugated the S. pyogenes-derived SpyADI with 20 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG20) moieties, achieving a PEGylation of seven to eight of the 26 accessible primary amines of the SpyADI. The PEGylation reduced the overall activity of the enzyme by about 50% without affecting the Michaelis constant for arginine. PEGylation did not increase serum stability of SpyADI in vitro, but led to a longer-lasting reduction of plasma arginine levels in mice. Furthermore, SpyADI-PEG20 showed a higher antitumoral capacity towards GBM cells in vitro than the native enzyme. Key points • PEGylation has no effect on the affinity of SpyADI for arginine • PEGylation increases the antitumoral effects of SpyADI on GBM in vitro • PEGylation prolongs plasma arginine depletion by SpyADI in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eric Zitzow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adina Fiebig
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Silvio Hering
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yvonne Humboldt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Schoenwaelder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Neele Kämpfer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kerren Volkmar
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tomas Fiedler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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16
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Kim WJ, Kwon YJ, Cho CH, Ye SK, Kim KO. Insulin smart drug delivery nanoparticles of aminophenylboronic acid-POSS molecule at neutral pH. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21894. [PMID: 34750459 PMCID: PMC8575987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-regulated "smart" insulin administration system that mimic pancreatic endocrine function would be highly desirable for diabetes management. Here, a glucose-responsive continuous insulin delivery system is developed, where novel polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) modified with 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) were used to encapsulate insulin (insulin entrapment efficiency: 73.2%) to prepare a fast response, high stability, good distribution, and excellent biocompatible system. Due to the strong hydrophobicity of POSS, the POSS moiety is located at the core in aqueous solution and combines with the boronic group of APBA and the diol generated in PEG-insulin to form a nanomicelle structure, that is, nanoparticles naturally. Micelles self-assembled from these molecules possess glucose-responsiveness at varying glucose concentrations. The interaction of the PBA and diol containing insulin via boronate ester bond and its interchange with glucose was investigated by FT-IR, 1H NMR and XPS. Furthermore, the successful glucose-triggered release of insulin from the POSS-APBA micelles was investigated at neutral pH. A linear graph was plotted with the measured released insulin vs glucose concentrations, with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) value close to 1. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy analysis was performed to measure insulin activity by comparing secondary structures of insulin, PEG-Insulin, and POSS-APBA@insulin. When confirming intracellular apoptosis signaling, cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9 were not increased by 640 μg/ml POSS-APBA and POSS-APBA@insulin in HeLa, HDF and HUVE cells. Application in the biomedical field for controlled delivery of insulin appear to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jung Kim
- Department of Fiber-System Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jookjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 448-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kwon
- Departments of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Departments of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Departments of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyu Oh Kim
- Department of Fiber-System Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jookjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 448-701, Republic of Korea.
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Ramon J, Gonçalves V, Alvarenga A, Saez V, Nele M, Alves T. Integrated Lab-Scale Process Combining Purification and PEGylation of l-Asparaginase from Zymomonas mobilis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramon
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Gonçalves
- PEQ/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Aline Alvarenga
- PEQ/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Vivian Saez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Marcio Nele
- PEQ/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Tito Alves
- PEQ/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
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Liu J, Ding X, Fu Y, Xiang C, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Yu P. Cyclodextrins based delivery systems for macro biomolecules. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113105. [PMID: 33385835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macro biomolecules are of vital importance in regulating the biofunctions in organisms, in which proteins (including peptides when mentioned below) and nucleic acids (NAs) are the most important. Therefore, these proteins and NAs can be applied as "drugs" to regulate the biofunctions from abnormal to normal. Either for proteins and NAs, the most challenging thing is to avoid the biodegradation or physicochemical degradation before they reach the targeted location, and then functions as complete functional structures. Hence, appropriate delivery systems are very important which can protect them from these degradations. Cyclodextrins (CDs) based delivery systems achieved mega successes due to their outstanding pharmaceutical properties and there have been several reviews on CDs based small molecule drug delivery systems recently. But for biomolecules, which are getting more and more important for modern therapies, however, there are very few reviews to systematically summarize and analyze the CDs-based macro biomolecules delivery systems, especially for proteins. In this review, there were some of the notable examples were summarized for the macro biomolecules (proteins and NAs) delivery based on CDs. For proteins, this review included insulin, lysozyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA), green fluorescent protein (GFP) and IgG's, etc. deliveries in slow release, stimulating responsive release or targeting release manners. For NAs, this review summarized cationic CD-polymers and CD-cluster monomers as NAs carriers, notably, including the multicomponents targeting CD-based carriers and the virus-like RNA assembly method siRNA carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xin Ding
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yupeng Fu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Cen Xiang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
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19
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Characterisation of recombinant factor IX before and after GlycoPEGylation. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119654. [PMID: 32693290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the GlycoPEGylation process used for prolonging the half-life of recombinant factor IX (rFIX) has no impact on the primary and higher order structure of activated factor IX. Characterisation work performed on recombinant factor IX and on the GlycoPEGylated form of rFIX (N9-GP), confirm that the primary structure as well as the post translational modifications (PTMs) (disulphide bonds, γ-carboxylation, β-hydroxylation, sulphation and O- and N-linked glycan structures) were comparable for rFIX and N9-GP. Three O-linked glycan sites were identified in the activation peptide (Thr159, Thr163 and Thr169), where Thr163 has not been reported previously. For N9-GP, the mono GlycoPEGylation is directed toward one of the two N-linked glycans present at Asn157 and Asn167 in the activation peptide in a one to one ratio. Spectroscopic techniques, such as far and near UV Circular Dichroism studies show comparable secondary and tertiary structures of rFIX and N9-GP. The thermally induced unfolding of rFIX and N9-GP shows that the unfolding temperature is approximately 1 °C higher for N9-GP than that of the rFIX. Furthermore, the pH dependent degradation was reduced due to the GlycoPEGylation of rFIX. GlycoPEGylated rFIX (N9-GP) is used for the manufacturing of Refixia® (nonacog beta pegol, Rebinyn®, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark).
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20
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Raguraman V, Jayasri MA, Suthindhiran K. Magnetosome mediated oral Insulin delivery and its possible use in diabetes management. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:75. [PMID: 32761252 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigates the effect of magnetosome mediated oral Insulin delivery on diabetic induced rat models. The study involves the development of Magnetosome-Insulin (MI) conjugates by direct and indirect (by means of PEG) coupling method and further characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic analysis. The in vivo oral delivery of magnetosome-Insulin conjugate against streptozotocin-induced rat models and its efficiency was investigated. The impact of MI showed a remarkable change in the reduction of FBG levels up to 65% than the standard (Insulin). Similarly, the serum parameters: triglycerides (43.81%), AST&ALT (39.4 and 57.2%), total cholesterol (43.8%) showed significant changes compared to the diabetic control. The histological results of MI treated rats were found similar to control rats. Thus, these significantly notable results on diabetic rats depicts that magnetosomes can be employed as a potential approach and a very promising alternative for the parenteral route of Insulin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varalakshmi Raguraman
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - M A Jayasri
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - K Suthindhiran
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India.
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21
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Silva AL, Elcoroaristizabal S, Ryder AG. Characterization of lysozyme PEGylation products using polarized excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2969-2984. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Silva
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway Galway County Galway Ireland
| | - Saioa Elcoroaristizabal
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway Galway County Galway Ireland
| | - Alan George Ryder
- Nanoscale BioPhotonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway Galway County Galway Ireland
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22
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Porfiryeva NN, Moustafine RI, Khutoryanskiy VV. PEGylated Systems in Pharmaceutics. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s181123822001004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Xu Y, Zhang X, Wang N, Pei X, Guo Y, Wang J, Barth S, Yu F, Lee SJ, He H, Yang VC. Cell-penetrating peptide enhanced insulin buccal absorption. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119469. [PMID: 32470482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-injectable delivery of peptides and proteins is not feasible due to the limitations of large molecular mass, high hydrophilic properties, and gastrointestinal degradation. Therefore, proposing a new method to solve this problem is a burning issue. The objective of this study was to propose a novel protein delivery strategy to overcome the poor efficacy and irritation of buccal insulin delivery. In this study, we applied a conjugate of cell-penetrating peptides (LMWP) and insulin (INS-PEG-LMWP) for buccal delivery. INS-PEG-LMWP was prepared using insulin solution and mixture as references. The transport behaviour, in vivo bioactivity, hypoglycaemic effect, and safety of INS-PEG-LMWP were systematically characterised. An in vitro study demonstrated that the uptake and transportation of INS-PEG-LMWP across buccal mucosal multilayers significantly increased. By comparing the effects of different endocytic inhibitors on INS-PEG-LMWP uptake, the conjugate might be delivered via an energy independent, electrostatically adsorbed pathway. INS-PEG-LMWP's relative pharmacological bioavailability was high and its relative bioavailability was up to 26.86%, demonstrating no visible mucosal irritation. Cell-penetrating peptides are likely to become a reliable and safe tool for overcoming insulin's low permeability through the epithelial multilayers, the major barrier to buccal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xing Pei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yiyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Stefan Barth
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Fei Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Victor C Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
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24
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Conner KP, Devanaboyina SC, Thomas VA, Rock DA. The biodistribution of therapeutic proteins: Mechanism, implications for pharmacokinetics, and methods of evaluation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107574. [PMID: 32433985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins (TPs) are a diverse drug class that include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), recombinantly expressed enzymes, hormones and growth factors, cytokines (e.g. chemokines, interleukins, interferons), as well as a wide range of engineered fusion scaffolds containing IgG1 Fc domain for half-life extension. As the pharmaceutical industry advances more potent and selective protein-based medicines through discovery and into the clinical stages of development, it has become widely appreciated that a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of TP biodistribution can aid this endeavor. This review aims to highlight the literature that has advanced our understanding of the determinants of TP biodistribution. A particular emphasis is placed on the multi-faceted role of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in mAb and Fc-fusion protein disposition. In addition, characterization of the TP-target interaction at the cell-level is discussed as an essential strategy to establish pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships that may lead to more informed human dose projections during clinical development. Methods for incorporation of tissue and cell-level parameters defining these characteristics into higher-order mechanistic and semi-mechanistic PK models will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kip P Conner
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Siva Charan Devanaboyina
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Veena A Thomas
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Dan A Rock
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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25
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Østergaard M, Mishra NK, Jensen KJ. The ABC of Insulin: The Organic Chemistry of a Small Protein. Chemistry 2020; 26:8341-8357. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Østergaard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Narendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
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26
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Lima GM, Effer B, Biasoto HP, Feijoli V, Pessoa A, Palmisano G, Monteiro G. Glycosylation of L-asparaginase from E. coli through yeast expression and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Chatterjee S, Bhushan Sharma C, Lavie CJ, Adhikari A, Deedwania P, O'keefe JH. Oral insulin: an update. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2020; 45:49-60. [DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.19.03055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Wang Y, Fu M, Wang Z, Zhu XX, Guan Y, Zhang Y. A sustained zero-order release carrier for long-acting, peakless basal insulin therapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1952-1959. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new drug carrier, which mimics physiologic basal insulin, and secretes and releases insulin at a constant rate, was designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Mian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Zuwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Canada
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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Hossain MA, Okamoto R, Karas JA, Praveen P, Liu M, Forbes BE, Wade JD, Kajihara Y. Total Chemical Synthesis of a Nonfibrillating Human Glycoinsulin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1164-1169. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | | | | | | | - Briony E. Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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30
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Sindhu R, Pradeep H, Manonmani HK. Polyethylene Glycol Acts as a Mechanistic Stabilizer of L-asparaginase: A Computational Probing. Med Chem 2019; 15:705-714. [PMID: 30727907 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190206232816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-asparaginase (L-ASN) is an anti-cancer enzyme therapeutic drug that exerts cytotoxicity via inhibition of protein synthesis through depletion of L-asparagine in the tumor microenvironment. The therapeutic performance of the native drug is partial due to the associated instability, reduced half-life and immunogenic complications. OBJECTIVE In this study, we attempted the modification of recombinant L-asparaginase with PEG and an integrated computational strategy to probe the PEGylation in the protein to understand the biological stability/activity imparted by PEG. METHODS In vitro PEGylation of recombinant L-ASN was carried out and further evaluated in silico. RESULTS PEGylation enhanced thermal and pH activities with extended serum half-life and resistance to proteases compared to the native enzyme. The molecular dynamics analysis revealed intricate interactions required in the coupling of PEG to L-asparaginase to bestow stronger binding affinity of L-asparagine moiety towards L-asparaginase. PEG-asparagine complex ensured stable conformation over both the native protein and asparagine-protein complex thus elucidating the PEG-induced stable conformation in the protein. PEG mechanistically stabilized L-asparaginase through inducing pocket modification at the receptor to adapt to the cavity. CONCLUSION The study provides the rationale of PEGylation in imparting the stability towards Lasparaginase which would expand the potential application of L-asparaginase enzyme for the effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Sindhu
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Dept., CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570 020, India
| | - Hanumanthappa Pradeep
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Dept., CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570 020, India
| | - Haravey K Manonmani
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Dept., CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570 020, India
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31
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Mastrotto F, Bellato F, Andretto V, Malfanti A, Garofalo M, Salmaso S, Caliceti P. Physical PEGylation to Prevent Insulin Fibrillation. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:900-910. [PMID: 31639392 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is one of the most marketed therapeutic proteins worldwide. However, its formulation suffers from fibrillation, which affects the long-term storage limiting the development of novel devices for sustained delivery including portable infusion devices. We have investigated the effect of physical PEGylation on structural and colloidal stability of insulin by using 2 PEGylating agents terminating with polycyclic hydrophobic moieties, cholane and cholesterol: mPEG5kDa-cholane and mPEG5kDa-cholesterol, respectively. Microcalorimetric analyses showed that mPEG5kDa-cholane and mPEG5kDa-cholesterol efficiently bind insulin with binding constants (Ka) of 3.98 104 and 1.14 105 M-1, respectively. At room temperature, the 2 PEGylating agents yielded comparable structural stabilization of α-helix conformation and decreased dimerization of insulin. However, melting studies showed that mPEG5kDa-cholesterol has superior stabilizing effect of the protein conformation than mPEG5kDa-cholane. Furthermore, the fibrillation study showed that at a 1:1 and 1:5 insulin/polymer molar ratios, mPEG5kDa-cholesterol delays insulin fibrillation 40% and 26% more efficiently, respectively, as compared to mPEG5kDa-cholane which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy imaging. Insulin was released from the mPEG5kDa-cholane and mPEG5kDa-cholesterol assemblies with comparable kinetic profiles. The physical PEGylation has a beneficial effect on the stabilization and shielding of the insulin structure into the monomeric form, which is not prone to fibrillation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Andretto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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32
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Parashar AK, Patel P, Gupta AK, Jain NK, Kurmi BD. Synthesis, Characterization andin vivoEvaluation of PEGylated PPI Dendrimer for Safe and Prolonged Delivery of Insulin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210303109666190401231920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:The present study was aimed at developing and exploring the use of PEGylated Poly (propyleneimine) dendrimers for the delivery of an anti-diabetic drug, insulin.Methods:For this study, 4.0G PPI dendrimer was synthesized by successive Michael addition and exhaustive amidation reactions, using ethylenediamine as the core and acrylonitrile as the propagating agent. Two different activated PEG moieties were employed for PEGylation of PPI dendrimers. Various physicochemical and physiological parameters UV, IR, NMR, TEM, DSC, drug entrapment, drug release, hemolytic toxicity and blood glucose level studies of both PEGylated and non- PEGylated dendritic systems were determined and compared.Results:PEGylation of PPI dendrimers caused increased solubilization of insulin in the dendritic framework as well as in PEG layers, reduced drug release and hemolytic toxicity as well as increased therapeutic efficacy with reduced side effects of insulin. These systems were found to be suitable for sustained delivery of insulin by in vitro and blood glucose-level studies in albino rats, without producing any significant hematological disturbances.Conclusion:Thus, surface modification of PPI dendrimers with PEG molecules has been found to be a suitable approach to utilize it as a safe and effective nano-carrier for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K. Parashar
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Indore 452020, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India
| | - Arun K. Gupta
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Indore 452020, India
| | - Neetesh K. Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore -452001, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India
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33
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Guo L, Xu B, Zhou D, Chang G, Fu Y, Liu L, Luo Y. Biophysical and biological characterization of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:920-927. [PMID: 31278773 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human endostatin (MES), showing potent inhibition on angiogenesis and tumour growth, has great potential as a therapeutic agent for tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biophysical and biological characterization of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin (M2 ES). Recombinant human endostatin was mono-PEGylated by conjugation with methoxy polyethylene glycol aldehyde (mPEG-ALD), and the modification site was identified by digested peptide mapping and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The purity was assessed by SDS-PAGE, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary zone electrophoresis. The physicochemical property was analyzed through fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. The bioactivity and anti-tumour efficacy of M2 ES were evaluated using an in vitro endothelial cell migration model and a null-mouse xenograft model of a prostatic cancer, respectively. M2 ES molecules contain a single 20 kDa mPEG-ALD molecule conjugated at the N-terminal portion of MES. The purity of M2 ES was greater than 98%. The physicochemical analysis demonstrated that PEGylation does not change the secondary and tertiary structure of MES. Notably, M2 ES retards endothelial cell migration and tumour growth when compared to control group. These biophysical and biological characterization study data contribute to the initiation of the ongoing clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Benshan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Daifu Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumour Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumour Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumour Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumour Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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34
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Baghban Taraghdari Z, Imani R, Mohabatpour F. A Review on Bioengineering Approaches to Insulin Delivery: A Pharmaceutical and Engineering Perspective. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800458. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Baghban Taraghdari
- Z. Baghban Taraghdari, Dr. R. Imani, F. MohabatpourDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875/4413 Iran
| | - Rana Imani
- Z. Baghban Taraghdari, Dr. R. Imani, F. MohabatpourDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875/4413 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Z. Baghban Taraghdari, Dr. R. Imani, F. MohabatpourDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875/4413 Iran
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N5A9 Canada
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35
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Zou Y, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhang D, Lu Y, Zheng M, Xue X, Geng J, Chung R, Shi B. Effective and Targeted Human Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Therapy via a Multifunctional Biomimetic Nanomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803717. [PMID: 30328157 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal central nervous system tumor without effective treatment. Chemotherapeutic agents are mainstays in the treatment of glioblastoma. However, the effectiveness of these is seriously hindered by poor blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetrance and tumor targeting, together with short biological half-life. Improved chemotherapy is thus urgently needed for GBM. Multifunctional nanoparticle delivery systems offer much promise in overcoming current limitations. Accordingly, a multifunctional biomimetic nanomedicine is developed by functionalizing the surface of red blood cell membranes (RBCms) with angiopep-2 and loading pH-sensitive nanoparticles (polymer, doxorubicin (Dox), and lexiscan (Lex)) using the functionalized cell membrane to generate the novel nanomedicine, Ang-RBCm@NM-(Dox/Lex). The studies toward orthotopic U87MG human glioblastoma tumor-bearing nude mice show that the Ang-RBCm@NM-(Dox/Lex) nanomedicine has much improved blood circulation time, superb BBB penetration, superior tumor accumulation and retention. Moreover, effective suppression of tumor growth and significantly improved medium survival time are also observed after Ang-RBCm@NM-(Dox/Lex) treatment. The results show that this biomimetic nanoplatform can serve as a flexible and powerful system for GBM treatment which can be readily adapted for the treatment of other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation; School of Life Sciences; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation; School of Life Sciences; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation; School of Life Sciences; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation; School of Life Sciences; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation; School of Life Sciences; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation; School of Life Sciences; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Pharmacy; Nankai University; Tianjin 300050 P. R. China
| | - Jia Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Roger Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation; School of Life Sciences; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
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36
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PEGylation may reduce allergenicity and improve gelling properties of protein isolate from black kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Bioresponsive release of insulin-like growth factor-I from its PEGylated conjugate. J Control Release 2018; 279:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Lee J, Ko JH, Mansfield KM, Nauka PC, Bat E, Maynard HD. Glucose-Responsive Trehalose Hydrogel for Insulin Stabilization and Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1700372. [PMID: 29665232 PMCID: PMC5986559 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective delivery of therapeutic proteins is important for many biomedical applications. Yet, the stabilization of proteins during delivery and long-term storage remains a significant challenge. Herein, a trehalose-based hydrogel is reported that stabilizes insulin to elevated temperatures prior to glucose-triggered release. The hydrogel is synthesized using a polymer with trehalose side chains and a phenylboronic acid end-functionalized 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The hydroxyls of the trehalose side chains form boronate ester linkages with the PEG boronic acid cross-linker to yield hydrogels without any further modification of the original trehalose polymer. Dissolution of the hydrogel is triggered upon addition of glucose as a stronger binder to boronic acid (Kb = 2.57 vs 0.48 m-1 for trehalose), allowing the insulin that is entrapped during gelation to be released in a glucose-responsive manner. Moreover, the trehalose hydrogel stabilizes the insulin as determined by immunobinding after heating up to 90 °C. After 30 min heating, 74% of insulin is detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the presence of the trehalose hydrogel, whereas only 2% is detected without any additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kathryn M Mansfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peter C Nauka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Erhan Bat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Guan X, Chaffey PK, Wei X, Gulbranson DR, Ruan Y, Wang X, Li Y, Ouyang Y, Chen L, Zeng C, Koelsch TN, Tran AH, Liang W, Shen J, Tan Z. Chemically Precise Glycoengineering Improves Human Insulin. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:73-81. [PMID: 29090903 PMCID: PMC6287623 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a leading cause of death worldwide and results in over 3 million annual deaths. While insulin manages the disease well, many patients fail to comply with injection schedules, and despite significant investment, a more convenient oral formulation of insulin is still unavailable. Studies suggest that glycosylation may stabilize peptides for oral delivery, but the demanding production of homogeneously glycosylated peptides has hampered transition into the clinic. We report here the first total synthesis of homogeneously glycosylated insulin. After characterizing a series of insulin glycoforms with systematically varied O-glycosylation sites and structures, we demonstrate that O-mannosylation of insulin B-chain Thr27 reduces the peptide's susceptibility to proteases and self-association, both critical properties for oral dosing, while maintaining full activity. This work illustrates the promise of glycosylation as a general mechanism for regulating peptide activity and expanding its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Patrick K. Chaffey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daniel R Gulbranson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yaohao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Liqun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Chen Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Theo N. Koelsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Amy H. Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingshi Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Gerislioglu S, Adams SR, Wesdemiotis C. Characterization of singly and multiply PEGylated insulin isomers by reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography interfaced with ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1004:58-66. [PMID: 29329709 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to protein drugs (PEGylation) is increasingly utilized in the biotherapeutics field because it improves significantly the drugs' circulatory half-life, solubility, and shelf-life. The activity of a PEGylated drug depends on the number, size, and location of the attached PEG chain(s). This study introduces a 2D separation approach, including reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), in order to determine the structural properties of the conjugates, as demonstrated for a PEGylated insulin sample that was prepared by random amine PEGylation. The UPLC dimension allowed separation based on polarity. Electrospray ionization (ESI) of the eluates followed by in-source dissociation (ISD) truncated the PEG chains and created insulin fragments that provided site-specific information based on whether they contained a marker at the potential conjugation sites. Separation of the latter fragments by size and charge in the orthogonal IM dimension (pseudo-4D UPLC-ISD-IM-MS approach) enabled clear detection and identification of the positional isomers formed upon PEGylation. The results showed a highly heterogeneous mixture of singly and multiply conjugated isomers plus unconjugated material. PEGylation was observed on all three possible attachment sites (ε-NH2 of LysB29, A- and B-chain N-termini). Each PEGylation site was validated by analysis of the same product after disulfide bond cleavage, so that the PEGylated A- and B- chain could be individually characterized with the same pseudo-4D UPLC-ISD-IM-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Gerislioglu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Scott R Adams
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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41
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Gedawy A, Martinez J, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. Oral insulin delivery: existing barriers and current counter-strategies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 70:197-213. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The chronic and progressive nature of diabetes is usually associated with micro- and macrovascular complications where failure of pancreatic β-cell function and a general condition of hyperglycaemia is created. One possible factor is failure of the patient to comply with and adhere to the prescribed insulin due to the inconvenient administration route. This review summarizes the rationale for oral insulin administration, existing barriers and some counter-strategies trialled.
Key findings
Oral insulin mimics the physiology of endogenous insulin secreted by pancreas. Following the intestinal absorption of oral insulin, it reaches the liver at high concentration via the portal vein. Oral insulin on the other hand has the potential to protect pancreatic β-cells from autoimmune destruction. Structural modification, targeting a particular tissue/receptor, and the use of innovative pharmaceutical formulations such as nanoparticles represent strategies introduced to improve oral insulin bioavailability. They showed promising results in overcoming the hurdles facing oral insulin delivery, although delivery is far from ideal.
Summary
The use of advanced pharmaceutical technologies and further research in particulate carrier system delivery predominantly nanoparticle utilization would offer useful tools in delivering insulin via the oral route which in turn would potentially improve diabetic patient compliance to insulin and the overall management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gedawy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Jorge Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Guichard MJ, Leal T, Vanbever R. PEGylation, an approach for improving the pulmonary delivery of biopharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Chan LJ, Feeney OM, Leong NJ, McLeod VM, Porter CJ, Williams CC, Kaminskas LM. An Evaluation of Optimal PEGylation Strategies for Maximizing the Lymphatic Exposure and Antiviral Activity of Interferon after Subcutaneous Administration. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2866-2875. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte C. Williams
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Kaminskas
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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44
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Xie J, Lu Y, Wang W, Zhu H, Wang Z, Cao Z. Simple Protein Modification Using Zwitterionic Polymer to Mitigate the Bioactivity Loss of Conjugated Insulin. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28337855 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-protein conjugation has been extensively explored toward a better protein drug with improved pharmacokinetics. However, a major problem with polymer-protein conjugation is that the polymers drastically reduce the bioactivity of the modified protein. There is no perfect solution to prevent the bioactivity loss, no matter the polymer is conjugated in a non-site specific way, or a more complex site-specific procedure. Here the authors report for the first time that when zwitterionic carboxybetaine polymer (PCB) is conjugated to insulin through simple conventional coupling chemistry. The resulting PCB-insulin does not show a significant reduction of in vitro bioactivity. The obtained PCB-insulin shows two significant advantages as a novel pharmaceutical agent. First, its therapeutic performance is remarkable. For PCB-insulin, there is a 24% increase of in vivo pharmacological activity of lowering blood glucose compared with native insulin. Such uncommonly seen increase has rarely been reported and is expected to be due to both the improved pharmacokinetics and retained bioactivity of PCB-insulin. Second, the production is simple from manufacturing standpoints. Conjugation procedure involves only one-step coupling reaction without complex site-specific linkage technique. The synthesized PCB-insulin conjugates do not require chromatographic separation to purify and obtain particular isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Wayne State University; Detroit MA 48202 USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Wayne State University; Detroit MA 48202 USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Wayne State University; Detroit MA 48202 USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Wayne State University; Detroit MA 48202 USA
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Wayne State University; Detroit MA 48202 USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Wayne State University; Detroit MA 48202 USA
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45
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Muñoz-Garach A, Molina-Vega M, Tinahones FJ. How Can a Good Idea Fail? Basal Insulin Peglispro [LY2605541] for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2017; 8:9-22. [PMID: 27896568 PMCID: PMC5306113 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-016-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lack of control in diabetic patients has stimulated the development of new insulin analogues. One of these was basal insulin peglispro (BIL) or LY2605541; it had a large hydrodynamic size, flat pharmacokinetic profile, half life of 2-3 days and acted preferably in the liver. METHODS We reviewed the recent literature examining the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of BIL treatment in type 2 diabetes patients. RESULTS The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic outline of BIL seemed to have an advantage over neutral protamine Hagedorn and glargine insulins. Recently, phase 3 studies suggested BIL was superior to glargine in reducing glucose levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients in addition to causing less weight gain. It showed a different hypoglycaemia rate profile depending on the study population, with less nocturnal hypoglycaemia compared to glargine. Unfortunately, it caused higher transaminase and triglyceride levels, which led the company to discontinue development. The decision came after it had been analysed by the regulatory authorities and other external experts concerning the worse liver profile data from the IMAGINE trials. CONCLUSIONS BIL was an adequate basal insulin analogue with interesting specific properties. Unfortunately the disadvantages as shown in the lipid values and liver function tests led to its failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Muñoz-Garach
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Universitary Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IBIMA foundation, Malaga, Spain
| | - María Molina-Vega
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Universitary Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IBIMA foundation, Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Universitary Hospital, Malaga, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IBIMA foundation, Malaga, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain.
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46
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Ohata J, Ball ZT. Ascorbate as a pro-oxidant: mild N-terminal modification with vinylboronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1622-1625. [PMID: 28094358 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe divergent reactivity of vinylboronic acids for protein modification. In addition to previously reported copper-catalyzed backbone N-H modification, ascorbate in air mediates N-terminal functionalization with the same vinylboronate reagents. This mild and selective aqueous reactivity enables selective single-modification of the B chain of human insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ohata
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas, USA.
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47
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Hirotsu T, Higashi T, Abu Hashim II, Misumi S, Wada K, Motoyama K, Arima H. Self-Assembly PEGylation Retaining Activity (SPRA) Technology via a Host-Guest Interaction Surpassing Conventional PEGylation Methods of Proteins. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:368-376. [PMID: 28032772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification (PEGylation) is one of the best approaches to improve the stabilities and blood half-lives of protein drugs; however, PEGylation dramatically reduces the bioactivities of protein drugs. Here, we present "self-assembly PEGylation retaining activity" (SPRA) technology via a host-guest interaction between PEGylated β-cyclodextrin (PEG-β-CyD) and adamantane-appended (Ad) proteins. PEG-β-CyD formed stable complexes with Ad-insulin and Ad-lysozyme to yield SPRA-insulin and SPRA-lysozyme, respectively. Both SPRA-proteins showed high stability against heat and trypsin digest, comparable with that of covalently PEGylated protein equivalents. Importantly, the SPRA-lysozyme possessed ca. 100% lytic activity, whereas the activity of the covalently PEGylated lysozyme was ca. 23%. Additionally, SPRA-insulin provided a prolonged and peakless blood glucose profile when compared with insulin glargine. It also showed no loss of activity. In contrast, the covalently PEGylated insulin showed a negligible hypoglycemic effect. These findings indicate that SPRA technology has potential as a generic method, surpassing conventional PEGylation methods for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Hirotsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Irhan Ibrahim Abu Hashim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Koki Wada
- Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd. , 30 Tajima, Fuji, Shizuoka 417-8539, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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48
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Liu Y, Lee J, Mansfield KM, Ko JH, Sallam S, Wesdemiotis C, Maynard HD. Trehalose Glycopolymer Enhances Both Solution Stability and Pharmacokinetics of a Therapeutic Protein. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:836-845. [PMID: 28044441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been successfully conjugated to therapeutic proteins to enhance their pharmacokinetics. However, many of these polymers, including PEG, only improve the in vivo lifetimes and do not protect proteins against inactivation during storage and transportation. Herein, we report a polymer with trehalose side chains (PolyProtek) that is capable of improving both the external stability and the in vivo plasma half-life of a therapeutic protein. Insulin was employed as a model biologic, and high performance liquid chromatography and dynamic light scattering confirmed that addition of trehalose glycopolymer as an excipient or covalent conjugation prevented thermal or agitation-induced aggregation of insulin. The insulin-trehalose glycopolymer conjugate also showed significantly prolonged plasma circulation time in mice, similar to the analogous insulin-PEG conjugate. The insulin-trehalose glycopolymer conjugate was active as tested by insulin tolerance tests in mice and retained bioactivity even after exposure to high temperatures. The trehalose glycopolymer was shown to be nontoxic to mice up to at least 1.6 mg/kg dosage. These results together suggest that the trehalose glycopolymer should be further explored as an alternative to PEG for long circulating protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive, East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University , Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive, East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kathryn M Mansfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive, East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive, East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sahar Sallam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron , 190 East Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron , 190 East Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive, East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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49
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Turecek PL, Bossard MJ, Schoetens F, Ivens IA. PEGylation of Biopharmaceuticals: A Review of Chemistry and Nonclinical Safety Information of Approved Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:460-475. [PMID: 26869412 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Modification of biopharmaceutical molecules by covalent conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules is known to enhance pharmacologic and pharmaceutical properties of proteins and other large molecules and has been used successfully in 12 approved drugs. Both linear and branched-chain PEG reagents with molecular sizes of up to 40 kDa have been used with a variety of different PEG derivatives with different linker chemistries. This review describes the properties of PEG itself, the history and evolution of PEGylation chemistry, and provides examples of PEGylated drugs with an established medical history. A trend toward the use of complex PEG architectures and larger PEG polymers, but with very pure and well-characterized PEG reagents is described. Nonclinical toxicology findings related to PEG in approved PEGylated biopharmaceuticals are summarized. The effect attributed to the PEG part of the molecules as observed in 5 of the 12 marketed products was cellular vacuolation seen microscopically mainly in phagocytic cells which is likely related to their biological function to absorb and remove particles and macromolecules from blood and tissues. Experience with marketed PEGylated products indicates that adverse effects in toxicology studies are usually related to the active part of the drug but not to the PEG moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary J Bossard
- Nektar Therapeutics, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Huntsville, Alabama 35801-5914
| | | | - Inge A Ivens
- Bayer, Toxicology, San Francisco, California 94158
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50
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Abstract
The covalent modification of therapeutic biomolecules has been broadly explored, leading to a number of clinically approved modified protein drugs. These modifications are typically intended to address challenges arising in biopharmaceutical practice by promoting improved stability and shelf life of therapeutic proteins in formulation, or modifying pharmacokinetics in the body. Toward these objectives, covalent modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been a common direction. Here, a platform approach to biopharmaceutical modification is described that relies on noncovalent, supramolecular host-guest interactions to endow proteins with prosthetic functionality. Specifically, a series of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7])-PEG conjugates are shown to substantially increase the stability of three distinct protein drugs in formulation. Leveraging the known and high-affinity interaction between CB[7] and an N-terminal aromatic residue on one specific protein drug, insulin, further results in altering of its pharmacological properties in vivo by extending activity in a manner dependent on molecular weight of the attached PEG chain. Supramolecular modification of therapeutic proteins affords a noncovalent route to modify its properties, improving protein stability and activity as a formulation excipient. Furthermore, this offers a modular approach to append functionality to biopharmaceuticals by noncovalent modification with other molecules or polymers, for applications in formulation or therapy.
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