1
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Zhang T, Xie Z, Zheng X, Liang Y, Lu Y, Zhong H, Qian F, Zhu Y, Sun R, Sheng Y, Hu J. CRISPR-Cas12a powered hybrid nanoparticle for extracellular vesicle aggregation and in-situ microRNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 245:115856. [PMID: 37995623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Efficient extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment and timely internal RNA detection for cancer diagnostics are highly desirable and remain a challenge. Here, we report a rapid EV aggregation induced in-situ microRNA detection technology based on cationic lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating cascade system of catalytic hairpin assembly and CRISPR-Cas12a (CLHN-CCC), allowing for EV enrichment in three-dimensional space and in-situ detection of internal microRNAs in one step within 30 min. The enrichment efficiency (>90%) of CLHN-CCC is demonstrated in artificial EVs, cell-secreted EVs and serum EVs, which is 5-fold higher than that of traditional ultracentrifugation. The sensitive detection of artificial EVs and internal miR-1290 was achieved with the limit of detection of 10 particles/μL and 0.07 amol, respectively. After lyophilization, CLHN-CCC shows no obvious loss of performance within 6 months, making it much more robust and user friendly. This technique could sensitively (sensitivity = 92.9%) and selectively (selectivity = 85.7%) identify low amount miR-1290 in serum EVs, distinguishing early-stage pancreatic cancer patients from healthy subjects, showing high potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenghua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zihui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaohe Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuxin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yao Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Hankang Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Feiyang Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ruiting Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Yan Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Jiaming Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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2
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Nanotechnology for DNA and RNA delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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3
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Pol T, Chonkaew W, Hocharoen L, Niamnont N, Butkhot N, Roshorm YM, Kiatkamjornwong S, Hoven VP, Pratumyot K. Amphiphilic Chitosan Bearing Double Palmitoyl Chains and Quaternary Ammonium Moieties as a Nanocarrier for Plasmid DNA. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10056-10068. [PMID: 35382269 PMCID: PMC8973028 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic chitosan, bPalm-CS-HTAP, having N-(2-((2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl) (bPalm) groups as double hydrophobic tails and O-[(2-hydroxyl-3-trimethylammonium)] propyl (HTAP) groups as hydrophilic heads was synthesized and evaluated for its self-assembly properties and potential as a gene carrier. The degree of bis-palmitoyl group substitution (DS bPalm) and the degree of quaternization (DQ) were approximately 2 and 56%, respectively. bPalm-CS-HTAP was found to assemble into nanosized spherical particles with a hydrodynamic diameter (D H) of 265.5 ± 7.40 nm (PDI = 0.5) and a surface charge potential of 40.1 ± 0.04 mV. bPalm-CS-HTAP condensed the plasmid pVAX1.CoV2RBDme completely at a bPalm-CS-HTAP:pDNA ratio of 2:1. The self-assembled bPalm-CS-HTAP/pDNA complexes could enter HEK 293A and CHO cells and enabled gene expression at negligible cytotoxicity compared to commercial PEI (20 kDa). These results suggested that bPalm-CS-HTAP can be used as a promising nonviral gene carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thev Pol
- Organic
Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi, Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung
Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Wunpen Chonkaew
- Sustainable
Polymer & Innovative Composite Materials Research Group, Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi, Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Lalintip Hocharoen
- Bioprocess
Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), National Biopharmaceutical
Facility (NBF), King Mongkut’s University
of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkhuntian-Chai Thale Road, Tha Kham, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Organic
Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi, Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung
Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Namphueng Butkhot
- Division
of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntian-Chai Thale Road, Tha Kham, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm
- Division
of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntian-Chai Thale Road, Tha Kham, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Suda Kiatkamjornwong
- FRST,
Academy of Science, Office of the Royal Society, Sanam Suea Pa, Khet Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
- Office of
Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road,
Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Voravee P. Hoven
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Phayathai
Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Materials and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kornkanya Pratumyot
- Organic
Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi, Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung
Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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4
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Li Z, Zhang L, Jiang K, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Hu G, Song J. Biosafety assessment of delivery systems for clinical nucleic acid therapeutics. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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5
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Yang C, Lin ZI, Chen JA, Xu Z, Gu J, Law WC, Yang JHC, Chen CK. Organic/Inorganic Self-Assembled Hybrid Nano-Architectures for Cancer Therapy Applications. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100349. [PMID: 34735739 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the conceptualization of nanomedicine, numerous nanostructure-mediated drug formulations have progressed into clinical trials for treating cancer. However, recent clinical trial results indicate such kind of drug formulations has a limited improvement on the antitumor efficacy. This is due to the biological barriers associated with those formulations, for example, circulation stability, extravasation efficiency in tumor, tumor penetration ability, and developed multi-drug resistance. When employing for nanomedicine formulations, pristine organic-based and inorganic-based nanostructures have their own limitations. Accordingly, organic/inorganic (O/I) hybrids have been developed to integrate the merits of both, and to minimize their intrinsic drawbacks. In this context, the recent development in O/I hybrids resulting from a self-assembly strategy will be introduced. Through such a strategy, organic and inorganic building blocks can be self-assembled via either chemical covalent bonds or physical interactions. Based on the self-assemble procedure, the hybridization of four organic building blocks including liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and polymeric nanocapsules with five functional inorganic nanoparticles comprising gold nanostructures, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, quantum dots, and silica nanoparticles will be highlighted. The recent progress of these O/I hybrids in advanced modalities for combating cancer, such as, therapeutic agent delivery, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy will be systematically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jian-An Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason Hsiao Chun Yang
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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6
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Bulk and Microfluidic Synthesis of Stealth and Cationic Liposomes for Gene Delivery Applications. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2020; 2197:253-269. [PMID: 32827142 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0872-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes the synthesis of stealth and cationic liposomes and their complexation with plasmid DNA to generate lipoplexes for gene delivery applications. Two techniques are presented: a top-down approach which requires a second step of processing for downsizing the liposomes (i.e., ethanol injection method) and a microfluidic technique that explores the diffusion of ethanol in water to allow the proper lipid self-assembly. The synthesis of stealth liposomes is also a challenge since the use of poly(ethylene glycol) favors the formation of oblate micelles. In this protocol, the stealth cationic liposome synthesis by exploring the high ionic strength to overcome the formation of secondary structures like micelles is described. Finally, the electrostatic complexation between cationic liposomes and DNA is described, indicating important aspects that guarantee the formation of uniform lipoplexes.
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7
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Rasoulianboroujeni M, Kupgan G, Moghadam F, Tahriri M, Boughdachi A, Khoshkenar P, Ambrose J, Kiaie N, Vashaee D, Ramsey J, Tayebi L. Development of a DNA-liposome complex for gene delivery applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:191-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Peruzzi J, Gutierrez MG, Mansfield K, Malmstadt N. Dynamics of Hydrogel-Assisted Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Formation from Unsaturated Lipid Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12702-12709. [PMID: 27934517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While current research is centered on observing biophysical properties and phenomena in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), little is known about fabrication parameters that control GUV formation. Using different lipids and rehydration buffers, we directly observe varying dynamics of hydrogel-assisted GUV formation via fluorescence microscopy. We observe the effects of buffer ionic strength, osmolarity, agarose density, and pH on the formation of GUVs using neutral and charged lipids. We find that increasing rehydration buffer ionic strength correlates with increased vesicle size and rate of GUV formation. Increasing buffer acidity increased the rate of GUV formation, while more basic environments slowed the rate. For buffers containing 500 mM sucrose, GUV formation was overall inhibited and only tubules formed. Observations of GUV formation dynamics elucidate parametric effects of charge, ionic strength, pH, and osmolarity, demonstrating the versatility of this biomimetic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Peruzzi
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California , 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - M Gertrude Gutierrez
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California , 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Kylee Mansfield
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California , 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Noah Malmstadt
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California , 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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9
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George R, Cavalcante R, Jr CC, Marques E, Waugh JB, Unlap MT. Use of siRNA molecular beacons to detect and attenuate mycobacterial infection in macrophages. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:164-181. [PMID: 26309818 PMCID: PMC4543811 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases plaguing mankind and is mediated by the facultative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Once the pathogen enters the body, it subverts the host immune defenses and thrives for extended periods of time within the host macrophages in the lung granulomas, a condition called latent tuberculosis (LTB). Persons with LTB are prone to reactivation of the disease when the body’s immunity is compromised. Currently there are no reliable and effective diagnosis and treatment options for LTB, which necessitates new research in this area. The mycobacterial proteins and genes mediating the adaptive responses inside the macrophage is largely yet to be determined. Recently, it has been shown that the mce operon genes are critical for host cell invasion by the mycobacterium and for establishing a persistent infection in both in vitro and in mouse models of tuberculosis. The YrbE and Mce proteins which are encoded by the MTB mce operons display high degrees of homology to the permeases and the surface binding protein of the ABC transports, respectively. Similarities in structure and cell surface location impute a role in cell invasion at cholesterol rich regions and immunomodulation. The mce4 operon is also thought to encode a cholesterol transport system that enables the mycobacterium to derive both energy and carbon from the host membrane lipids and possibly generating virulence mediating metabolites, thus enabling the bacteria in its long term survival within the granuloma. Various deletion mutation studies involving individual or whole mce operon genes have shown to be conferring varying degrees of attenuation of infectivity or at times hypervirulence to the host MTB, with the deletion of mce4A operon gene conferring the greatest degree of attenuation of virulence. Antisense technology using synthetic siRNAs has been used in knocking down genes in bacteria and over the years this has evolved into a powerful tool for elucidating the roles of various genes mediating infectivity and survival in mycobacteria. Molecular beacons are a newer class of antisense RNA tagged with a fluorophore/quencher pair and their use for in vivo detection and knockdown of mRNA is rapidly gaining popularity.
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10
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Gu L, Nusblat LM, Tishbi N, Noble SC, Pinson CM, Mintzer E, Roth CM, Uhrich KE. Cationic amphiphilic macromolecule (CAM)-lipid complexes for efficient siRNA gene silencing. J Control Release 2014; 184:28-35. [PMID: 24727076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The accumulated evidence has shown that lipids and polymers each have distinct advantages as carriers for siRNA delivery. Composite materials comprising both lipids and polymers may present improved properties that combine the advantage of each. Cationic amphiphilic macromolecules (CAMs) containing a hydrophobic alkylated mucic acid segment and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tail were non-covalently complexed with two lipids, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), to serve as a siRNA delivery vehicle. By varying the weight ratio of CAM to lipid, cationic complexes with varying compositions were obtained in aqueous media and their properties evaluated. CAM-lipid complex sizes were relatively independent of composition, ranging from 100 to 200nm, and zeta potentials varied from 10 to 30mV. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the spherical morphology of the complexes. The optimal N/P ratio was 50 as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The ability to achieve gene silencing was evaluated by anti-luciferase siRNA delivery to a U87-luciferase cell line. Several weight ratios of CAM-lipid complexes were found to have similar delivery efficiency compared to the gold standard, Lipofectamine. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that siRNA binds more tightly at pH=7.4 than pH=5 to CAM-lipid (1:10 w/w). Further intracellular trafficking studies monitored the siRNA escape from the endosomes at 24h following transfection of cells. The findings in the paper indicate that CAM-lipid complexes can serve as a novel and efficient siRNA delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Leora M Nusblat
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Nasim Tishbi
- Yeshiva University, Stern College for Women, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Sarah C Noble
- Yeshiva University, Stern College for Women, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Chaya M Pinson
- Yeshiva University, Stern College for Women, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Evan Mintzer
- Yeshiva University, Stern College for Women, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Charles M Roth
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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11
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Yan X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang PG, Chu X, Wang X. Amphiphilic polyethylenimine (PEI) as highly efficient non-viral gene carrier. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1975-82. [PMID: 24549264 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and safe gene vectors are important for gene therapy. Here, a novel family of amphiphilic polyethylenimine (PEI) LD1-PEI bearing a polar group of branched PEI 25K and four dodecyl chains was developed. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the formation of complexes. The transfection activity of the amphiphilic carrier was evaluated in different cell lines. The in vitro study showed that LD1-PEI showed a higher transfection efficiency with improved biocompatibility than PEI 25K. Serum showed almost no or only a slight effect on LD1-PEI/DNA transfection efficiency. In summary, LD1-PEI is a promising nonviral gene carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, China
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12
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Huang X, Dong X, Li X, Meng X, Zhang D, Liu C. Metal–polybenzimidazole complexes as a nonviral gene carrier: Effects of the DNA affinity on gene delivery. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Carboranyl-porphyrazines and derivatives for boron neutron capture therapy: From synthesis to in vitro tests. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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O'Brien JA, Lummis SCR. Biolistic transfection of neurons in organotypic brain slices. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 940:157-66. [PMID: 23104341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-110-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Transfection of postmitotic neurons is one of the most challenging goals in the field of gene delivery. Currently most procedures use dissociated cell cultures but organotypic slice preparations have significant advantages as an experimental system; they preserve the three-dimensional architecture and local environment of neurons, yet still allow access for experimental manipulations and observations. However exploring the effects of novel genes in these preparations requires a technique that can efficiently transfect cells deep into tissues. Here we show that biolistic transfection is an effective and straightforward technique with which to transfect such cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A O'Brien
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Sadasivam M, Avci P, Gupta GK, Lakshmanan S, Chandran R, Huang YY, Kumar R, Hamblin MR. Self-assembled liposomal nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2013; 5. [PMID: 24348377 DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2013-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs the combination of non-toxic photosensitizers (PS) together with harmless visible light of the appropriate wavelength to produce reactive oxygen species that kill unwanted cells. Because many PS are hydrophobic molecules prone to aggregation, numerous drug delivery vehicles have been tested to solubilize these molecules, render them biocompatible and enhance the ease of administration after intravenous injection. The recent rise in nanotechnology has markedly expanded the range of these nanoparticulate delivery vehicles beyond the well-established liposomes and micelles. Self-assembled nanoparticles are formed by judicious choice of monomer building blocks that spontaneously form a well-oriented 3-dimensional structure that incorporates the PS when subjected to the appropriate conditions. This self-assembly process is governed by a subtle interplay of forces on the molecular level. This review will cover the state of the art in the preparation and use of self-assembled liposomal nanoparticles within the context of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magesh Sadasivam
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gaurav K Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rakkiyappan Chandran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Pathology Department, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Raj Kumar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Effect of unsaturated alkyl chains on transfection activity of poly(amidoamine) dendron-bearing lipids. J Control Release 2012; 160:552-60. [PMID: 22516096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier study, we developed a new type of gene vector using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendron-bearing lipids and reported that their transfection activity was affected by their structures, such as dendron generation and alkyl chain length. In this study, for improvement of their performance as gene vectors, we examined the effect of unsaturated chains of the dendron-bearing lipids using DL-G1-2C(18), which consists of PAMAM G1 dendron moiety and two octadecyl chains, and achieved the most efficient transfection activity among the dendron-bearing lipids having saturated alkyl chains, and DL-G1-2C(18)-U2, which consists of the same dendron-moiety and two octadecenyl chains. DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 showed a higher ability to form lipoplexes with plasmid DNA than DL-G1-2C(18). The DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 lipoplexes exhibited much smaller particle sizes than the DL-G1-2C(18). In addition, the DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 lipoplexes exhibited more efficient transfection of HeLa cells than DL-G1-2C(18) did. Results demonstrate the importance of unsaturated chains for the production of the dendron-bearing lipids having excellent gene transfection performance. Without the help of additional fusogenic lipids such as dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 lipoplexes achieved the highly efficient transfection of the cells without marked cellular toxicity, in the presence of serum. Therefore, DL-G1-2C(18)-U2 might be promising as a potent gene vector.
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Kono K, Ikeda R, Tsukamoto K, Yuba E, Kojima C, Harada A. Polyamidoamine dendron-bearing lipids as a nonviral vector: influence of dendron generation. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:871-9. [PMID: 22372849 DOI: 10.1021/bc200368b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that octadecyl chains are important as alkyl chain moieties of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendron-bearing lipids for their serum-resistant transfection activity [Bioconjugate Chem.2007, 18, 1349-1354]. Toward production of highly potent vectors, we examined the influence of the generation of dendron moiety on transfection activity of PAMAM dendron-bearing lipids having two octadecyl chains. We synthesized dendron-bearing lipids with PAMAM G1, G2, and G3 dendrons, designated respectively as DL-G1-2C(18), DL-G2-2C(18), and DL-G3-2C(18). The DL-G2-2C(18) and DL-G3-2C(18) interacted with plasmid DNA effectively and formed stable lipoplexes with small sizes and spherical shape. However, DL-G1-2C(18) interacted with plasmid DNA less effectively and formed tubular-shaped lipoplexes with lower stability and larger size. Cells took up DL-G2-2C(18) and DL-G3-2C(18) lipoplexes efficiently, but cellular uptake of the DL-G1-2C(18) lipoplexes was less efficient. Nevertheless, DL-G1-2C(18) lipoplexes achieved 100-10 000 times higher levels of transgene expression, which was evaluated using luciferase gene as a reporter gene. Confocal scanning laser microscopic analysis of intracellular behaviors of the lipoplexes revealed that DL-G1-2C(18) lipoplexes generated free plasmid DNA molecules in the cytosol more effectively than other lipoplexes did. Moderate binding ability of DL-G1-2C(18) might be responsible for generation of lipoplexes which deliver plasmid DNA into cells, liberate it in the cytoplasm, and induce efficient transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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18
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Yu H, Chen Y. Nanotechnology for DNA and RNA delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1533/9780857096449.2.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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19
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20
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Marchini C, Pozzi D, Montani M, Alfonsi C, Amici A, De Sanctis SC, Digman MA, Sanchez S, Gratton E, Amenitsch H, Fabbretti A, Gualerzi CO, Caracciolo G. Role of temperature-independent lipoplex-cell membrane interactions in the efficiency boost of multicomponent lipoplexes. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:543-52. [PMID: 21394110 PMCID: PMC3940159 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent lipoplexes have recently emerged as especially promising transfection candidates, as they are from 10 to 100 times more efficient than binary complexes usually employed for gene delivery purposes. Previously, we investigated a number of chemical-physical properties of DNA-lipid complexes that were proposed to affect transfection efficiency (TE) of lipoplexes, such as nanoscale structure, size, surface potential, DNA-protection ability and DNA release from complexes upon interaction with cellular lipids. Although some minor differences between multicomponent and binary lipoplexes were found, they did not correlate clearly with efficiency. Instead, here we show that a marked difference between the cell internalization mechanism of binary and multicomponent lipoplexes does exist. Multicomponent lipoplexes significantly transfect cells at 4 °C, when endocytosis does not take place suggesting that they can enter cells via a temperature-independent mechanism. Confocal fluorescence microscopy experiments showed the existence of a correlation between endosomal escape and TE. Multicomponent lipoplexes exhibited a distinctive ability of endosomal escape and release DNA into the nucleus, whereas, poorly efficient binary lipoplexes exhibited minor, if any, endosomal rupture ability and remained confined in perinuclear late endosomes. Stopped-flow mixing measurements showed that the fusion rates of multicomponent cationic liposomes with anionic vesicles, used as model systems of cell membranes, were definitely shorter than those of binary liposomes. As either lipoplex uptake and endosomal escape involve fusion between lipoplex and cellular membranes, we suggest that a mechanism of lipoplex-cellular membrane interaction, driven by lipid mixing between cationic and anionic cellular lipids, does explain the TE boost of multicomponent lipoplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marchini
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - D Pozzi
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Montani
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - C Alfonsi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - A Amici
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - S Candeloro De Sanctis
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - MA Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Sanchez
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - E Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - H Amenitsch
- Institute of Biophysics and Nanosystems Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - A Fabbretti
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - CO Gualerzi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - G Caracciolo
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Caracciolo G, Pozzi D, Capriotti AL, Marianecci C, Carafa M, Marchini C, Montani M, Amici A, Amenitsch H, Digman MA, Gratton E, Sanchez SS, Laganà A. Factors Determining the Superior Performance of Lipid/DNA/Protammine Nanoparticles over Lipoplexes. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4160-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200237p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marianecci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Maura Montani
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Biophysics and Nanosystems Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedelstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria
| | - Michelle A. Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2715, United States
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2715, United States
| | - Susana S. Sanchez
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2715, United States
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Fundación CNIC-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Zhang J, Lei Y, Dhaliwal A, Ng QKT, Du J, Yan M, Lu Y, Segura T. Protein−Polymer Nanoparticles for Nonviral Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1006-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Anandika Dhaliwal
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Quinn KT Ng
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ming Yan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Carvajal-Ramos F, González-Álvarez A, Roger Vega-Acosta J, Valdez-Pérez D, Fernández Escamilla VVA, Macías Balleza ER, Félix Armando Soltero Martínez J. Phase and Rheological Behavior of Cetyldimethylbenzylammonium Salicylate (CDBAS) and Water. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-010-1223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Hema Sagar G, Tiwari MD, Bellare JR. Flow Cytometry As a Novel Tool to Evaluate and Separate Vesicles Using Characteristic Scatter Signatures. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:10010-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1027433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giddi Hema Sagar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, and Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai- 400076, India
| | - Manu D. Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, and Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai- 400076, India
| | - Jayesh R. Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, and Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai- 400076, India
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Takahashi T, Yuba E, Kojima C, Harada A, Kono K. Synthesis of a polyamidoamine dendron-bearing lipid having sugar moieties and its use for preparation of nonviral gene vectors. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-009-0083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Ditto AJ, Shah PN, Lopina ST, Yun YH. Nanospheres formulated from l-tyrosine polyphosphate as a potential intracellular delivery device. Int J Pharm 2009; 368:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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The correlation between fusion capability and transfection activity in hybrid complexes of lipoplexes and pH-sensitive liposomes. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4029-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fletcher S, Ahmad A, Price WS, Jorgensen MR, Miller AD. Biophysical properties of CDAN/DOPE-analogue lipoplexes account for enhanced gene delivery. Chembiochem 2008; 9:455-63. [PMID: 18186098 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Typically, cationic liposomes are formulated from the combination of a synthetic cationic lipid (cytofectin) and a neutral, biologically available co-lipid. However, the use of cationic liposome formulations to mediate gene delivery to cells is hampered by a paradox. Cationic lipids, such as N(1)-cholesteryloxycarbonyl-3-7-diazanonane-1,9-diamine (CDAN), are needed to ensure the formation of cationic liposome-DNA (lipoplex, LD) particles by plasmid DNA (pDNA) condensation, as well as for efficient cell binding of LD particles and intracellular trafficking of pDNA post-intracellular delivery by endocytosis. However, the same cationic lipids can exhibit toxicity, and also promote LD particle colloidal instability, leading to aggregation. This results from electrostatic interactions with anionic agents in biological fluids, particularly in vivo. One of the most commonly used neutral, bioavailable co-lipids, dioleoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), has been incorporated into many cationic liposome formulations owing to its fusogenic characteristics that are associated with a preference for the inverted hexagonal (H(II)) phase-a phase typical of membrane-membrane fusion events. However, these same fusogenic characteristics also destabilize LD particles substantially with respect to aggregation, in vitro and especially in vivo. Therefore, there is a real need to engineer more stable cationic liposome systems with lower cellular toxicity. We hypothesize that one way to achieve this goal should be to find the means to reduce the mol fraction of cationic lipid in cationic liposomes without impairing the overall transfection efficiency, by replacing DOPE with an alternative co-lipid with fusogenic properties "tuned" with a greater preference for the more stable lamellar phases than DOPE is able to achieve. Herein, we document the syntheses of triple bond variants of DOPE, and their formulation into a range of low charge, low cationic lipid containing LD systems. The first indications are that our hypothesis is correct in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fletcher
- Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Kim HR, Kim IK, Bae KH, Lee SH, Lee Y, Park TG. Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles reconstituted from low density lipoprotein components for delivery of siRNA. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:622-31. [PMID: 18461969 DOI: 10.1021/mp8000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), reconstituted from natural components of protein-free low-density lipoprotein, were used to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA). The cationic SLN was prepared using a modified solvent-emulsification method. The composition was 45% (w/w) cholesteryl ester, 3% (w/w) triglyceride, 10% (w/w) cholesterol, 14% (w/w) dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and 28% (w/w) 3beta-[ N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol (DC-chol). The SLN had a mean diameter of 117+/-12 nm and a surface zeta potential value of +41.76+/-2.63 mV. A reducible conjugate of siRNA and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (siRNA-PEG) was anchored onto the surface of SLN via electrostatic interactions, resulting in stable complexes in buffer solution and in even 10% serum. Under an optimal weight ratio of DC-chol of SLN and siRNA-PEG conjugate, the complexes exhibited higher gene silencing efficiency of GFP and VEGF than that of polyethylenimine (PEI) 25K with showing much reduced cell cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry results also showed that siRNA-PEG/SLN complexes were efficiently taken up by cells. Surface-modified and reconstituted protein-free LDL mimicking SLN could be utilized as noncytotoxic, serum-stable, and highly effective carriers for delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ryoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Sakaguchi N, Kojima C, Harada A, Koiwai K, Shimizu K, Emi N, Kono K. Generation of highly potent nonviral gene vectors by complexation of lipoplexes and transferrin-bearing fusogenic polymer-modified liposomes in aqueous glucose solution. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1262-72. [PMID: 18076985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that complexation of lipoplexes containing 3,5-dipentadecyloxybenzamidine (TRX-20) and transferrin-bearing succinylated poly(glycidol) (SucPG)-modified liposome, which becomes fusogenic under weakly acidic conditions, might produce gene carriers with high transfection activity. For the present study, we prepared the lipoplex-SucPG-modified liposome complexes by mixing them either in phosphate-buffered saline or in an aqueous 5% glucose solution. The complexes prepared in phosphate-buffered saline have large particles of more than 800 nm, whereas the complexes prepared in the glucose solution were remarkably small: 200-300 nm. The small complexes were taken up more effectively by HeLa cells, and their transfection was induced more efficiently than the large complexes'. In addition, the small complexes achieved cellular transfection more efficiently in the presence of serum than in the absence of serum, without marked cytotoxicity. Considering that their affinity to the cell is based on ligand-receptor interaction, the small complexes are highly promising as a safe vector with high transfection activity and high target cell specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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Salvati A, Ristori S, Pietrangeli D, Oberdisse J, Calamai L, Martini G, Ricciardi G. Insertion of a magnesium(II)-octacarboranyl(hexylsulfanyl) porphyrazine into liposomes: A physico-chemical study. Biophys Chem 2007; 131:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Salvati A, Ristori S, Oberdisse J, Spalla O, Ricciardi G, Pietrangeli D, Giustini M, Martini G. Small Angle Scattering and Zeta Potential of Liposomes Loaded with Octa(carboranyl)porphyrazine. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10357-64. [PMID: 17696389 DOI: 10.1021/jp0731710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the physicochemical characterization of liposomes loaded with a newly synthesized carboranyl porphyrazine (H2HECASPz) is described. This molecule represents a potential drug for different anticancer therapies, such as boron neutron capture therapy and for photodynamic therapy or photothermal therapy. Different loading methods and different lipid mixtures were tested. The corresponding loaded vectors were studied by small angle scattering, light scattering, and zeta potential. The combined analysis of structural data at various lengths of scales and the measurement of the surface charge allowed us to obtain a detailed characterization of the investigated systems. The mechanisms underlying the onset of differences in relevant physicochemical parameters (size, polydispersity, and charge) were also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salvati
- University of Firenze, Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verres et Nanomatériaux (LCVN), Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
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Takahashi T, Hirose J, Kojima C, Harada A, Kono K. Synthesis of Poly(amidoamine) Dendron-Bearing Lipids with Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafts and Their Use for Stabilization of Nonviral Gene Vectors. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1163-9. [PMID: 17569497 DOI: 10.1021/bc070014v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we developed a new type of cationic lipid that consists of an amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendron and two long alkyl groups. These dendron-bearing lipids achieved efficient gene transfection of cells through synergetic action of the proton sponge effect and membrane fusion in combination with fusogenic lipid dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Using those dendron-bearing lipids as a base material, we developed in this study a functional component of gene vectors that stabilizes lipoplexes by multiple PEG chains and promotes gene transfection through the proton sponge effect. We combined a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, 550 Da) graft to each of four chain ends of the G2 dendron-bearing lipid (P4-DL). An analogous molecule having single PEG graft was also synthesized using the G0 dendron-bearing lipid (P1-DL). Inclusion of P4-DL decreased the size of the G3 dendron-bearing lipid-based lipoplexes more efficiently than P1-DL. In addition, P4-DL-containing lipoplexes exhibited two-orders-higher transfection efficiency than P1-DL-containing lipoplexes with the same PEG graft density. These results indicate the superiority of multiple attachments of PEG graft chains to a lipid for heightened ability to increase colloidal stability of lipoplexes while retaining their transfection activity. The lipoplexes stabilized by P4-DL were small, around 250 nm, and achieved efficient transfection in the presence of serum. Therefore, P4-DL and its analogues will form the basis for production of efficient nonviral vectors for in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Ahmed OAA, Pourzand C, Blagbrough IS. Varying the unsaturation in N4,N9-dioctadecanoyl spermines: nonviral lipopolyamine vectors for more efficient plasmid DNA formulation. Pharm Res 2006; 23:31-40. [PMID: 16382281 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-8717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of varying the degree of unsaturation in synthesized N4,N9-dioctadecanoyl spermines on DNA condensation and then to compare their transfection efficiency in cell culture. METHODS The N4,N9-di-C18 lipopolyamines-saturated (stearoyl), C9-cis- (oleoyl), and C9,12-di-cis- (linoleoyl)-were synthesized from the naturally occurring polyamine spermine. The ability of these novel compounds to condense DNA and form nanoparticles was studied using ethidium bromide fluorescence quenching and nanoparticle characterization techniques. Transfection efficiency was studied in several primary skin cells (FEK4, FCP4, FCP5, FCP7, and FCP8) and in an immortalized cancer cell line (HtTA) and was compared with the commercially available nonliposomal transfection formulation Transfectam (dioctadecylamidoglycyl spermine), which also contains two saturated C18 lipid chains. RESULTS N4,N9-Dilinoleoyl spermine (C18, di-cis-9,12) is efficient at circular plasmid DNA (pEGFP) condensation and gives the most effective transfection in a series of primary skin cells and cancer cell lines at low charge ratios of 5.5 (+/-ammonium/phosphate). CONCLUSIONS The dienoic fatty acyl spermine conjugate N4,N9-dilinoleoyl spermine efficiently condenses DNA and achieves the highest transfection levels among the studied lipopolyamines in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Tamaddon AM, Shirazi FH, Moghimi HR. Modeling cytoplasmic release of encapsulated oligonucleotides from cationic liposomes. Int J Pharm 2006; 336:174-82. [PMID: 17196349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transfection activity of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN)-loaded cationic liposomes is mainly restricted by uptake and ODN release into cytoplasm, which is difficult to evaluate in cell culture studies. Well-designed models of cellular membranes, aim of the present study, might facilitate investigation of such processes. In this investigation, a phosphorothioate ODN was actively encapsulated in a DODAP-containing cationic liposome by ethanol injection with 73% efficiency. ODN release was determined by fluorescence dequenching of FITC-ODN upon incubation of liposomes with early endosomal (EE), late endosomal (LE) and plasma membranes (PM) models. LE provided the highest release (up to 76%) in a temperature-dependent manner. Release by EE (<16%), total PM (<11%) and PM external layer ( approximately 0) were not temperature sensitive. These differences are attributed to lipid charge, chain mobility, critical packing parameter and cholesterol content of the models. Intracellular distribution of FITC-ODN, determined by fluorescence microscopy and flowcytometry in the presence and absence of sodium azide, confirmed that liposomes were internalized mainly via endocytosis; hence inability of our PL models to simulate such active processes. Instead, release of ODN from endosomes into cytoplasm was pH-sensitive and in good agreement with model membrane studies in terms of amount and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Tamaddon
- School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, PO Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
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Sakaguchi N, Kojima C, Harada A, Koiwai K, Shimizu K, Emi N, Kono K. Enhancement of transfection activity of lipoplexes by complexation with transferrin-bearing fusogenic polymer-modified liposomes. Int J Pharm 2006; 325:186-90. [PMID: 16844328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed complexes of lipoplexes containing 3beta-(N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl)cholesterol (DC-chol) and succinylated poly(glycidol)-modified liposome, which becomes fusogenic under weakly acidic condition, for use as a novel gene delivery system. This study explored the effect of lipoplex structures--the type of cationic lipid and cationic lipid/DNA charge ratio--on the transfection activity of those complexes. Three types of cationic lipid with different polar groups were used for the preparation of lipoplexes: DC-chol, N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methylsulfate (DOTAP), and 3,5-dipentadecyloxybenzamidine (TRX-20) with dimethylamino group, trimethylammonium group, and benzamidine group, respectively. Complexation with the SucPG-modified transferrin-bearing liposomes affected transfection activity of these lipoplexes differently. The TRX-20 lipoplexes exhibited the most marked enhancement of transfection activity upon complexation with the SucPG-modified liposomes among these lipoplexes. The cationic lipid/DNA charge ratio of the lipoplex and the amount of the transferrin-bearing SucPG-modified liposomes associated to the lipoplex also affected the transfection activity of the resultant complexes. Highly potent gene vectors were obtained by adjusting these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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37
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Harada A, Kataoka K. Supramolecular assemblies of block copolymers in aqueous media as nanocontainers relevant to biological applications. Prog Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Segota S, Tezak D. Spontaneous formation of vesicles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 121:51-75. [PMID: 16769012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
his review highlights the relevant issues of spontaneous formation of vesicles. Both the common characteristics and the differences between liposomes and vesicles are given. The basic concept of the molecular packing parameter as a precondition of vesicles formation is discussed in terms of geometrical factors, including the volume and critical length of the amphiphile hydrocarbon chain. According to theoretical considerations, the formation of vesicles occurs in the systems with packing parameters between 1/2 and 1. Using common as well as new methods of vesicle preparation, a variety of structures is described, and their nomenclature is given. With respect to sizes, shapes and inner structures, vesicles structures can be formed as a result of self-organisation of curved bilayers into unilamellar and multilamellar closed soft particles. Small, large and giant uni-, oligo-, or multilamellar vesicles can be distinguished. Techniques for determination of the structure and properties of vesicles are described as visual observations by optical and electron microscopy as well as the scattering techniques, notably dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray and neutron scattering. Some theoretical aspects are described in short, viz., the scattering and the inverse scattering problem, angular and time dependence of the scattering intensity, the principles of indirect Fourier transformation, and the determination of electron density of the system by deconvolution of p(r) function. Spontaneous formation of vesicles was mainly investigated in catanionic mixtures. A number of references are given in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Segota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, P.O. Box 163, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia
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39
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Mbamala EC, Fahr A, May S. Electrostatic model for mixed cationic-zwitterionic lipid bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:5129-36. [PMID: 16700604 DOI: 10.1021/la060180b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The current interest in mixed cationic-zwitterionic lipid membranes derives from their potential use as transfer vectors in nonviral gene therapy. Mixed cationic-zwitterionic lipid membranes have a number of structural properties that are distinct from the corresponding anionic-zwitterionic lipid membranes. As known from experiment and reproduced by computer simulations, the average cross-sectional area per lipid changes nonmonotonically with the mole fraction of the charged lipid, passing through a minimum at a roughly equimolar mixture. At the same time, the average orientation of the zwitterionic headgroup dipoles changes from more parallel to the membrane plane to more perpendicular. We suggest a simple mean-field model that reveals the physical mechanisms underlying the observed structural properties. To backup the mean-field calculations, we have also performed Monte Carlo simulations. Our model extends Poisson-Boltzmann theory to include (besides the cationic headgroup charges) the individual charges of the zwitterionic lipid headgroups. We model these charges to be arranged as dipoles of fixed length with rotational degrees of freedom. Our model includes, in a phenomenological manner, the changes in steric headgroup interactions upon reorientation of the zwitterionic headgroups. Our numerical results suggest that two different mechanisms contribute to the observed structural properties: one involves the lateral electrostatic pressure and the other the zwitterionic headgroup orientation, the latter modifying steric headgroup interactions. The two mechanisms operate in parallel as they both originate in the electrostatic properties of the involved lipids. We have also applied our model to a mixed anionic-zwitterionic lipid membrane for which neither a significant headgroup reorientation nor a nonmonotonic change in the average lateral cross-sectional area is predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Mbamala
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105-5566, USA
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Süleymanoğlu E. Preparation and phase behaviour of surface-active pharmaceuticals: self-assembly of DNA and surfactants with membranes. Differential adiabatic scanning microcalorimetric study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:701-10. [PMID: 16023120 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some energetics issues relevant to preparation and surface characterization of zwitterionic phospholipid-DNA self-assemblies, as alternative models of the currently used problematic lipoplexes are presented. Nucleic acid compaction capacities of Mg(2+) and N-alkyl-N,N,N-trimetylammonium ions (C(n)TMA, n=12) were compared, with regard to surface interaction with unilamellar vesicles. Differential adiabatic scanning microcalorimetric measurements of synthetic phosphatidylcholine liposomes and calf thymus DNA and their ternary complexes with Mg(2+) and C(12)TMA, were employed for deduction of the thermodynamic model describing their structural transitions. Small monodisperce and highly stable complexes are established after precompaction of DNA with detergent, followed by addition of liposomes. In contrast, divalent metal cation-mediated aggregation of vesicles either leads to heterogeneous multilamellar DNA-lipid arrangements, or to DNA-induced bilayer destabilization and lipid fusion. Possible dependence of the cellular internalization and gene transfection efficiency on the structure and physicochemical properties of DNA-Mg(2+)-liposomes or DNA-cationic surfactant-liposome systems is emphasized by proposing the structure of their molecular self-organizations with further implications in gene transfer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Süleymanoğlu
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, J.A. Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83-232 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic.
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Ciani L, Ristori S, Salvati A, Calamai L, Martini G. DOTAP/DOPE and DC-Chol/DOPE lipoplexes for gene delivery: zeta potential measurements and electron spin resonance spectra. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2004; 1664:70-9. [PMID: 15238260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Revised: 04/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral vectors represent an important alternative in gene delivery. Among these vectors, cationic liposomes are widely studied, because of their ability to form stable complexes with DNA fragments (lipoplexes). In the present work, we report on the characterization by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements of cationic liposomes and of their complexes with oligonucleotides. Liposomes were made with a zwitterionic lipid, DOPE, and a cationic lipid, either DOTAP or DC-Chol. Oligonucleotides were the 20-base single strand polyA, the 20-base single strand polyT, and the corresponding double strand dsAT. The zeta potential as a function of the oligonucleotide/lipid+ ratio gave an S-shaped titration curve. Well-defined surface potential changes took place upon charge compensation between the cationic lipid heads and the phosphate groups on the oligonucleotides. The inversion point depended on the specific system under study. The bilayer properties and the changes that occurred with the incorporation of DNA fragments were also monitored by ESR spectroscopy of appropriately tailored spin probes. For all the systems investigated, the ESR spectra showed that no major alteration took place after lipoplex formation and molecular packing remained substantially unchanged. Both zeta potential and ESR measurements were in favor of an external mode of packing of the lipoplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ciani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia, 3 50019 Sesto F. no, Florence, Italy
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Jääskeläinen I, Lappalainen K, Honkakoski P, Urtti A. Requirements for delivery of active antisense oligonucleotides into cells with lipid carriers. Methods Enzymol 2004; 387:210-30. [PMID: 15172166 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)87013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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Gurtovenko AA, Patra M, Karttunen M, Vattulainen I. Cationic DMPC/DMTAP lipid bilayers: molecular dynamics study. Biophys J 2004; 86:3461-72. [PMID: 15189847 PMCID: PMC1304252 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.103.038760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic lipid membranes are known to form compact complexes with DNA and to be effective as gene delivery agents both in vitro and in vivo. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations for a detailed atomistic study of lipid bilayers consisting of a mixture of cationic dimyristoyltrimethylammonium propane (DMTAP) and zwitterionic dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). Our main objective is to examine how the composition of the DMPC/DMTAP bilayers affects their structural and electrostatic properties in the liquid-crystalline phase. By varying the mole fraction of DMTAP, we have found that the area per lipid has a pronounced nonmonotonic dependence on the DMTAP concentration, with a minimum around the point of equimolar DMPC/DMTAP mixture. We show that this behavior has an electrostatic origin and is driven by the interplay between positively charged TAP headgroups and the zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) heads. This interplay leads to considerable reorientation of PC headgroups for an increasing DMTAP concentration, and gives rise to major changes in the electrostatic properties of the lipid bilayer, including a significant increase of total dipole potential across the bilayer and prominent changes in the ordering of water in the vicinity of the membrane. Moreover, chloride counterions are bound mostly to PC nitrogens implying stronger screening of PC heads by Cl ions compared to TAP headgroups. The implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Gurtovenko
- Laboratory of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland.
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Lampela P, Soininen P, Urtti A, Männistö PT, Raasmaja A. Synergism in gene delivery by small PEIs and three different nonviral vectors. Int J Pharm 2004; 270:175-84. [PMID: 14726133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have reported earlier that a combination of low-molecular weight polyethylenimines (PEIs) with the cationic liposome, Dosper, results in a synergistic increase in the transfection efficiency. Now we have investigated whether this synergism is a general mechanism seen with other transfection reagents as well. Therefore, we have combined the low-molecular weight PEIs (MW 700 and 2000) with Dotap (a monocationic liposome), Lipofectamine (a combination of neutral and polycationic liposome), and Superfect (a dendrimer). The highest synergism was achieved with Lipofectamine and PEIs in the SMC cells, or with Dotap and PEIs in the C6 cells. Superfect did not induce any synergism. The combinations did not cause any changes in DNA condensing ability measured with ethidium bromide exclusions. The proton pump inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, had similar effects in both cell lines. Interestingly, the combination of Dosper (a positive control) and PEI caused the most effective transfection synergism in the presence of serum, although Lipofectamine, with or without PEIs, was a very potent reagent demonstrating the best transfection efficiency in the absence of serum. It is suggested that the PEI/Dosper-mediated synergism in the transfection efficiency may be a general mechanism for liposomal transfection reagents, although the effects can vary depending on cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasi Lampela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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45
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Takahashi T, Kono K, Itoh T, Emi N, Takagishi T. Synthesis of novel cationic lipids having polyamidoamine dendrons and their transfection activity. Bioconjug Chem 2003; 14:764-73. [PMID: 12862429 DOI: 10.1021/bc025663f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We designed a novel type of cationic lipid, lipids with a cationic polar group in the polyamidoamine dendron, because these dendron-bearing lipids are expected to form complexes with plasmid DNA and achieve efficient transfection of cells by synergy of endosome buffering and membrane fusion with the endosome, both of which are useful for the promotion of the transfer of plasmid DNA from endosome to cytosol. Four kinds of lipids with polyamidoamine dendrons of first to fourth generations, DL-G1, DL-G2, DL-G3, and DL-G4, were synthesized. The lipid with a dendron of a higher generation exhibited greater ability to form lipoplexes with plasmid DNA, as estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis. While the DL-G1 lipoplex did not transfect CV1 cells, the lipoplexes containing the DL-G2, DL-G3, or DL-G4 could induce transfection of the cells, and their activity was elevated with increasing generation of the dendron. Addition of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), which is known to increase fusion ability of a lipid membrane, into the lipoplexes greatly enhanced their transfection activity. In addition, the comparison with DC-Chol-containing lipoplex, which is widely used as a nonviral vector, showed that the DL-G3-DOPE lipoplex exhibits more efficient transfections. These findings imply that these dendron-bearing lipids may form the basis for a novel family of cationic lipids for efficient gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Takahashi
- Department of Applied Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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46
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Lampela P, Elomaa M, Ruponen M, Urtti A, Männistö PT, Raasmaja A. Different synergistic roles of small polyethylenimine and Dosper in gene delivery. J Control Release 2003; 88:173-83. [PMID: 12586514 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight PEIs and cationic liposomes can be combined resulting in a synergistic increase in transfection efficiency as we have reported earlier. Here, we have further investigated the potential mechanisms of this synergy. Complex morphology, complex sizes and DNA condensation were studied using transmission electron microscopy, light scattering methods and ethidium bromide exclusion, respectively. Cellular uptake, transfection efficiency, and effect of proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1 were examined in cell cultures. The cellular uptake of DNA was negligible with PEI2K-DNA complexes, whereas the uptake of the PEI2K-DNA-Dosper or the Dosper-DNA complexes was maximally about 40%. The number of transfected cells was two times higher with PEI2K-DNA-Dosper complexes than with Dosper-DNA complexes. The PEI2K-DNA-Dosper combination was slightly less sensitive to bafilomycin A1 than the PEI25K-DNA or Dosper-DNA complexes. There were no differences between PEI2K and PEI25K in DNA condensation. Dosper condensed DNA slightly more in PEI2K complexes. The PEI25K-DNA complexes were much smaller (<250 nm) than the PEI2K-DNA complexes (0.5-12 micro m) which were also rather polydisperse. It is suggested that two independent mechanisms would lead to synergistic transfection efficiency: (1) Dosper improves the cellular uptake of PEI2K-DNA complexes, and (2) PEI2K improves a transfer of the complexes from lysosomes to nucleus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Azides/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemical Phenomena
- Chemistry, Physical
- DNA/administration & dosage
- DNA/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/chemistry
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Green Fluorescent Proteins
- Luminescent Proteins/biosynthesis
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Macrolides
- Microscopy, Electron
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Particle Size
- Plasmids/genetics
- Polyethyleneimine/chemistry
- Proton Pump Inhibitors
- Rabbits
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasi Lampela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kuopio, P.O.B. 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Bramwell VW, Eyles JE, Somavarapu S, Alpar HO. Liposome/DNA complexes coated with biodegradable PLA improve immune responses to plasmid encoding hepatitis B surface antigen. Immunology 2002; 106:412-8. [PMID: 12100730 PMCID: PMC1782737 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the addition of polymer to the surface of liposome/DNA complexes may potentially enhance in vivo delivery of plasmid DNA to antigen-presenting cells and thereby facilitate enhanced immune responses to encoded protein. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously or intramuscularly three times with a total of 50 microg of the plasmid pRc/CMV-HBs(S) (ayw subtype) encoding for the hepatitis B surface antigen. We measured transgene-specific total immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG1 antibody responses as well as splenocyte and T-cell proliferation and cytokine production upon re-stimulation following immunization. Modification of lipid/DNA complexes by the polymer precipitation method used here for the addition of poly(d,l-lactic acid) was found to be consistently and significantly more effective than either unmodified liposomal DNA or naked DNA in eliciting transgene-specific immune responses to plasmid-encoded antigen when administered by the subcutaneous route. In addition, the polymer-modified formulations delivered by this route were more effective than naked DNA delivered by the intramuscular route in inducing antibody responses (n=5, P<0.03). Our observations provide 'proof of principle' for the use of these multicomponent formulations, which offer potential for manipulation and increased transfection efficiency in vivo for the purposes of genetic immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W Bramwell
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK
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48
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Maier O, Oberle V, Hoekstra D. Fluorescent lipid probes: some properties and applications (a review). Chem Phys Lipids 2002; 116:3-18. [PMID: 12093532 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Odd as it may seem, experimental challenges in lipid research are often hampered by the simplicity of the lipid structure. Since, as in protein research, mutants or overexpression of lipids are not realistic, a considerable amount of lipid research relies on the use of tagged lipid analogues. However, given the size of an average lipid molecule, special care is needed for the selection of probes, since if the size and intramolecular localization of the probe is not specifically taken into account, it may dramatically affect the properties of the lipids. The latter is particularly important in cell biological studies of lipid trafficking and sorting, where the probed lipid should resemble its natural counterpart as closely as possible. On the other hand, for biophysical applications, these considerations may be less critical. Here we provide a brief overview of the application of several lipid probes in cell biological and biophysical research, and critically analyze their validity in the various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Maier
- Department of Membrane Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Hyvönen Z, Ruponen M, Rönkkö S, Suhonen P, Urtti A. Extracellular and intracellular factors influencing gene transfection mediated by 1,4-dihydropyridine amphiphiles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2002; 15:449-60. [PMID: 12036722 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(02)00031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Double-charged 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) amphiphiles have been shown to condense DNA and efficiently transfect it into cells in vitro [Hyvönen et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1509 (2000) 451]. Alkyl chain length and buffering capacity at endosomal pH range (5.0-7.4) affected complexation and transfection activity. In this study we examined how those chemical modifications of amphiphile-DNA complexes (amphiplexes) affect their interactions with extracellular polyanions (glycosaminoglycans, albumin) and lipid bilayers, their cellular uptake and intracellular distribution. To evaluate cellular uptake, CV1-P cells were incubated with labeled DNA-amphiphile complexes and analyzed by flow cytometry. Confocal laser fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the intracellular distribution of amphiplexes. The results showed that biophysical properties of compounds can be changed by slight structural modifications. These factors determine the intracellular kinetics and transfection efficacy of the compounds. Some extracellular glycosaminoglycans and serum interfere with 1,4-DHP-amphiphile-mediated transfection by destabilizing the amphiplexes. Neither high cellular uptake, membrane destabilizing activity nor buffering capacity alone is adequate for high transfection efficacy. The activity results from complex interplay of various factors that determine intracellular kinetics and, consequently, transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanna Hyvönen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, Finland.
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50
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Ferrari ME, Rusalov D, Enas J, Wheeler CJ. Synergy between cationic lipid and co-lipid determines the macroscopic structure and transfection activity of lipoplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:1808-16. [PMID: 11937635 PMCID: PMC113211 DOI: 10.1093/nar/30.8.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The large number of cytofectin and co-lipid combinations currently used for lipoplex-mediated gene delivery reflects the fact that the optimal cytofectin/co-lipid combination varies with the application. The effects of structural changes in both cytofectin and co-lipid were systematically examined to identify structure-activity relationships. Specifically, alkyl chain length, degree of unsaturation and the head group to which the alkyl side chain was attached were examined to determine their effect on lipoplex structure and biological activity. The macroscopic lipoplex structure was assessed using a dye-binding assay and the biological activity was examined using in vitro transfection in three diverse cell lines. Lipoplexes were formulated in three different vehicles currently in use for in vivo delivery of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) and lipoplex formulations. The changes in dye accessibility were consistent with structural changes in the lipoplex, which correlated with alterations in the formulation. In contrast, transfection activity of different lipoplexes was cell type and vehicle dependent and did not correlate with dye accessibility. Overall, the results show a correlation between transfection and enhanced membrane fluidity in both the lipoplex and cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn E Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Vical Incorporated, 9373 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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