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Cham ED, Peng TI, Jou MJ. Pathological Role of High Sugar in Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defect-Augmented Mitochondrial Stress. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:639. [PMID: 39194577 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
According to many research groups, high glucose induces the overproduction of superoxide anions, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generally being considered the link between high glucose levels and the toxicity seen at cellular levels. Respiratory complex anomalies can lead to the production of ROS. Calcium [Ca2+] at physiological levels serves as a second messenger in many physiological functions. Accordingly, mitochondrial calcium [Ca2+]m overload leads to ROS production, which can be lethal to the mitochondria through various mechanisms. F1F0-ATPase (ATP synthase or complex V) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the final step of oxidative phosphorylation. This is achieved by F1F0-ATPase coupling the translocation of protons in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and shuttling them to the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis to take place. Mitochondrial complex V T8993G mutation specifically blocks the translocation of protons across the intermembrane space, thereby blocking ATP synthesis and, in turn, leading to Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome. This study seeks to explore the possibility of [Ca2+]m overload mediating the pathological roles of high glucose in defective respiratory chain-mediated mitochondrial stress. NARP cybrids are the in vitro experimental models of cells with F1FO-ATPase defects, with these cells harboring 98% of mtDNA T8993G mutations. Their counterparts, 143B osteosarcoma cell lines, are the parental cell lines used for comparison. We observed that NARP cells mediated and enhanced the death of cells (apoptosis) when incubated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and high glucose, as depicted using the MTT assay of cell viability. Furthermore, using fluorescence probe-coupled laser scanning confocal imaging microscopy, NARP cells were found to significantly enable mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation and enhance the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Elucidating the mechanisms of sugar-enhanced toxicity on the mitochondria may, in the future, help to alleviate the symptoms of patients with NARP syndromes and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrima D Cham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Peng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jie Jou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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2
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Jung YL, Yang YJ, Shil A, Sarkar S, Ahn KH. Anticancer Prodrug Capable of Mitochondria-Targeting, Light-Triggered Release, and Fluorescence Monitoring. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3991-3996. [PMID: 38835291 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitigating the adverse effects of anticancer agents requires innovative prodrug engineering. In this study, we showcase the potential of our o-quinone methide-based trigger-release-conjugation platform as a versatile tool for constructing advanced prodrug systems. Using this platform, we achieved the light-triggered release of an anticancer drug mechlorethamine, targeting mitochondrial DNA. The entire process was adeptly tracked through the emission of fluorescence signals, revealing notable effects across various cancer cell lines compared to a normal cell line. Exploring alternative cancer-associated triggers, including enzymes, and incorporating cancer/tumor-specific targeting elements could lead to effective prodrugs with reduced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lim Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Yun Jae Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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3
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Pulipaka S, Chempon H, Singuru G, Sahoo S, Shaikh A, Kumari S, Thennati R, Kotamraju S. Mitochondria-targeted esculetin and metformin delay endothelial senescence by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation: Relevance in age-associated atherosclerosis. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111931. [PMID: 38554949 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) plays a role in the onset of several age-associated diseases, including atherosclerosis. In the current work, we investigated the efficacies of mitochondria-targeted esculetin (Mito-Esc) and metformin in enhancing FAO in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and its relevance in the delay of cellular senescence and age-associated atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apoe-/- mice. Chronic culturing of HAECs with either Mito-Esc or metformin increased oxygen consumption rates (OCR), and caused delay in senescence features. Conversely, etomoxir (CPT1 inhibitor) reversed Mito-Esc- and metformin-induced OCR, and caused premature endothelial senescence. Interestingly, Mito-Esc, unlike metformin, in the presence of etomoxir failed to preserve OCR. Thereby, underscoring Mito-Esc's exclusive reliance on FAO as an energy source. Mechanistically, chronic culturing of HAECs with either Mito-Esc or metformin led to AMPK activation, increased CPT1 activity, and acetyl-CoA levels along with a concomitant reduction in malonyl-CoA levels, and lipid accumulation. Similar results were observed in Apoe-/- mice aorta and liver tissue with a parallel reduction in age-associated atherosclerotic plaque formation and degeneration of liver with either Mito-Esc or metformin administration. Together, Mito-Esc and metformin by potentiating FAO, may have a role in the delay of cellular senescence by modulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriravali Pulipaka
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hridya Chempon
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gajalakshmi Singuru
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shashikanta Sahoo
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Altab Shaikh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sunita Kumari
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajamannar Thennati
- High Impact Innovations-Sustainable Health Solutions (HISHS), Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara 390012, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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4
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Singh D. Revolutionizing cellular energy: The convergence of mitochondrial dynamics and delivery technologies. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101873. [PMID: 38503363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The intersection of mitochondrial dynamics and delivery technologies heralds a paradigm shift in cellular biology and therapeutic intervention. Mitochondrial dynamics, encompassing fusion, fission, transport, and mitophagy, are critical for cellular energy production, signaling, and homeostasis. Dysregulation of these processes is implicated in a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Concurrently, advances in delivery technologies, such as nanocarriers, targeted delivery systems, and gene editing tools, offer unprecedented opportunities to manipulate mitochondrial function directly. This review synthesizes current knowledge on mitochondrial dynamics, examines recent breakthroughs in targeted delivery methods, and explores their potential convergence to modulate cellular energetics for therapeutic purposes. By integrating insights from biology, chemistry, and bioengineering, this review highlights the innovative approaches being developed to enhance mitochondrial function, underscoring the potential of this convergence to address complex diseases. This interdisciplinary perspective not only broadens our understanding of cellular processes but also paves the way for novel therapeutic strategies, marking a significant step forward in the quest for precision medicine and targeted interventions in mitochondrial-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India.
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5
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Tao L, Xue YF, Sun FF, He X, Wang HQ, Tong CC, Zhang C, Xu DX, Chen X. MitoQ protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte ferroptosis and acute liver injury by suppressing mtROS-mediated ACSL4 upregulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116914. [PMID: 38522585 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis has been shown to be involved in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). The mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant MitoQ can eliminate the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). This study investigated the role of MitoQ in CCl4-induced hepatocytic ferroptosis and ALI. MDA and 4HNE were elevated in CCl4-induced mice. In vitro, CCl4 exposure elevated the levels of oxidized lipids in HepG2 cells. Alterations in the mitochondrial ultrastructure of hepatocytes were observed in the livers of CCl4-evoked mice. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) attenuated CCl4-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial ultrastructure alterations and ALI. Mechanistically, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) was upregulated in CCl4-exposed human hepatocytes and mouse livers. The ACSL4 inhibitor rosiglitazone alleviated CCl4-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and ALI. ACSL4 knockdown inhibited oxidized lipids in CCl4-exposed human hepatocytes. Moreover, CCl4 exposure decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and OXPHOS subunit levels and increased the mtROS level in HepG2 cells. Correspondingly, MitoQ pretreatment inhibited the upregulation of ACSL4 in CCl4-evoked mouse livers and HepG2 cells. MitoQ attenuated lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro after CCl4 exposure. Finally, MitoQ pretreatment alleviated CCl4-induced hepatocytic ferroptosis and ALI. These findings suggest that MitoQ protects against hepatocyte ferroptosis in CCl4-induced ALI via the mtROS-ACSL4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Yu-Feng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Fei-Fei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Hong-Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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6
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Koch RE, Okegbe C, Ramanathan C, Zhu X, Hare E, Toomey MB, Hill GE, Zhang Y. Captivity affects mitochondrial aerobic respiration and carotenoid metabolism in the house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus). J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246980. [PMID: 38634224 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In many species of animals, red carotenoid-based coloration is produced by metabolizing yellow dietary pigments, and this red ornamentation can be an honest signal of individual quality. However, the physiological basis for associations between organism function and the metabolism of red ornamental carotenoids from yellow dietary carotenoids remains uncertain. A recent hypothesis posits that carotenoid metabolism depends on mitochondrial performance, with diminished red coloration resulting from altered mitochondrial aerobic respiration. To test for an association between mitochondrial respiration and red carotenoids, we held wild-caught, molting male house finches in either small bird cages or large flight cages to create environmental challenges during the period when red ornamental coloration is produced. We predicted that small cages would present a less favorable environment than large flight cages and that captivity itself would decrease both mitochondrial performance and the abundance of red carotenoids compared with free-living birds. We found that captive-held birds circulated fewer red carotenoids, showed increased mitochondrial respiratory rates, and had lower complex II respiratory control ratios - a metric associated with mitochondrial efficiency - compared with free-living birds, though we did not detect a difference in the effects of small cages versus large cages. Among captive individuals, the birds that circulated the highest concentrations of red carotenoids had the highest mitochondrial respiratory control ratio for complex II substrate. These data support the hypothesis that the metabolism of red carotenoid pigments is linked to mitochondrial aerobic respiration in the house finch, but the mechanisms for this association remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Koch
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Chidimma Okegbe
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | | | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Ethan Hare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Matthew B Toomey
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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7
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Desai S, Grefte S, van de Westerlo E, Lauwen S, Paters A, Prehn JHM, Gan Z, Keijer J, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Koopman WJH. Performance of TMRM and Mitotrackers in mitochondrial morphofunctional analysis of primary human skin fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149027. [PMID: 38109971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and morphology are considered key readouts of mitochondrial functional state. This morphofunction can be studied using fluorescent dyes ("probes") like tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) and Mitotrackers (MTs). Although these dyes are broadly used, information comparing their performance in mitochondrial morphology quantification and Δψ-sensitivity in the same cell model is still scarce. Here we applied epifluorescence microscopy of primary human skin fibroblasts to evaluate TMRM, Mitotracker Red CMXros (CMXros), Mitotracker Red CMH2Xros (CMH2Xros), Mitotracker Green FM (MG) and Mitotracker Deep Red FM (MDR). All probes were suited for automated quantification of mitochondrial morphology parameters when Δψ was normal, although they did not deliver quantitatively identical results. The mitochondrial localization of TMRM and MTs was differentially sensitive to carbonyl cyanide-4-phenylhydrazone (FCCP)-induced Δψ depolarization, decreasing in the order: TMRM ≫ CHM2Xros = CMXros = MDR > MG. To study the effect of reversible Δψ changes, the impact of photo-induced Δψ "flickering" was studied in cells co-stained with TMRM and MG. During a flickering event, individual mitochondria displayed subsequent TMRM release and uptake, whereas this phenomenon was not observed for MG. Spatiotemporal and computational analysis of the flickering event provided evidence that TMRM redistributes between adjacent mitochondria by a mechanism dependent on Δψ and TMRM concentration. In summary, this study demonstrates that: (1) TMRM and MTs are suited for automated mitochondrial morphology quantification, (2) numerical data obtained with different probes is not identical, and (3) all probes are sensitive to FCCP-induced Δψ depolarization, with TMRM and MG displaying the highest and lowest sensitivity, respectively. We conclude that TMRM is better suited for integrated analysis of Δψ and mitochondrial morphology than the tested MTs under conditions that Δψ is not substantially depolarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Desai
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Grefte
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and SFI FutureNeuro Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Els van de Westerlo
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Susette Lauwen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Angela Paters
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and SFI FutureNeuro Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zhuohui Gan
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Merel J W Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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8
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Affourtit C, Carré JE. Mitochondrial involvement in sarcopenia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14107. [PMID: 38304924 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia lowers the quality-of-life for millions of people across the world, as accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function contributes to both age- and disease-related frailty. Physical activity remains the only proven therapy for sarcopenia to date, but alternatives are much sought after to manage this progressive muscle disorder in individuals who are unable to exercise. Mitochondria have been widely implicated in the etiology of sarcopenia and are increasingly suggested as attractive therapeutic targets to help restore the perturbed balance between protein synthesis and breakdown that underpins skeletal muscle atrophy. Reviewing current literature, we note that mitochondrial bioenergetic changes in sarcopenia are generally interpreted as intrinsic dysfunction that renders muscle cells incapable of making sufficient ATP to fuel protein synthesis. Based on the reported mitochondrial effects of therapeutic interventions, however, we argue that the observed bioenergetic changes may instead reflect an adaptation to pathologically decreased energy expenditure in sarcopenic muscle. Discrimination between these mechanistic possibilities will be crucial for improving the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane E Carré
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Cheng D, Long J, Zhao L, Liu J. Hydrogen: A Rising Star in Gas Medicine as a Mitochondria-Targeting Nutrient via Activating Keap1-Nrf2 Antioxidant System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2062. [PMID: 38136182 PMCID: PMC10740752 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gas molecules O2, NO, H2S, CO, and CH4, have been increasingly used for medical purposes. Other than these gas molecules, H2 is the smallest diatomic molecule in nature and has become a rising star in gas medicine in the past few decades. As a non-toxic and easily accessible gas, H2 has shown preventive and therapeutic effects on various diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous system, and other systems, but the mechanisms are still unclear and even controversial, especially the mechanism of H2 as a selective radical scavenger. Mitochondria are the main organelles regulating energy metabolism in living organisms as well as the main organelle of reactive oxygen species' generation and targeting. We propose that the protective role of H2 may be mainly dependent on its unique ability to penetrate every aspect of cells to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 phase II antioxidant system rather than its direct free radical scavenging activity. In this review, we summarize the protective effects and focus on the mechanism of H2 as a mitochondria-targeting nutrient by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 system in different disease models. In addition, we wish to provide a more rational theoretical support for the medical applications of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Cheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (D.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (D.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (D.C.); (J.L.)
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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10
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Singuru G, Pulipaka S, Shaikh A, Balaji Andugulapati S, Thennati R, Kotamraju S. Therapeutic efficacy of mitochondria-targeted esculetin in the improvement of NAFLD-NASH via modulating AMPK-SIRT1 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111070. [PMID: 37862737 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction due to deregulated production of mitochondria-derived ROS is implicated in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Recently, we synthesized a novel mitochondria-targeted esculetin (Mito-Esc) and investigated its dose-response therapeutic efficacy in mitigating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and NASH in Apoe-/- mice. Mito-Esc administration, compared to simvastatin and pioglitazone, dose-dependently caused a significant reduction in body weight, improved lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines level. Mito-Esc administration reduced adipose tissue hypertrophy and lipid accumulation presumably by regulating the levels of CD36, PPAR-γ, EBP-α, and their target genes. Mechanistically, Mito-Esc-induced activation of the AMPK1α-SIRT1 axis inhibited pre-adipocyte differentiation. Conversely, Mito-Esc failed to regulate pre-adipocyte differentiation under AMPK/SIRT1 depleted conditions. In parallel, Mito-Esc administration ameliorated HFD-induced steatosis, fibrosis of the liver, and NAFLD-associated atheromatous plaque formation in the aorta. Importantly, Mito-Esc administration inhibited HFD-induced infiltration of macrophages, a marker of steatohepatitis, in the adipose and liver tissues. The results of the in vitro studies showed that Mito-Esc treatment significantly inhibits TGF-β-induced hepatic stellate cell differentiation as well as the fibrotic markers. Consistent with the above observations, Mito-Esc treatment by activating the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway markedly reversed palmitate-induced mitochondrial superoxide production, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Together, the therapeutic efficacy of Mito-Esc in the mitigation of HFD-induced lipotoxicity, and the associated NASH is in part, mediated by potentiating the AMPK-SIRT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajalakshmi Singuru
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sriravali Pulipaka
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Altab Shaikh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajamannar Thennati
- High Impact Innovations-Sustainable Health Solutions (HISHS), Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Vadodara 390012, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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11
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Rey F, Berardo C, Maghraby E, Mauri A, Messa L, Esposito L, Casili G, Ottolenghi S, Bonaventura E, Cuzzocrea S, Zuccotti G, Tonduti D, Esposito E, Paterniti I, Cereda C, Carelli S. Redox Imbalance in Neurological Disorders in Adults and Children. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040965. [PMID: 37107340 PMCID: PMC10135575 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is a central molecule for numerous metabolic and cytophysiological processes, and, indeed, its imbalance can lead to numerous pathological consequences. In the human body, the brain is an aerobic organ and for this reason, it is very sensitive to oxygen equilibrium. The consequences of oxygen imbalance are especially devastating when occurring in this organ. Indeed, oxygen imbalance can lead to hypoxia, hyperoxia, protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, alterations in heme metabolism and neuroinflammation. Consequently, these dysfunctions can cause numerous neurological alterations, both in the pediatric life and in the adult ages. These disorders share numerous common pathways, most of which are consequent to redox imbalance. In this review, we will focus on the dysfunctions present in neurodegenerative disorders (specifically Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and pediatric neurological disorders (X-adrenoleukodystrophies, spinal muscular atrophy, mucopolysaccharidoses and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease), highlighting their underlining dysfunction in redox and identifying potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Maghraby
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Mauri
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Messa
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Esposito
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bonaventura
- Child Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (COALA), Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Child Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (COALA), Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
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12
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Ong HC, Coimbra JTS, Ramos MJ, Xing B, Fernandes PA, García F. Beyond the TPP + "gold standard": a new generation mitochondrial delivery vector based on extended PN frameworks. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4126-4133. [PMID: 37063789 PMCID: PMC10094279 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06508h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial targeting represents an attractive strategy for treating metabolic, degenerative and hyperproliferative diseases, since this organelle plays key roles in essential cellular functions. Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moieties - the current "gold standard" - have been widely used as mitochondrial targeting vectors for a wide range of molecular cargo. Recently, further optimisation of the TPP+ platform drew considerable interest as a way to enhance mitochondrial therapies. However, although the modification of this system appears promising, the core structure of the TPP+ moiety remains largely unchanged. Thus, this study explored the use of aminophosphonium (PN+) and phosphazenylphosphonium (PPN+) main group frameworks as novel mitochondrial delivery vectors. The PPN+ moiety was found to be a highly promising platform for this purpose, owing to its unique electronic properties and high lipophilicity. This has been demonstrated by the high mitochondrial accumulation of a PPN+-conjugated fluorophore relative to its TPP+-conjugated counterpart, and has been further supported by density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations, highlighting the PPN+ moiety's unusual electronic properties. These results demonstrate the potential of novel phosphorus-nitrogen based frameworks as highly effective mitochondrial delivery vectors over traditional TPP+ vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- How Chee Ong
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - João T S Coimbra
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 687, s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 687, s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 687, s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo Avda Julian Claveria 8 33006 Asturias Spain
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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13
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Yin F, Liu X, Xu Y, Fu B, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Li J, Qin Z. Triphenylphosphonium-Driven Targeting of Pyrimorph Fragment Derivatives Greatly Improved Its Action on Phytopathogen Mitochondria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2842-2852. [PMID: 36722627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimorph is a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide, which shows excellent activity against oomycetes such as pepper phytophthora blight, tomato late blight, and downy mildew of cucumber. It works mainly by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell wall of oomycetes. However, pyrimorph also shows weak activity of inhibiting mitochondrial complex III, which is the first CAA fungicide found to act on mitochondria. To improve this effect on mitochondria and develop fungicides that may have a novel mechanism of action, in this paper, by disassembling pyrimorph and conjugating the fragments with the mitochondrial-targeted delivery system (triphenylphosphonium), three series of mitochondrial-targeting analogues of pyrimorph were designed and synthesized. The results show that the pyridine-containing 1,1-diaryl is the core module of inhibition mitochondrial function of pyrimorph. Among these conjugates, compound 3b with a short linker showed the highest and broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, strong respiratory inhibition activity, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis inhibition activity, suggesting its potential as a fungicide candidate. 3b exhibited greatly improved action on mitochondria, such as by destroying the mitochondrial function of pathogens, causing mitochondrial swelling, weakening its influence on cell wall morphology, and so on. More importantly, this study provides a method to strengthen the drugs or pesticides with weak mitochondrial action, which is of special significance for developing mitochondrial bioactive molecules with the novel action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahong Yin
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Fu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Application Prospects of Triphenylphosphine-Based Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030666. [PMID: 36765624 PMCID: PMC9913854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and the most important impediments to the efforts to increase life expectancy worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy is the main treatment for cancer, but it is often accompanied by side effects that affect normal tissues and organs. The search for new alternatives to chemotherapy has been a hot research topic in the field of antineoplastic medicine. Drugs targeting diseased tissues or cells can significantly improve the efficacy of drugs. Therefore, organelle-targeted antitumor drugs are being explored, such as mitochondria-targeted antitumor drugs. Mitochondria is the central site of cellular energy production and plays an important role in cell survival and death. Moreover, a large number of studies have shown a close association between mitochondrial metabolism and tumorigenesis and progression, making mitochondria a promising new target for cancer therapy. Combining mitochondrial targeting agents with drug molecules is an effective way of mitochondrial targeting. In addition, hyperpolarized tumor cell membranes and mitochondrial membrane potentially allow selective accumulation of mitochondria-targeted drugs. This enhances the direct killing of tumor cells by drug molecules while minimizing the potential toxicity to normal cells. In this review, we discuss the common pro-mitochondrial agents, the advantages of triphenylphosphine (TPP) in mitochondrial-targeted cancer therapy and systematically summarize various TPP-based mitochondria-targeting anticancer drugs.
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15
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Hidden Player in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021086. [PMID: 36674602 PMCID: PMC9861427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial inflammatory pathology that involves metabolic processes. Improvements in therapy have drastically reduced the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, a significant residual risk is still relevant, and is related to unmet therapeutic targets. Endothelial dysfunction and lipid infiltration are the primary causes of atherosclerotic plaque progression. In this contest, mitochondrial dysfunction can affect arterial wall cells, in particular macrophages, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells, causing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intracellular lipid deposition. The detection and characterization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial for assessing mitochondrial defects and should be considered the goal for new future therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will focus on a new idea, based on the analysis of data from many research groups, namely the link between mitochondrial impairment and endothelial dysfunction and, in particular, its effect on atherosclerosis and aging. Therefore, we discuss known and novel mitochondria-targeting therapies in the contest of atherosclerosis.
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16
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Kalra J. Crosslink between mutations in mitochondrial genes and brain disorders: implications for mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic interventions. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799515 PMCID: PMC9241418 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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17
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Yang J, Griffin A, Qiang Z, Ren J. Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:379. [PMID: 36402753 PMCID: PMC9675787 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to human health. Among various treatment methods, precision therapy has received significant attention since the inception, due to its ability to efficiently inhibit tumor growth, while curtailing common shortcomings from conventional cancer treatment, leading towards enhanced survival rates. Particularly, organelle-targeted strategies enable precise accumulation of therapeutic agents in organelles, locally triggering organelle-mediated cell death signals which can greatly reduce the therapeutic threshold dosage and minimize side-effects. In this review, we comprehensively discuss history and recent advances in targeted therapies on organelles, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, while focusing on organelle structures, organelle-mediated cell death signal pathways, and design guidelines of organelle-targeted nanomedicines based on intervention mechanisms. Furthermore, a perspective on future research and clinical opportunities and potential challenges in precision oncology is presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted therapies, we believe this article can further stimulate broader interests in multidisciplinary research and technology development for enabling advanced organelle-targeted nanomedicines and their corresponding clinic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Griffin
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Ren
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
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18
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Shan S, Liu Z, Liu Z, Zhang C, Song F. MitoQ alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice through regulating JNK/YAP pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:852-862. [PMID: 36337246 PMCID: PMC9618106 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is a pathological wound-healing response caused by chronic liver damage. Mitochondria regulate hepatic energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Accumulating evidence has revealed that increased mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the activation of fibrogenesis. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidative stress in liver fibrosis remain unknown. Methods and results In this study, C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of liver fibrosis via oral gavage with CCl4 treatment for 8 weeks. Furthermore, intervention experiments were achieved by CCl4 combined with the intraperitoneal injection of mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ). We demonstrated that the chronic CCl4 exposure resulted in severe hepatic fibrogenesis and significantly promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial abnormalities. Besides, JNK/YAP pathway was also activated. By contrast, the administration of mitoQ markedly inhibited the expression of pro-fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β as well as type I collagen. The antifibrotic effects of mitoQ were also confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining. Moreover, mitoQ substantially reduced CCl4-induced mitochondrial damage and the release of ROS. Further studies suggested that this protection against liver fibrosis was mechanistically related to the inhibition of phosphorylation of JNK and the nuclear translocation of YAP. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings revealed that mitoQ attenuated liver fibrosis by inhibiting ROS production and the JNK/YAP signaling pathway. Selective targeting JNK/YAP may serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding progression of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
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Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Mitoquinone Maintains Mitochondrial Homeostasis through the Sirt3-Dependent Pathway to Mitigate Oxidative Damage Caused by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2213503. [PMID: 36193071 PMCID: PMC9526615 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2213503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor contributing to oxidative stress and apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) diseases. Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant whose potent anti-I/R injury capacity has been demonstrated in organs such as the heart and the intestine. In the present study, we explored the role of MitoQ in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and attenuating oxidative damage in renal I/R injury. We discovered that the decreased renal function and pathological damage caused by renal I/R injury were significantly ameliorated by MitoQ. MitoQ markedly reversed mitochondrial damage after I/R injury and inhibited renal reactive oxygen species production. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation resulted in increased mitochondrial fission and decreased mitochondrial fusion in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), which were partially prevented by MitoQ. MitoQ treatment inhibited oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis in HK-2 cells by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, promoting ATP production, and facilitating mitochondrial fusion. Deeply, renal I/R injury led to a decreased expression of sirtuin-3 (Sirt3), which was recovered by MitoQ. Moreover, the inhibition of Sirt3 partially eliminated the protective effect of MitoQ on mitochondria and increased oxidative damage. Overall, our data demonstrate a mitochondrial protective effect of MitoQ, which raises the possibility of MitoQ as a novel therapy for renal I/R.
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20
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Escada-Rebelo S, Cristo MI, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. Mitochondria-Targeted Compounds to Assess and Improve Human Sperm Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:451-480. [PMID: 34847742 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Currently 10%-15% of couples in reproductive age face infertility issues. More importantly, male factor contributes to 50% of these cases (either alone or in combination with female causes). Among various reasons, impaired sperm function is the main cause for male infertility. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, particularly of mitochondrial origin, are believed to be the main contributors. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly due to increased ROS production, has often been linked to impaired sperm function/quality. For decades, different methods and approaches have been developed to assess mitochondrial features that might correlate with sperm functionality. This connection is now completely accepted, with mitochondrial functionality assessment used more commonly as a readout of sperm functionality. More recently, mitochondria-targeted compounds are on the frontline for both assessment and therapeutic approaches. Critical Issues: In this review, we summarize the current methods for assessing key mitochondrial parameters known to reflect sperm quality as well as therapeutic strategies using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants aiming to improve sperm function in various situations, particularly after sperm cryopreservation. Future Directions: Although more systematic research is needed, mitochondria-targeted compounds definitely represent a promising tool to assess as well as to protect and improve sperm function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 451-480.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Escada-Rebelo
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Casa Costa Alemão, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Cristo
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Amaral
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Casa Costa Alemão, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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Mondal A, Jia D, Bhatt V, Akel M, Roberge J, Guo JY, Langenfeld J. Ym155 localizes to the mitochondria leading to mitochondria dysfunction and activation of AMPK that inhibits BMP signaling in lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13135. [PMID: 35908087 PMCID: PMC9338953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The imidazolium compound Ym155 was first reported to be a survivin inhibitor. Ym155 potently induces cell death of many types of cancer cells in preclinical studies. However, in phase II clinical trials Ym155 failed to demonstrate a significant benefit. Studies have suggested that the cytotoxic effects of Ym155 in cancer cells are not mediated by the inhibition of survivin. Understanding the mechanism by which Ym155 induces cell death would provide important insight how to improve its efficacy as a cancer therapeutic. We demonstrate a novel mechanism by which Ym155 induces cell death by localizing to the mitochondria causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Our studies suggest that Ym155 binds mitochondrial DNA leading to a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation, decrease in TCA cycle intermediates, and an increase in mitochondrial permeability. Furthermore, we show that mitochondrial stress induced by Ym155 and other mitochondrial inhibitors activates AMP-activated kinase leading to the downregulation to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. We provide first evidence that Ym155 initiates cell death by disrupting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mondal
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Dongxuan Jia
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Moumen Akel
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jacques Roberge
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, RUBRIC, Office for Research, Rutgers Translational Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - John Langenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
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22
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Karnewar S, Pulipaka S, Katta S, Panuganti D, Neeli PK, Thennati R, Jerald MK, Kotamraju S. Mitochondria-targeted esculetin mitigates atherosclerosis in the setting of aging via the modulation of SIRT1-mediated vascular cell senescence and mitochondrial function in Apoe mice. Atherosclerosis 2022; 356:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Patra D, Kumar S, Kumar P, Chakraborty I, Basheer B, Shunmugam R. Iron(III) Coordinated Theranostic Polyprodrug with Sequential Receptor-Mitochondria Dual Targeting and T 1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Potency for Effective and Precise Chemotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3198-3212. [PMID: 35767830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sequential cancer cell receptor and mitochondria dual-targeting single delivery agent deliver chemotherapeutic drug effectively and precisely at the targeted site has become a promising strategy to enhance the drug efficacy and suppressions of cancer cell drug resistance prominence. Herein, required specialty molecules like a chemotherapeutic drug [camptothecin (CPT)], mitochondriotropic segment (triphenyl phosphonium cation) receptor targeting ligand (biotin), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-contrast agent (iron-complex) were tethered to the polyprodrug, CP TP PG BN Fe, using the ring-opening metathesis polymerization technique for potential chemotherapy and simultaneous MRI-based diagnosis. This amphiphilic polyprodrug spontaneously aggregated into nanospheres and exhibited remarkable T1-weighted MRI proficiency. Detail in vitro cellular studies revealed unambiguous mitochondrial delivery of CPT, which eventually enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of CP TP PG BN Fe. Therefore, MRI-tracking, receptor-mitochondria dual targeting, theranostic polyprodrug, and CP TP PG BN Fe opened the way for effective and precise chemotherapy, which would have the attractive potential for diagnosis and decisive dose determination in clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Patra
- Polymer Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Polymer Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Basim Basheer
- Polymer Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
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24
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Patra D, Kumar P, Pal D, Chakraborty I, Shunmugam R. Unique Random-Block Polymer Architecture for Site-Specific Mitochondrial Sequestration-Aided Effective Chemotherapeutic Delivery and Enhanced Fluorocarbon Segmental Mobility-Facilitated 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2428-2440. [PMID: 35512287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The elevation of the chemotherapeutic efficacy and attenuation of its side effects on healthy cells and tissues become one of the prime targets for the treatment of cancer. Toward this direction, a sequential receptor and mitochondria dual-targeting strategy was implemented in the DX TP PG BN 19F theranostic polymer that was anchored with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, receptor-targeting biotin, and mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium cations. The polymer was flourished with a unique 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracer that exhibited high segmental mobility and eventually led to prolonged T2 relaxation time. Furthermore, for the sake of amphiphilicity, the DX TP PG BN 19F polymer spontaneously aggregated into nano-sphere with positive zeta potential, where the MRI tracer and biotin embedded at the exterior and displayed site-specific targeting and remarkable 19F MRI capability simultaneously. The mitochondria-targeting competency of the DX TP PG BN 19F theranostic polymer was investigated by comparing the non-mitochondrial-targeting DX PG BN 19F polymer using fluorescence microscopic cell imaging in human cervical, HeLa, and breast MCF-7 carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments of the aforementioned theranostic polymers clarified the enhancement of the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DX TP PG BN 19F theranostic polymers through effective and precise mitochondrial doxorubicin delivery that forced to follow the apoptotic path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Patra
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Dwaipayan Pal
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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25
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Nazari M, Daghigh-Kia H, Mehdipour M, Najafi A. Comparison of the performance of targeted mitochondrial antioxidant mitoquinone and non-targeted antioxidant pentoxifylline in improving rooster sperm parameters during freezing and thawing. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102035. [PMID: 35917673 PMCID: PMC9343413 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with impaired sperm quality after thawing. Since mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sperm, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of targeted mitochondrial antioxidant mitoquinone (MitoQ) and non-targeted mitochondrial antioxidant pentoxifylline (PTX) during cooling and cryopreservation of rooster sperm. Sperm samples were collected from 15 roosters aged 28 wk and diluted with Beltsville extender. After dilution and addition of treatments (50, 100, and 200 pMol MitoQ and 0.5, 0.75, and 1 μM PTX), samples were cooled for 2 h to 4°C and they were first analyzed at this stage and were frozen and re-evaluated after thawing. After the freezing and thawing, level of 100 pMol MitoQ significantly increased total motility (TM), progressive motility (PGM), curvilinear velocity (VCL), membrane integrity, viability, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the level of 50 pMol significantly increased TM, PGM, average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL), membrane integrity, viability, and mitochondrial activity. Moreover, these 2 levels (50 and 100 PMol) decreased malondialdehyde and sperm with abnormal morphology. Addition of 0.75 μM PTX also increased total motility compared to the control group and levels of 0.5 and 0.75 μM decreased sperm with abnormal morphology. It could be concluded the addition of MitoQ and PTX can be useful for sperm cryopreservation industry and reduce the harmful effects of freeze-thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Nazari
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Daghigh-Kia
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mehdipour
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abouzar Najafi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author:
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26
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Gao Y, Xia B. Editorial: Mitochondria-Targeted Nanocarriers for Enhanced Efficacy of Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:905999. [PMID: 35711637 PMCID: PMC9197429 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.905999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Patra D, Kumar P, Samanta T, Chakraborty I, Shunmugam R. Coordinately Tethered Iron(III) Fluorescent Nanotheranostic Polymer Ascertaining Cancer Cell Mitochondria Destined Potential Chemotherapy and T1-Weighted MRI Competency. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1284-1296. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Yoshinaga N, Numata K. Rational Designs at the Forefront of Mitochondria-Targeted Gene Delivery: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:348-359. [PMID: 34979085 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular metabolism and generate energy in cells. To support these functions, several proteins are encoded in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The mutation of mtDNA causes mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately results in a variety of inherited diseases. To date, gene delivery systems targeting mitochondria have been developed to ameliorate mtDNA mutations. However, applications of these strategies in mitochondrial gene therapy are still being explored and optimized. Thus, from this perspective, we herein highlight recent mitochondria-targeting strategies for gene therapy and discuss future directions for effective mitochondria-targeted gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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29
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Murthy ASN, Das S, Singh T, Kim TW, Sepay N, Jeon S, Im J. Mitochondria targeting molecular transporters: synthesis, lipophilic effect, and ionic complex. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:270-283. [PMID: 35014934 PMCID: PMC8757599 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2023696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As mitochondria are potential therapeutic targeting sites for the treatment of human diseases, delivering cytotoxic drugs, antioxidants, and imaging molecules to mitochondria can provide new therapeutic opportunities. In an attempt to develop a new mitochondria-targeting vector, we synthesized sorbitol-based molecular transporters with multiple guanidines, measured their partition coefficients, compared their targeting efficiency using fluorescent images and Pearson's correlation coefficients, and studied cellular uptake mechanisms. To increase the targeting ability of these molecular transporters to mitochondria, alanine-naphthalene as a lipophilic group was attached to the molecular transporter, which improved translocation across cellular membranes and led to higher accumulation in mitochondria. The molecular transporter was able to form an ionic complex with antibiotics, resulting in low cell viability. These data demonstrate that the molecular transporter with a lipophilic group could be utilized as a potential drug delivery vector for treating mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akula S N Murthy
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sanket Das
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Tejinder Singh
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Kim
- Department of Medical Life Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Nasim Sepay
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Seob Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jungkyun Im
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
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30
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Singh N, Gupta A, Prasad P, Sah RK, Singh A, Kumar S, Singh S, Gupta S, Sasmal PK. Mitochondria-Targeted Photoactivatable Real-Time Monitoring of a Controlled Drug Delivery Platform. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17813-17823. [PMID: 34886661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current anticancer therapies are limited by their lack of controlled spatiotemporal release at the target site of action. We report a novel drug delivery platform that provides on-demand, real-time, organelle-specific drug release and monitoring upon photoactivation. The system is comprised of a model anticancer drug doxorubicin, an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to target mitochondria in cancer cells, and a hydroxycinnamate photoactivatable linker that is covalently attached to the drug and mitochondria-targeting moieties such that it can be phototriggered by either UV (one-photon) or NIR (two-photon) light to form a fluorescent coumarin product and facilitate the release of drug payload. The extent of drug release is quantified by the fluorescence intensity of the coumarin formed. Further, the photoactivatable prodrug accumulates in the mitochondria and shows light-triggered temporally controlled cell death. In the future, our platform can be tuned for any biological application of interest, offering immense value in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Singh
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Gupta
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Puja Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sah
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Arvind Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pijus K Sasmal
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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31
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Ma D, Zong Q, Du Y, Yu F, Xiao X, Sun R, Guo Y, Wei X, Yuan Y. Sequential enzyme-activated macrotheranostic probe for selective tumor mitochondria targeting. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:628-637. [PMID: 34371167 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Subcellular organelle targeted imaging and therapy are of enormous interest in cancer theranostics. However, the lack of tumor-selective organelle targeting has compromised their efficacy and safety. In this work, we found that the near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore hemicyanine (CyNH2) can selectively target mitochondria with strong cytotoxicity through decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. A macrotheranostic probe (denoted as PLCy) based on conjugating CyNH2 with an acetylated lysine group was developed with masked fluorescence and cytotoxicity, which could both be unmasked through sequential activation by cancer cells overexpressing histone deacetylases (HDACs) and cathepsin L (CTSL) enzymes for selective cancer cell mitochondria-targeted imaging and therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that the specific fluorescence turn-on and toxicity were restored in cancer cells and efficiently inhibited tumor growth. This macrotheranostic probe with sequential enzyme activation and mitochondrial targeting is expected to have promising applications in imaging-guided cancer therapy with high specificity and efficiency. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To improve the targeting efficiency and enhance the anti-cancer activities of macrotheranostic probe. We designed macrotheranostic probe PLCy that can be activated via sequential enzymes for selective tumor mitochondria targeting. More importantly, the activated CyNH2 can decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential and elevate the reactive oxygen species level in cancer cells without light irradiation, which can further induce apoptosis of tumor cells for chemotherapy. Therefore, the use of sequential enzyme activation and mitochondria targeting strategies in the context of enzymatic activation may provide a general strategy for organelle-targeted imaging and therapy with high specificity and efficiency.
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32
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Singh R, Mohapatra L, Tripathi AS. Targeting mitochondrial biogenesis: a potential approach for preventing and controlling diabetes. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is a lingering hyperglycemic ailment resulting in several life-threatening difficulties. Enduring hyperglycemia often persuades the buildup of reactive oxygen species that are the significant pathological makers of diabetic complications. The mitochondrial dysfunction, with mitochondrial damage and too much production of reactive oxygen species, have been proposed to be convoluted in the progress of insulin resistance. Numerous studies advocate that agents that enhance the mitochondrial number and/or decrease their dysfunction, could be greatly helpful in management of diabetes and its complications.
Main body
Mitochondrial biogenesis is an extremely delimited procedure arbitrated by numerous transcription influences, in which mitochondrial fusion and fission happen in synchronization in a standard vigorous cell. But this synchronization is greatly disturbed in diabetic condition designated by modification in the working of several important transcription factors regulating the expressions of different genes. Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have suggested that, the compromised functions of mitochondria play a significant protagonist in development of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, skeletal muscle insulin resistance and several diabetic complications. However, there are several phytoconstituents performing through numerous alleyways, either unswervingly by motivating biogenesis or indirectly by constraining or averting dysfunction and producing a beneficial effect on overall function of the mitochondria.
Conclusion
This review describes standard mitochondrial physiology and anomalous modifications that transpire in answer to persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes condition. It also discusses about the different phytoconstituents that can affect the biogenesis pathways of mitochondria and thus can be used in the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
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33
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Shi C, Huang H, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Ma H, Yao Q, Shao K, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Liu B, Wang L, Peng X. Reversing Multidrug Resistance by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction for Enhanced Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy in Tumor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45259-45268. [PMID: 34533937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficiency of standard chemotherapy is dramatically hindered by intrinsic multidrug resistance (MDR). Recently, to amplify therapeutic efficacy, photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by decorating targeting moieties on nanocarriers has obtained considerable attention. Nevertheless, low targeting efficiency, complex synthesis routes, and difficulty in releasing contents become the major obstacles in further clinical application. Herein, an ingenious liposomal-based nanomedicine (L@BP) was fabricated by encapsulating a mitochondria-anchored photosensitizer (Cy-Br) and paclitaxel (PTX) for realizing enhanced cooperation therapy. At the cellular level, L@BP could hurdle endosomal traps to localize and implement PDT in mitochondria. Intriguingly, the PDT-induced in situ mitochondrial dysfunction led to intracellular ATP reduction, which triggered the downregulated P-glycoprotein transportation capacity and thus resulted in diminishing the efflux of chemotherapeutic agents and increasing drug uptake by drug-resistant cells. The prepared nanomedicine eminently accumulated in the tumor site and acquired enhanced therapeutic efficiency on PTX-resistant lung cancer cells, which possessed great potential in circumventing MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Haiqiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - He Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518071, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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34
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Gao Y, Tong H, Li J, Li J, Huang D, Shi J, Xia B. Mitochondria-Targeted Nanomedicine for Enhanced Efficacy of Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:720508. [PMID: 34490227 PMCID: PMC8418302 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.720508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines have been designed and developed to deliver anticancer drugs or exert anticancer therapy more selectively to tumor sites. Recent investigations have gone beyond delivering drugs to tumor tissues or cells, but to intracellular compartments for amplifying therapy efficacy. Mitochondria are attractive targets for cancer treatment due to their important functions for cells and close relationships to tumor occurrence and metastasis. Accordingly, multifunctional nanoplatforms have been constructed for cancer therapy with the modification of a variety of mitochondriotropic ligands, to trigger the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. On this basis, various cancer therapeutic modalities based on mitochondria-targeted nanomedicines are developed by strategies of damaging mitochondria DNA (mtDNA), increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbing respiratory chain and redox balance. Herein, in this review, we highlight mitochondria-targeted cancer therapies enabled by nanoplatforms including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), radiodynamic therapy (RDT) and combined immunotherapy, and discussed the ongoing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibei Tong
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Di Huang
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Xia
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Synthesis of Triphenylphosphonium Phospholipid Conjugates for the Preparation of Mitochondriotropic Liposomes. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34118034 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1262-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of liposomes with a ligand is facilitated by the conjugation of the ligand to a hydrophobic molecule that serves to anchor the ligand to the liposomal bilayer. We describe here a simple protocol to conjugate a triphenylphosphonium group to several commercially available functionalized phospholipids. The resulting triphenylphosphonium-conjugated lipids can be used to prepare liposomes that preferentially associate with mitochondria when exposed to live mammalian cells in culture.
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36
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Liu Z, Wang X, Chen Q, Ma F, Huang Y, Gao Y, Deng Q, Qiao Z, Xing X, Zhu J, Lu F, Wang H. Regulating Twisted Skeleton to Construct Organ‐Specific Perylene for Intensive Cancer Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Qing Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Feiyan Ma
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yongwei Huang
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yijian Gao
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Qingyuan Deng
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Zeng‐Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaoyi Xing
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Jianling Zhu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Feng Lu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering School of Basic Medical Science Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) Beijing 100049 China
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37
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Liu Z, Wang X, Chen Q, Ma F, Huang Y, Gao Y, Deng Q, Qiao ZY, Xing X, Zhu J, Lu F, Wang H. Regulating Twisted Skeleton to Construct Organ-Specific Perylene for Intensive Cancer Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16215-16223. [PMID: 33971079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The systemic use of pharmaceutical drugs for cancer patients is a compromise between desirable therapy and side effects because of the intrinsic shortage of organ-specific pharmaceutical drug. Design and construction of pharmaceutical drug to achieve the organ-specific delivery is thus desperately desirable. We herein regulate perylene skeleton to effect organ-specificity and present an example of lung-specific distribution on the basis of bay-twisted PDIC-NC. We further demonstrate that PDIC-NC can target into mitochondria to act as cellular respiration inhibitor, inducing insufficient production of adenosine triphosphate, promoting endogenous H2 O2 and . OH burst, elevating calcium overload, efficiently triggering the synergistic apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress of lung cancer cells. The antitumor performance of PDIC-NC is verified on in vivo xenografted, metastasis and orthotopic lung cancer, presenting overwhelming evidences for potentially clinical application. This study contributes a proof-of-concept demonstration of twisted perylene to well attain lung-specific distribution, and meanwhile achieves intensive lung cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Feiyan Ma
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yongwei Huang
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yijian Gao
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qingyuan Deng
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xing
- Laboratory for NanoMedical Photonics, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jianling Zhu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhang S, Zhang B, Zhang Q, Zhang Z. Crotonaldehyde exposure induces liver dysfunction and mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:425-436. [PMID: 33749501 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1904073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Crotonaldehyde is a highly toxic pollutant, widely present in tobacco smoke and automobile exhaust. Exposure to crotonaldehyde can cause hepatotoxicity and induce liver tumors in rats; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Liver cells contain many mitochondria, which serve to maintain energy levels in the body. We hypothesized that the energy metabolism disorder caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause of liver injury in rats exposed to crotonaldehyde. To test this, we randomly divided 40 male Wistar rats into four groups, and provided crotonaldehyde at 0, 2.5, 4.5, and 8.5 mg/kg for 90 days by intragastric administration. The results showed that crotonaldehyde exposure caused damage to liver mitochondrial structure, reduced electron-transport chain activity and ATP levels, and interfered with mitochondrial DNA transcription. In response to increased crotonaldehyde exposure, rats exhibited increased reactive oxygen species levels, decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione activity, and activation of the caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway, as well as elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and histopathological damage. Our findings, together with those of previous reports, should help elucidate the underlying mechanism of crotonaldehyde-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disorder, and provide an important direction for the prevention and clinical intervention of liver diseases caused by crotonaldehyde and aldehydes with similar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihu Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Akyuz E, Kullu I, Arulsamy A, Shaikh MF. Melatonin as an Antiepileptic Molecule: Therapeutic Implications via Neuroprotective and Inflammatory Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1281-1292. [PMID: 33813829 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a result of unprovoked, uncontrollable, and repetitive outburst of abnormal and excessive electrical discharges, known as seizures, in the neurons. Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects 70 million people globally. Unfortunately, only two-thirds of epilepsy patients respond to antiepileptic drugs while others become drug resistant and may be more prone to epilepsy comorbidities such as SUDEP. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and neuroinflammation are some of the common pathologies of neurological disorders and epilepsy. Studies suggests that melatonin, a pineal hormone that governs sleep-wake cycles, may be neuroprotective against neurological disorders and thus may be translated as an antiepileptic as well. Melatonin has been shown to be an antioxidant, antiexcitotoxic, and anti-inflammatory hormone/molecule in neurodegenerative diseases, which may contribute to its antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties in epilepsy as well. In addition, melatonin has evidently been shown to play a regulatory role in the cardiorespiratory system and sleep-wake cycles, which may have positive implications toward epilepsy associated comorbidities, such as SUDEP. However, studies investigating the changes in melatonin release due to epilepsy and melatonin's antiepileptic role have been inconclusive and scarce, respectively. Thus, this comprehensive review aims to summarize and elucidate the potential role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and its comorbidities, in hopes to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that will improve the lives of epileptic patients, particularly those who are drug resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- University of Health Sciences, International Medicine Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Kullu
- Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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40
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Hu Q, He C, Lu Z, Xu L, Fu Z. Mitochondria and Endoplastic Reticulum Targeting Strategy for Enhanced Phototherapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3015-3026. [PMID: 35014389 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To ensure improved efficacy and minimized toxicity of therapeutic molecules, it is generally accepted that specifically delivering them to the subcellular site of their action will be attractive. Phototherapy has received considerable attention because of its noninvasiveness, high temporal-spatial resolution, and minimal drug resistance. As important functional organelles in cells, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) participate in fundamental cellular processes, which make them much more sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyperthermia. Thus, mitochondria- or ER-targeted phototherapy will be rational strategies for synergetic cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on the latest advances in molecules and nanomaterials currently used for mitochondria- and ER-targeted phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhuoting Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Liwang Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Zaidieh T, Smith JR, Ball KE, An Q. Mitochondrial DNA abnormalities provide mechanistic insight and predict reactive oxygen species-stimulating drug efficacy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:427. [PMID: 33865346 PMCID: PMC8053302 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Associations between mitochondrial genetic abnormalities (variations and copy number, i.e. mtDNAcn, change) and elevated ROS have been reported in cancer compared to normal cells. Since excessive levels of ROS can trigger apoptosis, treating cancer cells with ROS-stimulating agents may enhance their death. This study aimed to investigate the link between baseline ROS levels and mitochondrial genetic abnormalities, and how mtDNA abnormalities might be used to predict cancer cells’ response to ROS-stimulating therapy. Methods Intracellular and mitochondrial specific-ROS levels were measured using the DCFDA and MitoSOX probes, respectively, in four cancer and one non-cancerous cell lines. Cells were treated with ROS-stimulating agents (cisplatin and dequalinium) and the IC50s were determined using the MTS assay. Sanger sequencing and qPCR were conducted to screen the complete mitochondrial genome for variations and to relatively quantify mtDNAcn, respectively. Non-synonymous variations were subjected to 3-dimensional (3D) protein structural mapping and analysis. Results Our data revealed novel significant associations between the total number of variations in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex I and III genes, mtDNAcn, ROS levels, and ROS-associated drug response. Furthermore, functional variations in complexes I/III correlated significantly and positively with mtDNAcn, ROS levels and drug resistance, indicating they might mechanistically influence these parameters in cancer cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that mtDNAcn and complexes I/III functional variations have the potential to be efficient biomarkers to predict ROS-stimulating therapy efficacy in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08155-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Zaidieh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK. .,Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - James R Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Karen E Ball
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Qian An
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
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Memon A, Kim BY, Kim SE, Pyao Y, Lee YG, Kang SC, Lee WK. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Phytoncide in an Animal Model of Gastrointestinal Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071895. [PMID: 33810618 PMCID: PMC8037037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phytoncide is known to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose: This study was carried out to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of two types of phytoncide extracts from pinecone waste. Methods: We made two types of animal models to evaluate the efficacy, an indomethacin-induced gastroenteritis rat model and a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Result: In the gastroenteritis experiment, the expression of induced-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a marker for inflammation, decreased in the phytoncide-supplemented groups, and gastric ulcer development was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). In the colitis experiment, the shortening of the colon length and the iNOS expression were significantly suppressed in the phytoncide-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Through this study, we confirmed that phytoncide can directly inhibit inflammation in digestive organs. Although further research is needed, we conclude that phytoncide has potential anti-inflammatory properties in the digestive tract and can be developed as a functional agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Memon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (A.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - Bae Yong Kim
- Research Institute, Phylus Co., LTD., Danyang-gun 27000, Korea;
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (S.-e.K.); (Y.-G.L.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Se-eun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (S.-e.K.); (Y.-G.L.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Yuliya Pyao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (A.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (S.-e.K.); (Y.-G.L.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (S.-e.K.); (Y.-G.L.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Woon Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (A.M.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-4607-3871
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Cen M, Ouyang W, Zhang W, Yang L, Lin X, Dai M, Hu H, Tang H, Liu H, Xia J, Xu F. MitoQ protects against hyperpermeability of endothelium barrier in acute lung injury via a Nrf2-dependent mechanism. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101936. [PMID: 33752110 PMCID: PMC8005834 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, numerous evidence has revealed that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial disruption during acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) will aggravate the inflammatory process. To identify whether antioxidation can be one of the treatment strategies during this progress, we chose mitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that was proved to be effective in reducing ROS generated in mitochondria, as a ROS scavenger to investigate the role of antioxidation in ALI. We demonstrated that overoxidation occurred during the process of ALI, which could be reduced by mitoQ. In the meantime, apoptosis of endothelial cells of ALI mice, accompanied by hyperpermeability of pulmonary vascular and impaired pulmonary function, was partially reversed following an intraperitoneal injection of mitoQ. Moreover, in in vitro study, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced excessive ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), which were rectified by mitoQ. To explore underlying mechanisms, we proceeded RNA-sequencing and found significantly upregulated expression of musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma F (MafF) in mitoQ treated group. Additionally, mitoQ inhibited the degradation and increased nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and upregulated its downstream antioxidant response elements (AREs), such as heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)-1. This effect was abolished by transfecting HPMECs with Nrf2 or Maff siRNA. In Nrf2 deficient mice, the protective effects of mitoQ on LPS model of ALI were largely vanished. Taken together, these results provide insights into how antioxidation exerts beneficial effects on ALI via maintaining mitochondrial hemostasis, inhibiting endothelial cells apoptosis, attenuating the endothelial disruption and regulating lung inflammation via Nrf2-MafF/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Cen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiuhui Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huiqun Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingyan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Nash GT, Luo T, Lan G, Ni K, Kaufmann M, Lin W. Nanoscale Metal-Organic Layer Isolates Phthalocyanines for Efficient Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2194-2199. [PMID: 33528255 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) photosensitizers (PSs) have shown great potential in photodynamic therapy (PDT) owing to their strong absorption at long wavelengths (650-750 nm), high triplet quantum yields, and biocompatibility. However, the clinical utility of ZnPc PSs is limited by their poor solubility and tendency to aggregate in aqueous environments. Here we report the design of a new nanoscale metal-organic layer (nMOL) assembly, ZnOPPc@nMOL, with ZnOPPc [ZnOPPc = zinc(II)-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(4-carboxyphenyl)phthalocyanine] PSs supported on the secondary building units (SBUs) of a Hf12 nMOL for PDT. Upon irradiation, SBU-bound ZnOPPc PSs absorb 700 nm light and efficiently sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen by preventing aggregation-induced self-quenching of ZnOPPc excited states. With intrinsic mitochondria-targeting capability, ZnOPPc@nMOL showed exceptional PDT efficacy with >99% tumor growth inhibition and 40-60% cure rates on two mouse models of colon cancer.
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Unique Cellular and Biochemical Features of Human Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin 3 Establish the Molecular Basis for Its Specific Reaction with Thiostrepton. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020150. [PMID: 33498547 PMCID: PMC7909569 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A central hallmark of tumorigenesis is metabolic alterations that increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). In response, cancer cells upregulate their antioxidant capacity and redox-responsive signaling pathways. A promising chemotherapeutic approach is to increase ROS to levels incompatible with tumor cell survival. Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) plays a significant role in detoxifying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). PRX3 is a molecular target of thiostrepton (TS), a natural product and FDA-approved antibiotic. TS inactivates PRX3 by covalently adducting its two catalytic cysteine residues and crosslinking the homodimer. Using cellular models of malignant mesothelioma, we show here that PRX3 expression and mROS levels in cells correlate with sensitivity to TS and that TS reacts selectively with PRX3 relative to other PRX isoforms. Using recombinant PRXs 1–5, we demonstrate that TS preferentially reacts with a reduced thiolate in the PRX3 dimer at mitochondrial pH. We also show that partially oxidized PRX3 fully dissociates to dimers, while partially oxidized PRX1 and PRX2 remain largely decameric. The ability of TS to react with engineered dimers of PRX1 and PRX2 at mitochondrial pH, but inefficiently with wild-type decameric protein at cytoplasmic pH, supports a novel mechanism of action and explains the specificity of TS for PRX3. Thus, the unique structure and propensity of PRX3 to form dimers contribute to its increased sensitivity to TS-mediated inactivation, making PRX3 a promising target for prooxidant cancer therapy.
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Triphenylphosphonium derivatives disrupt metabolism and inhibit melanoma growth in vivo when delivered via a thermosensitive hydrogel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244540. [PMID: 33378390 PMCID: PMC7773266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in outcomes arising from the introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, metastatic melanoma is a highly resistant form of cancer with 5 year survival rates of <35%. Drug resistance is frequently reported to be associated with changes in oxidative metabolism that lead to malignancy that is non-responsive to current treatments. The current report demonstrates that triphenylphosphonium(TPP)-based lipophilic cations can be utilized to induce cytotoxicity in pre-clinical models of malignant melanoma by disrupting mitochondrial metabolism. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TPP-derivatives modified with aliphatic side chains accumulated in melanoma cell mitochondria; disrupted mitochondrial metabolism; led to increases in steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species; decreased total glutathione; increased the fraction of glutathione disulfide; and caused cell killing by a thiol-dependent process that could be rescued by N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, TPP-derivative-induced melanoma toxicity was enhanced by glutathione depletion (using buthionine sulfoximine) as well as inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (using auranofin). In addition, there was a structure-activity relationship between the aliphatic side-chain length of TPP-derivatives (5–16 carbons), where longer carbon chains increased melanoma cell metabolic disruption and cell killing. In vivo bio-distribution experiments showed that intratumoral administration of a C14-TPP-derivative (12-carbon aliphatic chain), using a slow-release thermosensitive hydrogel as a delivery vehicle, localized the drug at the melanoma tumor site. There, it was observed to persist and decrease the growth rate of melanoma tumors. These results demonstrate that TPP-derivatives selectively induce thiol-dependent metabolic oxidative stress and cell killing in malignant melanoma and support the hypothesis that a hydrogel-based TPP-derivative delivery system could represent a therapeutic drug-delivery strategy for melanoma.
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Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Unifying Mechanism and Therapeutic Target. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121304. [PMID: 33353218 PMCID: PMC7766400 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis in the lower extremities, which leads to a spectrum of life-altering symptomatology, including claudication, ischemic rest pain, and gangrene requiring limb amputation. Current treatments for PAD are focused primarily on re-establishing blood flow to the ischemic tissue, implying that blood flow is the decisive factor that determines whether or not the tissue survives. Unfortunately, failure rates of endovascular and revascularization procedures remain unacceptably high and numerous cell- and gene-based vascular therapies have failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. The low success of vascular-focused therapies implies that non-vascular tissues, such as skeletal muscle and oxidative stress, may substantially contribute to PAD pathobiology. Clues toward the importance of skeletal muscle in PAD pathobiology stem from clinical observations that muscle function is a strong predictor of mortality. Mitochondrial impairments in muscle have been documented in PAD patients, although its potential role in clinical pathology is incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms causing mitochondrial dysfunction in ischemic skeletal muscle, including causal evidence in rodent studies, and highlight emerging mitochondrial-targeted therapies that have potential to improve PAD outcomes. Particularly, we will analyze literature data on reactive oxygen species production and potential counteracting endogenous and exogenous antioxidants.
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Dikalova A, Mayorov V, Xiao L, Panov A, Amarnath V, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Vergeade A, Ao M, Yermalitsky V, Nazarewicz RR, Boutaud O, Lopez MG, Billings FT, Davies S, Roberts LJ, Harrison DG, Dikalov S. Mitochondrial Isolevuglandins Contribute to Vascular Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria-Targeted Scavenger of Isolevuglandins Reduces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 76:1980-1991. [PMID: 33012204 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension remains a major health problem in Western Societies, and blood pressure is poorly controlled in a third of patients despite use of multiple drugs. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to hypertension, and mitochondria-targeted agents can potentially improve treatment of hypertension. We have proposed that mitochondrial oxidative stress produces reactive dicarbonyl lipid peroxidation products, isolevuglandins, and that scavenging of mitochondrial isolevuglandins improves vascular function and reduces hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the accumulation of mitochondrial isolevuglandins-protein adducts in patients with essential hypertension and Ang II (angiotensin II) model of hypertension using mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis. The therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial isolevuglandins was tested by the novel mitochondria-targeted isolevuglandin scavenger, mito2HOBA. Mitochondrial isolevuglandins in arterioles from hypertensive patients were 250% greater than in arterioles from normotensive subjects, and ex vivo mito2HOBA treatment of arterioles from hypertensive subjects increased deacetylation of a key mitochondrial antioxidant, SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2). In human aortic endothelial cells stimulated with Ang II plus TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, mito2HOBA reduced mitochondrial superoxide and cardiolipin oxidation, a specific marker of mitochondrial oxidative stress. In Ang II-infused mice, mito2HOBA diminished mitochondrial isolevuglandins-protein adducts, raised Sirt3 (sirtuin 3) mitochondrial deacetylase activity, reduced vascular superoxide, increased endothelial nitric oxide, improved endothelium-dependent relaxation, and attenuated hypertension. Mito2HOBA preserved mitochondrial respiration, protected ATP production, and reduced mitochondrial permeability pore opening in Ang II-infused mice. These data support the role of mitochondrial isolevuglandins in endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. We conclude that scavenging of mitochondrial isolevuglandins may have therapeutic potential in treatment of vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dikalova
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | | | - Liang Xiao
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Alexander Panov
- Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation (A.P.)
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Aurelia Vergeade
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Mingfang Ao
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Valery Yermalitsky
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Rafal R Nazarewicz
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Marcos G Lopez
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Frederic T Billings
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Sean Davies
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - L Jackson Roberts
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - David G Harrison
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- From the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.D., L.X., V.A., I.Z.-I., A.V., M.A., V.Y., R.R.N., O.B., M.G.L., F.T.B., S. Davies, L.J.R., D.G.H., S. Dikalov)
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49
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Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolaki NE, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Katsiki N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Current status of translational research/clinical and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:275-313. [PMID: 32959403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy to the cell during aerobic respiration by supplying ~95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules via oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles have various other functions, all carried out by numerous proteins, with the majority of them being encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondria occupy ~1/3 of the volume of myocardial cells in adults, and function at levels of high-efficiency to promptly meet the energy requirements of the myocardial contractile units. Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which contains 37 genes and is maternally inherited. Over the last several years, a variety of functions of these organelles have been discovered and this has led to a growing interest in their involvement in various diseases, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction relates to the status where mitochondria cannot meet the demands of a cell for ATP and there is an enhanced formation of reactive-oxygen species. This dysfunction may occur as a result of mtDNA and/or nDNA mutations, but also as a response to aging and various disease and environmental stresses, leading to the development of cardiomyopathies and other CV diseases. Designing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to maintain or restore mitochondrial function has been a great challenge as a result of variable responses according to the etiology of the disorder. There have been several preclinical data on such therapies, but clinical studies are scarce. A major challenge relates to the techniques needed to eclectically deliver the therapeutic agents to cardiac tissues and to damaged mitochondria for successful clinical outcomes. All these issues and progress made over the last several years are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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50
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Wei F, Su T, Wang D, Li H, You J. Transcriptomic analysis reveals common pathways and biomarkers associated with oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial toxicants in Chironomus dilutus. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126746. [PMID: 32339800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A variety of chemicals are capable of provoking mitochondrial dysfunction and thereby contribute to metabolic disorder related effects in wildlife and human. For better identifying new mitochondrial toxicants and assessing mitochondria-related risk, an in-depth understanding of toxic mechanisms and biomarkers should be attained. In the current study, a representative mitotoxicant, azoxystrobin, was assessed for lethal and sublethal outcomes in Chironomus dilutus after 96-h exposure and the toxic mechanism was explored. Global transcriptomic profiles by RNA-sequencing revealed that ampk, acc1, atp2a, gsk3b, pi3k, fak, atr, chk1, and map3k5 were the key genes which involved in the toxic action of azoxystrobin and could serve as potential molecular biomarkers. A major network of common toxicity pathways was then developed for mitotoxicants towards aquatic insects. In particular, calcium ion-PI3K/AKT and cAMP-AMPK-lethality pathways were demonstrated, in addition to the well-known mitochondrial electron transfer-oxidative damage-apoptosis pathway. These analyses could help developing adverse outcome pathways that integrate toxicological information at various levels and support more effective risk assessment and management of mitotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tenghui Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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