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Kumari M, Gupta RP, Bagri P, Singh R. Immunopathological studies on Escherichia coli infected broiler chickens fed on Aloe vera leaf extract. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 258:110562. [PMID: 36801725 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli infection is the major bacterial disease affecting the poultry industry and the continuous use of antibiotics in poultry farming has resulted in antibiotic resistance. So this study was planned to evaluate the use of an ecologically safe alternative to fight against infections. The leaf gel of the Aloe vera plant was selected based on its antibacterial activity assessed in in-vitro tests. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of A. vera leaf extract supplementation on the severity of clinical signs and pathological lesions, mortality rate, levels of antioxidant enzymes, and immune response in experimentally E. coli-infected broiler chicks. Broiler chicks were supplemented with aqueous Aloe vera Leaf (AVL) extract @ 20 ml per liter of water from day one of age. After seven days of age, they were experimentally infected with E. coli O78 @ 107 CFU/0.5 ml intraperitoneally. Blood was collected at weekly intervals up to 28 days and assayed for antioxidant enzyme assays, and humoral and cellular immune response. The birds were observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Dead birds were examined for gross lesions and representative tissues were processed for histopathology. The activities of antioxidants, Glutathione reductase (GR), and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) were significantly higher than the control infected group. The E. coli-specific antibody titer and Lymphocyte stimulation Index were comparatively higher in the AVL extract-supplemented infected group as compared to the control infected group. No considerable change was noted in the severity of clinical signs and pathological lesions, and mortality. Thus, Aloe vera Leaf gel extract enhanced the antioxidant activities and cellular immune responses of infected broiler chicks to combat this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumari
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Rajendar P Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Preeti Bagri
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Renu Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
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Effects of Aloe Vera on healing of colonic anastomoses: experimental rat study. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Although herbal medicinal products are being used widely throughout the World, beneficial and harmful effects have not been well documented. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of Aloe Vera (AV) on colonic anastomosis healing.
Material and methods 112 albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five main groups: preoperative Aloe Vera Group (P), pre- and postoperative Aloe Vera Group (PP), Control Group (C), sham Aloe Vera Group (SA) and Sham Control Group (SC). Groups P, PP, and SA received 1.6 mL/kg per day Aloe Vera by orogastric feeding catheter for 1 month prior to the experiment. Groups P, PP, and C underwent anastomosis of the distal colon, and subgroups (n = 4) of each were sacrificed on postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 21. Anastomotic bursting pressure, perianastomotic collagen content and histopathological changes were studied.
Results The SC Group had significantly higher ABP when compared with the SA Group (p = 0.0002), although hydroxyproline content showed no difference. When ABP was compared between anastomosis groups, it was found significantly lower in Aloe Vera groups on Day 3 (P3 vs. C3, p = 0.003 and PP3 vs. C3, p = 0.007). Hydroxyproline content was significantly lower in Group PP than Group C, also on Day 3 (p = 0.05). Significant difference was not detected after Day 3 in any of the study parameters.
Conclusion
Aloe Vera decreased tissue collagen content in the early postoperative period. It is advisable to call into question the concomitant usage of conventional medicine and the herbal supplements for the surgeons in their clinical practice.
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In vivo immuno - and angiomodulatory effects of Aloe arborescens folii recentis extractum siccum (AAES) in mice. HERBA POLONICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
AAES is a powdered form of Biostymina, herbal medicinal product of Phytopharm Klęka S.A., a water extract of Aloe arborescens Mill. leaves. Aloe arborescens Mill. (woody aloe, tree-like aloe) is known to have several traditional medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral and antimicrobial activity.
Objective
The aim of this work was to study the in vivo effect of AAES on cellular (leukocyte-induced cutaneous angiogenesis, LIA test, and proliferative response to PHA) and humoral (anti-SRBC antibody response) immunity in mice.
Methods
Balb/c mice were fed AAES from 0.5 to 75 mg/kg body mass for seven days before grafting their splenocytes intradermally to F1 (Balb/cxC3H) recipients (LIA test). Neovascular reaction was evaluated 72 h later in dissection microscope. Spleen cell cultures were incubated with 0.5, 1 and 2 μg/ml of PHA. After 48 h of incubation, tritiated thymidine was added. After further 24 h, cells were harvested (Skatron) and incorporation of tritiated thymidine was measured using Beta-scintillation counter. Balb/c mice were fed for 7 days with AAES, then immunized intraperitoneally with 5% SRBC suspension and 7 days later the antibody response was measured with hemagglutination test.
Results
Neovascular reaction was significantly higher in groups grafted with splenocytes collected from all AAES fed donors than from the controls. The proliferation of splenocytes taken from mice fed AAES at doses ranging from 0.5 mg/kg to 7.5 mg/kg was stimulated in all cultures. Suppression of proliferation was observed in cell cultures derived from mice fed with higher doses of AAES. Stimulation of anti-SRBC antibody production was seen in mice fed both 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg dose of AAES.
Conclusion
Powdered form of Biostymina (AAES) might be useful in the treatment of patients with ischaemia of tissues and organs (myocardial infarction, stroke, necrosis) and in deficiency in the production of immune cells and growth factors (infections, chronic wound healing, ulceration and bone fusion).
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Jalali A, Dabaghian F, Akbrialiabad H, Foroughinia F, Zarshenas MM. A pharmacology-based comprehensive review on medicinal plants and phytoactive constituents possibly effective in the management of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1925-1938. [PMID: 33159391 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arisen in China, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-II) is a novel coronavirus that has been expanding fast worldwide. Till now, no definite remedial drug or vaccine has been identified for COVID-19 treatment. Still, for a majority of infected patients, supportive therapy is the cornerstone of the management plan. To the importance of managing the COVID-19 pandemic, this article proposed to collecting capable medicinal plants and bioactive components in both treat and supportive therapy of this novel viral infection. Clinical points in the pathogenesis, symptoms, and complications of COVID-19 were considered. The effective plants and bioactives that may play a role in supportive therapy/management of COVID-19 were searched, collected through the "Scopus" database and listed in three sections. Numerous medicinal plants such as Citrus Spp., Camellia sinensis, and Glycyrrhiza glabra can interference with COVID-19 pathogenesis via inhibition of virus replication and entry to its host cells. Also, some anti-inflammatory herbal medicine such as Andrographis paniculata, Citrus spp., and Cuminum cyminum can relieve fever and cough in COVID-19 patients. Medicinal plants such as G. glabra, Thymus vulgaris, Allium sativum, Althea officinalis, and Panax ginseng may modulate the immune system and possess prevention and supportive therapy. However, more clinical data are required to confirm these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Jalali
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Dabaghian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbrialiabad
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Foroughinia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Acemannan Used as an Implantable Biomaterial for Vital Pulp Therapy of Immature Permanent Teeth Induced Continued Root Formation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070644. [PMID: 32650533 PMCID: PMC7407100 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct pulp-capping, a vital pulp therapy, is used to protect and preserve pulp vitality by applying a biomaterial on the pulp exposure site. Acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera, induces osteodentin-bridge formation to cover the exposure site in vivo. We evaluated the effect of acemannan sponges on partial pulpotomized permanent teeth with caries or accident-induced pulp exposure (n = 50). After removing infected dentin and inflamed pulp tissue, the teeth were randomly divided into acemannan or control (mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) groups (n = 25). The teeth were examined immediately after treatment (baseline) and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups for clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. The three-dimensional tooth length and root apex area were simulated to determine treatment success. We found that the overall success rate in the acemannan and MTA groups from baseline to 12-month follow-up was 90.91% and 95.65%, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the success teeth in both groups, the root length increased, and the apex area significantly decreased (p < 0.05), indicating continued root formation. Our results suggest that acemannan is a promising low-cost biomaterial for partial pulpotomy treatment for immature permanent teeth requiring vital pulp therapy.
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Liu C, Cui Y, Pi F, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H. Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Pharmacological Applications of Acemannan, a Polysaccharide from Aloe vera: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081554. [PMID: 31010204 PMCID: PMC6515206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera is a medicinal plant species of the genus Aloe with a long history of usage around the world. Acemannan, considered one of the main bioactive polysaccharides of Aloe vera, possesses immunoregulation, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, wound healing and bone proliferation promotion, neuroprotection, and intestinal health promotion activities, among others. In this review, recent advancements in the extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities of acemannan from Aloe vera were summarized. Among these advancements, the structural characteristics of purified polysaccharides were reviewed in detail. Meanwhile, the biological activities of acemannan from Aloe vera determined by in vivo, in vitro and clinical experiments are summarized, and possible mechanisms of these bioactivities were discussed. Moreover, the latest research progress on the use of acemannan in dentistry and wound healing was also summarized in details. The structure-activity relationships of acemannan and its medical applications were discussed. Finally, new perspectives for future research work on acemannan were proposed. In conclusion, this review summarizes the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities and pharmacological applications of acemannan, and provides information for the industrial production and possible applications in dentistry and wound healing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Cui
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Preservation Engineering of Agricultural Products, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Ortega-Toro R, Collazo-Bigliardi S, Roselló J, Santamarina P, Chiralt A. Antifungal starch-based edible films containing Aloe vera. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xie JH, Jin ML, Morris GA, Zha XQ, Chen HQ, Yi Y, Li JE, Wang ZJ, Gao J, Nie SP, Shang P, Xie MY. Advances on Bioactive Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56 Suppl 1:S60-84. [PMID: 26463231 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1069255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the polysaccharides from the medicinal plants have attracted a lot of attention due to their significant bioactivities, such as anti-tumor activity, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant activity, antidiabetic activity, radioprotection effect, anti-viral activity, hypolipidemic and immunomodulatory activities, which make them suitable for medicinal applications. Previous studies have also shown that medicinal plant polysaccharides are non-toxic and show no side effects. Based on these encouraging observations, most researches have been focusing on the isolation and identification of polysaccharides, as well as their bioactivities. A large number of bioactive polysaccharides with different structural features and biological effects from medicinal plants have been purified and characterized. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments in physiochemical, structural features and biological activities of bioactive polysaccharides from a number of important medicinal plants, such as polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium plants, Bupleurum, Cactus fruits, Acanthopanax senticosus, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Aloe barbadensis Miller, and Dimocarpus longan Lour. Moreover, the paper has also been focused on the applications of bioactive polysaccharides for medicinal applications. Recent studies have provided evidence that polysaccharides from medicinal plants can play a vital role in bioactivities. The contents and data will serve as a useful reference material for further investigation, production, and application of these polysaccharides in functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Xie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Jin
- b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Gordon A Morris
- c Department of Chemical Sciences , School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- d School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Han-Qing Chen
- d School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Yang Yi
- e College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | - Jing-En Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China.,f College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- d School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Peng Shang
- b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
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Thunyakitpisal P, Ruangpornvisuti V, Kengkwasing P, Chokboribal J, Sangvanich P. Acemannan increases NF-κB/DNA binding and IL-6/-8 expression by selectively binding Toll-like receptor-5 in human gingival fibroblasts. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 161:149-157. [PMID: 28189222 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acemannan, an acetylated polymannose from Aloe vera, has immunomodulatory effects. We investigated whether acemannan induces IL-6 and -8 expression and NF-κB/DNA binding in human gingival fibroblasts. IL-6 and -8 expression levels were assessed via RT-PCR and ELISA. The NF-κB p50/p65-DNA binding was determined. The structures of acemannan mono-pentamers and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) were simulated. The binding energies between acemannan and TLR5 were identified. We found that acemannan significantly stimulated IL-6/-8 expression at both the mRNA and protein level and significantly increased p50/DNA binding. Preincubation with an anti-TLR5 neutralizing antibody abolished acemannan-induced IL-6/-8 expression and p50/DNA binding, and co-incubation of acemannan with Bay11-7082, a specific NF- κB inhibitor, abolished IL-6/-8 expression. The computer modeling indicated that monomeric/dimeric single stranded acemannan molecules interacted with the TLR5 flagellin recognition sites with a high binding affinity. We conclude that acemannan induces IL-6/-8 expression, and p50/DNA binding in gingival fibroblasts, at least partly, via a TLR5/NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway. Furthermore, acemannan selectively binds with TLR5 ectodomain flagellin recognition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vithaya Ruangpornvisuti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pattrawadee Kengkwasing
- Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jaroenporn Chokboribal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Polkit Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Shokraneh M, Ghalamkari G, Toghyani M, Landy N. Influence of drinking water containing Aloe vera ( Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel on growth performance, intestinal microflora, and humoral immune responses of broilers. Vet World 2016; 9:1197-1203. [PMID: 27956768 PMCID: PMC5146297 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1197-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The risk of bacteria resistance to specific antibiotics possibly by continuous subtherapeutical administration of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry feed led to a ban on the use of AGP in poultry production. As a result of this ban, alternative substances for poultry growth promotion and disease prevention are being investigated, among which phytogenic and herbal products have received increased attention as natural additives because they have been accepted by consumers as natural additives. The effect of water supplementation of Aloe vera (AV) as an AGP substitute on performance, intestinal microflora, and immune responses of broilers. Materials and Methods: The five experimental treatments were allocated to four replicates. The following treatments were applied (1) a basal broiler diet (C) and normal drinking water, (2) 0.5% AV gel in drinking water, (3) 0.75% AV gel in drinking water, (4) 1% AV gel in drinking water, and (5) diet C supplemented with flavophospholipol at 4.5 mg/kg and drinking normal water. Vaccines against influenza disease and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) were administrated to immunological stimuli. The populations of Lactobacilli spp. and coliforms were enumerated in ileum. Results: Body weight of broilers supplemented with different levels of AV increased compared with control group (p<0.05). Birds supplemented with antibiotic had the best feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) in different periods. Supplementation of 0.5% and 0.75% AV improved F: G entire experimental period compared with control group (p<0.05). Coliform bacteria were reduced in broilers supplemented with different levels of AV or antibiotic (p<0.05). The Lactobacilli spp. population in birds supplemented with 0.75%, 1% AV or antibiotic significantly was higher than other groups (p<0.05). Supplementation with 1% AV led to greater antibody titers against SRBC compared with other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrated a possibility of supplementing broiler drinking water with 1% AV gel as an alternative for AGP substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Shokraneh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139999, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ghalamkari
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139999, Iran
| | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139999, Iran
| | - Nasir Landy
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139999, Iran
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Moriyama M, Moriyama H, Uda J, Kubo H, Nakajima Y, Goto A, Akaki J, Yoshida I, Matsuoka N, Hayakawa T. Beneficial Effects of the Genus Aloe on Wound Healing, Cell Proliferation, and Differentiation of Epidermal Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164799. [PMID: 27736988 PMCID: PMC5063354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe has been used as a folk medicine because it has several important therapeutic properties. These include wound and burn healing, and Aloe is now used in a variety of commercially available topical medications for wound healing and skin care. However, its effects on epidermal keratinocytes remain largely unclear. Our data indicated that both Aloe vera gel (AVG) and Cape aloe extract (CAE) significantly improved wound healing in human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HPEKs) and a human skin equivalent model. In addition, flow cytometry analysis revealed that cell surface expressions of β1-, α6-, β4-integrin, and E-cadherin increased in HPEKs treated with AVG and CAE. These increases may contribute to cell migration and wound healing. Treatment with Aloe also resulted in significant changes in cell-cycle progression and in increases in cell number. Aloe increased gene expression of differentiation markers in HPEKs, suggesting roles for AVG and CAE in the improvement of keratinocyte function. Furthermore, human skin epidermal equivalents developed from HPEKs with medium containing Aloe were thicker than control equivalents, indicating the effectiveness of Aloe on enhancing epidermal development. Based on these results, both AVG and CAE have benefits in wound healing and in treatment of rough skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junki Uda
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kubo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakajima
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arisa Goto
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Akaki
- Central R&D Laboratory, KOBAYASHI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Yoshida
- Central R&D Laboratory, KOBAYASHI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuya Matsuoka
- Central R&D Laboratory, KOBAYASHI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Hayakawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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Tummalapalli M, Berthet M, Verrier B, Deopura BL, Alam MS, Gupta B. Composite wound dressings of pectin and gelatin with aloe vera and curcumin as bioactive agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:104-13. [PMID: 26529192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera and curcumin loaded oxidized pectin-gelatin (OP-Gel) matrices were used as antimicrobial finishes on nonwoven cotton fabrics to produce composite wound care devices. The drug release characteristics of the biocomposite dressings indicated that curcumin is released through a biphasic mechanism - erosion of the polymeric matrix, followed by diffusion, while aloe vera is released upon leaching of the polymeric matrix. A 50/50 composition of aloe vera/curcumin was used to fabricate OP-Gel-Aloe Curcumin dressings. However, contrary to our expectations, OP-Gel-Aloe Curcumin dressings exhibited lesser antimicrobial activity compared to OP-Gel-Aloe and OP-Gel-Curcumin dressings. The cytocompatibility of the fabricated dressings was evaluated using NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. OP-Gel-Aloe treated fibroblasts had the highest viability, with the matrices providing a substrate for good cell attachment and proliferation. On the other hand, OP-Gel-Curcumin and OP-Gel-Aloe Curcumin seemed to have induced apoptosis in NIH3T3 cells. In vivo wound healing analysis was carried out using an excisional splint wound model on C57BL/6J mice. OP-Gel-Aloe treated wounds exhibited very rapid healing with 80% of the wound healing in just 8 days. Furthermore, aloe vera exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect and prominent scar prevention. Histological examination revealed that an ordered collagen formation and neovascularization could be observed along with migration of nuclei. Therefore, OP-Gel-Aloe biocomposite dressings are proposed as viable materials for effective wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Tummalapalli
- Bioengineering Lab, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 16, India
| | - Morgane Berthet
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, UMR 5305 CNRS-UCBL, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, UMR 5305 CNRS-UCBL, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - B L Deopura
- Bioengineering Lab, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 16, India
| | - M S Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 62, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Lab, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 16, India.
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Processed Aloe vera gel ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19342-54. [PMID: 25347273 PMCID: PMC4264114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of processed Aloe vera gel (PAG) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunotoxicity were examined in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of CP significantly reduced the total number of lymphocytes and erythrocytes in the blood. Oral administration of PAG quickly restored CP-induced lymphopenia and erythropenia in a dose-dependent manner. The reversal of CP-induced hematotoxicity by PAG was mediated by the functional preservation of Peyer’s patch cells. Peyer’s patch cells isolated from CP-treated mice, which were administered PAG, produced higher levels of T helper 1 cytokines and colony-stimulating factors (CSF) in response to concanavalin A stimulation as compared with those isolated from CP-treated control mice. PAG-derived polysaccharides directly activated Peyer’s patch cells isolated from normal mice to produce cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, interferon-γ, granulocyte-CSF, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF. The cytokines produced by polysaccharide-stimulated Peyer’s patch cells had potent proliferation-inducing activity on mouse bone marrow cells. In addition, oral administration of PAG restored IgA secretion in the intestine after CP treatment. These results indicated that PAG could be an effective immunomodulator and that it could prevent CP-induced immunotoxic side effects.
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Sierra-García GD, Castro-Ríos R, González-Horta A, Lara-Arias J, Chávez-Montes A. Acemannan, an Extracted Polysaccharide from Aloe vera: A Literature Review. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the composition, actions, and clinical applications of acemannan in medicine and its effectiveness as an adjunct in the treatment of diseases are presented. An electronic literature search was performed up to January 2014 for studies and research presenting data to validate the efficacy of acemannan. A total of 50 titles, abstracts and full-text studies were selected and reviewed. Acemannan has various medicinal properties like osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, which accelerate healing of lesions. Also, acemannan is known to have antiviral and antitumor activities in vivo through activation of immune responses. It was concluded that Aloe vera has immense potential as a therapeutic agent. Even though the plant is a promising herb with various clinical applications in medicine and dentistry, more clinical research needs to be undertaken to validate and explain the action of acemannan in healing, so that it can be established in the field of medicine and a more precise understanding of the biological activities of these is required to develop Aloe vera as a pharmaceutical source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Castro-Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
| | - Azucena González-Horta
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge Lara-Arias
- Bone and Tissue Bank, University Hospital Dr José E. González, Monterrey, México
| | - Abelardo Chávez-Montes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
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Oral administration of Aloe vera gel, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory herbal remedy, stimulates cell-mediated immunity and antibody production in a mouse model. Cent Eur J Immunol 2014; 39:125-30. [PMID: 26155113 PMCID: PMC4440021 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.43711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Aloe barbadensis Mill) Liliaceae, succulent plant native to northern Africa, is presently cultivated in many regions of the world. Traditionally, its inner part of parenchyma, which contains aloe gel, was used for the treatment of minor wounds, inflammatory skin disorders, thermal and radiation burns and to alleviate chronic osteoarthritis pain. It also possesses some antimicrobial activity. Now, aloe gel is also increasingly consumed as a dietary supplement. Some data suggest its immunomodulatory properties. The aim of the study The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of orally administered aloe gel on some parameters of cellular and humoral immunity viz. mitogen-induced proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and their chemokinetic activity, and anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antibody production in Balb/c mice. Results Daily treatment of mice for 14 and 21 days with 50 µl or 150 µl of aloe gel dose resulted in enhanced chemokinetic activity and stronger response of their splenic lymphocytes to mitogen PHA and enhancement of anti-SRBC antibody production.
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Thakur M, Weng A, Fuchs H, Sharma V, Bhargava CS, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK, Bhargava S. Rasayana properties of Ayurvedic herbs: Are polysaccharides a major contributor. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Im SA, Lee YR, Lee YH, Lee MK, Park YI, Lee S, Kim K, Lee CK. In vivo evidence of the immunomodulatory activity of orally administered Aloe vera gel. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:451-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lobo R, Prabhu KS, Shirwaikar A, Ballal M, Balachandran C, Shirwaikar A. A HPTLC densitometric method for the determination of aloeverose in Aloe vera gel. Fitoterapia 2009; 81:231-3. [PMID: 19761820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera gel is a familiar ingredient in a range of widely available and advertisement healthcare and cosmetic products. As to date there are no documented reports on the standardization of A. vera gel and the following study is an attempt in this direction. A. vera gel was evaluated for its aloeverose content for the first time. Aloeverose, was separated on a thin-layer of silica gel by isocratic gradient elution technique was determined by using HPTLC-photodensitometry. The proposed method is simple and sensitive and can be used for the routine assay of aloeverose in phytomedicines containing A. vera gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Protective effect of Aloe vera on polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1341-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Leung MYK, Liu C, Koon JCM, Fung KP. Polysaccharide biological response modifiers. Immunol Lett 2006; 105:101-14. [PMID: 16554097 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological response modifiers (BRMs) are substances which augment immune response. BRMs can be cytokines which are produced endogenously in our body by immune cells or derivatives of bacteria, fungi, brown algae, Aloe vera and photosynthetic plants. Such exogeneous derivatives (exogeneous BRMs) can be nucleic acid (CpG), lipid (lipotechoic acid), protein or polysaccharide in nature. The receptors for these exogeneous BRMs are pattern recognition receptors. The binding of exogeneous BRMs to pattern recognition receptors triggers immune response. Exogenous BRMs have been reported to have anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, and anti-tumor activities. Among different exogeneous BRMs, polysaccharide BRMs have the widest occurrence in nature. Some polysaccharide BRMs have been tested for their therapeutic properties in human clinical trials. An overview of current understandings of polysaccharide BRMs is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y K Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Im SA, Kim K, Lee CK. Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Salicornia herbacea. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1451-8. [PMID: 16846839 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several types of immunomodulatory polysaccharides originated from plants or mushrooms have been used as immunotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancers. Here, we describe an immunomodulatory polysaccharide that cannot only activate monocytic cells strongly, but also induce differentiation of monocytic cells into macrophages. High molecular weight substances, SHE, were isolated from Salicornia herbacea, which has been used to treat a variety of diseases including cancers in traditional oriental remedy. The immunomodulatory activities of SHE were examined on a mouse monocytic cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. We found that SHE activated RAW cells to produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, and nitric oxide (NO) dose dependently. SHE also induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as B7-1 and CD40, and increased phagocytic activity on opsonized sheep red blood cells. While increasing these parameters of macrophage activation, SHE inhibited the growth of RAW cells dose dependently inducing morphological changes from slightly adherent monocytic cells to strongly adherent macrophages. The active components of SHE appeared to be polysaccharides, and not an endotoxin. These results show that polysaccharides originated from S. herbacea possess potent immunomodulatory activity on monocyte/macrophage lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Boudreau MD, Beland FA. An evaluation of the biological and toxicological properties of Aloe barbadensis (miller), Aloe vera. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2006; 24:103-54. [PMID: 16690538 DOI: 10.1080/10590500600614303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aloe barbadensis (Miller), Aloe vera, has a long history of use as a topical and oral therapeutic. The plant is the source of two products, gel and latex, which are obtained from its fleshy leaves. Aloe vera products contain multiple constituents with potential biological and toxicological activities, yet the active components elude definition. Ingestion of Aloe vera is associated with diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, kidney dysfunction, and conventional drug interactions; episodes of contact dermatitis, erythema, and phototoxicity have been reported from topical applications. This review examines the botany, physical and chemical properties, and biological activities of the Aloe vera plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Boudreau
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
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Im SA, Oh ST, Song S, Kim MR, Kim DS, Woo SS, Jo TH, Park YI, Lee CK. Identification of optimal molecular size of modified Aloe polysaccharides with maximum immunomodulatory activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:271-9. [PMID: 15652758 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 09/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides isolated from the gel of Aloe species have been known to have diverse biological activities, including immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. The molecular size-immunomodulatory activity relationship of modified Aloe polysaccharide (MAP) was examined in this study. Crude MAP (G2E1) was prepared from the gel of Aloe vera that was partially digested with cellulase. Proteins in crude MAP were removed by passage through a DEAE-Sephacel column, and then the protein-free MAP (G2E1D) was further separated into three fractions, G2E1DS3 molecular weight (MW > or = 400 KDa), G2E1DS2 (5 KDa < or = MW < or = 400 KDa), G2E1DS1 (MW < or = 5 KDa), by Sephacryl column chromatography and ultrafiltration. Immunomodulatory activities of MAP preparations were examined on a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, and in ICR strain of mouse implanted with sarcoma 180 cells. We found that polysaccharides between 400 and 5 KDa exhibit the most potent macrophage-activating activity as determined by increased cytokine production, nitric oxide release, expression of surface molecules, and phagocytic activity. In accordance with the in vitro activity, polysaccharides between 400 and 5 KDa also exhibited the most potent antitumor activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Talmadge J, Chavez J, Jacobs L, Munger C, Chinnah T, Chow JT, Williamson D, Yates K. Fractionation of Aloe vera L. inner gel, purification and molecular profiling of activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:1757-73. [PMID: 15531292 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Products derived from the inner gel of the Aloe vera L. plant have demonstrated multiple clinical activities, and are used routinely to accelerate wound healing. However, typical of natural products, the complex nature of Aloe vera gels may contribute to diverse pharmacologic activities. Our focus on the hematopoietic activities of Aloe vera extracts is extended by these functional studies, which used purified fractions from Aloe vera gel and included a preliminary organ-specific in vitro molecular profile. Studies using a >99% pure carbohydrate fraction from Aloe vera extracts revealed increased hematopoietic and hematologic activity compared to the starting material. In addition, this fraction differentially regulated liver and lung cytokine mRNA levels, resulting in significant increases in message for hematopoietic cytokines [granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF)]. This profile of activity differed from another fraction obtained from Aloe vera, suggesting the potential for diverse pharmacologic activity. The molecular studies were undertaken using co-cultures of organ slices to limit the amount of purified material required. In summary, these studies revealed significant hematopoietic activity by both pharmacologic and molecular analysis using a >99% pure carbohydrate fraction from Aloe vera gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Talmadge
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 987660 Nebraska Medical Center, South 42nd Street, Omaha, NE 68198-7660, USA.
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Langmead L, Feakins RM, Goldthorpe S, Holt H, Tsironi E, De Silva A, Jewell DP, Rampton DS. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral aloe vera gel for active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19:739-47. [PMID: 15043514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The herbal preparation, aloe vera, has been claimed to have anti-inflammatory effects and, despite a lack of evidence of its therapeutic efficacy, is widely used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AIM To perform a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of aloe vera gel for the treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. METHODS Forty-four evaluable hospital out-patients were randomly given oral aloe vera gel or placebo, 100 mL twice daily for 4 weeks, in a 2 : 1 ratio. The primary outcome measures were clinical remission (Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index </= 2), sigmoidoscopic remission (Baron score </= 1) and histological remission (Saverymuttu score </= 1). Secondary outcome measures included changes in the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (improvement was defined as a decrease of >/= 3 points; response was defined as remission or improvement), Baron score, histology score, haemoglobin, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and albumin. RESULTS Clinical remission, improvement and response occurred in nine (30%), 11 (37%) and 14 (47%), respectively, of 30 patients given aloe vera, compared with one (7%) [P = 0.09; odds ratio, 5.6 (0.6-49)], one (7%) [P = 0.06; odds ratio, 7.5 (0.9-66)] and two (14%) [P < 0.05; odds ratio, 5.3 (1.0-27)], respectively, of 14 patients taking placebo. The Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index and histological scores decreased significantly during treatment with aloe vera (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively), but not with placebo. Sigmoidoscopic scores and laboratory variables showed no significant differences between aloe vera and placebo. Adverse events were minor and similar in both groups of patients. CONCLUSION Oral aloe vera taken for 4 weeks produced a clinical response more often than placebo; it also reduced the histological disease activity and appeared to be safe. Further evaluation of the therapeutic potential of aloe vera gel in inflammatory bowel disease is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Langmead
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science, Barts and The London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Choi S, Chung MH. A review on the relationship between aloe vera components and their biologic effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1543-1150(03)00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bernardelli P, Gaudillière B, Vergne F. Chapter 26. To market, to market - 2001. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(02)37027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lee JK, Lee MK, Yun YP, Kim Y, Kim JS, Kim YS, Kim K, Han SS, Lee CK. Acemannan purified from Aloe vera induces phenotypic and functional maturation of immature dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:1275-84. [PMID: 11460308 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acemannan, a major carbohydrate fraction of Aloe vera gel, has been known to have antiviral and antitumoral activities in vivo through activation of immune responses. The present study was set out to define the immunomodulatory activity of acemannan on dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most important accessory cells for the initiation of primary immune responses. Immature DCs were generated from mouse bone marrow (BM) cells by culturing in a medium supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4, and then stimulated with acemannan, sulfated acemannan, and LPS, respectively. The resultant DCs were examined for phenotypic and functional properties. Phenotypic analysis for the expression of class II MHC molecules and major co-stimulatory molecules such as B7-1, B7-2, CD40 and CD54 confirmed that acemannan could induce maturation of immature DCs. Functional maturation of immature DCs was supported by increased allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and IL-12 production. The differentiation-inducing activity of acemannan was almost completely abolished by chemical sulfation. Based on these results, we propose that the adjuvant activity of acemannan is at least in part due to its capacity to promote differentiation of immature DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Lefkowitz DL, Stuart R, Gnade BT, Roberts E, Lefkowitz SS. Effects of a glyconutrient on macrophage functions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 22:299-308. [PMID: 10689103 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(99)00085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mannosylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) enhances the respiratory burst (RB), phagocytosis, and killing of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli by resident murine peritoneal macrophages (Mphi). Upregulation of the above Mphi functions was associated with the binding of mBSA to the macrophage mannose receptor. The present study was done to determine if certain glyconutrients could stimulate Mphi functions in a similar manner. Resident peritoneal murine Mphi collected from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the glyconutrients for 10 and 60 min. The RB was measured using chemiluminescence. Both phagocytosis and killing were measured after incubation with each of the following microorganisms: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The percent phagocytosis and killing were determined using fluorescence microscopy. Results indicated that certain glyconutrients, caused a dose and time dependent effect on Mphi-induced killing of all three microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Lefkowitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Abstract
Research since the 1986 review has largely upheld the therapeutic claims made in the earlier papers and indeed extended them into other areas. Treatment of inflammation is still the key effect for most types of healing but it is now realized that this is a complex process and that many of its constituent processes may be addressed in different ways by different gel components. A common theme running though much recent research is the immunomodulatory properties of the gel polysaccharides, especially the acetylated mannans from Aloe vera, which are now a proprietary substance covered by many patents. There have also been, however, persistent reports of active glycoprotein fractions from both Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens. There are also cautionary investigations warning of possible allergic effects on some patients. Reports also describe antidiabetic, anticancer and antibiotic activities, so we may expect to see a widening use of aloe gel. Several reputable suppliers produce a stabilized aloe gel for use as itself or in formulations and there may be moves towards isolating and eventually providing verified active ingredients in dosable quantities
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reynolds
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
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Gomez-Flores R, Suo JL, Weber RJ. Suppression of splenic macrophage functions following acute morphine action in the rat mesencephalon periaqueductal gray. Brain Behav Immun 1999; 13:212-24. [PMID: 10469523 DOI: 10.1006/brbi.1999.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine action in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter of the mesencephalon suppresses T cell proliferation and NK cell activity through actions at mu opioid receptors. We investigated the effect of acute microinjection of morphine in the rat PAG on macrophage function. We found that morphine injection in the PAG significantly (p <.01) suppressed nitric oxide production by untreated (82 +/- 23% suppression), IFN-gamma-primed (57 +/- 11% suppression), and LPS-activated (50 +/- 7% suppression) splenic macrophages and did not alter macrophage viability. In contrast, IFN-gamma- and LPS-activated macrophages from PAG-injected saline rats generated an increased output of nitric oxide, which was associated with significant (p <.01) reduction in cell viability. Morphine significantly (p <.01) inhibited TNF-alpha production by LPS-activated macrophages (28 +/- 8% inhibition compared with PAG-injected saline rats). In addition, morphine significantly (p <. 05) inhibited phagocytosis of Candida albicans by resident macrophages (40 +/- 20% inhibition compared with that of macrophages from PAG-injected saline rats). Responses of resident or activated macrophages from PAG-injected saline and untreated control groups did not differ significantly. The results of this ex vivo study suggest that suppressive effects of morphine on macrophage functions may contribute to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and cancer associated with drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gomez-Flores
- Department of Biomedical and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Illinois, Peoria, Illinois 61656, USA
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