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Liu W, Jiang P, Song T, Yang K, Yuan F, Gao T, Liu Z, Li C, Guo R, Xiao S, Tian Y, Zhou D. A Recombinant Chimera Vaccine Composed of LTB and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Antigens P97R1, mhp390 and P46 Elicits Cellular Immunologic Response in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1291. [PMID: 37631860 PMCID: PMC10457768 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), leading to a mild and chronic pneumonia in swine. Relative control has been attained through active vaccination programs, but porcine enzootic pneumonia remains a significant economic challenge in the swine industry. Cellular immunity plays a key role in the prevention and control of porcine enzootic pneumonia. Therefore, the development of a more efficient vaccine that confers a strong immunity against M. hyopneumoniae is necessary. In this study, a multi-antigen chimera (L9m6) was constructed by combining the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) with three antigens of M. hyopneumoniae (P97R1, mhp390, and P46), and its immunogenic and antigenic properties were assessed in a murine model. In addition, we compared the effect of individual administration and multiple-fusion of these antigens. The chimeric multi-fusion vaccine induced significant cellular immune responses and high production of IgG and IgM antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae. Collectively, our data suggested that rL9m6 chimera exhibits potential as a viable vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of porcine enzootic pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Peizhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Tao Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
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HD-13 Induces Swine Pneumonia Progression via Activation of TLR9. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8660752. [PMID: 35132333 PMCID: PMC8817872 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8660752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Swine pneumonia commonly known as swine pasteurellosis is an infectious disease of swine caused by Pasteurella multocida infection. It has been reported that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a vital role in swine pneumonia progression. However, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. This research was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism by which TLR9 regulates swine pneumonia progression. Our findings illustrated that the HD-13 strain of Pasteurella multocida D (HD-13) accelerated TLR9 expression in porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/21 cells; HD-13 activated the inflammatory response via accelerating TLR9 expression. Mechanistically, HD-13 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) signals. In conclusion, HD-13 may activate MAPK and NF-κB pathways via accelerating TLR9 expression, thereby accelerating the inflammatory response in the progression of swine pneumonia. TLR9 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for swine pneumonia. Our research may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of swine pneumonia.
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Maes D, Boyen F, Devriendt B, Kuhnert P, Summerfield A, Haesebrouck F. Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs. Vet Res 2021; 52:67. [PMID: 33964969 PMCID: PMC8106180 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the primary agents involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex, economically one of the most important diseases in pigs worldwide. The pathogen adheres to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, causes damage to the mucosal clearance system, modulates the immune system and renders the animal more susceptible to other respiratory infections. The pathogenesis is very complex and not yet fully understood. Cell-mediated and likely also mucosal humoral responses are considered important for protection, although infected animals are not able to rapidly clear the pathogen from the respiratory tract. Vaccination is frequently practiced worldwide to control M. hyopneumoniae infections and the associated performance losses, animal welfare issues, and treatment costs. Commercial vaccines are mostly bacterins that are administered intramuscularly. However, the commercial vaccines provide only partial protection, they do not prevent infection and have a limited effect on transmission. Therefore, there is a need for novel vaccines that confer a better protection. The present paper gives a short overview of the pathogenesis and immune responses following M. hyopneumoniae infection, outlines the major limitations of the commercial vaccines and reviews the different experimental M. hyopneumoniae vaccines that have been developed and tested in mice and pigs. Most experimental subunit, DNA and vector vaccines are based on the P97 adhesin or other factors that are important for pathogen survival and pathogenesis. Other studies focused on bacterins combined with novel adjuvants. Very few efforts have been directed towards the development of attenuated vaccines, although such vaccines may have great potential. As cell-mediated and likely also humoral mucosal responses are important for protection, new vaccines should aim to target these arms of the immune response. The selection of proper antigens, administration route and type of adjuvant and carrier molecule is essential for success. Also practical aspects, such as cost of the vaccine, ease of production, transport and administration, and possible combination with vaccines against other porcine pathogens, are important. Possible avenues for further research to develop better vaccines and to achieve a more sustainable control of M. hyopneumoniae infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Filip Boyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020119. [PMID: 33503845 PMCID: PMC7911756 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia which can lead to both acute upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation, and extrapulmonary syndromes. Refractory pneumonia caused by M. pneumonia can be life-threatening, especially in infants and the elderly. Here, based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature related to the respective area, we summarize the virulence factors of M. pneumoniae and the major pathogenic mechanisms mediated by the pathogen: adhesion to host cells, direct cytotoxicity against host cells, inflammatory response-induced immune injury, and immune evasion. The increasing rate of macrolide-resistant strains and the harmful side effects of other sensitive antibiotics (e.g., respiratory quinolones and tetracyclines) in young children make it difficult to treat, and increase the health risk or re-infections. Hence, there is an urgent need for development of an effective vaccine to prevent M. pneumoniae infections in children. Various types of M. pneumoniae vaccines have been reported, including whole-cell vaccines (inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines), subunit vaccines (involving M. pneumoniae protein P1, protein P30, protein P116 and CARDS toxin) and DNA vaccines. This narrative review summarizes the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying M. pneumoniae infection and highlights the relevant vaccines that have been developed and their reported effectiveness.
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Mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by intranasal immunization of recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the P97R1, P46 antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:BSR20191126. [PMID: 31492763 PMCID: PMC6822509 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the pathogen of swine enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease affecting pigs of all ages. The ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract are the main target invaded and colonized by M. hyopneumoniae. Therefore, the ideal vaccine would be mucosally administered and able to stimulate suitable mucosal immunity and prevent the adherence of pathogens to mucosal cell surfaces. Currently, Bacillus subtilis as a recombinant vaccine carrier has been used for antigen delivery and proved to be effectively enhancing the innate immunity of nasal mucosa. Here, our study attempts to construct recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B.S-P97R1, B.S-P46), which can express the P97R1 or P46 antigen of M. hyopneumoniae, and to evaluate the immune responses in BALB/c mice. Initially, we respectively successfully constructed recombinant B.S-P97R1, B.S-P46 and validated the expression of antigen proteins by Western analysis. Then, recombinant B.S-P97R1 or B.S-P46 were respectively intranasally (i.n.) immunized in mice. Both strong P97R1-specific and P46-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies were induced in sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALs) by ELISA analysis. Moreover, the levels of specific IL-4, IFN-γ in the immunized mice were elevated, and the proliferation of lymphocytes was also enhanced. In general, intranasal inoculation of recombinant B.S-P97R1 or B.S-P46 resulted in strong mucosal immunity, cell-mediated and humoral immunity, which was a mixed Th1/Th2-type response. In addition, our results provided a potential novel strategy that may be applied to the development of vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae.
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Ning Y, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wen Y, Xu Z, Tian Y, Yang M, Wang X, Yang Y, Ding H. Elevated Mhp462 antibody induced by natural infection but not in vitro culture of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04832. [PMID: 32923730 PMCID: PMC7476235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the respiratory pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory infectious disease that causes substantial pecuniary losses to pig husbandry worldwide. Commercial bacterins only provide incomplete protection and do not prevent the colonization and transmission of M. hyopneumoniae. Identification of new protective antigens is a key imperative for the development of more effective novel vaccine. The objective of this study was to evaluate antibody responses of 27 recombinant proteins in convalescent sera obtained from pigs that were naturally infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Fifteen proteins were identified as serological immunodominant antigens, while 3 proteins were not recognized by any convalescent serum. Moreover, Mhp462, a leucine aminopeptidase, was found to be a discriminative serological immunodominant antigen which reacted with convalescent sera but not with hyperimmune sera. The serological immunodominant proteins were antigenic and were expressed during infection; this suggests that these proteins (especially the discriminative one) are potential candidate antigens for the development of next generation vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Ning
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaoqin Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yukang Wen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zuobo Xu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaqin Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yujiao Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Shimoji Y, Ogawa Y, Tsukio M, Shiraiwa K, Nishikawa S, Eguchi M. Genome-Wide Identification of Virulence Genes in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Use of a Mutant Deficient in a tagF Homolog as a Safe Oral Vaccine against Swine Erysipelas. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00673-19. [PMID: 31548316 PMCID: PMC6867862 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00673-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine erysipelas is caused by the Gram-positive pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae The swine erysipelas live vaccine in Japan, the E. rhusiopathiae Koganei 65-0.15 strain (Koganei), has been reported to cause arthritis and endocarditis. To develop a vaccine with increased safety, we used a virulent Fujisawa strain to construct transposon mutants for a total of 651 genes, which covered 38% of the coding sequence of the genome. We screened the mutants for attenuation by inoculating mice with 108 CFU of each mutant and subsequently assessed protective capability by challenging the surviving mice with 103 CFU (102 times the 50% lethal dose) of the Fujisawa strain. Of the 23 attenuated mutants obtained, 6 mutants were selected and evaluated for protective capability in pigs by comparison to that of the Koganei strain. A mutant in the ERH_0432 (tagF) gene encoding a putative CDP-glycerol glycerophosphotransferase was found to be highly attenuated and to induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in conventional pigs. An in-frame deletion mutant of the gene, the Δ432 mutant, was constructed, and attenuation was further confirmed in germfree piglets; three of four piglets subcutaneously inoculated with 109 CFU of the Δ432 mutant showed no apparent clinical symptoms, whereas all four of the Koganei-inoculated piglets died 3 days after inoculation. It was confirmed that conventional pigs inoculated orally or subcutaneously with the Δ432 strain were almost completely protected against lethal challenge infection. Thus, the tagF homolog mutant of E. rhusiopathiae represents a safe vaccine candidate that can be administered via the oral and subcutaneous routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shimoji
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ogawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Manae Tsukio
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shiraiwa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishikawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eguchi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tao Y, Shu J, Chen J, Wu Y, He Y. A concise review of vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Maes D, Sibila M, Kuhnert P, Segalés J, Haesebrouck F, Pieters M. Update on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs: Knowledge gaps for improved disease control. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:110-124. [PMID: 28834294 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease in pigs. Infections occur worldwide and cause major economic losses to the pig industry. The present paper reviews the current knowledge on M. hyopneumoniae infections, with emphasis on identification and analysis of knowledge gaps for optimizing control of the disease. Close contact between infected and susceptible pigs is the main route of M. hyopneumoniae transmission. Management and housing conditions predisposing for infection or disease are known, but further research is needed to better understand M. hyopneumoniae transmission patterns in modern pig production systems, and to assess the importance of the breeding population for downstream disease control. The organism is primarily found on the mucosal surface of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Different adhesins and lipoproteins are involved in the adherence process. However, a clear picture of the virulence and pathogenicity of M. hyopneumoniae is still missing. The role of glycerol metabolism, myoinositol metabolism and the Mycoplasma Ig binding protein-Mycoplasma Ig protease system should be further investigated for their contribution to virulence. The destruction of the mucociliary apparatus, together with modulating the immune response, enhances the susceptibility of infected pigs to secondary pathogens. Clinical signs and severity of lesions depend on different factors, such as management, environmental conditions and likely also M. hyopneumoniae strain. The potential impact of strain variability on disease severity is not well defined. Diagnostics could be improved by developing tests that may detect virulent strains, by improving sampling in live animals and by designing ELISAs allowing discrimination between infected and vaccinated pigs. The currently available vaccines are often cost-efficient, but the ongoing research on developing new vaccines that confer protective immunity and reduce transmission should be continued, as well as optimization of protocols to eliminate M. hyopneumoniae from pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Sibila
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P Kuhnert
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Segalés
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Pieters
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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de Oliveira NR, Jorge S, Gomes CK, Rizzi C, Pacce VD, Collares TF, Monte LG, Dellagostin OA. A novel chimeric protein composed of recombinant Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens as a vaccine candidate evaluated in mice. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:146-153. [PMID: 28284602 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) is caused by the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae pathogenic bacteria, and it represents a significant respiratory disease that is responsible for major economic losses within the pig industry throughout the world. The bacterins that are currently commercially available have been proven to offer only partial protection against M. hyopneumoniae, and the development of more efficient vaccines is required. Several recombinant antigens have been evaluated via different immunization strategies and have been found to be highly immunogenic. This work describes the construction and immunological characterization of a multi-antigen chimera composed of four M. hyopneumoniae antigens: P97R1, P46, P95, and P42. Immunogenic regions of each antigen were selected and combined to encode a single polypeptide. The gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the chimeric protein was recognized by specific antibodies against each subunit, as well as by convalescent pig sera. The immunogenic properties of the chimera were then evaluated in a mice model through two recombinant vaccines that were formulated as follows: (1) purified chimeric protein plus adjuvant or (2) recombinant Escherichia coli bacterin. The immune response induced in BALB/c mice immunized with each formulation was characterized in terms of total IgG levels, IgG1, and IgG2a isotypes against each antigen present in the chimera. The results of the study indicated that novel chimeric protein is a potential candidate for the future development of a more effective vaccine against EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Jorge
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Klazer Gomes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rizzi
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Violetta Dias Pacce
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Farias Collares
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Garcia Monte
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CP 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of swine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a disease that affects swine production worldwide. Vaccination is the most cost-effective strategy for the control and prevention of the disease. Research using genome-based approach has the potential to elucidate the biology and pathogenesis of M. hyopneumoniae and contribute to the development of more effective vaccines. Here, we describe the protocol for developing M. hyopneumoniae recombinant vaccines using reverse vaccinology approaches.
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Fisch A, Marchioro SB, Gomes CK, Galli V, de Oliveira NR, Simionatto S, Dellagostin OA, Mendonça M, Moreira ÂN, Conceição FR. Commercial bacterins did not induce detectable levels of antibodies in mice against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens strongly recognized by swine immune system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trivac.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Cloning of a synthetic chimeric gene containing recombinant Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens for expression in Pichia pastoris. BMC Proc 2014. [PMCID: PMC4210846 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-8-s4-p247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Jorge S, de Oliveira NR, Marchioro SB, Fisch A, Gomes CK, Hartleben CP, Conceição FR, Dellagostin OA. The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae recombinant heat shock protein P42 induces an immune response in pigs under field conditions. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 37:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Marchioro SB, Sácristan RDP, Michiels A, Haesebrouck F, Conceição FR, Dellagostin OA, Maes D. Immune responses of a chimaeric protein vaccine containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens and LTB against experimental M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs. Vaccine 2014; 32:4689-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Marchioro SB, Fisch A, Gomes CK, Jorge S, Galli V, Haesebrouck F, Maes D, Dellagostin O, Conceição FR. Local and systemic immune responses induced by a recombinant chimeric protein containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens fused to the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin LTB. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:166-71. [PMID: 25091529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A multi-antigen chimera composed of three antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (R1, P42, and NrdF) and the mucosal adjuvant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) was constructed, and its antigenic and immunogenic properties were evaluated in mice and pigs. In addition, we compared the effect of the fusion and co-administration of these proteins in mice. Antibodies against each subunit recognized the chimeric protein. Intranasal and intramuscular immunization of mice with the chimeric protein significantly increased IgG and IgA levels in the serum and tracheobronchial lavages, respectively, against some of the antigens present in the chimeric. Swine immunized with the chimeric protein developed an immune response against all M. hyopneumoniae antigens present in the fusion with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The adjuvant rLTB enhanced the immune response in both fused and co-administered antigens; however, better results were obtained with the chimeric protein. This multi-antigen is a promising vaccine candidate that may help control M. hyopneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Fisch
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles K Gomes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Jorge
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Galli
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Odir Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Effect of different adjuvant formulations on the immunogenicity and protective effect of a live Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine after intramuscular inoculation. Vaccine 2014; 32:3445-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Lee SH, Lee S, Chae C, Ryu DY. A recombinant chimera comprising the R1 and R2 repeat regions of M. hyopneumoniae P97 and the N-terminal region of A. pleuropneumoniae ApxIII elicits immune responses. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:43. [PMID: 24533486 PMCID: PMC3932138 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, either alone or together, causes serious respiratory diseases in pigs. Results To develop an efficient multi-disease subunit vaccine against these pathogens, we produced a chimeric protein called Ap97, which comprises a deletion derivative of the N-terminal region of the A. pleuropneumoniae ApxIII toxin (ApxN) and the R1 and R2 repeats of M. hyopneumoniae P97 adhesin (P97C), using an E. coli expression system. The levels of both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes specific for ApxN and P97C in the sera of Ap97-immunized mice increased, and Ap97 induced the secretion of IL-4 and IFN-γ by mouse splenocytes. Antisera from mice and pigs immunized with Ap97 readily reacted with both native ApxIII and P97 proteins. In addition, immunization with the Ap97 vaccine effectively protected pigs against challenge with both pathogens. Conclusions These findings suggest that Ap97 confers immunogenicity, and is an effective vaccine that protects pigs against infection by M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Doug-Young Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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19
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Barate AK, Cho Y, Truong QL, Hahn TW. Immunogenicity of IMS 1113 plus soluble subunit and chimeric proteins containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P97 C-terminal repeat regions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 352:213-20. [PMID: 24461070 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface adhesin P97 mediates the adherence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to swine cilia. Two reiterated repeats R1 and R2 are located at the C-terminus of P97. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of Montanide adjuvant IMS 1113 plus soluble subunit proteins rR1, rR1R2 and their chimeric forms coupled with B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LTB). Each recombinant protein in this study was capable of eliciting anti-R1 specific humoral antibodies (IgG), mucosal antibodies (IgG and IgA) and IFN-γ production. The chimeric protein rLTBR1R2 elicited the quickest humoral antibody response among the recombinant proteins. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis revealed that each recombinant protein was capable of inducing both Th1 and Th2 responses. Importantly, all of the proteins induced an anti-R1-specific Th2-biased response in both humoral and mucosal compartments, similar to the response observed in a natural infection or vaccination process. These observations indicate that rR1, rR1R2, rLTBR1 and rLTBR1R2 with IMS 1113 might represent a promising subunit vaccine strategy against porcine enzootic pneumonia in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit K Barate
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Development and validation of an attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae aerosol vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:417-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Xiong Q, Wei Y, Feng Z, Gan Y, Liu Z, Liu M, Bai F, Shao G. Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs. Vet J 2013; 199:268-74. [PMID: 24314715 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs. Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Xiong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanna Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuan Gan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhanjun Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fangfang Bai
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Recombinant secreted antigens from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae delivered as a cocktail vaccine enhance the immune response of mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1370-6. [PMID: 23803903 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00140-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), which is a respiratory disease responsible for huge economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. The commercially available vaccines provide only partial protection and are expensive. Thus, the development of alternatives for the prophylaxis of EP is critical for improving pig health. The use of multiple antigens in the same immunization may represent a promising alternative. In the present study, seven secreted proteins of M. hyopneumoniae were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and evaluated for antigenicity using serum from naturally and experimentally infected pigs. In addition, the immunogenicity of the seven recombinant proteins delivered individually or in protein cocktail vaccines was evaluated in mice. In Western blot assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, most of the recombinant proteins evaluated were recognized by convalescent-phase serum from the animals, indicating that they are expressed during the infectious process. The recombinant proteins were also immunogenic, and most induced a mixed IgG1/IgG2a humoral immune response. The use of these proteins in a cocktail vaccine formulation enhanced the immune response compared to their use as antigens delivered individually, providing evidence of the efficacy of the multiple-antigen administration strategy for the induction of an immune response against M. hyopneumoniae.
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Simionatto S, Marchioro SB, Maes D, Dellagostin OA. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: from disease to vaccine development. Vet Microbiol 2013; 165:234-42. [PMID: 23680109 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of swine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a disease that affects swine production worldwide. Vaccination is the most cost-effective strategy for the control and prevention of the disease. Despite efforts to control M. hyopneumoniae infection, significant economic losses in pig production continue to occur. The results of genome-based research have the potential to help understand the biology and pathogenesis of M. hyopneumoniae, and contribute to the development of more effective vaccines and diagnostic tests. In this review, the characteristics of M. hyopneumoniae related to pathogenesis and control measures will be discussed. Special emphasis will be placed on vaccination strategies that have been proposed with the use of reverse vaccinology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Simionatto
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Immunostimulatory effects of recombinant Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae expressing porcine interleukin-18 in mice and pigs. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1393-8. [PMID: 22761300 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00342-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), which was originally called gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-inducing factor, has been shown to play an important role in innate and acquired immune responses. In this study, attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains were engineered to produce porcine IL-18 (poIL-18) and evaluated for their potential immunostimulatory effect in animals. Recombinant poIL-18 was successfully expressed in the recombinant E. rhusiopathiae strains YS-1/IL-18 and KO/IL-18. The culture supernatant of YS-1/IL-18 was confirmed to induce IFN-γ production in murine splenocytes in vitro, and this production was inhibited by incubation with anti-poIL-18 monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, more IFN-γ production was induced upon stimulation of splenocytes with concanavalin A for splenocytes from mice that were intraperitoneally inoculated with YS-1/IL-18 than for splenocytes from control mice inoculated with the parent strain YS-1. Peritoneal macrophages from mice preinoculated with YS-1/IL-18 exhibited enhanced phagocytosis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium compared with peritoneal macrophages from control mice preinoculated with YS-1. We also confirmed the immunostimulatory effect on humoral immune responses against antigens of E. rhusiopathiae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in gnotobiotic pigs that were orally preinoculated with KO/IL-18. Thus, these results provide evidence that E. rhusiopathiae is a promising vector for the expression of host cytokines and suggest the potential utility of E. rhusiopathiae vector-encoded cytokines in the activation of host innate and acquired immune responses.
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25
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Simionatto S, Marchioro SB, Galli V, Brum CB, Klein CS, Rebelatto R, Silva EF, Borsuk S, Conceição FR, Dellagostin OA. Immunological characterization of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae recombinant proteins. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Zou HY, Liu XJ, Ma FY, Chen P, Zhou R, He QG. Attenuated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as a bacterial vector for expression of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P36 gene. J Gene Med 2011; 13:221-9. [PMID: 21432947 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are causative agents of porcine pneumonia. Over the last few years, attenuated A. pleuropneumoniae live vaccines have been shown to provide protection against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. We postulated that attenuated A. pleuropneumoniae could additionally be used as a vaccine vector for protection against M. hyopneumoniae. METHODS A mutant strain of A. pleuropneumoniae, SLW36, was constructed by replacing the urease structural gene of mutant strain SLW03 of A. pleuropneumoniae with the L-lactate dehydrogenase gene (p36) of M. hyopneumoniae by transconjugation and counter selection. The urease function and the growth kinetics of SLW36 were measured. Protein expression of P36 was analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. The attenuated virulence and immunity of SLW36 were analyzed in a mouse model. RESULTS The mutant strain SLW36 was urease negative and four-fold less virulent than the parental strain SLW03. There were no differences in expression levels of p36 at different culture time-points and the foreign gene was stable after in vitro passage. Immunoglobulin G responses against p36 antigen and M. hyopneumoniae whole-cell antigen were detected. CONCLUSIONS The mutant strain SLW36 can induce antibody against p36 and M. hyopneumoniae. The mutant strain SLW36 has the potential to be used as a live vaccine for protection against A. pleuropneumoniae and M. hyopneumoniae. Studies in pigs are needed to confirm protective levels of antibodies and to check for rare side-effects of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yong Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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27
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Marchioro SB, Simionatto S, Galli V, Conceição FR, Brum CB, Fisch A, Gomes CK, Dellagostin OA. Production and characterization of recombinant transmembrane proteins from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2011; 155:44-52. [PMID: 21890287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of swine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic respiratory disease which causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. More efficient strategies for controlling this disease are necessary. In this study, we cloned17 genes coding for transmembrane proteins from M. hyopneumoniae, among which six were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and had their immunogenic and antigenic properties evaluated. All proteins were immunogenic in mice and sera from naturally infected pigs reacted with the recombinant proteins, suggesting that they are expressed during infection. These antigens may contribute for the development of new recombinant vaccines and diagnostic tests against EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Marchioro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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28
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Okamba FR, Arella M, Music N, Jia JJ, Gottschalk M, Gagnon CA. Potential use of a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vector carrying the C-terminal portion of the P97 adhesin protein as a vaccine against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine. Vaccine 2010; 28:4802-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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FENG ZX, SHAO GQ, LIU MJ, WU XS, ZHOU YQ, GAN Y. Immune Responses to the Attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 168 Strain Vaccine by Intrapulmonic Immunization in Piglets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Cloning and purification of recombinant proteins of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 69:132-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Oral vaccination against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine using a live Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae vaccine strain as a vector. Vaccine 2009; 27:4543-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Maes D, Segales J, Meyns T, Sibila M, Pieters M, Haesebrouck F. Control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2008; 126:297-309. [PMID: 17964089 PMCID: PMC7130725 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, occurs worldwide and causes major economic losses to the pig industry. The organism adheres to and damages the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract. Affected pigs show chronic coughing, are more susceptible to other respiratory infections and have a reduced performance. Control of the disease can be accomplished in a number of ways. First, management practices and housing conditions in the herd should be optimized. These include all-in/all-out production, limiting factors that may destabilize herd immunity, maintaining optimal stocking densities, prevention of other respiratory diseases, and optimal housing and climatic conditions. Strategic medication with antimicrobials active against M. hyopneumoniae and, preferably, also against major secondary bacteria may be useful during periods when the pigs are at risk for respiratory disease. Finally, commercial bacterins are widely used to control M. hyopneumoniae infections. The main effects of vaccination include less clinical symptoms, lung lesions and medication use, and improved performance. However, bacterins provide only partial protection and do not prevent colonization of the organism. Different vaccination strategies (timing of vaccination, vaccination of sows, vaccination combined with antimicrobial medication) can be used, depending on the type of herd, the production system and management practices, the infection pattern and the preferences of the pig producer. Research on new vaccines is actively occurring, including aerosol and feed-based vaccines as well as subunit and DNA vaccines. Eradication of the infection at herd level based on age-segregation and medication is possible, but there is a permanent risk for re-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Muneta Y, Minagawa Y, Shimoji Y, Nagata R, Markham PF, Browning GF, Mori Y. IL-18 expression in pigs following infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2007; 26:637-44. [PMID: 16978067 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2006.26.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the detail of the immune response during infection of pigs with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp). To further understand this important porcine pathogen, we examined the interleukin-18 (IL- 18) response in experimentally infected piglets. We found that large amounts of IL-18 were produced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of pigs experimentally infected with Mhp. However, the concentration of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the same BALF was negatively correlated with that of IL-18. The antibody response against Mhp was found to be associated with the IL-18 concentration in the BALF. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that both IL-18 and IL-18 receptor alpha chain (IL-18Ralpha) were present in macrophages and plasma cells in the lungs of Mhp-infected pigs. Lung mononuclear cells isolated from pneumonic lesions secreted IL-18 and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in vitro, and PGE(2) production was enhanced by stimulation with IL-18. These results indicate that IL-18 produced in the pig lung contributes to the development of innate and acquired immune responses against Mhp as a proinflammatory cytokine rather than as an IFN-gamma-inducing factor and may be involved in immunomodulation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Muneta
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
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Okamba FR, Moreau E, Cheikh Saad Bouh K, Gagnon CA, Massie B, Arella M. Immune responses induced by replication-defective adenovirus expressing the C-terminal portion of the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P97 adhesin. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 14:767-74. [PMID: 17409219 PMCID: PMC1951074 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00415-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, colonizes the respiratory cilia of affected swine, causing significant economic losses to swine production worldwide. Vaccination is the most cost-effective strategy for the control and prevention of this disease. The goal of this study was to design and evaluate a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus, rAdP97c, expressing the C-terminal portion of P97 adhesin (P97c), an important pathogenesis-associated protein of M. hyopneumoniae, as a new vaccine candidate against M. hyopneumoniae infection. P97c-specific immune responses were evaluated in BALB/c mice following intranasal and intramuscular inoculation with rAdP97c. Mice inoculated by both routes of immunization produced significant levels of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALs). Animals immunized intranasally also produced a significant level of P97c-specific IgA in BALs. Intramuscular inoculation of rAdP97c induced a systemic and mucosal Th1-type biased response, evidenced by the predominance of IgG2a in the serum and BALs, whereas intranasal inoculation resulted in a mixed Th1/Th2-type response (balanced levels of IgG1 and IgG2a) in both sytemic and mucosal compartments. P97c-specific antibodies were able to inhibit the growth of M. hyopneumoniae cells in vitro. These data suggest that rAdP97c vaccine may represent a new strategy for controlling infection by M. hyopneumoniae.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/chemistry
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Female
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Okamba
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B
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35
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Chen AY, Fry SR, Forbes-Faulkner J, Daggard G, Mukkur TKS. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the P97R1 adhesin of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae as a mucosal vaccine in mice. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:923-929. [PMID: 16772421 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of P97 adhesin repeat region R1 (P97R1) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, an important pathogenesis-associated region of P97, was evaluated in mice as a mucosal vaccine. Mice were immunized orally with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium aroA strain CS332 harbouring a eukaryotic or prokaryotic expression vector encoding P97R1. Local and systemic immune responses were analysed by ELISA on mouse sera, lung washes and splenocyte supernatants following splenocyte stimulation with specific antigens in vitro. Although no P97R1-specific antibody responses were detected in serum and lung washes, significant gamma interferon was produced by P97R1-stimulated splenocytes from mice immunized orally with S. typhimurium aroA harbouring either expression system, indicating induction of a cell-mediated immune response. These results suggested that live bacterial vectors carrying DNA vaccines or expressing heterologous antigens preferentially induce a Th1 response. Surprisingly, however, mice immunized with the vaccine carrier S. typhimurium aroA CS332 induced serum IgG, but not mucosal IgA, against P97R1 or S. typhimurium aroA CS332 whole-cell lysate, emphasizing the importance of assessing the suitability of attenuated S. typhimurium antigen-carrier delivery vectors in the mouse model prior to their evaluation as potential vaccines in the target species, which in this instance was pigs.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/genetics
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/immunology
- Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal/immunology
- Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal/microbiology
- Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal/prevention & control
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Salmonella typhimurium/genetics
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/virology
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen Y Chen
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott R Fry
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Grant Daggard
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - T K S Mukkur
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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