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Wang T, Huang X, Dai LX, Zhan KM, Wang J. Investigation of altered spontaneous brain activity in patients with bronchial asthma using the percent amplitude of fluctuation method: a resting-state functional MRI study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1228541. [PMID: 38098762 PMCID: PMC10719853 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1228541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the regions of aberrant spontaneous brain activity in asthma patients and their potential impacts using the Percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) analysis method. Patients and methods In this study, a total of 31 bronchial asthma (BA) patients were ultimately included, comprising 17 males and 14 females. Subsequently, 31 healthy control subjects (HCS) were recruited, consisting of 17 males and 14 females, and they were matched with the BA group based on age, sex, and educational status. The PerAF analysis technique was employed to study the differences in spontaneous brain activity between the two groups. The SPM12 toolkit was used to carry out a two sample t-test on the collected fMRI data, in order to examine the differences in PerAF values between the asthma patients and the healthy controls. We employed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) to evaluate the cognitive and emotional states of the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain the relationship between changes in the PerAF values within specific brain regions and cognitive as well as emotional conditions. Results Compared with the healthy control group, areas of the brain with reduced PerAF in asthma patients included the inferior cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, right inferior orbital frontal gyrus, left middle orbital frontal gyrus, left/right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), dorsal lateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdl), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), precuneus, right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and left/right angular gyrus. BA patients exhibit mild cognitive impairments and a propensity for emotional disturbances. Furthermore, the perAF values of the SFGdl region are significantly positively correlated with the results of the MoCA cognitive assessment, while negatively correlated with the HAMD evaluation. Conclusion Through the application of PerAF analysis methods, we discovered that several brain regions in asthma patients that control the amplitude of respiration, vision, memory, language, attention, and emotional control display abnormal changes in intrinsic brain activity. This helps characterize the neural mechanisms behind cognitive, sensory, and motor function impairments in asthma patients, providing valuable insights for potential therapeutic targets and disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-xue Dai
- The Second Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang-min Zhan
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Second Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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2
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Kapici OB, Kapici Y, Tekin A. Reduced olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 332:111644. [PMID: 37087810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that limbic system abnormalities are seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but the neurobiological changes in OCD are still unclear. Moreover, olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and its association with symptom severity have not been yet investigated in patients with OCD. This is the first study on OBV and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) values in OCD patients, to the best of our knowledge. Between January 2018 and March 2022, 25 patients with OCD and 26 healthy controls with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. Detailed disease history of OCD patients was taken, and Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (YBOCS) was applied. The mean age of the patient group was 33.40±9.58, the mean age of the control group was 32.84±8.01. LOBV, ROBV, TOBV, and LOSD in the patient group were significantly lower than in the control group (p=.013, p=.005, p=.001, p=.015, respectively). ROBV and TOBV were negatively correlated with YBOCS total and subscale scores. A negative correlation was found between ROBV and TOBV and disease duration (r=-0.749 and r=-0.640, respectively). The negative correlation of ROBV and TOBV values with disease duration and disease severity can be used to monitor the neurodegenerative process of OCD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bayar Kapici
- Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Adıyaman, 02040, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Kapici
- Kahta State Hospital, Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Adıyaman, 02020, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Tekin
- Adıyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Adıyaman, 02040, Turkey
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3
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Safar K, Pang EW, Vandewouw MM, de Villa K, Arnold PD, Iaboni A, Ayub M, Kelley E, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E, Taylor MJ. Atypical oscillatory dynamics during emotional face processing in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder with MEG. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103408. [PMID: 37087819 PMCID: PMC10149418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Children and youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) demonstrate difficulties with social, emotional and cognitive functions in addition to the core diagnosis of obsessions and compulsions. This is the first magnetoencephalography (MEG) study to examine whole-brain neurophysiological functional connectivity of emotional face processing networks in paediatric OCD. Seventy-two participants (OCD: n = 36; age 8-17 yrs; typically developing controls: n = 36, age 8-17 yrs) completed an implicit emotional face processing task in the MEG. Functional connectivity networks in canonical frequency bands were compared between groups, and within OCD and control groups between emotions (angry vs. happy). Between groups, participants with OCD showed increased functional connectivity in the gamma band to angry faces, suggesting atypical perception of angry faces in OCD. Within groups, the OCD group showed greater engagement of the beta band, suggesting the over-use of top-down processing when perceiving happy versus angry emotions, while controls engaged in bottom-up gamma processing, also greater to happy faces. Over-activation of top-down processing has been linked to difficulties modifying one's cognitive set. Findings establish altered patterns of neurophysiological connectivity in children with OCD, and are striking in their oscillatory specificity. Our results contribute to a greater understanding of the neurobiology of the disorder, and are foundational for the possibility of alternative targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Safar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marlee M Vandewouw
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathrina de Villa
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammed Ayub
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Wise T, Robinson OJ, Gillan CM. Identifying Transdiagnostic Mechanisms in Mental Health Using Computational Factor Modeling. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:690-703. [PMID: 36725393 PMCID: PMC10017264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Most psychiatric disorders do not occur in isolation, and most psychiatric symptom dimensions are not uniquely expressed within a single diagnostic category. Current treatments fail to work for around 25% to 40% of individuals, perhaps due at least in part to an overreliance on diagnostic categories in treatment development and allocation. In this review, we describe ongoing efforts in the field to surmount these challenges and precisely characterize psychiatric symptom dimensions using large-scale studies of unselected samples via remote, online, and "citizen science" efforts that take a dimensional, mechanistic approach. We discuss the importance that efforts to identify meaningful psychiatric dimensions be coupled with careful computational modeling to formally specify, test, and potentially falsify candidate mechanisms that underlie transdiagnostic symptom dimensions. We refer to this approach, i.e., where symptom dimensions are identified and validated against computationally well-defined neurocognitive processes, as computational factor modeling. We describe in detail some recent applications of this method to understand transdiagnostic cognitive processes that include model-based planning, metacognition, appetitive processing, and uncertainty estimation. In this context, we highlight how computational factor modeling has been used to identify specific associations between cognition and symptom dimensions and reveal previously obscured relationships, how findings generalize to smaller in-person clinical and nonclinical samples, and how the method is being adapted and optimized beyond its original instantiation. Crucially, we discuss next steps for this area of research, highlighting the value of more direct investigations of treatment response that bridge the gap between basic research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Wise
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Robinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Research Department of Clinical Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Gillan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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5
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Waite J, Beck SR, Powis L, Oliver C. The Executive Function Account of Repetitive Behavior: Evidence From Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 128:49-65. [PMID: 36548376 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we focus on Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) to explore the associations between executive function deficits and repetitive behaviors. Thirty individuals with RTS completed direct assessments of inhibition, working memory and set-shifting. Informants completed repetitive behavior and executive function questionnaires. Repetitive questions were associated with poorer inhibition and working memory. Stereotypy was associated with poorer inhibition. Adherence to routines was associated with poorer set-shifting, but only on the parental report measure. No other associations were evident. There is evidence of an association between specific repetitive behaviors and executive functioning in RTS, suggesting executive dysfunction may underpin behavioral difference in RTS. The findings point towards specific associations that are of interest for further research across populations in which repetitive behaviors are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Waite
- Jane Waite, College of Health and Life Sciences, School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah R Beck
- Sarah R. Beck, Laurie Powis, and Chris Oliver, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laurie Powis
- Sarah R. Beck, Laurie Powis, and Chris Oliver, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- Sarah R. Beck, Laurie Powis, and Chris Oliver, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Yamamuro K. Near-infrared spectroscopy in child and adolescent neurodevelopmental disorders. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e59. [PMID: 38868653 PMCID: PMC11114441 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical technique that uses the near-infrared spectrum for functional neuroimaging by measuring oxygenation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex. The advantages of NIRS include its portability and ease of application, which allows for testing with the subject in natural positions, such as sitting or standing. Since 1994, NIRS has been increasingly used to conduct functional activation studies on different psychiatric disorders, most prominently schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, limited information on its use among child and adolescent patients is available. We herein review recent findings obtained using NIRS measurements of the brain during cognitive tasks in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette's disorder. This will facilitate evaluations of the causation and treatment of prefrontal cortex dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Department of PsychiatryNara Medical University School of MedicineKashiharaJapan
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7
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Wong KS, Chou T, Peters AT, Ellard KK, Nierenberg AA, Dougherty DD, Deckersbach T. Convergence between behavioral, neural, and self-report measures of cognitive control: The Frontal Systems Behavior Scale in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:317-323. [PMID: 35447525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) is a self-report measure that assesses difficulties with cognitive and emotional control such as apathetic behavior, lack of inhibitory control, and executive dysfunction. Previous neuroimaging studies highlight the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in these processes. In this study, we investigated whether there was convergence across subjective and objective measures of apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction. Specifically, we studied whether ACC, OFC, and DLPFC activation during a modified version of the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT), is associated with FrSBe apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction scores, in healthy controls (HC) and individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD), who commonly exhibit difficulties in these domains. Individuals with BD (n = 31) and HCs (n = 31) with no current or past psychiatric illness completed the FrSBe and the MSIT during fMRI scanning. We investigated task-specific changes in the ACC, DLPFC, and OFC and their correlations with FrSBe apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction subscale scores, respectively. Individuals with BD and the HC group demonstrated greater ACC, DLPFC, and OFC activation during MSIT interference conditions compared with non-interference conditions. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between OFC activation and disinhibition scores, which remained significant after accounting for medication load. Together, these results demonstrate the FrSBe disinhibition subscale, in particular, can be a self-report measure that converges with behavioral and neural markers of disinhibition in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Sretavan Wong
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tina Chou
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy T Peters
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen K Ellard
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Lai CW, Shih CW, Chang CH. Analysis of collateral projections from the lateral orbitofrontal cortex to nucleus accumbens and basolateral amygdala in rats. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1535-1546. [PMID: 35507506 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00127.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is an important brain area for executive functions. The OFC projects to both the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). These two pathways share some similar behavioral functions, but their anatomical and physiological properties have not been compared before. In this study, we first explored the connection of the lateral OFC (lOFC) to NAc core (NAcc) and/or BLA, especially the collateral projections (Experiment 1 and 2) with rats. In Experiment 1, fluorophore-conjugated retrograde tracers were locally infused into the NAcc and the BLA to sample neurons in the lOFC. Our results revealed that along the anterior-posterior axis of the lOFC, more NAcc- and/or BLA-projecting neurons were distributed toward the posterior end, but the average percentage of collateral projecting neurons at the four sampled lOFC levels remained fairly stable. In Experiment 2, antidromic single units in the lOFC responsive to the NAcc and/or the BLA stimulation were identified in anesthetized rats. However, we found that collateral projections from the lOFC to NAcc and BLA were sparse. We next studied the physiological characteristics of these two pathways (Experiment 3). In this experiment, orthodromic single units in the NAcc or the BLA responsive to the lOFC stimulation were located in anesthetized rats. Our results showed no difference in the evoked thresholds or the intensity-response probability curves between the two. Together, our results showed that these two pathways were similar in projecting neuron distribution and physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Shih
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hui Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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9
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Dingemans AE, Volkmer SA, Mulkens S, Vuijk R, van Rood YR. The obsessive-compulsive spectrum: A network analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 308:114351. [PMID: 34979379 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), eating disorders (ED), autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) share obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and often co-occur, which could be seen as indicative of a common etiological basis. In addition, they also appear to have similarities in executive functioning. The present study investigated disorder-specific symptoms and executive functioning as a possible joint factor in individuals with OCD (n=53), BDD (n=95), ED (n=171) and ASD (n=73), and in healthy controls (n=110). The participants completed online questionnaires measuring OCD, ED, ASD and BDD related symptoms as well as executive functioning. The clinical groups were first compared to the healthy controls. Subsequently, a network analysis was performed only with the OC-groups. This network approach assumes that psychopathological disorders are the result of causal symptom interactions. As expected, the healthy controls reported less severe symptoms compared to the OC patient groups. The network analysis suggested that the executive functioning skill set shifting/attention switching and the ASD symptoms, social and communication skills were the most central nodes in the model. Difficulty with cognitive flexibility and social factors are central in OC-spectrum disorders and may be perpetuating factors and thus a relevant focus of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Mulkens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, and Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yanda R van Rood
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Randazza MP, McKay D, Bakhshaie J, Storch EA, Zvolensky MJ. Unhealthy Alcohol Use Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: The Moderating Effects of Anxiety and Depression. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord 2022; 32:100713. [PMID: 35242506 PMCID: PMC8887883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use occurs among individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptoms at a rate significantly greater than the general population. In clinical populations, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorders (SUD) have been shown to share neurological substrates, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying substance use in individuals with OCD. Aspects of anxiety and depression frequently contribute to various SUD and are thought to play a role in the relationship between increased substance use and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. The present research examines the moderating effects of depression and several anxiety-related constructs (anxious arousal, anxiety sensitivity, and social anxiety) on the relationship between health risk resulting from alcohol use and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in university students (n = 178). The physical concerns and social concerns subscales of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index increased the relationship between risky drinking and total OCD symptoms (as measured with the OCI-12). Additionally, general depression and social anxiety significantly increased the relationship between risky alcohol use and the obsessing dimension. All relationships were of a small to medium effect size. These findings help identify emotionally vulnerable subgroups of persons with OCD that may have greater liability for risky alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Randazza
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
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11
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Wang P, Yan Z, Chen T, Cao W, Yang X, Meng F, Liu Y, Li Z. Visuospatial working memory capacity moderates the relationship between anxiety and OCD related checking behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1039849. [PMID: 36699497 PMCID: PMC9868399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1039849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compulsive checking behavior is the most prevalent compulsive behavior in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While some studies have shown that anxiety and executive function influence compulsive checking behavior, the relationship between these constructs is inconclusive. Hence, we sought to explore the interplay between executive function, anxiety and compulsive checking behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS 47 healthy participants (HC) and 51 patients with OCD participated in the study. Symptoms and emotional states were assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants also completed three tests of neuropsychological functioning: the Stop Signal Task, the Spatial working memory Task, and the Wisconsin card sorting test. We analyzed the relationships between anxiety, executive function, and compulsive checking symptoms. RESULTS Patients with OCD showed significantly greater anxiety (p < 0.001) and impairments in visuospatial working memory function (p = 0.030) compared to HC participants, while inhibition and set-shifting were not significantly different between the two groups. Visuospatial working memory was negatively related to compulsive checking behavior (p = 0.016). Visuospatial working memory also played a moderating role in the positive relationship between anxiety and compulsive checking behavior (β = -0.281, p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Anxiety symptoms play an important role in explaining compulsive checking behavior in patients with OCD who have relatively weak visuospatial working memory ability. These findings provide a foundation for further research regarding the roles of emotion and cognitive inflexibility in compulsive checking behavior in patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenwen Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanjiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Sifre R, Berry D, Wolff JJ, Elison JT. Longitudinal change in restricted and repetitive behaviors from 8-36 months. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:7. [PMID: 33423667 PMCID: PMC7798225 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and one of the earliest behavioral signs of ASD. However, RRBs are also present in typically developing (TD) infants, toddlers, and preschool-aged children. Past work suggests that examining change in these behaviors over time is essential to distinguish between normative manifestations of these behaviors and behaviors that denote risk for a neurodevelopmental disorder. One challenge in examining changes in these behaviors over time is that most measures of RRBs have not established longitudinal measurement invariance. The aims of this study were to (1) establish measurement invariance in the Repetitive Behavior Scales for Early Childhood (RBS-EC), a parent-report questionnaire of RRBs, and (2) model developmental change in RRBs from 8 to 36 months. METHODS We collected RBS-EC responses from parents of TD infants (n = 180) from 8 to 36 months (n = 606 responses, with participants contributing an average of 3-time points). We leverage a novel methodological approach to measurement invariance testing (Bauer, Psychological Models, 22(3), 507-526, 2017), moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA), to determine whether the RBS-EC was invariant across age and sex. We then generated adjusted factor score estimates for each subscale of the RBS-EC (repetitive motor, self-directed, and higher-order behaviors), and used linear mixed effects models to estimate between- and within-person changes in the RBS-EC over time. RESULTS The RBS-EC showed some non-invariance as a function of age. We were able to adjust for this non-invariance in order to more accurately model changes in the RBS-EC over time. Repetitive motor and self-directed behaviors showed a linear decline from 8 to 36 months, while higher-order behaviors showed a quadratic trajectory such that they began to decline later in development at around 18 months. Using adjusted factor scores as opposed to unadjusted raw mean scores provided a number of benefits, including increased within-person variability and precision. CONCLUSIONS The RBS-EC is sensitive enough to measure the presence of RRBs in a TD sample, as well as their decline with age. Using factor score estimates of each subscale adjusted for non-invariance allowed us to more precisely estimate change in these behaviors over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sifre
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Daniel Berry
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jason J Wolff
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jed T Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Iversen RK, Lewis C. Executive Function Skills Are Linked to Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors: Three Correlational Meta Analyses. Autism Res 2021; 14:1163-1185. [PMID: 33410263 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a consensus on the centrality of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yet the origins of these behaviors are still debated. We reconsider whether executive function (EF) accounts of RRBs should be revisited. EF deficits and high levels of RRBs are often pronounced in individuals with ASD and are also prevalent in young typically developing children. Despite this, the evidence is mixed, and there has been no systematic attempt to evaluate the relationship across studies and between task batteries. We examine recent evidence, and in three highly powered random-effects analyses (N = 2964), examine the strength of the association between RRB levels and performance on set shifting, inhibitory control, and parental-report based EF batteries. The analyses confirm significant associations between high levels of the behaviors and poor EF skills. Moreover, the associations remained stable across typical development and in individuals with ASD and across different types of EF measures. These meta-analyses consolidate recent evidence identifying that cognitive mechanisms correlate with high RRBs that are seen in individuals with ASD, as well as in typical development. We propose that the EF account may be critical for guiding future interventions in ASD research. LAY SUMMARY: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are diagnostic criteria for Autism yet also common in typical development, and if they persist over time some can have a negative impact on learning and social acceptance. The present meta-analyses found that high levels of RRBs related to poor performance on set-shifting and inhibitory control tasks, as well as high ratings on parental report scales. Future studies should create interventions that aim to improve these skills as they may help manage challenging RRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kvisler Iversen
- Fylde College, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Charlie Lewis
- Fylde College, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Effects of Motor Tempo on Frontal Brain Activity: An fNIRS Study. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117597. [PMID: 33418074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
People are able to modify the spontaneous pace of their actions to interact with their environment and others. This ability is underpinned by high-level cognitive functions but little is known in regard to the brain areas that underlie such temporal control. A salient practical issue is that current neuroimaging techniques (e.g., EEG, fMRI) are extremely sensitive to movement, which renders challenging any investigation of brain activity in the realm of whole-body motor paradigms. Within the last decade, the noninvasive imaging method of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become the reference tool for experimental motor paradigms due to its tolerance to motion artefacts. In the present study, we used a continuous-wave fNIRS system to record the prefrontal and motor hemodynamic responses of 16 participants, while they performed a spatial-tapping task varying in motor complexity and externally-paced tempi (i.e., 300 ms, 500 ms, 1200 ms). To discriminate between physiological noise and cerebral meaningful signals, the physiological data (i.e., heart and respiratory rates) were recorded so that frequency bands of such signals could be regressed from the fNIRS data. Particular attention was taken to control the precise position of the optodes in reference to the cranio-cerebral correlates of the NIR channels throughout the experimental session. Results indicated that fast pacing relied on greater activity of the motor areas whereas moving at close-to-spontaneous pace placed a heavier load on posterior prefrontal processes. These results provide new insight concerning the role of frontal cognitive control in modulating the pacing of voluntary motor behaviors.
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Chen J, Yang J, Xiang Z, Huang X, Lu C, Liu S, Chen Y, Hu J. Graph theory analysis reveals premature ejaculation is a brain disorder with altered structural connectivity and depressive symptom: A DTI‐based connectome study. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1905-1921. [PMID: 33217076 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Urology Jiangsu Provincial People's HospitalFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ziliang Xiang
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Xinfei Huang
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Radiology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Shaowei Liu
- Department of Radiology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Andrology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Radiology Nanjing Brain HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Novara C, Vivet B, Raffard S. Le dégoût dans le trouble obsessionnel compulsif, mécanismes, évaluation, implications pour des pistes thérapeutiques. PRAT PSYCHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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The relation between normative rituals/routines and obsessive-compulsive symptoms at a young age: A systematic review. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2020.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A critical inquiry into marble-burying as a preclinical screening paradigm of relevance for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Mapping the way forward. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:1-39. [PMID: 30361863 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rodent marble-burying behavior in the marble-burying test (MBT) is employed as a model or measure to study anxiety- and compulsive-like behaviors or anxiolytic and anticompulsive drug action. However, the test responds variably to a range of pharmacological interventions, and little consensus exists regarding specific methodologies for its execution. Regardless, the test is widely applied to investigate the effects of pharmacological, genetic, and behavioral manipulations on purported behaviors related to the said neuropsychiatric constructs. Therefore, in the present review we attempt to expound the collective translational significance of the MBT. We do this by (1) reviewing burying behavior as a natural behavioral phenotype, (2) highlighting key aspects of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder from a translational perspective, (3) reviewing the history and proof of concept of the MBT, (4) critically appraising potential methodological confounds in execution of the MBT, and (5) dissecting responses of the MBT to various pharmacological interventions. We conclude by underlining that the collective translational value of the MBT will be strengthened by contextually valid experimental designs and objective reporting of data.
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Koorenhof LJ, Dommett EJ. An Investigation Into Response Inhibition in Distinct Clinical Groups Within Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 31:228-238. [PMID: 30888920 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18070166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Response inhibition has been frequently studied in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with mixed results. The inconsistent findings may stem in part from failure to consider the heterogeneity of the disorder. METHODS The authors examined behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) components (N2 and P3) during a simple response inhibition go/nogo task in a sample of patients with OCD (N=48) and control subjects (N=53). Comparisons in behavioral and electrophysiological measures were made between groups (OCD compared with control) and within the OCD group in terms of symptom clusters (symmetry, forbidden thoughts, and cleaning) and comorbidity status (OCD only and OCD with depression). RESULTS In the OCD group, the N2 component appeared more frontally localized compared with the control group. Participants with OCD demonstrated longer N2 latency and a larger difference in N2 between the nogo and go conditions, suggesting slower but greater conflict monitoring. P3 had a larger amplitude in the OCD group compared with the control group, indicative of greater response inhibition, but was also reduced in the nogo compared with go condition, suggesting suppressed response inhibition. No significant differences were found between symptom clusters, but patients with OCD only made more omission errors compared with patients with OCD and comorbid depression. The latter cohort also had faster P3 latencies, which, combined with the behavioral data, indicates slightly improved response inhibition when comorbid depression is found. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these results, it would seem unlikely that symptom clusters have contributed to previous inconsistencies in the literature. Comorbid depression, which may have affected previous results, should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes J Koorenhof
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom (Koorenhof); and the Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dommett)
| | - Eleanor J Dommett
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom (Koorenhof); and the Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dommett)
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20
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Xia J, Fan J, Liu W, Du H, Zhu J, Yi J, Tan C, Zhu X. Functional connectivity within the salience network differentiates autogenous- from reactive-type obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109813. [PMID: 31785320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous condition. To better understand and treat patients, symptomatology of OCD has been categorized into more homogenous symptom dimensions. The autogenous-reactive classification model has proven helpful in the elucidation of the neurobiological substrates for clinical heterogeneity in OCD. The purpose of the current study was to systematically compare regional and network functional alterations between OCD subtypes based on the autogenous-reactive model. METHODS Autogenous-type OCD patients (OCD-AO, n = 40), reactive-type patients (OCD-RO, n = 42), and healthy controls (HC, n = 70) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were compared among subjects. Areas of abnormal local spontaneous brain activity that differentiated OCD-AO and OCD-RO patients were identified and entered as seeds in functional connectivity (FC) analysis. RESULTS Compared to OCD-RO patients and HC participants, OCD-AO patients showed increased ALFF in the left anterior insula (AI), increased ReHo in the right AI, and hyperconnectivity between bilateral AI and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Both OCD-AO and OCD-RO patients shared regional function deficits in several areas within the prefrontal cortex, and stronger FC between bilateral AI and major nodes of the default mode network (DMN) compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that aberrant functional interaction between the salience network (SN) and the DMN may represent a common substrate in the pathophysiology of OCD, while impaired functional coupling within the SN is distinct to autogenous-type OCD patients. These findings provide further neurobiological evidence to support the autogenous-reactive classification model and contribute to the understanding of the neurobiological basis for clinical heterogeneity in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hongyu Du
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jinyao Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Changlian Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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21
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Wilton EP, Flessner CA, Brennan E, Murphy Y, Walther M, Garcia A, Conelea C, Dickstein DP, Stewart E, Benito K, Freeman JB. A Neurocognitive Comparison of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling Disorder). JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:733-744. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Jia C, Ou Y, Chen Y, Li P, Lv D, Yang R, Zhong Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang G, Guo H, Sun Z, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang X, Guo W. Decreased Resting-State Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Medication-Free Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:559729. [PMID: 33101081 PMCID: PMC7522198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.559729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decreased homotopic connectivity of brain networks such as the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits may contribute to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known about interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) at rest in OCD. In this study, the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method was applied to explore interhemispheric coordination at rest in OCD. METHODS Forty medication-free patients with OCD and 38 sex-, age-, and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The VMHC and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Patients with OCD had remarkably decreased VMHC values in the orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, middle occipital gyrus, and precentral and postcentral gyri compared with HCs. A combination of the VMHC values in the thalamus and postcentral gyrus could optimally distinguish patients with OCD from HCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the contribution of decreased interhemispheric FC within and outside the CSTC circuits in OCD and provide evidence to the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoxi Zhong
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Library, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Uljarević M, McCabe KL, Angkustsiri K, Simon TJ, Hardan AY. Interrelationship Between Cognitive Control, Anxiety, and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Autism Res 2019; 12:1737-1744. [PMID: 31433576 PMCID: PMC6927400 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) are common in individuals with 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), yet the underlying mechanisms of these behaviors remain poorly characterized. In the present pilot investigation, we aimed to further our understanding of RRB in 22q11.2DS by exploring their relationship with cognitive control and anxiety as well as with sex, chronological age, and full-scale IQ. Parents of 38 children with 22q11.2DS (17 females; Mage = 11.15 years, SD = 2.46) completed the Social Communication Questionnaire as a measure of RRB and social and communication (SC) problems and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 as a measure of anxiety and cognitive control. Higher RRB scores were significantly associated with higher anxiety levels (r = 0.44, P = 0.006), more impairments in cognitive control (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), and higher SC scores (r = 0.43, P = 0.011). In the first step of the hierarchical regression model, anxiety accounted for 24.5% of variance (F = 10.05, P = 0.003); cognitive control accounted for an additional 18.1% of variance (Fchange = 11.15, P < 0.001) in the second step; SC score accounted for only 0.8% of additional variance in the third step (Fchange = 0.40, P = 0.53). The final model explained 43.4% of variance (F = 7.42, P = 0.001), with cognitive control as a unique independent predictor of RRB score (t = 2.52, P = 0.01). The current study provides the first exploration of the cognitive control-anxiety-RRB link in individuals with 22q11.2DS and points to cognitive control as a potentially viable target for treatments aimed at reducing RRB. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1737-1744. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome show high levels of repetitive behaviors, however, the previous research has not explored why people with this syndrome exhibit high rates of repetitive behaviors. Understanding the reasons for the high levels of repetitive behaviors is important given that these behaviors can be highly impairing. Our study found that repetitive behaviors were associated with impaired ability to self-regulate and high levels of anxiety. These findings need to be further replicated; however, they are important as they suggest potentially promising ways of reducing these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Uljarević
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn L McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
- MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kathleen Angkustsiri
- MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Tony J Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
- MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Antonio Y Hardan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Diehl MM, Bravo-Rivera C, Quirk GJ. The study of active avoidance: A platform for discussion. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:229-237. [PMID: 31509767 PMCID: PMC6936221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional active avoidance tasks have advanced the field of aversive learning and memory for decades and are useful for studying simple avoidance responses in isolation; however, these tasks have limited clinical relevance because they do not model several key features of clinical avoidance. In contrast, platform-mediated avoidance (PMA) more closely resembles clinical avoidance because the response i) is associated with an unambiguous safe location, ii) is not associated with an artificial termination of the warning signal, and iii) is associated with a decision-based appetitive cost. Recent findings on the neuronal circuits of PMA have confirmed that amygdala-striatal circuits are essential for avoidance. In PMA, however, the prelimbic cortex facilitates the avoidance response early during the warning signal, perhaps through disinhibition of the striatum. Future studies on avoidance should account for additional factors such as sex differences and social interactions that will advance our understanding of maladaptive avoidance contributing to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Diehl
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936, Puerto Rico; Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 United States
| | | | - Gregory J Quirk
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936, Puerto Rico.
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Wolmarans DW, Stein DJ, Harvey BH. A Psycho-Behavioral Perspective on Modelling Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Animals: The Role of Context. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5662-5689. [PMID: 28545371 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170523125256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a heterogeneous and debilitating condition, characterized by intrusive thoughts and compulsive repetition. Animal models of OCD are important tools that have the potential to contribute significantly to our understanding of the condition. Although there is consensus that pre-clinical models are valuable in elucidating the underlying neurobiology in psychiatric disorders, the current paper attempts to prompt ideas on how interpretation of animal behavior can be expanded upon to more effectively converge with the human disorder. Successful outcomes in psychopharmacology involve rational design and synthesis of novel compounds and their testing in well-designed animal models. As part of a special journal issue on OCD, this paper will 1) review the psychobehavioral aspects of OCD that are of importance on how the above ideas can be articulated, 2) briefly elaborate on general issues that are important for the development of animal models of OCD, with a particular focus on the role and importance of context, 3) propose why translational progress may often be less than ideal, 4) highlight some of the significant contributions afforded by animal models to advance understanding, and 5) conclude by identifying novel behavioral constructs for future investigations that may contribute to the face, predictive and construct validity of OCD animal models. We base these targets on an integrative approach to face and construct validity, and note that the issue of treatment-resistance in the clinical context should receive attention in current animal models of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Wet Wolmarans
- Division of Pharmacology, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North West-University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Division of Pharmacology, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North West-University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Angelides NH, Gupta J, Vickery TJ. Associating resting-state connectivity with trait impulsivity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1001-1008. [PMID: 28402539 PMCID: PMC5472125 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychometric research has identified stable traits that predict inter-individual differences in appetitive motivation and approach behavior. Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales have been developed to quantitatively assess these traits. However, neural mechanisms corresponding to the proposed constructs reflected in BIS/BAS are still poorly defined. The ventral striatum (VS) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are implicated in subserving reward-related functions that are also associated with the BAS. In this study, we examined whether functional connectivity between these regions predicts components of these scales. We employed resting-state functional connectivity and BIS/BAS scores assessed by a personality questionnaire. Participants completed a resting state run and the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) Questionnaire. Using resting-state BOLD, we assessed correlations between two basal ganglia ROIs (caudate and putamen) and bilateral OFC ROIs, establishing single subject connectivity summary scores. Summary scores were correlated with components of BIS/BAS scores. Results demonstrate a novel correlation between BAS-fun seeking and resting-state connectivity between middle OFC and putamen, implying that spontaneous synchrony between reward-processing regions may play a role in defining personality characteristics related to impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayesh Gupta
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Timothy J Vickery
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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27
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Wolmarans DW, Scheepers IM, Stein DJ, Harvey BH. Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii as a naturalistic mammalian model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: current status and future challenges. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:443-455. [PMID: 29214602 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behavior. Animal models of OCD arguably have the potential to contribute to our understanding of the condition. Deer mice (Permomyscus maniculatus bairdii) are characterized by stereotypic behavior which is reminiscent of OCD symptomology, and which may serve as a naturalistic animal model of this disorder. Moreover, a range of deer mouse repetitive behaviors may be representative of different compulsive-like phenotypes. This paper will review work on deer mouse behavior, and evaluate the extent to which this serves as a valid and useful model of OCD. We argue that findings over the past decade indicate that the deer mouse model has face, construct and predictive validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Wet Wolmarans
- Division of Pharmacology, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Isabella M Scheepers
- Division of Pharmacology, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Division of Pharmacology, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
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28
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Cless IT, Lukas KE. Variables affecting the manifestation of and intensity of pacing behavior: A preliminary case study in zoo-housed polar bears. Zoo Biol 2017; 36:307-315. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle T. Cless
- Department of Conservation and Science; Cleveland Metroparks Zoo; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Biology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio
| | - Kristen E. Lukas
- Department of Conservation and Science; Cleveland Metroparks Zoo; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Biology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio
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29
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Bhikram T, Abi-Jaoude E, Sandor P. OCD: obsessive-compulsive … disgust? The role of disgust in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:300-306. [PMID: 28375077 PMCID: PMC5573572 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified the important role of disgust in the symptomatology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Exaggerated and inappropriate disgust reactions may drive some of the symptoms of OCD, and in some cases, may even eclipse feelings of anxiety. This paper reviews behavioural and neuroimaging research that recognizes the prominent role of disgust in contributing to OCD symptoms, especially contamination-based symptoms. We discuss how elevated behavioural and biological markers of disgust reported in OCD populations support the need for alternative clinical treatment strategies and theoretical models of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Bhikram
- Correspondence to: T. Bhikram, University Health Network, Tourette Syndrome Neurodevelopmental Clinic, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8;
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30
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Neural correlates of cognitive control in gambling disorder: a systematic review of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:104-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Adams WK, Vonder Haar C, Tremblay M, Cocker PJ, Silveira MM, Kaur S, Baunez C, Winstanley CA. Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Selectively Decreases Risky Choice in Risk-Preferring Rats. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0094-17.2017. [PMID: 28791332 PMCID: PMC5547195 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0094-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) can improve the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and negate the problematic side effects of dopamine replacement therapy. Although there is concern that STN-DBS may enhance the development of gambling disorder and other impulse control disorders in this patient group, recent data suggest that STN-DBS may actually reduce iatrogenic impulse control disorders, and alleviate obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we sought to determine whether STN-DBS was beneficial or detrimental to performance of the rat gambling task (rGT), a rodent analogue of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) used to assess risky decision making clinically. Rats chose between four options associated with different amounts and probabilities of sugar pellet rewards versus timeout punishments. As in the IGT, the optimal approach was to favor options associated with smaller per-trial gains but lower timeout penalties. Once a stable behavioral baseline was established, electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the STN, and the effects of STN-DBS assessed on-task over 10 consecutive sessions using an A-B-A design. STN-DBS did not affect choice in optimal decision makers that correctly favored options associated with smaller per-trial gains but also lower penalties. However, a minority (∼25%) preferred the maladaptive "high-risk, high-reward" options at baseline. STN-DBS significantly and progressively improved choice in these risk-preferring rats. These data support the hypothesis that STN-DBS may be beneficial in ameliorating maladaptive decision making associated with compulsive and addiction disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K. Adams
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cole Vonder Haar
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Melanie Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paul J. Cocker
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mason M. Silveira
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Catharine A. Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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32
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Szechtman H, Ahmari SE, Beninger RJ, Eilam D, Harvey BH, Edemann-Callesen H, Winter C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Insights from animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:254-279. [PMID: 27168347 PMCID: PMC5833926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Research with animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shows the following: (1) Optogenetic studies in mice provide evidence for a plausible cause-effect relation between increased activity in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) circuits and OCD by demonstrating the induction of compulsive behavior with the experimental manipulation of the CBGTC circuit. (2) Parallel use of several animal models is a fruitful paradigm to examine the mechanisms of treatment effects of deep brain stimulation in distinct OCD endophenotypes. (3) Features of spontaneous behavior in deer mice constitute a rich platform to investigate the neurobiology of OCD, social ramifications of a compulsive phenotype, and test novel drugs. (4) Studies in animal models for psychiatric disorders comorbid with OCD suggest comorbidity may involve shared neural circuits controlling expression of compulsive behavior. (5) Analysis of compulsive behavior into its constitutive components provides evidence from an animal model for a motivational perspective on OCD. (6) Methods of behavioral analysis in an animal model translate to dissection of compulsive rituals in OCD patients, leading to diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Szechtman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Richard J Beninger
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - David Eilam
- Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Brian H Harvey
- MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Henriette Edemann-Callesen
- Bereich Experimentelle Psychiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christine Winter
- Bereich Experimentelle Psychiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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33
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Gorka SM, Lieberman L, Shankman SA, Phan KL. Association between neural reactivity and startle reactivity to uncertain threat in two independent samples. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:652-662. [PMID: 28150320 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies indicate that anxiety disorders are associated with heightened sensitivity to uncertain threat (U threat). Individual differences in reactivity to U threat have been measured in the laboratory with two methodologies-startle eyeblink potentiation and fMRI. While startle and fMRI are purported to relate to each other, very little research exists on whether individual differences in one measure are associated with individual differences in another and, thus, whether startle and fMRI capture shared mechanisms. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate if and where in the brain measures of startle potentiation and fMRI BOLD signal correlate during response to U threat across two independent samples. Participants in both studies completed two threat anticipation tasks-once during collection of startle potentiation and once during fMRI. In Study 1 (n = 43), the startle and fMRI tasks both used electric shock as the threat. As an extension, in Study 2 (n = 38), the startle task used electric shock but the fMRI task used aversive images. Despite these methodological differences, greater startle potentiation to U threat was associated with greater dorsal anterior cingulate, caudate, and orbitofrontal cortex reactivity to U threat in both samples. The findings suggest that startle and fMRI measures of responding to U threat overlap, and points toward an integrated brain-behavior profile of aberrant U threat responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lynne Lieberman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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34
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Chen Y, Meng X, Hu Q, Cui H, Ding Y, Kang L, Juhás M, Greenshaw AJ, Zhao A, Wang Y, Cui G, Li P. Altered resting-state functional organization within the central executive network in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:448-456. [PMID: 27377579 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with deficits in response inhibition and planning, which are governed by the central executive network. The objective of this study was to investigate both intra- and inter-regional resting-state connectivity within the central executive network in OCD. METHODS Thirty OCD patients and 30 matched healthy controls were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The independent component analysis was used on a separate sample of healthy controls to generate the central executive network mask for the subsequent OCD analyses. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and seed-based functional connectivity analyses were used to explore the differences between intra- and inter-regional synchronized activity within the central executive network in OCD patients at rest. RESULTS Increased ReHo and functional connectivity in the key regions of the central executive network, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the angular gyrus, were found in OCD patients. Furthermore, changes in both the ReHo within the orbitofrontal cortex and the functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and angular gyrus were negatively correlated with OCD duration. CONCLUSION The increased resting-state functional organization within the central executive network may be related to OCD patients' deficits in cognitive control and symptom progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qiqihar Mental Health Center, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongsheng Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yongzhuo Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Michal Juhás
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Ameng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Guangcheng Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China.
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35
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Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively common psychiatric illness with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% in general population. The pathophysiology of OCD is not yet fully understood, however over the last few decades, evidence for abnormalities of cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortico (CSTC) circuitry in etiopathogenesis of OCD has accumulated. Recent brain imaging techniques have been particularly convincing in suggesting that CSTC circuits are responsible for mediation of OCD symptoms. Neuroimaging studies, especially more recent studies using functional neuroimaging methods have looked for possible changes seen in the brain of patients with OCD, the specificity of the findings (as compared to other psychiatric illnesses) and the effects of treatment (pharmacotherapy/psychotherapy) on such changes were observed. This narrative review discusses the neuroimaging findings seen in patients with OCD with a special focus on relatively more recent neuroimaging modalities such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetoencephalography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Parmar
- Department of Psychiatry, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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36
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Uljarević M, Evans DW. Relationship between repetitive behaviour and fear across normative development, autism spectrum disorder, and down syndrome. Autism Res 2016; 10:502-507. [PMID: 27459229 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study had two aims: first to compare levels of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRB) across two groups of typically developing (TD) children, and two disorders: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome (DS), and second to explore the relationship between fear and repetitive behaviours in these four groups. Parents of 41 offspring with ASD (Mage = 123.39 months, SDage = 27.67), 38 offspring with DS (Mage = 125.37 months, SDage = 45.71), 45 typically developing children matched to the mental age (MA) of the DS group (TD MA; Mage = 51.13 months, SDage = 22.1), and 42 chronological age (TD CA; Mage = 117.93 months, SDage = 22.91) matched TD children, completed measures of RRB and fear. ANOVAs revealed differences across the four groups on the RRB subscale scores: "Just Right" F(3,162) = 16.62, P < 0.001; Rigid Routines F(3,162) = 52.76, P < 0.001; Sensory behaviours F(3,162) = 23.26, P < 0.001. Post-hoc comparisons revealed that children with ASD had the highest RRB levels followed by DS, TD MA, and TD CA children. In children with ASD, higher levels of fear were related to higher RRB levels. Similar, albeit less strong, patterns of associations was found among DS and TD MA children but not in older TD CA children. This study provided evidence of a fear-RRB association in children with ASD, DS, and two groups of TD children. Autism Res 2017, 10: 502-507. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Uljarević
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David W Evans
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
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37
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How does restricted and repetitive behavior relate to language and cognition in typical development? Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:863-874. [PMID: 27417193 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Relations between restricted and repetitive behavior at age 26 months and children's concurrent (N = 203) and later (n = 161) social cognition and language development were investigated. Restricted and repetitive behavior was assessed using two scales: sensory and motor repetitive behaviors and rigidity/routines/restricted interests. Language was assessed at ages 26 and 51 months; social cognition was assessed at ages 26 (symbolic play) and 51 and 61 months (theory of mind). Sensory and motor repetitive behavior was negatively related to children's (a) language performance at 26 and 51 months, (b) instructed symbolic play at 26 months, and (c) theory of mind performance at 51 and 61 months. Path analyses showed that children's sensory and motor repetitive behavior at age 26 months was related to lower receptive verbal ability and theory of mind at 51 months, which led to lower theory of mind at 61 months. Rigidity/routines/restricted interests at 26 months were unrelated to concurrent and later social cognition and language. These results are discussed in terms of the pathways via which sensory and motor repetitive behavior might impact negatively on development.
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38
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Jackson SAW, Horst NK, Pears A, Robbins TW, Roberts AC. Role of the Perigenual Anterior Cingulate and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Contingency Learning in the Marmoset. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:3273-84. [PMID: 27130662 PMCID: PMC4898677 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two learning mechanisms contribute to decision-making: goal-directed actions and the "habit" system, by which action-outcome and stimulus-response associations are formed, respectively. Rodent lesion studies and human neuroimaging have implicated both the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the neural basis of contingency learning, a critical component of goal-directed actions, though some published findings are conflicting. We sought to reconcile the existing literature by comparing the effects of excitotoxic lesions of the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), a region of the mPFC, and OFC on contingency learning in the marmoset monkey using a touchscreen-based paradigm, in which the contingent relationship between one of a pair of actions and its outcome was degraded selectively. Both the pgACC and OFC lesion groups were insensitive to the contingency degradation, whereas the control group demonstrated selectively higher performance of the nondegraded action when compared with the degraded action. These findings suggest the pgACC and OFC are both necessary for normal contingency learning and therefore goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A. W. Jackson
- Department of Psychology
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Nicole K. Horst
- Department of Psychology
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Andrew Pears
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Angela C. Roberts
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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39
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South M, Ozonoff S, Mcmahon WM. The relationship between executive functioning, central coherence, and repetitive behaviors in the high-functioning autism spectrum. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2016; 11:437-51. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361307079606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between everyday repetitive behavior (primary symptoms of autism) and performance on neuropsychological tests of executive function and central coherence (secondary symptoms). It was hypothesized that the frequency and intensity of repetitive behavior would be positively correlated with laboratory measures of cognitive rigidity and weak central coherence. Participants included 19 individuals (ages 10—19) with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD group) and 18 age- and IQ-matched typically developing controls (TD group). There was partial support in the ASD group for the link between repetitive behavior and executive performance (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task). There was no support for a link between repetitive behavior and measures of central coherence (a Gestalt Closure test and the Embedded Figures Test). Further research on repetitive behaviors in autism may benefit from a focus on narrow behavioral and cognitive constructs rather than general categories.
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40
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Ozcan H, Ozer S, Yagcioglu S. Neuropsychological, electrophysiological and neurological impairments in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder, their healthy siblings and healthy controls: Identifying potential endophenotype(s). Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:110-117. [PMID: 27100062 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the cognitive, neurological, electrophysiological functions which are reflected in executive functions, memory, visuospatial integration; neurological examination and auditory event related potentials (AERP) (N100, N200, P200 and P300) in patients with OCD, their siblings, and control subjects and to determine potential endophenotypic markers. Thirty-three patients with OCD, 18 siblings and 21 controls; matched for age, gender and years of education were included. Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms Checklist Scale, Hamilton Depression-Rating Scale, an exhaustive neuropscyhological test battery and Neurological Evaluation Scale were administered. Their AERP recordings were obtained. Executive functions and visuospatial integration were highly impaired in patients and slightly in their siblings compared to controls. P200 amplitude was sorted as siblings>patients>controls. P300 amplitude was sorted as patients<siblings<controls. Neurological Evaluation Scale scores were lower in patients compared to siblings and controls. The logistic regression analysis showed that, higher P300 amplitude, better performance on block design test and faster completion of Stroop test would predict being in the control group, whereas higher P200 amplitude would predict being in the case (patient and sibling) groups. We suggest that these seem to be the potential endophenotypes of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ozcan
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Erzurum, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Suzan Ozer
- Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suha Yagcioglu
- Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Ankara, Turkey
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41
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Han HJ, Jung WH, Yun JY, Park JW, Cho KK, Hur JW, Shin NY, Lee TY, Kwon JS. Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:921-932. [PMID: 26619965 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with abnormal cognitive and emotional functions and these dysfunctions may be dependent on the disruption of dynamic interactions within neuronal circuits associated with emotion regulation. Although several studies have shown the aberrant cognitive-affective processing in OCD patients, little is known about how to characterize effective connectivity of the disrupted neural interactions. In the present study, we applied effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling to explore the disturbed neural interactions in OCD patients. METHOD A total of 20 patients and 21 matched healthy controls performed a delayed-response working memory task under emotional or non-emotional distraction while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS During the delay interval under negative emotional distraction, both groups showed similar patterns of activations in the amygdala. However, under negative emotional distraction, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) exhibited significant differences between groups. Bayesian model averaging indicated that the connection from the DLPFC to the OFC was negatively modulated by negative emotional distraction in patients, when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). CONCLUSIONS Exaggerated recruitment of the DLPFC may induce the reduction of top-down prefrontal control input over the OFC, leading to abnormal cortico-cortical interaction. This disrupted cortico-cortical interaction under negative emotional distraction may be responsible for dysfunctions of cognitive and emotional processing in OCD patients and may be a component of the pathophysiology associated with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,College of Natural Sciences,Seoul National University,Seoul,South Korea
| | - W H Jung
- Medical Research Center,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea
| | - J-Y Yun
- Medical Research Center,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea
| | - J W Park
- Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea
| | - K K Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,College of Natural Sciences,Seoul National University,Seoul,South Korea
| | - J-W Hur
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,College of Natural Sciences,Seoul National University,Seoul,South Korea
| | - N Y Shin
- Medical Research Center,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea
| | - T Y Lee
- Medical Research Center,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea
| | - J S Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,College of Natural Sciences,Seoul National University,Seoul,South Korea
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42
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Ortiz AE, Morer A, Moreno E, Plana MT, Cordovilla C, Lázaro L. Clinical significance of psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: subtyping a complex disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:199-208. [PMID: 26374751 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A promising approach in relation to reducing phenotypic heterogeneity involves the identification of homogeneous subtypes of OCD based on age of onset, gender, clinical course and comorbidity. This study aims to assess the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of OCD patients in relation to gender and the presence or absence of another comorbid disorder. The sample comprised 112 children and adolescents of both sexes and aged 8-18 years, all of whom had a diagnosis of OCD. Overall, 67 % of OCD patients had one comorbid diagnosis, 20.5 % had two such diagnoses and 2.6 % had three comorbid diagnoses. The group of OCD patients with a comorbid neurodevelopmental disorder had significantly more family history of OCD in parents (p = .049), as compared with the no comorbidity group and the group with a comorbid internalizing disorder, and they also showed a greater predominance of males (p = .013) than did the group with a comorbid internalizing disorder. The group of OCD patients with internalizing comorbidity had a later age of onset of OCD (p = .001) compared with both the other groups. Although the initial severity was similar in all three groups, the need for pharmacological treatment and for hospitalization due to OCD symptomatology was greater in the groups with a comorbid neurodevelopmental disorder (p = .038 and p = .009, respectively) and a comorbid internalizing disorder (p = .008 and p = .004, respectively) than in the group without comorbidity. Our findings suggest that two subtypes of OCD can be defined on the basis of the comorbid pathology presented. The identification of different subtypes according to comorbidity is potentially useful in terms of understanding clinical variations, as well as in relation to treatment management and the use of therapeutic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ortiz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
| | - A Morer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - M T Plana
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - C Cordovilla
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - L Lázaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, C/Villaroel 170, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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43
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Rasmussen J, Siev J, Abramovitch A, Wilhelm S. Scrupulosity and contamination OCD are not associated with deficits in response inhibition. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2016; 50:120-6. [PMID: 26183654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prior research has indicated a number of neuropsychological deficits in patients with OCD consistent with the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical model of the disorder. Response inhibition (RI), defined as the inability to inhibit a prepotent response, has been identified as a possible candidate endophenotype for OCD. However, the results from previous studies of RI in OCD patients have been mixed, suggesting the possibility that some OCD dimensions may be associated with deficits in RI while others may not. The present study aimed to examine RI using a Go/No-Go (GNG) task in two OCD symptom dimensions, one of which, scrupulosity, has never been subject to neuropsychological investigation. METHODS A total of 63 individuals, consisting of scrupulous OCD (n = 26), contamination OCD (n = 18) and non-psychiatric controls (n = 19) completed study measures. Controlling for depression symptoms, no significant performance differences were found between the groups on the GNG test, indicating no deficits in RI among contamination or scrupulous OCD. RESULTS Results are consistent with several prior studies of RI in OCD that found no differences as compared to non-psychiatric controls, especially on GNG tests, and with more recent suggestions that RI may not constitute a clinical significant impaired domain in OCD. LIMITATIONS Limitations included a primarily highly educated and Caucasian sample. CONCLUSIONS Additional conclusions include careful consideration of the RI measures selected for future studies, as well as the need for further investigation into the neuropsychological and neurobiological nature of scrupulous OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amitai Abramovitch
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, USA; Texas State University, USA
| | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, USA
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44
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Morein-Zamir S, Voon V, Dodds CM, Sule A, van Niekerk J, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW. Divergent subcortical activity for distinct executive functions: stopping and shifting in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:829-40. [PMID: 26541510 PMCID: PMC4754830 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of executive function impairment in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) that potentially contributes to symptom development and maintenance. Nevertheless, the precise nature of these executive impairments and their neural basis remains to be defined. METHOD We compared stopping and shifting, two key executive functions previously implicated in OCD, in the same task using functional magnetic resonance imaging, in patients with virtually no co-morbidities and age-, verbal IQ- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. The combined task allowed direct comparison of neural activity in stopping and shifting independent of patient sample characteristics and state variables such as arousal, learning, or current symptom expression. RESULTS Both OCD patients and controls exhibited right inferior frontal cortex activation during stopping, and left inferior parietal cortex activation during shifting. However, widespread under-activation across frontal-parietal areas was found in OCD patients compared to controls for shifting but not stopping. Conservative, whole-brain analyses also indicated marked divergent abnormal activation in OCD in the caudate and thalamus for these two cognitive functions, with stopping-related over-activation contrasting with shift-related under-activation. CONCLUSIONS OCD is associated with selective components of executive function, which engage similar common elements of cortico-striatal regions in different abnormal ways. The results implicate altered neural activation of subcortical origin in executive function abnormalities in OCD that are dependent on the precise cognitive and contextual requirements, informing current theories of symptom expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Morein-Zamir
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience
Institute, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
- Department of Psychology,
Anglia Ruskin University, CambridgeUK
| | - V. Voon
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience
Institute, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - C. M. Dodds
- Department of Psychology,
University of Exeter, UK
| | - A. Sule
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience
Institute, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
- South Essex Partnership Trust,
UK
| | - J. van Niekerk
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - B. J. Sahakian
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience
Institute, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - T. W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience
Institute, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
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45
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Yamamuro K, Okada K, Kishimoto N, Ota T, Iida J, Kishimoto T. A longitudinal, event-related potential pilot study of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder with 1-year follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2463-2471. [PMID: 27713631 PMCID: PMC5045237 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s117100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Earlier brain imaging research studies have suggested that brain abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) normalize as clinical symptoms improve. However, although many studies have investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) in patients with OCD compared with healthy control subjects, it is currently unknown whether ERP changes reflect pharmacological and psychotherapeutic effects. As such, the current study examined the neurocognitive components of OCD to elucidate the pathophysiological abnormalities involved in the disorder, including the frontal-subcortical circuits. METHODS The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was used to evaluate 14 adult patients with OCD. The present study also included ten age-, sex-, and IQ-matched controls. The P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) components during an auditory oddball task at baseline for both groups and after 1 year of treatment for patients with OCD were measured. RESULTS Compared with controls, P300 amplitude was attenuated in the OCD group at Cz and C4 at baseline. Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatment for 1 year reduced OCD symptomology. P300 amplitude after 1 year of treatment was significantly increased, indicating normalization compared with baseline at Fz, Cz, C3, and C4. We found no differences in P300 latency, MMN amplitude, or MMN latency between baseline and after one year of treatment. CONCLUSION ERPs may be a useful tool for evaluating pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy in adult patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Koji Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Jingumaecocorono-Clinic
| | - Naoko Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Toyosaku Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Junzo Iida
- Faculty of Nursing, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
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46
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Yamamuro K, Ota T, Nakanishi Y, Matsuura H, Okazaki K, Kishimoto N, Takahashi H, Iwasaka H, Iida J, Kishimoto T. Event-related potentials in drug-naïve pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:394-9. [PMID: 26410771 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common mental health disorders, characterized by obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive behaviors, which may involve specific disorders in cognition and/or information processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are commonly used as physiological measures of cognitive function as they are easily measured and noninvasive. In the present study, 20 drug-naïve pediatric patients with OCD were compared with 20 healthy control participants who were age- and sex-matched to perform the ERP. Based on the guidelines for evoked potential measurement, the P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) were obtained by auditory odd-ball tasks. We found that the amplitudes of the P300 components in the Fz, Cz, Pz, C3, and C4 regions were significantly smaller in the OCD group compared with the control group. There were no between-group differences in P300 latency, MMN amplitude, or MMN latency. Moreover, we found significant correlations between scores on the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) and P300 amplitudes at Cz, Pz, and C3. The present study is the first to report smaller P300s and the associations between P300 abnormalities and CY-BOCS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toyosaku Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan.
| | - Yoko Nakanishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Kosuke Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Naoko Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Hidemi Iwasaka
- Department of Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan
| | - Junzo Iida
- Faculty of Nursing, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
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47
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Dougherty CC, Evans DW, Myers SM, Moore GJ, Michael AM. A Comparison of Structural Brain Imaging Findings in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 26:25-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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48
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Erguzel TT, Ozekes S, Sayar GH, Tan O, Tarhan N. A hybrid artificial intelligence method to classify trichotillomania and obsessive compulsive disorder. Neurocomputing 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Samson AC, Wells WM, Phillips JM, Hardan AY, Gross JJ. Emotion regulation in autism spectrum disorder: evidence from parent interviews and children's daily diaries. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:903-13. [PMID: 25442191 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although emotion dysregulation is not a defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there is a growing consensus that emotional problems play a prominent role in this disorder. METHODS The present study examined a wide range of emotion regulation (ER) strategies in 32 individuals with ASD compared to 31 group-matched typically developing (TD) participants in three emotional domains (anger, anxiety, and amusement). Parents of individuals with ASD and TD individuals were interviewed about their child's emotional experience and the use and efficacy of 10 ER strategies. In addition, participants filled out daily diaries on experience and regulation in the same emotional domains. RESULTS Compared to TD individuals, parents reported that individuals with ASD experienced more anger and anxiety and less amusement, made less frequent use of a variety of adaptive ER strategies (e.g. problem solving, cognitive reappraisal), and made more frequent use of maladaptive strategies (e.g. repetitive behavior). Moreover, individuals with ASD were less effective at utilizing adaptive ER strategies. Self-reports showed differences in experience of amusement and in ER strategies for anger and anxiety, but not in experience of anger and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that individuals with ASD less frequently use adaptive - but more frequently use maladaptive - ER strategies. Implications for ASD treatments that focus on increasing the use of adaptive strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Samson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Whitney M Wells
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Y Hardan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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50
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Brennan E, Flessner C. An interrogation of cognitive findings in pediatric obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Psychiatry Res 2015; 227:135-43. [PMID: 25912428 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current findings in the field of psychology have led to increased interest and a new conceptualization of disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors, namely the obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs). Scant research, however, has sought to collect and categorize the extant research on pediatric OCRDs. Particularly, no adequate review of the pediatric cognitive literature existed until now, despite the clear implication of abnormalities in neuroanatomical structures and cognitive functioning in adult samples. While evidence for cognitive dysfunction in pediatric samples is presented, this paper also suggests that differences in cognitive dysfunction may indeed exist between adults and youth with OCRDs. Specifically, those irregularities present in said youth at varying developmental stages may impact the origination and maintenance of OCRDs across time. Finally, this paper seeks to formulate potential future goals for the research field, particularly through transdiagnostic approaches to processes linked with symptom presentations. This is of particular importance as an improved understanding of the interaction of cognitive function and growth is key to further comprehension of the OCRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Brennan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent Hall, 600 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH 442440, USA.
| | - Christopher Flessner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent Hall, 600 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH 442440, USA
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